151
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Ito Y, Hart JR, Vogt PK. Isoform-specific activities of the regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases - potentially novel therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:869-877. [PMID: 30205700 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1522302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main regulatory subunits of Class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p85α and p85β, initiate diverse cellular activities independent of binding to the catalytic subunit p110. Several of these signaling processes directly or indirectly contribute to a regulation of PI3K and could become targets for therapeutic efforts. Areas covered: This review will highlight two general areas of p85 activity: (1) direct interaction with regulatory proteins and with determinants of the cytoskeleton, and (2) a genetic analysis by deletion and domain switches identifying new functions for p85 domains. Expert Opinion: Isoform-specific activities of regulatory subunits have long been at the periphery of the PI3K field. Our understanding of these unique functions of the regulatory subunits is fragmentary and raises many important questions. At this time, there is insufficient information to translate this knowledge into the clinic, but some tempting targets have emerged that could move the field forward with the help of novel technologies in drug design and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Jonathan R Hart
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Peter K Vogt
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
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152
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Zhang N, Yu Z, Yang X, Zhou Y, Tang Q, Hu P, Wang J, Zhang SL, Wang MW, He Y. Difuran-substituted quinoxalines as a novel class of PI3Kα H1047R mutant inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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153
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Structural Basis for Regulation of Phosphoinositide Kinases and Their Involvement in Human Disease. Mol Cell 2018; 71:653-673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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154
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Janda M, McGrath S, Obermair A. Challenges and controversies in the conservative management of uterine and ovarian cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 55:93-108. [PMID: 30243603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uterine cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women worldwide with an estimated 320,000 annual diagnoses. Its most common form, endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial adenocarcinoma [EAC]), is thought to develop through excessive proliferation of endometrial glands, and then increasing steadily in incidence. The current standard treatment for EAC is hysterectomy, which is often curative. However, it may be unacceptably expensive for women with severe medical comorbidities, those who are at risk of intra- and postoperative adverse events and those who desire fertility. Ovarian cancer is the most malignant of all gynaecological cancers, but patients with disease limited to one ovary and patients with non-epithelial tumours may expect a good prognosis. A selected group of young patients who desire fertility may be well treated with conservative surgery. This chapter reviews patient selection, diagnosis, pre-treatment evaluation, treatment options, surveillance and risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janda
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Level 2, Building 33, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, 6th Floor Ned Hanlon Building, Herston QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Obermair
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, 6th Floor Ned Hanlon Building, Herston QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia; Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia.
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155
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Van Nyen T, Moiola CP, Colas E, Annibali D, Amant F. Modeling Endometrial Cancer: Past, Present, and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2348. [PMID: 30096949 PMCID: PMC6121384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common type of cancer of the female reproductive tract. Although prognosis is generally good for patients with low-grade and early-stage diseases, the outcomes for high-grade and metastatic/recurrent cases remain poor, since traditional chemotherapy regimens based on platinum and taxanes have limited effects. No targeted agents have been approved so far, although several new drugs have been tested without striking results in clinical trials. Over the last decades, many efforts have been made towards the establishment and development of preclinical models, aiming at recapitulating the structural and molecular determinants of the disease. Here, we present an overview of the most commonly used in vitro and in vivo models and discuss their peculiar features, describing their main applications and the value in the advancement of both fundamental and translational endometrial cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van Nyen
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cristian P Moiola
- Pathological Oncology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (Avl-NKI) and University Medical Centra (UMC), 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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156
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Munkley J, Maia TM, Ibarluzea N, Livermore KE, Vodak D, Ehrmann I, James K, Rajan P, Barbosa-Morais NL, Elliott DJ. Androgen-dependent alternative mRNA isoform expression in prostate cancer cells. F1000Res 2018; 7:1189. [PMID: 30271587 PMCID: PMC6143958 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15604.