151
|
Bilous S, Likhanov A, Boroday V, Marchuk Y, Zelena L, Subin O, Bilous A. Antifungal Activity and Effect of Plant-Associated Bacteria on Phenolic Synthesis of Quercus robur L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1352. [PMID: 36987039 PMCID: PMC10059881 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Europe's forests, particularly in Ukraine, are highly vulnerable to climate change. The maintenance and improvement of forest health are high-priority issues, and various stakeholders have shown an interest in understanding and utilizing ecological interactions between trees and their associated microorganisms. Endophyte microbes can influence the health of trees either by directly interacting with the damaging agents or modulating host responses to infection. In the framework of this work, ten morphotypes of endophytic bacteria from the tissues of unripe acorns of Quercus robur L. were isolated. Based on the results of the sequenced 16S rRNA genes, four species of endophytic bacteria were identified: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Delftia acidovorans, and Lelliottia amnigena. Determining the activity of pectolytic enzymes showed that the isolates B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens could not cause maceration of plant tissues. Screening for these isolates revealed their fungistatic effect against phytopathogenic micromycetes, namely Fusarium tricinctum, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Inoculation of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and their complex in oak leaves, in contrast to phytopathogenic bacteria, contributed to the complete restoration of the epidermis at the sites of damage. The phytopathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium and Pseudomonas caused a 2.0 and 2.2 times increase in polyphenol concentration in the plants, respectively, while the ratio of antioxidant activity to total phenolic content decreased. Inoculation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis isolates into oak leaf tissue were accompanied by a decrease in the total pool of phenolic compounds. The ratio of antioxidant activity to total phenolic content increased. This indicates a qualitative improvement in the overall balance of the oak leaf antioxidant system induced by potential PGPB. Thus, endophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus isolated from the internal tissues of unripe oak acorns have the ability of growth biocontrol and spread of phytopathogens, indicating their promise for use as biopesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Bilous
- Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.M.)
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology NAS of Ukraine, 37 Lebedeva Str., 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
- Forestry Department, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Artur Likhanov
- Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.M.)
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology NAS of Ukraine, 37 Lebedeva Str., 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Vira Boroday
- Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.M.)
| | - Yurii Marchuk
- Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.M.)
| | - Liubov Zelena
- Danylo Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotnogo Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Subin
- State Enterprise “State Centre of Agricultural Products Certification and Examination”, Janusha Korchaka Str. 9/12, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Bilous
- Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Artificial Cultivation Changes Foliar Endophytic Fungal Community of the Ornamental Plant Lirianthe delavayi. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030775. [PMID: 36985348 PMCID: PMC10059682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many wild ornamental plant species have been introduced to improve the landscape of cities; however, until now, no study has been performed to explore the composition and function of foliar endophytes associated with cultivated rare plants in cities after their introduction. In this study, we collected the leaves of the healthy ornamental plant Lirianthe delavayi from wild and artificially cultivated habitats in Yunnan and compared their diversity, species composition, and functional predictions of their foliar endophytic fungal community based on high-throughput sequencing technology. In total, 3125 ASVs of fungi were obtained. The alpha diversity indices of wild L. delavayi populations are similar to those of cultivated samples; however, the species compositions of endophytic fungal ASVs were significantly varied in the two habitats. The dominant phylum is Ascomycota, accounting for more than 90% of foliar endophytes in both populations; relatively, artificial cultivation trends to increase the frequency of common phytopathogens of L. delavayi, such as Alternaria, Erysiphe. The relative abundance of 55 functional predictions is different between wild and cultivated L. delavayi leaves (p < 0.05); in particular, chromosome, purine metabolism, and peptidases are significantly increased in wild samples, while flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, and fatty acid metabolism are significantly enhanced in cultivated samples. Our results indicated that artificial cultivation can greatly change the foliar endophytic fungal community of L. delavayi, which is valuable for understanding the influence of the domestication process on the foliar fungal community associated with rare ornamental plants in urban environments.
Collapse
|
153
|
Bhunjun CS, Phukhamsakda C, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Saxena RK, Li Q. Do all fungi have ancestors with endophytic lifestyles? FUNGAL DIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-023-00516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
|
154
|
Overbeek LV. Human Pathogens in Primary Production Systems. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030750. [PMID: 36985323 PMCID: PMC10053829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic micro-organisms can contaminate plants [...]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo van Overbeek
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Abstract
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial symbiotic communities span through kingdoms. The vast microbial gene pool extends the host genome and supports adaptations to changing environmental conditions. Plants are versatile hosts for the symbionts, carrying microbes on the surface, inside tissues, and even within the cells. Insects are equally abundantly colonized by microbial symbionts on the exoskeleton, in the gut, in the hemocoel, and inside the cells. The insect gut is a prolific environment, but it is selective on the microbial species that enter with food. Plants and insects are often highly dependent on each other and frequently interact. Regardless of the accumulating evidence on the microbiomes of both organisms, it remains unclear how much they exchange and modify each other's microbiomes. In this review, we approach this question from the point of view of herbivores that feed on plants, with a special focus on the forest ecosystems. After a brief introduction to the subject, we concentrate on the plant microbiome, the overlap between plant and insect microbial communities, and how the exchange and modification of microbiomes affects the fitness of each host.
Collapse
|
156
|
López AC, Giorgio EM, Vereschuk ML, Zapata PD, Luna MF, Alvarenga AE. Ilex paraguariensis Hosts Root-Trichoderma spp. with Plant-Growth-Promoting Traits: Characterization as Biological Control Agents and Biofertilizers. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:120. [PMID: 36856863 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of native plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) as bio-inoculants was assessed as an alternative to improve Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire growth in the nursery. Fourteen Trichoderma strains isolated from yerba mate roots were evaluated in vitro for their potential as biological control agents (BCA) and PGPM. The PGPM properties were evaluated through the strain's antagonistic activity against three fungal pathogens (Alternaria sp., F. oxysporum, and F. solani) plus the production of extracellular cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and cellulase. These results were used to calculate different PGPM indices to select the strains with the optimal properties. Four Trichoderma strains: T. asperelloides LBM193, LBM204, LBM206, and Trichoderma sp. LBM202, were selected based on their indirect and direct PGPM properties used in an inoculation assay on yerba mate plants in greenhouse conditions. A highly significant positive effect of bio-inoculation with these Trichoderma strains was observed in one-year-old yerba mate seedlings. Inoculated plants exhibited a greater height, chlorophyll content, and dry weight than un-inoculated plants; those treated with LBM193 manifested the best results. Yerba mate plants treated with LBM202 exhibited a healthy appearance and were more vigorous, showing potential for biocontrol agent. In conclusion, yerba mate seedlings in the Misiones region were found to have a reservoir of Trichoderma species that increases the yield of this crop in the nursery and protects them from adverse biotic and abiotic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C López
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca", Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Ruta Nacional 12 Km 7, 5, Misiones, C.P. 3300, Argentina.
