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Drira M, Hentati F, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Larina V, Sharifian S, Homai A, Fendri I, Lemos MFL, Félix C, Félix R, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. Bioactive Carbohydrate Polymers-Between Myth and Reality. Molecules 2021; 26:7068. [PMID: 34885655 PMCID: PMC8659292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are complex macromolecules long regarded as energetic storage resources or as components of plant and fungal cell walls. They have also been described as plant mucilages or microbial exopolysaccharides. The development of glycosciences has led to a partial and difficult deciphering of their other biological functions in living organisms. The objectives of glycobiochemistry and glycobiology are currently to correlate some structural features of polysaccharides with some biological responses in the producing organisms or in another one. In this context, the literature focusing on bioactive polysaccharides has increased exponentially during the last two decades, being sometimes very optimistic for some new applications of bioactive polysaccharides, notably in the medical field. Therefore, this review aims to examine bioactive polysaccharide, taking a critical look of the different biological activities reported by authors and the reality of the market. It focuses also on the chemical, biochemical, enzymatic, and physical modifications of these biopolymers to optimize their potential as bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Drira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Stanislas Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Viktoria Larina
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmad Homai
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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152
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Liu G, Wei P, Tang Y, Pang Y, Sun J, Li J, Rao C, Wu C, He X, Li L, Ling D, Chen X. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities in Plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl.) Wine. Front Nutr 2021; 8:766415. [PMID: 34790690 PMCID: PMC8591244 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in demand of fruit wine year by year, it is necessary to develop novel fruit wine with high functional activities. Prunus salicina Lindl. (named as Niuxin plum) is a remarkable material for brewing fruit wine owing to its suitable sugar-acid ratio, characteristic aroma and bioactive compounds. This study intends to modify the fermentation technology, identify and quantify nutritional compositions and volatile profiles, as well as bioactive substances in Niuxin plum wine, as well as evaluate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in vitro of major bioactive components from Niuxin plum wine. According to single-factor and orthogonal tests, the optimal fermentation conditions of 13.1% vol Niuxin plum wine should be Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lalvin EC1118 at 0.1% and a fermentation temperature of 20°C for 7 days. A total of 17 amino acids, 9 mineral elements, 4 vitamins, and 55 aromatic components were detected in plum wine. Polysaccharides from Niuxin plum wine (named as NPWPs) served as the major bioactive components. The NPWP with a molecular weight over 1,000 kDa (NPWP-10) demonstrated extraordinary DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity among all NPWPs having different molecular weight. Moreover, the structural characterization of NPWP-10 was also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra studies. NPWP-10 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid with molar ratios of 2.570:1.775:1.045:1.037:1. NPWP-10 contained α-configuration as the main component and β-configuration as the auxiliary component. This study highlights NPWP-10 is an importantly biological polysaccharide from Niuxin plum wine, as well as provides a scientific basis for developing the plum wine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Liu
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Yayuan Tang
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Yiyang Pang
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Jiemin Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanyan Rao
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Cuiqiong Wu
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Li Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Dongning Ling
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
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153
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Song S, Liu X, Zhao B, Abubaker MA, Huang Y, Zhang J. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Fermentation on the Chemical Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Bulbs of Lanzhou Lily. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29839-29851. [PMID: 34778657 PMCID: PMC8582043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Lanzhou lily has attracted more attention because of its bioactive components specifically polysaccharides. We studied in vitro the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on the physicochemical properties, chemical structure, and antioxidant activity of the Lanzhou lily polysaccharide. The results showed that compared with the unfermented Lanzhou lily polysaccharide (LP-W), the molecular weight (M w) of the fermented Lanzhou lily polysaccharide (LPF-W) decreased from 4334 to 1684 kDa, the particle size decreased from 300.8 ± 6.38 to 141.9 ± 4.96 nm, and the solubility increased from 72.33 ± 3.58 to 104.27 ± 2.91 mg/mL. In addition, after fermentation, the monosaccharide composition of LPF-W changed, and the alternation of mannose residues and glucose residues disappeared. The results of the analysis of the antioxidant activity in vitro showed that compared with LP-W, the fermented LPF-W had higher DPPH radical ability, superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, and reducing efficiency, but the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability decreased. These findings provide a reference for the potential application of the lily polysaccharide as a plant-derived antioxidant in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Song
- Gansu
Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Institute,
Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Gansu
Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Baotang Zhao
- College
of Food and Science and Engineering, Gansu
Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mohamed Aamer Abubaker
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Education, University
of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Yulong Huang
- Gansu
Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Institute,
Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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154
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Pan Q, Sun Y, Li X, Zeng B, Chen D. Extraction, structural characterization, and antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Notarchus leachii freeri eggs. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105275. [PMID: 34601298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharides (NLCEP) were extracted from Notarchus leachii freeri eggs strings by the saltextractionmethod. The extraction conditions were optimized using the single-factorexperimentmethod and response surface method (RSM). The results showed that the maximum extraction yield of NLCEP was obtained under the following conditions: NaCl solution concentration of 2.96 %, raw material to liquid ratio of 1: 40 g/mL, extraction time of 2 h and extraction temperature of 69 °C. A new novel pure polysaccharide fraction named as NLCEPs-1 was fractionated from NLCEP by using DEAE-Cellulose 52 and Sephadex G-100. Its structure and immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities were analyzed. The results exhibited that the molecular weight of NLCEPs-1 was 31.4 kDa and it was composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose in the molar percentage of 11.128: 63.770: 5.439: 6.585: 13.077. The backbone of NLCEPs-1 was mainly consisted of → )4-α-d-Glcp (1→, →6)-α-d-Glcp (1→, →1)-β-d-Galp and β-d-Galp-(1→. NLCEPs-1 exhibited the strong antioxidant activity in scavenging ability of various free radicals and immunomodulatory activity by the enhancement of the pinocytic capacity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province 524048, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province 524048, China
| | - Buyan Zeng
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province 524048, China
| | - Daohai Chen
- Western Guangdong Engineering Research Center on Sustainable Utilization of Seafood Resources, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province 524048, China; Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province 524048, China.
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155
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Hassan ME, Hassan RR, Diab KA, El-Nekeety AA, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Nanoencapsulation of thyme essential oil: a new avenue to enhance its protective role against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52046-52063. [PMID: 33999325 PMCID: PMC8126601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the green synthesis of nanometals is eco-friendly, the toxicity or safety of these biosynthesized nanoparticles in living organisms is not fully studied. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective role of encapsulated thyme oil (ETO) against zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). ETO was prepared using a mixture of whey protein isolate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic, and ZnO-NPs were synthesized using parsley extract. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 21 days which included the control group, ZnO-NP-treated group (25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), ETO-treated groups at low or high dose (50, 100 mg/kg b.w.), and the groups that received ZnO-NPs plus ETO at the two tested doses. Blood and tissue samples were collected for different assays. The results showed that carvacrol and thymol were the major components in ETO among 13 compounds isolated by GC-MS. ZnO-NPs were nearly spherical and ETOs were round in shape with an average size of 38 and 311.8 nm, respectively. Administration of ZnO-NPs induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, biochemical, ctyogentical, and histological changes in rats. ETO at the tested doses alleviated these disturbances and showed protective effects against the hazards of ZnO-NPs. It could be concluded that encapsulation of thyme oil using whey protein isolate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic improved the antioxidant properties of ETO, probably possess synergistic effects, and can be used as a promising tool in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Hassan
- Toxicology Department, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Hassan
- Immunology Department, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawthar A Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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156
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Klein OI, Kulikova NA, Konstantinov AI, Zykova MV, Perminova IV. A Systematic Study of the Antioxidant Capacity of Humic Substances against Peroxyl Radicals: Relation to Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3262. [PMID: 34641078 PMCID: PMC8512611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are natural supramolecular systems of high- and low-molecular-weight compounds with distinct immunomodulatory and protective properties. The key beneficial biological activity of HS is their antioxidant activity. However, systematic studies of the antioxidant activity of HS against biologically relevant peroxyl radicals are still scarce. The main objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant capacity (AOC) of a broad set of HS widely differing in structure using an oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. For this purpose, 25 samples of soil, peat, coal, and aquatic HS and humic-like substances were characterized using elemental analysis and quantitative 13C solution-state NMR. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify total phenol (TP) content in HS. The determined AOC values varied in the range of 0.31-2.56 μmol Trolox eqv. mg-1, which is close to the values for ascorbic acid and vitamin E. Forward stepwise regression was used to reveal the four main factors contributing to the AOC value of HS: atomic C/N ratio, content of O-substituted methine and methoxyl groups, and TP. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the dependence of the AOC of HS on both phenolic and non-phenolic moieties in their structure, including carbohydrate fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Klein
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Leninskiy 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Kulikova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Leninskiy 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey I. Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Maria V. Zykova
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.V.P.)
