151
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Designer phospholipids – structural retrieval, chemo-/bio- synthesis and isotopic labeling. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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152
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Mochizuki S, Miki H, Zhou R, Noda Y. The involvement of oxysterol-binding protein related protein (ORP) 6 in the counter-transport of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in neurons. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101257. [PMID: 35518199 PMCID: PMC9061615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein (ORP) 6, a member of subfamily III in the ORP family, localizes to membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other organelles and functions in non-vesicular exchange of lipids including phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) in neurons. In this study, we searched for the lipid counter-transported in exchange for PI4P by using molecular cell biology techniques. Deconvolution microscopy revealed that knockdown of ORP6 partially shifted localization of a phosphatidylserine (PS) marker but not filipin in primary cultured cerebellar neurons. Overexpression of ORP6 constructs lacking the OSBP-related ligand binding domain (ORD) resulted in the same shift of the PS marker. A PI4KⅢα inhibitor specifically inhibiting the synthesis and plasma membrane (PM) localization of PI4P, suppressed the localization of ORP6 and the PS marker at the PM. Overexpression of mutant PS synthase 1 (PSS1) inhibited transport of the PS marker to the PM and relocated the PI4P marker to the PM in Neuro-2A cells. Introduction of ORP6 but not the dominant negative ORP6 constructs, shifted the localization of PS back to the PM. These data collectively suggest the involvement of ORP6 in the counter-transport of PI4P and PS. Knockdown of ORP6 changed localization of PS marker. Localization of PS marker and ORP6 at the PM was suppressed by PI4K inhibitor. ORP6 restored PS from the ER to PM when mutant PSS1 is expressed.
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153
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Wang T, Zhang J, Yang M, Guo J, Li D, Li Y. Lipidomics Analysis Reveals a Protective Effect of Myriocin on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Model Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1846-1858. [PMID: 35776315 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide accumulation has been associated with ischemic stroke. Myriocin is an effective serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) inhibitor that reduces ceramide levels by inhibiting the de novo synthesis pathway. However, the role of myriocin in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. The present study established an experimental rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We employed ultra-performance liquid chromatograph quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based lipidomic analysis to identify the disordered lipid metabolites and the effects of myriocin in cerebral cortical tissues of rats. In this study, we found 15 characterized lipid metabolites involved in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism in cerebral I/R-injured rats, and these alterations were significantly alleviated by myriocin. Specifically, the mRNA expression of metabolism-related enzyme genes was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We demonstrated that myriocin could regulate the mRNA expression of ASMase, NSMase, SGMS1, SGMS2, ASAH1, ACER2, and ACER3, which are involved in sphingolipid metabolism and PLA2, which is involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Moreover, TUNEL and Western blot assays showed that myriocin plays a key role in regulating neuronal cell apoptosis. In summary, the present work provides a new perspective for the systematic study of metabolic changes in ischemic stroke and the therapeutic applications of myriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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154
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Kim H, Lee S, Jun Y, Lee C. Structural basis for mitoguardin-2 mediated lipid transport at ER-mitochondrial membrane contact sites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3702. [PMID: 35764626 PMCID: PMC9239997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact site (ERMCS) is crucial for exchanging biological molecules such as phospholipids and Ca2+ ions between these organelles. Mitoguardin-2 (MIGA2), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, forms the ERMCS in higher eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the crystal structures of the MIGA2 Lipid Droplet (LD) targeting domain and the ER membrane protein VAPB bound to the phosphorylated FFAT motif of MIGA2. These structures reveal that the MIGA2 LD targeting domain has a large internal hydrophobic pocket that accommodates phospholipids and that two phosphorylations of the FFAT motif are required for tight interaction of MIGA2 with VAPB, which enhances the rate of lipid transport. Further biochemical studies show that MIGA2 transports phospholipids between membranes with a strong preference for binding and trafficking phosphatidylserine (PS). These results provide a structural and molecular basis for understanding how MIGA2 mediates the formation of ERMCS and facilitates lipid trafficking at the ERMCS. The ER-mitochondria contact sites are crucial for exchanging phospholipids. Here, Kim et al. present crystal structures of mitoguardin-2 (MIGA2) which reveal that MIGA2 directly binds phospholipids and transfers them between the ER and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea.,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seowhang Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Jun
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Changwook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea. .,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.
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155
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Yang J, Liu J, Pan Y, Maréchal E, Amato A, Liu M, Gong Y, Li Y, Hu H. PDAT regulates PE as transient carbon sink alternative to triacylglycerol in Nannochloropsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1345-1362. [PMID: 35385114 PMCID: PMC9237688 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the main storage lipids in photosynthetic organisms under stress. In the oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis oceanica, while multiple acyl CoA:diacylglycerol (DAG) acyltransferases (NoDGATs) are involved in TAG production, the role of the unique phospholipid:DAG acyltransferase (NoPDAT) remains unknown. Here, we performed a functional complementation assay in TAG-deficient yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and an in vitro assay to probe the acyltransferase activity of NoPDAT. Subcellular localization, overexpression, and knockdown (KD) experiments were also conducted to elucidate the role of NoPDAT in N. oceanica. NoPDAT, residing at the outermost plastid membrane, does not phylogenetically fall into the clades of algae or plants and uses phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol with 16:0, 16:1, and 18:1 at position sn-2 as acyl-donors in vivo. NoPDAT KD, not triggering any compensatory mechanism via DGATs, led to an ∼30% decrease of TAG content, accompanied by a vast accumulation of PEs rich in 16:0, 16:1, and 18:1 fatty acids (referred to as "LU-PE") that was positively associated with CO2 availability. We conclude that the NoPDAT pathway is parallel to and independent of the NoDGAT pathway for oil production. LU-PE can serve as an alternative carbon sink for photosynthetically assimilated carbon in N. oceanica when PDAT-mediated TAG biosynthesis is compromised or under stress in the presence of high CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG‐LPCV, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG‐LPCV, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Meijing Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
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156
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Liu B, Cong C, Li Z, Hao L, Yuan X, Wang W, Shi Y, Liu T. Analysis of the aqueous humor lipid profile in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109160. [PMID: 35753432 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the lipid profiles of aqueous humor from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) patients and identify potential biomarkers to increase the understanding of PCV pathomechanism. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed to acquire lipid profiles of aqueous humor of PCV patients and control subjects. Differentially expressed lipids were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. A receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to confirm the potential of identified lipids as biomarkers. Sixteen PCV patients and twenty-eight control subjects were enrolled in this study. In total, we identified 33 lipid classes and 639 lipid species in aqueous humor using the LipidSearch software. Of them, 50 differential lipids were obtained by combining univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (VIP>1 and P < 0.05), and 19 potential lipid biomarkers were identified by ROC analysis. In addition, significant alterations were found in several metabolic pathways, including glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. This study is the first to systematically characterize the alterations in lipid profiles in aqueous humor of PCV patients and screen for the potential lipid biomarkers for PCV diagnosis and treatment intervention. The results of this study are likely to broaden our understanding of the pathogenesis of PCV and contribute to improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Chenyang Cong
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhongen Li
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yuan
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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157
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Cheng C, Zhou MX, He X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Niu M, Liu YX, Gao Y, Lu YW, Song XH, Li HF, Xiao XH, Wang JB, Ma ZT. Metabolomic Analysis Uncovers Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism Disturbance During the Development of Ascites in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:815467. [PMID: 35770013 PMCID: PMC9234647 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.815467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascites is one of the most common complications of cirrhosis, and there is a dearth of knowledge about ascites-related pathologic metabolism. In this study, 122 alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients, including 49 cases without ascites, 18 cases with mild-ascites, and 55 cases with large-ascites (1) were established according to the International Ascites Club (2), and untargeted metabolomics coupled with pattern recognition approaches were performed to profile and extract metabolite signatures. A total of 553 metabolites were uniquely discovered in patients with ascites, of which 136 metabolites had been annotated in the human metabolome database. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was used to further identify 21 ascites-related fingerprints. The eigenmetabolite calculated by reducing the dimensions of the 21 metabolites could be used to effectively identify those ALD patients with or without ascites. The eigenmetabolite showed a decreasing trend during ascites production and accumulation and was negatively related to the disease progress. These metabolic fingerprints mainly belong to the metabolites in lipid metabolism and the amino acid pathway. The results imply that lipid and amino acid metabolism disturbance may play a critical role in the development of ascites in ALD patients and could be a potent prognosis marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-xi Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xian He