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Ernesto M Giorgio
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca", Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Ruta Nacional 12 Km 7, 5, Misiones, C.P. 3300, Argentina
| | - Manuela L Vereschuk
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca", Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Ruta Nacional 12 Km 7, 5, Misiones, C.P. 3300, Argentina
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Argentina
| | - Pedro D Zapata
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca", Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Ruta Nacional 12 Km 7, 5, Misiones, C.P. 3300, Argentina
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Argentina
| | - María F Luna
- Centro de Investigación Y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CCT-La Plata CONICET, CIC-PBA, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 115 Y 50 N° 227, C.P. 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana E Alvarenga
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca", Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Ruta Nacional 12 Km 7, 5, Misiones, C.P. 3300, Argentina
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Hernández-Tasco AJ, Tronchini RA, Apaza-Castillo GA, Hosaka GK, Quiñones NR, Goulart MC, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, Salvador MJ. Diversity of bacterial and fungal endo phytic communities presents in the leaf blades of Sinningia magnifica, Sinningia schiffneri and Sinningia speciosa from different cladus of Gesneriaceae family: a comparative analysis in three consecutive years. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127365. [PMID: 37011509 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Sinningia is a genus of plants of Gesneriaceae family with species native to Brazil and is a source of several classes of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as quinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylethanoid glycosides. However, the diversity of endophytic microorganisms associated with them and the impact of endophytes on the biosynthesis of bioactive substances is unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the microbial diversity, behavior, and frequency of endophytes in leaves blades of S. magnifica, S. schiffneri, and S. speciosa. These plants were collected in different regions and environments of Brazil and were studied comparatively for three consecutive years. The total DNA obtained from the blades of the plant leaves were sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by bioinformatics analysis to assess the microbial diversity of endophytes associated with each plant species and study year. The results of the taxonomic diversity showed a dynamic microbial community, which contained several bacterial phyla among them, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Pseudomonadota, and for the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Comparing the three years of study, the richness of the genera, over time, was decreasing, with signs of recovery towards the third year. The alpha and beta diversity indices confirm a great phylogenetic richness in the endophytic communities of bacteria and fungi associated with the leaf blades of Sinningia. However, these communities are comparatively little conserved, showing population and taxonomic changes of the microorganisms over time, possibly as a measure of adjustment to environmental conditions, evidencing both its fragility and versatility against the effects of environmental change on its endophytic microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro José Hernández-Tasco
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Aparecida Tronchini
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka
- Department of Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Nataly Ruiz Quiñones
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Cristina Goulart
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Sharma P, Aswini K, Sai Prasad J, Kumar N, Pathak D, Gond S, Venkadasamy G, Suman A. Characterization of actinobacteria from wheat seeds for plant growth promoting traits and protection against fungal pathogens. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:439-453. [PMID: 36319472 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seeds harbor naturally occurring microbial endophytes that proliferate during seedling development; playing crucial roles in seedling growth, establishment, and protection against fungal pathogens. Resilient actinobacteria of wheat seeds have been explored in this study for their beneficial traits. Ten actinobacteria isolated from the surface-sterilized seeds of wheat variety HD3117 were identified as nine species of Streptomyces and one of Nocardiopsis. Most isolates could grow at 42°C, 5% NaCl, and 10% poly ethylene glycol (PEG); exhibited variable hydrolytic enzyme production for amylase, cellulase, and protease. Few isolates produced indole acetic acid (9.0-18.9 µg ml-1 ) and could solubilize P (11.3-85.2 µg ml-1 ). The isolates were antagonistic against one or more fungal pathogens under test (Fusarium graminearum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria sp., and Tilletia indica), of which Streptomyces sampsonii WSA20 inhibited all in dual culture assay. Priming of wheat seeds with the efficient isolate WSA20 led to effective colonization in the root zone and significantly improved germination, shoot and root length in seed germination assay. Significant protection was recorded in microcosm experiment where no symptoms of disease were observed. This study shows the significance of actinobacterial endophytes of wheat seeds in influencing seed germination and seedling growth while protecting from soil-borne pathogens. It is original and suggests that the seed inhabiting efficient actinobacteria may be developed as efficient bioinoculant for sustainable farming system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Krishnan Aswini
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Jogdande Sai Prasad
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Devashish Pathak
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Gond
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Govindasamy Venkadasamy
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Suman
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Maggini V, Bettini PP, Fani R, Firenzuoli F, Bogani P. Echinacea purpurea microbiota: bacterial-fungal interactions and the interplay with host and non-host plant species in vitro dual culture. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:246-256. [PMID: 36445167 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Important evidence is reported on the antimicrobial and antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes in Echinacea purpurea and their role in the modulation of plant synthesis of bioactive compounds. Here, endophytic fungi were isolated from E. purpurea, and the dual culture approach was applied to deepen insights into the complex plant-microbiome interaction network. In vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the species specificity of the interaction between host (E. purpurea) and non-host (E. angustifolia and Nicotiana tabacum) plant tissues and bacterial or fungal endophytes isolated from living E. purpurea plants to test interactions between fungal and bacterial endophytes. A higher tropism towards plant tissue and growth was observed for both fungal and bacterial isolates compared to controls without plant tissue. The growth of all fungi was significantly inhibited by several bacterial strains that, in turn, were scarcely affected by the presence of fungi. Finally, E. purpurea endophytic bacteria were able to inhibit mycelial growth of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with wild Echinacea plants interact with each other and could represent a potential source of bioactive compounds and a biocontrol tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Maggini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - P P Bettini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - P Bogani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Macaya-Sanz D, Witzell J, Collada C, Gil L, Martín JA. Core endophytic mycobiome in Ulmus minor and its relation to Dutch elm disease resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125942. [PMID: 36925756 PMCID: PMC10011445 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The core microbiota of plants exerts key effects on plant performance and resilience to stress. The aim of this study was to identify the core endophytic mycobiome in U. minor stems and disentangle associations between its composition and the resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). We also defined its spatial variation within the tree and among distant tree populations. Stem samples were taken i) from different heights of the crown of a 168-year-old elm tree, ii) from adult elm trees growing in a common garden and representing a gradient of resistance to DED, and iii) from trees growing in two distant natural populations, one of them with varying degrees of vitality. Endophyte composition was profiled by high throughput sequencing of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA. Three families of yeasts (Buckleyzymaceae, Trichomeriaceae and Bulleraceae) were associated to DED-resistant hosts. A small proportion (10%) of endophytic OTUs was almost ubiquitous throughout the crown while tree colonization by most fungal taxa followed stochastic patterns. A clear distinction in endophyte composition was found between geographical locations. By combining all surveys, we found evidence of a U. minor core mycobiome, pervasive within the tree and ubiquitous across locations, genotypes and health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Macaya-Sanz
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Carmen Collada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI) Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI) Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI) Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Vaccination of Elms against Dutch Elm Disease—Are the Associated Epiphytes and Endophytes Affected? J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030297. [PMID: 36983465 PMCID: PMC10057572 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dutch elm disease (DED) is causing extensive mortality of ecologically and culturally valuable elm trees (Ulmus spp.). Treatment of elms with the biological vaccine Dutch Trig® has been found to provide effective protection against DED by stimulating the defensive mechanisms of the trees. We hypothesized that the same mechanisms could also affect non-target organisms associated with elms. We explored the possible effects of vaccination on epiphytes (mainly lichens) and fungal endophytes living in the bark and young xylem of treated elms. Epiphyte cover percentage was assessed visually using a grid placed on the trunks, and a culture-based approach was used to study endophytes. Epiphyte cover was lower on the trunks of vaccinated trees as compared with unvaccinated trees, but the difference was not statistically significant. The presence of slow-growing and uncommon endophytes seemed to be reduced in continuously vaccinated elms; however, the highest endophyte diversity was found in elms four years after cessation of the vaccination treatments. Our findings suggest that although vaccination may shape epiphyte and endophyte communities in elms, its impacts are not straightforward. More detailed studies are, therefore, needed to inform the sustainable application of the vaccine as a part of the integrated management of DED.
Collapse
|
162
|
Seasonal activities of the phyllosphere microbiome of perennial crops. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1039. [PMID: 36823152 PMCID: PMC9950430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between plants and microorganisms can inform microbiome management to enhance crop productivity and resilience to stress. Here, we apply a genome-centric approach to identify ecologically important leaf microbiome members on replicated plots of field-grown switchgrass and miscanthus, and to quantify their activities over two growing seasons for switchgrass. We use metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing and curate 40 medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs). We find that classes represented by these MAGs (Actinomycetia, Alpha- and Gamma- Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota) are active in the late season, and upregulate transcripts for short-chain dehydrogenase, molybdopterin oxidoreductase, and polyketide cyclase. Stress-associated pathways are expressed for most MAGs, suggesting engagement with the host environment. We also detect seasonally activated biosynthetic pathways for terpenes and various non-ribosomal peptide pathways that are poorly annotated. Our findings support that leaf-associated bacterial populations are seasonally dynamic and responsive to host cues.
Collapse
|
163
|
Wang YZ, Zhou SYD, Zhou XY, An XL, Su JQ. Manure and biochar have limited effect on lettuce leaf endophyte resistome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160515. [PMID: 36442632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendment with manure compost and biochar is widely adopted to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth, and their effects on soil microbial communities and resistome have been well documented. However, there is sparse information regarding their effects on vegetable endophytes, which represent a major source of human exposure to pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) when eaten raw. Here, we investigated the impacts of manure compost or biochar addition on the bacterial community compositions and ARGs in the soil-lettuce continuum including soil, seed, leaf, and root samples. A total of 137 ARGs and 31 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in all the samples after 60 days of cultivation. The relative abundance of ARGs and the diversity of bacteria communities presented a consistent decreasing trend from soil to root endophytes, then leaf endophytes. Manure compost addition increased the diversity and abundance of ARGs in soil, while significant changes in the ARG profiles and bacterial communities were not observed in leaf endophytes after manure compost or biochar addition, or both. Bipartite networks analysis suggested that seed microbiome was one of the major sources of plant endophytes and ARGs. Twenty potential human pathogens were isolated from lettuce, indicating potential exposure risk to pathogens via the consumption of raw lettuce. These results suggest limited impacts of manure compost and biochar addition on lettuce endophytes and highlight the contribution of seed microbiome to endophyte ARG profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Yi-Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Xie L, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Guo N. Effect of Coal Mining on Soil Microorganisms from Stipa krylovii Rhizosphere in Typical Grassland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3689. [PMID: 36834383 PMCID: PMC9960647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The environmental changes caused by coal mining activities caused disturbances to the plant, soil, and microbial health in the mining area. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in the ecological restoration of mining areas. However, it is less understood how soil fungal communities with multiple functional groups respond to coal mining, and the quantitative impact and risk of mining disturbance. Therefore, in this study, the effect of coal mining on soil microorganisms' composition and diversity were analyzed near the edge of an opencast coal-mine dump in the Shengli mining area, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia. The response strategy of soil fungi to coal mining and the stability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil fungal community were determined. Our results showed that coal mining affected AMF and soil fungi in areas within 900 m from the coal mine. The abundance of endophytes increased with the distance between sampling sites and the mine dump, whereas the abundance of saprotroph decreased with the distance between sampling sites and the mine dump. Saprotroph was the dominant functional flora near the mining area. The nodes percentage of Septoglomus and Claroideoglomus and AMF phylogenetic diversity near the mining area were highest. AMF responded to the mining disturbance via the variety and evolution strategy of flora. Furthermore, AMF and soil fungal communities were significantly correlated with edaphic properties and parameters. Soil available phosphorus (AP) was the main influencer of soil AMF and fungal communities. These findings evaluated the risk range of coal mining on AMF and soil fungal communities and elucidated the microbial response strategy to mining disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinli Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Restoration in Mining Areas of West China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Poupin MJ, Ledger T, Roselló-Móra R, González B. The Arabidopsis holobiont: a (re)source of insights to understand the amazing world of plant-microbe interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:9. [PMID: 36803555 PMCID: PMC9938593 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As holobiont, a plant is intrinsically connected to its microbiomes. However, some characteristics of these microbiomes, such as their taxonomic composition, biological and evolutionary role, and especially the drivers that shape them, are not entirely elucidated. Reports on the microbiota of Arabidopsis thaliana first appeared more than ten years ago. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the vast amount of information that has been generated using this holobiont. The main goal of this review was to perform an in-depth, exhaustive, and systematic analysis of the literature regarding the Arabidopsis-microbiome interaction. A core microbiota was identified as composed of a few bacterial and non-bacterial taxa. The soil (and, to a lesser degree, air) were detected as primary microorganism sources. From the plant perspective, the species, ecotype, circadian cycle, developmental stage, environmental responses, and the exudation of metabolites were crucial factors shaping the plant-microbe interaction. From the microbial perspective, the microbe-microbe interactions, the type of microorganisms belonging to the microbiota (i.e., beneficial or detrimental), and the microbial metabolic responses were also key drivers. The underlying mechanisms are just beginning to be unveiled, but relevant future research needs were identified. Thus, this review provides valuable information and novel analyses that will shed light to deepen our understanding of this plant holobiont and its interaction with the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Poupin
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 7941169, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - T Ledger
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 7941169, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - R Roselló-Móra
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA UIB-CSIC), Illes Balears, Majorca, Spain
| | - B González
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 7941169, Santiago, Chile.
