151
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Manic G, Sistigu A, Corradi F, Musella M, De Maria R, Vitale I. Replication stress response in cancer stem cells as a target for chemotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:31-41. [PMID: 30081229 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of multipotent stem cells (SCs) responsible for the initiation, long-term clonal maintenance, growth and spreading of most human neoplasms. Reportedly, CSCs share a very robust DNA damage response (DDR) with embryonic and adult SCs, which allows them to survive endogenous and exogenous genotoxins. A range of experimental evidence indicates that CSCs have high but heterogeneous levels of replication stress (RS), arising from, and being boosted by, endogenous causes, such as specific genetic backgrounds (e.g., p53 deficiency) and/or aberrant karyotypes (e.g., supernumerary chromosomes). A multipronged RS response (RSR) is put in place by CSCs to limit and ensure tolerability to RS. The characteristics of such dedicated cascade have two opposite consequences, both relevant for cancer therapy. On the one hand, RSR efficiency often increases the reliance of CSCs on specific DDR components. On the other hand, the functional redundancy of pathways of the RSR can paradoxically promote the acquisition of resistance to RS- and/or DNA damage-inducing agents. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of the RSR in cancer cells and CSCs, focusing on the role of CHK1 and some emerging players, such as PARP1 and components of the homologous recombination repair, whose targeting can represent a long-term effective anti-CSC strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Manic
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University and Gemelli Polyclinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Musella
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University and Gemelli Polyclinic, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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152
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Pucci P, Rescigno P, Sumanasuriya S, de Bono J, Crea F. Hypoxia and Noncoding RNAs in Taxane Resistance. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:695-709. [PMID: 29891252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes are chemotherapeutic drugs employed in the clinic to treat a variety of malignancies. Despite their overall efficacy, cancer cells often display resistance to taxanes. Therefore, new strategies to increase the effectiveness of taxane-based chemotherapeutics are urgently needed. Multiple molecular players are linked to taxane resistance; these include efflux pumps, DNA repair mechanisms, and hypoxia-related pathways. In addition, emerging evidence indicates that both non-coding RNAs and epigenetic effectors might also be implicated in taxane resistance. Here we focus on the causes of taxane resistance, with the aim to envisage an integrated model of the 'taxane resistance phenome'. This model could help the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat taxane-resistant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pucci
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Semini Sumanasuriya
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Johann de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Francesco Crea
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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153
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Tanaka K, Goto H, Nishimura Y, Kasahara K, Mizoguchi A, Inagaki M. Tetraploidy in cancer and its possible link to aging. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2632-2640. [PMID: 29949679 PMCID: PMC6125447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy, a condition in which a cell has four homologous sets of chromosomes, is often seen as a natural physiological condition but is also frequently seen in pathophysiological conditions such as cancer. Tetraploidy facilitates chromosomal instability (CIN), which is an elevated level of chromosomal loss and gain that can cause production of a wide variety of aneuploid cells that carry structural and numerical aberrations of chromosomes. The resultant genomic heterogeneity supposedly expedites karyotypic evolution that confers oncogenic potential in spite of the reduced cellular fitness caused by aneuploidy. Recent studies suggest that tetraploidy might also be associated with aging; mice with mutations in an intermediate filament protein have revealed that these tetraploidy‐prone mice exhibit tissue disorders associated with aging. Cellular senescence and its accompanying senescence‐associated secretory phenotype have now emerged as critical factors that link tetraploidy and tetraploidy‐induced CIN with cancer, and possibly with aging. Here, we review recent findings about how tetraploidy is related to cancer and possibly to aging, and discuss underlying mechanisms of the relationship, as well as how we can exploit the properties of cells exhibiting tetraploidy‐induced CIN to control these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Goto
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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154
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Abstract
Polyploid cells, which contain multiple copies of the typically diploid genome, are widespread in plants and animals. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed or stress induced, and arises from either cell-cell fusion or a process known as endoreplication, in which cells replicate their DNA but either fail to complete cytokinesis or to progress through M phase entirely. Polyploidization offers cells several potential fitness benefits, including the ability to increase cell size and biomass production without disrupting cell and tissue structure, and allowing improved cell longevity through higher tolerance to genomic stress and apoptotic signals. Accordingly, recent studies have uncovered crucial roles for polyploidization in compensatory cell growth during tissue regeneration in the heart, liver, epidermis and intestine. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular pathways that generate polyploidy and discuss how polyploidization is used in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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155
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Dehydroepiandrosterone Induces Temozolomide Resistance Through Modulating Phosphorylation and Acetylation of Sp1 in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2301-2313. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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156
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Dong LQ, Shi Y, Ma LJ, Yang LX, Wang XY, Zhang S, Wang ZC, Duan M, Zhang Z, Liu LZ, Zheng BH, Ding ZB, Ke AW, Gao DM, Yuan K, Zhou J, Fan J, Xi R, Gao Q. Spatial and temporal clonal evolution of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2018; 69:89-98. [PMID: 29551704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second-most lethal primary liver cancer. Little is known about intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and its impact on ICC progression. We aimed to investigate the ITH of ICC in the hope of helping to develop new therapeutic strategies. METHODS We obtained 69 spatially distinct regions from six operable ICCs. Patient-derived primary cancer cells (PDPCs) were established for each region, followed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and multi-level validation. RESULTS We observed widespread ITH for both somatic mutations and clonal architecture, shaped by multiple mechanisms, like clonal "illusion", parallel evolution and chromosome instability. A median of 60.3% of mutations were heterogeneous, among which 85% of the driver mutations were located on the branches of tumor phylogenetic trees. Many truncal and clonal driver mutations occurred in tumor suppressor genes, such as TP53, SMARCB1 and PBRM1 that are involved in DNA repair and chromatin-remodeling. Genome doubling occurred in most cases (5/6) after the accumulation of truncal mutations and was shared by all intratumoral sub-regions. In all cases, ongoing chromosomal instability is evident throughout the evolutionary trajectory of ICC. The recurrence of ICC1239 provided evidence to support the polyclonal metastatic seeding in ICC. The change of mutation landscape and internal diversity among subclones during metastasis, such as the loss of chemoresistance mediator, can be used for new treatment strategies. Targeted therapy against truncal alterations, such as IDH1, JAK1, and KRAS mutations and EGFR amplification, was developed in 5/6 patients. CONCLUSIONS Integrated investigations of spatial ITH and clonal evolution may provide an important molecular foundation for enhanced understanding of tumorigenesis and progression in ICC. LAY SUMMARY We applied multiregional whole-exome sequencing to investigate the evolution of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The results revealed that many factors, such as parallel evolution and chromosome instability, may participate and promote the branch diversity of ICC. Interestingly, in one patient with primary and recurrent metastatic tumors, we found evidence of polyclonal metastatic seeding, indicating that symbiotic communities of multiple clones existed and were maintained during metastasis. More realistically, some truncal alterations, such as IDH1, JAK1, and KRAS mutations and EGFR amplification, could be promising treatment targets in patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Qing Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li-Jie Ma
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liu-Xiao Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng Duan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long-Zi Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo-Hao Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- School of Computing Science and Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ruibin Xi
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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157
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Sakthianandeswaren A, Parsons MJ, Mouradov D, MacKinnon RN, Catimel B, Liu S, Palmieri M, Love C, Jorissen RN, Li S, Whitehead L, Putoczki TL, Preaudet A, Tsui C, Nowell CJ, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Desai J, Gibbs P, Ernst M, Street I, Buchert M, Sieber OM. MACROD2 Haploinsufficiency Impairs Catalytic Activity of PARP1 and Promotes Chromosome Instability and Growth of Intestinal Tumors. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:988-1005. [PMID: 29880585 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an important posttranslational protein modification that regulates diverse biological processes, controlled by dedicated transferases and hydrolases. Here, we show that frequent deletions (∼30%) of the MACROD2 mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase locus in human colorectal cancer cause impaired PARP1 transferase activity in a gene dosage-dependent manner. MACROD2 haploinsufficiency alters DNA repair and sensitivity to DNA damage and results in chromosome instability. Heterozygous and homozygous depletion of Macrod2 enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice and the growth of human colorectal cancer xenografts. MACROD2 deletion in sporadic colorectal cancer is associated with the extent of chromosome instability, independent of clinical parameters and other known genetic drivers. We conclude that MACROD2 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, with loss of function promoting chromosome instability, thereby driving cancer evolution.Significance: Chromosome instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer. We identify MACROD2 deletion as a cause of CIN in human colorectal cancer. MACROD2 loss causes repression of PARP1 activity, impairing DNA repair. MACROD2 haploinsufficiency promotes CIN and intestinal tumor growth. Our results reveal MACROD2 as a major caretaker tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 988-1005. ©2018 AACR.See related commentary by Jin and Burkard, p. 921This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie J Parsons
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth N MacKinnon
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne (St Vincent's Hospital), Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheng Liu
