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A Virus Hosted in Malaria-Infected Blood Protects against T Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases by Impairing DC Function in a Type I IFN-Dependent Manner. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03394-19. [PMID: 32265335 PMCID: PMC7157782 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03394-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfections shape immunity and influence the development of inflammatory diseases, resulting in detrimental or beneficial outcome. Coinfections with concurrent Plasmodium species can alter malaria clinical evolution, and malaria infection itself can modulate autoimmune reactions. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain ill defined. Here, we demonstrate that the protective effects of some rodent malaria strains on T cell-mediated inflammatory pathologies are due to an RNA virus cohosted in malaria-parasitized blood. We show that live and extracts of blood parasitized by Plasmodium berghei K173 or Plasmodium yoelii 17X YM, protect against P. berghei ANKA-induced experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)/complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and that protection is associated with a strong type I interferon (IFN-I) signature. We detected the presence of the RNA virus lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) in the protective Plasmodium stabilates and we established that LDV infection alone was necessary and sufficient to recapitulate the protective effects on ECM and EAE. In ECM, protection resulted from an IFN-I-mediated reduction in the abundance of splenic conventional dendritic cell and impairment of their ability to produce interleukin (IL)-12p70, leading to a decrease in pathogenic CD4+ Th1 responses. In EAE, LDV infection induced IFN-I-mediated abrogation of IL-23, thereby preventing the differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells. Our work identifies a virus cohosted in several Plasmodium stabilates across the community and deciphers its major consequences on the host immune system. More generally, our data emphasize the importance of considering contemporaneous infections for the understanding of malaria-associated and autoimmune diseases.IMPORTANCE Any infection modifies the host immune status, potentially ameliorating or aggravating the pathophysiology of a simultaneous inflammatory condition. In the course of investigating how malaria infection modulates the severity of contemporaneous inflammatory diseases, we identified a nonpathogenic mouse virus in stabilates of two widely used rodent parasite lines: Plasmodium berghei K173 and Plasmodium yoelii 17X YM. We established that the protective effects of these Plasmodium lines on cerebral malaria and multiple sclerosis are exclusively due to this virus. The virus induces a massive type I interferon (IFN-I) response and causes quantitative and qualitative defects in the ability of dendritic cells to promote pathogenic T cell responses. Beyond revealing a possible confounding factor in rodent malaria models, our work uncovers some bases by which a seemingly innocuous viral (co)infection profoundly changes the immunopathophysiology of inflammatory diseases.
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152
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Stebegg M, Bignon A, Hill DL, Silva-Cayetano A, Krueger C, Vanderleyden I, Innocentin S, Boon L, Wang J, Zand MS, Dooley J, Clark J, Liston A, Carr E, Linterman MA. Rejuvenating conventional dendritic cells and T follicular helper cell formation after vaccination. eLife 2020; 9:52473. [PMID: 32204792 PMCID: PMC7093110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centres (GCs) are T follicular helper cell (Tfh)-dependent structures that form in response to vaccination, producing long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells that protect against subsequent infection. With advancing age the GC and Tfh cell response declines, resulting in impaired humoral immunity. We sought to discover what underpins the poor Tfh cell response in ageing and whether it is possible to correct it. Here, we demonstrate that older people and aged mice have impaired Tfh cell differentiation upon vaccination. This deficit is preceded by poor activation of conventional dendritic cells type 2 (cDC2) due to reduced type 1 interferon signalling. Importantly, the Tfh and cDC2 cell response can be boosted in aged mice by treatment with a TLR7 agonist. This demonstrates that age-associated defects in the cDC2 and Tfh cell response are not irreversible and can be enhanced to improve vaccine responses in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Stebegg
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Bignon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Danika Lea Hill
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa Silva-Cayetano
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christel Krueger
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ine Vanderleyden
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Innocentin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jiong Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Martin S Zand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - James Dooley
- Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Biological Chemistry, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Carr
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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153
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Santana-Krímskaya SE, Franco-Molina MA, Zárate-Triviño DG, Prado-García H, Zapata-Benavides P, Torres-Del-Muro F, Rodríguez-Padilla C. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP plus doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy remodel the tumor microenvironment in an air pouch triple-negative breast cancer murine model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110062. [PMID: 32172064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1889, Steven Paget postulated the theory that cancer cells require a permissive environment to grow. This permissive environment is known as the tumor microenvironment (TME) and nowadays it is evident that the TME is involved in the progression and response to therapy of solid cancer tumors. Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer for women worldwide and chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for these patients. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP is a bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. The combination of chemotherapy and IMMUNEPOTENT CRP improves clinical parameters of breast cancer patients. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor effect of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy plus IMMUNEPOTENT CRP and its impact over the tumor microenvironment in a triple-negative breast cancer murine model. We evaluated CD8+, CD4+, T regulatory cells, memory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD71+, innate effector cells and molecules such as α-SMA, VEGF, CTLA-4, PD-L1, Gal-3, IDO, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-10 as part of the components of the TME. Doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide + IMMUNEPOTENT CRP decreased tumor volume, prolonged survival, increased infiltrating and systemic CD8+ T cells and decreased tumor suppressor molecules (such as PD-L1, Gal-3, and IL-10 among others). In conclusion, we suggest that IMMUNEPOTENT CRP act as a modifier of the TME and the immune response, potentiating or prolonging anti-tumor effects of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in a triple-negative breast cancer murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 "F", 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Moisés Armides Franco-Molina
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 "F", 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 "F", 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-García
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 "F", 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Felipe Torres-Del-Muro
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 "F", 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, P.O. Box 46 "F", 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
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154
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Blockade of the Phagocytic Receptor MerTK on Tumor-Associated Macrophages Enhances P2X7R-Dependent STING Activation by Tumor-Derived cGAMP. Immunity 2020; 52:357-373.e9. [PMID: 32049051 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages prevents excessive inflammation and supports immune tolerance. Here, we examined the effect of blocking apoptotic cell clearance on anti-tumor immune response. We generated an antibody that selectively inhibited efferocytosis by phagocytic receptor MerTK. Blockade of MerTK resulted in accumulation of apoptotic cells within tumors and triggered a type I interferon response. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with anti-MerTK antibody stimulated T cell activation and synergized with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy. The anti-tumor effect induced by anti-MerTK treatment was lost in Stinggt/gt mice, but not in Cgas-/- mice. Abolishing cGAMP production in Cgas-/- tumor cells, depletion of extracellular ATP, or inactivation of the ATP-gated P2X7R channel also compromised the effects of MerTK blockade. Mechanistically, extracellular ATP acted via P2X7R to enhance the transport of extracellular cGAMP into macrophages and subsequent STING activation. Thus, MerTK blockade increases tumor immunogenicity and potentiates anti-tumor immunity, which has implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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155
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Xu W, Atkins MB, McDermott DF. Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in kidney cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:137-150. [PMID: 32020040 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cancer has unique features that make this malignancy attractive for therapeutic approaches that target components of the immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibition is a well-established part of kidney cancer treatment, and rapid advances continue to be made in this field. Initial preclinical studies that elucidated the biology of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoints led to a series of clinical trials that resulted in regulatory approval of nivolumab and the combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Subsequent data led to approvals of combination strategies of immune checkpoint inhibition plus agents that target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and a shift in the current standard of renal cell carcinoma care. However, controversies remain regarding the optimal therapy selection and treatment strategy for individual patients, which might be eventually overcome by current intensive efforts in biomarker research. That work includes evaluation of tumour cell PD-L1 expression, gene expression signatures, CD8+ T cell density and others. In the future, further advances in the understanding of immune checkpoint biology might reveal new therapeutic targets beyond PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, as well as new combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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156
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Targeting innate sensing in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:13-26. [PMID: 31844141 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune sensing pathways play critical roles in the defense against pathogen infection, but their roles in cancer immunosurveillance and cancer therapies are less defined. We propose that defective innate immune sensing inside the tumor microenvironment might limit T-cell responses to immunotherapy. A recent mechanistic understanding of conventional therapies revealed that both innate immune sensing and T-cell responses are essential for optimal antitumor efficacy. T-cell-based immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, has achieved great success in reactivating antitumor immune responses to lead to tumor regression, but only in a small fraction of patients. Therefore, incorporating conventional therapy that can increase innate sensing and immunotherapy should lead to promising strategies for cancer patients. Here, we review the innate sensing pathways related to cancer initiation/progression and therapies, summarize the recent key findings in innate immune sensing related to conventional therapies, evaluate current combination strategies, and highlight the potential issues of combinational therapies in terms of antitumor efficacy and toxicities.