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Ramasamy KP, Mahawar L. Coping with salt stress-interaction of halotolerant bacteria in crop plants: A mini review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1077561. [PMID: 36819049 PMCID: PMC9932039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1077561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major environmental abiotic stress factors that limit the growth and yield of crop plants worldwide. It is crucial to understand the importance of several adaptive mechanisms in plants toward salt stress so as to increase agricultural productivity. Plant resilience toward salinity stress is improved by cohabiting with diverse microorganisms, especially bacteria. In the last few decades, increasing attention of researchers has focused on bacterial communities for promoting plant growth and fitness. The biotechnological applications of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) gained widespread interest for their numerous metabolites. This review provides novel insights into the importance of halotolerant (HT) bacteria associated with crop plants in enhancing plant tolerance toward salinity stress. Furthermore, the present review highlights several challenges of using HT-PGPR in the agricultural field and possible solutions to overcome those challenges for sustainable agriculture development in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kesava Priyan Ramasamy
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,*Correspondence: Kesava Priyan Ramasamy ✉
| | - Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Garneau L, Beauregard PB, Roy S. Deciphering the role of non- Frankia nodular endophytes in alder through in vitro and genomic characterization. Can J Microbiol 2023; 69:72-87. [PMID: 36288604 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacterial populations are well-positioned to provide benefits to their host plants such as nutrient acquisition and plant hormone level manipulation. Actinorhizal plants such as alders are well known for their microbial symbioses that allow them to colonize harsh environments whether natural or anthropized. Although the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium Frankia sp. is the main endophyte found in alder root nodules, other bacterial genera, whose roles remain poorly defined, inhabit this niche. In this study, we isolated a diverse panel of non-Frankia nodular endophytes (NFNE). Some NFNE were isolated from alders grown from surface-sterilized seeds and maintained in sterile conditions, suggesting these may have been seed-borne. In vitro testing of 24 NFNE revealed some possessed putative plant growth promotion traits. Their genomes were also sequenced to identify genes related to plant growth promotion traits. This study highlights the complexity of the alder nodular microbial community. It paves the way for further understanding of the biology of nodules and could help improve land reclamation practices that involve alders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Garneau
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Pascale B Beauregard
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Langill T, Jorissen LP, Oleńska E, Wójcik M, Vangronsveld J, Thijs S. Community Profiling of Seed Endophytes from the Pb-Zn Hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens and Their Plant Growth Promotion Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:643. [PMID: 36771725 PMCID: PMC9920717 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes within plants are known to be crucial for plant fitness, and while their presence and functions in many compartments have been studied in depth, the research on seed endophytes is still limited. This work aimed to characterize the seed endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial community of two Noccaea caerulescens Pb-Zn hyperaccumulator populations, growing on two heavy-metal-polluted sites in Belgium. Cultured representatives were evaluated for their potential to enhance seed germination and root length of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. The results indicated that the community structure within the seed is conserved between the two locations, comprising mainly of Proteobacteria (seeds), and Actinobacteria in the bulk soil. Root length of A. thaliana was significantly increased when inoculated with Sphingomonas vulcanisoli. The results of this paper offer insights into the importance of the selection of the core seed endophytic microbiome and highlight the precarious symbiotic relationship they have with the plant and seed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tori Langill
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lambert-Paul Jorissen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ewa Oleńska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 1J Ciołkowski, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Wang S, Chen S, Wang B, Li Q, Zu J, Yu J, Ding Z, Zhou F. Screening of endophytic fungi from Cremastra appendiculata and their potential for plant growth promotion and biological control. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:121-133. [PMID: 35982376 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biocontrol fungi are widely used to promote plant growth and pest control. Four fungi were isolated from Cremastra appendiculata tubers and screened for plant growth-promoting and antagonistic effects. Based on the morphological characterization and ITS, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the fungi were identified to be related to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (DJL-6), Trichoderma tomentosum (DJL-9), Colletotrichum godetiae (DJL-10) and Talaromyces amestolkiae (DJL-15). The growth inhibition tests showed that the four isolates had different inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum fructicola, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria longipes, among which DJL-9 showed the highest inhibitory activity. Their culture filtrates (especially that of DJL-15) can also inhibit pathogens. Four isolates were positive for the production of indole-3-acid (IAA) and β-1,3-glucanase and possessed proteolytic activity but were negative for the production of iron siderophore complexes. The four fungi showed strong nitrogen fixation and potassium dissolution abilities. In addition to DJL-9 being able to solubilize phosphate, DJL-10 was able to produce chitinase and cellulase. Pot experiments indicated that the four fungi increased the germination rate of C. appendiculata and soybean seeds and increased soybean radicle growth and plant biomass. Among them, DJL-6 had a better growth-promoting effect. Therefore, we successfully screened the biocontrol potential of endophytes from C. appendiculata, with a focus on preventing fungal diseases and promoting plant growth, and selected strains that could provide nutrients and hormones for plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Senmiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Bixu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qianxi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jiaqi Zu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Puer Kunhong Biotechnology Company, Group C of Chamagu Town A, Simao District, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Azar N, Liarzi O, Zavitan M, Samara M, Nasser A, Ezra D. Endophytic Penicillium species secretes mycophenolic acid that inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Microb Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 36700385 PMCID: PMC10364310 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for reduced and restricted use of pesticides in agriculture due to serious environmental effects, health risks and the development of pathogen resistance calls for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. In the medical field, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have become a major threat to man, increasing mortality. Endophytes are endosymbiotic microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without causing any visible damage to their host. Many endophytes secrete secondary metabolites with biological activity against a broad range of pathogens, making them potential candidates for novel drugs and alternative pesticides of natural origin. We isolated endophytes from wild plants in Israel, focusing on endophytes that secrete secondary metabolites with biological activity. We isolated 302 different endophytes from 30 different wild plants; 70 of them exhibited biological activity against phytopathogens. One biologically active fungal endophyte from the genus Penicillium, isolated from a squill (Urginea maritima) leaf, was further examined. Chloroform-based extraction of its growth medium was similarly active against phytopathogens. High-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed a single compound-mycophenolic acid-as the main contributor to the biological activity of the organic extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neri Azar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Orna Liarzi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Maor Zavitan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mohamed Samara
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ahmed Nasser
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David Ezra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Wang J, Qin S, Fan R, Peng Q, Hu X, Yang L, Liu Z, Baccelli I, Migheli Q, Berg G, Chen X, Cernava T. Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol of Leaf Blight Caused by Nigrospora sphaerica on Passion Fruit by Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Strain GUCC4. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020132. [PMID: 36836247 PMCID: PMC9966402 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is widely cultivated in tropic and sub-tropic regions for the production of fruit, flowers, cosmetics, and for pharmacological applications. Its high economic, nutritional, and medical values elicit the market demand, and the growing areas are rapidly increasing. Leaf blight caused by Nigrospora sphaerica is a new and emerging disease of passion fruit in Guizhou, in southwest China, where the unique karst mountainous landscape and climate conditions are considered potential areas of expansion for passion fruit production. Bacillus species are the most common biocontrol and plant-growth-promotion bacteria (PGPB) resources in agricultural systems. However, little is known about the endophytic existence of Bacillus spp. in the passion fruit phyllosphere as well as their potential as biocontrol agents and PGPB. In this study, 44 endophytic strains were isolated from 15 healthy passion fruit leaves, obtained from Guangxi province, China. Through purification and molecular identification, 42 of the isolates were ascribed to Bacillus species. Their inhibitory activity against N. sphaerica was tested in vitro. Eleven endophytic Bacillus spp. strains inhibited the pathogen by >65%. All of them produced biocontrol- and plant-growth-promotion-related metabolites, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), protease, cellulase, phosphatase, and solubilized phosphate. Furthermore, the plant growth promotion traits of the above 11 endophytic Bacillus strains were tested on passion fruit seedlings. One isolate, coded B. subtilis GUCC4, significantly increased passion fruit stem diameter, plant height, leaf length, leaf surface, fresh weight, and dry weight. In addition, B. subtilis GUCC4 reduced the proline content, which indicated its potential to positively regulate passion fruit biochemical properties and resulted in plant growth promotion effects. Finally, the biocontrol efficiencies of B. subtilis GUCC4 against N. sphaerica were determined in vivo under greenhouse conditions. Similarly to the fungicide mancozeb and to a commercial B. subtilis-based biofungicide, B. subtilis GUCC4 significantly reduced disease severity. These results suggest that B. subtilis GUCC4 has great potential as a biological control agent and as PGPB on passion fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wang
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Shun Qin
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruidong Fan
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zengliang Liu
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Agricultural Science Academy, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria and NRD–Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (T.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Nuclear Genome Sequence and Gene Expression of an Intracellular Fungal Endophyte Stimulating the Growth of Cranberry Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010126. [PMID: 36675947 PMCID: PMC9861600 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ericaceae thrive in poor soil, which we postulate is facilitated by microbes living inside those plants. Here, we investigate the growth stimulation of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) by one of its fungal endosymbionts, EC4. We show that the symbiont resides inside the epidermal root cells of the host but extends into the rhizosphere via its hyphae. Morphological classification of this fungus is ambiguous, but phylogenetic inference based on 28S rRNA identifies EC4 as a Codinaeella species (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycetes). We sequenced the genome and transcriptome of EC4, providing the first 'Omics' information of a Chaetosphaeriaceae fungus. The 55.3-Mbp nuclear genome contains 17,582 potential protein-coding genes, of which nearly 500 have the capacity to promote plant growth. For comparing gene sets involved in biofertilization, we annotated the published genome assembly of the plant-growth-promoting Trichoderma hamatum. The number of proteins involved in phosphate transport and solubilization is similar in the two fungi. In contrast, EC4 has ~50% more genes associated with ammonium, nitrate/nitrite transport, and phytohormone synthesis. The expression of 36 presumed plant-growth-promoting EC4 genes is stimulated when the fungus is in contact with the plant. Thus, Omics and in-plantae tests make EC4 a promising candidate for cranberry biofertilization on nutrient-poor soils.