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Androgen steroid hormones are key drivers of prostate cancer. Previous work has shown that androgens can drive the expression of alternative mRNA isoforms as well as transcriptional changes in prostate cancer cells. Yet to what extent androgens control alternative mRNA isoforms and how these are expressed and differentially regulated in prostate tumours is unknown. Methods: Here we have used RNA-Seq data to globally identify alternative mRNA isoform expression under androgen control in prostate cancer cells, and profiled the expression of these mRNA isoforms in clinical tissue. Results: Our data indicate androgens primarily switch mRNA isoforms through alternative promoter selection. We detected 73 androgen regulated alternative transcription events, including utilisation of 56 androgen-dependent alternative promoters, 13 androgen-regulated alternative splicing events, and selection of 4 androgen-regulated alternative 3' mRNA ends. 64 of these events are novel to this study, and 26 involve previously unannotated isoforms. We validated androgen dependent regulation of 17 alternative isoforms by quantitative PCR in an independent sample set. Some of the identified mRNA isoforms are in genes already implicated in prostate cancer (including LIG4, FDFT1 and RELAXIN), or in genes important in other cancers (e.g. NUP93 and MAT2A). Importantly, analysis of transcriptome data from 497 tumour samples in the TGCA prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) cohort identified 13 mRNA isoforms (including TPD52, TACC2 and NDUFV3) that are differentially regulated in localised prostate cancer relative to normal tissue, and 3 ( OSBPL1A, CLK3 and TSC22D3) which change significantly with Gleason grade and tumour stage. Conclusions: Our findings dramatically increase the number of known androgen regulated isoforms in prostate cancer, and indicate a highly complex response to androgens in prostate cancer cells that could be clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Teresa M. Maia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- VIB Proteomics Core, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Nekane Ibarluzea
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Karen E. Livermore
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Vodak
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Ehrmann
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katherine James
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, UK
- Life and Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nuno L. Barbosa-Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - David J. Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
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157
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Yehia L, Eng C. 65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: One gene, many endocrine and metabolic syndromes: PTEN-opathies and precision medicine. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:T121-T140. [PMID: 29792313 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An average of 10% of all cancers (range 1-40%) are caused by heritable mutations and over the years have become powerful models for precision medicine practice. Furthermore, such cancer predisposition genes for seemingly rare syndromes have turned out to help explain mechanisms of sporadic carcinogenesis and often inform normal development. The tumor suppressor PTEN encodes a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that counteracts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade - one of the most critical growth-promoting signaling pathways. Clinically, individuals with germline PTEN mutations have diverse phenotypes and fall under the umbrella term PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). PHTS encompasses four clinically distinct allelic overgrowth syndromes, namely Cowden, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, Proteus and Proteus-like syndromes. Relatedly, mutations in other genes encoding components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway downstream of PTEN also predispose patients to partially overlapping clinical manifestations, with similar effects as PTEN malfunction. We refer to these syndromes as 'PTEN-opathies.' As a tumor suppressor and key regulator of normal development, PTEN dysfunction can cause a spectrum of phenotypes including benign overgrowths, malignancies, metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Relevant to clinical practice, the identification of PTEN mutations in patients not only establishes a PHTS molecular diagnosis, but also informs on more accurate cancer risk assessment and medical management of those patients and affected family members. Importantly, timely diagnosis is key, as early recognition allows for preventative measures such as high-risk screening and surveillance even prior to cancer onset. This review highlights the translational impact that the discovery of PTEN has had on the diagnosis, management and treatment of PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Germline High Risk Cancer Focus GroupCASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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158
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules more than 200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins. Recent studies have reported increasing numbers of functional lncRNAs. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a maternally imprinted gene encoding an lncRNA that plays a tumor suppressor role in various tumors. However, there has been rare report on mechanism of tumorigenesis and progression of endometrial carcinoma. In the present study, we found significantly lower MEG3 expression in endometrial carcinoma tissues than in normal endometrial tissues. MEG3 overexpression inhibited endometrial cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis; promoted apoptosis; and inhibited the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/m-TOR signaling pathway. RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP) showed that MEG3 can combine directly with PI3K. Tumor xenograft implantation in nude mice showed that MEG3 could significantly suppress tumor growth. These findings provide potential new therapeutic targets for treating endometrial cancer.
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159
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Shiraishi Y, Kataoka K, Chiba K, Okada A, Kogure Y, Tanaka H, Ogawa S, Miyano S. A comprehensive characterization of cis-acting splicing-associated variants in human cancer. Genome Res 2018; 28:1111-1125. [PMID: 30012835 PMCID: PMC6071634 DOI: 10.1101/gr.231951.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although many driver mutations are thought to promote carcinogenesis via abnormal splicing, the landscape of splicing-associated variants (SAVs) remains unknown due to the complexity of splicing abnormalities. Here, we developed a statistical framework to systematically identify SAVs disrupting or newly creating splice site motifs and applied it to matched whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing data from 8976 samples across 31 cancer types, generating a catalog of 14,438 SAVs. Such a large collection of SAVs enabled us to characterize their genomic features, underlying mutational processes, and influence on cancer driver genes. In fact, ∼50% of SAVs identified were those disrupting noncanonical splice sites (non-GT-AG dinucleotides), including the third and fifth intronic bases of donor sites, or newly creating splice sites. Mutation signature analysis revealed that tobacco smoking is more strongly associated with SAVs, whereas ultraviolet exposure has less impact. SAVs showed remarkable enrichment of cancer-related genes, and as many as 14.7% of samples harbored at least one SAVs affecting them, particularly in tumor suppressors. In addition to intron retention, whose association with tumor suppressor inactivation has been previously reported, exon skipping and alternative splice site usage caused by SAVs frequently affected tumor suppressors. Finally, we described high-resolution distributions of SAVs along the gene and their splicing outcomes in commonly disrupted genes, including TP53, PIK3R1, GATA3, and CDKN2A, which offers genetic clues for understanding their functional properties. Collectively, our findings delineate a comprehensive portrait of SAVs, novel insights into transcriptional de-regulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ai Okada
