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Park JH, Burgess JD, Faroqi AH, DeMeo NN, Fiesel FC, Springer W, Delenclos M, McLean PJ. Alpha-synuclein-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is mediated via a sirtuin 3-dependent pathway. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:5. [PMID: 31931835 PMCID: PMC6956494 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misfolding and aggregation of the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. Although predominantly localized in the cytosol, a body of evidence has shown that αsyn localizes to mitochondria and contributes to the disruption of key mitochondrial processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the progression of PD and mutations in mitochondrial-associated proteins are found in familial cases of PD. The sirtuins are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes that play a broad role in cellular metabolism and aging. Interestingly, mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a major role in maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing oxidative stress, and is downregulated in aging and age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we hypothesize that αsyn is associated with decreased SIRT3 levels contributing to impaired mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in PD. METHODS The level of mitochondrial SIRT3 was assessed in cells expressing oligomeric αsyn within the cytosolic and mitochondrial-enriched fractions. Mitochondrial integrity, respiration, and health were examined using several markers of mitochondrial dynamics and stress response and by measuring the rate of oxygen consumption (OCR). Our findings were validated in a rodent model of PD as well as in human post-mortem Lewy body disease (LBD) brain tissue. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that αsyn associates with mitochondria and induces a decrease in mitochondrial SIRT3 levels and mitochondrial biogenesis. We show that SIRT3 downregulation is accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), as well as increased phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), indicative of impaired mitochondrial dynamics. OCR was significantly decreased suggesting a mitochondria respiratory deficit. Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases αsyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that pharmacologically increasing SIRT3 levels can counteract αsyn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing αsyn oligomers and normalizing mitochondrial bioenergetics. These data support a protective role for SIRT3 in PD-associated pathways and contribute significant mechanistic insight into the interplay of SIRT3 and αsyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeon Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Jeremy D. Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Ayman H. Faroqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Natasha N. DeMeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Fabienne C. Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
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152
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DRG2 Deficient Mice Exhibit Impaired Motor Behaviors with Reduced Striatal Dopamine Release. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010060. [PMID: 31861806 PMCID: PMC6981536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) was first identified in the central nervous system of mice. However, the physiological function of DRG2 in the brain remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that knocking out DRG2 impairs the function of dopamine neurons in mice. DRG2 was strongly expressed in the neurons of the dopaminergic system such as those in the striatum (Str), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and substantia nigra (SN), and on neuronal cell bodies in high-density regions such as the hippocampus (HIP), cerebellum, and cerebral cortex in the mouse brain. DRG2 knockout (KO) mice displayed defects in motor function in motor coordination and rotarod tests and increased anxiety. However, unexpectedly, DRG2 depletion did not affect the dopamine (DA) neuron population in the SN, Str, or VTA region or dopamine synthesis in the Str region. We further demonstrated that dopamine release was significantly diminished in the Str region of DRG2 KO mice and that treatment of DRG2 KO mice with l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), a dopamine precursor, rescued the behavioral motor deficiency in DRG2 KO mice as observed with the rotarod test. This is the first report to identify DRG2 as a key regulator of dopamine release from dopamine neurons in the mouse brain.
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153
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Emerging neuroprotective effect of metformin in Parkinson's disease: A molecular crosstalk. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104593. [PMID: 31843673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and Lewy pathology. PD is a major concern of today's aging population and has emerged as a global health burden. Despite the rapid advances in PD research over the past decades, the gold standard therapy provides only symptomatic relief and fails to halt disease progression. Therefore, exploring novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategies is highly demanded. Metformin, which is currently used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has recently demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative disorders including PD, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we explore the neuroprotective potential of metformin based on emerging evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms, metformin has been shown to inhibit α-synuclein (SNCA) phosphorylation and aggregation, prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuate oxidative stress, modulate autophagy mainly via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, as well as prevent neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Overall, the neuroprotective effects of metformin in PD pathogenesis present a novel promising therapeutic strategy that might overcome the limitations of current PD treatment.
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154
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Chen YH, Wang V, Huang EYK, Chou YC, Kuo TT, Olson L, Hoffer BJ. Delayed Dopamine Dysfunction and Motor Deficits in Female Parkinson Model Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246251. [PMID: 31835787 PMCID: PMC6940785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed gender differences in the progressive dopamine (DA) deficiency phenotype in the MitoPark (MP) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with progressive loss of DA release and reuptake in midbrain DA pathways. We found that the progressive loss of these DA presynaptic parameters begins significantly earlier in male than female MP mice. This was correlated with behavioral gender differences of both forced and spontaneous motor behavior. The degeneration of the nigrostriatal DA system in MP mice is earlier and more marked than that of the mesolimbic DA system, with male MP mice again being more strongly affected than female MP mice. After ovariectomy, DA presynaptic and behavioral changes in female mice become very similar to those of male animals. Our results suggest that estrogen, either directly or indirectly, is neuroprotective in the midbrain DA system. Our results are compatible with epidemiological data on incidence and symptom progression in PD, showing that men are more strongly affected than women at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Vicki Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (B.J.H.)
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155
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Fedorova TN, Logvinenko AA, Poleshchuk VV, Muzychuk OA, Shabalina AA, Illarioshkin SN. Lipid Peroxidation Products in the Blood Plasma of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease as Possible Biomarkers of Different Stages of the Disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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156
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Lucio M, Willkommen D, Schroeter M, Sigaroudi A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Michalke B. Integrative Metabolomic and Metallomic Analysis in a Case-Control Cohort With Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:331. [PMID: 31866853 PMCID: PMC6908950 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex etiology. Several factors are known to contribute to the disease onset and its progression. However, the complete underlying mechanisms are still escaping our understanding. To evaluate possible correlations between metabolites and metallomic data, in this research, we combined a control study measured using two different platforms. For the different data sources, we applied a Block Sparse Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (Block-sPLS-DA) model that allows for proving their relation, which in turn uncovers alternative influencing factors that remain hidden otherwise. We found two groups of variables that trace a strong relationship between metallomic and metabolomic parameters for disease development. The results confirmed that the redox active metals iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) together with fatty acids are the major influencing factors for the PD. Additionally, the metabolic waste product p-cresol sulfate and the trace element nickel (Ni) showed up as potentially important factors in PD. In summary, the data integration of different types of measurements emphasized the results of both stand-alone measurements providing a new comprehensive set of information and interactions, on PD disease, between different variables sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lucio
- Analytische BioGeoChemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Desiree Willkommen
- Analytische BioGeoChemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Uniklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ali Sigaroudi
- Klinik für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut I für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Uniklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytische BioGeoChemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Analytische BioGeoChemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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157
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Chekuri A, Zientara‐Rytter K, Soto‐Hermida A, Borooah S, Voronchikhina M, Biswas P, Kumar V, Goodsell D, Hayward C, Shaw P, Stanton C, Garland D, Subramani S, Ayyagari R. Late-onset retinal degeneration pathology due to mutations in CTRP5 is mediated through HTRA1. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13011. [PMID: 31385385 PMCID: PMC6826137 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD) is an autosomal dominant macular degeneration characterized by the formation of sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits and neuroretinal atrophy. L-ORD results from mutations in the C1q-tumor necrosis factor-5 protein (CTRP5), encoded by the CTRP5/C1QTNF5 gene. To understand the mechanism underlying L-ORD pathology, we used a human cDNA library yeast two-hybrid screen to identify interacting partners of CTRP5. Additionally, we analyzed the Bruch's membrane/choroid (BM-Ch) from wild-type (Wt), heterozygous S163R Ctrp5 mutation knock-in (Ctrp5S163R/wt ), and homozygous knock-in (Ctrp5S163R/S163R ) mice using mass spectrometry. Both approaches showed an association between CTRP5 and HTRA1 via its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, stimulation of the HTRA1 protease activity by CTRP5, and CTRP5 serving as an HTRA1 substrate. The S163R-CTRP5 protein also binds to HTRA1 but is resistant to HTRA1-mediated cleavage. Immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis showed significant accumulation of CTRP5 and HTRA1 in BM-Ch of Ctrp5S163R/S163R and Ctrp5S163R/wt mice compared with Wt. Additional extracellular matrix (ECM) components that are HTRA1 substrates also accumulated in these mice. These results implicate HTRA1 and its interaction with CTRP5 in L-ORD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chekuri
- Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | | | | | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | | | - Pooja Biswas
- Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - David Goodsell
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology (ISCB)Scripps Research InstituteSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Peter Shaw
- Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Chloe Stanton
