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Chen J, Brea RJ, Fracassi A, Cho CJ, Wong AM, Salvador-Castell M, Sinha SK, Budin I, Devaraj NK. Rapid Formation of Non-canonical Phospholipid Membranes by Chemoselective Amide-Forming Ligations with Hydroxylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311635. [PMID: 37919232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in methods to generate synthetic lipid membranes as key constituents of artificial cells or to develop new tools for remodeling membranes in living cells. However, the biosynthesis of phospholipids involves elaborate enzymatic pathways that are challenging to reconstitute in vitro. An alternative approach is to use chemical reactions to non-enzymatically generate natural or non-canonical phospholipids de novo. Previous reports have shown that synthetic lipid membranes can be formed in situ using various ligation chemistries, but these methods lack biocompatibility and/or suffer from slow kinetics at physiological pH. Thus, it would be valuable to develop chemoselective strategies for synthesizing phospholipids from water-soluble precursors that are compatible with synthetic or living cells Here, we demonstrate that amide-forming ligations between lipid precursors bearing hydroxylamines and α-ketoacids (KAs) or potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) can be used to prepare non-canonical phospholipids at physiological pH conditions. The generated amide-linked phospholipids spontaneously self-assemble into cell-like micron-sized vesicles similar to natural phospholipid membranes. We show that lipid synthesis using KAT ligation proceeds extremely rapidly, and the high selectivity and biocompatibility of the approach facilitates the in situ synthesis of phospholipids and associated membranes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyue Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christy J Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adrian M Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Bhattacharya A, Tanwar L, Fracassi A, Brea RJ, Salvador-Castell M, Khanal S, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Chemoselective Esterification of Natural and Prebiotic 1,2-Amino Alcohol Amphiphiles in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27149-27159. [PMID: 38039527 PMCID: PMC10722506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In cells, a vast number of membrane lipids are formed by the enzymatic O-acylation of polar head groups with acylating agents such as fatty acyl-CoAs. Although such ester-containing lipids appear to be a requirement for life on earth, it is unclear if similar types of lipids could have spontaneously formed in the absence of enzymatic machinery at the origin of life. There are few examples of enzyme-free esterification of amphiphiles in water and none that can occur in water at physiological pH using biochemically relevant acylating agents. Here we report the unexpected chemoselective O-acylation of 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles in water directed by Cu(II) and several other transition metal ions. In buffers containing Cu(II) ions, mixing biological 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles such as sphingosylphosphorylcholine with biochemically relevant acylating agents, namely, acyl adenylates and acyl-CoAs, leads to the formation of the O-acylation product with high selectivity. The resulting O-acylated sphingolipids self-assemble into vesicles with markedly different biophysical properties than those formed from their N-acyl counterparts. We also demonstrate that Cu(II) can direct the O-acylation of alternative 1,2-amino alcohols, including prebiotically relevant 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles, suggesting that simple mechanisms for aqueous esterification may have been prevalent on earth before the evolution of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lalita Tanwar
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic
Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións
Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade
da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Satyam Khanal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Thirusangu VP, Sinha SK. Characteristics of ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential in healthy adults. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:1359-1367. [PMID: 36694985 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterise the ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential using clicks and 500 Hz tone burst stimuli in healthy adults. METHOD Masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential was recorded from 20 healthy participants aged 19-28 years (11 males and 9 females). Masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential was recorded using 500 Hz tone burst and click stimuli in ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral modes. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed between ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation for p11 latency, n21 latency and p11-n21 amplitude for both click and 500 Hz tone burst stimuli. The amplitude of the p11-n21 complex was higher for ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral stimulations for 500 Hz tone burst than for click stimulus. CONCLUSION This study showed a significant difference for p11-n21 amplitude between click and 500 Hz tone burst evoked masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential. In addition, bilateral stimulation elicited a larger response than ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Thirusangu
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
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4
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Speer D, Salvador-Castell M, Huang Y, Liu GY, Sinha SK, Parikh AN. Surfactant-Mediated Structural Modulations to Planar, Amphiphilic Multilamellar Stacks. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7497-7508. [PMID: 37584633 PMCID: PMC10476200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic effect, a ubiquitous process in biology, is a primary thermodynamic driver of amphiphilic self-assembly. It leads to the formation of unique morphologies including two highly important classes of lamellar and micellar mesophases. The interactions between these two types of structures and their involved components have garnered significant interest because of their importance in key biochemical technologies related to the isolation, purification, and reconstitution of membrane proteins. This work investigates the structural organization of mixtures of the lamellar-forming phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and two zwitterionic micelle-forming surfactants, being n-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (Zwittergent 3-12 or DDAPS) and 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (O-Lyso-PC), when assembled by water vapor hydration with X-ray diffraction measurements, brightfield optical microscopy, wide-field fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results reveal that multilamellar mesophases of these mixtures can be assembled across a wide range of POPC to surfactant (POPC:surfactant) concentration ratios, including ratios far surpassing the classical detergent-saturation limit of POPC bilayers without significant morphological disruptions to the lamellar motif. The mixed mesophases generally decreased in lamellar spacing (D) and headgroup-to-headgroup distance (Dhh) with a higher concentration of the doped surfactant, but trends in water layer thickness (Dw) between each bilayer in the stack are highly variable. Further structural characteristics including mesophase topography, bilayer thickness, and lamellar rupture force were revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), exhibiting homogeneous multilamellar stacks with no significant physical differences with changes in the surfactant concentration within the mesophases. Taken together, the outcomes present the assembly of unanticipated and highly unique mixed mesophases with varied structural trends from the involved surfactant and lipidic components. Modulations in their structural properties can be attributed to the surfactant's chemical specificity in relation to POPC, such as the headgroup hydration and the hydrophobic chain tail mismatch. Taken together, our results illustrate how specific chemical complexities of surfactant-lipid interactions can alter the morphologies of mixed mesophases and thereby alter the kinetic pathways by which surfactants dissolve lipid mesophases in bulk aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
J. Speer
- Chemistry
Graduate Group, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuqi Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Atul N. Parikh
- Chemistry
Graduate Group, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Davis, One
Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Yang Y, Sinha SK. Three-dimensional imaging using coherent x rays at grazing incidence geometry. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023; 40:1500-1506. [PMID: 37707105 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.487448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a three-dimensional coherent diffraction imaging algorithm to retrieve phases of diffraction patterns of samples in grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering experiments. The algorithm interprets the diffraction patterns using the distorted-wave Born approximation instead of the Born approximation, as in this case, the existence of a reflected beam from the substrate causes the diffraction pattern to deviate significantly from the simple Fourier transform of the object. Detailed computer simulations show that the algorithm works. Verification with real experiments is planned.