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kogure
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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160
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Kennedy S, Rice M, Toomey S, Horgan N, Hennessey BT, Larkin A. An insight into the molecular genetics of a uveal melanoma patient cohort. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1861-1868. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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161
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Wang M, Fan W, Ye M, Tian C, Zhao L, Wang J, Han W, Yang W, Gu C, Li M, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang H, Meng Y. Molecular profiles and tumor mutational burden analysis in Chinese patients with gynecologic cancers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8990. [PMID: 29895933 PMCID: PMC5997642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to investigate the tumor mutational burden (TMB) in Chinese patients with gynecologic cancer. In total, 117 patients with gynecologic cancers were included in this study. Both tumor DNA and paired blood cell genomic DNA were isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens and blood samples, and next-generation sequencing was performed to identify somatic mutations. TP53, PTEN, ARID1A, and PIK3CA alterations were significantly different in various types of gynecologic cancers (p = 0.001, 1.15E-07, 0.004, and 0.009, respectively). The median TMB of all 117 gynecologic tumor specimens was 0.37 mutations/Mb, with a range of 0-41.45 mutations/Mb. Despite the lack of significant difference, endometrial cancer cases had a higher median TMB than cervical and ovarian cancer cases. Younger gynecologic cancer patients (age <40 years) had a significantly lower TMB than older patients (age ≥40 years) (p = 0.04). In addition, TMB was significantly increased with increasing clinical stage of disease (p = 0.001). PTEN alterations were commonly observed in patients with a moderate to high TMB (n = 8, 38.10%, p = 9.95E-04). Although limited by sample size, all of the patients with TSC2 (n = 3, p = 3.83E-11) or POLE (n = 2, p = 0.005) mutations had a moderate to high TMB. Further large-scale, prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chen Tian
- Beijing Genecast Biotechnology Co., Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Beijing Genecast Biotechnology Co., Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Beijing Genecast Biotechnology Co., Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Han
- Beijing Genecast Biotechnology Co., Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chenglei Gu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Beijing Genecast Biotechnology Co., Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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162
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Mellor P, Marshall JDS, Ruan X, Whitecross DE, Ross RL, Knowles MA, Moore SA, Anderson DH. Patient-derived mutations within the N-terminal domains of p85α impact PTEN or Rab5 binding and regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7108. [PMID: 29740032 PMCID: PMC5940657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p85α protein regulates flux through the PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway, and also controls receptor trafficking via regulation of Rab-family GTPases. In this report, we determined the impact of several cancer patient-derived p85α mutations located within the N-terminal domains of p85α previously shown to bind PTEN and Rab5, and regulate their respective functions. One p85α mutation, L30F, significantly reduced the steady state binding to PTEN, yet enhanced the stimulation of PTEN lipid phosphatase activity. Three other p85α mutations (E137K, K288Q, E297K) also altered the regulation of PTEN catalytic activity. In contrast, many p85α mutations reduced the binding to Rab5 (L30F, I69L, I82F, I177N, E217K), and several impacted the GAP activity of p85α towards Rab5 (E137K, I177N, E217K, E297K). We determined the crystal structure of several of these p85α BH domain mutants (E137K, E217K, R262T E297K) for bovine p85α BH and found that the mutations did not alter the overall domain structure. Thus, several p85α mutations found in human cancers may deregulate PTEN and/or Rab5 regulated pathways to contribute to oncogenesis. We also engineered several experimental mutations within the p85α BH domain and identified L191 and V263 as important for both binding and regulation of Rab5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mellor
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jeremy D S Marshall
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xuan Ruan
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Dielle E Whitecross
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Ross
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley A Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Deborah H Anderson
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. .,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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163
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Pir2/Rnf144b is a potential endometrial cancer biomarker that promotes cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:504. [PMID: 29724995 PMCID: PMC5938710 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers in developed countries. Its incidence has increased 20% over the last decade and the death rate has increased >100% over the past two decades. Current models for prediction of prognosis and treatment response are suboptimal, and as such biomarkers to support clinical decision-making and contribute to individualised treatment are needed. In this study, we show that the E3-ubiquitin ligase PIR2/RNF144B is a potential targetable biomarker in endometrial cancer. At transcript level, it is expressed both in normal endometrium and tumour samples, but at protein level, it is expressed in tumours only. By using endometrial cancer cell lines, we demonstrated that PIR2/RNF144B is stabilised via phosphorylation downstream of GSK3β and this is necessary for the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells, in the absence of oestrogenic growth stimuli. Here, inactivation of GSK3β activity is associated with loss of PIR2/RNF144B protein and consequent inhibition of cell proliferation. Our results, therefore, substantiate PIR2/RNF144B as a novel candidate for targeted therapy in endometrial cancer.
