151
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Sahay R, Machado F, Ye B, Laumann CR, Yao NY. Emergent Ergodicity at the Transition between Many-Body Localized Phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:100604. [PMID: 33784134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strongly disordered systems in the many-body localized (MBL) phase can exhibit ground state order in highly excited eigenstates. The interplay between localization, symmetry, and topology has led to the characterization of a broad landscape of MBL phases ranging from spin glasses and time crystals to symmetry protected topological phases. Understanding the nature of phase transitions between these different forms of eigenstate order remains an essential open question. Here, we conjecture that no direct transition between distinct MBL orders can occur in one dimension; rather, an ergodic phase always intervenes. Motivated by recent advances in Rydberg-atom-based quantum simulation, we propose an experimental protocol where the intervening ergodic phase can be diagnosed via the dynamics of local observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sahay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Francisco Machado
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bingtian Ye
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chris R Laumann
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Norman Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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152
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Sillus C, Franzen T, Pollklesener B, Görlitz A. Active position stabilization of an atomic cloud in a narrow-line magneto-optical trap using a Raspberry Pi. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033204. [PMID: 33819988 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a simple method for an active position stabilization of an atomic cloud trapped in a magneto-optical trap operating on the narrow 182 kHz intercombination line of atomic ytterbium. Our method makes use of the significant sensitivity of the position of a narrow-line magneto-optical trap (MOT) on the laser frequency. After in situ detection of the MOT position using a Pi Camera, an error signal is generated by a Raspberry Pi, which is directly fed back onto the laser frequency. Thus, perturbations of the MOT position, e.g., due to drifts of the Zerodur cavity to which the MOT laser is stabilized or the ambient magnetic field, can be compensated directly. Our method allows for long-term stabilization of the MOT position on a 10 µm scale and thus improves loading of a tightly focused optical trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sillus
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - T Franzen
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - B Pollklesener
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - A Görlitz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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153
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Wang J, Xu H, Su R, Peng Y, Wu J, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Spontaneously coherent orbital coupling of counterrotating exciton polaritons in annular perovskite microcavities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:45. [PMID: 33649295 PMCID: PMC7921445 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polariton condensation is regarded as a spontaneous macroscopic quantum phenomenon with phase ordering and collective coherence. By engineering artificial annular potential landscapes in halide perovskite semiconductor microcavities, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the room-temperature spontaneous formation of a coherent superposition of exciton-polariton orbital states with symmetric petal-shaped patterns in real space, resulting from symmetry breaking due to the anisotropic effective potential of the birefringent perovskite crystals. The lobe numbers of such petal-shaped polariton condensates can be precisely controlled by tuning the annular potential geometry. These petal-shaped condensates form in multiple orbital states, carrying locked alternating π phase shifts and vortex-antivortex superposition cores, arising from the coupling of counterrotating exciton-polaritons in the confined circular waveguide. Our geometrically patterned microcavity exhibits promise for realizing room-temperature topological polaritonic devices and optical polaritonic switches based on periodic annular potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huawen Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yutian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
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154
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Kharbedia M, Caselli N, Herráez-Aguilar D, López-Menéndez H, Enciso E, Santiago JA, Monroy F. Moulding hydrodynamic 2D-crystals upon parametric Faraday waves in shear-functionalized water surfaces. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1130. [PMID: 33602940 PMCID: PMC7892544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faraday waves, or surface waves oscillating at half of the natural frequency when a liquid is vertically vibrated, are archetypes of ordering transitions on liquid surfaces. Although unbounded Faraday waves patterns sustained upon bulk frictional stresses have been reported in highly viscous fluids, the role of surface rigidity has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate that dynamically frozen Faraday waves-that we call 2D-hydrodynamic crystals-do appear as ordered patterns of nonlinear gravity-capillary modes in water surfaces functionalized with soluble (bio)surfactants endowing in-plane shear stiffness. The phase coherence in conjunction with the increased surface rigidity bears the Faraday waves ordering transition, upon which the hydrodynamic crystals were reversibly molded under parametric control of their degree of order, unit cell size and symmetry. The hydrodynamic crystals here discovered could be exploited in touchless strategies of soft matter and biological scaffolding ameliorated under external control of Faraday waves coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikheil Kharbedia
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niccolò Caselli
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Translational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Herráez-Aguilar
- grid.449795.20000 0001 2193 453XInstituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid Spain
| | - Horacio López-Menéndez
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Translational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Enciso
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Santiago
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7220.70000 0001 2157 0393Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Monroy
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Translational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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155
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Zhang J, Eigen C, Zheng W, Glidden JAP, Hilker TA, Garratt SJ, Lopes R, Cooper NR, Hadzibabic Z, Navon N. Many-Body Decay of the Gapped Lowest Excitation of a Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:060402. [PMID: 33635703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the decay mechanism of the gapped lowest-lying axial excitation of a quasipure atomic Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a cylindrical box trap. Owing to the absence of accessible lower-energy modes, or direct coupling to an external bath, this excitation is protected against one-body (linear) decay, and the damping mechanism is exclusively nonlinear. We develop a universal theoretical model that explains this fundamentally nonlinear damping as a process whereby two quanta of the gapped lowest excitation mode couple to a higher-energy mode, which subsequently decays into a continuum. We find quantitative agreement between our experiments and the predictions of this model. Finally, by strongly driving the system below its (lowest) resonant frequency, we observe third-harmonic generation, a hallmark of nonlinear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Eigen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jake A P Glidden
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Timon A Hilker
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Garratt
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Lopes
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nigel R Cooper
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zoran Hadzibabic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Navon
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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156