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Heil CM, Patil A, Vanthournout B, Singla S, Bleuel M, Song JJ, Hu Z, Gianneschi NC, Shawkey MD, Sinha SK, Jayaraman A, Dhinojwala A. Mechanism of structural colors in binary mixtures of nanoparticle-based supraballs. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf2859. [PMID: 37235651 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by structural colors in avian species, various synthetic strategies have been developed to produce noniridescent, saturated colors using nanoparticle assemblies. Nanoparticle mixtures varying in particle chemistry and size have additional emergent properties that affect the color produced. For complex multicomponent systems, understanding the assembled structure and a robust optical modeling tool can empower scientists to identify structure-color relationships and fabricate designer materials with tailored color. Here, we demonstrate how we can reconstruct the assembled structure from small-angle scattering measurements using the computational reverse-engineering analysis for scattering experiments method and use the reconstructed structure in finite-difference time-domain calculations to predict color. We successfully, quantitatively predict experimentally observed color in mixtures containing strongly absorbing nanoparticles and demonstrate the influence of a single layer of segregated nanoparticles on color produced. The versatile computational approach that we present is useful for engineering synthetic materials with desired colors without laborious trial-and-error experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Heil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Anvay Patil
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Bram Vanthournout
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Saranshu Singla
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Markus Bleuel
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, 4418 Stadium Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jing-Jin Song
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
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7
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Fracassi A, Podolsky KA, Pandey S, Xu C, Hutchings J, Seifert S, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Characterizing the Self-Assembly Properties of Monoolein Lipid Isosteres. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1771-1779. [PMID: 36795462 PMCID: PMC9986874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Living cells feature lipid compartments which exhibit a variety of shapes and structures that assist essential cellular processes. Many natural cell compartments frequently adopt convoluted nonlamellar lipid architectures that facilitate specific biological reactions. Improved methods for controlling the structural organization of artificial model membranes would facilitate investigations into how membrane morphology affects biological functions. Monoolein (MO) is a single-chain amphiphile which forms nonlamellar lipid phases in aqueous solution and has wide applications in nanomaterial development, the food industry, drug delivery, and protein crystallization. However, even if MO has been extensively studied, simple isosteres of MO, while readily accessible, have seen limited characterization. An improved understanding of how relatively minor changes in lipid chemical structure affect self-assembly and membrane topology could instruct the construction of artificial cells and organelles for modeling biological structures and facilitate nanomaterial-based applications. Here, we investigate the differences in self-assembly and large-scale organization between MO and two MO lipid isosteres. We show that replacing the ester linkage between the hydrophilic headgroup and hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain with a thioesther or amide functional group results in the assembly of lipid structures with different phases not resembling those formed by MO. Using light and cryo-electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and infrared spectroscopy, we demonstrate differences in the molecular ordering and large-scale architectures of the self-assembled structures made from MO and its isosteric analogues. These results improve our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of lipid mesophase assembly and may facilitate the development of MO-based materials for biomedicine and as model lipid compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Kira A Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Sudip Pandey
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, Texas78712-1224, United States
| | - Joshua Hutchings
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Carlos R Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, Texas78712-1224, United States
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California92093, United States
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8
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Barik S, Garg V, Sinha SK, Chaudhary S, Kandwal P, Singh V. A Meta-Analysis on Comparison of Open vs Closed Reduction of Gartland Type 3 Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2023; 90:198-205. [PMID: 37395427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Although there are numerous studies on outcomes and comparison of open and closed reduction but there is no clarity on relationship between outcomes and complications with type of surgical intervention done for Type 3 Gartland supracondylar humerus fracture. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes and complications of closed vs open reduction in Type 3 Gartland supracondylar humerus fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic literature searches of Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was conducted in February 2022 using the terms "supracondylar", "humerus", "fracture", "Gartland type 3" and synonymous. The data extracted included the study details, demographic data, procedure performed, final functional and cosmetic outcome according to Flynn criteria and complications of included studies. RESULTS Pooled data analysis revealed no significant difference in mean satisfactory outcome rate according to Flynn cosmetic criteria in open group (97%, 95% CI 95.5%-98.5%), as compared to closed group (97.5%, 95% CI 96.3%-98.7%), although a statistically significant difference in mean satisfactory rate according to Flynn functional criteria in open group (93.4%, 95% CI 90.8%- 96.1%) as compared to closed group (98.5%, 95% CI 97.5%-99.4%) was noted. On separate comparison of the two-arm studies, closed reduction favoured better functional outcomes (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation have better functional outcome than open reduction with K-wire fixation. But there was no significant difference in cosmetic outcomes, overall complication rate and nerve injury with either open or closed reduction. The threshold of converting a closed reduction to an open reduction in supracondylar humerus fractures of children should be high. Key words: supracondylar humerus, open reduction, percutaneous pinning, Flynn criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barik
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - V Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - P Kandwal
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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9
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Boyle B, Love CJ, Marine JE, Chrispin J, Barth AS, Rickard JW, Spragg DD, Berger R, Calkins H, Sinha SK. Radiographic Identification of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Manufacturer: Smartphone Pacemaker-ID Application Versus X-ray Logo. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2022; 13:5104-5110. [PMID: 36072446 PMCID: PMC9436398 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2022.130803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiographic identification of the cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) manufacturer facilitates urgent interrogation of an unknown CIED. In the past, we relied on visualizing a manufacturer-specific X-ray logo. Recently, a free smartphone application ("Pacemaker-ID") was made available. A photograph of a chest X-ray was subjected to an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that uses manufacturer characteristics (canister shape, battery design) for identification. We sought to externally validate the accuracy of this smartphone application as a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool, compare on-axis to off-axis photo accuracy, and compare it to X-ray logo visualization for manufacturer identification. We reviewed operative reports and chest X-rays in 156 pacemaker and 144 defibrillator patients to visualize X-ray logos and to test the application with 3 standard (on-axis) and 4 non-standard (off-axis) photos (20° cranial; caudal, leftward, and rightward). Contingency tables were created and chi-squared analyses (P < .05) were completed for manufacturer and CIED type. The accuracy of the application was 91.7% and 86.3% with single and serial application(s), respectively; 80.7% with off-axis photos; and helpful for all manufacturers (range, 85.4%-96.6%). Overall, the application proved superior to the X-ray logo, visualized in 56% overall (P < .0001) but varied significantly by manufacturer (range, 7.7%-94.8%; P < .00001). The accuracy of the Pacemaker-ID application is consistent with reports from its creators and superior to X-ray logo visualization. The accuracy of the application as a POC tool can be enhanced and maintained with further AI training using recent CIED models. Some manufacturers can enhance their X-ray logos by improving placement and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Boyle
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J. Love
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph E. Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreas S. Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John W. Rickard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David D. Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Address correspondence to: Sunil K. Sinha, MD, FACC, FHRS, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Halsted 502, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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10
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Assefa TA, Seaberg MH, Reid AH, Shen L, Esposito V, Dakovski GL, Schlotter W, Holladay B, Streubel R, Montoya SA, Hart P, Nakahara K, Moeller S, Kevan SD, Fischer P, Fullerton EE, Colocho W, Lutman A, Decker FJ, Sinha SK, Roy S, Blackburn E, Turner JJ. The fluctuation-dissipation measurement instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:083902. [PMID: 36050107 DOI: 10.1063/5.0091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has inspired novel methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. For closely spaced x-ray pulses that can be varied on ultrafast time scales, we have constructed a pair of advanced instruments to conduct studies targeting quantum materials. We first describe a prototype instrument built to test the proof-of-principle of resonant magnetic scattering using ultrafast pulse pairs. This is followed by a description of a new endstation, the so-called fluctuation-dissipation measurement instrument, which was used to carry out studies with a fast area detector. In addition, we describe various types of diagnostics for single-shot contrast measurements, which can be used to normalize data on a pulse-by-pulse basis and calibrate pulse amplitude ratios, both of which are important for the study of fluctuations in materials. Furthermore, we present some new results using the instrument that demonstrates access to higher momentum resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Assefa
