151
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A meta-analysis of P2X7 gene-1513A/C polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:126-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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152
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Association between TNF -308G/A polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in the Lur population of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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153
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Burel JG, Apte SH, Doolan DL. Systems Approaches towards Molecular Profiling of Human Immunity. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:53-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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154
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Lindenau JDR, Salzano FM, Hurtado AM, Hill KR, Petzl-Erler ML, Tsuneto LT, Hutz MH. Variability of innate immune system genes in Native American populations-relationship with history and epidemiology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:722-8. [PMID: 26667372 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The immune system of a host, defending him/her against invading pathogens, has two main subsystems: innate immunity and acquired immunity. There are several evidences showing that Native American populations are immunologically different from non-Native populations. Our aim was to describe the variability of innate immune system genes in Native American populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated heterozygozities and patterns of population differentiation (FST ) of 14 polymorphisms related to the innate immune response in five Native American populations (Aché, Guarani-Kaiowá, Guarani-Ñandeva, Kaingang, and Xavante) and the results were compared with the three major world population data (YRI, CEU, and CHB) available at the 1,000 genomes database. RESULTS Mean heterozygosities ranged between 0.241 ± 0.057 (Aché) and 0.343 ± 0.033 (Kaingang), but no significant differences were observed (Friedman test, P = 0.197). Mean heterozygosities were also not significantly different when Amerindians were pooled and compared with the 1000 genomes populations (Friedman test, P = 0.506). When the Native American populations were grouped as Amerindians, a significantly higher FST value (0.194) was observed between the Amerindian and African populations. The Ewens-Watterson neutrality test showed that these markers are not under strong selective pressure. DISCUSSION Native American populations present similar levels of heterozygosity as those of other continents, but are different from Africans in the frequency of polymorphisms of innate immune genes. This higher differentiation is probably due to demographic processes that occurred during the out-of-Africa event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dal-Ri Lindenau
- Departamento De Genética, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Mauro Salzano
- Departamento De Genética, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Magdalena Hurtado
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
| | - Kim R Hill
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
| | | | - Luiza Tamie Tsuneto
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual De Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Mara Helena Hutz
- Departamento De Genética, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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155
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Duncan C, Jamieson F, Mehaffy C. Preliminary evaluation of exome sequencing to identify genetic markers of susceptibility to tuberculosis disease. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:750. [PMID: 26643661 PMCID: PMC4672511 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that certain human genetic polymorphisms could be associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease. Advances in next generation sequencing include the ability to rapidly sequence the entire human exome. These new technologies can be exploited to identify new associations of human genetic polymorphisms and TB infection and disease. In this preliminary study we compared two different strategies for sequencing of the human exome in a small sample set consisting of three individuals with a history of TB disease and two individuals with latent TB infection. Findings Sequencing of the entire exome of the five participants using Agilent SureSelect kit resulted in the identification of 1611 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were only present in the individuals with a history of active TB but not in the latent TB cases. Alternatively, sequencing of 4000 target genes available in the TruSight kit resulted in identification of 182 SNPs only present in the active TB cases and not in the latent TB participants. The overlap of the two kits was 112 SNPs. Conclusions Even though this pilot study was restricted to a small number of participants, we demonstrated the feasibility of using exome sequencing technologies to mine potential genetic associations of susceptibility to TB disease and presented a number of potential targets that can be further explore in larger research trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1740-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances Jamieson
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Carolina Mehaffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1601, USA.
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156
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Yuan L, Ke Z, Ma J, Guo Y, Li Y. IRGM gene polymorphisms and haplotypes associate with susceptibility of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese Hubei Han population. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 96:58-64. [PMID: 26786655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) is found to play an important role in defense against intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in vitro by regulating autophagy. The objective of the study was to determine the association between IRGM polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Chinese Hubei Han population. In this study, 237 PTB patients and 269 healthy controls were screened for IRGM promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by gene sequencing, and an association study was performed. A luciferase assay was used to determine the transcriptional activity of the promoter polymorphism. The relative expression level of IRGM gene was measured by Real time Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). We identified 3 polymorphisms [-1208 (rs4958842), -1161 (rs4958843), and -947 (rs4958846)] in the IRGM promoter region. Our finding showed that the IRGM -947 CT genotype as well as CC genotype decreased the risk of PTB in comparison with TT genotype (OR = 0.216, 95% CI = 0.141-0.331,P < 0.001 and OR = 0.167, 95% CI = 0.088-0.318, P < 0.001,respectively). The -947C allele decreased the risk of PTB in comparison with T allele (OR = 0.266, 95% CI = 0.196-0.362, P < 0.001). There was linkage disequilibrium between these three IRGM SNPs and we further analyzed the haplotypes of these SNPs. Six haplotypes were identified and we found that the haplotype ACC played a protective role in the susceptibility to PTB. In contrast, the ACT haplotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to PTB. In addition, the ACT haplotype reduced the relative luciferase activity of IRGM promoter and decreased the expression of IRGM in PTB patients. Our findings indicated that IRGM functional polymorphisms and haplotypes in promoter were associated with the susceptibility to PTB in Chinese Hubei Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Zunqiong Ke
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Wuhan University School of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.
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157
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Webb A, Papp AC, Curtis A, Newman LC, Pietrzak M, Seweryn M, Handelman SK, Rempala GA, Wang D, Graziosa E, Tyndale RF, Lerman C, Kelsoe JR, Mash DC, Sadee W. RNA sequencing of transcriptomes in human brain regions: protein-coding and non-coding RNAs, isoforms and alleles. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:990. [PMID: 26597164 PMCID: PMC4657279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We used RNA sequencing to analyze transcript profiles of ten autopsy brain regions from ten subjects. RNA sequencing techniques were designed to detect both coding and non-coding RNA, splice isoform composition, and allelic expression. Brain regions were selected from five subjects with a documented history of smoking and five non-smokers. Paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on SOLiD instruments to a depth of >40 million reads, using linearly amplified, ribosomally depleted RNA. Sequencing libraries were prepared with both poly-dT and random hexamer primers to detect all RNA classes, including long non-coding (lncRNA), intronic and intergenic transcripts, and transcripts lacking poly-A tails, providing additional data not previously available. The study was designed to generate a database of the complete transcriptomes in brain region for gene network analyses and discovery of regulatory variants. Results Of 20,318 protein coding and 18,080 lncRNA genes annotated from GENCODE and lncipedia, 12 thousand protein coding and 2 thousand lncRNA transcripts were detectable at a conservative threshold. Of the aligned reads, 52 % were exonic, 34 % intronic and 14 % intergenic. A majority of protein coding genes (65 %) was expressed in all regions, whereas ncRNAs displayed a more restricted distribution. Profiles of RNA isoforms varied across brain regions and subjects at multiple gene loci, with neurexin 3 (NRXN3) a prominent example. Allelic RNA ratios deviating from unity were identified in > 400 genes, detectable in both protein-coding and non-coding genes, indicating the presence of cis-acting regulatory variants. Mathematical modeling was used to identify RNAs stably expressed in all brain regions (serving as potential markers for normalizing expression levels), linked to basic cellular functions. An initial analysis of differential expression analysis between smokers and nonsmokers implicated a number of genes, several previously associated with nicotine exposure. Conclusions RNA sequencing identifies distinct and consistent differences in gene expression between brain regions, with non-coding RNA displaying greater diversity between brain regions than mRNAs. Numerous RNAs exhibit robust allele selective expression, proving a means for discovery of cis-acting regulatory factors with potential clinical relevance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2207-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Webb
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Audrey C Papp
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Amanda Curtis
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Leslie C Newman
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, and Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Michal Seweryn
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, and Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Samuel K Handelman
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Grzegorz A Rempala
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, and Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Daqing Wang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Erica Graziosa
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry, Annenberg School for Communication, and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genomics, University of California, San Diego, USA. .,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Colleges of Pharmacy and Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Departments of Psychiatry, College of Medicine; Colleges of Pharmacy and Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Departments of Human Genetics/Internal Medicine, College of Medicine; Colleges of Pharmacy and Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, 5078 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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158