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Mirkin N, Wisniacki D. Quantum chaos, equilibration, and control in extremely short spin chains. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:L020201. [PMID: 33736103 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.l020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The environment of an open quantum system is usually modelled as a large many-body quantum system. However, when an isolated quantum system itself is a many-body quantum system, the question of how large and complex it must be to generate internal equilibration is an open key-point in the literature. In this work, by monitoring the degree of equilibration of a single spin through its purity degradation, we are able to sense the chaotic behavior of the generic spin chain to which it is coupled. Quite remarkably, this holds even in the case of extremely short spin chains composed of three spins, where we can also reproduce the whole integrable to chaos transition. Finally, we discuss implications on quantum control experiments and show that quantum chaos reigns over the best degree of control achieved, even in small chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Mirkin
- Departamento de Física J. J. Giambiagi and IFIBA, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Wisniacki
- Departamento de Física J. J. Giambiagi and IFIBA, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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157
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Thomas RA, Parniak M, Østfeldt C, Møller CB, Bærentsen C, Tsaturyan Y, Schliesser A, Appel J, Zeuthen E, Polzik ES. Entanglement between distant macroscopic mechanical and spin systems. NATURE PHYSICS 2021; 17:228-233. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-020-1031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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158
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De Nicola S, Michailidis AA, Serbyn M. Entanglement View of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:040602. [PMID: 33576663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The analogy between an equilibrium partition function and the return probability in many-body unitary dynamics has led to the concept of dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT). DQPTs are defined by nonanalyticities in the return amplitude and are present in many models. In some cases, DQPTs can be related to equilibrium concepts, such as order parameters, yet their universal description is an open question. In this Letter, we provide first steps toward a classification of DQPTs by using a matrix product state description of unitary dynamics in the thermodynamic limit. This allows us to distinguish the two limiting cases of "precession" and "entanglement" DQPTs, which are illustrated using an analytical description in the quantum Ising model. While precession DQPTs are characterized by a large entanglement gap and are semiclassical in their nature, entanglement DQPTs occur near avoided crossings in the entanglement spectrum and can be distinguished by a complex pattern of nonlocal correlations. We demonstrate the existence of precession and entanglement DQPTs beyond Ising models, discuss observables that can distinguish them, and relate their interplay to complex DQPT phenomenology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maksym Serbyn
- IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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159
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Heinz A, Trautmann J, Šantić N, Jihyun Park A, Bloch I, Blatt S. Crossed optical cavities with large mode diameters. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:250-253. [PMID: 33448999 DOI: 10.1364/ol.414076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a compact, ultrahigh-vacuum compatible optical assembly to create large-scale, two-dimensional optical lattices for use in experiments with ultracold atoms. The assembly consists of an octagon-shaped spacer made from ultra-low-expansion glass, to which we optically contact four fused silica cavity mirrors, making it highly mechanically and thermally stable. The mirror surfaces are nearly plane-parallel, which allows us to create two perpendicular cavity modes with diameters ∼1m m. Such large mode diameters are desirable to increase the optical lattice homogeneity, but lead to strong angular sensitivities of the coplanarity between the two cavity modes. We demonstrate a procedure to precisely position each mirror substrate that achieves a deviation from coplanarity of d=1(5)µm. Creating large optical lattices at arbitrary visible and near-infrared wavelengths requires significant power enhancements to overcome limitations in the available laser power. The cavity mirrors have a customized low-loss mirror coating that enhances the power at a set of relevant visible and near-infrared wavelengths by up to 3 orders of magnitude..
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160
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González-Cuadra D, Dauphin A, Grzybowski PR, Lewenstein M, Bermudez A. Dynamical Solitons and Boson Fractionalization in Cold-Atom Topological Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:265301. [PMID: 33449765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the Z_{2} Bose-Hubbard model, a chain of interacting bosons the tunneling of which is dressed by a dynamical Z_{2} field. The interplay between spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and topological symmetry protection gives rise to interesting fractional topological phenomena when the system is doped to certain incommensurate fillings. In particular, we hereby show how topological defects in the Z_{2} field can appear in the ground state, connecting different SSB sectors. These defects are dynamical and can travel through the lattice carrying both a topological charge and a fractional particle number. In the hardcore limit, this phenomenon can be understood through a bulk-defect correspondence. Using a pumping argument, we show that it survives also for finite interactions, demonstrating how boson fractionalization induced by topological defects can occur in strongly correlated bosonic systems. Our results indicate the possibility of observing this phenomenon, which appears for fermionic matter in solid-state and high-energy physics, using ultracold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D González-Cuadra
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - A Dauphin
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - P R Grzybowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - M Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bermudez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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161
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Spin transport in a tunable Heisenberg model realized with ultracold atoms. Nature 2020; 588:403-407. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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162
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Lewis-Swan RJ, Muleady SR, Rey AM. Detecting Out-of-Time-Order Correlations via Quasiadiabatic Echoes as a Tool to Reveal Quantum Coherence in Equilibrium Quantum Phase Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:240605. [PMID: 33412057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.240605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new dynamical method to connect equilibrium quantum phase transitions and quantum coherence using out-of-time-order correlations (OTOCs). Adopting the iconic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick and transverse-field Ising models as illustrative examples, we show that an abrupt change in coherence and entanglement of the ground state across a quantum phase transition is observable in the spectrum of multiple quantum coherence intensities, which are a special type of OTOC. We also develop a robust protocol to obtain the relevant OTOCs using quasi-adiabatic quenches through the ground state phase diagram. Our scheme allows for the detection of OTOCs without time reversal of coherent dynamics, making it applicable and important for a broad range of current experiments where time reversal cannot be achieved by inverting the sign of the underlying Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Lewis-Swan
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Muleady
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A M Rey
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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163
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Chu A, Will J, Arlt J, Klempt C, Rey AM. Simulation of XXZ Spin Models Using Sideband Transitions in Trapped Bosonic Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:240504. [PMID: 33412075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.240504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of motional sidebands in a trapped ensemble of ^{87}Rb atoms to engineer tunable long-range XXZ spin models. We benchmark our simulator by probing a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic dynamical phase transition in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, a collective XXZ model plus additional transverse and longitudinal fields, via Rabi spectroscopy. We experimentally reconstruct the boundary between the dynamical phases, which is in good agreement with mean-field theoretical predictions. Our work introduces new possibilities in quantum simulation of anisotropic spin-spin interactions and quantum metrology enhanced by many-body entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Chu