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157
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Guerreiro BM, Silva JC, Lima JC, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Antioxidant Potential of the Bio-Based Fucose-Rich Polysaccharide FucoPol Supports Its Use in Oxidative Stress-Inducing Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3020. [PMID: 34577923 PMCID: PMC8470694 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are dangerous sources of macromolecular damage. While most derive from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, their production can be triggered by exogenous stresses, surpassing the extinction capacity of intrinsic antioxidant defense systems of cells. Here, we report the antioxidant activity of FucoPol, a fucose-rich polyanionic polysaccharide produced by Enterobacter A47, containing ca. 17 wt% of negatively charged residues in its structure. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays coupled to Hill binding kinetics fitting have shown FucoPol can neutralize ferricyanide and Fe3+-TPTZ species at an EC50 of 896 and 602 µg/mL, respectively, with positive binding cooperativity (2.52 ≤ H ≤ 4.85). This reducing power is greater than most polysaccharides reported. Moreover, an optimal 0.25% w/v FucoPol concentration shown previously to be cryo- and photoprotective was also demonstrated to protect Vero cells against H2O2-induced acute exposure not only by attenuating metabolic viability decay, but also by accentuating post-stress proliferation capacity, whilst preserving cell morphology. These results on antioxidant activity provide evidence for the biopolymer's ability to prevent positive feedback cascades of the radical-producing Fenton reaction. Ultimately, FucoPol provides a biotechnological alternative for implementation in cryopreservation, food supplementation, and photoprotective sunscreen formula design, as all fields benefit from an antioxidant functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Guerreiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.M.G.); (M.A.M.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. M. Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.M.G.); (M.A.M.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.M.G.); (M.A.M.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
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158
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Antioxidant activity of sulfated Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharides and their regulating effect on calcium oxalate crystal growth. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112338. [PMID: 34474889 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nucleation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and the oxidative damage of renal tubular epithelial cells are the key factors to induce kidney stones. In this study, degraded Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide (PYP0) with 14.14% sulfate group (-OSO3-) content was modified via the sulfur trioxide-pyridine method to obtain three kinds of sulfated P. yezoensis polysaccharides (PYPs), namely, PYPS1, PYPS2, and PYPS3, with -OSO3- group contents of 17.11%, 20.28%, and 27.14% respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses showed that the -OSO3- groups replaced the hydroxyl groups at the C2, C4, and C6 positions on (1 → 3)-linked β-D-galactose, the basic structural skeleton unit of PYP0. The antioxidant activity of the PYPSs increased after sulfation, and their scavenging capacity for OH and DPPH free radicals was enhanced with the increase in their -OSO3- group content. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal growth experiments showed that sulfated PYPs promoted the conversion of the thermodynamically stable and sharp CaOx monohydrate (COM) crystals into the thermodynamically unstable and round CaOx dihydrate crystals. With the increase in the -OSO3- group content of the polysaccharides, the concentration of soluble Ca2+ ions in the supernatant increased and the amount of CaOx precipitate decreased. PYPs were nontoxic to human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and could protect HK-2 from oxidative damage caused by nano-COM and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species in cells. PYPS3, which had the highest degree of sulfation, had the best protective capability. The results of this work showed that sulfation improved the biological activity of PYPs. This study could provide inspiration for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
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159
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Mingda H, Jun G, Ziqi L, Yu S, Shuyong L. Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities In Vitro of a Neutral Polysaccharide from Ginger (
Zingiber Officinale). STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hou Mingda
- P. E. Scientific College Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Gao Jun
- P. E. Scientific College Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Liu Ziqi
- Institute Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Shan Yu
- Physical Education, South China Agriculture University Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Liu Shuyong
- P. E. Scientific College Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
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160
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Zhang Y, Han Y, He J, Ouyang K, Zhao M, Cai L, Zhao Z, Meng W, Chen L, Wang W. Digestive properties and effects of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv polysaccharides on antioxidant effects in vitro and in immunocompromised mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:306-316. [PMID: 34166692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the simulated digestion behavior of the bioactive polysaccharides from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv (COP1), antioxidant activity in vitro, and prevention against cyclophosphamide (CP) induced oxidative damage in mice. The results showed that COP1 were 18.843 kDa, and consisted of arabinose (56.6 mol%), galactose (24.9 mol%), xylose (11.1 mol%), and glucose (7.4 mol%). Gastrointestinal digestion significantly improved the radical (DPPH, OH, and ABTS+) scavenging activities of COP1. Meanwhile, administration of COP1 (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, continuous 16 days) prevented hepatotoxicity in CP-induced mice (reducing liver index and transaminase levels, alleviating liver damage). COP1 also attenuated oxidative stress as evident from as shown by reduced levels of MDA and enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px). In addition, COP1 regulated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in CP-treated mice, decreasing the upstream factor Keap1 and increasing the upstream factor Nrf2, which in turn enhanced the expression of downstream factors (NQO1, HO-1, GSH-Px, SOD1, and CAT). COP1 also protected the body from CP-induced oxidative damage by down-regulating Bax and caspase3 in the apoptosis pathway and up-regulating Bcl-2 mRNA levels. Overall, COP1 might be harnessed as an effective natural antioxidant for medical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yi Han
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jing He
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenya Meng
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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161
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Chen F, Cui D, Wang M. Advances in the
in vitro
digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710054 China
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Mengrao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
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162
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Zhang Y, Han Y, He J, Ouyang K, Zhao M, Cai L, Zhao Z, Meng W, Chen L, Wang W. Digestive properties and effects of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv polysaccharides on antioxidant effects in vitro and in immunocompromised mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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163
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Matou M, Bercion S, Marianne-Pepin T, Haddad P, Merciris P. Phenolic profiles and biological properties of traditional Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extracts used for diabetes. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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164
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Shelf life stability and quality study of texture-modified chicken rendang using xanthan gum as thickener for the consumption of the elderly with dysphagia. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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165
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Sheng Z, Liu J, Yang B. Structure Differences of Water Soluble Polysaccharides in Astragalus membranaceus Induced by Origin and Their Bioactivity. Foods 2021; 10:1755. [PMID: 34441532 PMCID: PMC8395020 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a functional food with multiple bioactivities. It presents differentiated health benefits due to origins. Polysaccharides (APS) are the leading bioactive macromolecules of A. membranaceus, which are highly related to its health benefits. However, the effect of origin on the structural characteristics of APSs remains unclear. In this work, polysaccharides from four origins were isolated and identified by NMR. The results showed APSs of four origins had identical monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage. Rhamnogalacturonan II pectins and α-(1→4)-glucan were the dominant polysaccharides. However, the level of methyl ester in pectins varied to a large extent. The molecular weight profiles of APSs were also different. Inner Mongolia APS had the largest percentage of 20-40 kDa polysaccharides. Molecular weight and methyl ester level were two important parameters determining the difference of APSs from four origins. These results were helpful to recognize the origin-related quality of A. membranaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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166