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Blischak JD, Tailleux L, Mitrano A, Barreiro LB, Gilad Y. Mycobacterial infection induces a specific human innate immune response. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16882. [PMID: 26586179 PMCID: PMC4653619 DOI: 10.1038/srep16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides the first response to infection and is now recognized to be partially pathogen-specific. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is able to subvert the innate immune response and survive inside macrophages. Curiously, only 5-10% of otherwise healthy individuals infected with MTB develop active tuberculosis (TB). We do not yet understand the genetic basis underlying this individual-specific susceptibility. Moreover, we still do not know which properties of the innate immune response are specific to MTB infection. To identify immune responses that are specific to MTB, we infected macrophages with eight different bacteria, including different MTB strains and related mycobacteria, and studied their transcriptional response. We identified a novel subset of genes whose regulation was affected specifically by infection with mycobacteria. This subset includes genes involved in phagosome maturation, superoxide production, response to vitamin D, macrophage chemotaxis, and sialic acid synthesis. We suggest that genetic variants that affect the function or regulation of these genes should be considered candidate loci for explaining TB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Blischak
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Amy Mitrano
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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159
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Tukvadze N, Sanikidze E, Kipiani M, Hebbar G, Easley KA, Shenvi N, Kempker RR, Frediani JK, Mirtskhulava V, Alvarez JA, Lomtadze N, Vashakidze L, Hao L, Del Rio C, Tangpricha V, Blumberg HM, Ziegler TR. High-dose vitamin D3 in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1059-69. [PMID: 26399865 PMCID: PMC4625591 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is a major global health problem. Individuals with tuberculosis disease commonly exhibit vitamin D deficiency, which may adversely affect immunity and the response to therapy. OBJECTIVE We determined whether adjunctive high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation improves outcomes in individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis disease. DESIGN The study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, intent-to-treat trial in 199 individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis disease in Tbilisi, Georgia. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive oral vitamin D3 [50,000 IUs (1.25 mg) thrice weekly for 8 wk and 50,000 IU every other week for 8 wk] or a placebo concomitant with standard first-line antituberculosis drugs. The primary outcome was the time for the conversion of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) sputum culture to negative. RESULTS Baseline characteristics between groups were similar. Most subjects (74%) were vitamin D deficient (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration <50 nmol/L). With vitamin D3, plasma 25(OH)D concentrations peaked at ∼250 nmol/L by 8 wk and decreased to ∼125 nmol/L at week 16. Adverse events and plasma calcium concentrations were similar between groups. In 192 subjects with culture-confirmed tuberculosis, an adjusted efficacy analysis showed similar median culture-conversion times between vitamin D3 and placebo groups [29 and 27 d, respectively; HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.18; P = 0.33). Eight-week culture-conversion rates were also similar (84.0% and 82.1% for vitamin D3 and placebo, respectively; P = 0.99). CONCLUSION A high-dose vitamin D3 regimen safely corrected vitamin D deficiency but did not improve the rate of sputum Mtb clearance over 16 wk in this pulmonary tuberculosis cohort. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov at NCT00918086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestan Tukvadze
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Maia Kipiani
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Gautam Hebbar
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and
| | | | | | - Russell R Kempker
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and Infectious Diseases and
| | - Jennifer K Frediani
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Departments of
| | - Veriko Mirtskhulava
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tbilisi, Georgia; Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Departments of
| | - Nino Lomtadze
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Li Hao
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and
| | - Carlos Del Rio
- Infectious Diseases and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Departments of Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | | | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids and Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Departments of
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160
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Zhou C, Ouyang N, Li QH, Luo SX, He Q, Lei H, Liu Q. The -137G/C single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-18 gene promoter contributes to tuberculosis susceptibility in Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:376-380. [PMID: 26474654 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) -18 is crucial to host defense against mycobacterial infections. Recent studies have indicated IL-18 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to several clinical diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the association of IL-18 (-137G/C and -607C/A) gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), and the effects of those SNPs to its protein producing capacity in Chinese Han population. METHODS 407 TB patients (including 113 children and 294 adults) and 469 healthy volunteers (including 167 children and 302 adults) from Chinese Han population were enrolled. The IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions of -137 and -607 were determined by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). The IL-18 levels in the supernatants of PBMCs from 46 healthy volunteers were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The gene distribution of IL-18 -137G/C and -607C/A showed none difference between adult and pediatric population. The frequency of IL-18 -137GG genotype was significantly higher in total TB group than that in total healthy control group (79.1% V 69.3%, P<0.01), while the frequencies of GC genotype and C allele were conversely lower (19.2% V 27.9%, P<0.01; 11.3% V 16.7%, P<0.01 respectively). The difference of the -137CC genotype distribution between patients and controls was not observed. At the -607C/A polymorphic site, patient and control groups had a very similar gene distribution. Isolated PBMCs with IL-18 -137GC/CC genotype were able to produce a higher level of IL-18 than those with IL-18 -137GG genotype, either spontaneously or in response to PMA plus calcimycin A23187. CONCLUSION IL-18 -137G/C polymorphism contributed to TB susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Allele G might be a predisposing gene of TB, while allele C probably plays a role in preventing mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by promoting more vigorous protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Nan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qing Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Ningxia, Ningxia, PR China.
| | - Su Xin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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161
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Zhao Y, Bu H, Hong K, Yin H, Zou YL, Geng SJ, Zheng MM, He JY. Genetic polymorphisms of CCL1 rs2072069 G/A and TLR2 rs3804099 T/C in pulmonary or meningeal tuberculosis patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:12608-12620. [PMID: 26722451 PMCID: PMC4680396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CCL1, one of the members of the CC chemokine family, is an inflammatory mediator that stimulates the migration of human monocytes. CCL1 expression is induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and TLR ligands in macrophage. TLR2 plays critical role in host immune response against M. tuberculosis infection by regulating the macrophage activation and cytokine secretion. M. tuberculosis causes different clinical forms of tuberculosis (TB) disease. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CCL1 gene and TLR2 gene may be associated with the development of different clinical forms of TB, depending on the different immune mechanisms. This study was to evaluate the possible association between CCL1 rs2072069 G/A or/and TLR2 rs3804099 T/C (T597C) polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or/and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in a sample of the Chinese adult population. A case-control study was designed to compare the allele frequency and genotype distribution between control (n=386) and TB (n=341) who had either PTB (n=230) or TBM (n=111). The genotype typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. TLR2 variant genotype 597CC was associated with susceptibility to PTB rather than to TBM. In the male PTB subgroup, 597CC genotype was identified in a higher rate, compared with male control subgroup. This study demonstrates that T597C polymorphism of TLR2 is a risk factor for susceptibility to PTB rather than to TBM in a sample of Chinese adult population. Patient gender may affect the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. TLR2 gene may influence the development of PTB and TBM by different immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue-Li Zou
- Department of Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shu-Jun Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis, The Hebei Provincial Chest HospitalShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jun-Ying He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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162
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Xu DD, Wang C, Jiang F, Wei LL, Shi LY, Yu XM, Liu CM, Liu XH, Feng XM, Ping ZP, Jiang TT, Chen ZL, Li ZJ, Li JC. Association of the FCN2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138356. [PMID: 26379154 PMCID: PMC4574923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolin-2 (FCN2) is an innate immune pattern recognition molecule that can activate the complement pathway, opsonophagocytosis, and elimination of the pathogens. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the FCN2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A total of seven SNPs in exon 8 (+6359 C>T and +6424 G>T) and in the promoter region (-986 G>A, -602 G>A, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and -4 A>G) of the FCN2 gene were genotyped using the PCR amplification and DNA sequencing methods in the healthy controls group (n = 254) and the pulmonary TB group (n = 282). The correlation between SNPs and pulmonary TB was analyzed using the logistic regression method. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic frequencies of seven SNPs between the pulmonary TB group and the healthy controls group. However, the frequency of the variant homozygous genotype (P = 0.037, -557 A>G; P = 0.038, -64 A>C; P = 0.024, +6424 G>T) in the TB group was significantly lower than the control group. After adjustment for age and gender, these variant homozygous genotypes were found to be recessive models in association with pulmonary TB. In addition, -64 A>C (P = 0.047) and +6424 G>T (P = 0.03) were found to be codominant models in association with pulmonary TB. There was strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.80, P < 0.0001) between 7 SNPs except the -602 G>A site. Therefore, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and +6424 G>T SNPs of the FCN2 gene were correlated with pulmonary TB, and may be protective factors for TB. This study provides a novel idea for the prevention and control of TB transmission from a genetics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Li-Liang Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hong Liu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Min Feng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Peng Ping