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Donita Garland
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Suresh Subramani
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
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158
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Preliminary study of hsa-miR-626 change in the cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson’s disease patients. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 70:198-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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159
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Novel Small Molecules Targeting the Intrinsically Disordered Structural Ensemble of α-Synuclein Protect Against Diverse α-Synuclein Mediated Dysfunctions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16947. [PMID: 31740740 PMCID: PMC6861283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-expression and aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) are linked to the onset and pathology of Parkinson’s disease. Native monomeric αSyn exists in an intrinsically disordered ensemble of interconverting conformations, which has made its therapeutic targeting by small molecules highly challenging. Nonetheless, here we successfully target the monomeric structural ensemble of αSyn and thereby identify novel drug-like small molecules that impact multiple pathogenic processes. Using a surface plasmon resonance high-throughput screen, in which monomeric αSyn is incubated with microchips arrayed with tethered compounds, we identified novel αSyn interacting drug-like compounds. Because these small molecules could impact a variety of αSyn forms present in the ensemble, we tested representative hits for impact on multiple αSyn malfunctions in vitro and in cells including aggregation and perturbation of vesicular dynamics. We thereby identified a compound that inhibits αSyn misfolding and is neuroprotective, multiple compounds that restore phagocytosis impaired by αSyn overexpression, and a compound blocking cellular transmission of αSyn. Our studies demonstrate that drug-like small molecules that interact with native αSyn can impact a variety of its pathological processes. Thus, targeting the intrinsically disordered ensemble of αSyn offers a unique approach to the development of small molecule research tools and therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease.
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160
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Lozano D, Morona R, González A, López JM. Comparative Analysis of the Organization of the Catecholaminergic Systems in the Brain of Holostean Fishes (Actinopterygii/Neopterygii). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2019; 93:206-235. [PMID: 31711060 DOI: 10.1159/000503769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Living holosteans, comprising 8 species of bowfins and gars, form a small monophyletic group of actinopterygian fishes, which are currently considered as the sister group to the enormously numerous teleosts and have largely been neglected in neuroanatomical studies. We have studied the catecholaminergic (CAergic) systems by means of antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine (DA) in the brain of representative species of the 3 genera included in the 2 orders of holostean fishes: Amia calva (Amiiformes) and Lepisosteus platyrhincus, Lepisosteus oculatus, and Atractosteus spatula (Lepisosteiformes). Different groups of TH/DA-immunoreactive (ir) cells were observed in the olfactory bulb, subpallium, and preoptic area of the telencephalon. Hypothalamic groups were labeled in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, tuberal (only in A. calva), retrotuberal, and retromamillary areas; specifically, the paraventricular organ showed only DA immunoreactivity. In the diencephalon, TH/DA-ir groups were detected in the prethalamus, posterior tubercle, and pretectum. In the caudal hindbrain, the solitary tract nucleus and area postrema presented TH/DA-ir cell groups, and also the spinal cord and the retina. Only in A. calva, particular CAergic cell groups were observed in the habenula, the mesencephalic tegmentum, and in the locus coeruleus. Following a neuromeric analysis, the comparison of these results with those obtained in other classes of fishes and tetrapods shows many common traits of CAergic systems shared by most vertebrates and in addition highlights unique features of actinopterygian fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain,
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161
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Kallianpur KJ, Walker M, Gerschenson M, Shikuma CM, Gangcuangco LMA, Kohorn L, Libutti DE, Nir TM, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Paul R. Systemic Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Protein Levels Correlate with Neuroimaging Measures in Chronically HIV-Infected Individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 36:83-91. [PMID: 31617381 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined systemic mitochondrial function in conjunction with brain imaging in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Oxidative phosphorylation enzyme protein levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in association with neuroimaging indices in 28 HIV+ individuals. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging yielded volumes of seven brain regions of interest; diffusion tensor imaging determined fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the corpus callosum (CC). Higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase levels correlated with lower volumes of thalamus (p = .005) and cerebral white matter (p = .049) and, in the CC, with lower FA (p = .011, body; p = .005, genu; p = .009, total CC) and higher MD (p = .023, body; p = .035, genu; p = .019, splenium; p = .014, total CC). Greater cytochrome c oxidase levels correlated with lower thalamic (p = .034) and cerebellar gray matter (p = .021) volumes. The results indicate that systemic mitochondrial cellular bioenergetics are associated with brain health in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana J. Kallianpur
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Center for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Maegen Walker
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Louie Mar A. Gangcuangco
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lindsay Kohorn
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Daniel E. Libutti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Talia M. Nir
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Robert Paul
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri
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162
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Liu H, Ding YN, Bian B, Li L, Li R, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang X, Fan G, Liu Q. Rapid colorimetric determination of dopamine based on the inhibition of the peroxidase mimicking activity of platinum loaded CoSn(OH) 6 nanocubes. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:755. [PMID: 31707595 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles were loaded on CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes via a co-precipitation method. The material (NCs) is shown to be a viable peroxidase mimic that catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate oxidized TMB (oxTMB) with absorption at 652 nm. The formation of the blue color can be observed in <30 s. Thus, a visual and colorimetric assay was worked out for H2O2. It has a detection limit as low as 4.4 μM and works in the 5 to 200 μM concentration range. The method was also used to detect dopamine (DA) which is found to inhibit the enzyme mimicking activity of the NCs. Hence, less blue color is formed in its presence. The respective DA assay has a linear response in the 5.0 to 60 μM concentration range and a 0.76 μM detection limit. Graphical abstractSchematic diagram of a visual colorimetric method for determination of H2O2 and dopamine (DA) with the aid of color change of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB), based on the peroxidase-like activity of Pt/CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ding
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Bing Bian
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Zhenxue Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Gaochao Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
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163
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Shao K, You J, Ye S, Gu D, Wang T, Teng Y, Shen Z, Pan Z. Gold nanoclusters-poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) dots@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanohybrid based probe for ratiometric analysis of dopamine. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1098:102-109. [PMID: 31948572 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ratiometric analysis of dopamine (DA) in complex biological system is urgently desired. In this work, a novel dual-emission fluorescence probe was fabricated by embedding both gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) dots into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) (abbreviated as ZIF-8@AuNCs-PFO) and applied to ratiometric analysis of DA. Remarkably, encapsulating AuNCs and PFO dots into ZIF-8 not only achieved an excellent aggregation induced emission (AIE) enhancement effect on AuNCs (5 times increase), but also brought about an unique DA-triggered asynchronous fluorescence changes of AuNCs and PFO dots. The as-prepared probe exhibited excellent performance toward DA in the concentrations range from 0.01 to 10000 μmol L-1 and good selectivity over interfering substances. The detection limit of DA was as low as 4.8 nmol L-1. Furthermore, good stability and practicability of the probe in human serum samples suggesting its great potential for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, the quenching mechanism of AuNCs was intensively studied and summarized as three synergistic processes: (i) electron transfer between AuNCs and DA; (ii) DA-triggered architecture change of ZIF-8; (iii) fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between AuNCs and polydopamine (PDA), which offered an important theory for ZIF-based fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Shao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jia You
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shiyi Ye
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
| | - Danyu Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuanjie Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zaifa Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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164
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Edwards Iii G, Gamez N, Armijo E, Kramm C, Morales R, Taylor-Presse K, Schulz PE, Soto C, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Peripheral Delivery of Neural Precursor Cells Ameliorates Parkinson's Disease-Associated Pathology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111359. [PMID: 31671704 PMCID: PMC6912680 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor control due to a wide loss of dopaminergic neurons along the nigro-striatal pathway. Some of the mechanisms that contribute to this cell death are inflammation, oxidative stress, and misfolded alpha-synuclein-induced toxicity. Current treatments are effective at managing the early motor symptoms of the disease, but they become ineffective over time and lead to adverse effects. Previous research using intracerebral stem cell therapy for treatment of PD has provided promising results; however, this method is very invasive and is often associated with unacceptable side effects. In this study, we used an MPTP-injected mouse model of PD and intravenously administered neural precursors (NPs) obtained from mouse embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells. Clinical signs and neuropathology were assessed. Female mice treated with NPs had improved motor function and reduction in the neuroinflammatory response. In terms of safety, there were no tumorigenic formations or any detectable adverse effect after treatment. Our results suggest that peripheral administration of stem cell-derived NPs may be a promising and safe therapy for the recovery of impaired motor function and amelioration of brain pathology in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Edwards Iii
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nazaret Gamez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Enrique Armijo
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Carlos Kramm
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile.