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-xuan Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-wen Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-hua Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-fang Li
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiao-he Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-bo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-bo Wang,
| | - Zhi-tao Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Zhi-tao Ma,
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158
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Flores J, Brea RJ, Lamas A, Fracassi A, Salvador‐Castell M, Xu C, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water‐Soluble Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña Rúa As Carballeiras 15701 A Coruña Spain
| | - Alejandro Lamas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Marta Salvador‐Castell
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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159
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Wu L, Liu L, Xu B, Huang D, Chen XW. In vitro and in vivo assay of the ER lipid scramblase TMEM41B. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101333. [PMID: 35496801 PMCID: PMC9043772 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bolin Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author
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160
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Zhan B, Shen J. Mitochondria and their potential role in acute lung injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:479. [PMID: 35761815 PMCID: PMC9214601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhan
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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161
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Saud Z, Tyrrell VJ, Zaragkoulias A, Protty MB, Statkute E, Rubina A, Bentley K, White DA, Rodrigues PDS, Murphy RC, Köfeler H, Griffiths WJ, Alvarez-Jarreta J, Brown RW, Newcombe RG, Heyman J, Pritchard M, Mcleod RW, Arya A, Lynch CA, Owens D, Jenkins PV, Buurma NJ, O'Donnell VB, Thomas DW, Stanton RJ. The SARS-CoV2 envelope differs from host cells, exposes procoagulant lipids, and is disrupted in vivo by oral rinses. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100208. [PMID: 35436499 PMCID: PMC9010312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid envelope of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an essential component of the virus; however, its molecular composition is undetermined. Addressing this knowledge gap could support the design of antiviral agents as well as further our understanding of viral-host protein interactions, infectivity, pathogenicity, and innate immune system clearance. Lipidomics revealed that the virus envelope comprised mainly phospholipids (PLs), with some cholesterol and sphingolipids, and with cholesterol/phospholipid ratio similar to lysosomes. Unlike cellular membranes, procoagulant amino-PLs were present on the external side of the viral envelope at levels exceeding those on activated platelets. Accordingly, virions directly promoted blood coagulation. To investigate whether these differences could enable selective targeting of the viral envelope in vivo, we tested whether oral rinses containing lipid-disrupting chemicals could reduce infectivity. Products containing PL-disrupting surfactants (such as cetylpyridinium chloride) met European virucidal standards in vitro; however, components that altered the critical micelle concentration reduced efficacy, and products containing essential oils, povidone-iodine, or chlorhexidine were ineffective. This result was recapitulated in vivo, where a 30-s oral rinse with cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash eliminated live virus in the oral cavity of patients with coronavirus disease 19 for at least 1 h, whereas povidone-iodine and saline mouthwashes were ineffective. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2 lipid envelope i) is distinct from the host plasma membrane, which may enable design of selective antiviral approaches; ii) contains exposed phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, which may influence thrombosis, pathogenicity, and inflammation; and iii) can be selectively targeted in vivo by specific oral rinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack Saud
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Zaragkoulias
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Majd B Protty
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Evelina Statkute
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anzelika Rubina
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Bentley
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A White
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard William Brown
- ENT Department, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Newcombe
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James Heyman
- Division of Surgery, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Manon Pritchard
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wj Mcleod
- Division of Surgery, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Arvind Arya
- ENT Department, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri-Ann Lynch
- Anaesthetics and Critical Care Directorate, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant, United Kingdom
| | - David Owens
- Division of Surgery, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P Vince Jenkins
- Haemostasis Diagnosis and Research, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Niklaas J Buurma
- Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - David W Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Stanton
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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162
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Zechner C, Henne WM, Sathe AA, Xing C, Hernandez G, Sun S, Cheong MC. Cellular abundance of sodium phosphate cotransporter SLC20A1/PiT1 and phosphate uptake are controlled post-transcriptionally by ESCRT. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101945. [PMID: 35447110 PMCID: PMC9123275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate is essential for human life. The widely expressed mammalian sodium/phosphate cotransporter SLC20A1/PiT1 mediates phosphate uptake into most cell types; however, while SLC20A1 is required for development, and elevated SLC20A1 expression is associated with vascular calcification and aggressive tumor growth, the mechanisms regulating SLC20A1 protein abundance are unknown. Here, we found that SLC20A1 protein expression is low in phosphate-replete cultured cells but is strikingly induced following phosphate starvation, whereas mRNA expression is high in phosphate-replete cells and only mildly increased by phosphate starvation. To identify regulators of SLC20A1 protein levels, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-based loss-of-function genetic screen in phosphate-replete cells using SLC20A1 protein induction as readout. Our screen revealed that endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery was essential for proper SLC20A1 protein downregulation in phosphate-replete cells. We show that SLC20A1 colocalizes with ESCRT and that ESCRT deficiency increases SLC20A1 protein and phosphate uptake into cells. We also found numerous additional candidate regulators of mammalian phosphate homeostasis, including genes modifying protein ubiquitination and the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Many of these targets have not been previously implicated in this process. We present here a model in which SLC20A1 protein abundance and phosphate uptake are tonically negatively regulated post-transcriptionally in phosphate-replete cells through direct ESCRT-mediated SLC20A1 degradation. Moreover, our screening results provide a comprehensive resource for future studies to elucidate the mechanisms governing cellular phosphate homeostasis. We conclude that genome-wide CRISPR-based genetic screening is a powerful tool to discover proteins and pathways relevant to physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adwait A Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mi Cheong Cheong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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163
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Cheng H, Wang M, Su J, Li Y, Long J, Chu J, Wan X, Cao Y, Li Q. Lipid Metabolism and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060784. [PMID: 35743814 PMCID: PMC9224822 DOI: 10.3390/life12060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, movement, membrane homeostasis, chemotherapy response, and drug resistance. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a typical feature of malignant tumors. In a variety of cancers, fat uptake, storage and fat production are up-regulated, which in turn promotes the rapid growth, invasion, and migration of tumors. This paper systematically summarizes the key signal transduction pathways and molecules of lipid metabolism regulating tumors, and the role of lipid metabolism in programmed cell death. In conclusion, understanding the potential molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism and the functions of different lipid molecules may facilitate elucidating the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of cancer in order to discover new potential targets for the development of effective antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qinglin Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0551-65169051
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164
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Determination of Glycerophospholipids in Biological Material Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detector HPLC-CAD-A New Approach for Isolation and Quantification. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103356. [PMID: 35630833 PMCID: PMC9146369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The method of using high-performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector method (HPLC-CAD) was developed for the separation and determination of phospholipids isolated from cell membranes. The established cell lines—normal and neoplastic prostate cells and normal skin fibroblasts and melanoma cells—were selected for the study. Chromatographic separation was performed in the diol stationary phase using a gradient elution based on a mixture of n-hexane, isopropanol and water with the addition of triethylamine and acetic acid as buffer additives. Taking the elements of the Folch and Bligh–Dyer methods, an improved procedure for lipid isolation from biological material was devised. Ultrasound-assisted extraction included three extraction steps and changed the composition of the extraction solvent, which led to higher recovery of the tested phospholipids. This method was validated by assessing the analytical range, precision, intermediate precision and accuracy. The analytical range was adjusted to the expected concentrations in cell extracts of various origins (from 40 µg/mL for PS up to 10 mg/mL for PC). Both precision and intermediate precision were at a similar level and ranged from 3.5% to 9.0%. The recovery for all determined phospholipids was found to be between 95% and 110%. The robustness of the method in terms of the use of equivalent columns was also confirmed. Due to the curvilinear response of CAD, the quantification was based on an internal standard method combined with a power function transformation of the normalized peak areas, allowing the linearization of the signal with an R2 greater than 0.996. The developed method was applied for the isolation and determination of glycerophospholipids from cell membranes, showing that the profile of the tested substances was characteristic of various types of cells. This method can be used to assess changes in metabolism between normal cells and neoplastic cells or cells with certain pathologies or genetic changes.