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Rapovy SM, Zhao J, Bricker RL, Schmidt SM, Setchell KDR, Qualls JE. Differential Requirements for L-Citrulline and L-Arginine during Antimycobacterial Macrophage Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3293-300. [PMID: 26311904 PMCID: PMC6432794 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbicidal NO production is reliant on inducible NO synthase-mediated L-arginine metabolism in macrophages (MΦs). However, L-arginine supply can be restricted by arginase activity, resulting in inefficient NO output and inhibition of antimicrobial MΦ function. MΦs circumvent this by converting L-citrulline to L-arginine, thereby resupplying substrate for NO production. In this article, we define the metabolic signature of mycobacteria-infected murine MΦs supplied L-arginine, L-citrulline, or both amino acids. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we determined that L-arginine synthesized from L-citrulline was less effective as a substrate for arginase-mediated L-ornithine production compared with L-arginine directly imported from the extracellular milieu. Following Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection and costimulation with IFN-γ, we observed that MΦ arginase activity did not inhibit production of NO derived from L-citrulline, contrary to NO inhibition witnessed when MΦs were cultured in L-arginine. Furthermore, we found that arginase-expressing MΦs preferred L-citrulline over L-arginine for the promotion of antimycobacterial activity. We expect that defining the consequences of L-citrulline metabolism in MΦs will provide novel approaches for enhancing immunity, especially in the context of mycobacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Rapovy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Junfang Zhao
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Rebecca L Bricker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Stephanie M Schmidt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
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Hu L, Zhang K, Yao L, Wang J. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 -28C>G is significantly associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:13211-13218. [PMID: 26550245 PMCID: PMC4612930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) has been shown to play an important role in antimycobacterial immune responses. Previous studies have extensively reported that the CCL5 -28C>G gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. To investigate the relationship between the CCL5 -28C>G and the risk of TB, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched articles published before June 6, 2014 from PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Data were extracted from all eligible publications independently by two investigators and statistically analyzed. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of the association between CCL5 polymorphism and TB. RESULTS Four case-control studies including 647 TB cases and 726 controls were involved in the meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis indicated the CCL5 -28C>G gene polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of TB (G vs. C: 3.75, 95% CI = 1.76-7.99; GG vs. CC: OR = 30.26, 95% CI = 14.28-64.12). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the -28C>G polymorphism is significantly associated with higher TB risk, which is opposite from previously published reports. However, the number of the study is limited, additional well-designed studies are required to elucidate the association between the CCL5 -28C>G gene polymorphism and TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd HospitalHaidian District, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Kaixian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Teng Zhou Central People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical CollegeTeng Zhou 277599, Shandong, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd HospitalHaidian District, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd HospitalHaidian District, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Wang S, Liu T, Tu W, Li W, Dong G, Xu C, Qin B, Liu K, Yang J, Chai J, Shi X, Zhang Y. CARD15 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Tuberculosis Susceptibility in Chinese Holstein Cows. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135085. [PMID: 26244859 PMCID: PMC4526225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a significant veterinary and financial problem in many parts of the world. Associations between specific host genes and susceptibility to mycobacterial infections, such as tuberculosis, have been reported in several species. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the relationship of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CARD15 gene with susceptibility to BTB in Chinese Holstein cows. DNA samples from 201 Chinese Holstein cows (103 cases and 98 controls) were collected from Kunming City, Yuxi City, and Dali City in China. SNPs in the CARD15 gene were assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Case-control association testing and statistical analysis identified six SNPs associated with susceptibility to BTB in Chinese Holstein cows. The frequency of genotypes C/T, A/G, A/G, A/G, C/T, and A/G in E4 (-37), 208, 1644, 1648, 1799, and E10 (+107), respectively, was significantly higher in cases than in controls, and also the alleles C, A, A, G, T, and A, respectively, were associated with a greater relative risk in cases than in controls. The distribution of two haplotypes, TGGACA and CAGACA, was significantly different between cases and controls. Overall, this case-control study suggested that E4 (-37)(C/T), 208(A/G), 1644(A/G), 1648(A/G), 1799(C/T), and E10 (+107)(A/G) in the CARD15 gene were significantly associated with susceptibility to BTB in Chinese Holstein cows and that haplotypes TGGACA and CAGACA could be used as genetic markers in marker-assisted breeding programs for breeding cows with high resistance to BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youtao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shengkui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wenji Tu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wengui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guodong Dong
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bo Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun Chai
- College of Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xianwei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Wu H, Yang L. Arg753Gln Polymorphisms in Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene are Associated with Tuberculosis Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015. [PMID: 26220088 PMCID: PMC4523069 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous epidemiological studies have reported the association between polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). However, the results remain inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis to evaluate associations between the polymorphism of Arg753Gln of the TLR2 gene and susceptibility to TB. Material/Methods Three databases (PubMed, CNKI and Embase) were systematically searched for eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as our index were used to assess the relation between the TLR2 gene Arg753Gln polymorphism and risk of TB. Overall and subgroup analyses were conducted according to the available information. Results With a detailed selection, 7 eligible studies with 1486 cases and 1322 controls were identified in our meta-analysis. There was a significant difference between TLR2 gene Arg753Gln polymorphism and the risk of TB (additive model: P<0.01, OR=2.89, 95% CI: 2.13–3.91; GA vs. GG: P<0.01, OR=2.92, 95% CI: 2.09–4.08). Interestingly, subgroup analysis based on ethnicity indicated that TB risk was significantly increased in Asians (additive model: P<0.01, OR=3.17, 95% CI: 2.31–4.35; GA vs. GG: P<0.01, OR=3.29, 95% CI: 2.32–4.68); by contrast, there was no association found in whites (additive model: P=0.40, OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.15–2.13; GA vs. GG: P=0.40, OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.15–2.13). Conclusions Our meta-analysis provides evidence that the TLR2 gene Arg753Gln polymorphism is a risk factor to TB, especially in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Wu
- Department of Medicine, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Witas HW, Donoghue HD, Kubiak D, Lewandowska M, Gładykowska-Rzeczycka JJ. Molecular studies on ancient M. tuberculosis and M. leprae: methods of pathogen and host DNA analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26210385 PMCID: PMC4545183 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Humans have evolved alongside infectious diseases for millennia. Despite the efforts to reduce their incidence, infectious diseases still pose a tremendous threat to the world population. Fast development of molecular techniques and increasing risk of new epidemics have resulted in several studies that look to the past in order to investigate the origin and evolution of infectious diseases. Tuberculosis and leprosy have become frequent targets of such studies, owing to the persistence of their molecular biomarkers in ancient material and the characteristic skeletal lesions each disease may cause. This review examines the molecular methods used to screen for the presence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) and their differentiation in ancient human remains. Examples of recent studies, mainly from Europe, that employ the newest techniques of molecular analysis are also described. Moreover, we present a specific approach based on assessing the likely immunological profile of historic populations, in order to further elucidate the influence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae on historical human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland,
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Bhanothu V, Lakshmi V, Theophilus JP, Rozati R, Badhini P, Vijayalaxmi B. Investigation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 (2258G/A) and Interferon Gamma (+874T/A) Gene Polymorphisms among Infertile Women with Female Genital Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130273. [PMID: 26114934 PMCID: PMC4483232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) coordinate with a diverse array of cellular programs through the transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes and play an important role in immune system, reproductive physiology and basic pathology. Alterations in the functions of TLR2 2258G (guanine)/ A, IFN-γ (+874T/A) and signalling molecules that result from polymorphisms are often associated with susceptibility or resistance, which may, in turn, establish the innate host response to various infectious diseases. Presently, we proposed to investigate the risk of common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of TLR2 and IFN-γ genes, for their effect on infertility in women with female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) and healthy women as controls. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Genotyping of TLR2 and IFN-γ gene polymorphisms was performed by amplification refractory mutation system multi-gene/multi-primer polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 175 FGTB patients and 100 healthy control women (HCW). The TLR2 polymorphism [adenine (A) allele] was observed in 57.7 and 58.0% of FGTB patients and HCW, respectively. The IFN-γ (+874T/A) polymorphism (A allele) was significant in 74.3 and 71.0% of FGTB patients and HCW, respectively, while the odds ratios for the AA and TA genotypes for predisposition of FGTB were found to be 0.304 and 1.650 in HCW, respectively. The SNP of TLR2 was not associated with FGTB but the SNP of IFN-γ was found to be associated with mycobacteria infections and to induce infertility. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE At present, we hypothesize that infertile women with FGTB and HCW without tuberculosis (TB) have identical frequency of TLR variants, which may be adequate in the production of IFN-γ in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Thus, the study appears to be the first of its kind reporting a mutation in the IFN-γ gene [+874 T (thymine) to A] responsible for susceptibility to TB infections and further inducing infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkanna Bhanothu
- Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Vemu Lakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Jane P. Theophilus
- Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Roya Rozati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Owaisi Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Prabhakar Badhini
- Department of Genetics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Boda Vijayalaxmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Owaisi Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Handelman SK, Seweryn M, Smith RM, Hartmann K, Wang D, Pietrzak M, Johnson AD, Kloczkowski A, Sadee W. Conditional entropy in variation-adjusted windows detects selection signatures associated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 8:S8. [PMID: 26111110 PMCID: PMC4480832 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s8-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 50,000 years, shifts in human-environmental or human-human interactions shaped genetic differences within and among human populations, including variants under positive selection. Shaped by environmental factors, such variants influence the genetics of modern health, disease, and treatment outcome. Because evolutionary processes tend to act on gene regulation, we test whether regulatory variants are under positive selection. We introduce a new approach to enhance detection of genetic markers undergoing positive selection, using conditional entropy to capture recent local selection signals. RESULTS We use conditional logistic regression to compare our Adjusted Haplotype Conditional Entropy (H|H) measure of positive selection to existing positive selection measures. H|H and existing measures were applied to published regulatory variants acting in cis (cis-eQTLs), with conditional logistic regression testing whether regulatory variants undergo stronger positive selection than the surrounding gene. These cis-eQTLs were drawn from six independent studies of genotype and RNA expression. The conditional logistic regression shows that, overall, H|H is substantially more powerful than existing positive-selection methods in identifying cis-eQTLs against other Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the same genes. When broken down by Gene Ontology, H|H predictions are particularly strong in some biological process categories, where regulatory variants are under strong positive selection compared to the bulk of the gene, distinct from those GO categories under overall positive selection. . However, cis-eQTLs in a second group of genes lack positive selection signatures detectable by H|H, consistent with ancient short haplotypes compared to the surrounding gene (for example, in innate immunity GO:0042742); under such other modes of selection, H|H would not be expected to be a strong predictor.. These conditional logistic regression models are adjusted for Minor allele frequency(MAF); otherwise, ascertainment bias is a huge factor in all eQTL data sets. Relationships between Gene Ontology categories, positive selection and eQTL specificity were replicated with H|H in a single larger data set. Our measure, Adjusted Haplotype Conditional Entropy (H|H), was essential in generating all of the results above because it: 1) is a stronger overall predictor for eQTLs than comparable existing approaches, and 2) shows low sequential auto-correlation, overcoming problems with convergence of these conditional regression statistical models. CONCLUSIONS Our new method, H|H, provides a consistently more robust signal associated with cis-eQTLs compared to existing methods. We interpret this to indicate that some cis-eQTLs are under positive selection compared to their surrounding genes. Conditional entropy indicative of a selective sweep is an especially strong predictor of eQTLs for genes in several biological processes of medical interest. Where conditional entropy is a weak or negative predictor of eQTLs, such as innate immune genes, this would be consistent with balancing selection acting on such eQTLs over long time periods. Different measures of selection may be needed for variant prioritization under other modes of evolutionary selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Handelman
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Graves Hall, 330 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michal Seweryn
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Jennings Hall 3rd Floor, 1735 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Łódź University, Narutowicza 65, 90-131 Łódź, Poland
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA
| | - Ryan M Smith
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Graves Hall, 330 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Katherine Hartmann
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Graves Hall, 330 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Danxin Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Graves Hall, 330 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Graves Hall, 330 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus OH 43205, USA
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Graves Hall, 330 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Skrombolas D, Wylie I, Maharaj S, Frelinger JG. Characterization of an IL-12 p40/p35 Truncated Fusion Protein That can Inhibit the Action of IL-12. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:690-7. [PMID: 25938719 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a potent inducer of interferon gamma (IFNγ), is a heterodimeric protein consisting of p40 and p35 subunits whose expression is regulated independently. IL-12 is part of a cytokine family (currently consisting of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35) that can have profoundly different immunologic effects, despite sharing subunits. In constructing a single-chain fusion of p40 and p35, we discovered an insert corresponding to an intron in the gene encoding the p35 subunit that would result in a truncated form of p35 if translated. To test its possible role, we constructed, expressed, and analyzed fusions of p40 with the full-length or the truncated form of p35. The fusion protein containing the truncated p35 did not stimulate the proliferation of the IL-12-responsive cell line CTLL-2 nor did it induce IFNγ or the chemokine IFNγ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10) or monokine induced by IFNγ (MIG, CXCL9) from spleen cells. In striking contrast, the full-length IL-12 p40/p35 fusion induced robust responses in both assays. Moreover, the truncated IL-12 fusion protein inhibited the action of the full-length IL-12 p40/p35 fusion in the proliferation assay and also blocked the induction of IFNγ. These findings raise the possibility that alternative splicing may provide an additional regulatory mechanism for IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Skrombolas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Isabel Wylie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Shivana Maharaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - John G Frelinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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A microbiological revolution meets an ancient disease: improving the management of tuberculosis with genomics. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:523-39. [PMID: 25810419 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00124-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease with an enormous global impact. Despite declining global incidence, the diagnosis, phenotyping, and epidemiological investigation of TB require significant clinical microbiology laboratory resources. Current methods for the detection and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis consist of a series of laboratory tests varying in speed and performance, each of which yields incremental information about the disease. Since the sequencing of the first M. tuberculosis genome in 1998, genomic tools have aided in the diagnosis, treatment, and control of TB. Here we summarize genomics-based methods that are positioned to be introduced in the modern clinical TB laboratory, and we highlight how recent advances in genomics will improve the detection of antibiotic resistance-conferring mutations and the understanding of M. tuberculosis transmission dynamics and epidemiology. We imagine the future TB clinic as one that relies heavily on genomic interrogation of the M. tuberculosis isolate, allowing for more rapid diagnosis of TB and real-time monitoring of outbreak emergence.
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Campo M, Randhawa AK, Dunstan S, Farrar J, Caws M, Bang ND, Lan NN, Hong Chau TT, Horne DJ, Thuong NT, Thwaites GE, Hawn TR. Common polymorphisms in the CD43 gene region are associated with tuberculosis disease and mortality. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:342-8. [PMID: 25078322 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0114oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD43, a surface glycoprotein, regulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis macrophage binding, replication, and proinflammatory cytokine induction in a murine model. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD43 gene region are associated with human tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. We performed a case-population study in discovery (352 TB cases and 382 control subjects) and validation cohorts (339 TB cases and 376 control subjects). We examined whether 11 haplotype-tagging SNPs in the CD43 gene region were associated with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and pulmonary TB (PTB) in Vietnam. Three SNPs from the CD43 gene region were associated with TB susceptibility with a genotypic model. The association fit a recessive genetic model and was greater for TBM than for PTB (for TBM: rs4788172, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.59, rs17842268 [OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.29-3.76, and rs12596308 [OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.47-3.89]). Among TBM cases, rs17842268 was associated with decreased survival (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.5; P = 0.011). In addition, rs12596308 and rs17842268 were associated with focal neurologic deficit at TBM presentation. Our data suggest that CD43 polymorphisms are associated with TB susceptibility, disease manifestations, and worse outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first report that links CD43 genetic variants with susceptibility and outcome from a disease.
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173
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) polymorphisms and expression are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:497-504. [PMID: 25937126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem and host genetic factors play a critical role in susceptibility and resistance to TB. The aim of this study was to identify novel candidate genes associated with TB susceptibility. We performed a population-based case-control study to genotype 13 tag SNPs spanning Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), IL-4, interferon beta 1 (IFNB1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) genes in 435 pulmonary TB patients and 375 health donors from China. We observed that EBI3 gene rs4740 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the allele G was associated with a protective effect against PTB. Furthermore, EBI3 deficiency led to reduced bacterial burden and histopathological impairment in the lung of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Meanwhile, higher abundance of EBI3 was observed in the granuloma of PTB patients and in the lung tissue of BCG-infected mice. Of note, the expression of EBI3 in macrophages was remarkably induced by mycobacteria infection at both mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, EBI3 gene rs4740 polymorphism is closely associated with susceptibility to PTB and the elevation and enrichment of EBI3 in the lung which at least partially derived from macrophages may contribute to the exacerbation of mycobacterial infection.