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M H Seaberg
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - A H Reid
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - L Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - V Esposito
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - W Schlotter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - B Holladay
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - R Streubel
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - S A Montoya
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - P Hart
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - K Nakahara
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S D Kevan
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97401, USA
| | - P Fischer
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - W Colocho
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lutman
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - F-J Decker
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Blackburn
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J J Turner
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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11
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Flores J, Brea RJ, Lamas A, Fracassi A, Salvador-Castell M, Xu C, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water-Soluble Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200549. [PMID: 35546783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes define the boundaries of life and primarily consist of phospholipids. Living organisms assemble phospholipids by enzymatically coupling two hydrophobic tails to a soluble polar head group. Previous studies have taken advantage of micellar assembly to couple single-chain precursors, forming non-canonical phospholipids. However, biomimetic nonenzymatic coupling of two alkyl tails to a polar head-group remains challenging, likely due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the initial coupling step. Here we demonstrate rapid de novo formation of biomimetic liposomes in water using dual oxime bond formation between two alkyl chains and a phosphocholine head group. Membranes can be generated from non-amphiphilic, water-soluble precursors at physiological conditions using micromolar concentrations of precursors. We demonstrate that functional membrane proteins can be reconstituted into synthetic oxime liposomes from bacterial extracts in the absence of detergent-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lamas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Carlos R Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Flores J, Brea RJ, Lamas A, Fracassi A, Salvador‐Castell M, Xu C, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water‐Soluble Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña Rúa As Carballeiras 15701 A Coruña Spain
| | - Alejandro Lamas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Marta Salvador‐Castell
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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13
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Sinha SK, Ezeh EO, Marine JE. Post-Mortem Pacemaker Reuse: Charity for Most but not All. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:481-482. [PMID: 35040505 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ebubechukwu O Ezeh
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Moinpour M, Fracassi A, Brea RJ, Salvador-Castell M, Pandey S, Edwards MM, Seifert S, Joseph S, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Controlling Protein Enrichment in Lipid Sponge Phase Droplets using SNAP-tag Bioconjugation. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100624. [PMID: 34936727 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
All cells use organized lipid compartments to facilitate specific biological functions. Membrane-bound organelles create defined spatial environments that favor unique chemical reactions while isolating incompatible biological processes. Despite the fundamental role of cellular organelles, there is a scarcity of methods for preparing functional artificial lipid-based compartments. Here, we demonstrate a robust bioconjugation system for sequestering proteins into zwitterionic lipid sponge phase droplets. Incorporation of benzylguanine (BG)-modified phospholipids that form stable covalent linkages with an O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (SNAP-tag) fusion protein enables programmable control of protein capture. We show that this methodology can be used to anchor hydrophilic proteins at the lipid-aqueous interface, concentrating them within an accessible but protected chemical environment. SNAP-tag technology enables the integration of proteins that regulate complex biological functions in lipid sponge phase droplets, and should facilitate the development of advanced lipid-based artificial organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Moinpour
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Roberto J Brea
- University of A Coruna: Universidade da Coruna, Chemistry, SPAIN
| | | | - Sudip Pandey
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Physics, UNITED STATES
| | - Madison M Edwards
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Soenke Seifert
- Argonne National Laboratory, Xray science division, UNITED STATES
| | - Simpson Joseph
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Physics, UNITED STATES
| | - Neal Krishna Devaraj
- University of California, San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, Urey Hall 4120, 92093, La Jolla, UNITED STATES
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15
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Gyenes M, Wang IY, Sinha SK. Assessing and Managing Unintentional Weight Loss: A Global Survey of Geriatrician Practice and Their Use of Ice Cream to Address It. J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:350-356. [PMID: 34549250 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unintentional weight loss (UIWL) is common among older adults but lacks standardized methods for its diagnosis and management. With a limited understanding on how geriatricians actually address UIWL, we conducted a survey to examine how they diagnose and manage it, and their opinions regarding the use of ice cream to address it. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An international descriptive, cross-sectional, online survey conducted over a 16-week period in 2019 involving 1131 geriatricians in clinical practice across 51 countries. MEASUREMENTS We collected information around respondent demographics, use of screening tools and diagnostic investigations, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to address UIWL. RESULTS 89.1% of respondents reported frequently seeing UIWL. The most common methods reportedly used to evaluate UIWL were performing a comprehensive history and physical examination (97.4%) and assessing for cognitive impairment (86.5%). 74.2% noted that they routinely prescribed oral nutritional supplements and 71.6% involved non-medical professional(s) to help manage UIWL. While 50.4% reported recommending ice cream to their patients with UIWL, only 30.6% reported being aware of other colleagues recommending it. Geriatricians in practice for 30+ years were significantly more likely to recommend ice cream (P < 0.05). A thematic analysis of qualitative responses identified that prescribing ice cream tended to align both with patient preferences and socio-economic realities. CONCLUSION While a majority of geriatricians surveyed routinely prescribe ONS and involve others to manage UIWL, at least half are also recommending ice cream. A key practice amongst experienced geriatricians, the use of ice cream could be better acknowledged as a practical and cost-effective way to address UIWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gyenes
- Michelle Gyenes, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland, , @michellegyenes; Samir Sinha, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Sinai Health System and the University Health Network, Toronto, Canada, @DrSamirSinha
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16
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Aggarwal P, Rekwal L, Sinha SK, Nath RK, Khanra D, Singh AP. Predictors of no-reflow phenomenon following percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2021; 70:136-142. [PMID: 33962782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a complex issue with serious outcomes. Multiple studies have studied predictors of no-reflow during primary PCI, but data on patients with the late presentation is sparse, which constitutes the majority of patients in peripheral centers. This study aimed to determine predictors of no-reflow during PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 7 days. METHODS It was a single-center prospective case-control study performed at a tertiary care center and included 958 patients with STEMI who underwent PCI within 7 days of symptom onset. Baseline and angiographic data of patients undergoing PCI were recorded and patients divided into reflow and no-reflow group. RESULTS Of 958 who underwent PCI, 182 (18.9%) showed no-reflow by myocardial blush grade (MBG)<2. No-reflow group had a higher mean age (66.46±10.71 vs. 61.36±9.94 years), lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) on admission (100.61±26.66 vs. 112.23±24.35, P<0.0001), a higher level of peak Troponin I level (9.37±2.81 vs. 7.66±3.11ng/dL, P<0.0001), low left ventricular ejection fraction (36.71±3.89 vs. 39.58±4.28% respectively P<0.0001). Among angiographic data and procedural features, multivariable logistic regression analysis identified that advanced age, reperfusion time>6hours, SBP<100mmHg on admission, functional status of Killip class for heart failure≥3, lower EF (≤35%), low initial myocardial blush grade (≤1) before PCI, long target lesion length, larger reference diameter of vessel (>3.5mm) and high thrombus burden on angiography were found to be independent predictors of no-reflow (P<0.05). CONCLUSION No-reflow phenomenon after PCI for STEMI is complex and multifactorial and can be identified by simple clinical, angiographic, and procedural features. Preprocedural characters of the lesion and early perfusion decides the fate of the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aggarwal
- ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - L Rekwal
- LPS Institute of Cardiology, Kanpur, India.
| | - S K Sinha
- LPS Institute of Cardiology, Kanpur, India.