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Johannes Will
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Arlt
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carsten Klempt
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt e.V., Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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164
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Hurst HM, Guo S, Spielman IB. Feedback induced magnetic phases in binary Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2020; 2:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043325. [PMID: 34476407 PMCID: PMC8409225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Weak measurement in tandem with real-time feedback control is a new route toward engineering novel nonequilibrium quantum matter. Here we develop a theoretical toolbox for quantum feedback control of multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using backaction-limited weak measurements in conjunction with spatially resolved feedback. Feedback in the form of a single-particle potential can introduce effective interactions that enter into the stochastic equation governing system dynamics. The effective interactions are tunable and can be made analogous to Feshbach resonances-spin independent and spin dependent-but without changing atomic scattering parameters. Feedback cooling prevents runaway heating due to measurement backaction and we present an analytical model to explain its effectiveness. We showcase our toolbox by studying a two-component BEC using a stochastic mean-field theory, where feedback induces a phase transition between easy-axis ferromagnet and spin-disordered paramagnet phases. We present the steady-state phase diagram as a function of intrinsic and effective spin-dependent interaction strengths. Our result demonstrates that closed-loop quantum control of Bose-Einstein condensates is a powerful tool for quantum engineering in cold-atom systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M Hurst
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - Shangjie Guo
- Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I B Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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165
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Perlin MA, Qu C, Rey AM. Spin Squeezing with Short-Range Spin-Exchange Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:223401. [PMID: 33315447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.223401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate many-body spin squeezing dynamics in an XXZ model with interactions that fall off with distance r as 1/r^{α} in D=2 and 3 spatial dimensions. In stark contrast to the Ising model, we find a broad parameter regime where spin squeezing comparable to the infinite-range α=0 limit is achievable even when interactions are short ranged, α>D. A region of "collective" behavior in which optimal squeezing grows with system size extends all the way to the α→∞ limit of nearest-neighbor interactions. Our predictions, made using the discrete truncated Wigner approximation, are testable in a variety of experimental cold atomic, molecular, and optical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Perlin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Chunlei Qu
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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166
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Li S, Li G, Yang P, Wang Z, Zhang P, Zhang T. Versatile objectives with NA = 0.55 and NA = 0.78 for cold-atom experiments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36122-36130. [PMID: 33379714 DOI: 10.1364/oe.408945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present two sets of versatile high-numerical-apeture objectives suitable for various cold-atom experiments. The objectives are assembled entirely by the commercial on-shelf singlets. The two objectives are initially optimized at working wavelength of 852 nm with a standard 5-mm silica optical flat window. They have numerical apertures of NA=0.55 and NA=0.78, working distances of 23 and 12.8 mm, diffraction-limited fields of view of 98 and 15 μm, and spatial resolutions of 0.94 and 0.67 μm, respectively. These performances are simulated by the ray-tracing software and experimentally confirmed by imaging line patterns and a point-like emitter on a resolution chart. The two objectives can be further reoptimized at any single wavelengths from ultraviolet to near infrared and for various optical flat window with different thickness by only tuning one of lens spacing. The two objectives provide convenient and flexible options to observe and address individual atoms in single atom arrays or optical lattices for various cold-atom experiments.
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167
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Yang M, Pahl E, Brand J. Improved walker population control for full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0023088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Yang
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9056, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Elke Pahl
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University and Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Brand
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9056, New Zealand
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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168
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Mei F, Guo Q, Yu YF, Xiao L, Zhu SL, Jia S. Digital Simulation of Topological Matter on Programmable Quantum Processors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:160503. [PMID: 33124873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.160503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simulating the topological phases of matter in synthetic quantum simulators is a topic of considerable interest. Given the universality of digital quantum simulators, the prospect of digitally simulating exotic topological phases is greatly enhanced. However, it is still an open question how to realize the digital quantum simulation of topological phases of matter. Here, using common single- and two-qubit elementary quantum gates, we propose and demonstrate an approach to design topologically protected quantum circuits on the current generation of noisy quantum processors where spin-orbital coupling and related topological matter can be digitally simulated. In particular, a low-depth topological quantum circuit is performed on both the IBM and Rigetti quantum processors. In the experiments, we not only observe but also distinguish the 0 and π energy topological edge states by measuring the qubit excitation distribution at the output of the circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Fei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Shi-Liang Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, GPETR Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Frontier Research Institute for Physics and SPTE, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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169
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Generation of thermofield double states and critical ground states with a quantum computer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25402-25406. [PMID: 32989132 PMCID: PMC7568272 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006337117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our experiment prepares two types of nontrivial quantum states on a trapped ion quantum computer: the thermofield double state of the transverse-field Ising model at arbitrary temperature and the quantum critical state of the zero-temperature model. We use techniques motivated by the quantum approximate optimization algorithm, and we implement a hybrid quantum–classical optimization loop to prepare the quantum critical state. Our results pave the way for exploring strongly correlated models at finite temperature and teleportation protocols inspired by black hole physics. Finite-temperature phases of many-body quantum systems are fundamental to phenomena ranging from condensed-matter physics to cosmology, yet they are generally difficult to simulate. Using an ion trap quantum computer and protocols motivated by the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), we generate nontrivial thermal quantum states of the transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) by preparing thermofield double states at a variety of temperatures. We also prepare the critical state of the TFIM at zero temperature using quantum–classical hybrid optimization. The entanglement structure of thermofield double and critical states plays a key role in the study of black holes, and our work simulates such nontrivial structures on a quantum computer. Moreover, we find that the variational quantum circuits exhibit noise thresholds above which the lowest-depth QAOA circuits provide the best results.