| | - Kathleen Taylor-Presse
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Paul E Schulz
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Claudio Soto
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 29010 Malaga, Spain.
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165
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Methyl jasmonate abrogates rotenone-induced parkinsonian-like symptoms through inhibition of oxidative stress, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and down-regulation of immnopositive cells of NF-κB and α-synuclein expressions in mice. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:172-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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166
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Shaping the Nrf2-ARE-related pathways in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100942. [PMID: 31415806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A failure in redox homeostasis is a common hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), two age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), causing increased oxidative stress, oxidized/damaged biomolecules, altered neuronal function and consequent cell death. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-regulated transcription factor, results in upregulation of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes/proteins, protecting against oxidative stress. Nrf2 regulation is achieved by various proteins and pathways, at both cytoplasmatic and nuclear level; however, the elaborate network of mechanisms involved in Nrf2 regulation may restrain Nrf2 pathway normal activity. Indeed, altered Nrf2 activity is involved in aging and NDD, such as AD and PD. Therefore, understanding the diversity of Nrf2 control mechanisms and regulatory proteins is of high interest, since more effective NDD therapeutics can be identified. In this review, we first introduce Keap1-Nrf2-ARE structure, function and regulation, with a special focus on the several pathways involved in Nrf2 positive and negative modulation, namely p62, PKC, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, NF-kB and p38 MAPK. We then briefly describe the evidences for oxidative stress and Nrf2 pathway deregulation in different stages of NDDs. Finally, we discuss the potential of Nrf2-related pathways as potential therapeutic targets to possibly prevent or slowdown NDD progression.
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167
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Catapano MC, Protti M, Fontana T, Mandrioli R, Mladěnka P, Mercolini L. An Original HPLC Method with Coulometric Detection to Monitor Hydroxyl Radical Generation via Fenton Chemistry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173066. [PMID: 31450723 PMCID: PMC6749383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) can be generated via Fenton chemistry catalyzed by transition metals. An in vitro Fenton system was developed to test both the inhibition and stimulation of •OH formation, by monitoring salicylate aromatic hydroxylation derivatives as markers of •OH production. The reaction was optimized with either iron or copper, and target analytes were determined by means of an original HPLC method coupled to coulometric detection. The method granted good sensitivity and precision, while method applicability was tested on antioxidant compounds with and without chelating properties in different substance to metal ratios. This analytical approach shows how Fenton's reaction can be monitored by HPLC coupled to coulometric detection, as a powerful tool for studying molecules' redox behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Catapano
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Mandrioli
- Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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168
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Magnesium-Induced Cell Survival Is Dependent on TRPM7 Expression and Function. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:528-538. [PMID: 31392516 PMCID: PMC6968994 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mg2+ homeostasis is essential for cell survival and the loss of this regulation has been associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including loss of dopaminergic neurons. Although the neurotoxin-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease models is extensively studied, the ion channel(s) that regulate Mg2+ homeostasis and thus could prevent neuronal cell death is not yet identified. Here, we show that TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastatin 7) is involved in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis in dopaminergic cells. Importantly, transient loss of TRPM7 decreased intracellular Mg2+ levels and decreased dopaminergic cells/neurons survival. We provide further evidence that both increases in extracellular Mg2+ or transiently increasing TRPM7 levels protected dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells against neurotoxin-mediated cell death. Neurotoxin treatment significantly decreased TRPM7 levels in both SH-SY5Y cells and the substantia nigra pars compacta region of mice, along with a decrease in Mg2+ influx. Moreover, Mg2+ supplementation showed a concentration-dependent decrease in caspase-3 activity, an increase in cell survival, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase TRPM7 levels in neurotoxin-treated cells. In contrast, transient silencing of TRPM7 inhibited the positive effect of Mg2+ supplementation in protecting against neurotoxins. Whereas, TRPM7 overexpression not only maintained Mg2+ homeostasis but also inhibited caspase 3 activity that induced cell survival. Overall, these results suggest a significant role of TRPM7 channels in Mg2+ homeostasis and the survival of neurotoxin-induced loss of dopaminergic cells.
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169
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Zilberzwige-Tal S, Levin A, Toprakcioglu Z, Knowles TPJ, Gazit E, Elbaz J. Programmable On-Chip Artificial Cell Producing Post-Translationally Modified Ubiquitinated Protein. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901780. [PMID: 31207024 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In nature, intracellular microcompartments have evolved to allow the simultaneous execution of tightly regulated complex processes within a controlled environment. This architecture serves as the blueprint for the construction of a wide array of artificial cells. However, such systems are inadequate in their ability to confine and sequentially control multiple central dogma activities (transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications) resulting in a limited production of complex biomolecules. Here, an artificial cell-on-a-chip comprising hierarchical compartments allowing the processing and transport of products from transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications through connecting channels is designed and fabricated. This platform generates a tightly controlled system, yielding directly a purified modified protein, with the potential to produce proteoform of choice. Using this platform, the full ubiquitinated form of the Parkinson's disease-associated α-synuclein is generated starting from DNA, in a single device. By bringing together all central dogma activities in a single controllable platform, this approach will open up new possibilities for the synthesis of complex targets, will allow to decipher diverse molecular mechanisms in health and disease and to engineer protein-based materials and pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Zilberzwige-Tal
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Aviad Levin
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ehud Gazit
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Johann Elbaz
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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170
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Scarpina F, Magnani FG, Tagini S, Priano L, Mauro A, Sedda A. Mental representation of the body in action in Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2505-2521. [PMID: 31327026 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed findings characterize studies in Parkinson's disease (PD): some studies indicate a relationship between physical impairments and the ability to mentally represent the body, while others suggest spared abilities for this cognitive function. To clarify the matter, in the present study we explored the mental representations of the body in action in the same PD patients, taking also into account lateralization of symptoms and visual imagery skills. 10 PD patients with left- (lPD), 10 with right (rPD) lateralized symptoms (lPD), and 20 matched healthy controls have been recruited for the study. All patients were screened for neuropsychological impairments. To explore a more implicit component we used the hand laterality task (HLT), while the mental motor chronometry (MMC) was used to explore a more explicit one. Two control tasks, with objects instead of body parts, were administered to control for visual imagery skills. In the HLT, we detected the effects of biomechanical constraints effects in both controls and PD patients. In the latter group, importantly, this was true independently from lateralization of symptoms. In the MMC, we found the expected positive correlation between executed and imagined movements for both hands in controls only, while all PD patients, again independently form lateralization, only showed this effect for the left hand. In terms of visual imagery, only rPD patients differed from controls when asked to implicitly rotate letters, and in terms of accuracy only. However, this difference is explained by executive functions measured through the neuropsychological assessment rather than by a "pure" visual imagery impairment. In summary, our findings suggest that two different aspects of the mental representations of the body in action, one more implicit and the other more explicit, can be differently affected by PD. These impairments are unlikely explained by a basic visual imagery deficit. When present, impairments concern a higher dimension, related to motor functions and awareness, and not driven by sensory impairments, as shown by the independence of effects from physical laterality of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy.