Collapse
|
173
|
Kakagianni M, Tsiknia M, Feka M, Vasileiadis S, Leontidou K, Kavroulakis N, Karamanoli K, Karpouzas DG, Ehaliotis C, Papadopoulou KK. Above- and below-ground microbiome in the annual developmental cycle of two olive tree varieties. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad001. [PMID: 37333440 PMCID: PMC10117799 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive tree is a hallmark crop in the Mediterranean region. Its cultivation is characterized by an enormous variability in existing genotypes and geographical areas. As regards the associated microbial communities of the olive tree, despite progress, we still lack comprehensive knowledge in the description of these key determinants of plant health and productivity. Here, we determined the prokaryotic, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) microbiome in below- (rhizospheric soil, roots) and above-ground (phyllosphere and carposphere) plant compartments of two olive varieties 'Koroneiki' and 'Chondrolia Chalkidikis' grown in Southern and Northern Greece respectively, in five developmental stages along a full fruit-bearing season. Distinct microbial communities were supported in above- and below-ground plant parts; while the former tended to be similar between the two varieties/locations, the latter were location specific. In both varieties/locations, a seasonally stable root microbiome was observed over time; in contrast the plant microbiome in the other compartments were prone to changes over time, which may be related to seasonal environmental change and/or to plant developmental stage. We noted that olive roots exhibited an AMF-specific filtering effect (not observed for bacteria and general fungi) onto the rhizosphere AMF communities of the two olive varieties/locations/, leading to the assemblage of homogenous intraradical AMF communities. Finally, shared microbiome members between the two olive varieties/locations include bacterial and fungal taxa with putative functional attributes that may contribute to olive tree tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Kakagianni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Temponera str, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Myrto Tsiknia
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Maria Feka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Kleopatra Leontidou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “ELGO-Dimitra”, Agrokipio-Souda, 73164 Chania, Greece
| | - Katerina Karamanoli
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Constantinos Ehaliotis
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Uniting the Role of Endophytic Fungi against Plant Pathogens and Their Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010072. [PMID: 36675893 PMCID: PMC9860820 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are used as the most common microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) against phytopathogens and are ubiquitous in all plant parts. Most of the fungal species have roles against a variety of plant pathogens. Fungal endophytes provide different services to be used as pathogen control agents, using an important aspect in the form of enhanced plant growth and induced systemic resistance, produce a variety of antifungal secondary metabolites (lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes) through colonization, and compete with other pathogenic microorganisms for growth factors (space and nutrients). The purpose of this review is to highlight the biological control potential of fungal species with antifungal properties against different fungal plant pathogens. We focused on the introduction, biology, isolation, identification of endophytic fungi, and their antifungal activity against fungal plant pathogens. The endosymbionts have developed specific genes that exhibited endophytic behavior and demonstrated defensive responses against pathogens such as antibiosis, parasitism, lytic enzyme and competition, siderophore production, and indirect responses by induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the host plant. Finally, different microscopic detection techniques to study microbial interactions (endophytic and pathogenic fungal interactions) in host plants are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
175
|
Zhang S, Sun C, Liu X, Liang Y. Enriching the endophytic bacterial microbiota of Ginkgo roots. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1163488. [PMID: 37138610 PMCID: PMC10150934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes of Ginkgo roots take part in the secondary metabolic processes of the fossil tree and contribute to plant growth, nutrient uptake, and systemic resistance. However, the diversity of bacterial endophytes in Ginkgo roots is highly underestimated due to the lack of successful isolates and enrichment collections. The resulting culture collection contains 455 unique bacterial isolates representing 8 classes, 20 orders, 42 families, and 67 genera from five phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus, using simply modified media (a mixed medium without any additional carbon sources [MM)] and two other mixed media with separately added starch [GM] and supplemented glucose [MSM]). A series of plant growth-promoting endophytes had multiple representatives within the culture collection. Moreover, we investigated the impact of refilling carbon sources on enrichment outcomes. Approximately 77% of the natural community of root-associated endophytes were predicted to have successfully cultivated the possibility based on a comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences between the enrichment collections and the Ginkgo root endophyte community. The rare or recalcitrant taxa in the root endosphere were mainly associated with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Blastocatellia, and Ktedonobacteria. By contrast, more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (0.6% in the root endosphere) became significantly enriched in MM than in GM and MSM. We further found that the bacterial taxa of the root endosphere had strong metabolisms with the representative of aerobic chemoheterotrophy, while the functions of the enrichment collections were represented by the sulfur metabolism. In addition, the co-occurrence network analysis suggested that the substrate supplement could significantly impact bacterial interactions within the enrichment collections. Our results support the fact that it is better to use the enrichment to assess the cultivable potential and the interspecies interaction as well as to increase the detection/isolation of certain bacterial taxa. Taken together, this study will deepen our knowledge of the indoor endophytic culture and provide important insights into the substrate-driven enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfei Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yili Liang
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Wang X, Du Z, Chen C, Guo S, Mao Q, Wu W, Wu R, Han W, Xie P, Zeng Y, Shan W, Wang Z, Yu X. Antifungal effects and biocontrol potential of lipopeptide-producing Streptomyces against banana Fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177393. [PMID: 37180271 PMCID: PMC10172682 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), especially tropical race 4 (TR4), presents the foremost menace to the global banana production. Extensive efforts have been made to search for efficient biological control agents for disease management. Our previous study showed that Streptomyces sp. XY006 exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against several phytopathogenic fungi, including F. oxysporum. Here, the corresponding antifungal metabolites were purified and determined to be two cyclic lipopeptide homologs, lipopeptin A and lipopeptin B. Combined treatment with lipopeptin complex antagonized Foc TR4 by inhibiting mycelial growth and conidial sporulation, suppressing the synthesis of ergosterol and fatty acids and lowering the production of fusaric acid. Electron microscopy observation showed that lipopeptide treatment induced a severe disruption of the plasma membrane, leading to cell leakage. Lipopeptin A displayed a more pronounced antifungal activity against Foc TR4 than lipopeptin B. In pot experiments, strain XY006 successfully colonized banana plantlets and suppressed the incidence of FWB, with a biocontrol efficacy of up to 87.7%. Additionally, XY006 fermentation culture application improved plant growth parameters and induced peroxidase activity in treated plantlets, suggesting a possible role in induced resistance. Our findings highlight the potential of strain XY006 as a biological agent for FWB, and further research is needed to enhance its efficacy and mode of action in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenghua Du
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chanxin Chen
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruimei Wu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Han
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Xie
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiping Zeng
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenna Shan
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Universities Engineering Research Center of Marine Biology and Drugs, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zonghua Wang, ; Xiaomin Yu,
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zonghua Wang, ; Xiaomin Yu,
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Razak NA, Gange AC. Multitrophic Interactions Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Foliar Endophytic Fungi and Aphids. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:146-156. [PMID: 34904179 PMCID: PMC9849307 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Almost all living plants can be simultaneously colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots and endophytes in the shoots, while also being attacked by insect herbivores. However, to date, no study has ever examined the multitrophic interactions between these two different fungal groups and insects on any species of forb. Here, we examined the effects of two commercial species mixtures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and two foliar endophytes (Colletotrichum acutatum and Cladosporium oxysporum) on the growth of an invasive weed, Impatiens glandulifera, and the aphids that attack it. AMF reduced plant biomass, which was most evident when C. oxysporum was inoculated. Mycorrhizal fungi had few effects on aphids, and these depended on the identity of the endophytes present. Meanwhile, endophytes tended to increase aphid numbers, but this depended on the identity of the AMF inoculum. Throughout, there were differences in the responses of the plant to the two mycorrhizal mixtures, demonstrating clear AMF specificity in this plant. These specific effects were also strongly affected by the endophytes, with a greater number of interactions found between the AMF and endophytes than between the endophytes themselves. In particular, AMF reduced infection levels by the endophytes, while some endophyte inoculations reduced mycorrhizal colonisation. We suggest that both AMF and endophytes could play an important part in future biological control programmes of weeds, but further multitrophic experiments are required to unravel the complexity of interactions between spatially separated parts of the plant microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ab Razak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey UK