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174
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Chen M, Liang Y, Li W, Wang M, Hu L, Abuaku BK, Huang X, Tan H, Wen SW. Impact of MBL and MASP-2 gene polymorphism and its interaction on susceptibility to tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:151. [PMID: 25887173 PMCID: PMC4399571 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine proteases 2 (MASP-2) are important proteins in the lectin pathway of the immune system. Polymorphism of MBL and MASP-2 genes may affect the serum concentration of MBL and MASP-2. This study explores the association between MBL and MASP-2 gene polymorphism and their interactions and the susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Method A total of 503 patients with TB and 419 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this case-control study. PCR-SSP technology was applied to genotype rs7096206 of MBL genes and rs2273346 and rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes. Demographic data and some exposure information were also obtained from study participants. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify association between the various factors and TB whilst Marginal Structural Linear Odds Models were used to estimate the interactions. Results Both genotype GC at rs7096206 of MBL genes and genotype TC at rs2273346 and rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes were more prevalent in the TB patient group than the healthy control group (P < 0.05, OR 1.393, 1.302 and 1.426 respectively). The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) between rs7096206 of MBL genes and rs2273346 and rs6695096 of MASP-2 genes was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.282, 1.513) and 1.142 (95% CI: 0.755, 1.530) respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion Polymorphisms of MBL (rs7096206) and MASP-2 (rs2273346 and rs6695096) were associated with the susceptibility of TB, and there were gene-gene interactions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China. .,Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China. .,School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xijiang, 830054, PR China.
| | - Wufei Li
- Department of Nursing, Shaoyang Medical College, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, PR China.
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China. .,Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, PR China.
| | - Benjamin Kwaku Abuaku
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China. .,Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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175
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Li J, Chai QY, Zhang Y, Li BX, Wang J, Qiu XB, Liu CH. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mce3E suppresses host innate immune responses by targeting ERK1/2 signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3756-67. [PMID: 25780035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crucial to the pathogenesis of the tuberculosis (TB)-causing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is its ability to subvert host immune defenses to promote its intracellular survival. The mammalian cell entry protein 3E (Mce3E), located in the region of difference 15 of the M. tuberculosis genome and absent in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, has an essential role in facilitating the internalization of mammalian cells by mycobacteria. However, relatively little is known about the role of Mce3E in modulation of host innate immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that Mce3E inhibits the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, leading to the suppression of Tnf and Il6 expression, and the promotion of mycobacterial survival within macrophages. Mce3E interacts and colocalizes with ERK1/2 at the endoplasmic reticulum in a DEF motif (an ERK-docking motif)-dependent manner, relocates ERK1/2 from cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum, and finally reduces the association of ERK1/2 with MEK1 and blocks the nuclear translocation of phospho-ERK1/2. A DEF motif mutant form of Mce3E (F294A) loses its ability to suppress Tnf and Il6 expression and to promote intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway in macrophages using U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway, also leads to the suppressed Tnf and Il6 expression and the enhanced intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Taken together, these results suggest that M. tuberculosis Mce3E exploits the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to suppress host innate immune responses, providing a potential Mce3E-ERK1/2 interface-based drug target against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Qi-Yao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Bing-Xi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Xiao-Bo Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
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176
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Orme IM, Robinson RT, Cooper AM. The balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses in the TB-infected lung. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:57-63. [PMID: 25521685 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a disease of the lung, and efficient transmission is dependent on the generation of a lesion in the lung, which results in a bacterium-laden cough. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is able to manipulate both the innate and acquired immune response of the host. This manipulation results in an effective CD4(+) T cell response that limits disease throughout the body but can also promote the development of progressively destructive lesions in the lung. In this way Mtb infection can result in an ambulatory individual who has a lesion in the lung capable of transmitting Mtb. The inflammatory environment within the lung lesion is manipulated by Mtb throughout infection and can limit the expression of acquired immunity by a variety of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Orme
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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177
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Rudko AA, Garaeva AF, Bragina EY, Babushkina NP, Kolokolova OV, Lipaenkova ON, Puzyrev VP, Freidin MB. Mutations in genes underlying atypical familial mycobacteriosis are not found in tuberculosis patients from Siberian populations. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:204-7. [PMID: 25676343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atypical familial mycobacteriosis (AFM, OMIM #209950) is caused by mutations in genes regulating IL12/IFNG pathway. Some of the mutations exhibit incomplete penetrance, and they have been proposed to be involved in the common (polygenic) predisposition to tuberculosis (TB). We set out to test this hypothesis in two populations from Siberian region of Russia with high prevalence of TB. MATERIAL AND METHODS The prevalence of twelve mutations in IL12/IFNG pathway genes of were analysed in 331 Russians and 238 Tuvinians TB patients and in 279 healthy Russians and 265 healthy Tuvinians. A screening for new mutations and rare polymorphisms was carried out in 10 children with severe generalized TB and severe BCG-vaccine complications using Sanger's bidirectional sequencing. RESULTS Twelve mutations most commonly identified in AFM patients appeared to be "wild-type" monomorphic in the studied groups. No new mutations or rare polymorphisms were identified by sequencing. However, 15 common single nucleotide polymorphisms were found, none of which was associated with TB after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION The results of the study contradict with a hypothesis that mutations underlying AFM syndrome are involved in the predisposition to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Rudko
- Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Anna F Garaeva
- Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Bragina
- Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezda P Babushkina
- Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Valery P Puzyrev
- Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
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178
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Baral P, Batra S, Zemans RL, Downey GP, Jeyaseelan S. Divergent functions of Toll-like receptors during bacterial lung infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:722-32. [PMID: 25033332 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1101pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria are a major cause of death in humans irrespective of sex, race, or geography. Indeed, accumulated data indicate greater mortality and morbidity due to these infections than cancer, malaria, or HIV infection. Successful recognition of, followed by an appropriate response to, bacterial pathogens in the lungs is crucial for effective pulmonary host defense. Although the early recruitment and activation of neutrophils in the lungs is key in the response against invading microbial pathogens, other sentinels, such as alveolar macrophages, epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and CD4(+) T cells, also contribute to the elimination of the bacterial burden. Pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, are important for recognizing and responding to microbes during pulmonary infections. However, bacterial pathogens have acquired crafty evasive strategies to circumvent the pattern recognition receptor response and thus establish infection. Increased understanding of the function of TLRs and evasive mechanisms used by pathogens during pulmonary infection will deepen our knowledge of immunopathogenesis and is crucial for developing effective therapeutic and/or prophylactic measures. This review summarizes current knowledge of the multiple roles of TLRs in bacterial lung infections and highlights the mechanisms used by pathogens to modulate or interfere with TLR signaling in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Baral
- 1 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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179
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Spigelman M, Donoghue HD, Abdeen Z, Ereqat S, Sarie I, Greenblatt CL, Pap I, Szikossy I, Hershkovitz I, Bar-Gal GK, Matheson C. Evolutionary changes in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the human genome from 9000 years BP until modern times. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95 Suppl 1:S145-9. [PMID: 25771203 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in ancient skeletons gives researchers an insight into its evolution. Findings of the last two decades sketched the biological relationships between the various species of tubercle bacilli, the time scale involved, their possible origin and dispersal. This paper includes the available evidence and on-going research. In the submerged Eastern Mediterranean Neolithic village of Atlit Yam (9000 BP), a human lineage of M. tuberculosis, defined by the TbD1 deletion in its genome, was demonstrated. An infected infant at the site provides an example of active tuberculosis in a human with a naïve immune system. Over 4000 years later tuberculosis was found in Jericho. Urbanization increases population density encouraging M. tuberculosis/human co-evolution. As susceptible humans die of tuberculosis, survivors develop genetic resistance to disease. Thus in 18th century Hungarian mummies from Vác, 65% were positive for tuberculosis yet a 95-year-old woman had clearly survived a childhood Ghon lesion. Whole genome studies are in progress, to detect changes over the millennia both in bacterial virulence and also host susceptibility/resistance genes that determine the NRAMP protein and Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs). This paper surveys present evidence and includes initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Spigelman
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious & Tropical Diseases and Ancient DNA, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Helen D Donoghue
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Centre for the History of Medicine, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu-Deis, P.O. Box 201760, West Bank, Palestine.
| | - Suheir Ereqat
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu-Deis, P.O. Box 201760, West Bank, Palestine.
| | - Issa Sarie
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu-Deis, P.O. Box 201760, West Bank, Palestine.