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Akcicek A, Bozkurt F, Akgül C, Karasu S. Encapsulation of Olive Pomace Extract in Rocket Seed Gum and Chia Seed Gum Nanoparticles: Characterization, Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stability. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081735. [PMID: 34441513 PMCID: PMC8393993 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the potential use of rocket seed and chia seed gum as wall materials, to encapsulate and to prevent degradation of olive pomace extract (OPE) in polymeric nanoparticles, and to characterize olive pomace extract-loaded rocket seed gum nanoparticles (RSGNPs) and chia seed gum nanoparticles (CSGNPs). The phenolic profile of olive pomace extract and physicochemical properties of olive pomace, rocket seed gum (RSG), and chia seed gum (CSG) were determined. The characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using particle size and zeta potential measurement, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), in vitro release, and antioxidant activity analyses. Nanoparticles were used to form oil in water Pickering emulsions and were evaluated by oxitest. The RSGNPs and CSGNPs showed spherical shape in irregular form, had an average size 318 ± 3.11 nm and 490 ± 8.67 nm, and zeta potential values of −22.6 ± 1.23 and −29.9 ± 2.57, 25 respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of the RSGNPs and CSGNPs were found to be 67.01 ± 4.29% and 82.86 ± 4.13%, respectively. The OPE-RSGNP and OPE-CSGNP presented peaks at the 1248 cm−1 and 1350 cm−1 which represented that C-O groups and deformation of OH, respectively, shifted compared to the OPE (1252.53 cm−1 and 1394.69 cm−1). The shift in wave numbers showed interactions of a phenolic compound of OPE within the RSG and CSG, respectively. In vitro release study showed that the encapsulation of OPE in RSGNPs and CSGNPs led to a delay of the OPE released in physiological pH. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of RSGNPs and CSGNPs increased when the OPE-loaded RSGNPs and CSGNPs were formed. The encapsulation of OPE in RSGNPs and CSGNPs and the IP values of the oil in water Pickering emulsions containing OPE-RSGNPs and OPE-CSGNPs were higher than OPE, proving that OPE-loaded RSGNPs and CSGNPs significantly increased oxidative stability of Pickering emulsions. These results suggest that the RSG and CSG could have the potential to be utilized as wall materials for nanoencapsulation and prevent degradation of cold-pressed olive pomace phenolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Akcicek
- Department of Food Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey; (A.A.); (F.B.); (C.A.)
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41080, Turkey
| | - Fatih Bozkurt
- Department of Food Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey; (A.A.); (F.B.); (C.A.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Muş Alparslan University, Muş 49250, Turkey
| | - Cansu Akgül
- Department of Food Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey; (A.A.); (F.B.); (C.A.)
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Anadolu BİL Vocational High School, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey
| | - Salih Karasu
- Department of Food Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey; (A.A.); (F.B.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-212-383-46-23
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167
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Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata Prepared by Different Extraction Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142357. [PMID: 34301113 PMCID: PMC8309502 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, different extraction techniques, including traditional hot water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized assisted extraction (PAE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), were used to extract Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides (DFPs), and their physicochemical and biological properties were compared. Results revealed that extraction yields of D. indusiata polysaccharides prepared by different extraction techniques ranged from 5.62% to 6.48%. D. indusiata polysaccharides prepared by different extraction techniques possessed similar chemical compositions and monosaccharide compositions, while exhibited different molecular weights (Mw), apparent viscosities, and molar ratios of constituent monosaccharides. In particularly, D. indusiata polysaccharides prepared by HWE (DFP-H) had the highest Mw and apparent viscosity among all DFPs, while D. indusiata polysaccharides extracted by UAE (DFP-U) possessed the lowest Mw and apparent viscosity. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant effects of D. indusiata polysaccharides prepared by PAE (DFP-P) and DFP-U were significantly higher than that of others. Indeed, both DFP-P and DFP-H exhibited much higher in vitro binding properties, including fat, cholesterol, and bile acid binding properties, and lipase inhibitory effects than that of D. indusiata polysaccharides prepared by MAE (DFP-M) and DFP-U. These findings suggest that the PAE technique has good potential for the preparation of D. indusiata polysaccharides with desirable bioactivities for the application in the functional food industry.
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168
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Fan Y, Zhou X, Huang G. Preparation, structure, and properties of tea polysaccharide. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:75-82. [PMID: 34265179 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tea polysaccharide is a kind of acid glycoprotein complex extracted from tea. Tea polysaccharide has a variety of biological activities, especially the hypoglycemic effect is outstanding. It is good for human health. Tea polysaccharides have been extensively studied over the past few decades. The advantages and disadvantages of water extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction were described. At the same time, the structure and biological activity of tea polysaccharide were also summarized. The development of tea polysaccharide was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Second clinical medicine College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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169
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Byun EB, Song HY, Kim WS, Han JM, Seo HS, Park SH, Kim K, Byun EH. Protective Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Macrophages and a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147512. [PMID: 34299130 PMCID: PMC8304288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of most effective chemotherapeutic drugs that is widely used to treat various types of cancer, it can cause undesirable damage in immune cells and normal tissue because of its strong cytotoxicity and non-selectivity. This study was conducted to investigate the cytoprotective effects of Cudrania tricuspidata fruit-derived polysaccharides (CTPS) against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages, lung cancer cell lines, and a mouse model, and to explore the possibility of application of CTPS as a supplement for anticancer therapy. Both cisplatin alone and cisplatin with CTPS induced a significant cytotoxicity in A549 and H460 lung cancer cells, whereas cytotoxicity was suppressed by CTPS in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells. CTPS significantly attenuated the apoptotic and necrotic population, as well as cell penetration in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells, which ultimately inhibited the upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cytosolic cytochrome c, poly (adenosine diphosphateribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and caspases-3, -8, and -9, and the downregulation of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). The CTPS-induced cytoprotective action was mediated with a reduction in reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss in cisplatin-treated RAW264.7 cells. In agreement with the results obtained above, CTPS induced the attenuation of cell damage in cisplatin-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (primary cells). In in vivo studies, CTPS significantly inhibited metastatic colonies and bodyweight loss as well as immunotoxicity in splenic T cells compared to the cisplatin-treated group in lung metastasis-induced mice. Furthermore, CTPS decreased the level of CRE and BUN in serum. In summation, these results suggest that CTPS-induced cytoprotective action may play a role in alleviating the side effects induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea;
| | - Jeong Moo Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (E.-B.B.); (H.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Kwangwook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (S.-H.P.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-413-301-481; Fax: +82-413-301-489
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170