| | - Alan C. Gange
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey UK
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Wolfgang A, Temme N, Tilcher R, Berg G. Understanding the sugar beet holobiont for sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151052. [PMID: 37138624 PMCID: PMC10149816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of crop-associated microbiomes for the health and field performance of plants has been demonstrated in the last decades. Sugar beet is the most important source of sucrose in temperate climates, and-as a root crop-yield heavily depends on genetics as well as on the soil and rhizosphere microbiomes. Bacteria, fungi, and archaea are found in all organs and life stages of the plant, and research on sugar beet microbiomes contributed to our understanding of the plant microbiome in general, especially of microbiome-based control strategies against phytopathogens. Attempts to make sugar beet cultivation more sustainable are increasing, raising the interest in biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests, biofertilization and -stimulation as well as microbiome-assisted breeding. This review first summarizes already achieved results on sugar beet-associated microbiomes and their unique traits, correlating to their physical, chemical, and biological peculiarities. Temporal and spatial microbiome dynamics during sugar beet ontogenesis are discussed, emphasizing the rhizosphere formation and highlighting knowledge gaps. Secondly, potential or already tested biocontrol agents and application strategies are discussed, providing an overview of how microbiome-based sugar beet farming could be performed in the future. Thus, this review is intended as a reference and baseline for further sugar beet-microbiome research, aiming to promote investigations in rhizosphere modulation-based biocontrol options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wolfgang
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Nora Temme
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Einbeck, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gabriele Berg
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Aswini K, Suman A, Sharma P, Singh PK, Gond S, Pathak D. Seed endophytic bacterial profiling from wheat varieties of contrasting heat sensitivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101818. [PMID: 37089648 PMCID: PMC10117849 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat yield can be limited by many biotic and abiotic factors. Heat stress at the grain filling stage is a factor that reduces wheat production tremendously. The potential role of endophytic microorganisms in mitigating plant stress through various biomolecules like enzymes and growth hormones and also by improving plant nutrition has led to a more in-depth exploration of the plant microbiome for such functions. Hence, we devised this study to investigate the abundance and diversity of wheat seed endophytic bacteria (WSEB) from heatS (heat susceptible, GW322) and heatT (heat tolerant, HD3298 and HD3271) varieties by culturable and unculturable approaches. The results evidenced that the culturable diversity was higher in the heatS variety than in the heatT variety and Bacillus was found to be dominant among the 10 different bacterial genera identified. Though the WSEB population was higher in the heatS variety, a greater number of isolates from the heatT variety showed tolerance to higher temperatures (up to 55°C) along with PGP activities such as indole acetic acid (IAA) production and nutrient acquisition. Additionally, the metagenomic analysis of seed microbiota unveiled higher bacterial diversity, with a predominance of the phyla Proteobacteria covering >50% of OTUs, followed by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. There were considerable variations in the abundance and diversity between heat sensitivity contrasting varieties, where notably more thermophilic bacterial OTUs were observed in the heatT samples, which could be attributed to conferring tolerance against heat stress. Furthermore, exploring the functional characteristics of culturable and unculturable microbiomes would provide more comprehensive information on improving plant growth and productivity for sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Aswini
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Suman
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Archna Suman,
| | - Pushpendra Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Gond
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Devashish Pathak
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Cui XX, Wang L, Fang HY, Zheng YG, Su CY. The cultivable endophytic fungal community of Scutellaria baicalensis: diversity and relevance to flavonoid production by the host. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2068834. [PMID: 35531979 PMCID: PMC9090296 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2068834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, is widely used because of its important pharmacological activities. However, the endophytic fungi that promote flavonoid accumulation in SB remain unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the endophytic fungal community of SB and screened the endophytic fungi that might promote flavonoid synthesis in SB. ITS1/ITS4Blast was used to identify the endophytic fungi in SB. In total, 687 strains were identified in 57 genera. The dominant genus in the leaves and stems was Alternaria and that in the roots was Fusarium. Alternaria was the dominant genus in SB collected from all sites and in wild and cultivated SB. Alpha diversity indexes indicated more abundant endophytic fungi in samples from Chengde, the genuine producing area of SB, than in those from other sites. Beta diversity index analysis indicated that SB plants with closer geographical relationships showed more similar endophytic fungal community profiles. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin, and oroxylin A contents were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Alternaria. Overall, the results indicate the importance of geographical factors in influencing the endophytic fungal community of SB and suggest that the presence of Alternaria spp. might contribute to flavonoid synthesis in SB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Cui
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Yong Fang
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu-Guang Zheng
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chun-Yan Su
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Rai S, Omar AF, Rehan M, Al-Turki A, Sagar A, Ilyas N, Sayyed RZ, Hasanuzzaman M. Crop microbiome: their role and advances in molecular and omic techniques for the sustenance of agriculture. PLANTA 2022; 257:27. [PMID: 36583789 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is an effort to provide in-depth knowledge of microbe's interaction and its role in crop microbiome using combination of advanced molecular and OMICS technology to translate this information for the sustenance of agriculture. Increasing population, climate change and exhaustive agricultural practices either influenced nutrient inputs of soil or generating biological and physico-chemical deterioration of the soils and affecting the agricultural productivity and agro-ecosystems. Alarming concerns toward food security and crop production claim for renewed attention in microbe-based farming practices. Microbes are omnipresent (soil, water, and air) and their close association with plants would help to accomplish sustainable agriculture goals. In the last few decades, the search for beneficial microbes in crop production, soil fertilization, disease management, and plant growth promotion is the thirst for eco-friendly agriculture. The crop microbiome opens new paths to utilize beneficial microbes and manage pathogenic microbes through integrated advanced biotechnology. The crop microbiome helps plants acquire nutrients, growth, resilience against phytopathogens, and tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and salinity. Despite the emergent functionality of the crop microbiome as a complicated constituent of the plant fitness, our understanding of how the functionality of microbiome influenced by numerous factors including genotype of host, climatic conditions, mobilization of minerals, soil composition, nutrient availability, interaction between nexus of microbes, and interactions with other external microbiomes is partially understood. However, the structure, composition, dynamics, and functional contribution of such cultured and uncultured crop microbiome are least explored. The advanced biotechnological approaches are efficient tools for acquiring the information required to investigate the microbiome and extract data to develop high yield producing and resistant variety crops. This knowledge fills the fundamental gap between the theoretical concepts and the operational use of these advanced tools in crop microbiome studies. Here, we review (1) structure and composition of crop microbiome, (2) microbiome-mediated role associated with crops fitness, (3) Molecular and -omics techniques for exploration of crop microbiome, and (4) current approaches and future prospectives of crop microbiome and its exploitation for sustainable agriculture. Recent -omic approaches are influential tool for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management of crops microbiome. Identification of crop microbiome, using system biology and rhizho-engineering, can help to develop future bioformulations for disease management, reclamation of stressed agro-ecosystems, and improved productivity of crops. Nano-system approaches combined with triggering molecules of crop microbiome can help in designing of nano-biofertilizers and nano-biopesticides. This combination has numerous merits over the traditional bioinoculants. They stimulate various defense mechanisms in plants facing stress conditions; provide bioavailability of nutrients in the soil, helps mitigate stress conditions; and enhance chances of crops establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SHEPA, Varanasi, India.