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170
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Gabardos L, Zhu B, Lepoutre S, Rey AM, Laburthe-Tolra B, Vernac L. Relaxation of the Collective Magnetization of a Dense 3D Array of Interacting Dipolar S=3 Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143401. [PMID: 33064529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of the dynamics of the total magnetization and spin populations in an almost unit-filled lattice system comprising about 10^{4} spin S=3 chromium atoms, under the effect of dipolar interactions. The observed spin population dynamics is unaffected by the use of a spin echo and fully consistent with numerical simulations of the S=3 XXZ spin model. On the contrary, the observed magnetization decays slower than in simulations and, surprisingly, reaches a small but nonzero asymptotic value within the longest timescale. Our findings show that spin coherences are sensitive probes to systematic effects affecting quantum many-body behavior that cannot be diagnosed by merely measuring spin populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gabardos
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Bihui Zhu
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Steven Lepoutre
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Laurent Vernac
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
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171
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Hartke T, Oreg B, Jia N, Zwierlein M. Doublon-Hole Correlations and Fluctuation Thermometry in a Fermi-Hubbard Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:113601. [PMID: 32975995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the single atom and single site-resolved detection of the total density in a cold atom realization of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model. Fluorescence imaging of doublons is achieved by splitting each lattice site into a double well, thereby separating atom pairs. Full density readout yields a direct measurement of the equation of state, including direct thermometry via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Site-resolved density correlations reveal the Pauli hole at low filling, and strong doublon-hole correlations near half filling. These are shown to account for the difference between local and nonlocal density fluctuations in the Mott insulator. Our technique enables the study of atom-resolved charge transport in the Fermi-Hubbard model, the site-resolved observation of molecules, and the creation of bilayer Fermi-Hubbard systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartke
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Botond Oreg
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ningyuan Jia
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Zwierlein
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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172
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Schmitt M, Heyl M. Quantum Many-Body Dynamics in Two Dimensions with Artificial Neural Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:100503. [PMID: 32955321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficient numerical simulation of nonequilibrium real-time evolution in isolated quantum matter constitutes a key challenge for current computational methods. This holds in particular in the regime of two spatial dimensions, whose experimental exploration is currently pursued with strong efforts in quantum simulators. In this work we present a versatile and efficient machine learning inspired approach based on a recently introduced artificial neural network encoding of quantum many-body wave functions. We identify and resolve key challenges for the simulation of time evolution, which previously imposed significant limitations on the accurate description of large systems and long-time dynamics. As a concrete example, we study the dynamics of the paradigmatic two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model, as recently also realized experimentally in systems of Rydberg atoms. Calculating the nonequilibrium real-time evolution across a broad range of parameters, we, for instance, observe collapse and revival oscillations of ferromagnetic order and demonstrate that the reached timescales are comparable to or exceed the capabilities of state-of-the-art tensor network methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schmitt
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Markus Heyl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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173
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Boettcher I, Bienias P, Belyansky R, Kollár AJ, Gorshkov AV. Quantum simulation of hyperbolic space with circuit quantum electrodynamics: From graphs to geometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 102:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.032208. [PMID: 34136733 PMCID: PMC8204532 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.032208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show how quantum many-body systems on hyperbolic lattices with nearest-neighbor hopping and local interactions can be mapped onto quantum field theories in continuous negatively curved space. The underlying lattices have recently been realized experimentally with superconducting resonators and therefore allow for a table-top quantum simulation of quantum physics in curved background. Our mapping provides a computational tool to determine observables of the discrete system even for large lattices, where exact diagonalization fails. As an application and proof of principle we quantitatively reproduce the ground state energy, spectral gap, and correlation functions of the noninteracting lattice system by means of analytic formulas on the Poincaré disk, and show how conformal symmetry emerges for large lattices. This sets the stage for studying interactions and disorder on hyperbolic graphs in the future. Importantly, our analysis reveals that even relatively small discrete hyperbolic lattices emulate the continuous geometry of negatively curved space, and thus can be used to experimentally resolve fundamental open problems at the interface of interacting many-body systems, quantum field theory in curved space, and quantum gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Boettcher
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alicia J. Kollár
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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174
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Takasu Y, Yagami T, Asaka H, Fukushima Y, Nagao K, Goto S, Danshita I, Takahashi Y. Energy redistribution and spatiotemporal evolution of correlations after a sudden quench of the Bose-Hubbard model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba9255. [PMID: 32998897 PMCID: PMC7527220 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An optical lattice quantum simulator is an ideal experimental platform to investigate nonequilibrium dynamics of a quantum many-body system, which is, in general, hard to simulate with classical computers. Here, we use our quantum simulator of the Bose-Hubbard model to study dynamics far from equilibrium after a quantum quench. We successfully confirm the energy conservation law in the one- and three-dimensional systems and extract the propagation velocity of the single-particle correlation in the one- and two-dimensional systems. We corroborate the validity of our quantum simulator through quantitative comparisons between the experiments and the exact numerical calculations in one dimension. In the computationally hard cases of two or three dimensions, by using the quantum-simulation results as references, we examine the performance of a numerical method, namely, the truncated Wigner approximation, revealing its usefulness and limitation. This work constitutes an exemplary case for the usage of analog quantum simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Yagami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroto Asaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Fukushima
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nagao
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien and Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shimpei Goto
- Department of Physics, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ippei Danshita
- Department of Physics, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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175
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Arnal M, Chatelain G, Martinez M, Dupont N, Giraud O, Ullmo D, Georgeot B, Lemarié G, Billy J, Guéry-Odelin D. Chaos-assisted tunneling resonances in a synthetic Floquet superlattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/38/eabc4886. [PMID: 32948592 PMCID: PMC7500923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The field of quantum simulation, which aims at using a tunable quantum system to simulate another, has been developing fast in the past years as an alternative to the all-purpose quantum computer. So far, most efforts in this domain have been directed to either fully regular or fully chaotic systems. Here, we focus on the intermediate regime, where regular orbits are surrounded by a large sea of chaotic trajectories. We observe a quantum chaos transport mechanism, called chaos-assisted tunneling, that translates in sharp resonances of the tunneling rate and provides previously unexplored possibilities for quantum simulation. More specifically, using Bose-Einstein condensates in a driven optical lattice, we experimentally demonstrate and characterize these resonances. Our work paves the way for quantum simulations with long-range transport and quantum control through complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arnal
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - G Chatelain
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - M Martinez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - N Dupont
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - O Giraud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Ullmo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B Georgeot
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - G Lemarié
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - J Billy
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - D Guéry-Odelin