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165
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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166
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Fiore M, Chieffo C, Lopez A, Fayolle D, Ruiz J, Soulère L, Oger P, Altamura E, Popowycz F, Buchet R. Synthesis of Phospholipids Under Plausible Prebiotic Conditions and Analogies with Phospholipid Biochemistry for Origin of Life Studies. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:598-627. [PMID: 35196460 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are essential components of biological membranes and are involved in cell signalization, in several enzymatic reactions, and in energy metabolism. In addition, phospholipids represent an evolutionary and non-negligible step in life emergence. Progress in the past decades has led to a deeper understanding of these unique hydrophobic molecules and their most pertinent functions in cell biology. Today, a growing interest in "prebiotic lipidomics" calls for a new assessment of these relevant biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carolina Chieffo
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Augustin Lopez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dimitri Fayolle
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Johal Ruiz
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Soulère
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Oger
- Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240, Université de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emiliano Altamura
- Chemistry Department, Università degli studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - René Buchet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, CPE, Villeurbanne, France
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167
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Hammond GRV, Ricci MMC, Weckerly CC, Wills RC. An update on genetically encoded lipid biosensors. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:tp2. [PMID: 35420888 PMCID: PMC9282013 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-07-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific lipid species play central roles in cell biology. Their presence or enrichment in individual membranes can control properties or direct protein localization and/or activity. Therefore, probes to detect and observe these lipids in intact cells are essential tools in the cell biologist's freezer box. Herein, we discuss genetically encoded lipid biosensors, which can be expressed as fluorescent protein fusions to track lipids in living cells. We provide a state-of-the-art list of the most widely available and reliable biosensors and highlight new probes (circa 2018-2021). Notably, we focus on advances in biosensors for phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, and PI 3-kinase lipid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald R. V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Morgan M. C. Ricci
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Claire C. Weckerly
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Rachel C. Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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168
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Su H, Jiang ZH, Chiou SF, Shiea J, Wu DC, Tseng SP, Jain SH, Chang CY, Lu PL. Rapid Characterization of Bacterial Lipids with Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Species Differentiation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092772. [PMID: 35566120 PMCID: PMC9104219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) is both labor and time saving and has been proven to be useful for the rapid delineation of trace organic and biological compounds with minimal sample pretreatment. Herein, an analytical platform of probe sampling combined with a thermal desorption–electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS) and multivariate statistical analysis was developed to rapidly differentiate bacterial species based on the differences in their lipid profiles. For comparison, protein fingerprinting was also performed with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) to distinguish these bacterial species. Ten bacterial species, including five Gram-negative and five Gram-positive bacteria, were cultured, and the lipids in the colonies were characterized with TD-ESI/MS. As sample pretreatment was unnecessary, the analysis of the lipids in a bacterial colony growing on a Petri dish was completed within 1 min. The TD-ESI/MS results were further performed by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to assist the classification of the bacteria, and a low relative standard deviation (5.2%) of the total ion current was obtained from repeated analyses of the lipids in a single bacterial colony. The PCA and HCA results indicated that different bacterial species were successfully distinguished by the differences in their lipid profiles as validated by the differences in their protein profiles recorded from the MALDI-TOF analysis. In addition, real-time monitoring of the changes in the specific lipids of a colony with growth time was also achieved with probe sampling and TD-ESI/MS. The developed analytical platform is promising as a useful diagnostic tool by which to rapidly distinguish bacterial species in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan;
| | - Zong-Han Jiang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fen Chiou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan;
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (P.-L.L.)
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Pin Tseng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Huei Jain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Yu Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (P.-L.L.)
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169
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Doolittle LM, Binzel K, Nolan KE, Craig K, Rosas LE, Bernier MC, Joseph LM, Woods PS, Knopp MV, Davis IC. CDP-choline Corrects Alveolar Type II Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Influenza-infected Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:682-693. [PMID: 35442170 PMCID: PMC9163648 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0512oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of ARDS in influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice is associated with inhibition of alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cell de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis and administration of the phosphatidylcholine precursor CDP-choline attenuates IAV-induced ARDS in mice. We hypothesized inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis would also impact the function of ATII cell mitochondria. To test this hypothesis, adult C57BL/6 mice of both sexes were inoculated intranasally with 10,000 p.f.u./mouse influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Controls were mock-infected with virus diluent. Mice were treated with saline vehicle or CDP-choline (100 μg/mouse, i.p.) once daily from 1-5 days post-inoculation (dpi). ATII cells were isolated by a standard lung digestion protocol at 6 dpi for analysis of mitochondrial function. IAV infection increased uptake of the glucose analog 18F-FDG by the lungs and caused a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis as a primary means of ATII cell ATP synthesis by 6 dpi. Infection also induced ATII cell mitochondrial depolarization and shrinkage, upregulation of PGC-1α, decreased cardiolipin content, and reduced expression of mitofusin 1, OPA1, DRP1, Complexes I and IV of the electron transport chain, and enzymes involved in cardiolipin synthesis. Daily CDP-choline treatment prevented the declines in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cardiolipin synthesis resulting from IAV infection but did not fully reverse the glycolytic shift. CDP-choline also did not prevent the alterations in mitochondrial protein expression resulting from infection. Taken together, our data show ATII cell mitochondrial dysfunction following IAV infection results from impaired de novo phospholipid synthesis, but the glycolytic shift does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Doolittle
- OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Katherine Binzel
- OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Katherine E Nolan
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kelsey Craig
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lucia E Rosas
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Matthew C Bernier
- The Ohio State University, 2647, CCIC Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Facility, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lisa M Joseph
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Parker S Woods
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Michael V Knopp
- OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ian C Davis
- OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, Columbus, Ohio, United States;
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170
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Zhang S, Morgan XC, Dogan B, Martin FP, Strickler SR, Oka A, Herzog J, Liu B, Dowd SE, Huttenhower C, Pichaud M, Dogan EI, Satsangi J, Longman R, Yantiss R, Mueller LA, Scherl E, Sartor RB, Simpson KW. Mucosal metabolites fuel the growth and virulence of E. coli linked to Crohn's disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157013. [PMID: 35413017 PMCID: PMC9220930 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how resident enteric bacteria interact with their hosts to promote health or inflammation is of central importance to diarrheal and inflammatory bowel diseases across species. Here, we integrated the microbial and chemical microenvironment of a patient’s ileal mucosa with their clinical phenotype and genotype to identify factors favoring the growth and virulence of adherent and invasive E. coli (AIEC) linked to Crohn’s disease. We determined that the ileal niche of AIEC was characterized by inflammation, dysbiosis, coculture of Enterococcus, and oxidative stress. We discovered that mucosal metabolites supported general growth of ileal E. coli, with a selective effect of ethanolamine on AIEC that was augmented by cometabolism of ileitis-associated amino acids and glutathione and by symbiosis-associated fucose. This metabolic plasticity was facilitated by the eut and pdu microcompartments, amino acid metabolism, γ-glutamyl-cycle, and pleiotropic stress responses. We linked metabolism to virulence and found that ethanolamine and glutamine enhanced AIEC motility, infectivity, and proinflammatory responses in vitro. We connected use of ethanolamine to intestinal inflammation and L-fuculose phosphate aldolase (fucA) to symbiosis in AIEC monoassociated IL10–/– mice. Collectively, we established that AIEC were pathoadapted to utilize mucosal metabolites associated with health and inflammation for growth and virulence, enabling the transition from symbiont to pathogen in a susceptible host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Xochitl C Morgan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Belgin Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Francois-Pierre Martin
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susan R Strickler
- Plant Research, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Jeremy Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Scot E Dowd
- MR DNA: Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, United States of America
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Esra I Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Randy Longman
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Yantiss
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States of America
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Plant Research, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Ellen Scherl
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States of America
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
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171