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Zou GJ, Huang WB, Sun XY, Tang GH, Ouyang JM. Carboxymethylation of Corn Silk Polysaccharide and Its Inhibition on Adhesion of Nanocalcium Oxalate Crystals to Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3409-3422. [PMID: 34170660 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the repair effect of carboxymethyl-modified corn silk polysaccharide (CSP) on oxidatively damaged renal epithelial cells and the difference in adhesion between cells and calcium oxalate crystals. The CSP was degraded and modified through carboxymethylation. An oxidatively damaged cell model was constructed by oxalate damage to human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Then, the damaged cells were repaired by modified polysaccharides, and the changes in biochemical indexes and adhesion ability between cells and crystals before and after repair were detected. Four modified polysaccharides with carboxyl group (-COOH) contents of 3.92% (CSP0), 7.75% (CCSP1), 12.90% (CCSP2), and 16.38% (CCSP3) were obtained. Compared with CSP0, CCSPs had stronger antioxidant activity, could repair damaged HK-2 cells, and could reduce phosphorylated serine eversion on the cell membrane, the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and Annexin A1, and crystal adhesion. However, its effect on the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase was not substantial. The carboxymethyl modification of the CSP can improve its ability to repair cells and inhibit crystal adhesion and aggregation. A high carboxymethylation degree results in strong polysaccharide activity. CCSPs are expected to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Zou
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Bo Huang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Gu-Hua Tang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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171
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Dietary Fiber Modulates the Fermentation Patterns of Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside in a Fiber-Type Dependent Manner. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061386. [PMID: 34208433 PMCID: PMC8235204 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between cell-wall polysaccharides and polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract have attracted extensive attention. We hypothesized that dietary fiber modulates the fermentation patterns of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in a fiber-type-dependent manner. In the present study, the effects of four dietary fibers (fructose-oligosaccharides, pectin, β-glucan and arabinoxylan) on the modulation of C3G fermentation patterns were investigated through in vitro fermentation inoculated with human feces. The changes in gas volume, pH, total carbohydrate content, metabolites of C3G, antioxidant activity, and microbial community distribution during in vitro fermentation were analyzed. After 24 h of fermentation, the gas volume and total carbohydrate contents of the four dietary-fiber-supplemented groups respectively increased and decreased to varying degrees. The results showed that the C3G metabolites after in vitro fermentation mainly included cyanidin, protocatechuic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde. Supplementation of dietary fibers changed the proportions of C3G metabolites depending on the structures. Dietary fibers increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and the relative abundance of gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, thus potentially maintaining colonic health to a certain extent. In conclusion, the used dietary fibers modulate the fermentation patterns of C3G in a fiber-type-dependent manner.
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172
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Lin W, Chen H, Wang J, Zheng Y, Lu Q, Zhu Z, Li N, Jin Z, Li J, Lu H. Transcriptome analysis associated with polysaccharide synthesis and their antioxidant activity in Cyclocarya paliurus leaves of different developmental stages. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11615. [PMID: 34178473 PMCID: PMC8210810 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja is a common endemic tree species and used as a Chinese medicine. The main active components in the leaves of this plant are polysaccharides. However, the temporal patterns of gene expression underlying the synthesis of polysaccharides in C. paliurus at different leaf developmental stages and its relationship with the polysaccharide content and antioxidant activities has not been reported to date. METHODS RNA-seq was used to investigate the biosynthesis pathway of polysaccharides at the four developmental stages of C. paliurus leaves. The content and the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides were measured with typical biochemical methods and the identified correlations were statistically evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-nine differentially expressed genes were found in the leaves during different developmental stages of C. paliurus. These are associated with glycosyltransferases and belong to 18 families. During different developmental stages of C. paliurus, the polysaccharide content first increased and then decreased, and the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase gene was found to be significantly positively correlated with the polysaccharide content. The clearance rates of DPPH radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and the reducing power of polysaccharides in the leaves of C. paliurus at different developmental stages showed a dose-dependent relationship with the concentration of polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS The smallest fully expanded leaves are suitable for high-quality tea, and leaves with sizes below the largest fully expanded leaves are suitable for industrial production of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZheJiang, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanwei Chen
- Forest Research Institute of Longquan City, Longquan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Zhejiang Yuanyang Agriculture Development Co. Ltd, Suichang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongli Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Agricultural Products Quality Safety Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuwei Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Ziping Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Zexin Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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173
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Yang Y, Qiu Z, Li L, Vidyarthi SK, Zheng Z, Zhang R. Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of one neutral polysaccharide and three acid polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba cv. Hamidazao: A comparison. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117879. [PMID: 33766366 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A neutral polysaccharide (HJP-1a) and three acid polysaccharides (HJP-2, HJP-3 and HJP-4) were obtained from Z. jujuba cv. Hamidazao. HJP-1a was mainly composed of arabinose and galactose in a ratio of 56.9:20.0, with an average molecular weight of 3.115 × 104 g/mol. HJP-2, HJP-3 and HJP-4 were homogeneous heteropolysaccharides mainly containing galacturonic acid, arabinose and galactose, with average molecular weights of 4.590 × 104, 6.986 × 104 and 1.951 × 105 g/mol, respectively. Structural characterization indicated that the backbone of HJP-3 appeared to be mainly composed of →4)-α-d-GalpA (1→ and →2,4)-α-l-Rhap (1→ residues with some branches consisting of →5)-α-l-Araf (1→ residues and terminals of T-α-l-Araf (1→ and T-β-d-Galp residues. The four purified fractions displayed dose-dependent radical scavenging activity on ABTS+ radicals and reducing capacity, as well as excellent protective effect on H2O2-induced HepG2 cells and metronidazole-damaged zebrafish embryos, especially HJP-2 in vitro and HJP-1a in vivo. Therefore, the polysaccharides from Z. jujuba cv. Hamidazao could be used as a potential antioxidant in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Sriram K Vidyarthi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA; Research and Development, The Morning Star Company, Woodland, 95695, CA, USA
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Rentang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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174
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LIU Y, LI SM. Extraction optimization and antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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175
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Reviews on mechanisms of in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities of water-soluble plant polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2262-2271. [PMID: 34062158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and antimicrobial resistance are becoming prominent health problems needing utmost public health attention. Curative interventions such as the use of pharmaceutical drugs and alternative plant medicines are increasingly being explored. Plant polysaccharides have gained attention for their promising bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Bioactive plant polysaccharides are also being preferred for their relatively few side effects compared to conventional pharmaceuticals. The elucidation of the bioactive potential of plant polysaccharides in disease treatment entails an understanding of the factors that determine their biofunctional properties using functional and mechanistic assays. This review summarizes the literature on the composition, structural, functional, and mechanistic determinations of the antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of plant polysaccharides. The outcome of this review highlights the leading trends in the elucidation of the antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of plant polysaccharides and underscores the promising health benefits of plant polysaccharides.