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
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176
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Shtanko O, Movassagh R. Unitary Subharmonic Response and Floquet Majorana Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:086804. [PMID: 32909776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.086804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection and manipulation of excitations with non-Abelian statistics, such as Majorana fermions, are essential for creating topological quantum computers. To this end, we show the connection between the existence of such localized particles and the phenomenon of unitary subharmonic response (SR) in periodically driven systems. In particular, starting from highly nonequilibrium initial states, the unpaired Majorana modes exhibit spin oscillations with twice the driving period, are localized, and can have exponentially long lifetimes in clean systems. While the lifetime of SR is limited in translationally invariant systems, we show that disorder can be engineered to stabilize the subharmonic response of Majorana modes. A viable observation of this phenomenon can be achieved using modern multiqubit hardware, such as superconducting circuits and cold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oles Shtanko
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ramis Movassagh
- IBM Research, MIT-IBM AI lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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177
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Noh JD, Sagawa T, Yeo J. Numerical Verification of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for Isolated Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:050603. [PMID: 32794835 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a hallmark of thermal equilibrium systems in the Gibbs state. We address the question whether the FDT is obeyed by isolated quantum systems in an energy eigenstate. In the framework of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, we derive the formal expression for two-time correlation functions in the energy eigenstates or in the diagonal ensemble. They satisfy the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition, which is the sufficient and necessary condition for the FDT, in the infinite system size limit. We also obtain the finite size correction to the FDT for finite-sized systems. With extensive numerical works for the XXZ spin chain model, we confirm our theory for the FDT and the finite size correction. Our results can serve as a guide line for an experimental study of the FDT on a finite-sized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Dong Noh
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Takahiro Sagawa
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Joonhyun Yeo
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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178
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Maček M, Dumitrescu PT, Bertrand C, Triggs B, Parcollet O, Waintal X. Quantum Quasi-Monte Carlo Technique for Many-Body Perturbative Expansions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:047702. [PMID: 32794809 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.047702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High order perturbation theory has seen an unexpected recent revival for controlled calculations of quantum many-body systems, even at strong coupling. We adapt integration methods using low-discrepancy sequences to this problem. They greatly outperform state-of-the-art diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulations. In practical applications, we show speed-ups of several orders of magnitude with scaling as fast as 1/N in sample number N; parametrically faster than 1/sqrt[N] in Monte Carlo simulations. We illustrate our technique with a solution of the Kondo ridge in quantum dots, where it allows large parameter sweeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Maček
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philipp T Dumitrescu
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Corentin Bertrand
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Bill Triggs
- Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38401 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Parcollet
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de physique théorique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xavier Waintal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, 38000 Grenoble, France
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179
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Koepsell J, Hirthe S, Bourgund D, Sompet P, Vijayan J, Salomon G, Gross C, Bloch I. Robust Bilayer Charge Pumping for Spin- and Density-Resolved Quantum Gas Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:010403. [PMID: 32678648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum gas microscopy has emerged as a powerful new way to probe quantum many-body systems at the microscopic level. However, layered or efficient spin-resolved readout methods have remained scarce as they impose strong demands on the specific atomic species and constrain the simulated lattice geometry and size. Here we present a novel high-fidelity bilayer readout, which can be used for full spin- and density-resolved quantum gas microscopy of two-dimensional systems with arbitrary geometry. Our technique makes use of an initial Stern-Gerlach splitting into adjacent layers of a highly stable vertical superlattice and subsequent charge pumping to separate the layers by 21 μm. This separation enables independent high-resolution images of each layer. We benchmark our method by spin- and density-resolving two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard systems. Our technique furthermore enables the access to advanced entropy engineering schemes, spectroscopic methods, or the realization of tunable bilayer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannis Koepsell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirthe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Dominik Bourgund
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Pimonpan Sompet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Jayadev Vijayan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Salomon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
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180
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Souza AMC, Almeida GMA, Mucciolo ER. Localization properties of a two-channel 3D Anderson model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:285504. [PMID: 32191929 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study two coupled 3D lattices, one of them featuring uncorrelated on-site disorder and the other one being fully ordered, and analyze how the interlattice hopping affects the localization-delocalization transition of the former and how the latter responds to it. We find that moderate hopping pushes down the critical disorder strength for the disordered channel throughout the entire spectrum compared to the usual phase diagram for the 3D Anderson model. In that case, the ordered channel begins to feature an effective disorder also leading to the emergence of mobility edges but with higher associated critical disorder values. Both channels become pretty much alike as their hopping strength is further increased, as expected. We also consider the case of two disordered components and show that in the presence of certain correlations among the parameters of both lattices, one obtains a disorder-free channel decoupled from the rest of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre M C Souza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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181
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Mizoguchi M, Zhang Y, Kunimi M, Tanaka A, Takeda S, Takei N, Bharti V, Koyasu K, Kishimoto T, Jaksch D, Glaetzle A, Kiffner M, Masella G, Pupillo G, Weidemüller M, Ohmori K. Ultrafast Creation of Overlapping Rydberg Electrons in an Atomic BEC and Mott-Insulator Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253201. [PMID: 32639753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study an array of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice (Mott insulator) excited with a coherent ultrashort laser pulse to a state where single-electron wave functions spatially overlap. Beyond a threshold principal quantum number where Rydberg orbitals of neighboring lattice sites overlap with each other, the atoms efficiently undergo spontaneous Penning ionization resulting in a drastic change of ion-counting statistics, sharp increase of avalanche ionization, and the formation of an ultracold plasma. These observations signal the actual creation of electronic states with overlapping wave functions, which is further confirmed by a significant difference in ionization dynamics between a Bose-Einstein condensate and a Mott insulator. This system is a promising platform for simulating electronic many-body phenomena dominated by Coulomb interactions in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mizoguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - M Kunimi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - A Tanaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Takeda
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - N Takei
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - V Bharti
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - K Koyasu
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Kishimoto
- Department of Engineering Science and Institute for Advanced Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - D Jaksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - A Glaetzle
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - M Kiffner
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - G Masella
- icFRC and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G Pupillo
- icFRC and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - K Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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182