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157
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Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS. JAK-STAT Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword of Immune Regulation and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2002. [PMID: 31842362 PMCID: PMC6966445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates almost all immune regulatory processes, including those that are involved in tumor cell recognition and tumor-driven immune escape. Antitumor immune responses are largely driven by STAT1 and STAT2 induction of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and the downstream programs IFNs potentiate. Conversely, STAT3 has been widely linked to cancer cell survival, immunosuppression, and sustained inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of JAK-STAT cross-regulatory mechanisms, post-translational control, and non-canonical signal transduction has added a new level of complexity to JAK-STAT governance over tumor initiation and progression. Endeavors to better understand the vast effects of JAK-STAT signaling on antitumor immunity have unearthed a wide range of targets, including oncogenes, miRNAs, and other co-regulatory factors, which direct specific phenotypical outcomes subsequent to JAK-STAT stimulation. Yet, the rapidly expanding field of therapeutic developments aimed to resolve JAK-STAT aberrations commonly reported in a multitude of cancers has been marred by off-target effects. Here, we discuss JAK-STAT biology in the context of immunity and cancer, the consequences of pathway perturbations and current therapeutic interventions, to provide insight and consideration for future targeting innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Owen
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Natasha K. Brockwell
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda S. Parker
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
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158
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Xi Q, Wang M, Jia W, Yang M, Hu J, Jin J, Chen X, Yin D, Wang X. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Amidobenzimidazole Derivatives as Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 63:260-282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiumu Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Mingjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Mingjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
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159
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NF-kappa B Signaling-Related Signatures Are Connected with the Mesenchymal Phenotype of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121961. [PMID: 31817685 PMCID: PMC6966426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), tumor microenvironment (TME), and the immune system in the formation of metastasis is evident, yet the details of their interactions remain unknown. This study aimed at exploring the immunotranscriptome of primary tumors associated with the status of CTCs in breast cancer (BCa) patients. The expression of 730 immune-related genes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples was analyzed using the multigenomic NanoString technology and correlated with the presence and the phenotype of CTCs. Upregulation of 37 genes and downregulation of 1 gene were observed in patients characterized by a mesenchymal phenotype of CTCs when compared to patients with epithelial CTCs. The upregulated genes were involved in NF-kappa B signaling and in the production of type I interferons. The clinical significance of the differentially expressed genes was evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data of a breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) cohort. Five of the upregulated genes-PSMD7, C2, IFNAR1, CD84, and CYLD-were independent prognostic factors in terms of overall and disease-free survival. To conclude, our data identify a group of genes that are upregulated in BCa patients with mesenchymal CTCs and reveal their prognostic potential, thus indicating that they merit further investigation.
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160
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Du B, Waxman DJ. Medium dose intermittent cyclophosphamide induces immunogenic cell death and cancer cell autonomous type I interferon production in glioma models. Cancer Lett 2019; 470:170-180. [PMID: 31765733 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide treatment on a medium-dose, intermittent chemotherapy (MEDIC) schedule activates both innate and adaptive immunity leading to major regression of implanted gliomas. Here, we show that this MEDIC treatment regimen induces tumor cell autonomous type-I interferon signaling, followed by release of soluble factors that activate interferon-stimulated genes in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In cultured GL261 and CT-2A glioma cells, activated cyclophosphamide stimulated production and release of type-I interferons, leading to robust activation of downstream gene targets. Antibody against the type-I interferon receptor IFNAR1 blocked the cyclophosphamide-stimulated induction of these genes in both cultured glioma cells and implanted gliomas. Furthermore, IFNAR1 antibody strongly inhibited the MEDIC cyclophosphamide-stimulated increases in tumor cell infiltration of macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells, as well as natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-cells and their cytotoxic effectors. Finally, cyclophosphamide-treated dying glioma cells producing type-I interferons were an effective vaccine against drug-naïve glioma cells implanted in vivo. Thus, cyclophosphamide induces local, tumor cell-centric increases in type-I interferon signaling, which activates immunogenic cell death and is essential for the striking antitumor immune responses that MEDIC cyclophosphamide treatment elicits in these glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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161
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Imperiale JC, Schlachet I, Lewicki M, Sosnik A, Biglione MM. Oral Pharmacokinetics of a Chitosan-Based Nano- Drug Delivery System of Interferon Alpha. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111862. [PMID: 31718060 PMCID: PMC6918283 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon alpha (IFNα) is a protein drug used to treat viral infections and cancer diseases. Due to its poor stability in the gastrointestinal tract, only parenteral administration ensures bioavailability, which is associated with severe side effects. We hypothesized that the nanoencapsulation of IFNα within nanoparticles of the mucoadhesive polysaccharide chitosan would improve the oral bioavailability of this drug. In this work, we produced IFNα-loaded chitosan nanoparticles by the ionotropic gelation method. Their hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index and concentration were characterized by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. After confirming their good cell compatibility in Caco-2 and WISH cells, the permeability of unmodified and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified (PEGylated) nanoparticles was measured in monoculture (Caco-2) and co-culture (Caco-2/HT29-MTX) cell monolayers. Results indicated that the nanoparticles cross the intestinal epithelium mainly by the paracellular route. Finally, the study of the oral pharmacokinetics of nanoencapsulated IFNα in BalbC mice revealed two maxima and area-under-the-curve of 56.9 pg*h/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta C. Imperiale
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina;
| | - Inbar Schlachet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Marianela Lewicki
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina;
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Correspondence: or (A.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Mirna M. Biglione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Correspondence: or (A.S.); (M.M.B.)
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162
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Shaabani N, Honke N, Nguyen N, Huang Z, Arimoto KI, Lazar D, Loe TK, Lang KS, Prinz M, Knobeloch KP, Zhang DE, Teijaro JR. The probacterial effect of type I interferon signaling requires its own negative regulator USP18. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/27/eaau2125. [PMID: 30266866 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling paradoxically impairs host immune responses during many primary and secondary bacterial infections. Lack of IFN-I receptor reduces bacterial replication and/or bacterial persistence during infection with several bacteria. However, the mechanisms that mediate the adverse IFN-I effect are incompletely understood. Here, we show that Usp18, an interferon-stimulated gene that negatively regulates IFN-I signaling, is primarily responsible for the deleterious effect of IFN-I signaling during infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes or Staphylococcus aureus Mechanistically, USP18 promoted bacterial replication by inhibiting antibacterial tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling. Deleting IFNAR1 or USP18 in CD11c-Cre+ cells similarly reduced bacterial titers in multiple organs and enhanced survival. Our results demonstrate that inhibiting USP18 function can promote control of primary and secondary bacterial infection by enhancing the antibacterial effect of TNF-α, which correlates with induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings suggest that USP18 could be targeted therapeutically in patients to ameliorate disease caused by serious bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namir Shaabani
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Honke
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology, Hiller Research Center Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nhan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kei-Ichiro Arimoto
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Lazar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taylor K Loe
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Division of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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163
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TGFβ blocks IFNα/β release and tumor rejection in spontaneous mammary tumors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4131. [PMID: 31511510 PMCID: PMC6739328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are being rediscovered as potent anti-tumoral agents. Activation of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) by DMXAA (5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid) can induce strong production of IFNα/β and rejection of transplanted primary tumors. In the present study, we address whether targeting STING with DMXAA also leads to the regression of spontaneous MMTV-PyMT mammary tumors. We show that these tumors are refractory to DMXAA-induced regression. This is due to a blockade in the phosphorylation of IRF3 and the ensuing IFNα/β production. Mechanistically, we identify TGFβ, which is abundant in spontaneous tumors, as a key molecule limiting this IFN-induced tumor regression by DMXAA. Finally, blocking TGFβ restores the production of IFNα by activated MHCII+ tumor-associated macrophages, and enables tumor regression induced by STING activation. On the basis of these findings, we propose that type I IFN-dependent cancer therapies could be greatly improved by combinations including the blockade of TGFβ.