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176
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Abu Hafsa SH, Khalel MS, El-Gindy YM, Hassan AA. Nutritional potential of marine and freshwater algae as dietary supplements for growing rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1928557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salma H. Abu Hafsa
- Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Khalel
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Yassmine M. El-Gindy
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
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177
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Abdel-Daim MM, Abdeen A, Jalouli M, Abdelkader A, Megahed A, Alkahtane A, Almeer R, Alhoshani NM, Al-Johani NS, Alkahtani S, Aleya L. Fucoidan supplementation modulates hepato-renal oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 intoxication in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144781. [PMID: 33444861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a common food contaminant of global concern. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) intoxication is associated with serious health hazards. Recently, fucoidan (FUC) has gained much attention from pharmaceutical industry due to its promising therapeutic effects. The impacts of FUC on AFB1-induced liver and kidney injures have not been sufficiently addressed. This research was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of FUC in AFB1-induced hepatorenal toxicity model in rats over 14 days. Five groups were assigned; control, FUC (200 mg/kg/day, orally), AFB1 (50 μg/kg, i.p.), and AFB1 plus a low or high dose of FUC. AFB1 induced marked hepatorenal injury elucidated by substantial alterations in biochemical tests and histological pictures. The oxidative distress instigated by AFB1 enhanced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) along with reduction in the reduced-glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. DNA damage in the liver and kidney tissues has been demonstrated by overexpression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Unambiguously, FUC consumption alleviates the AFB1-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative harm, and apoptosis. These ameliorated effects are proposed to be attributed to fucoidan's antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. Our results recommend FUC supplementation to food because it exerts both preventive and therapeutic effects against AFB1-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ameer Megahed
- Department of Animal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Abdullah Alkahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah M Alhoshani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S Al-Johani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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178
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Chakraborty K, Antony T, Dhara S. Marine Macroalgal Polygalactan-Built Nanoparticle Construct for Osteogenesis. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2197-2210. [PMID: 33890786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naturally derived polysaccharide biopolymer-based nanoparticles with their size and drug release potentials have appeared as promising biomaterials for osteogenic differentiation. A metallic nanoparticle (GS-AgNP) prepared from a sulfated polygalactan characterized as →3)-2-O-methyl-O-6-sulfonato-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-2-O-methyl-3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactopyranose-(1→ isolated from the marine macroalga Gracilaria salicornia exhibited a prospective osteogenic effect. Upon treatment with the studied GS-AgNP, alkaline phosphatase activity (88.9 mU/mg) was significantly elevated in human mesenchymal osteoblast stem cells (hMSCs) compared to that in the normal control (33.7 mU/mg). A mineralization study of GS-AgNPs demonstrated an intense mineralized nodule formation on the hMSC surface. A fluorescence-activated cell sorting study of osteocalcin and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression resulted in an increased population of osteocalcin (78.64%) and BMP-2-positive cells (46.10%) after treatment with GS-AgNPs (250 μg/mL) on M2 macrophages. A time-dependent cell viability study of GS-AgNPs exhibited its non-cytotoxic nature. The studied polygalactan-built nanoparticle could be developed as a promising bioactive pharmacophore against metabolic bone disorder and the treatment for osteogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India
| | - Tima Antony
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Shubhajit Dhara
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India
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179
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Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Amomumvillosum Lour. on RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092672. [PMID: 34063301 PMCID: PMC8125432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum Villosum Lour. (A. villosum) is a folk medicine that has been used for more than 1300 years. However, study of the polysaccharides of A. villosum is seriously neglected. The objectives of this study are to explore the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from A. villosum (AVPs) and their effects on immune cells. In this study, the acidic polysaccharides (AVPG-1 and AVPG-2) were isolated from AVPs and purified via anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharides were characterized by methylation, HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPLC, FT-IR, SEM, GC-MS and NMR techniques. AVPG-1 with a molecular weight of 514 kDa had the backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. AVPG-2 with a higher molecular weight (14800 kDa) comprised a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the potential effect of AVPG-1 and AVPG-2 on macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control. The results from bioassays showed that AVPG-2 exhibited stronger immunomodulatory activity than AVPG-1. AVPG-2 significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and upregulated phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that AVPG-2 was able to turn the polarization of macrophages to the M1 direction. These results suggested that AVPs could be explored as potential immunomodulatory agents of the functional foods or complementary medicine.
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180
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Paulo BB, Alvim ID, Reineccius G, Prata AS. Barrier properties of spray-dried emulsions containing flavorings or unsaturated triglycerides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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181
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Popovici V, Bucur L, Popescu A, Schröder V, Costache T, Rambu D, Cucolea IE, Gîrd CE, Caraiane A, Gherghel D, Vochita G, Badea V. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. Dry Extracts in Different Solvents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:909. [PMID: 34062835 PMCID: PMC8147331 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lichens represent a significant source of antioxidants due to numerous metabolites that can reduce free radicals. Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. has been recognized and used since ancient times for its therapeutic effects, some of which are based on its antioxidant properties. The present study aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of this lichen species. Five dry extracts of U. barbata (UBDE) in different solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, water) were prepared by refluxing at Soxhlet to achieve these proposed objectives and to identify which solvent is the most effective for the extraction. The usnic acid content (UAC) was quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The total polyphenols content (TPC) and tannins content (TC) were evaluated by spectrophotometry, and the total polysaccharides (PSC) were extracted by a gravimetric method. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical method was used to assess the antioxidant activity (AA) and the Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) assay was the biotest for cytotoxic activity evaluation. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest usnic acid content, and acetone extract had the highest content of total polyphenols and tannins. The most significant antioxidant effect was reported to methanol extract, and all the extracts proved high cytotoxicity. The water extract has the lowest cytotoxicity because usnic acid is slightly soluble in this solvent, and it was not found at UHPLC analysis. All extracts recorded a moderate correlation between the content of usnic acid, polyphenols, tannins, and AA; furthermore, it has been observed that the cytotoxicity varies inversely with the antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Popovici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania; (V.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Laura Bucur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 6 Capitan Al. Serbanescu Street, 900001 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Antoanela Popescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 6 Capitan Al. Serbanescu Street, 900001 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Verginica Schröder
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 6 Capitan Al. Serbanescu Street, 900001 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Teodor Costache
- Research Center for Instrumental Analysis SCIENT, 1E Petre Ispirescu Street, 077167 Ilfov, Romania; (T.C.); (D.R.); (I.E.C.)
| | - Dan Rambu
- Research Center for Instrumental Analysis SCIENT, 1E Petre Ispirescu Street, 077167 Ilfov, Romania; (T.C.); (D.R.); (I.E.C.)
| | - Iulia Elena Cucolea
- Research Center for Instrumental Analysis SCIENT, 1E Petre Ispirescu Street, 077167 Ilfov, Romania; (T.C.); (D.R.); (I.E.C.)
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Aureliana Caraiane
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gherghel
- Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Branch of NIRDBS, 47 Lascar Catargi Street, 700107 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Gabriela Vochita
- Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Branch of NIRDBS, 47 Lascar Catargi Street, 700107 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Victoria Badea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania; (V.P.); (V.B.)