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Love
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert N Jorissen
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cary Tsui
- Histology Facility, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, The Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hawkins
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Street
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics Cooperative Research Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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158
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Cancer: a CINful evolution. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 52:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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159
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Drouet Y, Treilleux I, Viari A, Léon S, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Voirin N, de la Fouchardière C, Manship B, Puisieux A, Lasset C, Moyret-Lalle C. Integrated analysis highlights APC11 protein expression as a likely new independent predictive marker for colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7386. [PMID: 29743633 PMCID: PMC5943309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), approximately 50% of patients will present distant metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in treatments, most of them will die from the disease. We investigated the predictive and prognostic potential of APC11, the catalytic subunit of APC/C, which has never been examined in the context of CRC. The expression of APC11 was assessed in CRC cell lines, in tissue microarrays (TMAs) and in public datasets. Overexpression of APC11 mRNA was associated with chromosomal instability, lymphovascular invasion and residual tumor. Regression models accounting for the effects of well-known protein markers highlighted association of APC11 protein expression with residual tumor (odds ratio: OR = 6.51; 95% confidence intervals: CI = 1.54–27.59; P = 0.012) and metastasis at diagnosis (OR = 3.87; 95% CI = 1.20–2.45; P = 0.024). Overexpression of APC11 protein was also associated with worse distant relapse-free survival (hazard ratio: HR = 2.60; 95% CI = 1.26–5.37; P = 0.01) and worse overall survival (HR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.31–5.51; P = 0.007). APC11 overexpression in primary CRC thus represents a potentially novel theranostic marker of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youenn Drouet
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon, F-69373, France
| | | | - Alain Viari
- INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655 Avenue de l'Europe, 38330, Montbonnot, Saint Martin, France.,Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique 'Gilles Thomas' Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Léon
- Centre Léon Bérard, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France.,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Nicolas Voirin
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service d'Hygiéne, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Lyon, F-69437, France
| | | | | | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France.,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Lasset
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon, F-69373, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France. .,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
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160
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Viganó C, von Schubert C, Ahrné E, Schmidt A, Lorber T, Bubendorf L, De Vetter JRF, Zaman GJR, Storchova Z, Nigg EA. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic comparison of human colon cancer DLD-1 cells differing in ploidy and chromosome stability. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1031-1047. [PMID: 29496963 PMCID: PMC5921571 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-10-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aneuploidy is poorly tolerated during embryogenesis, aneuploidy and whole chromosomal instability (CIN) are common hallmarks of cancer, raising the question of how cancer cells can thrive in spite of chromosome aberrations. Here we present a comprehensive and quantitative proteomics analysis of isogenic DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells lines, aimed at identifying cellular responses to changes in ploidy and/or CIN. Specifically, we compared diploid (2N) and tetraploid (4N) cells with posttetraploid aneuploid (PTA) clones and engineered trisomic clones. Our study provides a comparative data set on the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of the above cell lines, comprising several thousand proteins and phosphopeptides. In comparison to the parental 2N line, we observed changes in proteins associated with stress responses and with interferon signaling. Although we did not detect a conspicuous protein signature associated with CIN, we observed many changes in phosphopeptides that relate to fundamental cellular processes, including mitotic progression and spindle function. Most importantly, we found that most changes detectable in PTA cells were already present in the 4N progenitor line. This suggests that activation of mitotic pathways through hyper-phosphorylation likely constitutes an important response to chromosomal burden. In line with this conclusion, cells with extensive chromosome gains showed differential sensitivity toward a number of inhibitors targeting cell cycle kinases, suggesting that the efficacy of anti-mitotic drugs may depend on the karyotype of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik Ahrné
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Lorber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Guido J. R. Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., 5340 Oss, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erich A. Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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161
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Shimono J, Miyoshi H, Kiyasu J, Kamimura T, Eto T, Miyagishima T, Nagafuji K, Seto M, Teshima T, Ohshima K. Clinicopathological analysis of polyploid diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194525. [PMID: 29641580 PMCID: PMC5894967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploid chromosomes are those with more than two sets of homologous chromosomes. Polyploid chromosomal abnormalities are observed in various malignant tumors. The prognosis in such cases is generally poor. However, there are no studies examining the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with polyploid chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, we statistically compared the clinicopathological features between polyploid DLBCL and DLBCL without polyploid abnormalities. Herein, 51 polyploid DLBCL and 53 control (without polyploid chromosomal abnormalities) cases were examined. G-banding method was employed to define polyploidy by cytogenetic analysis. Subsequently, flow cytometric immunophenotyping and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Polyploid DLBCL was defined as DLBCL with either near-tetraploid or greater number of chromosomes, as detected by the G-band. In a survival analysis, a significantly worse overall survival (OS) was observed for polyploid DLBCL (p = 0.04; p = 0.02 in cases who received R-CHOP regimens). In a multivariate analysis of OS, polyploid chromosomal abnormalities were an independent prognostic factor. Our results suggest that polyploid chromosomal abnormalities detected through G-band may represent a new poor prognostic factor for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Shimono
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Junichi Kiyasu
- Department of Hematology, Iizuka hospital, Iizuka, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Koji Nagafuji
- Department of Hematology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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162
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Libouban MAA, de Roos JADM, Uitdehaag JCM, Willemsen-Seegers N, Mainardi S, Dylus J, de Man J, Tops B, Meijerink JPP, Storchová Z, Buijsman RC, Medema RH, Zaman GJR. Stable aneuploid tumors cells are more sensitive to TTK inhibition than chromosomally unstable cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38309-38325. [PMID: 28415765 PMCID: PMC5503534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase TTK causes chromosome mis-segregation and tumor cell death. However, high levels of TTK correlate with chromosomal instability (CIN), which can lead to aneuploidy. We show that treatment of tumor cells with the selective small molecule TTK inhibitor NTRC 0066-0 overrides the mitotic checkpoint, irrespective of cell line sensitivity. In stable aneuploid cells NTRC 0066-0 induced acute CIN, whereas in cells with high levels of pre-existing CIN there was only a small additional fraction of cells mis-segregating their chromosomes. In proliferation assays stable aneuploid cells were more sensitive than cell lines with pre-existing CIN. Tetraploids are thought to be an intermediate between diploid and unstable aneuploid cells. TTK inhibitors had the same potency on post-tetraploid and parental diploid cells, which is remarkable because the post-tetraploids are more resistant to mitotic drugs. Finally, we confirm that the reference compound reversine is a TTK inhibitor and like NTRC 0066-0, inhibits the proliferation of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids. In contrast, treatment with TTK inhibitor did not reduce the viability of non-proliferating T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells samples. Consequently, TTK inhibitor therapy is expected to spare non-dividing cells, and may be used to target stable aneuploid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion A A Libouban
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Sara Mainardi
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Dylus
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Jos de Man
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Tops
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rogier C Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss, The Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J R Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss, The Netherlands
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163
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Limited impact of intratumour heterogeneity on molecular risk assignment in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25542-25551. [PMID: 28424422 PMCID: PMC5421949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individual prediction of tumour behaviour based on molecular markers may refine adjuvant treatment strategies in endometrial cancer (EC). As these molecular alterations are determined in a small tumour fraction, high intratumour heterogeneity may interfere with correct risk prediction. This study aimed to investigate to which extent intratumour heterogeneity exists for molecular markers and whether it affects the molecular risk assignment in EC. Methods Forty-nine ECs (three tumour blocks/case) were selected with alterations in POLE (n=10), CTNNB1 (n=8), p53 (n=10), mismatch repair (n=11), L1CAM (n=10), and ECs without any of these markers (n=9). Nine ECs carried more than one molecular marker. All 147 blocks were analysed for POLE exonuclease domain and CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations, and for p53, mismatch repair and L1CAM protein expression. All blocks were assigned to a favourable, intermediate or unfavourable risk group, based on a molecular risk assignment. RESULTS Concordance between the three tumour blocks for POLE and CTNNB1 mutational status, and p53, mismatch repair and L1CAM protein expression was found in 100% (48/48), 95.9% (47/49), 93.9% (46/49), 98.0% (48/49), and 91.8% (45/49) of tumours, respectively. These discordances were found in a total of nine cases (18.4%). The intratumour heterogeneity impacted the risk assignment in five cases (10.2%). Conclusion Intratumour heterogeneity of prognostic molecular markers in EC without morphologic heterogeneity is uncommon among three tumour fractions, affecting the molecular risk allocation in a limited number of cases. This low intratumour heterogeneity facilitates the implementation of the molecular risk assignment, advocating its use in clinical decision making.