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164
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Schirrmacher V, van Gool S, Stuecker W. Breaking Therapy Resistance: An Update on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Improvements of Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030066. [PMID: 31480379 PMCID: PMC6783952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. It may exist from the beginning, or it may develop during therapy. The review focusses on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a biological agent with potential to break therapy resistance. This avian virus combines, upon inoculation into non-permissive hosts such as human, 12 described anti-neoplastic effects with 11 described immune stimulatory properties. Fifty years of clinical application of NDV give witness to the high safety profile of this biological agent. In 2015, an important milestone was achieved, namely the successful production of NDV according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Based on this, IOZK in Cologne, Germany, obtained a GMP certificate for the production of a dendritic cell vaccine loaded with tumor antigens from a lysate of patient-derived tumor cells together with immunological danger signals from NDV for intracutaneous application. This update includes single case reports and retrospective analyses from patients treated at IOZK. The review also presents future perspectives, including the concept of in situ vaccination and the combination of NDV or other oncolytic viruses with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefaan van Gool
- Immune-Oncological Center Cologne (IOZK), D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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165
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Guevara M, Jilesen Z, Stojdl D, Persano S. Codelivery of mRNA with α-Galactosylceramide Using a New Lipopolyplex Formulation Induces a Strong Antitumor Response upon Intravenous Administration. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13015-13026. [PMID: 31460428 PMCID: PMC6705043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of mRNA-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy has gained growing attention. Several studies have shown that mRNA delivered in a vectorized format can generate a robust and efficient immune response. In this work, a new lipopolyplex vector (multi-LP), incorporating the immune adjuvant α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and a multivalent cationic lipid, was proposed for the in vivo delivery of mRNA into antigen-presenting cells. We demonstrate that dendritic cells (DCs) can be targeted in vivo by intravenous administration of a α-GalCer-/mRNA-loaded multi-LP vector, without the need for its functionalization with cell-specific antibodies or ligands. The multi-LP nanoparticles loaded with a reporter mRNA efficiently led to high expression of the enhanced green fluorescence protein in DCs both in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting an intrinsic selectivity for DCs. Finally, the TRP2-mRNA/α-GalCer-based multi-LP vaccine induced a significant therapeutic effect against a highly malignant B16-F10 melanoma tumor. This study provides the first evidence that a combination of antigen-mRNA and α-GalCer can be used as an effective antitumor vaccine, inducing strong innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
L. Guevara
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zachary Jilesen
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David Stojdl
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
- E-mail: (D.S.)
| | - Stefano Persano
- Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
- E-mail: (S.P.)
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166
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Miller FW, Lamb JA, Schmidt J, Nagaraju K. Risk factors and disease mechanisms in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 14:255-268. [PMID: 29674613 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases develop as a result of chronic inflammation owing to interactions between genes and the environment. However, the mechanisms by which autoimmune diseases evolve remain poorly understood. Newly discovered risk factors and pathogenic processes in the various idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) phenotypes (known collectively as myositis) have illuminated innovative approaches for understanding these diseases. The HLA 8.1 ancestral haplotype is a key risk factor for major IIM phenotypes in some populations, and several genetic variants associated with other autoimmune diseases have been identified as IIM risk factors. Environmental risk factors are less well studied than genetic factors but might include viruses, bacteria, ultraviolet radiation, smoking, occupational and perinatal exposures and a growing list of drugs (including biologic agents) and dietary supplements. Disease mechanisms vary by phenotype, with evidence of shared innate and adaptive immune and metabolic pathways in some phenotypes but unique pathways in others. The heterogeneity and rarity of the IIMs make advancements in diagnosis and treatment cumbersome. Novel approaches, better-defined phenotypes, and international, multidisciplinary consensus have contributed to progress, and it is hoped that these methods will eventually enable therapeutic intervention before the onset or major progression of disease. In the future, preemptive strategies for IIM management might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W Miller
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janine A Lamb
- Centre for Epidemiology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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167
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Cho E, Islam SMBU, Jiang F, Park JE, Lee B, Kim ND, Hwang TH. Characterization of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Harboring the Human IFNB1 and CES2 Transgenes. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:309-319. [PMID: 31401821 PMCID: PMC6962490 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of SJ-815, a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus lacking a functional thymidine kinase-encoding TK gene, and instead, having two human transgenes: the IFNB1 that encodes interferon β1, and the CES2 that encodes carboxylesterase 2, which metabolizes the prodrug, irinotecan, into cytotoxic SN-38. Materials and Methods Viral replication and dissemination of SJ-815 were measured by plaque assay and comet assay, respectively, and compared to the backbone of SJ-815, a modified Western Reserve virus named WI. Tumor cytotoxicity of SJ-815 (or mSJ-815, which has the murine IFNB1 transgene for mouse cancers) was evaluated using human and mouse cancer cells. Antitumor effects of SJ-815, with/without irinotecan, were evaluated using a human pancreatic cancer-bearing mouse model and a syngeneic melanoma-bearing mouse model. The SN-38/irinotecan ratios in mouse melanoma tissue 4 days post irinotecan treatment were compared between groups with and without SJ-815 intravenous injection. Results SJ-815 demonstrated significantly lower viral replication and dissemination, but considerably stronger in vitro tumor cytotoxicity than WI. The combination use of SJ-815 plus irinotecan generated substantial tumor regression in the human pancreatic cancer model, and significantly prolonged survival in the melanoma model (hazard ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.50; p=0.013). The tumor SN-38/irinotecan ratios were over 3-fold higher in the group with SJ-815 than those without (p < 0.001). Conclusion SJ-815 demonstrates distinct characteristics gained from the inserted IFNB1 and CES2 transgenes. The potent antitumor effects of SJ-815, particularly when combined with irinotecan, against multiple solid tumors make SJ-815 an attractive candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy and Pusan Cancer Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - S M Bakhtiar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Fen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Pusan Cancer Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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168
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Mycobacterium Avium Complex Presenting as Pulmonary Nodules in a Child With Sickle Cell Disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:e409-e412. [PMID: 30933021 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The case of a 10-year-old child with sickle cell disease with pulmonary nodules and prolonged fevers is reported here. The child was first diagnosed with sarcoidosis based on lung biopsy, but unresponsiveness to therapy led to a second lung biopsy, which revealed the true diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex disease. Multiple possible explanations for why the patient became infected exist. The patient was baseline immunocompromised due to her sickle cell disease, was exposed to invasive procedures, was taking medications that may predispose to this type of infection, and was found to have a congenital immunodeficiency.