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164
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Ghosh M, Öner D, Duca RC, Bekaert B, Vanoirbeek JAJ, Godderis L, Hoet PHM. Single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce sequence-specific epigenetic alterations in 16 HBE cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20351-20365. [PMID: 29755656 PMCID: PMC5945544 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified carbon nanotube (CNT)-induced epigenetic changes as one of the key players in patho-physiological response. In the present study, we investigated whether CNT exposure is associated with epigenetic changes in human bronchial epithelial cells (16 HBE), in vitro. We focused on global DNA methylation, methylation of LINE-1 elements and promoter sequence of twelve functionally important genes (SKI, DNMT1, HDAC4, NPAT, ATM, BCL2L11, MAP3K10, PIK3R2, MYO1C, TCF3, FGFR 1 and AGRN). Additionally, we studied the influence of CNT exposure on miRNA expression. Using a LC-MS/MS method and pyrosequencing for LINE-1, we observed no significant changes in global DNA methylation (%) between the concentrations of multi-walled and single-walled CNT (MWCNT and SWCNT, respectively). Significant changes in sequence-specific methylation was observed in at least one CpG site for DNMT1 (SWCNT), HDAC4 (MWCNT), NPAT/ATM (MWCNT and SWCNT), MAP3K10 (MWCNT), PIK3R2 (MWCNT and SWCNT) and MYO1C (SWCNT). While changes in DNA methylation of the genes were relatively small, these changes were associated with changes in RNA expression, especially for MWCNT. However, the study did not reveal any significant alteration in the miRNA expression, associated with MWCNT and SWCNT exposure. Based on our results, mainly MWCNT influence DNA methylation and expression of the studied genes and could have significant impact on several critical cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manosij Ghosh
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deniz Öner
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu C Duca
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Bekaert
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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165
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Characterization of PIK3CA and PIK3R1 somatic mutations in Chinese breast cancer patients. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1357. [PMID: 29636477 PMCID: PMC5893593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway contributes to the development and progression of tumors. Here, we determine that somatic mutations in PIK3CA (44%), PIK3R1 (17%), AKT3 (15%), and PTEN (12%) are prevalent and diverse in Chinese breast cancer patients, with 60 novel mutations identified. A high proportion of tumors harbors multiple mutations, especially PIK3CA plus PIK3R1 mutations (9.0%). Next, we develop a recombination-based mutation barcoding (ReMB) library for impactful mutations conferring clonal advantage in proliferation and drug responses. The highest-ranking PIK3CA and PIK3R1 mutations include previously reported deleterious mutations, as well as mutations with unknown significance. These PIK3CA and PIK3R1 impactful mutations exhibit a mutually exclusive pattern, leading to oncogenesis and hyperactivity of PI3K pathway. The PIK3CA impactful mutations are tightly associated with hormone receptor positivity. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of PI3K impactful mutations in breast cancer and have important implications for PI3K-targeted therapy in precision oncology. The PI3K pathway is altered across various cancer types. Here the authors use amplicon exon sequencing to analyze the landscape of somatic mutations affecting the PI3K pathway specifically in breast cancer patients in China.
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166
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Bendell JC, Varghese AM, Hyman DM, Bauer TM, Pant S, Callies S, Lin J, Martinez R, Wickremsinhe E, Fink A, Wacheck V, Moore KN. A First-in-Human Phase 1 Study of LY3023414, an Oral PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3253-3262. [PMID: 29636360 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The PI3K/mTOR pathway is frequently aberrated in cancer. LY3023414 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of class I PI3K isoforms, mTOR, and DNA-PK. Here we report the dose-escalation results of the first-in-human phase I study of LY3023414.Patients and Methods: A 3+3 dose escalation for once-daily and twice-daily oral dosing of LY3023414 was followed by an expansion cohort for CYP3A4 drug-drug interaction (DDI) assessment. The primary objective was to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Additional objectives included safety, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity.Results: Forty-seven patients with solid tumors received LY3023414 at once-daily (20-450 mg) or twice-daily dosing (150-250 mg). Dose-limiting toxicities were observed at 450 mg once-daily (thrombocytopenia, hypotension, hyperkalemia) in three of three patients, 250-mg twice-daily dosing (hypophosphatemia, fatigue, mucositis) in three of four patients, and in one of 15 patients at 200 mg twice-daily (nausea). Common related AEs included nausea (38%), fatigue (34%), and vomiting (32%) and were mostly mild or moderate. LY3023414 pharmacokinetics demonstrated dose-dependent increase in exposure with ≥ 90% target inhibition at doses ≥150 mg. DDI analysis demonstrated LY3023414 to be a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4. Durable partial response was observed in a patient with endometrial cancer harboring PIK3R1 and PTEN truncating mutations, and 13 additional patients (28%) had a decrease in their target lesions by up to 30%.Conclusions: LY3023414 has a tolerable safety profile and single-agent activity in patients with advanced cancers. The RP2D of LY3023414 monotherapy is 200 mg twice daily based on safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3253-62. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | | | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Todd M Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shubham Pant
- Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Ji Lin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | - Aaron Fink
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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167