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Zhou T, Wu Z, Das S, Eslami H, Müller-Plathe F. How Ethanolic Disinfectants Disintegrate Coronavirus Model Membranes: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:2597-2615. [PMID: 35286098 PMCID: PMC8938819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed dissipative particle dynamics models for pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) as well as their binary and ternary mixed membranes, as coronavirus model membranes. The stabilities of pure and mixed membranes, surrounded by aqueous solutions containing up to 70 mol % ethanol (alcoholic disinfectants), have been investigated at room temperature. We found that aqueous solutions containing 5-10 mol % ethanol already have a significant weakening effect on the pure and mixed membranes. The magnitude of the effect depends on the membrane composition and the ethanol concentration. Ethanol permeabilizes the membrane, causing its lateral swelling and thickness shrinking and reducing the orientational order of the hydrocarbon tail of the bilayer. The free energy barrier for the permeation of ethanol in the bilayers is considerably reduced by the ethanol uptake. The rupture-critical ethanol concentrations causing the membrane failure are 20.7, 27.5, and 31.7 mol % in the aqueous phase surrounding pure DMPC, DOPC, and DPPC membranes, respectively. Characterizing the failure of lipid membranes by a machine-learning neural network framework, we found that all mixed binary and/or ternary membranes disrupt when immersed in an aqueous solution containing a rupture-critical ethanol concentration, ranging from 20.7 to 31.7 mol %, depending on the composition of the membrane; the DPPC-rich membranes are more intact, while the DMPC-rich membranes are least intact. Due to the tight packing of long, saturated hydrocarbon tails in DPPC, increasing the DPPC content of the mixed membrane increases its stability against the disinfectant. At high DPPC concentrations, where the DOPC and DMPC molecules are confined between the DPPC lipids, the ordered hydrocarbon tails of DPPC also induce order in the DOPC and DMPC molecules and, hence, stabilize the membrane more. Our simulations on pure and mixed membranes of a diversity of compositions reveal that a maximum ethanol concentration of 32 mol % (55 wt %) in the alcohol-based disinfectants is enough to disintegrate any membrane composed of these three lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Zhou
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und
Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt,
Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Zhenghao Wu
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und
Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt,
Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shubhadip Das
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und
Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt,
Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hossein Eslami
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und
Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt,
Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- College of Sciences, Persian Gulf
University, Boushehr 75168, Iran
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und
Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt,
Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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172
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Grespi F, Vianello C, Cagnin S, Giacomello M, De Mario A. The Interplay of Microtubules with Mitochondria–ER Contact Sites (MERCs) in Glioblastoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040567. [PMID: 35454156 PMCID: PMC9030160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are heterogeneous neoplasms, classified into grade I to IV according to their malignancy and the presence of specific histological/molecular hallmarks. The higher grade of glioma is known as glioblastoma (GB). Although progress has been made in surgical and radiation treatments, its clinical outcome is still unfavorable. The invasive properties of GB cells and glioma aggressiveness are linked to the reshaping of the cytoskeleton. Recent works suggest that the different susceptibility of GB cells to antitumor immune response is also associated with the extent and function of mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs). The presence of MERCs alterations could also explain the mitochondrial defects observed in GB models, including abnormalities of energy metabolism and disruption of apoptotic and calcium signaling. Based on this evidence, the question arises as to whether a MERCs–cytoskeleton crosstalk exists, and whether GB progression is linked to an altered cytoskeleton–MERCs interaction. To address this possibility, in this review we performed a meta-analysis to compare grade I and grade IV GB patients. From this preliminary analysis, we found that GB samples (grade IV) are characterized by altered expression of cytoskeletal and MERCs related genes. Among them, the cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4 or CLIMP-63) appears particularly interesting as it encodes a MERCs protein controlling the ER anchoring to microtubules (MTs). Although further in-depth analyses remain necessary, this perspective review may provide new hints to better understand GB molecular etiopathogenesis, by suggesting that cytoskeletal and MERCs alterations cooperate to exacerbate the cellular phenotype of high-grade GB and that MERCs players can be exploited as novel biomarkers/targets to enhance the current therapy for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grespi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Vianello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
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173
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Diane A, Al-Shukri NA, Bin Abdul Mu-u-min R, Al-Siddiqi HH. β-cell mitochondria in diabetes mellitus: a missing puzzle piece in the generation of hPSC-derived pancreatic β-cells? J Transl Med 2022; 20:163. [PMID: 35397560 PMCID: PMC8994301 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), currently affecting 463 million people worldwide is a chronic disease characterized by impaired glucose metabolism resulting from the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells with the former preponderating in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the latter in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Because impaired insulin secretion due to dysfunction or loss of pancreatic β-cells underlies different types of diabetes, research has focused its effort towards the generation of pancreatic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) as a potential source of cells to compensate for insulin deficiency. However, many protocols developed to differentiate hPSCs into insulin-expressing β-cells in vitro have generated hPSC-derived β-cells with either immature phenotype such as impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) or a weaker response to GSIS than cadaveric islets. In pancreatic β-cells, mitochondria play a central role in coupling glucose metabolism to insulin exocytosis, thereby ensuring refined control of GSIS. Defects in β-cell mitochondrial metabolism and function impair this metabolic coupling. In the present review, we highlight the role of mitochondria in metabolism secretion coupling in the β-cells and summarize the evidence accumulated for the implication of mitochondria in β-cell dysfunction in DM and consequently, how targeting mitochondria function might be a new and interesting strategy to further perfect the differentiation protocol for generation of mature and functional hPSC-derived β-cells with GSIS profile similar to human cadaveric islets for drug screening or potentially for cell therapy.
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174
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Michell RH. The reliability of biomedical science: A case history of a maturing experimental field. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200020. [PMID: 35393713 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is much discussion in the media and some of the scientific literature of how many of the conclusions from scientific research should be doubted. These critiques often focus on studies, typically in non-experimental spheres of biomedical and social sciences - that search large datasets for novel correlations, with a risk that inappropriate statistical evaluations might yield dubious conclusions. By contrast, results from experimental biological research can often be interpreted largely without statistical analysis. Typically: novel observation(s) are reported, and an explanatory hypothesis is offered; multiple labs undertake experiments to test the hypothesis; interpretation of the results may refute the hypothesis, support it or provoke its modification; the test/revise sequence is reiterated many times; and the field moves forward. I illustrate this experimental/non-experimental dichotomy by examining the contrasting recent histories of: (a) our remarkable and growing understanding of how several inositol-containing phospholipids contribute to the lives of eukaryote cells; and (b) the difficulty of achieving any agreed mechanistic understanding of why consuming dietary supplements of inositol is clinically beneficial in some metabolic diseases.
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175
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Yang MT, Lan QY, Liang X, Mao YY, Cai XK, Tian F, Liu ZY, Li X, Zhao YR, Zhu HL. Lactational Changes of Phospholipids Content and Composition in Chinese Breast Milk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081539. [PMID: 35458100 PMCID: PMC9030290 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are pivotal polar lipids in human milk and essential for infants’ growth and development, especially in the brain and cognitive development. Its content and composition are affected by multiple factors and there exist discrepancies in different studies. In this study, we determined five major phospholipids classes (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin) in 2270 human milk samples collected from 0 to 400 days postpartum in six regions of China. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was performed to quantify the phospholipids. Total phospholipid median (IQR) content was in a range between 170.38 ± 96.52 mg/L to 195.69 ± 81.80 mg/L during lactation and was higher concentrated in colostrum milk and later stage of lactation (after 200 days postpartum) compared with that in the samples collected between 10 to 45 days postpartum. Variations in five major sub-class phospholipids content were also observed across lactation stages (phosphatidylethanolamine: 52.61 ± 29.05 to 59.95 ± 41.74 mg/L; phosphatidylinositol: 17.65 ± 10.68 to 20.38 ± 8.55 mg/L; phosphatidylserine: 15.98 ± 9.02 to 22.77 ± 11.17 mg/L; phosphatidylcholine: 34.13 ± 25.33 to 48.64 ± 19.73 mg/L; sphingomyelin: 41.35 ± 20.31 to 54.79 ± 35.26 mg/L). Phosphatidylethanolamine (29.18–32.52%), phosphatidylcholine (19.90–25.04%) and sphingomyelin (22.39–29.17%) were the dominant sub-class phospholipids in Chinese breast milk during the whole lactation period. These results updated phospholipids data in Chinese human milk and could provide evidence for better development of secure and effective human milk surrogates for infants without access to breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tao Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Lan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China;
| | - Ying-Yi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao-Kun Cai
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhao-Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Yan-Rong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-R.Z.); (H.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-2082-2472 (Y.-R.Z.); +86-20-8733-1811 (H.-L.Z.)
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-R.Z.); (H.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-2082-2472 (Y.-R.Z.); +86-20-8733-1811 (H.-L.Z.)