| | - Francesca Giulia Magnani
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMi-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Tagini
- Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy.,CIMeC, Center for the Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Priano
- Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy.,"Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy.,"Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sedda
- Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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171
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Sorokina SA, Stroylova YY, Tishina SA, Shifrina ZB, Muronetz VI. Promising anti-amyloid behavior of cationic pyridylphenylene dendrimers: Role of structural features and mechanism of action. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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172
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Lai JH, Chen KY, Wu JCC, Olson L, Brené S, Huang CZ, Chen YH, Kang SJ, Ma KH, Hoffer BJ, Hsieh TH, Chiang YH. Voluntary exercise delays progressive deterioration of markers of metabolism and behavior in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146301. [PMID: 31226324 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although a good deal is known about the genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and information is emerging about its cause, there are no pharmacological treatments shown to have a significant, sustained capacity to prevent or attenuate the ongoing neurodegenerative processes. However, there is accumulating clinical results to suggest that physical exercise is such a treatment, and studies of animal models of the dopamine (DA) deficiency associated with the motor symptoms of PD further support this hypothesis. Exercise is a non-pharmacological, economically practical, and sustainable intervention with little or no risk and with significant additional health benefits. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of voluntary exercise on motor behavior and brain biochemistry in the transgenic MitoPark mouse PD model with progressive degeneration of the DA systems caused by DAT-driven deletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM in DA neurons. We found that voluntary exercise markedly improved behavioral function, including overall motor activity, narrow beam walking, and rotarod performance. There was also improvement of biochemical markers of nigrostriatal DA input. This was manifested by increased levels of DA measured by HPLC, and of the DA membrane transporter measured by PET. Moreover, exercise increased oxygen consumption and, by inference, ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, exercise augmented aerobic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism vs glycolysis in the nigrostriatal system. We conclude that there are clear-cut physiological mechanisms for beneficial effects of exercise in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Huei Lai
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Chung-Che Wu
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Brené
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chi-Zong Huang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Jhen Kang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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173
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Wu JZ, Ardah M, Haikal C, Svanbergsson A, Diepenbroek M, Vaikath NN, Li W, Wang ZY, Outeiro TF, El-Agnaf OM, Li JY. Dihydromyricetin and Salvianolic acid B inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation and enhance chaperone-mediated autophagy. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:18. [PMID: 31223479 PMCID: PMC6570948 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive accumulation of α-synuclein is a key step in the pathological development of Parkinson's disease. Impaired protein degradation and increased levels of α-synuclein may trigger a pathological aggregation in vitro and in vivo. The chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway is involved in the intracellular degradation processes of α-synuclein. Dysfunction of the CMA pathway impairs α-synuclein degradation and causes cytotoxicity. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the effects on the CMA pathway and α-synuclein aggregation using bioactive ingredients (Dihydromyricetin (DHM) and Salvianolic acid B (Sal B)) extracted from natural medicinal plants. In both cell-free and cellular models of α-synuclein aggregation, after administration of DHM and Sal B, we observed significant inhibition of α-synuclein accumulation and aggregation. Cells were co-transfected with a C-terminal modified α-synuclein (SynT) and synphilin-1, and then treated with DHM (10 μM) and Sal B (50 μM) 16 hours after transfection; levels of α-synuclein aggregation decreased significantly (68% for DHM and 75% for Sal B). Concomitantly, we detected increased levels of LAMP-1 (a marker of lysosomal homeostasis) and LAMP-2A (a key marker of CMA). Immunofluorescence analyses showed increased colocalization between LAMP-1 and LAMP-2A with α-synuclein inclusions after treatment with DHM and Sal B. We also found increased levels of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2A both in vitro and in vivo, along with decreased levels of α-synuclein. Moreover, DHM and Sal B treatments exhibited anti-inflammatory activities, preventing astroglia- and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in BAC-α-syn-GFP transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that DHM and Sal B are effective in modulating α-synuclein accumulation and aggregate formation and augmenting activation of CMA, holding potential for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zhen Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province and Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mustafa Ardah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Caroline Haikal
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Meike Diepenbroek
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nishant N. Vaikath
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wen Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Institute of Heath Sciences, China Medical University, 110112 Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Omar M. El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Heath Sciences, China Medical University, 110112 Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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174
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Schulte M, Frick K, Gnandt E, Jurkovic S, Burschel S, Labatzke R, Aierstock K, Fiegen D, Wohlwend D, Gerhardt S, Einsle O, Friedrich T. A mechanism to prevent production of reactive oxygen species by Escherichia coli respiratory complex I. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2551. [PMID: 31186428 PMCID: PMC6560083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complex I plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism coupling NADH oxidation to proton translocation. In humans its dysfunction is associated with degenerative diseases. Here we report the structure of the electron input part of Aquifex aeolicus complex I at up to 1.8 Å resolution with bound substrates in the reduced and oxidized states. The redox states differ by the flip of a peptide bond close to the NADH binding site. The orientation of this peptide bond is determined by the reduction state of the nearby [Fe-S] cluster N1a. Fixation of the peptide bond by site-directed mutagenesis led to an inactivation of electron transfer and a decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We suggest the redox-gated peptide flip to represent a previously unrecognized molecular switch synchronizing NADH oxidation in response to the redox state of the complex as part of an intramolecular feed-back mechanism to prevent ROS production. Respiratory complex I plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism coupling NADH oxidation to proton translocation. Here, the authors report the structure of the electron input part of Aquifex aeolicus complex I at up to 1.8 Å resolution with bound substrates in the reduced and oxidized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schulte
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaudia Frick
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Gnandt
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Jurkovic
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Burschel
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Labatzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Aierstock
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Lead Identification and Optimization Sup, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dennis Fiegen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Lead Identification and Optimization Sup, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Daniel Wohlwend
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gerhardt
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Friedrich
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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175
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Chen X, Yu C, Guo M, Zheng X, Ali S, Huang H, Zhang L, Wang S, Huang Y, Qie S, Wang J. Down-Regulation of m6A mRNA Methylation Is Involved in Dopaminergic Neuronal Death. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2355-2363. [PMID: 30835997 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification that occurs in the mRNA of eukaryotes and plays a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation. Recent studies highlighted the biological significance of m6A modification in the nervous system, and its dysregulation has been shown to be related to degenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurological disorder with its pathogenesis still not fully elucidated. Reports have shown that epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, which alter gene expression, are associated with PD. In this study, we found that global m6A modification of mRNAs is down-regulated in 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cells and the striatum of PD rat brain. To further explore the relationship between m6A mRNA methylation and molecular mechanism of PD, we decreased m6A in dopaminergic cells by overexpressing a nucleic acid demethylase, FTO, or by m6A inhibitor. The results showed that m6A reduction could induce the expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 1, and elevate oxidative stress and Ca2+ influx, resulting in dopaminergic neuron apoptosis. Collectively, m6A modification may play a vital role in the death of dopaminergic neuron, which provides a novel view of mRNA methylation to understand the epigenetic regulation of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechai Chen
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Chunyu Yu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Minjun Guo
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Sakhawat Ali
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Hua Huang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Center for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, 64 Shixing Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Shensen Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang, Badachu Road, Shijingshan
District, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100122, China
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176
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Guttuso T, Andrzejewski KL, Lichter DG, Andersen JK. Targeting kinases in Parkinson's disease: A mechanism shared by LRRK2, neurotrophins, exenatide, urate, nilotinib and lithium. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:121-130. [PMID: 31129265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several kinases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), most notably leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), as LRRK2 mutations are the most common genetic cause of a late-onset parkinsonism that is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic PD. More recently, several other kinases have emerged as promising disease-modifying targets in PD based on both preclinical studies and clinical reports on exenatide, the urate precursor inosine, nilotinib and lithium use in PD patients. These kinases include protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinases-3β and -3α (GSK-3β and GSK-3α), c-Abelson kinase (c-Abl) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). Activities of each of these kinases are involved either directly or indirectly in phosphorylating tau or increasing α-synuclein levels, intracellular proteins whose toxic oligomeric forms are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. GSK-3β, GSK-3α and cdk5 are the principle kinases involved in phosphorylating tau at sites critical for the formation of tau oligomers. Exenatide analogues, urate, nilotinib and lithium have been shown to affect one or more of the above kinases, actions that can decrease the formation and increase the clearance of intraneuronal phosphorylated tau and α-synuclein. Here we review the current preclinical and clinical evidence supporting kinase-targeting agents as potential disease-modifying therapies for PD patients enriched with these therapeutic targets and incorporate LRRK2 physiology into this novel model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guttuso
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Kelly L Andrzejewski
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - David G Lichter
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Julie K Andersen
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America.