| | - Charles L Greenblatt
- Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious & Tropical Diseases and Ancient DNA, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Szikossy
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Israel Hershkovitz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Gila Kahila Bar-Gal
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Carney Matheson
- Paleo-DNA Laboratory, Departments of Anthropology and Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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180
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Hashemi M, Sharifi-Mood B, Rasouli A, Amininia S, Naderi M, Taheri M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173 G/C polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:117-22. [PMID: 27065766 PMCID: PMC4822305 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has an important role in controlling infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between MIF -173 G/C functional polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in an Iranian population from Zahedan Southeast Iran. This case-control study was done on 161 PTB and 142 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from all participants by salting out method. The MIF -173 G/C variant was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The finding showed that the MIF -173 G/C polymorphism increased the risk of PTB in codominant (OR=1.76, 95 % CI=1.05-2.95, p=0.038, GC vs GG) and dominant (OR=1.78, 95 % CI=1.09-2.91, p=0.027, GC+CC vs GG) tested inheritance models. Furthermore, the minor allele frequency (MAF) increased the risk of PTB in comparison with G allele (OR=1.63, 95 % CI=1.07-2.48, p=0.028). In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that -173 G/C polymorphism may increase the risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Batool Sharifi-Mood
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azam Rasouli
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shadi Amininia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naderi
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Genetics of Non Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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181
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Abstract
Ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions across hydrophobic lipid membranes. In immune cells, divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc have important roles as second messengers to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. By contrast, monovalent cations such as sodium and potassium mainly regulate the membrane potential, which indirectly controls the influx of calcium and immune cell signaling. Studies investigating human patients with mutations in ion channels and transporters, analysis of gene-targeted mice, or pharmacological experiments with ion channel inhibitors have revealed important roles of ionic signals in lymphocyte development and in innate and adaptive immune responses. We here review the mechanisms underlying the function of ion channels and transporters in lymphocytes and innate immune cells and discuss their roles in lymphocyte development, adaptive and innate immune responses, and autoimmunity, as well as recent efforts to develop pharmacological inhibitors of ion channels for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Edward Y. Skolnik
- Division of Nephrology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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182
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Naderi M, Hashemi M, Khorgami P, Koshki M, Ebrahimi M, Amininia S, Sharifi-Mood B, Taheri M. Lack of Association between miRNA-146a rs2910164 and miRNA-499 rs3746444 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2015; 4:40-5. [PMID: 25815281 PMCID: PMC4359704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAsmay alter its expression levels or processing and contribute to susceptibility to a wide range of diseases. Our study aimed to evaluate the possible association between miRNA-146a rs2910164 and miRNA-499 rs3746444 polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a sample of Iranian population. This case- control study was performed on 202 PTB patients and 204 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed using tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). The results indicated that neither miRNA-499 rs3746444 nor miRNA-146a rs2910164 are associated with the risk of PTB in a sample of Iranian population. Larger studies with different ethnicities are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Corresponding author: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. E-mail: ;
| | - Parisa Khorgami
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Koshki
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mahboubeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Shadi Amininia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Batool Sharifi-Mood
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Genetics of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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183
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Polymorphisms in TICAM2 and IL1B are associated with TB. Genes Immun 2014; 16:127-133. [PMID: 25521228 PMCID: PMC4352113 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Human genetic susceptibility for tuberculosis (TB) has been demonstrated by several studies, but few have examined multiple innate and adaptive immunity genes comprehensively, age-specific effects, and/or resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (RSTR). We hypothesized that RSTR, defined by a persistently negative tuberculin skin test, may have different genetic influences than Mtb disease. Methods We examined 29 candidate genes in pathways that mediate immune responses to Mtb in subjects in a household contact study in Kampala, Uganda. We genotyped 546 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 835 individuals from 481 families; 28.7% had TB, 10.5% were RSTR, and the remaining 60.8% had latent Mtb infection. Results Among our most significant findings were SNPs in TICAM2 (p=3.6×10−6) and IL1B (p=4.3×10−5) associated with TB. Multiple SNPs in IL4 and TOLLIP were associated with TB (p<0.05). Age-genotype interaction analysis revealed SNPs in IL18 and TLR6 that were suggestively associated with TB in children ≤ 10 years old (p=2.9×10−3). By contrast, RSTR was associated with SNPs in NOD2, SLC6A3 and TLR4 (nominal p < 0.05); these genes were not associated with TB, suggesting distinct genetic influences. Conclusions We report the first association between TICAM2 polymorphisms and TB, and between IL18 and pediatric TB.
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184
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Asner SA, Morré SA, Bochud PY, Greub G. Host factors and genetic susceptibility to infections due to intracellular bacteria and fastidious organisms. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:1246-53. [PMID: 25366416 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While genetic polymorphisms play a paramount role in tuberculosis (TB), less is known about their contribution to the severity of diseases caused by other intracellular bacteria and fastidious microorganisms. We searched electronic databases for observational studies reporting on host factors and genetic predisposition to infections caused by intracellular fastidious bacteria published up to 30 May 2014. The contribution of genetic polymorphisms was documented for TB. This includes genetic defects in the mononuclear phagocyte/T helper cell type 1 (Th1) pathway contributing to disseminated TB disease in children and genome-wide linkage analysis (GWAS) in reactivated pulmonary TB in adults. Similarly, experimental studies supported the role of host genetic factors in the clinical presentation of illnesses resulting from other fastidious intracellular bacteria. These include IL-6 -174G/C or low mannose-binding (MBL) polymorphisms, which are incriminated in chronic pulmonary conditions triggered by C. pneumoniae, type 2-like cytokine secretion polymorphisms, which are correlated with various clinical patterns of M. pneumoniae infections, and genetic variation in the NOD2 gene, which is an indicator of tubal pathology resulting from Chamydia trachomatis infections. Monocyte/macrophage migration and T lymphocyte recruitment defects are corroborated to ineffective granuloma formation observed among patients with chronic Q fever. Similar genetic polymorphisms have also been suggested for infections caused by T. whipplei although not confirmed yet. In conclusion, this review supports the paramount role of genetic factors in clinical presentations and severity of infections caused by intracellular fastidious bacteria. Genetic predisposition should be further explored through such as exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Asner
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Unit of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Smith N, Hankinson J, Simpson A, Denning D, Bowyer P. Reduced expression of TLR3, TLR10 and TREM1 by human macrophages in Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, and novel associations of VEGFA, DENND1B and PLAT. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O960-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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186
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Innate Resistance to Tuberculosis in Man, Cattle and Laboratory Animal Models: Nipping Disease in the Bud? J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:291-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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187
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Zhang J, Zheng L, Zhu D, An H, Yang Y, Liang Y, Zhao W, Ding W, Wu X. Polymorphisms in the interleukin 18 receptor 1 gene and tuberculosis susceptibility among Chinese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110734. [PMID: 25360588 PMCID: PMC4216003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major public health challenge globally. Genetic epidemiological evidence suggests a genetic basis for TB, but the molecular mechanism for a genetic predisposition to TB remains largely unknown. Thirty-five tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 11 candidate cytokines and related genes, including IL-12/IFN-γ axis genes (IL12B, IL12RB1, IL18R1, IL27, IFNGR1, IFNGR2 and STAT1), the TNF gene locus (TNF and LTA), IL10, and CCL2, were genotyped using Sequenom's iPLEX assays in 1,032 patients with TB and 1,008 controls of Chinese Han origin. We did not find that any of the 35 tag SNPs individually or as haplotypes was significantly associated with susceptibility to TB, on the basis of multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex. However, stratification analyses showed that, in those with age 46 years or older, carrying the rs1974675 T allele in the IL18R1 gene had a significantly decreased susceptibility to TB occurrence compared with carrying the C/C genotype (OR = 0.57, P = 5.0×10(-4)). Further analysis indicated that a SNP in absolute linkage disequilibrium with rs1974675, rs3755276, is located within a CpG dinucleotide and showed hypomethylation in controls than in patients (19.6% vs. 31.4%; P = 1.0×10(-4)) and genotype-specific DNA methylation at the IL18R1 promoter and IL18R1 mRNA levels. In addition, DNA methylation levels were significantly inversely correlated with mRNA levels. Thus, decreased mRNA levels of IL18R1 due to rs3755276 may partially mediate the increased susceptibility to TB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Zhang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huiru An
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yourong Yang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (WD)
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (WD)
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188
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Goehrs L, Baudry E, Bornand A. [Spondylodiscitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus agalactiae]. Med Mal Infect 2014; 44:486-7. [PMID: 25277405 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Goehrs
- Unité de court séjour gériatrique, université Paris-Île-de-France-Ouest, hôpital André-Mignot, Le-Chesnay, France.