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169
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Hong S, Liu D, Luo S, Fang W, Zhan J, Fu S, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhou H, Chen X, Chen G, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, Li X, Chen J, Liu X, Lei M, Ye C, Wang J, Yang H, Xu X, Zhu S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou N, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wu K, Zhang L. The genomic landscape of Epstein-Barr virus-associated pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3108. [PMID: 31311932 PMCID: PMC6635366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare and distinct subtype of primary lung cancer characterized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Herein, we reported the mutational landscape of pulmonary LELC using whole-exome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We identify a low degree of somatic mutation but widespread existence of copy number variations. We reveal predominant signature 2 mutations and frequent loss of type I interferon genes that are involved in the host-virus counteraction. Integrated analysis shows enrichment of genetic lesions affecting several critical pathways, including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and cell cycle. Notably, multi-dimensional comparison unveils that pulmonary LELC resemble NPC but are clearly different from other lung cancers, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma or EBV-related gastric cancer in terms of genetic features. In all, our study illustrates a distinct genomic landscape of pulmonary LELC and provides a road map to facilitate genome-guided personalized treatment. The rare lung cancer subtype pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Here, the authors provide a mutational landscape for this cancer, showing a low burden of somatic mutations and high prevalence of copy number variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbing Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuzhen Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinghao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Mengyue Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Ye
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China. .,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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170
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Cui J, Xu X, Li Y, Hu X, Xie Y, Tan J, Qiao W. TRIM14 expression is regulated by IRF-1 and IRF-2. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1413-1420. [PMID: 31150153 PMCID: PMC6668374 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif‐containing 14 (TRIM14) is a mitochondrial adaptor that promotes innate immune signaling and plays important roles in antiviral defense. Expression of TRIM14 is induced by interferon (IFN)‐I. However, the mechanism by which IFN‐I induces TRIM14 production is not yet determined. In this study, we have examined the function of TRIM14 promoter and found that a GC box and an IFN‐stimulated response element (ISRE) are necessary for the basal level transcription of TRIM14. We further observed that IFN‐I activates the TRIM14 promoter through the ISRE. In particular, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 and IRF‐2 bind to the TRIM14 promoter and activate transcription of TRIM14. Moreover, knockdown of IRF‐1 reduces the stimulation of TRIM14 transcription by IFN‐α, suggesting that IRF‐1 is involved in the activation of TRIM14 by IFN‐I. IRF‐2 has little effect on IFN‐α‐induced TRIM14 transcription but is essential for the basal transcription of TRIM14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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171
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Lu C, Klement JD, Ibrahim ML, Xiao W, Redd PS, Nayak-Kapoor A, Zhou G, Liu K. Type I interferon suppresses tumor growth through activating the STAT3-granzyme B pathway in tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:157. [PMID: 31228946 PMCID: PMC6589175 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFN-I) have recently emerged as key regulators of tumor response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, IFN-I function in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment is largely unknown. METHODS Tumor tissues and CTLs of human colorectal cancer patients were analyzed for interferon (alpha and beta) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) expression. IFNAR1 knock out (IFNAR-KO), mixed wild type (WT) and IFNAR1-KO bone marrow chimera mice, and mice with IFNAR1 deficiency only in T cells (IFNAR1-TKO) were used to determine IFN-I function in T cells in tumor suppression. IFN-I target genes in tumor-infiltrating and antigen-specific CTLs were identified and functionally analyzed. RESULTS IFNAR1 expression level is significantly lower in human colorectal carcinoma tissue than in normal colon tissue. IFNAR1 protein is also significantly lower on CTLs from colorectal cancer patients than those from healthy donors. Although IFNAR1-KO mice exhibited increased susceptibility to methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, IFNAR1-sufficient tumors also grow significantly faster in IFNAR1-KO mice and in mice with IFNAR1 deficiency only in T cells (IFNAR1-TKO), suggesting that IFN-I functions in T cells to enhance host cancer immunosurveillance. Strikingly, tumor-infiltrating CTL levels are similar between tumor-bearing WT and IFNAR1-KO mice. Competitive reconstitution of mixed WT and IFNAR1-KO bone marrow chimera mice further determined that IFNAR1-deficient naïve CTLs exhibit no deficiency in response to vaccination to generate antigen-specific CTLs as compared to WT CTLs. Gene expression profiling determined that Gzmb expression is down-regulated in tumor-infiltrating CTLs of IFNAR1-KO mice as compared to WT mice, and in antigen-specific IFNAR1-KO CTLs as compared to WT CTLs in vivo. Mechanistically, we determined that IFN-I activates STAT3 that binds to the Gzmb promoter to activate Gzmb transcription in CTLs. CONCLUSION IFN-I induces STAT3 activation to activate Gzmb expression to enhance CTL effector function to suppress tumor development. Human colorectal carcinoma may use down-regulation of IFNAR1 on CTLs to suppress CTL effector function to evade host cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
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172
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Sprooten J, Agostinis P, Garg AD. Type I interferons and dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:217-262. [PMID: 31810554 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) facilitate cancer immunosurveillance, antitumor immunity and antitumor efficacy of conventional cell death-inducing therapies (chemotherapy/radiotherapy) as well as immunotherapy. Moreover, it is clear that dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in aiding type I IFN-driven immunity. Owing to these antitumor properties several immunotherapies involving, or inducing, type I IFNs have received considerable clinical attention, e.g., recombinant IFNα2 or agonists targeting pattern recognition receptor (PRR) pathways like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cGAS-STING or RIG-I/MDA5/MAVS. A series of preclinical and clinical evidence concurs that the success of anticancer therapy hinges on responsiveness of both cancer cells and DCs to type I IFNs. In this article, we discuss this link between type I IFNs and DCs in the context of cancer biology, with particular attention to mechanisms behind type I IFN production, their impact on DC driven anticancer immunity, and the implications of this for cancer immunotherapy, including DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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173
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Zhu C, Zou C, Guan G, Guo Q, Yan Z, Liu T, Shen S, Xu X, Chen C, Lin Z, Cheng W, Wu A. Development and validation of an interferon signature predicting prognosis and treatment response for glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1621677. [PMID: 31428519 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1621677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interferon treatment, as an important approach of anti-tumor immunotherapy, has been implemented in multiple clinical trials of glioma. However, only a small number of gliomas benefit from it. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the clinical role of interferons and to establish robust biomarkers to facilitate its application. Materials and methods: This study reviewed 1,241 glioblastoma (GBM) and 1,068 lower grade glioma (LGG) patients from six glioma cohorts. The transcription matrix and clinical information were analyzed using R software, GraphPad Prism 7 and Medcalc, etc. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed for validation in protein level. Results: Interferon signaling was significantly enhanced in GBM. An interferon signature was developed based on five interferon genes with prognostic significance, which could reflect various interferon statuses. Survival analysis showed the signature could serve as an unfavorable prognostic factor independently. We also established a nomogram model integrating the risk signature into traditional prognostic factors, which increased the validity of survival prediction. Moreover, high-risk group conferred resistance to chemotherapy and high IFNB1 expression levels. Functional analysis showed that the high-risk group was associated with overloaded immune response. Microenvironment analysis and IHC staining found that high-risk group occupied a disorganized microenvironment which was characterized by an enrichment of M0 macrophages and neutrophils, but less infiltration of activated nature killing (NK) cells and M1 type macrophages. Conclusion: This interferon signature was an independent indicator for unfavorable prognosis and showed great potential for screening out patients who will benefit from chemotherapy and interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cunyi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zihao Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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174
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Huang J, Li J, Li Y, Lu Z, Che Y, Mao S, Lei Y, Zang R, Zheng S, Liu C, Wang X, Li N, Sun N, He J. Interferon-inducible lncRNA IRF1-AS represses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by promoting interferon response. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:86-99. [PMID: 31173852 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play crucial roles in the development and treatment of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging molecules involved in cancer progression. Here, we identified and characterized an IFN-inducible nuclear lncRNA IRF1-AS (Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Antisense RNA) which was positively correlated with IRF1 expression. IFNs upregulate IRF1-AS via the JAK-STAT pathway. Knockdown and overexpression of IRF1-AS revealed that IRF1-AS inhibits oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IRF1-AS activates IRF1 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 1) transcription through interacting with ILF3 (Interleukin Enhancer Binding Factor 3) and DHX9 (DExH-Box Helicase 9). In turn, IRF1 binds to the IRF1-AS promoter directly and activates IRF1-AS transcription. Global analysis of IRF1-AS-regulated genes indicated that IRF1-AS activates the IFN response in vitro and in vivo. IRF1 knockdown in IRF1-AS-overexpressing cells abolished the antiproliferative effect and activation of the IFN response. Furthermore, IRF1-AS was downregulated in ESCC tissues, and low expression correlated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, the interferon-inducible lncRNA IRF1-AS represses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by promoting interferon response through a positive regulatory loop with IRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiagen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruochuan Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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175
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Abstract
Healthy tissues of the body express relatively low basal levels of interferons. However, following detection of microbial invasion by sentinel receptors, a cascade of events initiates leading to the transcriptional induction of interferon genes. Interferons are secreted and act primarily as paracrine cytokines to bind neighboring cell surface receptors. Binding to interferon receptors activates a signal pathway to the nucleus inducing a set of interferon-stimulated genes. The biological activity of these genes confers the unique antiviral and innate immune response of interferons. The rapid induction of interferons is critical to survival, and equally critical is the recovery from this defensive state. Either an aberrant response to infection or an inherited genetic disorder that leads to sustained or increased interferon levels can tip the balance towards pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Reich
- Stony Brook University, Dept Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, 11796 Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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176
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Transcriptome Analysis Shows That IFN-I Treatment and Concurrent SAV3 Infection Enriches MHC-I Antigen Processing and Presentation Pathways in Atlantic Salmon-Derived Macrophage/Dendritic Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050464. [PMID: 31121853 PMCID: PMC6563251 DOI: 10.3390/v11050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) have been shown to play an important role in shaping adaptive immune responses in addition to their antiviral properties in immune cells. To gain insight into the impact of IFN-I-induced pathways involved in early adaptive immune responses, i.e., antigen-presenting pathways, in an Atlantic salmon-derived (Salmo salar L.) macrophage cell line (TO-cells), we used a comparative de novo transcriptome analysis where cells were treated with IFN-I or kept untreated and concurrently infected with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3). We found that concurrent treatment of TO-cells with IFN-I and SAV3 infection (SAV3/IFN+) significantly enriched the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway unlike the non-IFN-I treated TO-cells (SAV3/IFN−) that had lower expression levels of MHC-I pathway-related genes. Genes such as the proteasomal activator (PA28) and β-2 microglobulin (β2M) were only differentially expressed in the SAV3/IFN+ cells and not in the SAV3/IFN− cells. MHC-I pathway genes like heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), transporter of antigen associated proteins (TAPs) and tapasin had higher expression levels in the SAV3/IFN+ cells than in the SAV3/IFN− cells. There were no MHC-II pathway-related genes upregulated in SAV3/IFN+-treated cells, and cathepsin S linked to the degradation of endosomal antigens in the MHC-II pathway was downregulated in the SAV3/IFN− cells. Overall, our findings show that concurrent IFN-I treatment of TO-cells and SAV3 infection enriched gene expression linked to the MHC-I antigen presentation pathway. Data presented indicate a role of type I IFNs in strengthening antigen processing and presentation that may facilitate activation particularly of CD8+ T-cell responses following SAV3 infection, while SAV3 infection alone downplayed MHC-II pathways.