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164
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Cordeiro MH, Smith RJ, Saurin AT. A fine balancing act: A delicate kinase-phosphatase equilibrium that protects against chromosomal instability and cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:148-156. [PMID: 29108876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire signalling networks to acquire specific hallmarks needed for their proliferation, survival, and dissemination throughout the body. Although this is often associated with the constitutive activation or inactivation of protein phosphorylation networks, there are other contexts when the dysregulation must be much milder. For example, chromosomal instability is a widespread cancer hallmark that relies on subtle defects in chromosome replication and/or division, such that these processes remain functional, but nevertheless error-prone. In this article, we will discuss how perturbations to the delicate kinase-phosphatase balance could lie at the heart of this type of dysregulation. In particular, we will explain how the two principle mechanisms that safeguard the chromosome segregation process rely on an equilibrium between at least two kinases and two phosphatases to function correctly. This balance is set during mitosis by a central complex that has also been implicated in chromosomal instability - the BUB1/BUBR1/BUB3 complex - and we will put forward a hypothesis that could link these two findings. This could be relevant for cancer treatment because most tumours have evolved by pushing the boundaries of chromosomal instability to the limit. If this involves subtle changes to the kinase-phosphatase equilibrium, then it may be possible to exacerbate these defects and tip tumour cells over the edge, whilst still maintaining the viability of healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Henriques Cordeiro
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Richard John Smith
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Adrian Thomas Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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165
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Sansregret L, Vanhaesebroeck B, Swanton C. Determinants and clinical implications of chromosomal instability in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:139-150. [PMID: 29297505 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant chromosomal architecture, ranging from small insertions or deletions to large chromosomal alterations, is one of the most common characteristics of cancer genomes. Chromosomal instability (CIN) underpins much of the intratumoural heterogeneity observed in cancers and drives phenotypic adaptation during tumour evolution. Thus, an urgent need exists to increase our efforts to target CIN as if it were a molecular entity. Indeed, CIN accelerates the development of anticancer drug resistance, often leading to treatment failure and disease recurrence, which limit the effectiveness of most current therapies. Identifying novel strategies to modulate CIN and to exploit the fitness cost associated with aneuploidy in cancer is, therefore, of paramount importance for the successful treatment of cancer. Modern sequencing and analytical methods greatly facilitate the identification and cataloguing of somatic copy-number alterations and offer new possibilities to better exploit the dynamic process of CIN. In this Review, we describe the principles governing CIN propagation in cancer and how CIN might influence sensitivity to immune-checkpoint inhibition, and survey the vulnerabilities associated with CIN that offer potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Sansregret
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London NW1 1AT, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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166
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Aleskandarany MA, Vandenberghe ME, Marchiò C, Ellis IO, Sapino A, Rakha EA. Tumour Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer: From Morphology to Personalised Medicine. Pathobiology 2018; 85:23-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000477851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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167
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Nishimura Y. Losmapimod: A Novel Clinical Drug to Overcome Gefitinib-Resistance. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:2-3. [PMID: 29396298 PMCID: PMC5835558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Nishimura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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168
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Yeung YT, Yin S, Lu B, Fan S, Yang R, Bai R, Zhang C, Bode AM, Liu K, Dong Z. Losmapimod Overcomes Gefitinib Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Preventing Tetraploidization. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:51-61. [PMID: 29398601 PMCID: PMC5835564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to play a critical role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Constitutively active EGFR mutations, including in-frame deletion in exon 19 and L858R point mutation in exon 21, contribute about 90% of all EGFR-activating mutations in NSCLC. Although oral EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, show dramatic clinical efficacy with significantly prolonged progression-free survival in patients harboring these EGFR-activating mutations, most of these patients will eventually develop acquired resistance. Researchers have recently named genomic instability as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Genomic instability usually involves a transient phase of polyploidization, in particular tetraploidization. Tetraploid cells can undergo asymmetric cell division or chromosome loss, leading to tumor heterogeneity and multidrug resistance. Therefore, identification of signaling pathways involved in tetraploidization is crucial in overcoming drug resistance. In our present study, we found that gefitinib could activate YAP-MKK3/6-p38 MAPK-STAT3 signaling and induce tetraploidization in gefitinib-resistance cells. Using p38 MAPK inhibitors, SB203580 and losmapimod, we could eliminate gefitinib-induced tetraploidization and overcome gefitinib-resistance. In addition, shRNA approach to knockdown p38α MAPK could prevent tetraploidy formation and showed significant inhibition of cancer cell growth. Finally, in an in vivo study, losmapimod could successfully overcome gefitinib resistance using an in-house established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model. Overall, these findings suggest that losmapimod could be a potential clinical agent to overcome gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. Gefitinib induces tetraploidy formation in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells YAP-MKK3/6-p38 MAPK signaling is essential for tetraploidization Losmapimod, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, overcomes gefitinib-resistance both in vitro and PDX xenograft mode
Gefitinib is a targeted drug therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which shows dramatic clinical efficacy. However, most of these patients eventually develop drug resistance. Although researchers have identified different mechanisms contributing to the drug resistance, developing a single therapy to overcome the drug resistance remains difficult. In this study, we find that tetraploidization of cancer cells through YAP-MKK3/6-p38 MAPK signaling could be one of the common mechanisms in developing the drug resistance. By using losmapimod, we could eliminate tetraploidization and overcome gefitinib resistance in an animal model suggesting that losmapimod could be a potential clinical agent to overcome gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu To Yeung
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Shuying Yin
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suyu Fan
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ran Yang
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruihua Bai
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengjuan Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center, Cancer Chemoprevention of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center, Cancer Chemoprevention of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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169
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Vargas-Rondón N, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. The Role of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer and Therapeutic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 10:cancers10010004. [PMID: 29283387 PMCID: PMC5789354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and despite increased research in recent years, control of advanced-stage disease and optimal therapeutic responses remain elusive. Recent technological improvements have increased our understanding of human cancer as a heterogeneous disease. For instance, four hallmarks of cancer have recently been included, which in addition to being involved in cancer development, could be involved in therapeutic responses and resistance. One of these hallmarks is chromosome instability (CIN), a source of genetic variation in either altered chromosome number or structure. CIN has become a hot topic in recent years, not only for its implications in cancer diagnostics and prognostics, but also for its role in therapeutic responses. Chromosomal alterations are mainly used to determine genetic heterogeneity in tumors, but CIN could also reveal treatment efficacy, as many therapies are based on increasing CIN, which causes aberrant cells to undergo apoptosis. However, it should be noted that contradictory findings on the implications of CIN for the therapeutic response have been reported, with some studies associating high CIN with a better therapeutic response and others associating it with therapeutic resistance. Considering these observations, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the role CIN plays not only in tumor development, but also in therapeutic responses. This review focuses on recent studies that suggest possible mechanisms and consequences of CIN in different disease types, with a primary focus on cancer outcomes and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vargas-Rondón
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
| | - Victoria E Villegas
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
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170
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Yang B, Yan T, Cui H, Xu E, Ma Y, Cheng C, Zhang L, Kong P, Wang F, Qian Y, Yang J, Li Y, Li H, Bi Y, Hu X, Wang J, Song B, Yang J, Gao W, Liu J, Zou B, Shi R, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhai Y, Chang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Chen X, Xi Y, Li G, Liang J, Guo J, Guo S, Zhang R, Cheng X, Cui Y. The macro-evolutionary events in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112770-112782. [PMID: 29348864 PMCID: PMC5762549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary processes operative in cancer genome may provide insights into clinical outcome and drug-resistance. However, studies focus on genomic signatures, especially for macro-evolutionary events, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. Here, we integrated published genomic sequencing data to investigate underlying evolutionary characteristics in ESCC. We found most of ESCC genomes were polyploidy with high genomic instability. Whole genome doubling that acts as one of mechanisms for polyploidy was predicted as a late event in the majority of ESCC genome. Moreover, loss of heterozygosity events were more likely to occur in chromosomes harboring tumor suppressor genes in ESCC. The 40% of neutral loss of heterozygosity events was not a result of genome doubling, suggesting an alternative mechanism for neutral loss of heterozygosity formation. Importantly, deconstruction of copy number alterations extending to telomere revealed that telomere-bounded copy number alterations play a critical role for amplification/deletion of oncogenes/suppressor genes. For well-known genes SOX2, PIK3CA and TERT, nearly all of their amplifications were telomere bounded, which was further confirmed in a Japanese ESCC cohort. Furthermore, we provide evidence that karyotype evolution was mostly punctuated in ESCC. Collectively, our data reveal the potential biological role of whole genome doubling, neutral loss of heterozygosity and telomere-bounded copy number alterations, and highlight mecro-evolution in ESCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Tumor Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Enwei Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caixia Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengzhou Kong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaoping Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanghui Bi