| | - E Baudry
- Service de médecine interne-gériatrie aiguë, groupe hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, hôpital Charles Foix, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - A Bornand
- Service de médecine interne-gériatrie aiguë, groupe hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, hôpital Charles Foix, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
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189
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Sadee W, Hartmann K, Seweryn M, Pietrzak M, Handelman SK, Rempala GA. Missing heritability of common diseases and treatments outside the protein-coding exome. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1199-215. [PMID: 25107510 PMCID: PMC4169001 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors strongly influence risk of common human diseases and treatment outcomes but the causative variants remain largely unknown; this gap has been called the 'missing heritability'. We propose several hypotheses that in combination have the potential to narrow the gap. First, given a multi-stage path from wellness to disease, we propose that common variants under positive evolutionary selection represent normal variation and gate the transition between wellness and an 'off-well' state, revealing adaptations to changing environmental conditions. In contrast, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focus on deleterious variants conveying disease risk, accelerating the path from off-well to illness and finally specific diseases, while common 'normal' variants remain hidden in the noise. Second, epistasis (dynamic gene-gene interactions) likely assumes a central role in adaptations and evolution; yet, GWAS analyses currently are poorly designed to reveal epistasis. As gene regulation is germane to adaptation, we propose that epistasis among common normal regulatory variants, or between common variants and less frequent deleterious variants, can have strong protective or deleterious phenotypic effects. These gene-gene interactions can be highly sensitive to environmental stimuli and could account for large differences in drug response between individuals. Residing largely outside the protein-coding exome, common regulatory variants affect either transcription of coding and non-coding RNAs (regulatory SNPs, or rSNPs) or RNA functions and processing (structural RNA SNPs, or srSNPs). Third, with the vast majority of causative variants yet to be discovered, GWAS rely on surrogate markers, a confounding factor aggravated by the presence of more than one causative variant per gene and by epistasis. We propose that the confluence of these factors may be responsible to large extent for the observed heritability gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 5184A Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA,
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190
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Yuan Q, Chen H, Zheng X, Chen X, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Shi T, Zhou J, Chen Q, Yu S. The association between C-159T polymorphism in CD14 gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7623-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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191
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Polymorphisms of SP110 are associated with both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among the Vietnamese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99496. [PMID: 25006821 PMCID: PMC4090157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet the reasons why only 10% of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis go on to develop clinical disease are poorly understood. Genetically determined variation in the host immune response is one factor influencing the response to M. tuberculosis. SP110 is an interferon-responsive nuclear body protein with critical roles in cell cycling, apoptosis and immunity to infection. However association studies of the gene with clinical TB in different populations have produced conflicting results. Methods To examine the importance of the SP110 gene in immunity to TB in the Vietnamese we conducted a case-control genetic association study of 24 SP110 variants, in 663 patients with microbiologically proven TB and 566 unaffected control subjects from three tertiary hospitals in northern Vietnam. Results Five SNPs within SP110 were associated with all forms of TB, including four SNPs at the C terminus (rs10208770, rs10498244, rs16826860, rs11678451) under a dominant model and one SNP under a recessive model, rs7601176. Two of these SNPs were associated with pulmonary TB (rs10208770 and rs16826860) and one with extra-pulmonary TB (rs10498244). Conclusion SP110 variants were associated with increased susceptibility to both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB in the Vietnamese. Genetic variants in SP110 may influence macrophage signaling responses and apoptosis during M. tuberculosis infection, however further research is required to establish the mechanism by which SP110 influences immunity to tuberculosis infection.
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192
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Kelly JN, Barr SD. In silico analysis of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human TRIM22 gene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101436. [PMID: 24983760 PMCID: PMC4077803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif protein 22 (TRIM22) is an evolutionarily ancient protein that plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. The antiviral TRIM22 protein has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 expression has also been associated with multiple sclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune disease. In this study, multiple in silico computational methods were used to identify non-synonymous or amino acid-changing SNPs (nsSNP) that are deleterious to TRIM22 structure and/or function. A sequence homology-based approach was adopted for screening nsSNPs in TRIM22, including six different in silico prediction algorithms and evolutionary conservation data from the ConSurf web server. In total, 14 high-risk nsSNPs were identified in TRIM22, most of which are located in a protein interaction module called the B30.2 domain. Additionally, 9 of the top high-risk nsSNPs altered the putative structure of TRIM22's B30.2 domain, particularly in the surface-exposed v2 and v3 regions. These same regions are critical for retroviral restriction by the closely-related TRIM5α protein. A number of putative structural and functional residues, including several sites that undergo post-translational modification, were also identified in TRIM22. This study is the first extensive in silico analysis of the highly polymorphic TRIM22 gene and will be a valuable resource for future targeted mechanistic and population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N. Kelly
- Western University, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Sciences Building, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Barr
- Western University, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Sciences Building, London, Ontario, Canada
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193
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Elks PM, van der Vaart M, van Hensbergen V, Schutz E, Redd MJ, Murayama E, Spaink HP, Meijer AH. Mycobacteria counteract a TLR-mediated nitrosative defense mechanism in a zebrafish infection model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100928. [PMID: 24967596 PMCID: PMC4072692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major world health problem. The production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a potent cytostatic and cytotoxic defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens. Nevertheless, the protective role of RNS during Mtb infection remains controversial. Here we use an anti-nitrotyrosine antibody as a readout to study nitration output by the zebrafish host during early mycobacterial pathogenesis. We found that recognition of Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of Mtb, was sufficient to induce a nitrosative defense mechanism in a manner dependent on MyD88, the central adaptor protein in Toll like receptor (TLR) mediated pathogen recognition. However, this host response was attenuated by mycobacteria via a virulence mechanism independent of the well-characterized RD1 virulence locus. Our results indicate a mechanism of pathogenic mycobacteria to circumvent host defense in vivo. Shifting the balance of host-pathogen interactions in favor of the host by targeting this virulence mechanism may help to alleviate the problem of infection with Mtb strains that are resistant to multiple drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Elks
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Esther Schutz
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Redd
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University Of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Emi Murayama
- Unité Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité de Recherche Associée 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Herman P. Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H. Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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194
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Hijikata M, Matsushita I, Hang NTL, Maeda S, Thuong PH, Tam DB, Shimbo T, Sakurada S, Cuong VC, Lien LT, Keicho N. Age-dependent association of mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms with the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in Viet Nam. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:840-6. [PMID: 24952212 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to pathogens and induces complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis. Although the association between MBL2 polymorphisms and tuberculosis (TB) has been studied in various populations, the results are controversial. We explored the stages of TB associated with MBL2 polymorphisms. X/Y (rs7096206) and A/B (rs1800450) were genotyped in 765 new patients with active pulmonary TB without HIV infection and 556 controls in Hanoi, Viet Nam. The MBL2 nucleotide sequences were further analyzed, and plasma MBL levels were measured in 109 apparently healthy healthcare workers and 65 patients with TB. Latent TB infection (LTBI) was detected by interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The YA/YA diplotype, which exhibited high plasma MBL levels, was associated with protection against active TB in younger patients (mean age = 32)≦ 45 years old (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.80). The resistant diplotype was less frequently found in the younger patients at diagnosis (P = 0.0021). MBL2 diplotype frequencies and plasma MBL levels were not significantly different between the IGRA-positive and -negative groups. MBL2 YA/YA exhibited a protective role against the development of TB in younger patients, whereas the MBL2 genotype and MBL levels were not associated with LTBI. High MBL levels may protect against the early development of pulmonary TB after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan; National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ikumi Matsushita
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Maeda
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | | | - Do Bang Tam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Hanoi Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Takuro Shimbo
- Department of Clinical Study and Informatics, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Sakurada
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoto Keicho
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan; National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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195
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Abel L, El-Baghdadi J, Bousfiha AA, Casanova JL, Schurr E. Human genetics of tuberculosis: a long and winding road. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130428. [PMID: 24821915 PMCID: PMC4024222 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a small fraction of individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop clinical tuberculosis (TB). Over the past century, epidemiological studies have shown that human genetic factors contribute significantly to this interindividual variability, and molecular progress has been made over the past decade for at least two of the three key TB-related phenotypes: (i) a major locus controlling resistance to infection with M. tuberculosis has been identified, and (ii) proof of principle that severe TB of childhood can result from single-gene inborn errors of interferon-γ immunity has been provided; genetic association studies with pulmonary TB in adulthood have met with more limited success. Future genetic studies of these three phenotypes could consider subgroups of subjects defined on the basis of individual (e.g. age at TB onset) or environmental (e.g. pathogen strain) factors. Progress may also be facilitated by further methodological advances in human genetics. Identification of the human genetic variants controlling the various stages and forms of TB is critical for understanding TB pathogenesis. These findings should have major implications for TB control, in the definition of improved prevention strategies, the optimization of vaccines and clinical trials and the development of novel treatments aiming to restore deficient immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, , 75015 Paris, France
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196
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A meta-analysis of P2X7 gene-762T/C polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96359. [PMID: 24810548 PMCID: PMC4014486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to determine the association between P2X7 -762T/C polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility. METHODOLOGY Based on comprehensive searches of the PubMed, SCI, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Database, we identified eligible studies about the association between P2X7 -762T/C polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis risk. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated in random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 2207 tuberculosis cases and 2220 controls in 8 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Allele model (C vs. T: p = 0.15; OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.65-1.07), homozygous model (CC vs. TT: p = 0.23; OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.44 to 1.22), and heterozygous model (CT vs. TT: p = 0.57; OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.24) did not show increased risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Similarly, dominant model (CC+CT vs. TT: p = 0.32; OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.19) and recessive model (CC vs. CT+TT: p = 0.08; OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.04) failed to show increased risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity did not detect any significant association between P2X7-762T/C polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS P2X7 -762T/C gene polymorphism is not associated with pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility.