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177
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Pokrovsky VS, Chepikova OE, Davydov DZ, Zamyatnin AA, Lukashev AN, Lukasheva EV. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and their Application in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:446-464. [PMID: 28990519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are essential components in various biochemical pathways. The deprivation of certain amino acids is an antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of amino acid-dependent cancers which exploits the compromised metabolism of malignant cells. Several studies have focused on the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of amino acid degrading enzymes, namely L-asparaginase, L-methionine γ-lyase, L-arginine deiminase, L-lysine α-oxidase. Further research into cancer cell metabolism may therefore define possible targets for controlling tumor growth. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress in the relationship between amino acids metabolism and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on Lasparagine, L-methionine, L-arginine and L-lysine degrading enzymes and their formulations, which have been successfully used in the treatment of several types of cancer. METHODS We carried out a structured search among literature regarding to amino acid degrading enzymes. The main aspects of search were in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials concerning application of these enzymes in oncology. RESULTS Most published research are on the subject of L-asparaginase properties and it's use for cancer treatment. L-arginine deiminase has shown promising results in a phase II trial in advanced melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other enzymes, in particular Lmethionine γ-lyase and L-lysine α-oxidase, were effective in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The findings of this review revealed that therapy based on amino acid depletion may have the potential application for cancer treatment but further clinical investigations are required to provide the efficacy and safety of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico- Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Lukasheva
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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178
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Validation of a cell-based colorimetric reporter gene assay for the evaluation of Type I Interferons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:e00331. [PMID: 31061815 PMCID: PMC6487280 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The biotherapeutic type I interferons (IFN-I) are indicated to treat several diseases. These products are regulated to guarantee safety and efficacy through critical quality attributes. For this purpose, the development of robust assays is required, followed by its validation to demonstrate their suitability for its intended purpose. Despite there are some commercial kits to evaluate IFN-I signaling, these are focused on measuring in vitro biological response instead of their validation, which is a pharmaceutical industry requirement. The aim of this work was to validate the HEK-Blue IFN-α/β system evaluating the biological activity of IFN-α/β under good laboratory practices, according to international standards. Our results demonstrated that HEK-Blue IFN-α/β system comply with accuracy (r2>0.95) precision (CV < 20%) and specificity for both IFN-α/β; confirming that this assay is robust for this biotherapeutics' evaluation. Thereby, this bioassay could be implemented as a complementary method to the classical anti-proliferative and anti-viral assays under quality control environments.
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179
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Bastiaannet E, Battisti N, Loh KP, de Glas N, Soto-Perez-de-Celis E, Baldini C, Kapiteijn E, Lichtman S. Immunotherapy and targeted therapies in older patients with advanced melanoma; Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology review paper. J Geriatr Oncol 2019; 10:389-397. [PMID: 30025821 PMCID: PMC8074511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive cancer associated with a poor prognosis in patients with metastatic disease. As in many other cancers, the incidence of melanoma rises with age; and combined with the longer life expectancy, this led to an increasing prevalence of melanoma in the older population. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly improved the treatment of melanoma given their efficacy and tolerability profile. Two major classes of agents include the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, such as ipilimumab, and the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Treatment of metastatic disease with immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated improved efficacy and better safety profiles compared to cytotoxic drugs and appears to be an attractive treatment option. Nevertheless, there is a need for tools designed to better predict which older patients will benefit from its use and who will experience toxicities related to the treatment. Current data do not show a major increase in toxicity rates in older patients. However, patients above 75 are often under-represented and those who are included are not representative of the general population of older patients, thereby also stressing the need for real-life data. Ongoing research is aiming at maximizing the potential treatment efficacy and developing novel immune-targeting modalities. Future studies should include older patients and assess geriatric domains in these older patients to better guide decision-making. This review discusses published clinical trials and where known, the efficacy and toxicity in older patients. Moreover, the clinical implications and future perspectives are discussed, with current recommendations for older patients, management of toxicities, and a proposal for an initial approach to the treatment of older patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bastiaannet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicolò Battisti
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Kah Poh Loh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | - Nienke de Glas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis
- Cancer Care in the Elderly Clinic, Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Capucine Baldini
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex F-94805, France
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart Lichtman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
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180
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Mendes V, Galvão I, Vieira AT. Mechanisms by Which the Gut Microbiota Influences Cytokine Production and Modulates Host Inflammatory Responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:393-409. [PMID: 31013453 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract encounters a wide variety of microorganisms, including beneficial symbionts, pathobionts, and pathogens. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota, directly or indirectly through its components, such as metabolites, actively participates in the host inflammatory response by cytokine-microbiota or microbiota-cytokine modulation interactions, both in the gut and systemically. Therefore, further elucidation of host cytokine molecular pathways and microbiota components will provide a novel and promising therapeutic approach to control or prevent inflammatory disease and to maintain host homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to summarize well-established scientific findings and provide an updated overview regarding the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can influence the inflammatory response by modulating the host's cytokine pathways that are mostly involved, but not exclusively so, with gut homeostasis. In addition, we will highlight recent results from our group, which suggest that the microbiota promotes cytokine release from inflammatory cells though activation of microbial metabolite sensor receptors that are more highly expressed on inflammatory and intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviani Mendes
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- 3 Department of Cellular Biology ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Thomaz Vieira
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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181
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Pantelidou C, Sonzogni O, De Oliveria Taveira M, Mehta AK, Kothari A, Wang D, Visal T, Li MK, Pinto J, Castrillon JA, Cheney EM, Bouwman P, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S, Guerriero JL, Wulf GM, Shapiro GI. PARP Inhibitor Efficacy Depends on CD8 + T-cell Recruitment via Intratumoral STING Pathway Activation in BRCA-Deficient Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:722-737. [PMID: 31015319 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial clinical trials of PARP inhibitors with immunotherapies are ongoing, yet the immunomodulatory effects of PARP inhibition have been incompletely studied. Here, we sought to dissect the mechanisms underlying PARP inhibitor-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment of BRCA1-deficient triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor olaparib induces CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation in vivo, and that CD8+ T-cell depletion severely compromises antitumor efficacy. Olaparib-induced T-cell recruitment is mediated through activation of the cGAS/STING pathway in tumor cells with paracrine activation of dendritic cells and is more pronounced in HR-deficient compared with HR-proficient TNBC cells and in vivo models. CRISPR-mediated knockout of STING in cancer cells prevents proinflammatory signaling and is sufficient to abolish olaparib-induced T-cell infiltration in vivo. These findings elucidate an additional mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors and provide a rationale for combining PARP inhibition with immunotherapies for the treatment of TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE: This work demonstrates cross-talk between PARP inhibition and the tumor microenvironment related to STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway activation in cancer cells that governs CD8+ T-cell recruitment and antitumor efficacy. The data provide insight into the mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors in BRCA-associated breast cancer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantia Pantelidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olmo Sonzogni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mateus De Oliveria Taveira
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Imaging, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anita K Mehta
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditi Kothari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tanvi Visal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle K Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jocelin Pinto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica A Castrillon
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily M Cheney
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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182
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Axelrod ML, Cook RS, Johnson DB, Balko JM. Biological Consequences of MHC-II Expression by Tumor Cells in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2392-2402. [PMID: 30463850 PMCID: PMC6467754 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a key pillar of cancer treatment. To build upon the recent successes of immunotherapy, intense research efforts are aimed at a molecular understanding of antitumor immune responses, identification of biomarkers of immunotherapy response and resistance, and novel strategies to circumvent resistance. These studies are revealing new insight into the intricacies of tumor cell recognition by the immune system, in large part through MHCs. Although tumor cells widely express MHC-I, a subset of tumors originating from a variety of tissues also express MHC-II, an antigen-presenting complex traditionally associated with professional antigen-presenting cells. MHC-II is critical for antigen presentation to CD4+ T lymphocytes, whose role in antitumor immunity is becoming increasingly appreciated. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that tumor-specific MHC-II associates with favorable outcomes in patients with cancer, including those treated with immunotherapies, and with tumor rejection in murine models. Herein, we will review current research regarding tumor-enriched MHC-II expression and regulation in a range of human tumors and murine models, and the possible therapeutic applications of tumor-specific MHC-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Axelrod