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Lysne NK, Kuper KW, Poggi PM, Deutsch IH, Jessen PS. Small, Highly Accurate Quantum Processor for Intermediate-Depth Quantum Simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:230501. [PMID: 32603170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.230501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Analog quantum simulation is widely considered a step on the path to fault tolerant quantum computation. With current noisy hardware, the accuracy of an analog simulator will degrade after just a few time steps, especially when simulating complex systems likely to exhibit quantum chaos. Here we describe a quantum simulator based on the combined electron-nuclear spins of individual Cs atoms, and its use to run high fidelity simulations of three different model Hamiltonians for >100 time steps. While not scalable to exponentially large Hilbert spaces, it provides the accuracy and programmability required to explore the interplay between dynamics, imperfections, and accuracy in quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Lysne
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Kevin W Kuper
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Pablo M Poggi
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Ivan H Deutsch
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Poul S Jessen
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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183
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Pereira LC, do Nascimento VA. Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensates Subject to the Pöschl-Teller Potential through Numerical and Variational Solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102236. [PMID: 32414029 PMCID: PMC7287778 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present for the first time an approach about Bose–Einstein condensates made up of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions confined to the Pöschl–Teller hyperbolic potential. In this paper, we consider a Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a cigar-shaped, and it was modeled by the mean field equation known as the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. An analytical (variational method) and numerical (two-step Crank–Nicolson) approach is proposed to study the proposed model of interatomic interaction. The solutions of the one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation obtained in this paper confirmed, from a theoretical point of view, the possibility of the Pöschl–Teller potential to confine Bose–Einstein condensates. The chemical potential as a function of the depth of the Pöschl–Teller potential showed a behavior very similar to the cases of Bose–Einstein condensates and superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices and optical superlattices. The results presented in this paper can open the way for several applications in atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, condensed matter physics, and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Carvalho Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduaçāo em Ciência dos Materiais, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-99280-9266
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, School of Medicine, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;
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184
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Karg TM, Gouraud B, Ngai CT, Schmid GL, Hammerer K, Treutlein P. Light-mediated strong coupling between a mechanical oscillator and atomic spins 1 meter apart. Science 2020; 369:174-179. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Engineering strong interactions between quantum systems is essential for many phenomena of quantum physics and technology. Typically, strong coupling relies on short-range forces or on placing the systems in high-quality electromagnetic resonators, which restricts the range of the coupling to small distances. We used a free-space laser beam to strongly couple a collective atomic spin and a micromechanical membrane over a distance of 1 meter in a room-temperature environment. The coupling is highly tunable and allows the observation of normal-mode splitting, coherent energy exchange oscillations, two-mode thermal noise squeezing, and dissipative coupling. Our approach to engineering coherent long-distance interactions with light makes it possible to couple very different systems in a modular way, opening up a range of opportunities for quantum control and coherent feedback networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Karg
- Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Gouraud
- Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chun Tat Ngai
- Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Luca Schmid
- Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Hammerer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Treutlein
- Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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185
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Li Z, Zou L, Hsieh TH. Hamiltonian Tomography via Quantum Quench. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:160502. [PMID: 32383955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that it is possible to uniquely reconstruct a generic many-body local Hamiltonian from a single pair of generic initial and final states related by evolving with the Hamiltonian for any time interval. We then propose a practical version of the protocol involving multiple pairs of such initial and final states. Using the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, we provide bounds on the protocol's performance and stability against errors from measurements and in the ansatz of the Hamiltonian. The protocol is efficient (requiring experimental resources scaling polynomially with system size in general and constant with system size given translation symmetry) and thus enables analog and digital quantum simulators to verify implementation of a putative Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Liujun Zou
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Timothy H Hsieh
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
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186
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Popkov V, Prosen T, Zadnik L. Exact Nonequilibrium Steady State of Open XXZ/XYZ Spin-1/2 Chain with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:160403. [PMID: 32383905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.160403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a dissipatively driven XYZ spin-1/2 chain in the Zeno limit of strong dissipation, described by the Lindblad master equation. The nonequilibrium steady state is expressed in terms of a matrix product ansatz using novel site-dependent Lax operators. The components of Lax operators satisfy a simple set of linear recurrence equations that generalize the defining algebraic relations of the quantum group U_{q}(sl_{2}). We reveal connection between the nonequilibrium steady state of the nonunitary dynamics and the respective integrable model with edge magnetic fields, described by coherent unitary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Popkov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tomaž Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lenart Zadnik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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187
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Yoo SM, Javanainen J. Light reflection and transmission in planar lattices of cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9764-9776. [PMID: 32225577 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of light using atoms plays a fundamental and important role in emerging technologies such as integrated photonics, information storage, and quantum sensors. Specifically, there have been intense theoretical efforts involving large samples of cold neutral atoms for coherent control of light. Here we present a theoretical scheme that enables efficient computation of collective optical responses of mono- and bi-layer planar square lattices of dense, cold two-level atoms using classical electrodynamics of coupled dipoles in the limit of low laser intensity. The steady-state transmissivity and reflectivity are obtained at a field point far away from the atomic lattices in the regime with no Bragg reflection. While our earlier method was based on exact solution of the electrodynamics for a small-scale lattice, here we calculate the dipole moments assuming that they are the same at all lattice sites, as for an infinite lattice. Atomic lattices with effectively over one hundred times more sites than in our earlier exact computations can then be simulated numerically with fewer computational resources. We have implemented an automatic selection of the number of sites under the given convergence criteria. We compare the numerical results from both computational schemes. We also find similarities and differences of a stack of two atomic lattices from a two-atom sample. Such aspects may be exploited to engineer a stack for potential applications.
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188
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Schäfer F, Bastarrachea-Magnani MA, Lode AUJ, de Parny LDF, Buchleitner A. Spectral Structure and Many-Body Dynamics of Ultracold Bosons in a Double-Well. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 22:E382. [PMID: 33286153 PMCID: PMC7516856 DOI: 10.3390/e22040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examine the spectral structure and many-body dynamics of two and three repulsively interacting bosons trapped in a one-dimensional double-well, for variable barrier height, inter-particle interaction strength, and initial conditions. By exact diagonalization of the many-particle Hamiltonian, we specifically explore the dynamical behavior of the particles launched either at the single-particle ground state or saddle-point energy, in a time-independent potential. We complement these results by a characterization of the cross-over from diabatic to quasi-adiabatic evolution under finite-time switching of the potential barrier, via the associated time evolution of a single particle's von Neumann entropy. This is achieved with the help of the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for indistinguishable particles (MCTDH-X)-which also allows us to extrapolate our results for increasing particle numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schäfer
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.B.-M.); (A.U.J.L.); (L.d.F.d.P.)