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197
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Jakopin Ž. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) inhibitors: a rational approach toward inhibition of NOD signaling pathway. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6897-918. [PMID: 24707857 DOI: 10.1021/jm401841p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2) has been implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory disorders, rendering them and their downstream signaling proteins potential therapeutic targets. Selective inhibition of NOD1 and NOD2 signaling could be advantageous in treating many acute and chronic diseases; therefore, harnessing the full potential of NOD inhibitors is a key topic in medicinal chemistry. Although they are among the best studied NOD-like receptors (NLRs), the therapeutic potential of pharmacological modulation of NOD1 and NOD2 is largely unexplored. This review is focused on the scientific progress in the field of NOD inhibitors over the past decade, including the recently reported selective inhibitors of NOD1 and NOD2. In addition, the potential approaches to inhibition of NOD signaling as well as the advantages and disadvantages linked with inhibition of NOD signaling are discussed. Finally, the potential directions for drug discovery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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198
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The effects of socioeconomic status, clinical factors, and genetic ancestry on pulmonary tuberculosis disease in northeastern Mexico. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94303. [PMID: 24728409 PMCID: PMC3984129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse socioeconomic and clinical factors influence susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) disease in Mexico. The role of genetic factors, particularly those that differ between the parental groups that admixed in Mexico, is unclear. The objectives of this study are to identify the socioeconomic and clinical predictors of the transition from latent TB infection (LTBI) to pulmonary TB disease in an urban population in northeastern Mexico, and to examine whether genetic ancestry plays an independent role in this transition. We recruited 97 pulmonary TB disease patients and 97 LTBI individuals from a public hospital in Monterrey, Nuevo León. Socioeconomic and clinical variables were collected from interviews and medical records, and genetic ancestry was estimated for a subset of 142 study participants from 291,917 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We examined crude associations between the variables and TB disease status. Significant predictors from crude association tests were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. We also compared genetic ancestry between LTBI individuals and TB disease patients at 1,314 SNPs in 273 genes from the TB biosystem in the NCBI BioSystems database. In crude association tests, 12 socioeconomic and clinical variables were associated with TB disease. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that marital status, diabetes, and smoking were independently associated with TB status. Genetic ancestry was not associated with TB disease in either crude or multivariable analyses. Separate analyses showed that LTBI individuals recruited from hospital staff had significantly higher European genetic ancestry than LTBI individuals recruited from the clinics and waiting rooms. Genetic ancestry differed between individuals with LTBI and TB disease at SNPs located in two genes in the TB biosystem. These results indicate that Monterrey may be structured with respect to genetic ancestry, and that genetic differences in TB susceptibility in parental populations may contribute to variation in disease susceptibility in the region.
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199
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Landolfi JA, Miller M, Maddox C, Zuckermann F, Langan JN, Terio KA. Differences in immune cell function between tuberculosis positive and negative Asian elephants. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:374-82. [PMID: 24836563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an important health concern for Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) populations worldwide, however, mechanisms underlying susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are unknown. Proliferative responses assessed via brominated uridine incorporation and cytokine expression measured by real-time RT-PCR were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from 8 tuberculosis negative and 8 positive Asian elephants. Cultures were stimulated with Mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative (PPD-B), M. tuberculosis culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10, and Mycobacterium avium PPD (PPD-A). Following stimulation with PPD-B, proliferation was higher (α = 0.005) in positive samples; no significant differences were detected following CFP-10 or PPD-A stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, and interferon (IFN)-γ expression was greater in samples from positive elephants following stimulation with PPD-B (α = 0.025) and CFP-10 (α = 0.025 TNF-α and IL-12; α = 0.005 IFN-γ). Stimulation with PPD-A also produced enhanced IL-12 expression in positive samples (α = 0.025). Findings suggested that differences in immune cell function exist between tuberculosis positive and negative elephants. Proliferative responses and expression of TNF-α, IL-12, and IFN-γ in response to stimulation with PPD-B and CFP-10 differ between tuberculosis positive and negative elephants, suggesting these parameters may be important to tuberculosis immunopathogenesis in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Landolfi
- University of Illinois, Zoological Pathology Program, Loyola University Medical Center, Building 101, Room 0745, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Michele Miller
- Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, 1222 E Road, Loxahatchee, FL 33470, USA.
| | - Carol Maddox
- University of Illinois, Department of Pathobiology, 1219 VMVSB, 2001 South Lincoln, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Federico Zuckermann
- University of Illinois, Department of Pathobiology, 2834 VMBSC, 2001 South Lincoln, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Langan
- University of Illinois, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
| | - Karen A Terio
- University of Illinois, Zoological Pathology Program, Loyola University Medical Center, Building 101, Room 0745, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Sabri A, Grant AV, Cosker K, El Azbaoui S, Abid A, Abderrahmani Rhorfi I, Souhi H, Janah H, Alaoui-Tahiri K, Gharbaoui Y, Benkirane M, Orlova M, Boland A, Deswarte C, Migaud M, Bustamante J, Schurr E, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL, Abel L, El Baghdadi J. Association study of genes controlling IL-12-dependent IFN-γ immunity: STAT4 alleles increase risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in Morocco. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:611-8. [PMID: 24610875 PMCID: PMC4111910 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Only a minority of individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop clinical tuberculosis. Genetic epidemiological evidence suggests that pulmonary tuberculosis has a strong human genetic component. Previous genetic findings in Mendelian predisposition to more severe mycobacterial infections, including by M. tuberculosis, underlined the importance of the interleukin 12 (IL-12)/interferon γ (IFN-γ) circuit in antimycobacterial immunity. Methods. We conducted an association study in Morocco between pulmonary tuberculosis and a panel of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 14 core IL-12/IFN-γ circuit genes. The analyses were performed in a discovery family-based sample followed by replication in a case-control population. Results. Out of 228 SNPs tested in the family-based sample, 6 STAT4 SNPs were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (P = .0013–.01). We replicated the same direction of association for 1 cluster of 3 SNPs encompassing the promoter region of STAT4. In the combined sample, the association was stronger among younger subjects (pulmonary tuberculosis onset <25 years) with an odds ratio of developing pulmonary tuberculosis at rs897200 for GG vs AG/AA subjects of 1.47 (1.06–2.04). Previous functional experiments showed that the G allele of rs897200 was associated with lower STAT4 expression. Conclusions. Our present findings in a Moroccan population support an association of pulmonary tuberculosis with STAT4 promoter-region polymorphisms that may impact STAT4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Sabri
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Science-Kenitra, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Audrey V Grant
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Kristel Cosker
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Safa El Azbaoui
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Science-Kenitra, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Abid
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Hicham Souhi
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Janah
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kebir Alaoui-Tahiri
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yasser Gharbaoui
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Majid Benkirane
- Blood Transfusion Center, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marianna Orlova
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Boland
- CEA, Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker hospital, Paris France
| | - Erwin Schurr
- McGill International TB Centre, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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