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182
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Souza PR, de Oliveira AC, Vilsinski BH, Kipper MJ, Martins AF. Polysaccharide-Based Materials Created by Physical Processes: From Preparation to Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:621. [PMID: 33925380 PMCID: PMC8146878 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based materials created by physical processes have received considerable attention for biomedical applications. These structures are often made by associating charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, avoiding toxic chemistries (crosslinking agents). We review the principal polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, and derivatives) containing ionizable groups in their structures and cellulose (neutral polysaccharide). Physical materials with high stability in aqueous media can be developed depending on the selected strategy. We review strategies, including coacervation, ionotropic gelation, electrospinning, layer-by-layer coating, gelation of polymer blends, solvent evaporation, and freezing-thawing methods, that create polysaccharide-based assemblies via in situ (one-step) methods for biomedical applications. We focus on materials used for growth factor (GFs) delivery, scaffolds, antimicrobial coatings, and wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Souza
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
| | - Ariel C. de Oliveira
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
- Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules and Composites, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana 86812-460, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno H. Vilsinski
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
| | - Matt J. Kipper
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alessandro F. Martins
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
- Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules and Composites, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana 86812-460, PR, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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183
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Zhang R, Ma C, Wei Y, Wang X, Jia J, Li J, Li K, Cao G, Yang P. Isolation, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and combined action of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:119-131. [PMID: 33905802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides, as the main component and an important bioactive substance of Hedyotis diffusa, are effective immunomodulators with various pharmacological activities, including antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fatigue and immunity-enhancing activities. The total polysaccharides extracted from Hedyotis diffusa and Scutellaria barbata have great effects in treating liver cancer, gastric cancer, rectal cancer, glioma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, different materials and extraction methods result in differences in the structure and bioactivity of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides. Therefore, this paper summarizes the isolation, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and combined action of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides to provide a reference for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chuanjiang Ma
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yongli Wei
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ji Li
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guangshang Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Peimin Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
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184
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Polysaccharide based films and coatings for food packaging: Effect of added polyphenols. Food Chem 2021; 359:129871. [PMID: 34023728 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been keen interest in developing biodegradable food packaging materials using polysaccharides. Plant polyphenols are natural antioxidants with many health effects. Different types of plant extracts rich in polyphenols have been formulated into polysaccharide based films and coatings for food packaging. The packaging increases the shelf life of food products by decreasing the quality loss due to oxidation and microbiological growth. The release of polyphenols from the films is modulated. Polysaccharide films incorporated with certain types of polyphenols can be used to indicate the freshness of animal based products. To formulate films with desirable mechanical and barrier properties, addition levels and types of plant extracts, plasticisers and composite polysaccharide materials used should be optimized. The potential of polysaccharide based films with added polyphenols to stop the SARS-CoV-2 transmission through food supply chain is discussed. Polysaccharide based films fortified with polyphenol extracts are multifunctional with potential for active and intelligent packaging.
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185
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Hosseini Abari A, Amini Rourani H, Ghasemi SM, Kim H, Kim YG. Investigation of antioxidant and anticancer activities of unsaturated oligo-galacturonic acids produced by pectinase of Streptomyces hydrogenans YAM1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8491. [PMID: 33875695 PMCID: PMC8055656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin, a diverse carbohydrate polymer in plants consists of a core of α-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid units, includes a vast portion of fruit and agricultural wastes. Using the wastes to produce beneficial compounds is a new approach to control the negative environmental impacts of the accumulated wastes. In the present study, we report a pectinase producing bacterium Streptomyces hydrogenans YAM1 and evaluate antioxidative and anticancer effects of the oligosaccharides obtained from pectin degradation. The production of oligosaccharides due to pectinase activity was detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Our results revealed that S. hydrogenans YAM1 can degrade pectin to unsaturated pectic oligo-galacturonic acids (POS) with approximately 93% radical scavenging activity in 20 mg/mL which it is more than 50% of the same concentration of pectin. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MCF-7 cells viability decreased more than 32 and 92% following treatment with 6 and 20 mg/mL POS after 24 h, respectively. It is suggested that pectin degradation by S. hydrogenans YAM1 is not only a new approach to produce highly active compounds from fruit wastes, but also is an effective method to remove fibrous pollutants from different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouzossadat Hosseini Abari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Amini Rourani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
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186
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Li L, Qiu Z, Dong H, Ma C, Qiao Y, Zheng Z. Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of one neutral polysaccharide and three acid polysaccharides from the roots of Arctium lappa L.: A comparison. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:187-196. [PMID: 33836197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we comparatively analyzed the structure and antioxidant activities of different polysaccharide fractions from Arctium lappa L. A total of four water-soluble polysaccharide fractions (ALP-1, ALP-2, ALP-3 and ALP-4) were obtained from the roots of Arctium lappa L. They differed in monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and linkage mode. ALP-1 and ALP-2 mainly consisted of fructose, with average molecular weights of 2.676 × 103 and 2.503 × 104 g/mol, respectively. ALP-3 and ALP-4 were mainly composed of fructose, arabinose and galactose, with average molecular weights of 9.709 × 104 and 6.790 × 104 g/mol, respectively. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested that the main polysaccharide ALP-1 had a linear chain of (1 → 2)-linked β-D-Fructofuranosyl backbone (n ≈ 15) linked to a terminal (1 → 2)-linked α-d-Glucopyranosyl at the non-reducing end. All five polysaccharides displayed high antioxidant ability, especially ALP-4 in H2O2-induced HepG2 cell model and ALP-1 in metronidazole [MET]-induced zebrafish model. These findings provided comparative information on the structure and biological activity of different burdock polysaccharides and highlighted their potential as antioxidants in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yiteng Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Jiang JL, Zhang WZ, Ni WX, Shao JW. Insight on structure-property relationships of carrageenan from marine red algal: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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188
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Effect of γ-irradiation on the structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide isolated from the fruiting bodies of Morchella sextelata. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226365. [PMID: 32896857 PMCID: PMC7494991 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular weight of the polysaccharide and the chemical groups it contains has an important influence on its biological activity, relatively low molecular weight polysaccharides may have better antioxidant activity. Polysaccharides isolated from the fruiting bodies of Morchella sextelata (MSP) were treated by γ-irradiation at 10, 100 and 1000 kGy doses, and the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of irradiated MSP were investigated. Microscopic observation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that breakage and pores appeared on the surface of the irradiated polysaccharide. As the irradiation dose increased, the average molecular weight of MSP decreased significantly, while the particle size and thermal stability of MSP first increased at 10 and 100 kGy doses and then decreased at 1000 kGy doses. The antioxidant activities, measured by free radical scavenging tests and protective effect on PC12 cells injured by H2O2, were all increased after irradiation, especially when the concentration of MSP was low (50 and 100 μg/ml). Therefore, irradiation treatment was an effective method to enhance the activity of polysaccharides.