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177
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George G, Valiya Parambath S, Lokappa SB, Varkey J. Construction of Parkinson's disease marker-based weighted protein-protein interaction network for prioritization of co-expressed genes. Gene 2019; 697:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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178
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Doping effect and fluorescence quenching mechanism of N-doped graphene quantum dots in the detection of dopamine. Talanta 2019; 196:563-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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179
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Bono F, Mutti V, Savoia P, Barbon A, Bellucci A, Missale C, Fiorentini C. Nicotine prevents alpha-synuclein accumulation in mouse and human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons through activation of the dopamine D3- acetylcholine nicotinic receptor heteromer. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 129:1-12. [PMID: 31051233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that in mouse dopaminergic neurons, the heteromer formed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the β2 subunit of acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) exerts neurotrophic effects when activated by nicotine, leading to neurons with enlarged cell bodies and increased dendrite arborization. Beside this action, we now show that nicotine, by activating the D3R-nAChR heteromer, protects dopaminergic neurons against neuronal injury. In primary cultures of mouse dopaminergic neurons, in fact, the ability of nicotine to inhibit both the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein induced by glucose deprivation and the consequent morphological defects were strongly prevented by disrupting the D3R-nAChR heteromer with specific interfering TAT-peptides; the relevance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling in mediating nicotine prevention of alpha-synuclein aggregation has been also demonstrated. Moreover, the ability of nicotine in restoring the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been found as a mechanism contributing to the neuroprotective properties of nicotine. By using the proximity ligation assay, we have shown that the D3R-nAChR heteromer is also expressed in human dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. In this human cell model, nicotine exerts neuroprotective effects specifically acting through the D3R-nAChR complex thus indicating that this heteromer is a relevant molecular effector involved in the protection of human dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bono
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Laboratory of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Mutti
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Laboratory of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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180
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Liu S, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Meng S, Li S, Wang X. Inhibition of SIRT2 by Targeting GSK3β-Mediated Phosphorylation Alleviates SIRT2 Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:148. [PMID: 31105527 PMCID: PMC6492038 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the inhibition of SIRT2 rescues α-synuclein toxicity in a cellular model of PD. Recent studies have focused on identifying inhibitors of SIRT2, but little is known about the processes that directly regulate its function. GSK3β is a serine/threonine protein kinase that affects a wide range of biological functions, and it is localized in Lewy bodies (LBs). Therefore, we investigated whether SIRT2 is regulated by GSK3β and enhances cell death in PD. In the present study, Western blot showed that total SIRT2 levels did not change noticeably in a cellular model of PD but that SIRT2 phosphorylation was increased, and GSK3β activity was elevated. In addition, mass spectrometry (MS) studies indicated that SIRT2 was phosphorylated by GSK3β at three specific sites. Phospho- or dephospho-mimicking studies demonstrated that this postmodification (phosphorylation) increased SIRT2 toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, our findings identify a posttranslational mechanism that controls SIRT2 function in PD and provide evidence for a novel regulatory pathway involving GSK3β, SIRT2, and α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuji Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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181
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Strehse JS, Protopapas N, Maser E. Carbonyl reductase sniffer from the model organism daphnia: Cloning, substrate determination and inhibitory sensitivity. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:29-36. [PMID: 30991043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl reductases (CRs) represent a fundamental enzymatic defense mechanism against oxidative stress. While commonly two carbonyl reductases (CBR1 and CBR3) are found in mammalian genomes, invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster express no CR but a functional homolog to human CBR1, termed sniffer. The importance of sniffer could be demonstrated in D. melanogaster where it protected against age-dependent neurodegeneration. Interestingly, the microcrustacean Daphnia harbors four copies of the CR gene (CR1, CR2, CR3, CR4) in addition to one sniffer gene. Due to this unique equipment Daphnia is an ideal model organism to investigate the function of sniffer. Recombinant sniffer from D. magna und D. pules were produced in E. coli, purified by Ni-affinity chromatography and tested with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic diketones, reactive aldehydes and precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGE). The highest catalytic activities were determined for sniffer from D. pulex with the aromatic dicarbonyls 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (kcat/Km = 2.6 s-1 x μM-1) and isatin (kcat/Km = 1.5 s-1 x μM-1). While sniffer from D. magna displayed preference for the same two substances, the respective catalytic activities were noticeably lower. Kinetic constants with aliphatic diketones were generally lower than those with aromatic dicarbonyls for both sniffer enzymes. The best aliphatic diketone as substrate for sniffer from D. magna and D. pulex was hexane-3,4-dione with kcat/Km = 0.23 s-1 μM-1 and kcat/Km = 0.35 s-1 μM-1, respectively. Poor or no detectable activity of the two sniffer enzymes was seen with the aliphatic diketones 2,5-hexanedione and 3,5-heptanedione, the aldehydes butanal, hexanal, decanal, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, trans-2-hexenal, and the AGE precursors glyoxal, methylglyoxal, furfural and glyceraldehyde, indicating no physiological function in the metabolism of short-chain aldehydes. Substrate inhibition for both sniffer enzymes was observed with the quinone substrates 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. From a variety of pesticides endosulfan turned out as an effective inhibitor of the sniffer enzymes (Ki = 9.2 μM for sniffer from D. magna, Ki = 12.0 μM for sniffer from D. pulex). In conclusion, the present results on sniffer from the protein superfamily of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) in Daphnia ssp. complement earlier studies on carbonyl reductases in the same species and indicate that Daphnia is an interesting model to study the overall response to carbonyl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Strehse
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Protopapas
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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182
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Tamtaji OR, Naderi Taheri M, Notghi F, Alipoor R, Bouzari R, Asemi Z. The effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on Parkinson's disease: Current status and future perspectives for molecular mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12156-12166. [PMID: 30938859 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the progressive neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common. Different factors have critical role in pathophysiology of PD such as apoptosis pathways, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitters and its receptors abnormalities. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture were considered as nondrug therapies for PD. Although numerous studies has been conducted for assessing the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture and acupuncture, various principal aspects of these treatment procedures remain not well-known. There have also been few investigations on the molecular mechanism of acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapy effects in PD. This review evaluates the effects of electroacupuncture and acupuncture on the molecular mechanism in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojtaba Naderi Taheri
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Deptartment of Community Health and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fahimeh Notghi
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Alipoor
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reihanesadat Bouzari
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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183