| | - Ayman F Omar
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory and EPCRS Excellence Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Al-Turki
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alka Sagar
- Department of Microbiology, MIET, Meerut, India
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Asian PGPR Society, Auburn Venture, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Yu E, Gao Y, Li Y, Zang P, Zhao Y, He Z. An exploration of mechanism of high quality and yield of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca by the isolation, identification and evaluation of Armillaria. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:621. [PMID: 36581798 PMCID: PMC9801631 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca, a perennial herb of G.elata Bl. in Orchidaceae, is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. G. elata Bl. is a chlorophyll-free myco-heterotrophic plant, which must rely on the symbiotic growth of Armillaria, but not all Armillaria strains can play the symbiotic role. Additionally, Armillaria is easy to degenerate after multiple generations, and the compatibility between the strains from other areas and G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain is unstable. Therefore, it is incredibly significant to isolate, identify and screen the symbiotic Armillaria suitable for the growth of G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain, and to explore the mechanism by which Armillaria improves the production performance of G. elata Bl. f. glauca. RESULTS Firstly, G. elata Bl. f. glauca tubers, and rhizomorphs and fruiting bodies of Armillaria were used for the isolation and identification of Armillaria. Five Armillaria isolates were obtained in our laboratory and named: JMG, JMA, JMB, JMC and JMD. Secondly, Armillaria was selected based on the yield and the effective component content of G. elata Bl. f. glauca. It was concluded that the yield and quality of G. elata Bl. f. glauca co-planted with JMG is the highest. Finally, the mechanism of its high quality and yield was explored by investigating the effects of different Armillaria strains on the soil, its nutrition element contents and the soil microbial diversity around G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain. CONCLUSIONS Compared with commercial strains, JMG significantly increased the content of Na, Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb and the absorption of C, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Cu, Zn and Rb in G. elata Bl. f. glauca; it improved the composition, diversity and metabolic functions of soil microbial communities around G. elata Bl. f. glauca at phylum, class and genus levels; it markedly increased the relative abundance of bacteria such as Chthoniobacter and Armillaria in the dominant populations, and enhanced such functions as Cell motility, amino acid metabolism and Lipid metabolism; it dramatically decreased the relative abundance of Bryobacter and other fungi in the dominant populations, and reduced such functions as microbial energy metabolism, translation and carbohydrate metabolism. This is the main reason why excellent Armillaria strains promote the high quality and yield of G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En Yu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Yaqi Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Anwar N, Jiang Y, Ma W, Yao Y, Li J, Ababaikeli G, Li G, Ma T. Culturable bacteria diversity in stem liquid and resina from Populus euphratica and screening of plant growth-promoting bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:322. [PMID: 36581840 PMCID: PMC9798617 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus euphratica Olivier is a kind of tree capable of growing in extremely arid desert and semi-desert environments. In this study, a culture-dependent method was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of stem liquid of P. euphratica and resina of P. euphratica, and to further evaluate plant growth promoting (PGP) activity. RESULTS A total of 434 bacteria were isolated from stem fluid and resina of P. euphratica in Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve and Mulei Primitive forest. The results of taxonomic composition analysis shows that Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria_c are the three dominant groups in all the communities, and the representative genera are Bacillus, Nesterenkonia and Halomonas. The diversity analysis shows that the culturable bacterial community diversity of P. euphratica in Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve is higher than that in Mulei Primitive forest, and the bacterial community diversity of P. euphratica stem fluid is higher than that of resina. According to PGP activity evaluation, 158 functional bacteria with plant growth promoting potential were screened. Among them, 61 strains havephosphorus solubilizing abilities, 80 strains have potassium solubilizing abilities, 32 strains have nitrogen fixation abilities, and 151 strains have iron ammonia salt utilization abilities. The germination rate, plant height, and dry weight of the maize seedlings treated with strains BB33-1, TC10 and RC6 are significantly higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSION In this study, a large number of culturable bacteria were isolated from P. euphratica, which provides new functional bacteria sources for promoting plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nusratgul Anwar
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Yuhao Yao
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Jue Li
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Gulibahaer Ababaikeli
- grid.464477.20000 0004 1761 2847College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054 China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Ting Ma
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Tao S, Yin H, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Qu L. Elevated O 3 concentrations alter the compartment-specific microbial communities inhabiting rust-infected poplars. Environ Microbiol 2022; 25:990-1006. [PMID: 36582119 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevated ozone (O3 ) can affect the susceptivity of plants to rust pathogens. However, the collective role of microbiomes involved in such interaction remains largely elusive. We exposed two cultivated poplar clones exhibiting differential O3 sensitivities, to non-filtered ambient air (NF), NF + 40 ppb or NF + 60 ppb O3 -enriched air in field open-top chambers and then inoculated Melampsora larici-populina urediniospores to study their response to rust infection and to investigate how microbiomes inhabiting four compartments (phyllosphere, rhizosphere, root endosphere, bulk soil) are involved in this response. We found that hosts with higher O3 sensitivity had significantly lower rust severity than hosts with lower sensitivity. Furthermore, the effect of increased O3 on the diversity and composition of microbial communities was highly dependent on poplar compartments, with the microbial network complexity patterns being completely opposite between the two clones. Notably, microbial source analysis estimated that phyllosphere fungal communities predominately derived from root endosphere and vice versa, suggesting a potential transmission mechanism between plant above- and below-ground systems. These promising results suggest that further investigations are needed to better understand the interactions of abiotic and biotic stresses on plant performance and the role of the microbiome in driving these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyue Yin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Fang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, People's Republic of China
| | - Laiye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Miranda-Carrazco A, Navarro-Noya YE, Govaerts B, Verhulst N, Dendooven L. Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Alters the Root Endophyte Bacterial Microbiome in Maize Plants, but Not in the Stem or Rhizosphere Soil. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0178522. [PMID: 36255324 PMCID: PMC9769722 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01785-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microorganisms that affect plant development, their composition, and their functionality are determined by the host, soil conditions, and agricultural practices. How agricultural practices affect the rhizosphere microbiome has been well studied, but less is known about how they might affect plant endophytes. In this study, the metagenomic DNA from the rhizosphere and endophyte communities of root and stem of maize plants was extracted and sequenced with the "diversity arrays technology sequencing," while the bacterial community and functionality (organized by subsystems from general to specific functions) were investigated in crops cultivated with or without tillage and with or without N fertilizer application. Tillage had a small significant effect on the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, but N fertilizer had a highly significant effect on the roots, but not on the rhizosphere or stem. The relative abundance of many bacterial species was significantly different in the roots and stem of fertilized maize plants, but not in the unfertilized ones. The abundance of N cycle genes was affected by N fertilization application, most accentuated in the roots. How these changes in bacterial composition and N genes composition might affect plant development or crop yields has still to be unraveled. IMPORTANCE We investigated the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere, root, and stem of maize plants cultivated under different agricultural techniques, i.e., with or without N fertilization, and with or without tillage. We found that the bacterial community was defined mostly by the plant compartment and less by agricultural techniques. In the roots, N fertilizer application affected the bacterial community structure, the microbiome functionality, and the abundance of genes involved in the N cycle, but the effect in the rhizosphere and stem was much smaller. Contrary, tillage did not affect the maize microbiome. This study enriches our knowledge about the plant-microbiome system and how N fertilization application affected it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yendi E. Navarro-Noya
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Bram Govaerts
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nele Verhulst
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Harten T, Nimzyk R, Gawlick VEA, Reinhold-Hurek B. Elucidation of Essential Genes and Mutant Fitness during Adaptation toward Nitrogen Fixation Conditions in the Endophyte Azoarcus olearius BH72 Revealed by Tn-Seq. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0216222. [PMID: 36416558 PMCID: PMC9769520 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02162-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoarcus olearius BH72 is a diazotrophic model endophyte that contributes fixed nitrogen to its host plant, Kallar grass, and expresses nitrogenase genes endophytically. Despite extensive studies on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of diazotrophic endophytes, little is known about global genetic players involved in survival under respective physiological conditions. Here, we report a global genomic screen for putatively essential genes of A. olearius employing Tn5 transposon mutagenesis with a modified transposon combined with high-throughput sequencing (Tn-Seq). A large Tn5 master library of ~6 × 105 insertion mutants of strain BH72 was obtained. Next-generation sequencing identified 183,437 unique insertion sites into the 4,376,040-bp genome, displaying one insertion every 24 bp on average. Applying stringent criteria, we describe 616 genes as putatively essential for growth on rich medium. COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) assignment of the 564 identified protein-coding genes revealed enrichment of genes related to core cellular functions and cell viability. To mimic gradual adaptations toward BNF conditions, the Tn5 mutant library was grown aerobically in synthetic medium or microaerobically on either combined or atmospheric nitrogen. Enrichment and depletion analysis of Tn5 mutants not only demonstrated the role of BNF- and metabolism-related proteins but also revealed that, strikingly, many genes relevant for plant-microbe interactions decrease bacterial competitiveness in pure culture, such type IV pilus- and bacterial envelope-associated genes. IMPORTANCE A constantly growing world population and the daunting challenge of climate change demand new strategies in agricultural crop production. Intensive usage of chemical fertilizers, overloading the world's fields with organic input, threaten terrestrial and marine ecosystems as well as human health. Long overlooked, the beneficial interaction of endophytic bacteria and grasses has attracted ever-growing interest in research in the last decade. Capable of biological nitrogen fixation, diazotrophic endophytes not only provide a valuable source of combined nitrogen but also are known for diverse plant growth-promoting effects, thereby contributing to plant productivity. Elucidation of an essential gene set for a prominent model endophyte such as A. olearius BH72 provides us with powerful insights into its basic lifestyle. Knowledge about genes detrimental or advantageous under defined physiological conditions may point out a way of manipulating key steps in the bacterium's lifestyle and plant interaction toward a more sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Harten
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, CBIB Center for Biomolecular Interactions, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rolf Nimzyk
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, CBIB Center for Biomolecular Interactions, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, CBIB Center for Biomolecular Interactions, Nucleic Acid Analysis Facility (NAA), Bremen, Germany
| | - Vivian E. A. Gawlick
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, CBIB Center for Biomolecular Interactions, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, Bremen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reinhold-Hurek
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, CBIB Center for Biomolecular Interactions, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Improved Cultivation and Isolation of Diverse Endophytic Bacteria Inhabiting Dendrobium Roots by Using Simply Modified Agar Media. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0223822. [PMID: 36301116 PMCID: PMC9769524 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02238-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium plants are members of the family Orchidaceae, many of which are endangered orchids with ornamental and medicinal values. Dendrobium endophytic microbes have attracted attention for the development of strategies for plant protection and utilization of medicinal principles. However, the role of endophytic bacteria is poorly elucidated due to the lack of their successful cultivation. This study obtained a total of 749 endophytic isolates from Dendrobium roots using solid media prepared by simply modified methods (separate sterilization of phosphate and agar [PS] and use of gellan gum as a gelling reagent [GG]) and by a conventional method of autoclaving the phosphate and agar together (PT method). Notably, based on a comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences between the isolates and the Dendrobium root endophyte community, we successfully retrieved more than 50% (17 out of 30) of the predominant endophytic bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using PS and GG media, which is a much higher recovery rate than that of PT medium (16.7%). We further found that a number of recalcitrant bacteria, including phylogenetically novel isolates and members of even the rarely cultivated phyla Acidobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota, were obtained only when using PS and/or GG medium. Intriguingly, the majority of these recalcitrant bacteria formed colonies faster on PS or GG medium than on PT medium, which may have contributed to their successful isolation. Taken together, this study succeeded in isolating a wide variety of Dendrobium endophytic bacteria, including predominant ones using PS and GG media, and enables performance of future studies to clarify their unknown roles associated with the growth of Dendrobium plants. IMPORTANCE Dendrobium endophytic bacteria are of great interest since their functions may contribute to the protection of endangered orchids with ornamental and medicinal values. To understand and reveal the "true roles" of the endophytes, obtaining those axenic cultures is necessary even in the metagenomic era. However, no effective methods for isolating a variety of endophytic bacteria have been established. This study first demonstrated that the use of simply modified medium is quite effective and indeed allows the isolation of more than half of the predominant endophytic bacteria inhabiting Dendrobium roots. Besides, even phylogenetically novel and/or recalcitrant endophytic bacteria were successfully obtained by the same strategy. The obtained endophytic bacteria could serve as "living material" for elucidating their unprecedented functions related to the conservation of endangered orchid plants. Furthermore, the culture method used in this study may enable the isolation of various endophytic bacteria dominating not only in orchid plants but also in other useful plants.