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Tosif MM, Najda A, Bains A, Kaushik R, Dhull SB, Chawla P, Walasek-Janusz M. A Comprehensive Review on Plant-Derived Mucilage: Characterization, Functional Properties, Applications, and Its Utilization for Nanocarrier Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071066. [PMID: 33800613 PMCID: PMC8037796 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Easily sourced mucus from various plant parts is an odorless, colorless and tasteless substance with emerging commercial potential in agriculture, food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to its non-toxic and biodegradable properties. It has been found that plant-derived mucilage can be used as a natural thickener or emulsifier and an alternative to synthetic polymers and additives. Because it is an invisible barrier that separates the surface from the surrounding atmosphere, it is used as edible coatings to extend the shelf life of fresh vegetables and fruits as well as many food products. In addition to its functional properties, mucilage can also be used for the production of nanocarriers. In this review, we focus on mucus extraction methods and its use as a natural preservative for fresh produce. We detailed the key properties related to the extraction and preservation of food, the mechanism of the effect of mucus on the sensory properties of products, coating methods when using mucus and its recipe for preserving fruit and vegetables. Understanding the ecological, economic and scientific factors of production and the efficiency of mucus as a multi-directional agent will open up its practical application in many industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansuri M. Tosif
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-280 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges Landran, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India;
| | - Ravinder Kaushik
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India;
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India;
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Magdalena Walasek-Janusz
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-280 Lublin, Poland;
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Casas-Arrojo V, Decara J, de los Ángeles Arrojo-Agudo M, Pérez-Manríquez C, Abdala-Díaz RT. Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Porphyridium cruentum. (S.F.Gray) Nägeli. Biomolecules 2021; 11:488. [PMID: 33805009 PMCID: PMC8063939 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyridium cruentum is a unicellular microalga that can synthesize and secrete to the culture medium-high amounts of polysaccharides. In this study, the immunomodulatory, cytotoxic effect and antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharides (PcSPs) were determinate. The PcSPs were precipitated with 2% Cetylpyridinium bromide hydrate and ethanol and purified by dialysis. The extract was lyophilized for its characterization by Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of PcSPs were examined with assay 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and compared with that of the biomass, observing significant differences between the results obtained from the PcSPs and biomass. To determine their ability to induce cytokine production Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukina-6 (IL-6), the immunomodulatory activity of the PcSPs has been evaluated. In the mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), PcSPs are potent inducers of IL-6 cytokines but mainly of TNF-α. The cytotoxic capacity of PcSPs was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay in colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116), human leukemia (U-937 and HL-60), breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (NCI-H460) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) cell lines. The IC50 value of 2311.20 µg mL-1, 1676.74 µg mL-1, 1089.63 µg mL-1, 5498.14 µg mL-1 and 2861.49 µg mL-1 respectively in the tumor lines and 5022.55 µg mL-1 in gingival fibroblasts were obtained. Our study suggested that PcSPs from P. cruentum have a moderate immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effect. The results obtained indicate that the polysaccharides from P. cruentum are potent inducers of IL-6 cytokines and, most importantly, of TNF-α. PcSPs showed no evidence of antigenic activity or hypersensitivity when administered intraperitoneally in mice. Furthermore, the in vivo study revealed an improvement of local inflammatory response against stress in the peritoneum. These findings suggest that the PcSPs from P. cruentum might have potential as a valuable ingredient in nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Casas-Arrojo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María de los Ángeles Arrojo-Agudo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
| | - Claudia Pérez-Manríquez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
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191
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Effects of a High-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharides Isolated from Korean Persimmon on the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiwrinkle Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061600. [PMID: 33805791 PMCID: PMC7998197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki), a familiar and widespread fruit worldwide, is known to exhibit several physiological effects because of the presence of pharmacologically active compounds called phytochemicals. However, its high-molecular-weight compounds, particularly polysaccharides, have not been extensively studied. In this study, D. kaki extract (DK) was fractionated into low- and high-molecular-weight fractions (DK-L and DK-H, respectively) through ethanol fractionation, and their effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiwrinkle activities were investigated by an in vitro system. DK-H contained significantly higher contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid, and polyphenols compared to DK and DK-L. Furthermore, DK-H exhibited significantly improved pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiwrinkle properties, compared to those of DK and DK-L, demonstrating that DK-H may play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of persimmon. Sugar composition analysis and molecular characterization indicated that DK-H consisted of a galacturonic acid (GalA)-rich polysaccharide with a molecular weight of >345 kDa that mainly comprised GalA and small amounts of neutral sugar and polyphenol residues. These results suggest that the bioactive fraction DK-H is likely to be a GalA-rich pectic polysaccharide containing a small number of polyphenol residues, which may be a novel candidate in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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192
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Enzymatically Extracted Apple Pectin Possesses Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051434. [PMID: 33800895 PMCID: PMC7961577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of apple pectin extracted conventionally or enzymatically using endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase, was tested in vitro. The analyses were performerd in tetraplicates and the statistical significance of the differences were assessed using ANOVA, Tukey post hoc and LSD (the least significant difference) tests. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to determine the structural components that have a crucial importance for antioxidant and antitumor properties of pectins. The pectins extracted by enzymes contained up to four times more ferulic acid and showed twice as great ability to neutralize free radicals and Fe(III) reduction. The antiradical potential positively correlated with phenols, fucose and rhamnose content. In the assays performed on HT-29 human adenocarcinoma and B16F10 melanoma cell cultures, the “green” pectins, contrary to acid isolated ones, exhibited remarkable anti-neoplastic potential while being nontoxic to nontransformed L929 cell line. The pectins in the dose of 1 mg/mL were capable of inhibiting adhesion (max 23.1%), proliferation (max 40.4%), invasion (max 76.9%) and anchorage-independent growth (max 90%) of HT-29 cells (significance level p < 0.001). These pectin preparations were slightly less active towards B16F10 cells. The enzyme-isolated apple pectins may be useful as a functional food additive and an ingredient of the ointment formulas for post-surgical melanoma treatment.
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193
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Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Formation and Antioxidant Activity of Carboxymethylated Poria cocos Polysaccharides. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6653593. [PMID: 33747347 PMCID: PMC7943295 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three carboxymethylated Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP-C1, PCP-C2, and PCP-C3) with -COOH contents of 6.13%, 10.24%, and 16.22%, respectively, were obtained by carboxymethylation of the original polysaccharide (PCP-C0), which has a molecular weight of 4 kDa and a carboxyl (-COOH) content of 2.54%. The structure of the PCP-Cs was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. The four PCP-Cs exhibited antioxidant activity, and their ability to scavenge radicals (hydroxyl and DPPH) and chelate ferrous ions was positively correlated with the degree of carboxymethylation. As the content of -COOH groups in the PCP-Cs increases, their ability to regulate the growth of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals was enhanced, thus inhibiting the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals and inducing the formation of more calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals. The formed CaOx crystal was more round and blunt, the absolute value of the Zeta potential on the crystal surface increased, and the aggregation between crystals was inhibited. Thermogravimetric analysis curves showed that the proportions of PCP-C0, PCP-C1, PCP-C2, and PCP-C3 incorporated into the crystal were 20.52%, 15.60%, 10.65%, and 9.78%, respectively, in the presence of 0.4 g/L PCP-Cs. PCP-C protection resisted oxidative damages of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) caused by oxalate, resulting in increased cell viability and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased reactive oxygen species levels, malondialdehyde content, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine expression. Hence, PCP-Cs, especially PCP-C3, can inhibit the formation of CaOx crystals and may have the potential to be an alternative antistone drug.
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194
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Rani A, Saini KC, Bast F, Mehariya S, Bhatia SK, Lavecchia R, Zuorro A. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041142. [PMID: 33672774 PMCID: PMC7924645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Khem Chand Saini
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Felix Bast
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India; (A.R.); (K.C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +39-347-494-0910 (S.M.); +39-06-4458-5598 (A.Z.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Roberto Lavecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Zuorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +39-347-494-0910 (S.M.); +39-06-4458-5598 (A.Z.)