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Xu LL, Wu YF, Yan F, Li CC, Dai Z, You QD, Jiang ZY, Di B. 5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DDO-7263), a novel Nrf2 activator targeting brain tissue, protects against MPTP-induced subacute Parkinson's disease in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and protects PC12 cells against oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:288-303. [PMID: 30615919 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common aging-related neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are critical events in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. In this study, we found that DDO-7263, a novel Nrf2-ARE activator reported by us, has ideal therapeutic effects on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease in mice. DDO-7263 improved the behavioral abnormalities induced by MPTP in mice, significantly attenuated chemically induced dopaminergic neuron loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of the mouse brain and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors. In addition, DDO-7263 protected PC12 neurons from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The neuroprotective effects of DDO-7263 were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo models. Further studies showed that the neuroprotective effect of DDO-7263 was mediated by the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. DDO-7263 induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition is dependent on Nrf2 activation. This conclusion was also verified in THP-1-derived macrophages (THP-Ms). DDO-7263 significantly inhibited NLRP3 activation, cleaved caspase-1 production and IL-1β protein expression in ATP-LPS-exposed THP-Ms cells. The pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution results indicated that DDO-7263 has a brain tissue targeting function. All these lines of evidence show that DDO-7263 has ideal therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cui-Cui Li
- Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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184
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Khalifeh M, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Trehalose as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1173-1189. [PMID: 30767205 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder resulting primarily from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. PD is characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates, and evidence suggests that aberrant protein deposition in dopaminergic neurons could be related to the dysregulation of the lysosomal autophagy pathway. The therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators has been reported in experimental models of PD. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that has been considered as a new candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It has a chaperone-like activity, prevents protein misfolding or aggregation, and by promoting autophagy, contributes to the removal of accumulated proteins. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of aberrant autophagy in PD and the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development of this disease. We also discuss reports that used trehalose to counteract the neurotoxicity in PD, focusing particularly on the autophagy promoting, protein stabilization, and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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185
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Howson PA, Johnston TH, Ravenscroft P, Hill MP, Su J, Brotchie JM, Koprich JB. Beneficial Effects of Trehalose on Striatal Dopaminergic Deficits in Rodent and Primate Models of Synucleinopathy in Parkinson's Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:364-374. [PMID: 30918068 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease modification in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an unmet medical need. In the current study, we evaluated trehalose, a safe and well-tolerated disaccharide that has previously demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In a rat model of PD, based on delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 1/2 containing the mutated human A53T α-synuclein gene (AAV1/2-hourA53T-aSyn) to the substantia nigra (SN), we showed that rats administered trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day, by mouth) for 6 weeks had less forelimb asymmetry (93% reduction) and higher striatal dopamine (54% increase) compared with rats receiving vehicle. In a pharmacokinetic study, we determined that efficacy was associated with plasma C max of 8900 ng/ml and area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-inf) of 11,136 hour⋅ng/ml. We then showed, in macaques, that oral administration of trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day) produced plasma exposures of similar magnitude, with plasma C max of 10,918 ng/ml and AUC0-inf of 27,445 hour⋅ng/ml. In a macaque model of PD, also based on delivery of AAV1/2-hourA53T-aSyn to the SN, trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day, by mouth), administered for 142 days, produced higher striatal dopamine (by 39%) and dopamine transporter levels (by 50%), compared with macaques receiving vehicle. In neither model did trehalose treatment prevent loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive (TH+ve) cells in the SN or alter α-synuclein levels in the striatum. These studies demonstrated that trehalose reduces striatal dopaminergic deficits in a rodent and macaque model of synucleinopathy in PD. Furthermore, we have determined the pharmacokinetic parameters associated with efficacy, and thus defined exposures to target in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Howson
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Tom H Johnston
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Paula Ravenscroft
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Michael P Hill
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Jin Su
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - James B Koprich
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
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186
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Ball N, Teo WP, Chandra S, Chapman J. Parkinson's Disease and the Environment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:218. [PMID: 30941085 PMCID: PMC6433887 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder that affects an estimated 10 million sufferers worldwide. The two forms of PD include familial and sporadic, and while the etiology of PD is still largely unknown, the condition is likely to be multifactorial with genetic and environmental factors contributing to disease genesis. Diagnosis of the condition is attained through the observation of cardinal clinical manifestations including resting tremor, muscle rigidity, slowness or loss of movement, and postural instability. Unfortunately, by the time these features become apparent extensive neurological damage has already occurred. A cure for PD has not been identified and the current therapy options are pharmaceutical- and/or surgical-based interventions to treat condition symptoms. There is no specific test for PD and most diagnoses are confirmed by a combination of clinical symptoms and positive responses to dopaminergic drug therapies. The prevalence and incidence of PD vary worldwide influenced by several factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, genetic susceptibilities, and environmental exposures. Here, we will present environmental factors implicated in sporadic PD onset. By understanding the mechanisms in which environmental factors interact with, and affect the brain we can stride toward finding the underlying cause(s) of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ball
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaneel Chandra
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - James Chapman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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187
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CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of Glia Maturation Factor Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics by Attenuation of the NRF2/HO-1 Dependent Ferritin Activation in Glial Cells. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:537-550. [PMID: 30810907 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are brain specific professional phagocytic immune cells that play a crucial role in the inflammation- mediated neurodegeneration especially in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease. Glia maturation factor (GMF) is a neuroinflammatory protein abundantly expressed in the brain. We have previously shown that GMF expression is significantly upregulated in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD brains. However, its possible role in PD progression is still not fully understood. The Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR Associated (Cas) protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a simple, rapid and often extremely efficient gene editing tool at desired loci, enabling complete gene knockout or homology directed repair. In this study, we examined the effect of GMF editing by using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in BV2 microglial cells (hereafter referred to as BV2-G) on oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/Hemeoxygenase1 (HO-1)-dependent ferritin activation after treatment with (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) MPP+. Knockout of GMF in BV2-G cells significantly attenuated oxidative stress via reduced ROS production and calcium flux. Furthermore, deficiency of GMF significantly reduced nuclear translocation of NRF2, which modulates HO-1 and ferritin activation, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in BV2 microglial cells. Lack of GMF significantly improved CD11b and CD68 positive microglial cells as compared with untreated cells. Our results also suggest that pharmacological and genetic intervention targeting GMF may represent a promising and a novel therapeutic strategy in controlling Parkinsonism by regulating microglial functions. Targeted regulation of GMF possibly mediates protein aggregation in microglial homeostasis associated with PD progression through regulation of iron metabolism by modulating NRF2-HO1 and ferritin expression.