| | - R K Nath
- ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - A P Singh
- ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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17
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Bakshi S, Kaur M, Saini N, Mir AA, Duseja A, Sinha SK, Sharma S. Altered expressions of circulating microRNAs 122 and 192 during antitubercular drug induced liver injury indicating their role as potential biomarkers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1474-1484. [PMID: 33729026 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121997975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug induced liver toxicity is a serious health complication leading to high mortality rates and post marketing withdrawal of drugs. Although considered to be the gold standard biomarkers; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase have been found to have specificities beyond liver, therefore more specific and predictive markers for the detection of antitubercular drug mediated liver damage are required. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of currently used first line antitubercular drugs namely isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide is often accompanied with liver injury, impeding the cure of patients. Keeping in view, the prognostic and diagnostic applications of microRNAs in various diseases, we tried to assess the importance of microRNAs 122 and 192 in antitubercular drug associated liver injuries. The study included subjects having tuberculosis of any type with antitubercular drug induced liver injury; naïve or newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients, tuberculosis patients on drugs not having toxicity and healthy controls. Observations from this study revealed that expression levels of miR-122 and miR-192 were significantly decreased in the serum of antitubercular drug induced liver injury patients only. Therefore, these microRNAs or the pathways associated with them can be used as a tool to predict or cure antitubercular drug associated liver injury in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bakshi
- Department of Biochemistry, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A A Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Gasteroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, 29751Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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18
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Singh AK, Zameer A, Sood R, Verma S, Samanta J, Bal A, Sinha SK, Kochhar R. Chronic diarrhea with white colon: primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. QJM 2020; 113:886-887. [PMID: 32330275 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Sood
- Department of Pathology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - S Verma
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | | | - A Bal
- Department of Pathology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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19
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Bhattacharya A, Niederholtmeyer H, Podolsky KA, Bhattacharya R, Song JJ, Brea RJ, Tsai CH, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Lipid sponge droplets as programmable synthetic organelles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18206-18215. [PMID: 32694212 PMCID: PMC7414067 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004408117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Living cells segregate molecules and reactions in various subcellular compartments known as organelles. Spatial organization is likely essential for expanding the biochemical functions of synthetic reaction systems, including artificial cells. Many studies have attempted to mimic organelle functions using lamellar membrane-bound vesicles. However, vesicles typically suffer from highly limited transport across the membranes and an inability to mimic the dense membrane networks typically found in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we describe programmable synthetic organelles based on highly stable nonlamellar sponge phase droplets that spontaneously assemble from a single-chain galactolipid and nonionic detergents. Due to their nanoporous structure, lipid sponge droplets readily exchange materials with the surrounding environment. In addition, the sponge phase contains a dense network of lipid bilayers and nanometric aqueous channels, which allows different classes of molecules to partition based on their size, polarity, and specific binding motifs. The sequestration of biologically relevant macromolecules can be programmed by the addition of suitably functionalized amphiphiles to the droplets. We demonstrate that droplets can harbor functional soluble and transmembrane proteins, allowing for the colocalization and concentration of enzymes and substrates to enhance reaction rates. Droplets protect bound proteins from proteases, and these interactions can be engineered to be reversible and optically controlled. Our results show that lipid sponge droplets permit the facile integration of membrane-rich environments and self-assembling spatial organization with biochemical reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Henrike Niederholtmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kira A Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rupak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jing-Jin Song
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Chu-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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20
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Akinyele B, Marine JE, Love C, Crawford TC, Chrispin J, Vlay SC, Spragg DD, Eagle KA, Berger RD, Calkins H, Tomaselli GF, Sinha SK. Unregulated online sales of cardiac implantable electronic devices in the United States: A six-month assessment. Heart Rhythm O2 2020; 1:235-238. [PMID: 34113877 PMCID: PMC8183896 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An estimated 1 million patients require cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) but go without annually. This disparity exists in low-to-middle-income nations largely owing to the cost of CIED hardware. Humanitarian reuse of CIEDs has been shown to be safe and feasible. However, recent publications have raised concern that promotion of CIED reuse may foster a CIED “black market,” to the dismay of manufacturers, regulators, and clinicians alike. Objective To determine if unregulated CIED sales for potential human use is a real issue by investigating unregulated public online CIED sale listings in the United States of America. Methods An observational study was undertaken over 6 months using multiple internet search engines from May 1 to November 1, 2019. We cataloged usable CIEDs (still in packaging, manufactured <7 years) and pricing. Manufacturers were contacted to determine status of sellers and unregulated CIEDs using model/serial numbers. Results In total, 58 CIEDs—47 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and 11 permanent pacemakers—from 4 manufacturers were listed for sale on 3 websites. During the study period, 8 of 11 pacemakers and 37 of 47 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were sold (price range: $100–$1500 [US dollars]). No new listings were seen in the last 3 months of observation, possibly owing to concomitant industry investigation. Conclusion There does exist a public online market for unregulated CIED sales in the United States. This specific market seems to be small and unlikely to significantly expand with active monitoring by manufacturers and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolanle Akinyele
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles Love
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas C Crawford
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen C Vlay
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kim A Eagle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ronald D Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Sinha SK, Akinyele B, Spragg DD, Marine JE, Berger R, Calkins H, Love CJ. Managing cardiac implantable electronic device patients during a health care crisis: Practical guidance. Heart Rhythm O2 2020; 1:222-226. [PMID: 32835317 PMCID: PMC7235588 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our world is faced with a global pandemic that threatens to overwhelm many national health care systems for a prolonged period. Consequently, the elective long-term cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) management of millions of patients is potentially compromised, raising the likelihood of patients experiencing major adverse events owing to loss of CIED therapy. This review gives practical guidance to health care providers to help promptly recognize the requirement for expert consultation for urgent interrogation and/or surgery in CIED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bolanle Akinyele
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronald Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles J Love
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Singh AK, Samanta J, Kochhar R, Sinha SK. Tuberculosis and nodular calcifications in the spleen. QJM 2020; 113:135-136. [PMID: 31198937 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - J Samanta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - R Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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23
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George R, Padalia H, Sinha SK, Kumar AS. Evaluating sensitivity of hyperspectral indices for estimating mangrove chlorophyll in Middle Andaman Island, India. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 191:785. [PMID: 31989307 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are the highly productive and extensive ecosystem in the tropical coasts. Chlorophyll is the key foliar determinant of mangrove productivity. Optical characteristics of mangrove markedly differ from land vegetation; hence, defining narrowband spectral indices most sensitive to mangrove chlorophyll is crucial, in view of their importance to the coastal environment and mounting biotic pressures. We assessed the sensitivity of a set of satellite hyperspectral remote sensing indices to mangrove canopy chlorophyll in Middle Andaman Island, India, and propose most robust spectral indices for mangrove chlorophyll estimation. We generated simple, modified simple, normalized difference vegetation, and non-linear indices from all possible two band combinations of EO-1 Hyperion bands in the 500-900 nm spectral range. The strength of correlation between each pair of spectral indices to mangrove chlorophyll was analyzed in 2D correlograms and validated using k-fold cross-validation technique. Results show that 549 nm, 559 nm (green) and 702 nm, 722 nm, 742 nm, and 763 nm (red-edge) wavelengths are the most sensitive to mangrove chlorophyll. We report performance of traditional chlorophyll indices and new indices with higher predictive capability for mangrove chlorophyll prediction. Simple ratio (559 nm/885 nm) offered the strongest correlation with mangrove chlorophyll (R2-0.75, RMSE-0.60, p < 0.05). Study findings will help researchers in deciding suitable chlorophyll indices for mangrove productivity and stress assessment. The best calibrated index was used to prepare mangrove chlorophyll spatial variability map of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajee George
- Department of Environment and Forests, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744102, India.