Collapse
|
188
|
Characterization of Seed Mycobiota Using Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2605:65-78. [PMID: 36520389 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2871-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Seed fungi are potentially important for their roles in seedling microbiome assembly and seedling health, but surveys of full seed fungal communities remain limited. While culture-dependent methods have been used to characterize some members of the seed mycobiota, recent culture-independent studies have improved the ease in identifying and characterizing full seed fungal communities. In this chapter, we describe how to survey seed fungi using both traditional culture-based methods and culture-free metabarcoding. We first describe protocols for the isolation and long-term preservation of fungal strains from individual seeds and for the extraction and amplification of DNA from such fungal isolates for identification with Sanger sequencing. We also detail how to extract, amplify, and sequence fungal DNA directly from individual seeds. Finally, we provide suggestions for troubleshooting media choices, PCR inhibition by isolates and plant tissue, and PCR limitation by low fungal DNA.
Collapse
|
189
|
Danneels B, Carlier A. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Bacterial Endophytes From Fresh and Preserved Plant Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2605:133-155. [PMID: 36520392 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2871-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many plants harbor symbiotic bacteria in their leaves, sometimes within structures visible with the naked eye. These bacteria play critical roles for host development and defense, but are often not amenable to culture. Gaining insight into the functions of these obligate endophytic bacteria hinges on culture-independent omics approaches, which have seen tremendous development in recent years. We describe in this chapter a set of protocols for the extraction and bioinformatic analysis of bacterial genomic DNA from leaf samples of various origins, including fresh, silica-preserved, or herbarium specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Danneels
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CBU, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurélien Carlier
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France. .,Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Chen Y, Yu D, Huo J, Huang N, Zhang M, Du X. Studies on biotransformation mechanism of Fusarium sp. C39 to enhance saponin content of Paridis Rhizoma. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:992318. [PMID: 36590423 PMCID: PMC9800501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paridis Rhizoma is a natural medicine with strong anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Our previous research have found that Fusarium sp. C39, an endophytic fungus isolated from Dioscorea nipponica which contains the similar chemical components, significantly increased the steroidal saponins content of Paridis Rhizoma by fermentation. In this study, the inhibitory effects of fermentated Paridis Rhizoma extract (PRE) on liver cancer cells (Hepal-6), cervical cancer cells (Hela), and lung cancer cells (A549) were determined to be stronger than that of the unfermented extract. For discovering the fermentation mechanism of PRE with Fusarium sp. C39, 36 components with obviously quantitative variations were screened out by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and 53 key genes involved in the metabolic pathways of steroidal saponins were identified by transcriptome. On the basis of comprehensively analyzing information from the metabonomics and transcriptome, it can be speculated that the increase of spirostanol saponins and nuatigenin-type saponins enhanced the inhibitory effect of fermented PRE on cancer cell proliferation. Under the action of glycosidase, glycosyltransferase, oxidoreductases, and genes involved in sterol synthesis, strain C39 achieved the synthesis of diosgenin and the alteration of configurations, sugar chain and substituent of steroidal saponins. The research suggested a microbial transformation approach to increase the resource utilization and activity of Paris polyphylla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Nannan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Xiaowei Du,
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Li W, Cao G, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Yang W, Zheng B, Tan J, Sun Y. Isolation, Identification and Pollution Prevention of Bacteria and Fungi during the Tissue Culture of Dwarf Hygro ( Hygrophila polysperma) Explants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122476. [PMID: 36557729 PMCID: PMC9785981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination causes serious damage in plant tissue culture, and attention is always being paid regarding how to control and prevent the unwanted pollution. Dwarf hygro (Hygrophila polysperma) is a popular ornamental aquatic plant and its tissue culture has been reported, but the microbial pollution and the cure of microbial pollution was unknown. In this study, a number of bacteria and fungi were isolated from contaminants in MS culture media. Based on the 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing, it was identified that fifteen bacteria belong to Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Kosakonia, Ensifer and Klebsiella, and three fungi belong to Plectosphaerella, Cladosporium and Peniophora, respectively. In addition, some drugs were further tested to be free of the bacteria and fungi pollution. The results revealed that 10 μg/mL of kanamycin, 5 μg/mL of chloramphenicol, and 0.015625% potassium sorbate could be applied jointly in MS media to prevent the microbial pollution, and the survival rate of H. polysperma explants was highly improved. This study reveals the bacteria and fungi species from the culture pollution of H. polysperma and provides a practical reference for optimizing the tissue culture media for other aquatic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanling Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0532-8655-0511
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Annual Shoots of Prunus mandshurica (Rosaceae) in the South of Amur Region, Russia. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prunus mandshurica is a rare species of the Russian Far East; it is cultivated for fruits and as an ornamental tree. The objective was to determine the fungi associated with young shoots of the Manchurian apricot, which is an important biotic factor for plant viability and productivity. Fungi were isolated by incubation of shoot fragments (unsterilized or surface-sterilized) on a growth medium and identified according to their cultural and morphological characteristics. Diaporthe eres and Nothophoma quercina isolates were identified by multilocus phylogenetic analysis (apn2, cal, tef1-α, tub2 for D. eres, and ITS, rpb2, tub2 for N. quercina). In total, 12 species (Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, D. eres, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, N. quercina, Sarocladium strictum, and Tripospermum myrti) and one genus (Gliocladium sp.) were found. Alternaria alternata, N. quercina, and D. eres were the most frequent species of the shoots. Alternaria tenuissima and F. oxysporum were also frequent in some collections, while all other species were rare or occasional in occurrence. Molecular analysis of D. eres and N. quercina revealed redundancy of some species within the D. eres species complex and the genus Nothophoma. This is the first report on the fungal inhabitants of asymptomatic shoots of P. mandshurica. Nothophoma quercina was identified in Russia for the first time.