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188
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Lee S, Kim S, Park YJ, Yun SP, Kwon SH, Kim D, Kim DY, Shin JS, Cho DJ, Lee GY, Ju HS, Yun HJ, Park JH, Kim WR, Jung EA, Lee S, Ko HS. The c-Abl inhibitor, Radotinib HCl, is neuroprotective in a preclinical Parkinson's disease mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2344-2356. [PMID: 29897434 PMCID: PMC6005030 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and c-Abl inhibition could be neuroprotective in PD and related α-synucleinopathies. Nilotinib, a c-Abl inhibitor, has shown improved motor and cognitive symptoms in PD patients. However, issues concerning blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, lack of selectivity and safety still remain. Radotinib HCl is a selective Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor that not only effectively access the brain, but also exhibits greater pharmacokinetic properties and safety profiles compared to Nilotinib and other c-Abl inhibitors. Here, we show the neuroprotective efficacy of Radotinib HCl, a brain penetrant c-Abl inhibitor, in a pre-clinical model of PD. Importantly, in vitro studies demonstrate that the treatment of Radotinib HCl protects the α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF)-induced neuronal toxicity, reduces the α-synuclein PFF-induced Lewy bodies (LB)/Lewy neurites (LN)-like pathology and inhibits the α-synuclein PFF-induced c-Abl activation in primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, administration of Radotinib HCl inhibits c-Abl activation and prevents dopaminergic neuron loss, neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits following α-synuclein PFF-induced toxicity in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that Radotinib HCl has beneficial neuroprotective effects in PD and provides an evidence that selective and brain permeable c-Abl inhibitors can be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saebom Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yong Joo Park
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Central Research Institute, Il-Yang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Soo Shin
- Central Research Institute, Il-Yang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Cho
- Central Research Institute, Il-Yang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gong Yeal Lee
- Central Research Institute, Il-Yang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Ju
- Central Research Institute, Il-Yang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Yun
- Central Research Institute, Il-Yang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wonjoong Richard Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eun Ah Jung
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seulki Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Neuraly, Inc., Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA.,Neuraly, Inc., Germantown, MD 20876, USA.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
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189
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Thellung S, Corsaro A, Nizzari M, Barbieri F, Florio T. Autophagy Activator Drugs: A New Opportunity in Neuroprotection from Misfolded Protein Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040901. [PMID: 30791416 PMCID: PMC6412775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to critically analyze promises and limitations of pharmacological inducers of autophagy against protein misfolding-associated neurodegeneration. Effective therapies against neurodegenerative disorders can be developed by regulating the “self-defense” equipment of neurons, such as autophagy. Through the degradation and recycling of the intracellular content, autophagy promotes neuron survival in conditions of trophic factor deprivation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, or accumulation of misfolded proteins. Autophagy involves the activation of self-digestive pathways, which is different for dynamics (macro, micro and chaperone-mediated autophagy), or degraded material (mitophagy, lysophagy, aggrephagy). All neurodegenerative disorders share common pathogenic mechanisms, including the impairment of autophagic flux, which causes the inability to remove the neurotoxic oligomers of misfolded proteins. Pharmacological activation of autophagy is typically achieved by blocking the kinase activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) enzymatic complex 1 (mTORC1), removing its autophagy suppressor activity observed under physiological conditions; acting in this way, rapamycin provided the first proof of principle that pharmacological autophagy enhancement can induce neuroprotection through the facilitation of oligomers’ clearance. The demand for effective disease-modifying strategies against neurodegenerative disorders is currently stimulating the development of a wide number of novel molecules, as well as the re-evaluation of old drugs for their pro-autophagic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Thellung
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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190
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. To develop therapeutic strategies to halt or slow the neurodegenerative process, it is imperative that we understand the pathogenesis of PD. With the current state of knowledge, multiple pathological pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation due to microglial activation, apoptotic pathway activation via Abelson (c-Abl)tyrosine kinase enzyme, and DA toxins have been incriminated in causing DA neuronal death in PD. In the recent times, there is growing evidence of the role of c-Abl nonreceptor tyrosine kinase in the pathogenesis of PD. We give a short account of the potential of c-Abl inhibitors, the currently used anticancer drugs such as nilotinib in preventing the neurodegenerative process in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dash
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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191
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Maniati MS, Maniati M, Yousefi T, Ahmadi‐Ahangar A, Tehrani SS. New insights into the role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in most common neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8908-8918. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeed Maniati
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Department of English Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Alijan Ahmadi‐Ahangar
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
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192
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Tan SH, Karri V, Tay NWR, Chang KH, Ah HY, Ng PQ, Ho HS, Keh HW, Candasamy M. Emerging pathways to neurodegeneration: Dissecting the critical molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:765-777. [PMID: 30612001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are usually sporadic in nature and commonly influenced by a wide range of genetic, life style and environmental factors. A unifying feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is the abnormal accumulation and processing of mutant or damaged intra and extracellular proteins; this leads to neuronal vulnerability and dysfunction in the brain. Through a detailed review of ubiquitin proteasome, mRNA splicing, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress pathway interrelation on neurodegeneration can improve the understanding of the disease mechanism. The identified pathways common to AD and PD nominate promising new targets for further studies, and as well as biomarkers. These insights suggested would likely provide major stimuli for developing unified treatment approaches to combat neurodegeneration. More broadly, pathways can serve as vehicles for integrating findings from diverse studies of neurodegeneration. The evidence examined in this review provides a brief overview of the current literature on significant pathways in promoting in AD, PD. Additionally, these insights suggest that biomarkers and treatment strategies may require simultaneous targeting of multiple components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hong Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Venkatanaidu Karri
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Faculty of Health, Medicines, Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Wuen Rong Tay
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Hui Chang
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Yen Ah
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phui Qi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui San Ho
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hsiao Wai Keh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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193
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Genetic activation of parkin rescues TAF15-induced neurotoxicity in a Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 73:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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194
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Khoshi A, Goodarzi G, Mohammadi R, Arezumand R, Moghbeli M, Najariyan M. Reducing effect of insulin resistance on alpha-synuclein gene expression in skeletal muscle. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:99. [PMID: 31827624 PMCID: PMC6889442 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) as the presynaptic protein is expressed in different tissues and prevents insulin-resistance (IR) through increasing glucose-uptake by adipocytes and muscles. However, the effect of insulin metabolism on SNCA expression has scarcely elucidated. In present study we assessed the probable effect of insulin resistance on SNCA expression in muscle C2C12 cells and also skeletal muscle tissues of type 2 diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two experimental groups, including control and type 2 diabetic mice with IR (induced by high-fat diet + low-dose streptozotocin). The animals of the study involved the measurements of fasting blood glucose, oral-glucose-tolerance-test, as well as fasting plasma insulin. Moreover, insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive muscle C2C12 cells were prepared. The insulin-resistance was confirmed by the glucose-uptake assay. Comparative quantitative real time PCR was used to assess the SNCA expression. RESULTS The obtained results have showed a significant ~ 27% decrease in SNCA expression level in muscle tissue of diabetic mice (P = 0.022). Moreover, there was a significant change of SNCA expression in insulin-resistant C2C12 cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Type 2 diabetes due to insulin-resistance can decrease SNCA gene expression in muscles. In addition to the role of SNCA in cell susceptibility to insulin and glucose uptake, the SNCA expression can also be affected by insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Khoshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Arkan Roadway, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Arkan Roadway, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mohammadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Arezumand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Najariyan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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195