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Dhami J, Hirshfield KM, Ganesan S, Hellmann M, Rojas V, Amorosa JK, Riedlinger GM, Zhong H, Ali SM, Pavlick D, Elvin JA, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L. Comprehensive genomic profiling aids in treatment of a metastatic endometrial cancer. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:a002089. [PMID: 29588307 PMCID: PMC5880253 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR-TACC fusions, including FGFR3-TACC3, have been identified as potential oncogenic drivers and actionable alterations in a number of different cancer types. The clinical relevance of FGFR3-TACC3 fusions in endometrial cancer has not yet been described. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded metastatic endometrial carcinoma from the spleen and peritoneum were sent for comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) using the FoundationOne platform as part of a prospective tumor genomic profiling protocol. We report the identification of an FGFR3-TACC3 fusion in a case of metastatic endometrioid endometrial cancer. Other potentially actionable alterations detected in this specimen included PIK3CA T1025S and an uncharacterized rearrangement involving TSC2 The patient initially received an FGFR inhibitor as an investigational agent and experienced stable disease with complete resolution of a pelvic nodule; however, treatment had to be discontinued because of intolerable side effects. A PET/CT scan nearly 3 mo after discontinuation showed disease progression. She subsequently received the mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus, later accompanied by letrozole, and achieved stable disease. Clinical benefit was attributed to the mTOR inhibitor as tumor stained negative for estrogen receptor. Temsirolimus was discontinued after >17 mo because of disease progression. FGFR inhibitors may have clinical benefit in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma with FGFR3-TACC3 fusions. Additionally, clinical benefit from an mTOR inhibitor may reflect a response to targeting the alteration in PIK3CA or TSC2 More research is needed to understand the activity of FGFR3-TACC3 fusions on tumors and to discover additional therapeutic options for endometrial carcinoma patients with this gene fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Dhami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Kim M Hirshfield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Mira Hellmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center-Hackensack Meridian Health, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, USA
| | - Veronica Rojas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Judith K Amorosa
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Gregory M Riedlinger
- Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey 07740, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey 07740, USA
| | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Dean Pavlick
- Foundation Medicine, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Julia A Elvin
- Foundation Medicine, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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168
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Dornan GL, Burke JE. Molecular Mechanisms of Human Disease Mediated by Oncogenic and Primary Immunodeficiency Mutations in Class IA Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:575. [PMID: 29616047 PMCID: PMC5868324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5, trisphosphate (PIP3) is an essential mediator of many vital cellular processes, including growth, survival, and metabolism. PIP3 is generated through the action of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), and their activity is tightly controlled through interactions with regulatory proteins and activating stimuli. The class IA PI3Ks are composed of three distinct p110 catalytic subunits (p110α, p110β, and p110δ), and they play different roles in specific tissues due to disparities in both expression and engagement downstream of cell-surface receptors. Disruption of PI3K regulation is a frequent driver of numerous human diseases. Activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of class IA PI3K are frequently mutated in several cancer types, and mutations in the PIK3CD gene encoding the p110δ catalytic subunit have been identified in primary immunodeficiency patients. All class IA p110 subunits interact with p85 regulatory subunits, and mutations/deletions in different p85 regulatory subunits have been identified in both cancer and primary immunodeficiencies. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding for the molecular basis of how class IA PI3K catalytic activity is regulated by p85 regulatory subunits, and how activating mutations in the PI3K catalytic subunits PIK3CA and PIK3CD (p110α, p110δ) and regulatory subunits PIK3R1 (p85α) mediate PI3K activation and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L Dornan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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169
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Ng PKS, Li J, Jeong KJ, Shao S, Chen H, Tsang YH, Sengupta S, Wang Z, Bhavana VH, Tran R, Soewito S, Minussi DC, Moreno D, Kong K, Dogruluk T, Lu H, Gao J, Tokheim C, Zhou DC, Johnson AM, Zeng J, Ip CKM, Ju Z, Wester M, Yu S, Li Y, Vellano CP, Schultz N, Karchin R, Ding L, Lu Y, Cheung LWT, Chen K, Shaw KR, Meric-Bernstam F, Scott KL, Yi S, Sahni N, Liang H, Mills GB. Systematic Functional Annotation of Somatic Mutations in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:450-462.e10. [PMID: 29533785 PMCID: PMC5926201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The functional impact of the vast majority of cancer somatic mutations remains unknown, representing a critical knowledge gap for implementing precision oncology. Here, we report the development of a moderate-throughput functional genomic platform consisting of efficient mutant generation, sensitive viability assays using two growth factor-dependent cell models, and functional proteomic profiling of signaling effects for select aberrations. We apply the platform to annotate >1,000 genomic aberrations, including gene amplifications, point mutations, indels, and gene fusions, potentially doubling the number of driver mutations characterized in clinically actionable genes. Further, the platform is sufficiently sensitive to identify weak drivers. Our data are accessible through a user-friendly, public data portal. Our study will facilitate biomarker discovery, prediction algorithm improvement, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kwok-Shing Ng