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A. Bastarrachea-Magnani
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.B.-M.); (A.U.J.L.); (L.d.F.d.P.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Axel U. J. Lode
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.B.-M.); (A.U.J.L.); (L.d.F.d.P.)
| | - Laurent de Forges de Parny
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.B.-M.); (A.U.J.L.); (L.d.F.d.P.)
- ACRI-ST, 260 route du Pin Montard, 06904 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX, France
| | - Andreas Buchleitner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.A.B.-M.); (A.U.J.L.); (L.d.F.d.P.)
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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189
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Chiu CS, Ji G, Bohrdt A, Xu M, Knap M, Demler E, Grusdt F, Greiner M, Greif D. String patterns in the doped Hubbard model. Science 2020; 365:251-256. [PMID: 31320533 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding strongly correlated quantum many-body states is one of the most difficult challenges in modern physics. For example, there remain fundamental open questions on the phase diagram of the Hubbard model, which describes strongly correlated electrons in solids. In this work, we realize the Hubbard Hamiltonian and search for specific patterns within the individual images of many realizations of strongly correlated ultracold fermions in an optical lattice. Upon doping a cold-atom antiferromagnet, we find consistency with geometric strings, entities that may explain the relationship between hole motion and spin order, in both pattern-based and conventional observables. Our results demonstrate the potential for pattern recognition to provide key insights into cold-atom quantum many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie S Chiu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Geoffrey Ji
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Annabelle Bohrdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Muqing Xu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Knap
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Daniel Greif
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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190
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Mishra C, Santos L, Nath R. Self-Bound Doubly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:073402. [PMID: 32142338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.073402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the physics of self-bound droplets in a doubly dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate composed by particles with both electric and magnetic dipole moments. Using the particularly relevant case of dysprosium, we show that the anisotropy of the doubly dipolar interaction potential is highly versatile and nontrivial, depending critically on the relative orientation and strength between the two dipole moments. This opens novel possibilities for exploring intriguing quantum many-body physics. Interestingly, by varying the angle between the two dipoles we find a dimensional crossover from quasi-one-dimensional to quasi-two-dimensional self-bound droplets. This opens a so far unique scenario in condensate physics, in which a dimensional crossover is solely driven by interactions in the absence of any confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Mishra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Luis Santos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, DE-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rejish Nath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
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191
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Carmen Bañuls M, Cichy K. Review on novel methods for lattice gauge theories. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:024401. [PMID: 31846938 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Formulating gauge theories on a lattice offers a genuinely non-perturbative way of studying quantum field theories, and has led to impressive achievements. In particular, it significantly deepened our understanding of quantum chromodynamics. Yet, some very relevant problems remain inherently challenging, such as real time evolution, or the presence of a chemical potential, cases in which Monte Carlo simulations are hindered by a sign problem. In the last few years, a number of possible alternatives have been put forward, based on quantum information ideas, which could potentially open the access to areas of research that have so far eluded more standard methods. They include tensor network calculations, quantum simulations with different physical platforms and quantum computations, and constitute nowadays a vibrant research area. Experts from different fields, including experimental and theoretical high energy physics, condensed matter, and quantum information, are turning their attention to these interdisciplinary possibilities, and driving the progress of the field. The aim of this article is to review the status and perspectives of these new avenues for the exploration of lattice gauge theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Bañuls
- Max-Planck Institut, für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany. Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, Munich 80799, Germany
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192
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Dimitrova I, Jepsen N, Buyskikh A, Venegas-Gomez A, Amato-Grill J, Daley A, Ketterle W. Enhanced Superexchange in a Tilted Mott Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043204. [PMID: 32058779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In an optical lattice, entropy and mass transport by first-order tunneling are much faster than spin transport via superexchange. Here we show that adding a constant force (tilt) suppresses first-order tunneling, but not spin transport, realizing new features for spin Hamiltonians. Suppression of the superfluid transition can stabilize larger systems with faster spin dynamics. For the first time in a many-body spin system, we vary superexchange rates by over a factor of 100 and tune spin-spin interactions via the tilt. In a tilted lattice, defects are immobile and pure spin dynamics can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Dimitrova
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Niklas Jepsen
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Anton Buyskikh
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Araceli Venegas-Gomez
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse Amato-Grill
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Andrew Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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193
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Gambetta FM, Li W, Schmidt-Kaler F, Lesanovsky I. Engineering NonBinary Rydberg Interactions via Phonons in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043402. [PMID: 32058736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coupling electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom of Rydberg atoms held in optical tweezer arrays offers a flexible mechanism for creating and controlling atom-atom interactions. We find that the state-dependent coupling between Rydberg atoms and local oscillator modes gives rise to two- and three-body interactions which are controllable through the strength of the local confinement. This approach even permits the cancellation of two-body terms such that three-body interactions become dominant. We analyze the structure of these interactions on two-dimensional bipartite lattice geometries and explore the impact of three-body interactions on system ground state on a square lattice. Focusing specifically on a system of ^{87}Rb atoms, we show that the effects of the multibody interactions can be maximized via a tailored dressed potential within a trapping frequency range of the order of a few hundred kilohertz and for temperatures corresponding to a >90% occupation of the atomic vibrational ground state. These parameters, as well as the multibody induced timescales, are compatible with state-of-the-art arrays of optical tweezers. Our work shows a highly versatile handle for engineering multibody interactions of quantum many-body systems in most recent manifestations on Rydberg lattice quantum simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - W Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - F Schmidt-Kaler
- QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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194
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Bienias P, Subhankar S, Wang Y, Tsui TC, Jendrzejewski F, Tiecke T, Juzeliūnas G, Jiang L, Rolston SL, Porto JV, Gorshkov AV. Coherent optical nanotweezers for ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 102:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.013306. [PMID: 33344798 PMCID: PMC7745712 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.013306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been a recent surge of interest and progress in creating subwavelength free-space optical potentials for ultracold atoms. A key open question is whether geometric potentials, which are repulsive and ubiquitous in the creation of subwavelength free-space potentials, forbid the creation of narrow traps with long lifetimes. Here, we show that it is possible to create such traps. We propose two schemes for realizing subwavelength traps and demonstrate their superiority over existing proposals. We analyze the lifetime of atoms in such traps and show that long-lived bound states are possible. This work allows for subwavelength control and manipulation of ultracold matter, with applications in quantum chemistry and quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F. Jendrzejewski