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Vinnakota RL, Yedlapudi D, Manda KM, Bhamidipati K, Bommakanti KT, RangaLakshmi GS, Kalivendi SV. Identification of an Alternatively Spliced α-Synuclein Isoform That Generates a 41-Amino Acid N-Terminal Truncated Peptide, 41-syn: Role in Dopamine Homeostasis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2948-2958. [PMID: 29996045 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic protein, α-synuclein (α-syn), has been shown to play a crucial role in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The three major domains of α-syn protein were shown to govern its membrane interaction, protein fibrillation, and chaperone activity. So far, four different alternatively spliced isoforms of α-syn, which lack either exon 3 (syn-126) or exon 5 (syn-112) or both (syn-98) resulting in altered function of the proteins, have been identified. In the present study, we have identified the smallest isoform of α-syn due to the skipping of exons 3 and 4 generating a 238 bp transcript. Due to the presence of a premature stop codon, the 238 bp transcript generated a 41 aa N-terminal peptide instead of the 78 aa protein, which is secreted into the extracellular medium when overexpressed in cells. The presence of 41-syn was initially noticed in the substantia nigra of PD autopsy tissues, as well as in cells undergoing oxidative stress. In vitro studies inferred that 41-syn neither aggregates nor alters the aggregation propensity of either WT or 112-syn. Overexpression of 41-syn or treatment of cells with 41-syn peptide did not affect cell viability. However, PC-12 cells treated with 41-syn exhibited a time and dose dependent enhancement in the cellular uptake of dopamine. Based on the physiological role of the N-terminal region of α-syn in modulating membrane trafficking events, we believe that the identification of 41-syn may provide novel impetus in unraveling the physiological basis of alternative splicing events in governing PD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G Sree RangaLakshmi
- Department of Neurology, Osmania General Hospital, Afzal Gunj, Hyderabad, 500012 TS, India
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196
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Tseng YT, Lin WJ, Chang WH, Lo YC. The novel protective effects of loganin against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity: Enhancement of neurotrophic signaling, activation of IGF-1R/GLP-1R, and inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway. Phytother Res 2018; 33:690-701. [PMID: 30556245 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside obtained from fruits of Cornus officinalis, possesses anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, and osteoporosis prevention effects. Loganin has been linked to neuroprotection in several models of neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of loganin are still mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrated the protective effects of loganin against PD mimetic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and the important roles of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the neuroprotective mechanisms of loganin. In primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures treated with or without MPP+ , loganin up-regulated expressions of neurotrophic signals including IGF-1R, GLP-1R, p-Akt, BDNF, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Loganin protected against MPP+ -induced apoptosis by up-regulating antiapoptotic protein and down-regulating proapoptotic protein. Moreover, loganin attenuated MPP+ -induced neurite damage via up-regulation of GAP43 and down-regulation of membrane-RhoA/ROCK2/p-LIMK/p-cofilin. Loganin also attenuated MPP+ -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, both AG1024, an IGF-1R antagonist, and exendin 9-39, a GLP-1R antagonist, attenuated the protective effects of loganin on MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, neurite length decrease, and ROS production. Our results suggest that loganin attenuates MPP+ -induced apoptotic death, neurite damage, and oxidative stress through enhancement of neurotrophic signaling, activation of IGF-1R/GLP-1R, and inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway, providing the evidence that loganin possesses novel neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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197
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Gao G, Chen R, He M, Li J, Li J, Wang L, Sun T. Gold nanoclusters for Parkinson's disease treatment. Biomaterials 2018; 194:36-46. [PMID: 30576972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery for Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging. Here we report that gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) can serve as a novel candidate for the design of anti-PD drugs. With N-isobutyryl-l-cysteine (L-NIBC) protected AuNCs as an example, we show that AuNCs effectively prevent α-Synuclein (α-Syn) fibrillation in in vitro experiments. Cell experiments demonstrate good neuroprotective effects in PD cell models. More significantly, experiments of mouse PD model further show that AuNCs largely ameliorate the behavioral disorders of sick mice. In addition, immunohistochemical and western blot (WB) analyses indicate that AuNCs can significantly reverse dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss in substantia nigra and striatum of sick mice. This study opens up a novel avenue to develop anti-PD drugs and points a new direction for AuNCs in medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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198
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Aftab S, Ozcelikay G, Kurbanoglu S, Shah A, Iftikhar FJ, Ozkan SA. A novel electrochemical nanosensor based on NH 2-functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of catechol-orto-methyltransferase inhibitor entacapone. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 165:73-81. [PMID: 30503895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an antiparkinson drug Entacapone (ENP) is electrochemically investigated under optimized conditions using NH2 functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes (NH2fMWCNT) decorated over glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The surface morphology of the NH2fMWCNT/GCE was probed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) armed with EDX analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to investigate the electron transfer capability of modified and bare electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to compare the redox response of ENP on the surface of modified and unmodified electrodes. The influence of interfering agents was also studied to examine the selectivity of the designed sensor. For the purpose of practical applicability of the proposed method, differential pulse voltammetric method was applied for the investigation of ENP in real samples i.e., tablet, human serum and urine. Almost 100% recovery percentages were obtained from tablet, serum and urine samples with RSD% values of less than 2% for all the samples, thus, suggesting promising applicability of the designed electrochemical sensing platform (NH2fMWCNT/GCE) for determination of ENP in pharmaceutical dosage and real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aftab
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Goksu Ozcelikay
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan; University of Bahrain, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Sakhir, 32038, Bahrain
| | - Faiza Jan Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
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199
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Inhibition of Microglia-Derived Oxidative Stress by Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Protects Dopamine Neurons In Vivo from MPP⁺ Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113543. [PMID: 30423807 PMCID: PMC6274815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that capsaicin (CAP), an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), inhibits microglia activation and microglia-derived oxidative stress in the substantia nigra (SN) of MPP⁺-lesioned rat. However, the detailed mechanisms how microglia-derived oxidative stress is regulated by CAP remain to be determined. Here we report that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) endogenously produced by CAP-activated astrocytes through TRPV1, but not microglia, inhibits microglial activation and microglia-derived oxidative stress, as assessed by OX-6 and OX-42 immunostaining and hydroethidine staining, respectively, resulting in neuroprotection. The significant increase in levels of CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRα) expression was evident on microglia in the MPP⁺-lesioned rat SN and the observed beneficial effects of CNTF was abolished by treatment with CNTF receptor neutralizing antibody. It is therefore likely that CNTF can exert its effect via CNTFRα on microglia, which rescues dopamine neurons in the SN of MPP⁺-lesioned rats and ameliorates amphetamine-induced rotations. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed also a significantly increased expression of CNTFRα on microglia in the SN from human Parkinson's disease patients compared with age-matched controls, indicating that these findings may have relevance to the disease. These data suggest that CNTF originated from TRPV1 activated astrocytes may be beneficial to treat neurodegenerative disease associated with neuro-inflammation such as Parkinson's disease.
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200
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Takeuchi H, Inagaki S, Morozumi W, Nakano Y, Inoue Y, Kuse Y, Mizoguchi T, Nakamura S, Funato M, Kaneko H, Hara H, Shimazawa M. VGF nerve growth factor inducible is involved in retinal ganglion cells death induced by optic nerve crush. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16443. [PMID: 30401804 PMCID: PMC6219571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) is a polypeptide that is induced by neurotrophic factors and is involved in neurite growth and neuroprotection. The mRNA of the Vgf gene has been detected in the adult rat retina, however the roles played by VGF in the retina are still undetermined. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of VGF on the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of mice in the optic nerve crush (ONC) model, rat-derived primary cultured RGCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived RGCs. The mRNA and protein of Vgf were upregulated after the ONC. Immunostaining showed that the VGF was located in glial cells including Müller glia and astrocytes but not in the retinal neurons and their axons. AQEE-30, a VGF peptide, suppressed the loss of RGCs induced by the ONC, and it increased survival rat-derived RGCs and promoted the outgrowth of neurites of rat and human iPSCs derived RGCs in vitro. These findings indicate that VGF plays important roles in neuronal degeneration and has protective effects against the ONC on RGCs. Thus, VGF should be considered as a treatment of RGCs degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Wataru Morozumi
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukimichi Nakano
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kuse
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michinori Funato
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideo Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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