| | - Hitendra Padalia
- Forestry and Ecology Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4-Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Forestry and Ecology Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4-Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - A Senthil Kumar
- Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Campus, 4-Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248001, India
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Carlson D, Marine JE, Love CJ, Chrispin J, Barth AS, Rickard JJ, Spragg DD, Berger R, Calkins H, Tomaselli GF, Sinha SK. Electrocardiographic predictors of pacemaker battery depletion: Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and clinical risk. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2019; 43:2-9. [PMID: 31691986 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pacemaker battery depletion triggers alert for replacement notification and results in automatic reprogramming, which has been shown to be associated with relevant cardiorespiratory symptoms and adverse clinical events. OBJECTIVE Determine if electrocardiogram (ECG) pacing features may be predictive of pacemaker battery depletion and clinical risk. METHODS This is an ECG substudy of a cohort analysis of 298 subjects referred for pacemaker generator replacement from 2006 to 2017. Electronic medical record review was performed; clinical, ECG, and pacemaker characteristics were abstracted. We applied two ECG prediction rules for pacemaker battery depletion that are relevant to all major pacemaker manufacturers except Boston Scientific and MicroPort: (1) atrial pacing not at a multiple of 10 and (2) nonsynchronous ventricular pacing not at a multiple of 10, to determine diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and risk in applicable ECG subjects. RESULTS We excluded 32 subjects not at replacement notification or duplicate surgeries. Overall, 176 of 266 subjects (66.2%) demonstrated atrial pacing or nonsynchronous ventricular pacing on preoperative ECG. When utilizing both rules, 139 of 176 preoperative ECGs and 12 of 163 postoperative ECGs met criteria for battery depletion yielding reasonable sensitivity (79.0%), high specificity (92.6%), and a positive likelihood ratio of 11.6:1. These rules were associated with significant increase in cardiorespiratory symptoms (P < .001) and adverse clinical events (P < .025). CONCLUSIONS The "Rules of Ten" provided reasonable sensitivity and specificity for detecting replacement notification in pacemaker subjects with an applicable ECG. This ECG tool may help clinicians identify most patients with pacemaker battery depletion at significant clinical risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carlson
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles J Love
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andreas S Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Jack Rickard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronald Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Goff ZD, Laczay B, Yenokyan G, Sivasambu B, Sinha SK, Marine JE, Ashikaga H, Berger RD, Akhtar T, Spragg DD, Calkins H. Heart rate increase after pulmonary vein isolation predicts freedom from atrial fibrillation at 1 year. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:2818-2822. [PMID: 31670430 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ablation of atrial vagal ganglia has been associated with improved pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) outcomes. Disruption of vagal reflexes results in heart rate (HR) increase. We investigated the association between HR change after PVI and freedom from atrial fibrillation (AF) at 1 year. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients who underwent PVI for paroxysmal AF were identified from the Johns Hopkins Hospital AF registry. Electrocardiograms taken pre-PVI and post-PVI were used to determine the change in HR. Patients followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. Of 257 patients (66% male, age 59+/-11 years), 134 (52%) remained free from AF at 1 year. The average HR increased from 60.6 ± 11.3 beats per minute (bpm) pre-PVI to 70.7 ± 12.0 bpm post-PVI. Patients with recurrence of AF had lower post-PVI HR than those who remained free from AF (67.8 ± 0.2 vs 73.3 ± 13.0 bpm; P <.001). The probability of AF recurrence at 1-year decreased as the change in HR increased (estimated odds ratio [OR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.74-0.93]; P = .002). HR increase more than 15 bpm was associated with the lowest odds of AF recurrence (estimated OR, 0.39; 95% [0.17-0.85]; P = .018) compared to HR decrease. CONCLUSIONS Resting HR was found to increase after PVI. Increase in HR more than 15 bpm has a positive association with remaining free from atrial fibrillation at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary D Goff
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Balint Laczay
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hiroshi Ashikaga
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ron D Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tauseef Akhtar
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Siddiqui NA, Pandey K, R Das VN, Sinha SK, Verma RB, Lal CS, Ali V, Topno RK, Dikhit MR, Das P. Magnitude of unreported kala-azar cases in a highly endemic district of Bihar, India: A positive impact of Indian elimination programme. J Vector Borne Dis 2019; 56:315-322. [PMID: 33269731 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.302034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES In India, kala-azar surveillance is weak and no public-private partnership exists for disease containment. Estimate of disease burden is not reliably available and still cases are going to private providers for the treatment. The present study aimed to assess the magnitude of kala-azar cases actually detected and managed at private set-up and unreported to existing health management information system. METHODS Institution based cross-sectional prospective pilot study was conducted. List of facilities was created with the help of key informants. The information about incidence of kala-azar cases were captured on monthly basis from July 2010 to June 2011. Rapid diagnostic strip test (rk-39) or bone marrow/splenic puncture were applied as laboratory methods for the diagnosis of kala-azar. Descriptive statistics as well as chi-square test for comparison between proportions was conducted. RESULTS Overall availability of private practitioners (PPs) was 4.59/1,00,000 population and maximum PPs (46; 93.9%) were from qualified category. The median years of medical practice was 25 yr (inter quartile-range [18, 28]). Interestingly, only a small proportion (240; 19%) of cases was managed by PPs. Amongst the PPs, only low proportion (32; 18.2%) managed >2 cases per month. The mean number of kala-azar suspects and cases identified varied significantly between different PPs' professions with p <0.048 and p <0.032, respectively. A highly significant difference (p <0.0001) was observed for kala-azar case load between qualified and unqualified practitioners. A small proportion (38; 15.8%) of kala-azar cases was not present in the public health system record. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Still sizeable proportions of cases are going to PPs and unrecorded into government surveillance system. A mechanism need to be devised to involve at least qualified PPs in order to reduce treatment delay and increase case detection in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Siddiqui
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - K Pandey
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - V N R Das
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S K Sinha
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - R B Verma
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - C S Lal
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - V Ali
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - R K Topno
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - M R Dikhit
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - P Das
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Adarsh MB, Dogra S, Vaiphei K, Vaishnavi C, Sinha SK, Sharma A. Evaluation of subclinical gut inflammation using faecal calprotectin levels and colonic mucosal biopsy in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:401-402. [PMID: 30729502 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M B Adarsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - K Vaiphei
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - C Vaishnavi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Bhattacharya A, Brea RJ, Song JJ, Bhattacharya R, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Single-Chain β-d-Glycopyranosylamides of Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Self-Assembly Properties and Applications to Artificial Cell Development. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3711-3720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jing-Jin Song
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rupak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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29
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Sandhu GS, Gupta P, Yadav TD, Sinha SK. A rare complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2019; 82:339. [PMID: 31314203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G S Sandhu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Gupta
- Section of Radiology (Department of Gastroenterology), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - T D Yadav
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Section of Radiology (Department of Gastroenterology), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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30
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Song JJ, Bhattacharya R, Kim H, Chang J, Tang TY, Guo H, Ghosh SK, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Kim H, Russell TP, Arya G, Narayanan S, Sinha SK. One-Dimensional Anomalous Diffusion of Gold Nanoparticles in a Polymer Melt. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:107802. [PMID: 30932658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.107802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dynamics of polymer-grafted gold nanoparticles loaded into polymer melts using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. For low molecular weight host matrix polymer chains, normal isotropic diffusion of the gold nanoparticles is observed. For larger molecular weights, anomalous diffusion of the nanoparticles is observed that can be described by ballistic motion and generalized Lévy walks, similar to those often used to discuss the dynamics of jammed systems. Under certain annealing conditions, the diffusion is one-dimensional and related to the direction of heat flow during annealing and is associated with an dynamic alignment of the host polymer chains. Molecular dynamics simulations of a single gold nanoparticle diffusing in a partially aligned polymer network semiquantitatively reproduce the experimental results to a remarkable degree. The results help to showcase how nanoparticles can under certain circumstances move rapidly in polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jin Song