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195
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Wang F, Kong LM, Xie YY, Wang C, Wang XL, Wang YB, Fu LL, Zhou T. Purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of degraded polysaccharides from Porphyra yezoensis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13661. [PMID: 33595138 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The degraded polysaccharides from Porphyra yezoensis (DPPY) prepared using the H2 O2 -Vc method under optimized conditions were isolated and purified by DEAE Cellulose-52, and Sephadex G-100, providing four pure components, namely, DPPY-0, DPPY-0.1, DPPY-0.3, and DPPY-0.5. Their relative molecular weights were measured to be 10.8, 10.7, 18.7, and 35.5 kDa, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that all the four fractions were mainly composed of galactose, together with a small portion of glucose, mannose, xylose, and rhamnose. Structural analysis revealed that the purified polysaccharides mainly possess a backbone of (1 → 3)-β-D-galactose (1 → 4)-3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranose (G-A) units and (1 → 3)-β-D-galactose (1 → 4)-α-L-galactose-6-sulfate (G-L6S) units. They were found to promote the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages and enhance phagocytosis of the RAW264.7 cells. Antioxidant assays indicated that DPPY-0.5 possessed the most potent reducing power and free radical scavenging ability among the four purified polysaccharides. High sulfate content and proper molecular weight of these fractions are favorable to their immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Porphyra yezoensis, common economic red algae widely distributed in East Asian countries, contains a high content of polysaccharides with a variety of biological activities. However, P. yezoensis polysaccharide (PPY) has not been well utilized due to the relatively low biological activities and lack of understanding of its structure-activity relationship. Thus, it is necessary to improve the bioactivities and elucidate the structure-activity relationship of this polysaccharide for its practical use. In the present work, four purified fractions (DPPY-0, DPPY-0.1, DPPY-0.3, and DPPY-0.5) were isolated from the degraded P. yezoensis polysaccharide, and were investigated for their antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities. The results of the present work will lay a foundation for the application of the degraded P. yezoensis polysaccharide in the food industry as a functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Min Kong
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Faculty of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Lin Fu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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196
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Huang F, Sun XY, Chen XW, Ouyang JM. Effects of Selenized Astragalus Polysaccharide on the Adhesion and Endocytosis of Nanocalcium Oxalate Dihydrate after the Repair of Damaged HK-2 Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:739-751. [PMID: 33464816 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An oxidative damage model of human proximal renal epithelial cells (HK-2) was established using oxalate damage. The repair effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and selenized APS (Se-APS) on damaged HK-2 cells were investigated. Differences in the adhesion and endocytosis of HK-2 cells to calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals with a size of approximately 100 nm before and after APS and Se-APS repair were also explored. The results showed that after being repaired by APS and Se-APS, HK-2 cells exhibited increased cell viability, restored cell morphology, reduced reactive oxygen species level, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced phosphatidylserine eversion, and osteopontin expression. Moreover, the amount of adherent crystals on the cell surface decreased, but the amount of endocytic crystals increased. At the same concentration, Se-APS exhibited better repair effects on the damaged HK-2 cells than APS. All these findings revealed that Se-APS may be a potential drug candidate for inhibiting the formation of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xue-Wu Chen
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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197
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Abstract
Toxic metal contamination has serious effects on human health. Crude oil that may contain toxic metals and oil spills can further contaminate the environment and lead to increased exposure. This being the case, we chose to study the bio-production of inexpensive, environmentally safe materials for remediation. Streptomyces sp. MOE6 is a Gram-positive, filamentous bacterium from soil that produces an extracellular polysaccharide (MOE6-EPS). A one-factor-at-a-time experiments showed that the maximum production of MOE6-EPS was achieved at 35 °C, pH 6, after nine days of incubation with soluble starch and yeast extract as carbon sources and the latter as the nitrogen source. We demonstrated that MOE6-EPS has the capacity to remove toxic metals such as Co(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and U(VI) and from solution either by chelation and/or reduction. Additionally, the bacterium was found to produce siderophores, which contribute to the removal of metals, specifically Fe(III). Additionally, purified MOE6-EPS showed emulsifying activities against various hydrophobic substances, including olive oil, corn oil, benzene, toluene and engine oil. These results indicate that EPS from Streptomyces sp. MOE6 may be useful to sequester toxic metals and oil in contaminated environments.
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198
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Hu H, Yong H, Yao X, Yun D, Huang J, Liu J. Highly efficient synthesis and characterization of starch aldehyde-catechin conjugate with potent antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:13-25. [PMID: 33482201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cassava starch aldehyde was functionalized with catechin through acid catalyzed condensation reaction. The structural characterization, stability and antioxidant activity of starch aldehyde-catechin conjugates were investigated. Thin layer chromatography revealed the conjugates did not contain free catechin. UV-vis spectra of the conjugates exhibited an absorption band at 280 nm, attributing to the B-ring of catechin moiety. Fourier-transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the conjugation occurred between the H-6/H-8 of catechin A-ring and the aldehyde groups of starch aldehyde. X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the conjugates had an amorphous structure. Scanning electron microscopy showed the conjugates were fragmentary slices with rough surfaces. Notably, the conjugates were more stable than catechin in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). In addition, the conjugates could not be digested in simulated saliva, gastric and small intestinal juices. The reducing power and free radical scavenging activity of starch aldehyde were remarkably elevated by conjugating with catechin. Meanwhile, the conjugates were non-cytotoxic to RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells and possessed higher resistant starch contents than starch. Our results suggest starch aldehyde-catechin conjugates can be used as antioxidants in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Xiyu Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Dawei Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Jinbao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China.
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199
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Medlej MK, Batoul C, Olleik H, Li S, Hijazi A, Nasser G, Maresca M, Pochat-Bohatier C. Antioxidant Activity and Biocompatibility of Fructo-Polysaccharides Extracted from a Wild Species of Ornithogalum from Lebanon. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010068. [PMID: 33430440 PMCID: PMC7827233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the properties of biopolymers extracted from a Lebanese onion non edible plant. The extraction was performed under mild conditions by varying the percentage of ultra-sound (US) treatment duration to a total extraction time of 30 min (0, 50, 100% US). The extracts were characterized using FTIR, SEC, GC-MS, TGA, and DSC analyses. The composition of the extracts was determined from the total carbohydrate content and protein content measurements. The thermal analyses indicate that all samples have high thermal stability. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were investigated, using β-carotene bleaching, scavenging activity of ABTS, metal chelating ability, and total antioxidant activity tests. The results indicate that the 50% US treatment leads to the best antioxidant activity. Biocompatibility of the extracts was evaluated using hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays. The results showed that 0 and 50% US samples are not toxic to human cells, in contrary to 100% US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazem Medlej
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.K.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.)
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; (A.H.); (G.N.)
| | - Cherri Batoul
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.K.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.)
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; (A.H.); (G.N.)
| | - Hamza Olleik
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France; (H.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Suming Li
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.K.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; (A.H.); (G.N.)
| | - Ghassan Nasser
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; (A.H.); (G.N.)
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France; (H.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Céline Pochat-Bohatier
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.K.M.); (C.B.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-143-327
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Xie F, Wu M, Lai B, Halim M, Liu S, Shi D. Effects of redox interference on the pancreatic mitochondria and the abnormal blood glucose. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:119-130. [PMID: 33327807 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1866180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated as a contributor to both the onset and the progression of diabetes, however how does redox state affect diabetes has not been fully understood. Here we study the role of redox interference on pancreatic mitochondria and the progression of diabetes. We applied streptozotocin (STZ) to establish diabetes mellitus (DM) model in rats, applied FeSO4 to produce oxidative stress (OS) and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides as antioxidant intervention (AO). Our results showed that in OS and DM group, oxidative stress caused the imbalance of redox state, resulting in higher lipid peroxidation level and lower antioxidant level, while AO treatment group reduced blood glucose by repairing the redox balance. The insulin level has the order of Normal Control (NC)<AO < DM < OS, suggesting oxidative stress promoted insulin secretion in a compensatory mechanism. The Mn-SOD expression in OS groups of pancreas were significantly lower than other groups, while the p53 expression was significantly higher. The mitochondrial ultrastructure of pancreatic β cells were impaired in DM group, and the damage was more severe in OS group, paralleled with significantly reduced secretory granules, both of which were repaired in the AO group. Our results demonstrated that the redox state can affect the blood glucose of diabetic rats, and oxidative stress can aggravate diabetes, while the early antioxidant treatment can alleviate the process of diabetes through reversing the imbalance of redox state and repairing the pancreatic mitochondria. These results suggest that redox balance plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feizhou Xie
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Halim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Free Radical Regulation and Application Research Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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