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Song
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Binbin Zou
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruyi Shi
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiwu Jia
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Endoscopy, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shiping Guo
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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171
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Jun DY, Lee JY, Park HS, Lee YH, Kim YH. Tumor suppressor protein p53-mediated repression of human mitotic centromere-associated kinesin gene expression is exerted via down-regulation of Sp1 level. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189698. [PMID: 29244835 PMCID: PMC5731752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The repressive role of p53 on the human mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) core promoter from ‒266 to +54, relative to the transcription start site, has been determined. The MCAK mRNA and protein levels were 2.1- and 3.0-fold higher, respectively, in HCT116 (p53‒/‒) than in HCT116 (p53+/+) cells. Enforced down-regulation of p53 levels either in HCT116 (p53+/+) cells by p53 RNAi treatment or in MCF-7 cells using shRNA for p53 (shp53) resulted in a remarkable increase in the MCAK protein level. Site-directed mutagenesis and ChIP analyses showed that p53-mediated repression of the MCAK core promoter activity was not directly exerted by p53-binding to putative p53-response elements (p53-RE1 at −173/−166 and p53-RE2 at −245/−238), but indirectly by attenuating Sp1 binding to GC-motifs (GC1 at −93/−84 and GC2 at −119/−110). Treatment of HEK-293 cells bearing the MCAK core promoter-reporter (pGL2-320-Luc) with mithramycin A, which down-regulates Sp1 gene expression, reduced the promoter activity as well as endogenous MCAK levels. Exposure of HCT116 (p53+/+) cells to nutlin-3a, a validated activator of p53, caused a simultaneous reduction in Sp1 and MCAK protein levels, but not in HCT116 (p53−/−) cells. In contrast to wild-type (wt)-p53, tumor-derived p53 mutants (p53V143A, p53R248W, and p53R273H) failed to repress the Sp1-dependent activation of the MCAK promoter and to down-regulate endogenous levels of Sp1 and MCAK proteins. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that p53 can repress MCAK promoter activity indirectly via down-regulation of Sp1 expression level, and suggest that MCAK elevation in human tumor cells might be due to p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Youn Jun
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae Sun Park
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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172
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Adaptive Resistance to an Inhibitor of Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1755-1763. [PMID: 27829147 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Karyotype diversity is a hallmark of solid tumors that contributes to intratumor heterogeneity. This diversity is generated by persistent chromosome mis-segregation associated with chromosomal instability (CIN). CIN correlates with tumor relapse and is thought to promote drug resistance by creating a vast genomic landscape through which karyotypically unique clones survive lethal drug selection. We explore this proposition using a small molecule (UMK57) that suppresses chromosome mis-segregation in CIN cancer cells by potentiating the activity of the kinesin-13 protein MCAK. Sublethal doses of UMK57 destabilize kinetochore-microtubule (k-MT) attachments during mitosis to increase chromosome segregation fidelity. Surprisingly, chromosome mis-segregation rebounds in UMK57-treated cancer cells within a few days. This rapid relapse is driven by alterations in the Aurora B signaling pathway that hyper-stabilize k-MT attachments and is reversible following UMK57 removal. Thus, cancer cells display adaptive resistance to therapies targeting CIN through rapid and reversible changes to mitotic signaling networks.
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173
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Kasiappan R, Rajarajan D. Role of MicroRNA Regulation in Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer: Nutritional Perspectives. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:868-888. [PMID: 29141971 PMCID: PMC5682994 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women, and the incidence of breast cancer is increasing every year. Obesity has been identified as one of the major risk factors for breast cancer progression. The mechanisms by which obesity contributes to breast cancer development is not yet understood; however, there are a few mechanisms counted as potential producers of breast cancer in obesity, including insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and sex hormones. Recent emerging evidence suggests that alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expressions are found in several diseases, including breast cancer and obesity; however, miRNA roles in obesity-linked breast cancer are beginning to unravel. miRNAs are thought to be potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients with comorbid conditions of obesity as well as therapeutic targets. Recent studies have evidenced that nutrients and other dietary factors protect against cancer and obesity through modulation of miRNA expressions. Herein, we summarize a comprehensive overview of up-to-date information related to miRNAs and their molecular targets involved in obesity-associated breast cancer. We also address the mechanisms by which dietary factors modulate miRNA expression and its protective roles in obesity-associated breast cancer. It is hoped that this review would provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity-associated breast cancer to reduce the burden of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kasiappan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dheeran Rajarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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174
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Rausch V, Krieg A, Camps J, Behrens B, Beier M, Wangsa D, Heselmeyer-Haddad K, Baldus SE, Knoefel WT, Ried T, Stoecklein NH. Array comparative genomic hybridization of 18 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and their autologous metastases. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:560. [PMID: 29110683 PMCID: PMC5674747 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rates of pancreatic cancer remain high, which is mainly due to advanced disease and metastasis. We hypothesized that genomic copy number alterations are enriched in metastatic cells compared to autologous primary tumors, which may inform on cancer-related pathways possibly serving as potential targets for specific therapies. We investigated 18 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, including 39 lymph node and 5 distant metastases after surgical resection. Analysis was performed with array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). RESULTS Metastases acquire a higher frequency of copy number alterations with the highest in distant metastasis (median = 42, lymph node metastases: median = 23, primary tumors: median = 17). In lymph node metastases, gains were prevalent on chromosome bands 8q11.23-q24.3, 12q14.1, 17p12.1, 21q22.12, and losses on 3p21.31, 4p14, 8p23.3-p11.21,17p12-11.2. Genes on amplified regions are involved in cancer-related pathways such as WNT-signaling, also involved in metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancers show a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity, which could lead to resistance of chemotherapy and worse outcome. ACGH analysis reveals regions preferentially gained or lost in synchronous metastases encoding for genes involved in cancer-related pathways, which could lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Rausch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jordi Camps
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Present Address: Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bianca Behrens
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Beier
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kerstin Heselmeyer-Haddad
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stephan E. Baldus
- Department of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nikolas H. Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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175
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Thompson LL, Jeusset LMP, Lepage CC, McManus KJ. Evolving Therapeutic Strategies to Exploit Chromosome Instability in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110151. [PMID: 29104272 PMCID: PMC5704169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that claims over 8 million lives each year. Understanding the molecular etiology of the disease is critical to identify and develop new therapeutic strategies and targets. Chromosome instability (CIN) is an abnormal phenotype, characterized by progressive numerical and/or structural chromosomal changes, which is observed in virtually all cancer types. CIN generates intratumoral heterogeneity, drives cancer development, and promotes metastatic progression, and thus, it is associated with highly aggressive, drug-resistant tumors and poor patient prognosis. As CIN is observed in both primary and metastatic lesions, innovative strategies that exploit CIN may offer therapeutic benefits and better outcomes for cancer patients. Unfortunately, exploiting CIN remains a significant challenge, as the aberrant mechanisms driving CIN and their causative roles in cancer have yet to be fully elucidated. The development and utilization of CIN-exploiting therapies is further complicated by the associated risks for off-target effects and secondary cancers. Accordingly, this review will assess the strengths and limitations of current CIN-exploiting therapies, and discuss emerging strategies designed to overcome these challenges to improve outcomes and survival for patients diagnosed with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Lucile M-P Jeusset
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Chloe C Lepage
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
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176
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Birkness JE, Spada NG, Miller C, Luketich JD, Nason KS, Sun W, Davison JM. Extreme chromosome 17 copy number instability is a prognostic factor in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:28-34. [PMID: 28913947 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and esophageal cancers frequently show genomic instability and aneuploidy. Chromosomal copy number instability (CIN) is a form of genomic instability that exerts pleiotropic effects on cellular biology and is a source of genetic heterogeneity in a population of cells. CIN results in cell-to-cell variation in chromosome copy number which can be detected and quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CIN is a biomarker associated with differential response to a number of chemotherapy compounds. We quantified chromosome 17 copy number instability (CIN-17) in 348 gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas by centromeric FISH in cases that were tested for HER2 amplification. We evaluated the association between CIN-17 and clinical outcome after surgical and nonsurgical treatment. CIN-17 was detected in 45.4% (158/348) and extreme CIN-17 in 28.4% (99/348). Extreme CIN-17 had no association with outcome in surgically treated patients. However, in patients treated with conventional radiation and/or chemotherapy, extreme CIN-17 was associated with 55% reduction in overall mortality (hazard ratio, 0.448; 95% confidence interval, 0.263-0.763) after adjusting for age and clinical stage at diagnosis. Extreme CIN-17 is detected in over a quarter of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas and is a favorable prognostic marker in patients treated nonoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neal G Spada