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176
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Şimşek B, Özilgen M, Utku FŞ. How much energy is stored in SARS‐CoV‐2 and its structural elements? ENERGY STORAGE 2022; 4:e298. [PMCID: PMC8646435 DOI: 10.1002/est2.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the virus causing the COVID‐19 disease. Data regarding the morphological properties of this virus are collected from the literature and then the energy stored in each structural element is calculated with Domalski and Hearing's group contribution method. Viruses, including the Corona viruses, derive all of their energy from the host cell and carry out all of their activities with this energy. SARS‐CoV‐2 construct a vehicle needed for the delivery of its mRNA to other hosts to inflict them with the disease. Upon transfer of the viral RNA to the new host, the remaining parts of the viral structure are discarded. Structural and molecular assessments showed that the chemical formula of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is C7,336,852H12,384,463N1,247,424O1,915,357P100,231S25,084 and its enthalpy of formation is −8.70 × 10−16 kJ. Comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 with the other viruses shows that its elemental composition does not like any of the others. The results of this study are expected to improve our knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartu Şimşek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering, Yeditepe UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Mustafa Özilgen
- Department of Food EngineeringFaculty of Engineering, Yeditepe UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Feride Şermin Utku
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering, Yeditepe UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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177
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Specificity of ABCA7-mediated cell lipid efflux. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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178
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Dikkumbura A, Aucoin AV, Ali RO, Dalier A, Gilbert DW, Schneider GJ, Haber LH. Influence of Acetaminophen on Molecular Adsorption and Transport Properties at Colloidal Liposome Surfaces Studied by Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3852-3859. [PMID: 35298170 PMCID: PMC8969770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy is used to investigate acetaminophen (APAP)-induced changes in the adsorption and transport properties of malachite green isothiocyanate (MGITC) dye to the surface of unilamellar 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes in an aqueous colloidal suspension. The adsorption of MGITC to DOPC liposome nanoparticles in water is driven by electrostatic and dipole-dipole interactions between the positively charged MGITC molecules and the zwitterionic phospholipid membranes. The SHG intensity increases as the added MGITC dye concentration is increased, reaching a maximum as the MGITC adsorbate at the DOPC bilayer interface approaches a saturation value. The experimental adsorption isotherms are fit using the modified Langmuir model to obtain the adsorption free energies, adsorption equilibrium constants, and the adsorbate site densities to the DOPC liposomes both with and without APAP. The addition of APAP is shown to increase MGITC adsorption to the liposome interface, resulting in a larger adsorption equilibrium constant and a higher adsorption site density. The MGITC transport times are also measured, showing that APAP decreases the transport rate across the DOPC liposome bilayer, especially at higher MGITC concentrations. Studying molecular interactions at the colloidal liposome interface using SHG spectroscopy provides a detailed foundation for developing potential liposome-based drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asela
S. Dikkumbura
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Aucoin
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Rasidah O. Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Aliyah Dalier
- Southeastern
Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, United States
| | - Dylan W. Gilbert
- Southeastern
Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, United States
| | - Gerald J. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Louis H. Haber
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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179
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Chandra A, Datta A. A Peptide-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Anionic Phospholipids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10347-10354. [PMID: 35382295 PMCID: PMC8973094 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anionic phospholipids are key cell signal mediators. The distribution of these lipids on the cell membrane and intracellular organelle membranes guides the recruitment of signaling proteins leading to the regulation of cellular processes. Hence, fluorescent sensors that can detect anionic phospholipids within living cells can provide a handle into revealing molecular mechanisms underlying lipid-mediated signal regulation. A major challenge in the detection of anionic phospholipids is related to the presence of these phospholipids mostly in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and in the membranes of intracellular organelles. Hence, cell-permeable sensors would provide an advantage by enabling the rapid detection and tracking of intracellular pools of anionic phospholipids. We have developed a peptide-based, cell-permeable, water-soluble, and ratiometric fluorescent sensor that entered cells within 15 min of incubation via the endosomal machinery and showed punctate labeling in the cytoplasm. The probe could also be introduced into living cells via lipofection, which allows bypassing of endosomal uptake, to image anionic phospholipids in the cell membrane. We validated the ability of the sensor toward detection of intracellular anionic phospholipids by colocalization studies with a fluorescently tagged lipid and a protein-based anionic phospholipid sensor. Further, the sensor could image the externalization of anionic phospholipids during programmed cell death, indicating the ability of the probe toward detection of both intra- and extracellular anionic phospholipids based on the biological context.
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180
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Gao H, He C, Hua R, Guo Y, Wang B, Liang C, Gao L, Shang H, Xu JD. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Gut Enterocyte and Intestinal Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:817392. [PMID: 35402506 PMCID: PMC8988245 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.817392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a vast reticular membranous network from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane responsible for the synthesis, maturation, and trafficking of a wide range of proteins, is considerably sensitive to changes in its luminal homeostasis. The loss of ER luminal homeostasis leads to abnormalities referred to as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, the cell activates an adaptive response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), a mechanism to stabilize ER homeostasis under severe environmental conditions. ER stress has recently been postulated as a disease research breakthrough due to its significant role in multiple vital cellular functions. This has caused numerous reports that ER stress-induced cell dysfunction has been implicated as an essential contributor to the occurrence and development of many diseases, resulting in them targeting the relief of ER stress. This review aims to outline the multiple molecular mechanisms of ER stress that can elucidate ER as an expansive, membrane-enclosed organelle playing a crucial role in numerous cellular functions with evident changes of several cells encountering ER stress. Alongside, we mainly focused on the therapeutic potential of ER stress inhibition in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. To conclude, we reviewed advanced research and highlighted future treatment strategies of ER stress-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Dong Xu,
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181
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Torimoto K, Ueda T, Kasahara M, Hirayama A, Matsushita C, Matsumoto Y, Gotoh D, Nakai Y, Miyake M, Aoki K, Fujimoto K. Identification of diagnostic serum biomarkers for Hunner-type interstitial cystitis. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2022; 14:334-340. [PMID: 35307976 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC) relies on the ability to identify Hunner lesions endoscopically, which can lead to storage symptom misdiagnosis. Here, we examined serum biomarkers for HIC and verified their utility. METHODS Based on the previous definition of the Japanese guidelines, which did not distinguish HIC and non-HIC diseases, we searched for serum biomarkers in 25 patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and 25 control participants using metabolomics during 2013-2014. In 2019, we conducted a validation study in HIC and control groups. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and candidate biomarker concentrations were compared between the groups using Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Metabolomics targeted 678 metabolites and revealed that the levels of 14 lysolipids, seven γ-glutamyl amino acids, and two monoacylglycerols were significantly different between the IC and control groups. The following metabolites were selected from each metabolite category as candidates: 1-linoleoylglycerophosphocholine (1-linoleloyl-GPC [18:2]), γ-glutamylisoleucine (γ-Glu-Ile), and 1-arachidonylglycerol (1-AG). The serum concentrations of 1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2) in the HIC and control groups were 27 920 ± 6261 and 40 360 ± 1514 ng/mL (P = 0.0003), respectively. The serum concentrations of γ-Glu-Ile and 1-AG were not significantly different between the groups. When the cut-off value of 1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2) was set at 28 400 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum 1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2) is a candidate diagnostic biomarker for HIC. Additional studies on whether this biomarker can distinguish HIC from other diseases with high urination frequency are required for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masato Kasahara
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akihide Hirayama
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Chie Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Saiseikai Chuwa Hospital, Sakurai, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Katsuya Aoki
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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182
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Welter AA, Wu WJ, Maurer R, O’Quinn TG, Chao MD, Boyle DL, Geisbrecht ER, Hartson SD, Bowker BC, Zhuang H. An Investigation of the Altered Textural Property in Woody Breast Myopathy Using an Integrative Omics Approach. Front Physiol 2022; 13:860868. [PMID: 35370787 PMCID: PMC8970568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody breast (WB) is a myopathy observed in broiler Pectoralis major (PM) characterized by its tough and rubbery texture with greater level of calcium content. The objective of this study was to investigate the functionality/integrity of WB sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which may contribute to the elevated calcium content observed in WB and other factors that may influence WB texture. Fourteen Ross line broiler PM [7 severe WB and 7 normal (N)] were selected, packaged, and frozen at −20°C at 8 h postmortem from a commercial processing plant. Samples were used to measure pH, sarcomere length, proteolysis, calpain activity, collagenase activity, collagen content, collagen crosslinks density, and connective tissue peak transitional temperature. Exudate was also collected from each sample to evaluate free calcium concentration. The SR fraction of the samples was separated and utilized for proteomic and lipidomic analysis. The WB PM had a higher pH, shorter sarcomeres, lower % of intact troponin-T, more autolyzed μ/m calpain, more activated collagenase, greater collagen content, greater mature collagen crosslinks density, and higher connective tissue peak transitional temperature than the N PM (p ≤ 0.05). Exudate from WB PM had higher levels of free calcium than those from N PM (p < 0.05). Proteomics data revealed an upregulation of calcium transport proteins and a downregulation of proteins responsible for calcium release (p < 0.05) in WB SR. Interestingly, there was an upregulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and cholinesterase exhibited a 7.6-fold increase in WB SR (p < 0.01). Lipidomics data revealed WB SR had less relative % of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and more lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC; p < 0.05). The results indicated that upregulation of calcium transport proteins and downregulation of calcium-release proteins in WB SR may be the muscle’s attempt to regulate this proposed excessive signaling of calcium release due to multiple factors, such as upregulation of PLA2 resulting in PC hydrolysis and presence of cholinesterase inhibitors in the system prolonging action potential. In addition, the textural abnormality of WB may be the combined effects of shorter sarcomere length and more collagen with greater crosslink density being deposited in the broiler PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A. Welter