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Rupak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Jooyoung Chang
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Tsung-Yeh Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hongyu Guo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, USA
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhang Jiang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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31
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Habibi M, Cooper JM, Love CJ, Sinha SK. Transseptal puncture facilitated by “reverse tenting” using a left atrial ablation catheter. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2019; 5:159-162. [PMID: 30891415 PMCID: PMC6404362 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Chrispin J, Misra S, Marine JE, Rickard J, Barth A, Kolandaivelu A, Ashikaga H, Tandri H, Spragg DD, Crosson J, Berger RD, Tomaselli G, Calkins H, Sinha SK. Current management and clinical outcomes for catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia. Europace 2019; 20:e51-e59. [PMID: 28541507 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Historical studies of ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) have shown high long-term success rates and low complication rates. The potential impact of several recent practice trends has not been described. This study aims to characterize recent clinical practice trends in AVNRT ablation and their associated success rates and complications. Methods and results Patients undergoing initial ablation of AVNRT between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2015 were included in this study. Patient demographics and procedural data were abstracted from procedure reports. Follow-up data, including AVNRT recurrence and complications, was evaluated through electronic medical record review. In total, 877 patients underwent catheter ablation for AVNRT. By the last recorded year, three-dimension (3D) electroanatomical mapping (EAM) was used in 36.2%, 43.2% included anaesthesia, and 23.1% utilized irrigated catheters. Long-term procedural success was 95.5%. The use of anaesthesia, 3D EAM, and irrigated ablation catheters were not associated with differences in success. The presence of an atrial 'echo' or 'AH' jump at the end of an acutely successful procedure was not associated with long-term recurrence (P = 0.18, P = 0.15, respectively). Complications, including AV block requiring a pacemaker (0.4%), were uncommon. Conclusion In a large, contemporary cohort, catheter ablation for AVNRT remains highly successful with low complications rates. The increased use of anaesthesia as well as modern mapping and ablation tools were not associated with changes in clinical outcomes. Further prospective evaluation of such contemporary practices is warranted given the lack of evidence to support their escalating use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Satish Misra
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - John Rickard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andreas Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Aravindan Kolandaivelu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ashikaga
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jane Crosson
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ronald D Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gordon Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed 7125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Khanra D, Mukherjee A, Talukdar A, Mukherjee A, Sinha SK. Peripheral arterial disease in antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV infected patients – A single centre case control study from Eastern India. J Pract Cardiovasc Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_13_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Khanra D, Sinha SK, Tiwari P, Razi MM, Aggrawal P, Soni S, Verma CM, Thakur R, Duggal B. Three dimensional echocardiography in non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in North India (3D-EINSTEIN) - A single centre prospective study. J Pract Cardiovasc Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_18_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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35
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Khanra D, Tiwari P, Sinha SK, Aggrawal P, Soni S. Radial anomalies in North Indian patients undergoing TRAns-radial catheterization: A prospective observational study (RAIN-TRAC study). Heart India 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/heartindia.heartindia_30_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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36
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Brea RJ, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya R, Song JJ, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Highly Stable Artificial Cells from Galactopyranose-Derived Single-Chain Amphiphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17356-17360. [PMID: 30495932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain amphiphiles (SCAs) that self-assemble into large vesicular structures are attractive components of synthetic cells because of the simplicity of bilayer formation and increased membrane permeability. However, SCAs commonly used for vesicle formation suffer from restricted working pH ranges, instability to divalent cations, and the inhibition of biocatalysts. Construction of more robust biocompatible membranes from SCAs would have significant benefits. We describe the formation of highly stable vesicles from alkyl galactopyranose thioesters. The compatibility of these uncharged SCAs with biomolecules makes possible the encapsulation of functional enzymes and nucleic acids during the vesicle generation process, enabling membrane protein reconstitution and compartmentalized nucleic acid amplification, even when charged precursors are supplied externally.
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Sinha SK, Carlson D, Chrispin J, Barth AS, Rickard JJ, Spragg DD, Berger R, Love C, Calkins H, Tomaselli GF, Marine JE. The Symptoms and Clinical events associated with Automatic Reprogramming (SCARE) at replacement notification study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 41:1611-1618. [PMID: 30375674 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pacemaker patients experience battery depletion that activates pacemaker's alert for replacement notification. Automatic reprogramming at replacement notification can result in loss of rate response and atrioventricular (AV) synchrony. OBJECTIVE To determine if relevant symptoms or clinical events may be associated with automatic reprogramming at replacement notification. METHODS Electronic medical record review was undertaken for 298 patients referred for pacemaker generator replacement. Primary endpoints were symptoms or clinical events during replacement notification period. RESULTS Following elimination of duplicate pacemaker replacements (n = 12), "near-replacement notification" or "recalled" (n = 15) and pacemakers at "end of life" (n = 5), 266 subjects were included. Three distinct reprogramming cohorts were identified; those with no change (control) in pacing mode (n = 46), those with loss of rate response (n = 154), and those with loss of AV synchrony ± rate response (n = 66). In total, 83 subjects (31.2%) had symptoms with significant differences seen between groups (control = 4.3%, loss of rate response = 26.0%, loss of AV synchrony ± rate response = 62.1%, P < 0.001). Overall, 28 subjects (10.5%) experienced clinical events with significant differences seen between groups (control = 0.0%, loss of rate response = 6.5%, loss of AV synchrony ± rate response = 27.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Automatic reprogramming at replacement notification was associated with significant symptoms in 26% of those who lost rate response and in 62% of those who lost AV synchrony ± rate response. Additionally, 27% of the latter cohort required nonelective clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Carlson
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreas S Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Jack Rickard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Love
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sinha SK, Sivasambu B, Yenokyan G, Crawford TC, Chrispin J, Eagle KA, Barth AS, Rickard JJ, Spragg DD, Vlay SC, Berger R, Love C, Calkins H, Tomaselli GF, Marine JE. Worldwide pacemaker and defibrillator reuse: Systematic review and meta-analysis of contemporary trials. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 41:1500-1507. [PMID: 30191580 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients go without pacemaker, defibrillator, and cardiac resynchronization therapies (devices) each year due to the prohibitive costs of devices. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine data available from studies regarding contemporary risks of reused devices in comparison with new devices. METHODS We searched online indexing sites to identify recent studies. Peer-reviewed manuscripts reporting infection, malfunction, premature battery depletion, and device-related death with reused devices were included. The primary study outcome was the composite risk of infection, malfunction, premature battery depletion, and death. Secondary outcomes were the individual risks. RESULTS Nine observational studies (published 2009-2017) were identified totaling 2,302 devices (2,017 pacemakers, 285 defibrillators). Five controlled trials were included in meta-analysis (2,114 devices; 1,258 new vs 856 reused). All device reuse protocols employed interrogation to confirm longevity and functionality, disinfectant therapy, and, usually, additional biocidal agents, packaging, and ethylene oxide gas sterilization. Demographic characteristics, indications for pacing, and median follow-up were similar. There were no device-related deaths reported and no statistically significant difference in risk between new versus reused devices for the primary outcome (2.23% vs 3.86% respectively, P = 0.807, odds ratio = 0.76). There were no significant differences seen in the secondary outcomes for the individual risks of infection, malfunction, and premature battery depletion. CONCLUSIONS Device reuse utilizing modern protocols did not significantly increase risk of infection, malfunction, premature battery depletion, or device-related death in observational studies. These data provide rationale for proceeding with a prospective multicenter noninferiority randomized control trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhradeev Sivasambu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Crawford