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Caitlyn Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie S Nason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Weijing Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jon M Davison
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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177
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Mohr L, Carceles-Cordon M, Woo J, Cordon-Cardo C, Domingo-Domenech J, Rodriguez-Bravo V. Generation of Prostate Cancer Cell Models of Resistance to the Anti-mitotic Agent Docetaxel. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930981 PMCID: PMC5607877 DOI: 10.3791/56327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are a mainstay in the treatment of a wide range of tumors. However, acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a common mechanism of disease progression and a prognostic-determinant feature of malignant tumors. In prostate cancer (PC), resistance to MTAs such as the taxane Docetaxel dictates treatment failure as well as progression towards lethal stages of disease that are defined by a poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Though studied for decades, the array of mechanisms contributing to acquired resistance are not completely understood, and thus pose a significant limitation to the development of new therapeutic strategies that could benefit patients in these advanced stages of disease. In this protocol, we describe the generation of Docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines that mimic lethal features of late-stage prostate cancer, and therefore can be used to study the mechanisms by which acquired chemoresistance arises. Despite potential limitations intrinsic to a cell based model, such as the loss of resistance properties over time, the Docetaxel-resistant cell lines produced by this method have been successfully used in recent studies and offer the opportunity to advance our molecular understanding of acquired chemoresistance in lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mohr
- Department of Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Department of Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Jungreem Woo
- Department of Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai;
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178
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Zhou YH, Chen Y, Hu Y, Yu L, Tran K, Giedzinski E, Ru N, Gau A, Pan F, Qiao J, Atkin N, Ly KC, Lee N, Siegel ER, Linskey ME, Wang P, Limoli C. The role of EGFR double minutes in modulating the response of malignant gliomas to radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80853-80868. [PMID: 29113349 PMCID: PMC5655244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR amplification in cells having double minute chromosomes (DM) is commonly found in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, how much it contributes to the current failure to treat GBM successfully is unknown. We studied two syngeneic primary cultures derived from a GBM with and without cells carrying DM, for their differential molecular and metabolic profiles, in vivo growth patterns, and responses to irradiation (IR). Each cell line has a distinct molecular profile consistent with an invasive “go” (with DM) or angiogenic “grow” phenotype (without DM) demonstrated in vitro and in intracranial xenograft models. Cells with DM were relatively radio-resistant and used higher glycolytic respiration and lower oxidative phosphorylation in comparison to cells without them. The DM-containing cell was able to restore tumor heterogeneity by mis-segregation of the DM-chromosomes, giving rise to cell subpopulations without them. As a response to IR, DM-containing cells switched their respiration from glycolic metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation and shifted molecular profiles towards that of cells without DM. Irradiated cells with DM showed the capacity to alter their extracellular microenvironment to not only promote invasiveness of the surrounding cells, regardless of DM status, but also to create a pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment. IR of cells without DM was found primarily to increase extracellular MMP2 activity. Overall, our data suggest that the DM-containing cells of GBM are responsible for tumor recurrence due to their high invasiveness and radio-resistance and the mis-segregation of their DM chromosomes, to give rise to fast-growing cells lacking DM chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Zhou
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yumay Chen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yuanjie Hu
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ning Ru
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alex Gau
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Francine Pan
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiao Qiao
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Atkin
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Khang Chi Ly
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mark E Linskey
- UC Irvine Brain Tumor Laboratory and Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charles Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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179
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McClelland SE. Role of chromosomal instability in cancer progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T23-T31. [PMID: 28696210 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often display chromosomal instability (CIN), a defect that involves loss or rearrangement of the cell's genetic material - chromosomes - during cell division. This process results in the generation of aneuploidy, a deviation from the haploid number of chromosomes, and structural alterations of chromosomes in over 90% of solid tumours and many haematological cancers. This trait is unique to cancer cells as normal cells in the body generally strictly maintain the correct number and structure of chromosomes. This key difference between cancer and normal cells has led to two important hypotheses: (i) cancer cells have had to overcome inherent barriers to changes in chromosomes that are not tolerated in non-cancer cells and (ii) CIN represents a cancer-specific target to allow the specific elimination of cancer cells from the body. To exploit these hypotheses and design novel approaches to treat cancer, a full understanding of the mechanisms driving CIN and how CIN contributes to cancer progression is required. Here, we will discuss the possible mechanisms driving chromosomal instability, how CIN may contribute to the progression at multiple stages of tumour evolution and possible future therapeutic directions based on targeting cancer chromosomal instability.
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180
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Venkatesan S, Swanton C, Taylor BS, Costello JF. Treatment-Induced Mutagenesis and Selective Pressures Sculpt Cancer Evolution. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a026617. [PMID: 28289245 PMCID: PMC5538404 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great progress in our understanding of the molecular basis of human cancer, the heterogeneity of individual tumors and the evolutionary pressures imposed by therapy have hampered our ability to effectively eradicate and control this disease. How, therefore, do cancers evolve under the selective pressures of cancer therapy? Recent studies have linked both primary (or de novo) and acquired treatment resistance to intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution. Resistance to targeted therapies often includes mutation of the drug target itself and aberrations of pathways upstream of, downstream from, or parallel to the drug target. For systemic chemotherapies, discrete and recurrent resistance-conferring genetic aberrations have eluded the community, due in part to their wide-ranging mutagenic effects. In this review, we discuss different patterns of clonal evolution during treatment-specific selective pressures and focus on the genetic mechanisms of treatment resistance that have emerged to both targeted therapies and chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Venkatesan
- UCL Cancer Institute, CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- UCL Cancer Institute, CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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181
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Yang B, Luo L, Luo W, Zhou Y, Yang C, Xiong T, Li X, Meng X, Li L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wang Z. The genomic dynamics during progression of lung adenocarcinomas. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:783-788. [PMID: 28381877 PMCID: PMC5537414 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity is a big barrier to precision medicine. To explore the underlying clonal diversity in lung adenocarcinomas, we selected nine individuals with whole-genome sequencing data from primary and matched metastatic tumors as a cohort for study. Similar global pattern of arm-level copy number changes and large variations of somatic single-nucleotide variant between the primary and metastasis are observed in the majority of cases. Importantly, we found breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles acting as an important mechanism for underlying cancer gene amplification, such as amplification of CDK4, CDKN3 and FGFR1 in early stage. We also identified recurrent focal amplification of gene CCNY derived from BFB in two metastatic tumors, but not in primary tumor. Clonal analysis of case 236T demonstrated that mutational processes are varying with tumor progression. Collectively, our data provide new insights into genetic diversity and potential therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Breast surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Wen Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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182
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Chen W, Robertson AJ, Ganesamoorthy D, Coin LJM. sCNAphase: using haplotype resolved read depth to genotype somatic copy number alterations from low cellularity aneuploid tumors. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e34. [PMID: 27903916 PMCID: PMC5389684 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of copy number alterations is an essential step in understanding the events driving tumor progression. While a variety of algorithms have been developed to use high-throughput sequencing data to profile copy number changes, no tool is able to reliably characterize ploidy and genotype absolute copy number from tumor samples that contain less than 40% tumor cells. To increase our power to resolve the copy number profile from low-cellularity tumor samples, we developed a novel approach that pre-phases heterozygote germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in order to replace the commonly used ‘B-allele frequency’ with a more powerful ‘parental-haplotype frequency’. We apply our tool—sCNAphase—to characterize the copy number and loss-of-heterozygosity profiles of four publicly available breast cancer cell-lines. Comparisons to previous spectral karyotyping and microarray studies revealed that sCNAphase reliably identified overall ploidy as well as the individual copy number mutations from each cell-line. Analysis of artificial cell-line mixtures demonstrated the capacity of this method to determine the level of tumor cellularity, consistently identify sCNAs and characterize ploidy in samples with as little as 10% tumor cells. This novel methodology has the potential to bring sCNA profiling to low-cellularity tumors, a form of cancer unable to be accurately studied by current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Alan J Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Devika Ganesamoorthy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan J M Coin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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183