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shan Shao
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sohini Sengupta
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Zixing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Richard Tran
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Soewito
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Darlan Conterno Minussi
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniela Moreno
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathleen Kong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Turgut Dogruluk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hengyu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianjiong Gao
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Collin Tokheim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jia Zeng
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carman Ka Man Ip
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Wester
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuangxing Yu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lydia Wai Ting Cheung
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenna R Shaw
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Song Yi
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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170
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Karlsson T, Krakstad C, Tangen IL, Hoivik EA, Pollock PM, Salvesen HB, Lewis AE. Endometrial cancer cells exhibit high expression of p110β and its selective inhibition induces variable responses on PI3K signaling, cell survival and proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3881-3894. [PMID: 28002804 PMCID: PMC5354802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN loss and constitutive activation of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are key drivers of endometrial tumorigenesis. In some cancer types, PTEN-deficient tumors are reliant on class I PI3K p110β (encoded by PIK3CB) activity but little is known about this contribution in endometrial tumorigenesis. In this study, we find that p110β is overexpressed in a panel of 7 endometrial cancer cell lines compared to non-transformed cells. Furthermore, in 234 clinically annotated patient samples, PIK3CB mRNA levels increase significantly in the early phase of tumorigenesis from precursors to low grade primary malignant lesions whereas PIK3CA levels are higher in non-endometrioid compared to endometrioid primary tumors. While high levels of either PIK3CA or PIK3CB associate with poor prognosis, only elevated PIK3CB mRNA levels correlate with a high cell cycle signature score in clinical samples. In cancer cell lines, p110α inhibition reduces cell viability by inducing cell death in PIK3CA mutant cells while p110β inhibition delayed proliferation in PTEN-deficient cells, but not in WT cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that PIK3CB/p110β contributes to some of the pleiotropic functions of PI3K in endometrial cancer, particularly in the early steps by contributing to cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Løberg Tangen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling A Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Helga B Salvesen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurélia E Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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171
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Aslan O, Cremona M, Morgan C, Cheung LW, Mills GB, Hennessy BT. Preclinical evaluation and reverse phase protein Array-based profiling of PI3K and MEK inhibitors in endometrial carcinoma in vitro. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:168. [PMID: 29426295 PMCID: PMC5807759 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is the most commonly activated pathway in cancers due to mutations at multiple nodes and loss of PTEN. Furthermore, in endometrial cancer (EC), PI3K and RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK (RAS/MAPK herein) pathway mutations frequently co-exist. We examined the role of PI3K and RAS/MAPK pathway mutations in determining responsiveness to therapies targeted to these pathways in vitro in EC. METHODS 13 EC cell lines were profiled for their PI3K pathway and KRAS mutational and PTEN protein status and treated with one MEK- and two PI3K- targeted inhibitors alone and in combination. Expression and phosphorylation of 66 proteins were evaluated by Reverse-Phase-Protein-Array (RPPA) in 6 EC cell lines to identify signalling changes in these pathways in response to therapy. RESULTS PTEN protein loss and the absence of any tested pathway mutations are dominant negative predictors of sensitivity to MEK inhibition. KRAS-mutated cells were most sensitive to MEK inhibition, but significantly more resistant to PI3K inhibition than KRAS-wild-type cell lines. Combinations of PI3K and MEK inhibitors showed synergy or additivity in all but two cell lines tested. Treatment of KRAS-mutated cells with PI3K inhibitors and treatment of PTEN-low cells with a MEK inhibitor were most likely to induce activation of MEK/MAPK and AKT, respectively, likely indicative of feedback-loop regulation. CONCLUSIONS MEK inhibition may be a promising treatment modality, not just for ECs with mutated KRAS, but also for those with retained PTEN. Up-regulation of MEK/MAPK signalling by PI3K inhibition, and up-regulation of AKT activation by MEK inhibition may serve as potential biomarkers of likely responsiveness to each inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Aslan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mattia Cremona
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Clare Morgan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Lydia W. Cheung
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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172