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim A Eagle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andreas S Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Jack Rickard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C Vlay
- SUNY Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Love
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lin JQ, Liu X, Blackburn E, Wakimoto S, Ding H, Islam Z, Sinha SK. Quantitative Characterization of the Nanoscale Local Lattice Strain Induced by Sr Dopants in La_{1.92}Sr_{0.08}CuO_{4}. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:197001. [PMID: 29799254 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The nanometer scale lattice deformation brought about by the dopants in the high temperature superconducting cuprate La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4} (x=0.08) was investigated by measuring the associated x-ray diffuse scattering around multiple Bragg peaks. A characteristic diffuse scattering pattern was observed, which can be well described by continuum elastic theory. With the fitted dipole force parameters, the acoustic-type lattice deformation pattern was reconstructed and found to be of similar size to lattice thermal vibration at 7 K. Our results address the long-term concern of dopant introduced local lattice inhomogeneity, and show that the associated nanometer scale lattice deformation is marginal and cannot, alone, be responsible for the patched variation in the spectral gaps observed with scanning tunneling microscopy in the cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - E Blackburn
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Wakimoto
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Z Islam
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Singh N, Nada R, Rawat A, Sharma A, Sinha SK, Ramachandran R, Kumar V, Kohli HS, Gupta KL, Rathi M. Spectrum of IgG4-related Kidney Disease at a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:209-214. [PMID: 29962671 PMCID: PMC5998721 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_146_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4 RKD) is increasingly reported with varied manifestations. The present study was carried out to study the spectrum of IgG4 RKD. All patients with renal manifestation associated with conditions known to be associated with IgG4-related diseases (IgG4 RDs), or renal imaging or histology suggestive of IgG4 RKD were included and evaluated further. Patients with known extrarenal IgG4RD were also screened for renal involvement. Out of 40 patients screened over a period of 15 months, IgG4 RKD was diagnosed in 8. Majority were male (87.5%) with mean age being 56 years. Disease spectrum ranged from normal renal function in one to renal failure requiring dialysis in another two patients. Significant proteinuria was uncommon (12.5%) while hematuria was not seen in any patient. Tubulointerstitial nephritis was seen in all four patients who underwent kidney biopsy. Two patients had associated glomerular lesions in the form of immune complex crescentic glomerulonephritis. The most common imaging abnormality was hypodense renal lesions seen in 2 patients. Elevated IgG4 levels had 87.5% sensitivity and 78.3% specificity for IgG4 RKD and levels did not correlate with disease severity. Of 4 patients treated with steroids, 3 showed improvement in renal function. IgG4 RKD is an uncommon disease even at a referral tertiary care center. Elevated IgG4 levels alone are neither sensitive nor specific for the diagnosis of IgG4 RKD, and a combination of clinical, imaging, serological, and histological features are required for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Nada
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Rawat
- Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Ramachandran
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - H S Kohli
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K L Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Rathi
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Huang D, Li JB, Zghaib T, Gucuk Ipek E, Balouch M, Spragg DD, Ashikaga H, Tandri H, Sinha SK, Marine JE, Berger RD, Calkins H, Nazarian S. The Extent of Left Atrial Low-Voltage Areas Included in Pulmonary Vein Isolation Is Associated With Freedom from Recurrent Atrial Arrhythmia. Can J Cardiol 2017; 34:73-79. [PMID: 29275886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of left atrial (LA) baseline low-voltage areas (LVA-B), which may be a surrogate for fibrosis, is associated with recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) after ablation. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the extent of LVA-B isolated by ablation (LVA-I) and AF recurrence. METHODS The study cohort included 159 consecutive patients with drug-refractory AF who underwent an initial AF ablation with LA voltage mapping during sinus rhythm. The extent of LVA-B was quantified while excluding the pulmonary veins, LA appendage, and mitral valve area. LVA-I was quantified as the percentage of LVA-B encircled by pulmonary vein isolation. Surveillance and symptom-prompted electrocardiograms, Holter monitors, and event monitors were used to document atrial arrhythmia recurrence for a median follow-up of 712 days (1.95 years). RESULTS Of 159 patients, 72% were men and 27% had persistent AF. The mean number of sampled bipolar voltage points was 119 ± 56. The mean LA surface area was 102.3 ± 37.3 cm2, and the mean LVA-B was 1.9 ± 3.8 cm2. The mean LVA-I was 51.05% ± 36.8% of LVA-B. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for LA volume, CHA2DS2-VASc (Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age [≥ 75 years], Diabetes, Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack, Vascular Disease, Age [65-74 years], Sex [Female] score), LVA-B, and AF type, LVA-I was inversely associated with recurrent atrial arrhythmia after the blanking period (hazard ratio, 0.42/percent LVA isolated; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS The extent of LVA-I is independently associated with freedom from atrial arrhythmias after AF ablation, supporting ongoing efforts to target low LA voltage areas and other fibrosis indicators to improve ablation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing-Bo Li
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tarek Zghaib
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esra Gucuk Ipek
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Balouch
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David D Spragg
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ashikaga
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald D Berger
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Seaberg MH, Holladay B, Lee JCT, Sikorski M, Reid AH, Montoya SA, Dakovski GL, Koralek JD, Coslovich G, Moeller S, Schlotter WF, Streubel R, Kevan SD, Fischer P, Fullerton EE, Turner JL, Decker FJ, Sinha SK, Roy S, Turner JJ. Nanosecond X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy on Magnetic Skyrmions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:067403. [PMID: 28949638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy method that exploits the recent development of the two-pulse mode at the Linac Coherent Light Source. By using coherent resonant x-ray magnetic scattering, we studied spontaneous fluctuations on nanosecond time scales in thin films of multilayered Fe/Gd that exhibit ordered stripe and Skyrmion lattice phases. The correlation time of the fluctuations was found to differ between the Skyrmion phase and near the stripe-Skyrmion boundary. This technique will enable a significant new area of research on the study of equilibrium fluctuations in condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Seaberg
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - B Holladay
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J C T Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97401, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Sikorski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - A H Reid
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S A Montoya
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - G Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - W F Schlotter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - R Streubel
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S D Kevan
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97401, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Fischer
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J L Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - F-J Decker
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
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Abstract
Term infants with respiratory distress may have extremely varied etiologies of their illnesses. These range from anatomical malformations to infectious or inflammatory conditions to genetic, metabolic, or neurological abnormalities. This article reviews the present array of diagnostic studies available to the clinician, including the physical examination, imaging (radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and nuclear scanning techniques), lung mechanics and function testing, evaluation of gas exchange (blood gases, pulse oximetry, transcutaneous monitoring, and end-tidal carbon monoxide measurements), and anatomical studies (bronchoscopy and lung biopsy). These tests and procedures are reviewed and a stepwise approach recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Donn
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatal Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Durham University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Sinha SK, Chrispin J, Barth A, Rickard JJ, Spragg DD, Berger R, Calkins H, Tomaselli G, Marine JE. Clinical recognition of pacemaker battery depletion and automatic reprogramming. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2017; 40:969-974. [PMID: 28617963 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