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Abdul SN, Ab Mutalib NS, Sean KS, Syafruddin SE, Ishak M, Sagap I, Mazlan L, Rose IM, Abu N, Mokhtar NM, Jamal R. Molecular Characterization of Somatic Alterations in Dukes' B and C Colorectal Cancers by Targeted Sequencing. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:465. [PMID: 28769798 PMCID: PMC5513919 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite global progress in research, improved screening and refined treatment strategies, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains as the third most common malignancy. As each type of cancer is different and exhibits unique alteration patterns, identifying and characterizing gene alterations in CRC that may serve as biomarkers might help to improve diagnosis, prognosis and predict potential response to therapy. With the emergence of next generation sequencing technologies (NGS), it is now possible to extensively and rapidly identify the gene profile of individual tumors. In this study, we aimed to identify actionable somatic alterations in Dukes’ B and C in CRC via NGS. Targeted sequencing of 409 cancer-related genes using the Ion AmpliseqTM Comprehensive Cancer Panel was performed on genomic DNA obtained from paired fresh frozen tissues, cancer and normal, of Dukes’ B (n = 10) and Dukes’ C (n = 9) CRC. The sequencing results were analyzed using Torrent Suite, annotated using ANNOVAR and validated using Sanger sequencing. A total of 141 somatic non-synonymous sequence variations were identified in 86 genes. Among these, 64 variants (45%) were predicted to be deleterious, 38 variants (27%) possibly deleterious while the other 39 variants (28%) have low or neutral protein impact. Seventeen genes have alterations with frequencies of ≥10% in the patient cohort and with 14 overlapped genes in both Dukes’ B and C. The adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) was the most frequently altered gene in both groups (n = 6 in Dukes’ B and C). In addition, TP53 was more frequently altered in Dukes’ C (n = 7) compared to Dukes’ B (n = 4). Ten variants in APC, namely p.R283∗, p.N778fs, p.R805∗, p.Y935fs, p.E941fs, p.E1057∗, p.I1401fs, p.Q1378∗, p.E1379∗, and p.A1485fs were predicted to be driver variants. APC remains as the most frequently altered gene in the intermediate stages of CRC. Wnt signaling pathway is the major affected pathway followed by P53, RAS, TGF-β, and PI3K signaling. We reported the alteration profiles in each of the patient which has the potential to affect the clinical decision. We believe that this study will add further to the understanding of CRC molecular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafina-Nadiawati Abdul
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Saiful E Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhiddin Ishak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Sagap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa M Rose
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza M Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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184
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Pan HW, Su HH, Hsu CW, Huang GJ, Wu TTL. Targeted TPX2 increases chromosome missegregation and suppresses tumor cell growth in human prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3531-3543. [PMID: 28761362 PMCID: PMC5522830 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s136491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex disease that can be relatively harmless or extremely aggressive. Although androgen-deprivation therapy is a commonly used treatment for men with prostate cancer, the adverse effects can be detrimental to patient health and quality of life. Therefore, identifying new target genes for tumor growth will enable the development of novel therapeutic intervention. TPX2 plays a critical role in chromosome segregation machinery during mitosis. Low rates of chromosome missegregation can promote tumor development, whereas higher levels might promote cell death and suppress tumorigenesis. Hence, the strategy of promoting cell death by inducing massive chromosome missegregation has been a therapeutic application for selectively eliminating highly proliferating tumor cells. RNAi was used for TPX2 protein expression knockdown, and a clonogenic assay, immunostaining, double thymidine block, image-cytometry analysis, and tumor spheroid assay were used to analyze the role of TPX2 in tumor cell growth, cell cycle progression, multinuclearity, ploidy, and tumorigenicity, respectively; finally, Western blotting was used to analyze anticancer mechanisms in TPX2 targeting. We demonstrated that targeting TPX2 reduced cell cycle regulators and chromosome segregation genes, resulting in increased cell micronucleation. Moreover, TPX2 depletion led to prostate cancer cell growth inhibition, increased apoptosis, and reduced tumorigenesis. These results confirmed the therapeutic potential of targeting TPX2 in prostate cancer treatment. Moreover, we found that TPX2 silencing led to deregulation of CDK1, cyclin B, securin, separase, and aurora A proteins; by contrast, p21 mRNA was upregulated. We also determined the molecular mechanisms for TPX2 targeting in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, our study illustrates the power of TPX2 as a potential novel target gene for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung
| | - Hsing-Hao Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.,Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung
| | - Chao-Wen Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Guan-Jin Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Chung Kung University Hospital, Tainan
| | - Tony Tong-Lin Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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185
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Santaguida S, Richardson A, Iyer DR, M'Saad O, Zasadil L, Knouse KA, Wong YL, Rhind N, Desai A, Amon A. Chromosome Mis-segregation Generates Cell-Cycle-Arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes that Are Eliminated by the Immune System. Dev Cell 2017; 41:638-651.e5. [PMID: 28633018 PMCID: PMC5536848 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, a state of karyotype imbalance, is a hallmark of cancer. Changes in chromosome copy number have been proposed to drive disease by modulating the dosage of cancer driver genes and by promoting cancer genome evolution. Given the potential of cells with abnormal karyotypes to become cancerous, do pathways that limit the prevalence of such cells exist? By investigating the immediate consequences of aneuploidy on cell physiology, we identified mechanisms that eliminate aneuploid cells. We find that chromosome mis-segregation leads to further genomic instability that ultimately causes cell-cycle arrest. We further show that cells with complex karyotypes exhibit features of senescence and produce pro-inflammatory signals that promote their clearance by the immune system. We propose that cells with abnormal karyotypes generate a signal for their own elimination that may serve as a means for cancer cell immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santaguida
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 76-543, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Amelia Richardson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Divya Ramalingam Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ons M'Saad
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 76-543, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren Zasadil
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 76-543, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kristin A Knouse
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 76-543, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yao Liang Wong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Rhind
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 76-543, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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186
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Asbaghi Y, Thompson LL, Lichtensztejn Z, McManus KJ. KIF11 silencing and inhibition induces chromosome instability that may contribute to cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:668-680. [PMID: 28510357 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the aberrant pathways that contribute to oncogenesis and identifying the altered genes involved in these pathways is a critical first step to develop effective strategies to better combat cancer. Chromosome instability (CIN) is an aberrant phenotype that occurs in ∼80% of all cancer types and is associated with aggressive tumors, the acquisition of multidrug resistance and poor patient prognosis. Despite these associations however, the aberrant genes and molecular defects underlying CIN remain poorly understood. KIF11 is an evolutionarily conserved microtubule motor protein that functions in centrosome and chromosome dynamics in mitosis. Interestingly, the yeast ortholog of KIF11, namely CIN8 is a CIN gene and thus aberrant KIF11 expression and function is suspected to underlie CIN. In support of this possibility, KIF11 is somatically altered in a large number of cancer types. Using a complementary biochemical and genetic approach we examined whether KIF11 silencing with siRNAs or inhibition with monastrol was able to convert two distinct and karyotypically stable cell lines into karyotypically unstable cell lines. Indeed, quantitative imaging microscopy and flow cytometry revealed that KIF11 silencing induced increases in nuclear areas, micronucleus formation, DNA content and chromosome numbers relative to controls that was also observed following KIF11 inhibition. Collectively, this study identifies and validates KIF11 as an evolutionarily conserved CIN gene, and further suggests that aberrant expression and function may contribute to the pathogenesis of a subset of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Asbaghi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura L Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zelda Lichtensztejn
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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187
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Cirillo L, Gotta M, Meraldi P. The Elephant in the Room: The Role of Microtubules in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:93-124. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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188
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New Insights in the Cytogenetic Practice: Karyotypic Chaos, Non-Clonal Chromosomal Alterations and Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer and Therapy Response. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060155. [PMID: 28587191 PMCID: PMC5485519 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, non-clonal chromosomal alterations previously unappreciated are being proposed to be included in cytogenetic practice. The aim of this inclusion is to obtain a greater understanding of chromosomal instability (CIN) and tumor heterogeneity and their role in cancer evolution and therapy response. Although several genetic assays have allowed the evaluation of the variation in a population of cancer cells, these assays do not provide information at the level of individual cells, therefore limiting the information of the genomic diversity within tumors (heterogeneity). The karyotype is one of the few available cytogenetic techniques that allow us not only to identify the chromosomal alterations present within a single cell, but also allows us to profile both clonal (CCA) and non-clonal chromosomal alterations (NCCAs). A greater understanding of CIN and tumor heterogeneity in cancer could not only improve existing therapeutic regimens but could also be used as targets for the design of new therapeutic approaches. In this review we indicate the importance and significance of karyotypic chaos, NCCAs and CIN in the prognosis of human cancers.