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Ma Z, Liu X, Li F, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang M, Zhang X, Ying X, Zhang X. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces human Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion through activation of ERK/mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66558-66568. [PMID: 27589685 PMCID: PMC5341820 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a common environmental pollutant that has been associated with various diseases, including cancer. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying PFOA-induced endometrial cancer cell invasion and migration. PFOA treatment enhanced migration and invasion by human Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells, which correlated with decreased E-cadherin expression, a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PFOA also induced activation of ERK1/2/mTOR signaling. Treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, antagonized the effects of PFOA and reversed the effects of PFOA activation in a xenograft mouse model of endometrial cancer. Consistent with these results, pre-treatment with rapamycin abolished PFOA-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin expression. These results indicate that PFOA is a carcinogen that promotes endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion through activation of ERK/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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173
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Kim C, Lee CK, Chon HJ, Kim JH, Park HS, Heo SJ, Kim HJ, Kim TS, Kwon WS, Chung HC, Rha SY. PTEN loss and level of HER2 amplification is associated with trastuzumab resistance and prognosis in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113494-113501. [PMID: 29371924 PMCID: PMC5768341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trastuzumab is an active agent against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to characterize resistance to trastuzumab-based front-line chemotherapy in HER2+ GC patients and to establish factors predictive of this resistance. Results Among 129 HER2+ GC patients, 25% displayed rapid disease progression within 4 months from initiation of therapy. These patients showed a higher rate of signet ring cell histology, bone metastasis, poor performance status, frequent loss of PTEN expression, and low HER2 amplification index compared with patients who were progression-free for at least 4 months. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the frequency of the PIK3R1 variant. Multivariate analyses confirmed two independent molecular predictors for trastuzumab resistance: loss of PTEN expression and low HER2 amplification index (<5). Patients with one or both molecular predictors at diagnosis exhibited worse progression-free and overall survival compared to those without risk factors (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion In HER2+ GC patients, loss of PTEN expression and low HER2 AI correlated with resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy and dismal prognosis. Since patients harboring these molecular predictors are unlikely to respond to trastuzumab-based therapy, other novel therapeutic targets needed to be considered. Methods HER2+ GC patients who were treated with trastuzumab in combination with either 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin or capecitabine/cisplatin were enrolled. Clinicopathologic features and molecular alterations of HER2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were correlated with treatment outcome. Factors predictive of resistance were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Choong-Kun Lee
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Hoon Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Heo
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Tae Soo Kim
- Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kwon
- Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liu X, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Chen M, Zhang Y, Liang H, Zhao J, Zhong W, Wang M. PI3K in cancer: its structure, activation modes and role in shaping tumor microenvironment. Future Oncol 2017; 14:665-674. [PMID: 29219001 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of PI3K in cancer has been well established, and mutations of PIK3CA, the gene coding for catalytic subunit p110α of PI3K, are found in approximately 30% human cancers. The hyperactivated PI3K pathway plays a central role in the tumor cell activities such as proliferation, differentiation, chemotaxis, survival, trafficking and metabolism. Besides, PI3K pathway is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and the host immune response against cancer. Therefore, the inhibition of PI3K pathway can yield multifaceted tumor cell-extrinsic effects that may synergize with chemotherapy, and more importantly, with the newly revived immunotherapy. Here, we review the structures and activation modes of PI3Ks and its implications in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Hongge Liang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
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175
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Whitecross DE, Anderson DH. Identification of the Binding Sites on Rab5 and p110beta Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16194. [PMID: 29170408 PMCID: PMC5700975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab5 is a small monomeric GTPase that mediates protein trafficking during endocytosis. Inactivation of Rab5 by GTP hydrolysis causes a conformational change that masks binding sites on its “switch regions” from downstream effectors. The p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) towards Rab5. Whereas p85 can bind with both Rab5-GTP and Rab5-GDP, the PI3K catalytic subunit p110β binds only Rab5-GTP, suggesting it interacts with the switch regions. Thus, the GAP functions of the catalytic arginine finger (from p85) and switch region stabilization (from p110β) may be provided by both proteins, acting together. To identify the Rab5 residues involved in binding p110β, residues in the Rab5 switch regions were mutated. A stabilized recombinant p110 protein, where the p85-iSH2 domain was fused to p110 (alpha or beta) was used in binding experiments. Eleven Rab5 mutants, including E80R and H83E, showed reduced p110β binding. The Rab5 binding site on p110β was also resolved through mutation of p110β in its Ras binding domain, and includes residues I234, E238 and Y244. This is a second region within p110β important for Rab5 binding. The Rab5-GTP:p110β interaction may be further elucidated through the characterization of these non-binding mutants in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dielle E Whitecross
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Deborah H Anderson