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Wan Jun Wu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ryan Maurer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Travis G. O’Quinn
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Michael D. Chao
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael D. Chao,
| | - Daniel L. Boyle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University Microscopy Facility, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Steve D. Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Brian C. Bowker
- United States National Poultry Research Center USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hong Zhuang
- United States National Poultry Research Center USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
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Kim M, Nikouee A, Sun Y, Zhang QJ, Liu ZP, Zang QS. Evaluation of Parkin in the Regulation of Myocardial Mitochondria-Associated Membranes and Cardiomyopathy During Endotoxemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:796061. [PMID: 35265609 PMCID: PMC8898903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.796061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial deficiency is a known pathology in sepsis-induced organ failure. We previously found that mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), a subcellular domain supporting mitochondrial status, are impaired in the heart during endotoxemia, suggesting a mechanism of mitochondrial damage occurred in sepsis. Mitophagy pathway via E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) controls mitochondrial quality. Studies described here examined the impact of Parkin on cardiac MAMs and endotoxemia-induced cardiomyopathy. Additionally, point mutation W403A in Parkin was previously identified as a constitutively active mutation in vitro. In vivo effects of forced expression of this mutation were evaluated in the endotoxemia model. Methods: Mice of wild type (WT), Parkin-deficiency (Park2−/−), and knock-in expression of Parkin W402A (human Parkin W403A) were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. In the harvested heart tissue, MAM fractions were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and their amount and function were quantified. Ultrastructure of MAMs and mitochondria was examined by electron microscopy. Mitochondrial respiratory activities were measured by enzyme assays. Myocardial inflammation was estimated by levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Myocardial mitophagy was assessed by levels of mitophagy factors associated with mitochondria and degrees of mitochondria-lysosome co-localization. Parkin activation, signified by phosphorylation on serine 65 of Parkin, was also evaluated. Results: Compared with WT, Park2−/− mice showed more severely impaired cardiac MAMs during endotoxemia, characterized by disrupted structure, reduced quantity, and weakened transporting function. Endotoxemia-induced cardiomyopathy was intensified in Park2−/− mice, shown by worsened cardiac contractility and higher production of IL-6. Mitochondria from the Park2−/− hearts were more deteriorated, indicated by losses in both structural integrity and respiration function. Unexpectedly, mice carrying Parkin W402A showed similar levels of cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial damage when compared with their WT counterparts. Further, Parkin W402A mutation neither enhanced mitophagy nor increased Parkin activation in myocardium under the challenge of endotoxemia. Conclusion: our results suggest that Parkin/PINK1 mitophagy participates in the regulation of cardiac MAMs during endotoxemia. Point mutation W402A (human W403A) in Parkin is not sufficient to alleviate cardiomyopathy induced by endotoxemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kim
- Department of Surgery, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Azadeh Nikouee
- Department of Surgery, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Qing-Jun Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Qun Sophia Zang
- Department of Surgery, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
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184
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Suliman M, Case KC, Schmidtke MW, Lazcano P, Onu CJ, Greenberg ML. Inositol depletion regulates phospholipid metabolism and activates stress signaling in HEK293T cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159137. [PMID: 35247568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inositol plays a significant role in cellular function and signaling. Studies in yeast have demonstrated an "inositol-less death" phenotype, suggesting that inositol is an essential metabolite. In yeast, inositol synthesis is highly regulated, and inositol levels have been shown to be a major metabolic regulator, with its abundance affecting the expression of hundreds of genes. Abnormalities in inositol metabolism have been associated with several human disorders. Despite its importance, very little is known about the regulation of inositol synthesis and the pathways regulated by inositol in human cells. The current study aimed to address this knowledge gap. Knockout of ISYNA1 (encoding myo-inositol-3-P synthase 1) in HEK293T cells generated a human cell line that is deficient in de novo inositol synthesis. ISYNA1-KO cells exhibited inositol-less death when deprived of inositol. Lipidomic analysis identified inositol depletion as a global regulator of phospholipid levels in human cells, including downregulation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and upregulation of the phosphatidylglycerol (PG)/cardiolipin (CL) branch of phospholipid metabolism. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that inositol depletion induced substantial changes in the expression of genes involved in cell signaling, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and genes controlling amino acid transport and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This study provides the first in-depth characterization of the effects of inositol depletion on phospholipid metabolism and gene expression in human cells, establishing an essential role for inositol in maintaining cell viability and regulating cell signaling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Suliman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Kendall C Case
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Chisom J Onu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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185
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Need for more focus on lipid species in studies of biological and model membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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186
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Hu Z, Feng J, Song H, Zhou C, Yang MJ, Shi P, Yu ZL, Guo YJ, Li YR, Zhang T. Metabolic response of Mercenaria mercenaria under heat and hypoxia stress by widely targeted metabolomic approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151172. [PMID: 34710412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global climatic changes, marine organisms have been exposed to environmental stressors including heat and hypoxia. This calls for the design of multi-stressors to uncover the impact of oceanic factors on aquatic organisms. So far, little is known about the metabolic response of marine organisms, especially bivalves, to the combined effects of heat and hypoxia. In this study, we employed widely targeted metabolomic analysis to study the metabolic response of gills in hard clam, a heat- and hypoxia-tolerant bivalve. A total of 810 metabolites were identified. Results showed that the heat group (HT) and heat plus hypoxia group (HL) had a higher number of differential metabolites than the hypoxia group (LO). Glycolysis was affected by the heat and heat plus hypoxia stress. Moreover, anaerobic metabolic biomarkers were accumulated marking the onset of anaerobic metabolism. Environmental stresses may affect Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Accumulation of carnitine and glycerophospholipid may promote fatty acid β oxidation and maintain cell membrane stability, respectively. The high content of oxidized lipids (i.e., Leukotriene) in HL and HT groups implied that the organisms were under ROS stress. The significantly differential metabolites of organic osmolytes and vitamins might relieve ROS stress. Moreover, accumulation of thermoprotective osmolytes (monosaccharide, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)) accumulation was helpful to maintain protein homeostasis. This investigation provided new insights into the adaptation mechanisms of hard clam to heat, hypoxia and combined stress at the metabolite level and highlighted the roles of molecules and protectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei-Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Yu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yong-Jun Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yong-Ren Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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187
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Martín‐Saiz L, Guerrero‐Mauvecin J, Martín‐Sanchez D, Fresnedo O, Gómez MJ, Carrasco S, Cannata‐Ortiz P, Ortiz A, Fernandez JA, Sanz AB. Ferrostatin‐1 modulates dysregulated kidney lipids in acute kidney injury. J Pathol 2022; 257:285-299. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Martín‐Saiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain
| | - Juan Guerrero‐Mauvecin
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology. Research Institute‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Diego Martín‐Sanchez
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology. Research Institute‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain
| | - Manuel J. Gómez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Carrasco
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology. Research Institute‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Cannata‐Ortiz
- Department of Pathology Research Institute ‐ Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology. Research Institute‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- REDINREN Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- IRSIN Madrid Spain
| | - José A. Fernandez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology. Research Institute‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- REDINREN Madrid Spain
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188
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A mouse model of inherited choline kinase β-deficiency presents with specific cardiac abnormalities and a predisposition to arrhythmia. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101716. [PMID: 35151687 PMCID: PMC8913350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The CHKB gene encodes choline kinase β, which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway for the major phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. Homozygous loss-of-function variants in human CHKB are associated with a congenital muscular dystrophy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is present in some CHKB patients and can cause heart failure and death. Mechanisms underlying a cardiac phenotype due to decreased CHKB levels are not well characterized. We determined that there is cardiac hypertrophy in Chkb−/− mice along with a decrease in left ventricle size, internal diameter, and stroke volume compared with wildtype and Chkb+/− mice. Unlike wildtype mice, 60% of the Chkb+/− and all Chkb−/− mice tested displayed arrhythmic events when challenged with isoproterenol. Lipidomic analysis revealed that the major change in lipid level in Chkb+/− and Chkb−/− hearts was an increase in the arrhythmogenic lipid acylcarnitine. An increase in acylcarnitine level is also associated with a defect in the ability of mitochondria to use fatty acids for energy and we observed that mitochondria from Chkb−/− hearts had abnormal cristae and inefficient electron transport chain activity. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone produced by the heart that protects against the development of heart failure including ventricular conduction defects. We determined that there was a decrease in expression of ANP, its receptor NPRA, as well as ventricular conduction system markers in Chkb+/− and Chkb−/− mice.