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189
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Bakhoum SF, Landau DA. Chromosomal Instability as a Driver of Tumor Heterogeneity and Evolution. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a029611. [PMID: 28213433 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale, massively parallel sequencing of human cancer samples has revealed tremendous genetic heterogeneity within individual tumors. Indeed, tumors are composed of an admixture of diverse subpopulations-subclones-that vary in space and time. Here, we discuss a principal driver of clonal diversification in cancer known as chromosomal instability (CIN), which complements other modes of genetic diversification creating the multilayered genomic instability often seen in human cancer. Cancer cells have evolved to fine-tune chromosome missegregation rates to balance the acquisition of heterogeneity while preserving favorable genotypes, a dependence that can be exploited for a therapeutic benefit. We discuss how whole-genome doubling events accelerate clonal evolution in a subset of tumors by providing a viable path toward favorable near-triploid karyotypes and present evidence for CIN-induced clonal speciation that can overcome the dependence on truncal initiating events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Dan Avi Landau
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021.,Core member of the New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013
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190
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Hu W, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yin J, Huang J, Huang L, Gu H, Jiang G, Fang J. Post surgery circulating free tumor DNA is a predictive biomarker for relapse of lung cancer. Cancer Med 2017; 6:962-974. [PMID: 28382702 PMCID: PMC5430107 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells release DNA fragments into plasma as circulating free DNA (cfDNA). However, quantitative measurement of tumor-derived DNA in cfDNA remains challenge. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess tumor-derived DNA in lung cancer patients. By optimizing competitive allele-specific TaqMan PCR (CAST-PCR), we assessed the copy number of mutated Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alleles in the pre/post surgery plasma of 168 lung cancer patients. An absolute quantitative PCR method was developed to assess the number of total cfDNA. All mutations detected in tumors were also found in the plasma after surgery. At the time of 30 days after surgery, EGFR mutation of circulating cell-free DNA was detected only in two patients who recurred in 4 months after surgery. Compared to that of normal control at 30 days after surgery, five patients who recurred in 4 months had significantly higher circulating cell-free DNA (P < 0.001), whereas six patients who recurred after 4 months (P = 0.207) and five patients without recurrence (P = 0.901) demonstrated significantly lower circulating cell-free DNA. Our findings suggest that cfDNA analysis in plasma is an alternative and supplement to tissue analysis and hold promise for clinical application. Stratification of patients according to cfDNA levels at 30 days after surgery might be helpful in selecting lung cancer patients for adjuvant therapy after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Yin
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Gu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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191
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McAndrew EN, McManus KJ. The enigmatic oncogene and tumor suppressor-like properties of RAD54B: Insights into genome instability and cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:513-523. [PMID: 28295846 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges to the cell is to ensure genome stability, which can be compromised through endogenous errors or exogenous DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation or common chemotherapeutic agents. To maintain genome stability the cell has a multifaceted line of defense, including cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair pathways. RAD54B is involved in many of these pathways and thus exhibits a role in maintaining and repairing genome stability following DNA damage. RAD54B is involved in cell cycle regulation after DNA damage and participates in homologous recombinational repair, which ensures the precise repair of the most deleterious DNA lesions, double-stranded breaks. This review focuses on structural aspects of RAD54B, molecular functions associated with its cellular roles in preventing genome instability, and how aberrant function contributes to oncogenesis. By understanding how aberrant RAD54B expression and/or function can contribute to oncogenesis, novel therapeutic approaches that specifically exploit these aberrant genetics are now being explored for precision medicine targeting. RAD54B represents an ideal candidate for synthetic genetic therapeutic approaches (synthetic dosage lethality or synthetic lethality), which are designed to target the specific genetics associated with cancer formation. These therapeutic approaches represent a precision-based approach, which is ideal as we are now entering the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N McAndrew
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
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192
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Penner-Goeke S, Lichtensztejn Z, Neufeld M, Ali JL, Altman AD, Nachtigal MW, McManus KJ. The temporal dynamics of chromosome instability in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary patient samples. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006707. [PMID: 28376088 PMCID: PMC5395197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most prevalent form of ovarian cancer and has the highest mortality rate. Novel insight into EOC is required to minimize the morbidity and mortality rates caused by recurrent, drug resistant disease. Although numerous studies have evaluated genome instability in EOC, none have addressed the putative role chromosome instability (CIN) has in disease progression and drug resistance. CIN is defined as an increase in the rate at which whole chromosomes or large parts thereof are gained or lost, and can only be evaluated using approaches capable of characterizing genetic or chromosomal heterogeneity within populations of cells. Although CIN is associated with numerous cancer types, its prevalence and dynamics in EOC is unknown. In this study, we assessed CIN within serial samples collected from the ascites of five EOC patients, and in two well-established ovarian cancer cell models of drug resistance (PEO1/4 and A2780s/cp). We quantified and compared CIN (as measured by nuclear areas and CIN Score (CS) values) within and between serial samples to glean insight into the association and dynamics of CIN within EOC, with a particular focus on resistant and recurrent disease. Using quantitative, single cell analyses we determined that CIN is associated with every sample evaluated and further show that many EOC samples exhibit a large degree of nuclear size and CS value heterogeneity. We also show that CIN is dynamic and generally increases within resistant disease. Finally, we show that both drug resistance models (PEO1/4 and A2780s/cp) exhibit heterogeneity, albeit to a much lesser extent. Surprisingly, the two cell line models exhibit remarkably similar levels of CIN, as the nuclear areas and CS values are largely overlapping between the corresponding paired lines. Accordingly, these data suggest CIN may represent a novel biomarker capable of monitoring changes in EOC progression associated with drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Penner-Goeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zelda Lichtensztejn
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Megan Neufeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alon D. Altman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mark W. Nachtigal
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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193
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Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Negative Enrichment Immunofluorescence and an In Situ Hybridization System in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040622. [PMID: 28333072 PMCID: PMC5412265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal type of gastrointestinal cancer, and early detection and monitoring is an urgent problem. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are emerging as a non-invasive biomarker for tumor detection. However, the low sensitivity is a main problem in the traditional CellSearch System for detecting CTCs, especially in patients with PC. In this study, we used negative enrichment (NE), immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization (FISH) of chromosome 8 (NE-iFISH) to capture and identify CTCs in PC patients. We showed that the NE-iFISH system exhibited a dramatically high detection rate of CTCs in PC patients (90%). The diagnostic rate of PC reached 97.5% when combining CTCs ≥ 2 and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) > 37 µmol/L. The 1-year survival in the group of CTCs < 3 was significantly higher than that of CTCs ≥ 3 (p = 0.043). In addition, we analyzed the role of chromosomal instability in CTCs detection. The group of triploid (three hybridization signals of chromosome 8) CTCs ≥ 3 showed a shorter 1-year survival (p = 0.0279) and overall survival (p = 0.0188) than the group with triploid CTCs < 3. Importantly, the triploid CTC number but not the overall CTC counts could be a predictor of chemo-sensitivity. Moreover, circulating tumor microembolus (CTMs) were found in stage IV patients, and were positively related to the poor response to chemotherapy. In conclusion, the NE-iFISH system significantly improved the positive detection rate of CTCs and triploid CTC could be used to predict prognosis or the response to the chemotherapy of PC patients. CTM is a potential indicator of the chemotherapeutic effect in advanced PC patients.