All contemporary pacemakers undergo automatic reprogramming upon reaching elective replacement indication due to battery depletion. The majority of such reprogramming will result in changes to both pacing mode and pacing rate. The exact software reprogramming varies considerably among pacemaker manufacturers and may even vary among models of the same manufacturer. Accordingly, it is essential for healthcare providers managing pacemaker patients to have a detailed understanding of the automatic reprogramming seen at elective replacement indication as well as their potential physiological and clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andreas Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - John Jack Rickard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ronald Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gordon Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Sinha SK, Chaturvedi VB, Singh P, Chaudhary LC, Ghosh M, Shivani S. Effect of high and low roughage total mixed ration diets on rumen metabolites and enzymatic profiles in crossbred cattle and buffaloes. Vet World 2017; 10:616-622. [PMID: 28717312 PMCID: PMC5499077 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.616-622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:: A comparative study was conducted on crossbred cattle and buffaloes to investigate the effect of feeding high and low roughage total mixed ration (TMR) diets on rumen metabolites and enzymatic profiles. Materials and Methods:: Three rumen-fistulated crossbred cattle and buffalo were randomly assigned as per 3×3 switch over design for 21-days. Three TMR diets consisting of concentrate mixture, wheat straw and green maize fodder in the ratios of (T1) 60:20:20, (T2) 40:30:30, and (T3) 20:40:40, respectively, were fed to the animals ad libitum. Rumen liquor samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post feeding for the estimation of rumen biochemical parameters on 2 consecutive days in each trial. Results:: The lactic acid concentration and pH value were comparable in both species and treatments. Feed intake (99.77±2.51 g/kg body weight), ruminal ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen were significantly (p<0.05) higher in buffalo and in treatment group fed with high concentrate diet. Production of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was non-significant (p>0.05) among treatments and significantly (p<0.05) greater in crossbred cattle than buffaloes. Molar proportions of individual VFAs propionate (C3), propionate:butyrate (C3:C4), and (acetate+butyrate):propionate ([C2+C4]:C3) ratio in both crossbred cattle and buffalo were not affected by high or low roughage diet, but percentage of acetate and butyrate varied significantly (p<0.05) among treatment groups. Activities of microbial enzymes were comparable among species and different treatment groups. A total number of rumen protozoa were significantly (p<0.05) higher in crossbred cattle than buffaloes along with significantly (p<0.05) higher population in animal fed with high concentrate diet (T1). Conclusion:: Rumen microbial population and fermentation depend on constituents of the treatment diet. However, microbial enzyme activity remains similar among species and different treatments. High concentrate diet increases number of rumen protozoa, and the number is higher in crossbred cattle than buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sinha
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi - 834 006, Jharkhand, India
| | - V B Chaturvedi
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Putan Singh
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - L C Chaudhary
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi - 834 006, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swati Shivani
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
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Sinha SK, Saxena A, Mishra V, Volkmann T, Kumar AMV, Nair SA, Moonan PK, Oeltmann JE, Chadha VK. Integration and decentralisation of TB-HIV services increases HIV testing of TB cases in Rajasthan, India. Public Health Action 2017; 7:71-73. [PMID: 28775947 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of tuberculosis (TB) patients tested for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the state of Ra-jasthan, India, is limited by the availability of HIV testing facilities. Rajasthan implemented a policy of initiating TB-HIV diagnosis at all health institutions in July 2013. The number of TB diagnostic facilities increased from 33 to 63 in Banswara District and from 22 to 68 in Jhunjhunu District, while the number of HIV testing facilities in these districts increased from 1 to 53 and from 10 to 81, respectively, after the policy implementation. The proportion of TB patients tested for HIV increased by respectively 27% and 19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sinha
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - A Saxena
- State Tuberculosis Office, Directorate of Medical & Health Services, Jaipur, India
| | - V Mishra
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - T Volkmann
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S A Nair
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Moonan
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J E Oeltmann
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - V K Chadha
- Epidemiology and Research Division, National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, India
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Pandey M, Kaur M, Sanwal M, Jain A, Sinha SK. Ludwig's angina in children anesthesiologist's nightmare: Case series and review of literature. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2017; 33:406-409. [PMID: 29109646 PMCID: PMC5672514 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.214318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ludwig's angina is potentially lethal, rapidly spreading cellulitis of the floor of mouth and neck. The anticipated difficult airway becomes even more challenging when it occurs in children. In children, the larynx is positioned relatively higher in the neck, and one does not have the option for blind nasal intubation or awake fiberoptic, which otherwise is the technique of choice in adult patients. We present the clinical course of 16 children and highlight various problems encountered during the anesthetic management of six children who required emergency surgical drainage under general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitree Pandey
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Sanwal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, MAX Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Jain
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Ma Y, Ghosh SK, DiLena DA, Bera S, Lurio LB, Parikh AN, Sinha SK. Cholesterol Partition and Condensing Effect in Phase-Separated Ternary Mixture Lipid Multilayers. Biophys J 2016; 110:1355-66. [PMID: 27028645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol partitioning and condensing effect in the liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases were systematically investigated for ternary mixture lipid multilayers consisting of 1:1 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with varying concentrations of cholesterol. X-ray lamellar diffraction was used to deduce the electron density profiles of each phase. The cholesterol concentration in each phase was quantified by fitting of the electron density profiles with a newly invented basic lipid profile scaling method that minimizes the number of fitting parameters. The obtained cholesterol concentration in each phase versus total cholesterol concentration in the sample increases linearly for both phases. The condensing effect of cholesterol in ternary lipid mixtures was evaluated in terms of phosphate-to-phosphate distances, which together with the estimated cholesterol concentration in each phase was converted into an average area per molecule. In addition, the cholesterol position was determined to a precision of (±0.7Å) and an increase of disorder in the lipid packing in the Lo phase was observed for total cholesterol concentration of 20∼30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David A DiLena
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sambhunath Bera
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Laurence B Lurio
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
| | - Atul N Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Venkatakrishnan SV, Donatelli J, Kumar D, Sarje A, Sinha SK, Li XS, Hexemer A. A multi-slice simulation algorithm for grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716013273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is an important technique in the characterization of samples at the nanometre scale. A key aspect of GISAXS data analysis is the accurate simulation of samples to match the measurement. The distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) is a widely used model for the simulation of GISAXS patterns. For certain classes of sample such as nanostructures embedded in thin films, where the electric field intensity variation is significant relative to the size of the structures, a multi-slice DWBA theory is more accurate than the conventional DWBA method. However, simulating complex structures in the multi-slice setting is challenging and the algorithms typically used are designed on a case-by-case basis depending on the structure to be simulated. In this paper, an accurate algorithm for GISAXS simulations based on the multi-slice DWBA theory is presented. In particular, fundamental properties of the Fourier transform have been utilized to develop an algorithm that accurately computes the average refractive index profile as a function of depth and the Fourier transform of the portion of the sample within a given slice, which are key quantities required for the multi-slice DWBA simulation. The results from this method are compared with the traditionally used approximations, demonstrating that the proposed algorithm can produce more accurate results. Furthermore, this algorithm is general with respect to the sample structure, and does not require any sample-specific approximations to perform the simulations.
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Sisodiya RS, Panda SS, Gupta CK, Sinha SK. Closed Gastroschisis with Vanished Small Bowel and Jejunal Atresia. J Neonatal Surg 2016; 5:65. [PMID: 27896173 PMCID: PMC5117288 DOI: 10.21699/jns.v5i4.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R S Sisodiya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated LNH, New Delhi -110002, India
| | - S S Panda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated LNH, New Delhi -110002, India
| | - C K Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated LNH, New Delhi -110002, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated LNH, New Delhi -110002, India
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