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189
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Synergetic effect of silver nanoparticles and thiram on lipid bilayers. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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190
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Huang G, Wang L, Li J, Hou R, Wang M, Wang Z, Qu Q, Zhou W, Nie Y, Hu Y, Ma Y, Yan L, Wei H, Wei F. Seasonal shift of the gut microbiome synchronizes host peripheral circadian rhythm for physiological adaptation to a low-fat diet in the giant panda. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110203. [PMID: 35045306 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Characteristics of the gut microbiome vary synchronously with changes in host diet. However, the underlying effects of these fluctuations remain unclear. Here, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of diet-specific feces from an endangered mammal (the giant panda) into a germ-free mouse model. We demonstrated that the butyrate-producing bacterium Clostridium butyricum was more abundant during shoot-eating season than during the leaf-eating season, congruent with the significant increase in host body mass. Following season-specific FMT, the microbiota of the mouse model resembled that of the donor, and mice transplanted with the microbiota from the shoot-eating season grew faster and stored more fat. Mechanistic investigations revealed that butyrate extended the upregulation of hepatic circadian gene Per2, subsequently increasing phospholipid biosynthesis. Validation experiments further confirmed this causal relationship. This study demonstrated that seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome affect growth performance, facilitating a deeper understanding of host-microbe interactions in wild mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Le Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingyue Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenliang Zhou
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yonggang Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yingjie Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fuwen Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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191
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Valentine WJ, Mostafa SA, Tokuoka SM, Hamano F, Inagaki NF, Nordin JZ, Motohashi N, Kita Y, Aoki Y, Shimizu T, Shindou H. Lipidomic Analyses Reveal Specific Alterations of Phosphatidylcholine in Dystrophic Mdx Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 12:698166. [PMID: 35095541 PMCID: PMC8791236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.698166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), lack of dystrophin increases the permeability of myofiber plasma membranes to ions and larger macromolecules, disrupting calcium signaling and leading to progressive muscle wasting. Although the biological origin and meaning are unclear, alterations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) are reported in affected skeletal muscles of patients with DMD that may include higher levels of fatty acid (FA) 18:1 chains and lower levels of FA 18:2 chains, possibly reflected in relatively high levels of PC 34:1 (with 16:0_18:1 chain sets) and low levels of PC 34:2 (with 16:0_18:2 chain sets). Similar PC alterations have been reported to occur in the mdx mouse model of DMD. However, altered ratios of PC 34:1 to PC 34:2 have been variably reported, and we also observed that PC 34:2 levels were nearly equally elevated as PC 34:1 in the affected mdx muscles. We hypothesized that experimental factors that often varied between studies; including muscle types sampled, mouse ages, and mouse diets; may strongly impact the PC alterations detected in dystrophic muscle of mdx mice, especially the PC 34:1 to PC 34:2 ratios. In order to test our hypothesis, we performed comprehensive lipidomic analyses of PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in several muscles (extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, and soleus) and determined the mdx-specific alterations. The alterations in PC 34:1 and PC 34:2 were closely monitored from the neonate period to the adult, and also in mice raised on several diets that varied in their fats. PC 34:1 was naturally high in neonate’s muscle and decreased until age ∼3-weeks (disease onset age), and thereafter remained low in WT muscles but was higher in regenerated mdx muscles. Among the muscle types, soleus showed a distinctive phospholipid pattern with early and diminished mdx alterations. Diet was a major factor to impact PC 34:1/PC 34:2 ratios because mdx-specific alterations of PC 34:2 but not PC 34:1 were strictly dependent on diet. Our study identifies high PC 34:1 as a consistent biochemical feature of regenerated mdx-muscle and indicates nutritional approaches are also effective to modify the phospholipid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Valentine
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- *Correspondence: William J. Valentine,
| | - Sherif A. Mostafa
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suzumi M. Tokuoka
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Fumie Hamano
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Natsuko F. Inagaki
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Joel Z. Nordin
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Norio Motohashi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Yoshitsugu Aoki,
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Hideo Shindou,
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192
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Arora A, Taskinen JH, Olkkonen VM. Coordination of inter-organelle communication and lipid fluxes by OSBP-related proteins. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101146. [PMID: 34999137 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) constitute one of the largest families of lipid-binding/transfer proteins (LTPs) in eukaryotes. The current view is that many of them mediate inter-organelle lipid transfer over membrane contact sites (MCS). The transfer occurs in several cases in a 'counter-current' fashion: A lipid such as cholesterol or phosphatidylserine (PS) is transferred against its concentration gradient driven by transport of a phosphoinositide in the opposite direction. In this way ORPs are envisioned to maintain the distinct organelle lipid compositions, with impacts on multiple organelle functions. However, the functions of ORPs extend beyond lipid homeostasis to regulation of processes such as cell survival, proliferation and migration. Important expanding areas of mammalian ORP research include their roles in viral and bacterial infections, cancers, and neuronal function. The yeast OSBP homologue (Osh) proteins execute multifaceted functions in sterol and glycerophospholipid homeostasis, post-Golgi vesicle transport, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, sphingolipid and target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling, and cell cycle control. These observations identify ORPs as lipid transporters and coordinators of signals with an unforeseen variety of cellular processes. Understanding their activities not only enlightens the biology of the living cell but also allows their employment as targets of new therapeutic approaches for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Arora
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso H Taskinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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193
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Lechasseur A, Mouchiroud M, Tremblay F, Bouffard G, Milad N, Pineault M, Maranda‐Robitaille M, Routhier J, Beaulieu M, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Glycerol contained in vaping liquids affects the liver and aspects of energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15146. [PMID: 35075822 PMCID: PMC8787618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping is increasingly popular among the young and adult population. Vaping liquids contained in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are mainly composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, to which nicotine and flavors are added. Among several biological processes, glycerol is a metabolic substrate used for lipid synthesis in fed state as well as glucose synthesis in fasting state. We aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol e-cigarette aerosol exposure on the aspects of glycerol and glucose homeostasis. Adult and young male and female mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols with glycerol as vaping liquid using an established whole-body exposure system. Mice were exposed acutely (single 2-h exposure) or chronically (2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks). Circulating glycerol and glucose levels were assessed and glycerol as well as glucose tolerance tests were performed. The liver was also investigated to assess changes in the histology, lipid content, inflammation, and stress markers. Lung functions were also assessed as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes controlling the circadian rhythm. Acute exposure to glycerol aerosols generated by an e-cigarette increased circulating glycerol levels in female mice. Increased hepatic triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine concentrations were observed in female mice with no increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase or evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chronic exposure to glycerol e-cigarette aerosols mildly impacted glucose tolerance test in young female and male mice. Fasting glycerol, glucose, and insulin remained unchanged. Increased pulmonary resistance was observed in young male mice. Taken together, this study shows that the glycerol contained in vaping liquids can affect the liver as well as the aspects of glucose and glycerol homeostasis. Additional work is required to translate these observations to humans and determine the biological and potential pathological impacts of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lechasseur
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gabrielle Bouffard
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Maranda‐Robitaille
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
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194