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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183
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Suek N, Campesato LF, Merghoub T, Khalil DN. Targeted APC Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy to Enhance the Abscopal Effect. Front Immunol 2019; 10:604. [PMID: 31001249 PMCID: PMC6454083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In oncology, the “abscopal effect” refers to the therapeutic effect on a distant tumor resulting from the treatment of local tumor (e. g., ablation, injection, or radiation). Typically associated with radiation, the abscopal effect is thought to be mediated by a systemic antitumor immune response that is induced by two concurrent changes at the treated tumor: (1) the release of tumor antigens and (2) the exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns. Therapies that produce these changes are associated with immunogenic cell death (ICD). Some interventions have been shown to cause an abscopal effect without inducing the release of tumor antigens, suggesting that release of tumor antigens at baseline plays a significant role in mediating the abscopal effect. With tumor antigens already present, therapies that target activation of APCs alone may be sufficient to enhance the abscopal effect. Here, we discuss two therapies targeted at APC activation, TLR9 and CD40 agonists, and their use in the clinic to enhance the abscopal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Suek
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis Felipe Campesato
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Danny N Khalil
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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184
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Enhanced Antitumor Immune Response in 2'-5' Oligoadenylate Synthetase-Like 1- (OASL1-) Deficient Mice upon Cisplatin Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7596786. [PMID: 31049360 PMCID: PMC6462330 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7596786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a critical role in the antitumor immune response. In our previous study, we showed that IFN-I-inducible 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) negatively regulated IFN-I production upon tumor challenge similar to that of viral infection. Thus, OASL1-deficient (Oasl1−/−) mice were more resistant to implanted tumor growth than wild-type (WT) mice. In this study, we investigated whether targeting or suppressing OASL1 could show synergistic effects on tumor clearance with conventional cancer therapies (such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy) using Oasl1−/− mice and a transplantable lung metastatic tumor cell model. Upon treatment with the anticancer drug cisplatin, we found that Oasl1−/− mice showed enhanced resistance to injected tumors compared to untreated Oasl1−/− mice. Similarly, irradiated Oasl1−/− mice showed better resistance to tumor challenge than untreated Oasl1−/− mice. Additionally, we found that Oasl1−/− mice applied with both types of the cancer therapies contained more cytotoxic effector cells, such as CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and produced more cytotoxic effector cytokine IFN-γ as well as IFN-I in their tumor-containing lungs compared to untreated Oasl1−/− mice. Collectively, these results show that targeting OASL1 together with conventional cancer therapies could be an effective strategy to enhance treatment efficacy.
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185
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Eisenreich W, Rudel T, Heesemann J, Goebel W. How Viral and Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens Reprogram the Metabolism of Host Cells to Allow Their Intracellular Replication. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:42. [PMID: 30886834 PMCID: PMC6409310 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses and intracellular bacterial pathogens (IBPs) have in common the need of suitable host cells for efficient replication and proliferation during infection. In human infections, the cell types which both groups of pathogens are using as hosts are indeed quite similar and include phagocytic immune cells, especially monocytes/macrophages (MOs/MPs) and dendritic cells (DCs), as well as nonprofessional phagocytes, like epithelial cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. These terminally differentiated cells are normally in a metabolically quiescent state when they are encountered by these pathogens during infection. This metabolic state of the host cells does not meet the extensive need for nutrients required for efficient intracellular replication of viruses and especially IBPs which, in contrast to the viral pathogens, have to perform their own specific intracellular metabolism to survive and efficiently replicate in their host cell niches. For this goal, viruses and IBPs have to reprogram the host cell metabolism in a pathogen-specific manner to increase the supply of nutrients, energy, and metabolites which have to be provided to the pathogen to allow its replication. In viral infections, this appears to be often achieved by the interaction of specific viral factors with central metabolic regulators, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors, or by the introduction of virus-specific oncogenes. Less is so far known on the mechanisms leading to metabolic reprogramming of the host cell by IBPs. However, the still scant data suggest that similar mechanisms may also determine the reprogramming of the host cell metabolism in IBP infections. In this review, we summarize and compare the present knowledge on this important, yet still poorly understood aspect of pathogenesis of human viral and especially IBP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Goebel
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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186
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Plote D, Choi W, Mokkapati S, Sundi D, Ferguson JE, Duplisea J, Parker NR, Yla-Herttuala S, Committee SCB, McConkey D, Schluns KS, Dinney CP. Inhibition of urothelial carcinoma through targeted type I interferon-mediated immune activation. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1577125. [PMID: 31069136 PMCID: PMC6493227 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1577125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) has potent anti-tumor effects against urothelial carcinoma (UC) and may be an alternative treatment option for patients who do not respond to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. However, the mechanisms that mediate the IFN-I-stimulated immune responses against UC have yet to be elucidated. Herein, we evaluated the anti-tumor mechanisms of IFN-I in UC in human patients and in mice. Patient tumors from a Phase I clinical trial with adenoviral interferon-α (Ad-IFNα/Syn3) showed increased expression of T cell and checkpoint markers following treatment with Ad-IFNα/Syn3 by RNAseq and immunohistochemistry analysis in 25% of patients. In mice, peritumoral injections of poly(I:C) into MB49 UC tumors was used to incite an IFN-driven inflammatory response that significantly inhibited tumor growth. IFN-I engaged both innate and adaptive cells, seen in increased intratumoral CD8 T cells, NK cells, and CD11b+Ly6G+ cells, but tumor inhibition was not reliant on any one immune cell type. Nonetheless, poly(I:C)-mediated tumor regression and change in the myeloid cell landscape was dependent on IL-6. Mice were also treated with poly(I:C) in combination with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to assess for additional benefit to tumor growth and animal survival. When used in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb, IFN-I stimulation prolonged survival, coinciding with inhibition of angiogenesis and enriched gene signatures of metabolism, extracellular matrix organization, and MAPK/AKT signaling. Altogether, these findings suggest IFN-I's immune-driven antitumor response in UC is mediated by IL-6 and a collaboration of immune cells, and its use in combination with checkpoint blockade therapy can increase clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Plote
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; University of Texas Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharada Mokkapati
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James E Ferguson
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jon Duplisea
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - David McConkey
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly S Schluns
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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187
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Overcoming immune suppression with epigenetic modification in ovarian cancer. Transl Res 2019; 204:31-38. [PMID: 30048638 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impressive successes of immunotherapy have yet to be reliably translated to treatment of ovarian cancer, which may be a consequence of the unique barriers to T cell migration and tumor engagement in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. Epigenetic alterations contribute to establishment of these barriers and other mechanisms of immune subversion; therefore, epigenetic modifying agents represent an opportunity to mount effective antitumor immune responses by disrupting this finely tuned tumor epigenetic framework. Here, we discuss how epigenetic modifiers might permit and stimulate de novo antitumor immune responses in ovarian cancer, focusing largely on 2 common classes, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Specifically, increasing T and NK cell trafficking to the tumor microenvironment as well as induction of altered tumor cell phenotypes that promote immune engagement and cytotoxicity may provide a platform upon which to elaborate existing immunotherapeutic strategies. Indeed, promising combination of epigenetic modifying agents with checkpoint blockade antibodies or cellular therapies in preclinical models has led to a burgeoning number of clinical trials. Therefore, rather than implementation as a monotherapy, epigenetic modifiers may well be best suited as adjuvants in combinatorial strategies, potentiating antitumor immune responses and unleashing the promise of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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188
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Kosciuczuk EM, Mehrotra S, Saleiro D, Kroczynska B, Majchrzak-Kita B, Lisowski P, Driehaus C, Rogalska A, Turner A, Lienhoop T, Gius D, Fish EN, Vassilopoulos A, Platanias LC. Sirtuin 2-mediated deacetylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 promotes STAT1 signaling in type I interferon responses. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:827-837. [PMID: 30487288 PMCID: PMC6341380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) induce expression of multiple genes that control innate immune responses to invoke both antiviral and antineoplastic activities. Transcription of these interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) occurs upon activation of the canonical Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Phosphorylation and acetylation are both events crucial to tightly regulate expression of ISGs. Here, using mouse embryonic fibroblasts and an array of biochemical methods including immunoblotting and kinase assays, we show that sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a member of the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase family, is involved in type I IFN signaling. We found that SIRT2 deacetylates cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) in a type I IFN-dependent manner and that the CDK9 deacetylation is essential for STAT1 phosphorylation at Ser-727. We also found that SIRT2 is subsequently required for the transcription of ISGs and for IFN-driven antiproliferative responses in both normal and malignant cells. These findings establish the existence of a previously unreported signaling pathway whose function is essential for the control of JAK-STAT signaling and the regulation of IFN responses. Our findings suggest that targeting sirtuin activities may offer an avenue in the development of therapies for managing immune-related diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Kosciuczuk