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194
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Buccitelli C, Salgueiro L, Rowald K, Sotillo R, Mardin BR, Korbel JO. Pan-cancer analysis distinguishes transcriptional changes of aneuploidy from proliferation. Genome Res 2017; 27:501-511. [PMID: 28320919 PMCID: PMC5378169 DOI: 10.1101/gr.212225.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of gene expression in tumors can arise as a consequence of or result in genomic instability, characterized by the accumulation of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and point mutations (PMs). Expression signatures have been widely used as markers for genomic instability, and both SCNAs and PMs could be thought to associate with distinct signatures given their different formation mechanisms. Here we test this notion by systematically investigating SCNA, PM, and transcriptome data from 2660 cancer patients representing 11 tumor types. Notably, our data indicate that similar expression signatures can be derived from correlating gene expression with either SCNA or PM load. Gene sets related to cell growth and proliferation generally associated positively, and immunoregulatory gene sets negatively, with variant burden. In-depth analyses revealed several genes whose de-regulation correlates with SCNA but not with PM burden, yielding downstream effectors of TP53 and MYC signaling unique to high-SCNA tumors. We compared our findings to expression changes observed in two different cancer mouse models with persistent mitotic chromosomal instability, observing a decrease in proliferative expression signatures. Our results suggest that overexpression of cell-cycle-related genes are a characteristic of proliferation, and likely tumor evolution, rather than ongoing genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Buccitelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Lorena Salgueiro
- Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Konstantina Rowald
- Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rocio Sotillo
- Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Balca R Mardin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.,EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
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195
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Liu KW, Pajtler KW, Worst BC, Pfister SM, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in pediatric brain tumors. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaaf7593. [PMID: 28292958 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf7593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children. Although surgery, aggressive radiation, and chemotherapy have improved outcomes, many patients still die of their disease. Moreover, those who survive often suffer devastating long-term side effects from the therapies. A greater understanding of the molecular underpinnings of these diseases will drive the development of new therapeutic approaches. Advances in genomics and epigenomics have provided unprecedented insight into the molecular diversity of these diseases and, in several cases, have revealed key genes and signaling pathways that drive tumor growth. These not only serve as potential therapeutic targets but also have facilitated the creation of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease for preclinical studies. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of the three most common malignant pediatric brain tumors-medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade glioma-and the implications for development of safer and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Liu
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Worst
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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196
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Salomon-Perzyński A, Salomon-Perzyńska M, Michalski B, Skrzypulec-Plinta V. High-grade serous ovarian cancer: the clone wars. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:569-576. [PMID: 28154920 PMCID: PMC5315707 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last 5 years' studies using next-generation sequencing provided evidences that many types of solid tumors present spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity and are composed of multiple populations of genetically distinct subclones that evolve over time following a pattern of branched evolution. The evolutionary nature of cancer has been proposed as the major contributor to drug resistance and treatment failure. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge about the clonal evolution of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and discuss the challenge that clonal evolution poses for efforts to achieve an optimal cancer control. METHODS A systemic search of peer-reviewed articles published between August 2007 and October 2016 was performed using PUBMED and Google Scholar database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Recent studies using next-generation sequencing have allowed us to look inside the evolutionary nature of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, which in the light of current evidence can explain the relapsing course of the disease frequently observed in the clinical practice. Since only minimal improvement in the survival of patients treated with standard therapy has been observed in the last decade, novel molecular targeted therapies are of great interest in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. However, both spatial and temporal intratumoral genetic heterogeneity is a major challenge for personalized medicine, and greater knowledge of the molecular rules that drive tumor evolution through space and time is required to achieve a long-term clinical benefit from personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Salomon-Perzyński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Salomon-Perzyńska
- Department of Gynaecology Oncological, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Michalski
- Department of Gynaecology Oncological, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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197
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Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010013. [PMID: 28218637 PMCID: PMC5372006 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome congression during prometaphase culminates with the establishment of a metaphase plate, a hallmark of mitosis in metazoans. Classical views resulting from more than 100 years of research on this topic have attempted to explain chromosome congression based on the balance between opposing pulling and/or pushing forces that reach an equilibrium near the spindle equator. However, in mammalian cells, chromosome bi-orientation and force balance at kinetochores are not required for chromosome congression, whereas the mechanisms of chromosome congression are not necessarily involved in the maintenance of chromosome alignment after congression. Thus, chromosome congression and maintenance of alignment are determined by different principles. Moreover, it is now clear that not all chromosomes use the same mechanism for congressing to the spindle equator. Those chromosomes that are favorably positioned between both poles when the nuclear envelope breaks down use the so-called "direct congression" pathway in which chromosomes align after bi-orientation and the establishment of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This favors the balanced action of kinetochore pulling forces and polar ejection forces along chromosome arms that drive chromosome oscillatory movements during and after congression. The other pathway, which we call "peripheral congression", is independent of end-on kinetochore microtubule-attachments and relies on the dominant and coordinated action of the kinetochore motors Dynein and Centromere Protein E (CENP-E) that mediate the lateral transport of peripheral chromosomes along microtubules, first towards the poles and subsequently towards the equator. How the opposite polarities of kinetochore motors are regulated in space and time to drive congression of peripheral chromosomes only now starts to be understood. This appears to be regulated by position-dependent phosphorylation of both Dynein and CENP-E and by spindle microtubule diversity by means of tubulin post-translational modifications. This so-called "tubulin code" might work as a navigation system that selectively guides kinetochore motors with opposite polarities along specific spindle microtubule populations, ultimately leading to the congression of peripheral chromosomes. We propose an integrated model of chromosome congression in mammalian cells that depends essentially on the following parameters: (1) chromosome position relative to the spindle poles after nuclear envelope breakdown; (2) establishment of stable end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and bi-orientation; (3) coordination between kinetochore- and arm-associated motors; and (4) spatial signatures associated with post-translational modifications of specific spindle microtubule populations. The physiological consequences of abnormal chromosome congression, as well as the therapeutic potential of inhibiting chromosome congression are also discussed.
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198
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Potapova T, Gorbsky GJ. The Consequences of Chromosome Segregation Errors in Mitosis and Meiosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010012. [PMID: 28208750 PMCID: PMC5372005 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mistakes during cell division frequently generate changes in chromosome content, producing aneuploid or polyploid progeny cells. Polyploid cells may then undergo abnormal division to generate aneuploid cells. Chromosome segregation errors may also involve fragments of whole chromosomes. A major consequence of segregation defects is change in the relative dosage of products from genes located on the missegregated chromosomes. Abnormal expression of transcriptional regulators can also impact genes on the properly segregated chromosomes. The consequences of these perturbations in gene expression depend on the specific chromosomes affected and on the interplay of the aneuploid phenotype with the environment. Most often, these novel chromosome distributions are detrimental to the health and survival of the organism. However, in a changed environment, alterations in gene copy number may generate a more highly adapted phenotype. Chromosome segregation errors also have important implications in human health. They may promote drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. In cancer cells, they are a source for genetic and phenotypic variability that may select for populations with increased malignance and resistance to therapy. Lastly, chromosome segregation errors during gamete formation in meiosis are a primary cause of human birth defects and infertility. This review describes the consequences of mitotic and meiotic errors focusing on novel concepts and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Potapova
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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199
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Noguchi K. Novel Mechanisms of Resistance to Investigational Molecularly Targeted Drugs. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:151-160. [PMID: 28154324 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a critical problem inhibiting the effective use of targeted molecular cancer therapies. Investigators have revealed a variety of resistance mechanisms, including alterations in drug targets, activation of pro-survival pathways, and the ineffective induction of cell death. The key alterations driving this resistance are likely condition-dependent, and a detailed analysis would be required to characterize these diverse alterations under a variety of conditions in order to facilitate practical precision medicine for treating individual cancer patients. We have been investigating the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer drug resistance, and analyzed our original resistant cells against anti-mitotic kinase inhibitors. This study suggests that novel mechanisms reduce cytokinetic dysregulation caused by those inhibitors, and anti-apoptotic activities are associated with resistant phenotypes. These observations suggest that the activation of various bypass mechanisms may allow cancer cells to avoid the selective antiproliferative effect of molecularly targeted drugs, and such bypass activation mechanism would thus be a critical target for designing combination chemotherapy to overcome non-genetic drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Noguchi
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University
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200
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Sansregret L, Patterson JO, Dewhurst S, López-García C, Koch A, McGranahan N, Chao WCH, Barry DJ, Rowan A, Instrell R, Horswell S, Way M, Howell M, Singleton MR, Medema RH, Nurse P, Petronczki M, Swanton C. APC/C Dysfunction Limits Excessive Cancer Chromosomal Instability. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:218-233. [PMID: 28069571 PMCID: PMC5300100 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular heterogeneity, exacerbated by chromosomal instability (CIN), fosters tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. However, extreme CIN correlates with improved cancer outcome, suggesting that karyotypic diversity required to adapt to selection pressures might be balanced in tumors against the risk of excessive instability. Here, we used a functional genomics screen, genome editing, and pharmacologic approaches to identify CIN-survival factors in diploid cells. We find partial anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) dysfunction lengthens mitosis, suppresses pharmacologically induced chromosome segregation errors, and reduces naturally occurring lagging chromosomes in cancer cell lines or following tetraploidization. APC/C impairment caused adaptation to MPS1 inhibitors, revealing a likely resistance mechanism to therapies targeting the spindle assembly checkpoint. Finally, CRISPR-mediated introduction of cancer somatic mutations in the APC/C subunit cancer driver gene CDC27 reduces chromosome segregation errors, whereas reversal of an APC/C subunit nonsense mutation increases CIN. Subtle variations in mitotic duration, determined by APC/C activity, influence the extent of CIN, allowing cancer cells to dynamically optimize fitness during tumor evolution. SIGNIFICANCE We report a mechanism whereby cancers balance the evolutionary advantages associated with CIN against the fitness costs caused by excessive genome instability, providing insight into the consequence of CDC27 APC/C subunit driver mutations in cancer. Lengthening of mitosis through APC/C modulation may be a common mechanism of resistance to cancer therapeutics that increase chromosome segregation errors. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 218-33. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Burkard and Weaver, p. 134This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 115.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - André Koch
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- CRUK UCL/Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence
| | | | | | - Andrew Rowan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael Way
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - René H. Medema
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Nurse
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Petronczki
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- CRUK UCL/Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence
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