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Hu C, Luo W, Xu J, Han X. RECOGNITION AND AVOIDANCE OF ION SOURCE-GENERATED ARTIFACTS IN LIPIDOMICS ANALYSIS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:15-31. [PMID: 32997818 PMCID: PMC8287896 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid research is attracting more and more attention as various key roles and novel biological functions of lipids have been demonstrated and discovered in the organism. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics approaches are the most powerful and effective tools for analysis of cellular lipidomes with very high sensitivity and specificity. However, the artifacts generated from in-source fragmentation are always present in all kinds of ion sources, even soft ionization techniques (i.e., electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization [MALDI]). These artifacts can cause many problems for lipidomics, especially when the fragment ions correspond to/are isomeric species of other endogenous lipid species in complex biological samples. These commonly observed artifacts could lead to misannotation, false identification, and consequently, incorrect attribution of phenotypes, and will have negative impact on any MS-based lipidomics research including but not limited to biomarker discovery, drug development, etc. Liquid chromatography-MS, shotgun lipidomics, and MALDI-MS imaging are three representative lipidomics approaches in which ion source-generated artifacts are all manifested and are comprehensively summarized in this article. The strategies on how to avoid/reduce the artifacts of in-source fragmentation on lipidomics analysis are also discussed in detail. We believe that with the recognition and avoidance of ion source-generated artifacts, MS-based lipidomics approaches will provide better accuracy on comprehensive analysis of biological samples and will make greater contribution to the research on metabolism and translational/precision medicine (collectively termed functional lipidomics). © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003 China
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229 USA
- Department of Medicine – Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229 USA
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195
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Martín-Guerrero SM, Markovinovic A, Mórotz GM, Salam S, Noble W, Miller CCJ. Targeting ER-Mitochondria Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Frontotemporal Dementia and Related Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:915931. [PMID: 35693938 PMCID: PMC9184680 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.915931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two major neurodegenerative diseases. FTD is the second most common cause of dementia and ALS is the most common form of motor neuron disease. These diseases are now known to be linked. There are no cures or effective treatments for FTD or ALS and so new targets for therapeutic intervention are required but this is hampered by the large number of physiological processes that are damaged in FTD/ALS. Many of these damaged functions are now known to be regulated by signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. This signaling is mediated by "tethering" proteins that serve to recruit ER to mitochondria. One tether strongly associated with FTD/ALS involves an interaction between the ER protein VAPB and the mitochondrial protein PTPIP51. Recent studies have shown that ER-mitochondria signaling is damaged in FTD/ALS and that this involves breaking of the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers. Correcting disrupted tethering may therefore correct many other downstream damaged features of FTD/ALS. Here, we review progress on this topic with particular emphasis on targeting of the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers as a new drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Martín-Guerrero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gábor M Mórotz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaakir Salam
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C J Miller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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196
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He X, Ewing AG. Concentration of stimulant regulates initial exocytotic molecular plasticity at single cells. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1815-1822. [PMID: 35282618 PMCID: PMC8826951 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05278k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-induced synaptic plasticity has been intensively studied, but is not yet well understood. We examined the temporal and concentration effects of exocytotic molecular plasticity during and immediately after chemical stimulation (30 s K+ stimulation) via single cell amperometry. Here the first and the second 15 s event periods from individual event traces were compared. Remarkably, we found that the amount of catecholamine release and release dynamics depend on the stimulant concentration. No changes were observed at 10 mM K+ stimulation, but changes observed at 30 and 50 mM (i.e., potentiation, increased number of molecules) were opposite to those at 100 mM (i.e., depression, decreased number of events), revealing changes in exocytotic plasticity based on the concentration of the stimulant solution. These results show that molecular changes initiating exocytotic plasticity can be regulated by the concentration strength of the stimulant solution. These different effects on early plasticity offer a possible link between stimulation intensity and synaptic (or adrenal) plasticity. Amperometric measurement of exocytosis (SCA) and vesicle content (IVIEC) over 15 s intervals reveals plasticity (none, potentiation, or depression), that is regulated by the concentration of stimulant solution (e.g., 30 s 10, 30, 50, and 100 mM K+).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
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197
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Williams ES, Gneid H, Marshall SR, González MJ, Mandelbaum JA, Busschaert N. A supramolecular host for phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids with antibacterial activity. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:5958-5966. [PMID: 34935024 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids fulfill a variety of important physiological functions, such as energy storage, providing a hydrophobic barrier, and signal transduction. Despite this plethora of biological roles, lipids are rarely considered a potential target for medical applications. Here, we report a set of neutral small molecules that contain boronic acid and urea functionalities to selectively recognize the bacterial lipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The affinity and selectivity was determined using 1H NMR titrations and a liposome-based Alizarin Red S assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined to assess antibacterial activity. The most potent compounds display an association constant with PG in liposomes of at least 5 × 103 M-1, function as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC = 12.5-25 μM), and show little hemolytic activity. Mode of action studies suggest that the boronic acids bind to the headgroup of the PG lipids, which leads to a change in membrane fluidity and ultimately causes membrane depolarization and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot S Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Hassan Gneid
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Sarah R Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Mario J González
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Jorgi A Mandelbaum
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
| | - Nathalie Busschaert
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
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198
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Vial T, Marti G, Missé D, Pompon J. Lipid Interactions Between Flaviviruses and Mosquito Vectors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:763195. [PMID: 34899388 PMCID: PMC8660100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.763195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis (JEV) viruses, threaten a large part of the human populations. In absence of therapeutics and effective vaccines against each flaviviruses, targeting viral metabolic requirements in mosquitoes may hold the key to new intervention strategies. Development of metabolomics in the last decade opened a new field of research: mosquito metabolomics. It is now clear that flaviviruses rely on mosquito lipids, especially phospholipids, for their cellular cycle and propagation. Here, we review the biosyntheses of, biochemical properties of and flaviviral interactions with mosquito phospholipids. Phospholipids are structural lipids with a polar headgroup and apolar acyl chains, enabling the formation of lipid bilayer that form plasma- and endomembranes. Phospholipids are mostly synthesized through the de novo pathway and remodeling cycle. Variations in headgroup and acyl chains influence phospholipid physicochemical properties and consequently the membrane behavior. Flaviviruses interact with cellular membranes at every step of their cellular cycle. Recent evidence demonstrates that flaviviruses reconfigure the phospholipidome in mosquitoes by regulating phospholipid syntheses to increase virus multiplication. Identifying the phospholipids involved and understanding how flaviviruses regulate these in mosquitoes is required to design new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vial
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,UMR 152 PHARMADEV-IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- LRSV (UMR 5546), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Pompon
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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199
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Valentine WJ, Yanagida K, Kawana H, Kono N, Noda NN, Aoki J, Shindou H. Update and nomenclature proposal for mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases which create membrane phospholipid diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101470. [PMID: 34890643 PMCID: PMC8753187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of glycerophospholipid species in cellular membranes is immense and affects various biological functions. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with phospholipase A1/2s enzymes, contribute to this diversity via selective esterification of fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 positions of membrane phospholipids. These enzymes are conserved across all kingdoms, and in mammals four GPATs of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family and at least 14 LPLATs, either of the AGPAT or the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families, have been identified. Here we provide an overview of the biochemical and biological activities of these mammalian enzymes, including their predicted structures, involvements in human diseases, and essential physiological roles as revealed by gene-deficient mice. Recently, the nomenclature used to refer to these enzymes has generated some confusion due to the use of multiple names to refer to the same enzyme and instances of the same name being used to refer to completely different enzymes. Thus, this review proposes a more uniform LPLAT enzyme nomenclature, as well as providing an update of recent advances made in the study of LPLATs, continuing from our JBC mini review in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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200
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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