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Swarna Mehrotra
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Diana Saleiro
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Barbara Kroczynska
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Beata Majchrzak-Kita
- the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2MI, Canada
| | - Pawel Lisowski
- the Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
- the Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Warsaw Medical University, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- the iPS Cell-Based Disease Modeling Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13092 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Caroline Driehaus
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Anna Rogalska
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Acara Turner
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Thomas Lienhoop
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - David Gius
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2MI, Canada
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611,
- the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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189
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NK cells specifically TCR-dressed to kill cancer cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:106-117. [PMID: 30665853 PMCID: PMC6413353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive T-cell transfer of therapeutic TCR holds great promise to specifically kill cancer cells, but relies on modifying the patient's own T cells ex vivo before injection. The manufacturing of T cells in a tailor-made setting is a long and expensive process which could be resolved by the use of universal cells. Currently, only the Natural Killer (NK) cell line NK-92 is FDA approved for universal use. In order to expand their recognition ability, they were equipped with Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs). However, unlike CARs, T-cell receptors (TCRs) can recognize all cellular proteins, which expand NK-92 recognition to the whole proteome. Methods We herein genetically engineered NK-92 to express the CD3 signaling complex, and showed that it rendered them able to express a functional TCR. Functional assays and in vivo efficacy were used to validate these cells. Findings This is the first demonstration that a non-T cell can exploit TCRs. This TCR-redirected cell line, termed TCR-NK-92, mimicked primary T cells phenotypically, metabolically and functionally, but retained its NK cell effector functions. Our results demonstrate a unique manner to indefinitely produce TCR-redirected lymphocytes at lower cost and with similar therapeutic efficacy as redirected T cells. Interpretation These results suggest that an NK cell line could be the basis for an off-the-shelf TCR-based cancer immunotherapy solution. Fund This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway (#254817), South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (#14/00500-79), by OUS-Radiumhospitalet (Gene Therapy program) and the department of Oncology at the University of Lausanne.
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190
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Reyes M, Vickers D, Billman K, Eisenhaure T, Hoover P, Browne EP, Rao DA, Hacohen N, Blainey PC. Multiplexed enrichment and genomic profiling of peripheral blood cells reveal subset-specific immune signatures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9223. [PMID: 30746468 PMCID: PMC6357748 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Specialized immune cell subsets are involved in autoimmune disease, cancer immunity, and infectious disease through a diverse range of functions mediated by overlapping pathways and signals. However, subset-specific responses may not be detectable in analyses of whole blood samples, and no efficient approach for profiling cell subsets at high throughput from small samples is available. We present a low-input microfluidic system for sorting immune cells into subsets and profiling their gene expression. We validate the system's technical performance against standard subset isolation and library construction protocols and demonstrate the importance of subset-specific profiling through in vitro stimulation experiments. We show the ability of this integrated platform to identify subset-specific disease signatures by profiling four immune cell subsets in blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and matched control subjects. The platform has the potential to make multiplexed subset-specific analysis routine in many research laboratories and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reyes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dwayne Vickers
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Hoover
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (N.H.); (P.C.B.)
| | - Paul C. Blainey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (N.H.); (P.C.B.)
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191
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Berraondo P, Sanmamed MF, Ochoa MC, Etxeberria I, Aznar MA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Ponz-Sarvise M, Castañón E, Melero I. Cytokines in clinical cancer immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:6-15. [PMID: 30413827 PMCID: PMC6325155 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on the discovery of the potent anti-tumour activities of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal models, clinical research led to the approval of recombinant interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 for the treatment of several malignancies, even if efficacy was only modest. These early milestones in immunotherapy have been followed by the recent addition to clinical practice of antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoints, as well as chimeric antigen receptor T cells. A renewed interest in the anti-tumour properties of cytokines has led to an exponential increase in the number of clinical trials that explore the safety and efficacy of cytokine-based drugs, not only as single agents, but also in combination with other immunomodulatory drugs. These second-generation drugs under clinical development include known molecules with novel mechanisms of action, new targets, and fusion proteins that increase half-life and target cytokine activity to the tumour microenvironment or to the desired effector immune cells. In addition, the detrimental activity of immunosuppressive cytokines can be blocked by antagonistic antibodies, small molecules, cytokine traps or siRNAs. In this review, we provide an overview of the novel trends in the cytokine immunotherapy field that are yielding therapeutic agents for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María C Ochoa
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria A Aznar
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Gracia
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María E Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz-Sarvise
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Castañón
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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192
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Intratumoral IFN-α gene delivery reduces tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells through the downregulation of tumor CCL17 expression. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 26:334-343. [PMID: 30420718 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of IFN-α on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is not fully understood. We previously reported that intratumoral IFN-α gene transduction decreased the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor by inducing the secretion of IL-6 from dendritic cells. In this study, we examined whether IFN-α affects the trafficking of Tregs to the tumor. Since CT26 cells expressed CCL17 among Treg-attracting chemokines, we focused on its role in IFN-α-mediated Treg suppression. IFN-α directly suppressed CCL17 production from CT26 cells in vitro, and IFN-α transduction reduced CCL17 expression in tumors in vivo. Next, to investigate whether CCL17 downregulation is related to the suppression of Treg trafficking, CCL17-downregulated CT26 cells produced using short hairpin RNA (CT26-shCCL17) were inoculated into mice. The frequency of Tregs in CT26-shCCL17 tumors was reduced and tumor growth was suppressed. Finally, to examine the combinatorial effect of IFN-α expression with CCL17 downregulation, IFN-α was transduced into CT26-shCCL17 tumors. This resulted in an elevation of CT26-specific CD8+ T cells and the complete eradication of tumors. This study shows a novel mechanism of IFN-α-mediated Treg suppression, and combining IFN-α gene therapy with strong CCL17 downregulation could offer a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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193
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Negishi H, Taniguchi T, Yanai H. The Interferon (IFN) Class of Cytokines and the IFN Regulatory Factor (IRF) Transcription Factor Family. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a028423. [PMID: 28963109 PMCID: PMC6211389 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a broad class of cytokines elicited on challenge to the host defense and are essential for mobilizing immune responses to pathogens. Divided into three classes, type I, type II, and type III, all IFNs share in common the ability to evoke antiviral activities initiated by the interaction with their cognate receptors. The nine-member IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family, first discovered in the context of transcriptional regulation of type I IFN genes following viral infection, are pivotal for the regulation of the IFN responses. In this review, we briefly describe cardinal features of the three types of IFNs and then focus on the role of the IRF family members in the regulation of each IFN system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Negishi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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194
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Yuliantie E, Dai X, Yang D, Crack PJ, Wang MW. High-throughput screening for small molecule inhibitors of the type-I interferon signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:889-899. [PMID: 30505658 PMCID: PMC6251811 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with fundamental roles in resistance to infections, cancer and other diseases. Type-I IFNs, interferon α (IFN-α) and interferon β (IFN-β), act through a shared receptor complex (IFNAR) comprised of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits. Binding of type-I IFN to IFNAR1 will robustly activate Janus activated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. Aberrant activation of the type-I IFN response results in a spectrum of disorders called interferonopathies. The purpose of this research is to develop an assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecule inhibitors of the type-I IFN signaling pathway. Inhibition of type-I IFN signaling can be beneficial in terms of therapeutic use and understanding the underlying mechanism of action. We report here a HTS campaign with the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene assay against 32,000 compounds which yielded 25 confirmed hits. These compounds were subsequently characterized for their cytotoxicity, effects on STAT phosphorylation and activities in IFN regulatory factor (IRF) transcription.