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Tiecke
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G. Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L. Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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195
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Gauthier G, Szigeti SS, Reeves MT, Baker M, Bell TA, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Davis MJ, Neely TW. Quantitative Acoustic Models for Superfluid Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:260402. [PMID: 31951434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.260402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally realize a highly tunable superfluid oscillator circuit in a quantum gas of ultracold atoms and develop and verify a simple lumped-element description of this circuit. At low oscillator currents, we demonstrate that the circuit is accurately described as a Helmholtz resonator, a fundamental element of acoustic circuits. At larger currents, the breakdown of the Helmholtz regime is heralded by a turbulent shedding of vortices and density waves. Although a simple phase-slip model offers qualitative insights into the circuit's resistive behavior, our results indicate deviations from the phase-slip model. A full understanding of the dissipation in superfluid circuits will thus require the development of empirical models of the turbulent dynamics in this system, as have been developed for classical acoustic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gauthier
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart S Szigeti
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew T Reeves
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark Baker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas A Bell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tyler W Neely
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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196
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Sachkou YP, Baker CG, Harris GI, Stockdale OR, Forstner S, Reeves MT, He X, McAuslan DL, Bradley AS, Davis MJ, Bowen WP. Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip. Science 2019; 366:1480-1485. [PMID: 31857478 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Quantized vortices are fundamental to the two-dimensional dynamics of superfluids, from quantum turbulence to phase transitions. However, surface effects have prevented direct observations of coherent two-dimensional vortex dynamics in strongly interacting systems. Here, we overcome this challenge by confining a thin film of superfluid helium at microscale on the atomically smooth surface of a silicon chip. An on-chip optical microcavity allows laser initiation of clusters of quasi-two-dimensional vortices and nondestructive observation of their decay in a single shot. Coherent dynamics dominate, with thermal vortex diffusion suppressed by five orders of magnitude. This establishes an on-chip platform with which to study emergent phenomena in strongly interacting superfluids and to develop quantum technologies such as precision inertial sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen P Sachkou
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher G Baker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Glen I Harris
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver R Stockdale
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan Forstner
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew T Reeves
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xin He
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David L McAuslan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ashton S Bradley
- Department of Physics, Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Warwick P Bowen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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197
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Wu J, Hsieh TH. Variational Thermal Quantum Simulation via Thermofield Double States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:220502. [PMID: 31868415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.220502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a variational approach for quantum simulators to realize finite temperature Gibbs states by preparing thermofield double (TFD) states. Our protocol is motivated by the quantum approximate optimization algorithm and involves alternating time evolution between the Hamiltonian of interest and interactions which entangle the system and its auxiliary counterpart. As a simple example, we demonstrate that thermal states of the 1D classical Ising model at any temperature can be prepared with perfect fidelity using L/2 iterations, where L is system size. We also show that a free fermion TFD can be prepared with nearly optimal efficiency. Given the simplicity and efficiency of the protocol, our approach enables near-term quantum platforms to access finite temperature phenomena via preparation of thermofield double states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Wu
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Timothy H Hsieh
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
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198
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Mivehvar F, Ritsch H, Piazza F. Emergent Quasicrystalline Symmetry in Light-Induced Quantum Phase Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:210604. [PMID: 31809187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of quasicrystals with crystallographically forbidden rotational symmetries has changed the notion of the ordering in materials, yet little is known about the dynamical emergence of such exotic forms of order. Here we theoretically study a nonequilibrium cavity-QED setup realizing a zero-temperature quantum phase transition from a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate to a quasicrystalline phase via collective superradiant light scattering. Across the superradiant phase transition, collective light scattering creates a dynamical, quasicrystalline optical potential for the atoms. Remarkably, the quasicrystalline potential is "emergent" as its eightfold rotational symmetry is not present in the Hamiltonian of the system, rather appears solely in the low-energy states. For sufficiently strong two-body contact interactions between atoms, a quasicrystalline order is stabilized in the system, while for weakly interacting atoms the condensate is localized in one or few of the deepest minima of the quasicrystalline potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farokh Mivehvar
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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199
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Barfknecht RE, Foerster A, Zinner NT. Dynamics of spin and density fluctuations in strongly interacting few-body systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15994. [PMID: 31690841 PMCID: PMC6831690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The decoupling of spin and density dynamics is a remarkable feature of quantum one-dimensional many-body systems. In a few-body regime, however, little is known about this phenomenon. To address this problem, we study the time evolution of a small system of strongly interacting fermions after a sudden change in the trapping geometry. We show that, even at the few-body level, the excitation spectrum of this system presents separate signatures of spin and density dynamics. Moreover, we describe the effect of considering additional internal states with SU(N) symmetry, which ultimately leads to the vanishing of spin excitations in a completely balanced system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Emilio Barfknecht
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Angela Foerster
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nikolaj Thomas Zinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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200
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Subhankar S, Bienias P, Titum P, Tsui TC, Wang Y, Gorshkov AV, Rolston SL, Porto JV. Floquet engineering of optical lattices with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2019; 21:10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f. [PMID: 38903249 PMCID: PMC11187970 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Floquet engineering or coherent time periodic driving of quantum systems has been successfully used to synthesize Hamiltonians with novel properties. In ultracold atomic systems, this has led to experimental realizations of artificial gauge fields, topological band structures, and observation of dynamical localization, to name just a few. Here we present a Floquet-based framework to stroboscopically engineer Hamiltonians with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit of light used to create them, by time-averaging over various configurations of a 1D optical Kronig-Penney (KP) lattice. The KP potential is a lattice of narrow subwavelength barriers spaced by half the optical wavelength ( λ / 2 ) and arises from the nonlinear optical response of the atomic dark state. Stroboscopic control over the strength and position of this lattice requires time-dependent adiabatic manipulation of the dark-state spin composition. We investigate adiabaticity requirements, and shape our time-dependent light fields to respect these requirements. We apply this framework to show that a λ / 4 -spaced lattice can be synthesized using realistic experimental parameters. As an example, we discuss mechanisms that limit lifetimes in these lattices, explore candidate systems with their limitations, and study adiabatic loading into the ground band of these lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Titum
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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