Collapse
|
193
|
Zahid MS, Hussain M, Song Y, Li J, Guo D, Li X, Song S, Wang L, Xu W, Wang S. Root-Zone Restriction Regulates Soil Factors and Bacterial Community Assembly of Grapevine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415628. [PMID: 36555269 PMCID: PMC9778885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-zone restriction induces physiological stress on roots, thus limiting the vegetative and enhancing reproductive development, which promotes fruit quality and growth. Numerous bacterial-related growth-promoting, stress-mitigating, and disease-prevention activities have been described, but none in root-restricted cultivation. The study aimed to understand the activities of grapevine bacterial communities and plant-bacterial relationships to improve fruit quality. We used High-throughput sequencing, edaphic soil factors, and network analysis to explore the impact of restricted cultivation on the diversity, composition and network structure of bacterial communities of rhizosphere soil, roots, leaves, flowers and berries. The bacterial richness, diversity, and networking were indeed regulated by root-zone restriction at all phenological stages, with a peak at the veraison stage, yielding superior fruit quality compared to control plants. Moreover, it also handled the nutrient availability in treated plants, such as available nitrogen (AN) was 3.5, 5.7 and 0.9 folds scarcer at full bloom, veraison and maturity stages, respectively, compared to control plants. Biochemical indicators of the berry have proved that high-quality berry is yielded in association with the bacteria. Cyanobacteria were most abundant in the phyllosphere, Proteobacteria in the rhizosphere, and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the endosphere. These bacterial phyla were most correlated and influenced by different soil factors in control and treated plants. Our findings are a comprehensive approach to the implications of root-zone restriction on the bacterial microbiota, which will assist in directing a more focused procedure to uncover the precise mechanism, which is still undiscovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Zahid
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dinghan Guo
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiren Song
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Insights into metabolic and pharmacological profiling of Aspergillus ficuum through bioinformatics and experimental techniques. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:295. [PMID: 36482311 PMCID: PMC9733250 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, numerous novel bioactive fungal metabolites have been identified that possess broad therapeutic activities including anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antioxidant, and antitumor. The fungal mycochemicals as well as extracts have increased the interest of the scientific community in drug discovery research through a combination approach such as, molecular metabolic, pharmacological and computational techniques. Therefore, the natural fungus Aspergillus ficuum (A. ficuum) (FCBP-DNA-1266) was selected for metabolic and pharmacological profiling in this study. RESULTS The metabolic profile of A. ficuum was explored for the first time and revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as choline sulfate, noruron, hydroxyvittatine, aurasperone D, cetrimonium, kurilensoside, heneicosane, nonadecane and eicosane. Similarly, a pharmacological screen of A. ficuum was performed for the first time in in vivo and in vitro models. Interestingly, both the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of A. ficuum were found to be more active against Bacillus subtilis among five tested bacteria with their zone of inhibition (ZOI) values of 21.00 mm ±1.00 and 23.00 mm ±1.00, at a concentration of 150 μgmL-1 respectively. Similarly, a significant decrease (P<0.001) and (P<0.01) in paw edema was observed in A. ficuum-treated animals at doses of 50 and 150 mgkg-1, respectively, reflecting its potent anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, the docking results supported the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of A. ficuum. In addition, the crude extract demonstrated no acute toxicity and the highest percent radical scavenging was recorded for both n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. CONCLUSION The metabolic profile of A. ficuum indicated the presence of biological relevant compounds. A. ficuum extract exhibited potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects supported by docking results. Furthermore, A. ficuum extract demonstrated the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity along with no acute toxicity.
Collapse
|
195
|
Verma S, Azevedo LCB, Pandey J, Khusharia S, Kumari M, Kumar D, Kaushalendra, Bhardwaj N, Teotia P, Kumar A. Microbial Intervention: An Approach to Combat the Postharvest Pathogens of Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3452. [PMID: 36559563 PMCID: PMC9787458 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants host diverse microbial communities, which undergo a complex interaction with each other. Plant-associated microbial communities provide various benefits to the host directly or indirectly, viz. nutrient acquisition, protection from pathogen invaders, mitigation from different biotic and abiotic stress. Presently, plant-associated microbial strains are frequently utilized as biofertilizers, biostimulants and biocontrol agents in greenhouse and field conditions and have shown satisfactory results. Nowadays, the plant/fruit microbiome has been employed to control postharvest pathogens and postharvest decay, and to maintain the quality or shelf life of fruits. In this context, the intervention of the natural fruit microbiome or the creation of synthetic microbial communities to modulate the functional attributes of the natural microbiome is an emerging aspect. In this regard, we discuss the community behavior of microbes in natural conditions and how the microbiome intervention plays a crucial role in the postharvest management of fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sargam Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Noida 203201, India
| | - Lucas Carvalho Basilio Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Glória—Bloco CCG, Santa Mônica 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Jyoti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu 333515, India
| | - Saksham Khusharia
- Kuwar SatyaVira College of Engineering and Management, Bijnor 246701, India
| | | | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Zoology, C.M.B.College, Deorh, Ghoghardiha 847402, India
| | - Kaushalendra
- Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Nikunj Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharaj Singh College, Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Pratibha Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Noida 203201, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Kaur J, Mudgal G, Chand K, Singh GB, Perveen K, Bukhari NA, Debnath S, Mohan TC, Charukesi R, Singh G. An exopolysaccharide-producing novel Agrobacterium pusense strain JAS1 isolated from snake plant enhances plant growth and soil water retention. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21330. [PMID: 36494408 PMCID: PMC9734154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A peculiar bacterial growth was very often noticed in leaf-initiated tissue cultures of Sansevieria trifasciata, a succulent belonging to the Asparagaceae family. The isolate left trails of some highly viscous material on the walls of the suspension vessels or developed a thick overlay on semisolid media without adversities in plant growth. FTIR identified this substance to be an extracellular polysaccharide. Various morphological, biochemical tests, and molecular analyses using 16S rRNA, atpD, and recA genes characterized this isolate JAS1 as a novel strain of Agrobacterium pusense. Its mucoidal growth over Murashige and Skoog media yielded enormous exopolysaccharide (7252 mg l-1), while in nutrient agar it only developed fast-growing swarms. As a qualifying plant growth-promoting bacteria, it produces significant indole-3-acetic acid (86.95 mg l-1), gibberellic acid (172.98 mg l-1), ammonia (42.66 µmol ml-1). Besides, it produces siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, fixes nitrogen, forms biofilms, and productively solubilizes soil inorganic phosphates, and zinc. Under various treatments with JAS1, wheat and chickpea resulted in significantly enhanced shoot and root growth parameters. PGP effects of JAS1 positively enhanced plants' physiological growth parameters reflecting significant increments in overall chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, phenols, flavonoids, and sugar contents. In addition, the isolated strain maintained both plant and soil health under an intermittent soil drying regime, probably by both its PGP and EPS production attributes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Gaurav Mudgal
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Kartar Chand
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Gajendra B. Singh
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandip Debnath
- grid.440987.60000 0001 2259 7889Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal 731236 India
| | - Thotegowdanapalya C. Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa Road, Mysore, 570015 India
| | - Rajulu Charukesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa Road, Mysore, 570015 India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Stress Signaling to the Nucleus, CNRS-Institute of Molecular Biology of Plants, 12 Rue du General-Zimmer, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Lin Q, Xu Z, Li M, Wang Y, Li L. Spatial differences in Casuarina equisetifolia L. endophyte community structure. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-022-01685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Casuarina equisetifolia, a fast-growing, abundant tree species on the southeastern coast of China, plays an important role in protecting the coastal environment, but the ecological processes that govern microbiome assembly and within-plant microorganism transmission are poorly known.
Methods
In this paper, we used ITS and 16S amplification techniques to study the diversity of fungal and bacterial endophytes in critical plant parts of this species: seeds, branchlets, and roots. Additionally, we examined the litter of this species to understand the process of branchlets from birth to litter.
Result
We uncovered a non-random distribution of endophyte diversity in which branchlets had the greatest and seeds had the lowest endophytic fungal diversity. In contrast, litter endophytic bacteria had the highest diversity, and branchlets had the lowest diversity. As for fungi, a large part of the seed microbiome was transmitted to the phyllosphere, while a large part of the bacterial microbiome in the seed was transmitted to the root.
Conclusion
Our study provides comprehensive evidence on diversity, potential sources, and transmission pathways for non-crop microbiome assembly and has implications for the management and manipulation of the non-crop microbiome in the future.
Collapse
|
198
|
Response of root endosphere bacterial communities of typical rice cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer reduction at the jointing stage. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:722. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
199
|
Pan X, Xiang S, Zhu Y, Yang M. Co-cultivation with Endophytic Fungi Differentially Shaped the Anthocyanin Profiles in Post-veraison Grape Berries. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
200
|
Alfradique Monteiro D, Fazolato CSB, Martins LF, Tavora Coelho da Costa Rachid C. The bacteriome of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia (old man saltbush) in salt-affected soils - an ecological model. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6825450. [PMID: 36370453 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes, plants capable of growing under saline conditions, are an important source of bacteria with biotechnological potential for plant growth under extreme conditions. In this study, we evaluated the halophyte Atriplex nummularia bacteriome assemblage from three different salinized sites in northeastern Brazil with different edaphoclimatic characteristics, understanding the participation of the plant in the assembly of its microbiome. We sampled 30 specimens, from which the leaves, roots, and rhizospheric soil were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, bringing forth patterns of alpha and beta diversity, taxonomical composition, co-occurrence network, and the core microbiome of each compartment. Overall, this species harbors a very restricted set of endophytic microbes, and communities showed an increasing gradient of complexity (soil > root > leaf), reflecting a change in the main selective pressure being active over the microbial community. Although the leaf bacteriome was influenced basically by host factors, the soil community was modulated by the environment, and the root bacteriome was structured by both factors. These results help us understand how plant-microbe interactions occur in saline environments. As these plants shelter microbes that potentially alleviate abiotic stresses, we discuss how culture-independent methods could contribute to the prospection of plant growth promoting bacteria in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Alfradique Monteiro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolline Silva Barbosa Fazolato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Tavora Coelho da Costa Rachid
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|