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Key Words
- CV, coefficient of variation
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- High-throughput screening
- IFN regulatory factor
- IFN, interferon
- IFNAR, IFN alpha receptor
- IRF, IFN regulatory factor
- ISGF3, IFN-stimulated gene factor 3
- ISRE, IFN-stimulated response element
- Inhibitor
- Interferon α receptor
- JAK, Janus activated kinase
- JAK-STAT
- S/B, signal to background ratio
- SEAP, secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- Secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase
- TYK, tyrosine kinase
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- pSTAT, phosphorylated STAT
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195
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The Protein Expression of PDL1 Is Highly Correlated with Those of eIF2 α and ATF4 in Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:5068701. [PMID: 30305853 PMCID: PMC6165588 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5068701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The expression of programmed death 1 (PD1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) can be induced by the interferon (IFN)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. The PD1/PDL1 reverse signaling can activate the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway which in turn regulates the expression of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 and IFNα. The eIF2α/ATF4 pathway is responsible for the integrated stress response (ISR) of unfolded protein response (UPR) which can affect immune cell function in tumor microenvironment. Materials and Methods The protein levels of PDL1, IRF1, IRF7, STAT1, STAT2, IFNAR1, eIF2α, and ATF4 in the normal and tumor tissues of 27 subjects with lung cancer were determined by Western blot. Results The protein level of PDL1 was significantly correlated with those of IRF1, eIF2α, and ATF4 in the tissues of all subjects and the subgroup of squamous cell carcinoma but not in the normal tissue of adenocarcinoma. The protein levels of IRF1, eIF2α, and ATF4 were consistently correlated in the tumor tissues but to various extents in the normal ones. The protein level of PDL1 was not correlated with those of STAT1 and STAT2 in all the tissues. Conclusion The PDL1 expression in lung cancer may be independent of STAT1 and STAT2. The PD1/PDL1 axis and UPR/ISR may be closely associated in the tumor tissues of lung cancer.
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196
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Pastor F, Berraondo P, Etxeberria I, Frederick J, Sahin U, Gilboa E, Melero I. An RNA toolbox for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:751-767. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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197
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Garrido D, Alber A, Kut E, Chanteloup NK, Lion A, Trotereau A, Dupont J, Tedin K, Kaspers B, Vervelde L, Trapp S, Schouler C, Guabiraba R. The role of type I interferons (IFNs) in the regulation of chicken macrophage inflammatory response to bacterial challenge. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 86:156-170. [PMID: 29729283 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian type I interferons (IFNα/β) are known to modulate inflammatory processes in addition to their antiviral properties. Indeed, virus-induced type I interferons regulate the mammalian phagocyte immune response to bacteria during superinfections. However, it remains unresolved whether type I IFNs similarly impact the chicken macrophage immune response. We first evidenced that IFNα and IFNβ act differently in terms of gene expression stimulation and activation of intracellular signaling pathways in chicken macrophages. Next, we showed that priming of chicken macrophages with IFNα increased bacteria uptake, boosted bacterial-induced ROS/NO production and led to an increased transcriptional expression or production of NOS2/NO, IL1B/IL-1β and notably IFNB/IFNβ. Neutralization of IFNβ during bacterial challenge limited IFNα-induced augmentation of the pro-inflammatory response. In conclusion, we demonstrated that type I IFNs differently regulate chicken macrophage functions and drive a pro-inflammatory response to bacterial challenge. These findings shed light on the diverse functions of type I IFNs in chicken macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Alber
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Kut
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Adrien Lion
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Karsten Tedin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Animal Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Trapp
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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198
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Budhwani M, Mazzieri R, Dolcetti R. Plasticity of Type I Interferon-Mediated Responses in Cancer Therapy: From Anti-tumor Immunity to Resistance. Front Oncol 2018; 8:322. [PMID: 30186768 PMCID: PMC6110817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of several therapeutic strategies against cancer, including cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, targeted immunotherapies and oncolytic viruses, depend on intact type I interferon (IFN) signaling for the promotion of both direct (tumor cell inhibition) and indirect (anti-tumor immune responses) effects. Malfunctions of this pathway in tumor cells or in immune cells may be responsible for the lack of response or resistance. Although type I IFN signaling is required to trigger anti-tumor immunity, emerging evidence indicates that chronic activation of type I IFN pathway may be involved in mediating resistance to different cancer treatments. The plastic and dynamic features of type I IFN responses should be carefully considered to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting IFN signaling. Here, we review available evidence supporting the involvement of type I IFN signaling in mediating resistance to various cancer therapies and highlight the most promising modalities that are being tested to overcome resistance.
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199
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Huong TN, Yan Y, Jumat MR, Lui J, Tan BH, Wang DY, Sugrue RJ. A sustained antiviral host response in respiratory syncytial virus infected human nasal epithelium does not prevent progeny virus production. Virology 2018; 521:20-32. [PMID: 29870884 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus infection was examined using a human nasal epithelial cell model. Maximum levels of shed-virus were produced at between 3 and 5 days post-infection (dpi), and the infectivity of the shed-virus was stable up to 10 dpi. The highest levels of interferon signalling were recorded at 2dpi, and infection induced a widespread antivirus response in the nasal epithelium, involving both infected cells and non-infected cells. Although these cellular responses were associated with reduced levels of progeny virus production and restricted virus spread, they did not inhibit the infectivity virus that is shed early in infection. In the clinical context these data suggest that although the host cell response in the nasal epithelium may restrict the levels of progeny virus particles produced, the stability of the shed-virus in the nasal mucosa may be an important factor in both disease progression and virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Nguyen Huong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Lui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Republic of Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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200
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Escobar G, Barbarossa L, Barbiera G, Norelli M, Genua M, Ranghetti A, Plati T, Camisa B, Brombin C, Cittaro D, Annoni A, Bondanza A, Ostuni R, Gentner B, Naldini L. Interferon gene therapy reprograms the leukemia microenvironment inducing protective immunity to multiple tumor antigens. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2896. [PMID: 30042420 PMCID: PMC6057972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a new pillar of cancer treatment with potential to cure. However, many patients still fail to respond to these therapies. Among the underlying factors, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a major role. Here we show that monocyte-mediated gene delivery of IFNα inhibits leukemia in a mouse model. IFN gene therapy counteracts leukemia-induced expansion of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and imposes an immunostimulatory program to the TME, as shown by bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses. This reprogramming promotes T-cell priming and effector function against multiple surrogate tumor-specific antigens, inhibiting leukemia growth in our experimental model. Durable responses are observed in a fraction of mice and are further increased combining gene therapy with checkpoint blockers. Furthermore, IFN gene therapy strongly enhances anti-tumor activity of adoptively transferred T cells engineered with tumor-specific TCR or CAR, overcoming suppressive signals in the leukemia TME. These findings warrant further investigations on the potential development of our gene therapy strategy towards clinical testing. An immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a limitation for immunotherapy. Here the authors show that, in a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia mouse model, gene-based delivery of IFNα reprograms the leukemia-induced immunosuppressive TME into immunostimulatory and enhances T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Escobar
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Barbarossa
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbiera
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Norelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Genua
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ranghetti
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Plati
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Camisa
- Division of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Brombin
- CUSSB-University Center for Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cittaro
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Annoni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Attilio Bondanza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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