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. .,Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Tan X, Dai L, Wang Y, Liang G, Yang N, Chen M. Responses to crizotinib and disease monitoring with circulating tumor cells in lung adenocarcinoma patient with MET exon 14 skipping mutation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8744. [PMID: 29381967 PMCID: PMC5708966 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping mutation was a targetable alteration in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the MET inhibitor of crizotinib had the most efficacy among all the targeted drugs. Most of the cancer-related deaths are associated with metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been a valuable biomarker in assessing metastasis. Recent experiences suggested that CTCs detection may help improve diagnosis and predict prognosis for patients with NSCLC. However, few literatures have reported the CTCs detection based on the (MET) exon 14 skipping, which are positive in NSCLC patients. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient, a 69-year-old Chinese male, with a 50 years history of smoking. Because of the cough, the patient went to the hospital and found the upper right lung tumor and the right supraclavicular lymph node enlarged. He was worried that it was cancer. DIAGNOSES The patient was performed biopsy of the right clavicle lymph node metastasis on October 12 and sent the tissue specimen for pathological evaluation. Finally, the patient was diagnosed to be with a pT3N3Mx stage IIIC lung adenocarcinoma. INTERVENTIONS The patient began to take orally crizotinib 250 mg twice a day for the medical therapy after lymph node biopsy. At the same time, the CTCs were detected to observe the prognosis of the patients. OUTCOMES Compared with the first CTCs result, the second test revealed a decrease in the amount of CTCs, while the mesenchymal CTCs have increased, indicating the possibility of distal metastasis. LESSONS This is the first proof that CTCs can be quantitatively assayed by MET exon 14 skipping mutation, which demonstrates the clinical response to crizotinib. More cases should be reported and further evaluation for treatment options and prognosis evaluation is necessary.
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MacKay HJ, Levine DA, Bae-Jump VL, Bell DW, McAlpine JN, Santin A, Fleming GF, Mutch DG, Nephew KP, Wentzensen N, Goodfellow PJ, Dorigo O, Nijman HW, Broaddus R, Kohn EC. Moving forward with actionable therapeutic targets and opportunities in endometrial cancer: NCI clinical trials planning meeting report on identifying key genes and molecular pathways for targeted endometrial cancer trials. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84579-84594. [PMID: 29137450 PMCID: PMC5663622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates from endometrial cancer are increasing. There have been no new drugs approved for the treatment of endometrial cancer in decades. The National Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Cancer Steering Committee identified the integration of molecular and/or histologic stratification into endometrial cancer management as a top strategic priority. Based on this, they convened a group of experts to review the molecular data in this disease. Here we report on the actionable opportunities and therapeutic directions identified for incorporation into future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. MacKay
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer, Department of OB/GYN, NYU Langone Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victoria L. Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, CA, United States
| | - Daphne W. Bell
- Reproductive Cancer Genetics Section, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute/NIH, MSC 8000, Bethesda, ML, United States
| | - Jessica N. McAlpine
- University of British Columbia & BC Cancer Agency, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alessandro Santin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gini F. Fleming
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David G. Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, ML, United States
| | - Paul J. Goodfellow
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Division Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hans W. Nijman
- Department of Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, Unit 85, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Clinical Investigations Branch of The Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, ML, United States
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Morgese F, Soldato D, Pagliaretta S, Giampieri R, Brancorsini D, Torniai M, Rinaldi S, Savini A, Onofri A, Scarpelli M, Berardi R. Impact of phosphoinositide-3-kinase and vitamin D3 nuclear receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the outcome of malignant melanoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75914-75923. [PMID: 29100280 PMCID: PMC5652674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies associating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) frequencies with tumors outcome have been conducted, nevertheless malignant melanoma literature data are inconclusive. Therefore we evaluate the impact of different genotypes for phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and vitamin D3 nuclear receptor (VDR) SNPs on melanoma patients’ outcome. Materials and methods Genomic DNA of 88 patients was extracted from blood and tumor samples. SNPs were determined by PCR using TaqMan assays. We selected polymorphisms of the regulatory and catalytic subunit of PI3K (PIK3R1 and PIK3CA genes, respectively), analyzing rs2699887C>T of PIK3CA and rs3730089G>A of PIK3R1 SNPs. Furthermore we considered the following VDR SNPs: rs2228570A>G (Fok1), rs731236A>G (Taq1) and rs1544410C>T (Bsm1). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and with Mantel-Haenszel log-rank test. Results The statistical analysis for Fok1 of VDR showed a significant difference in PFS after the first line therapy (median PFS= 21.2 months in the homozygous recessive genotype group vs. 3.3 months of homozygous dominant and heterozygous ones, p= 0.03). In particular, in homozygous recessive patients for Fok1 SNPs of VDR a high rate of histological regression and BRAF (B- Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma gene) mutation were observed. Furthermore, more efficacy of BRAF +/- MEK (MAPK-ERK-Kinase) inhibitors therapies in homozygous recessive patients vs. homozygous dominant and heterozygous ones was shown. Conclusions Our study showed a significant correlation between homozygous recessive genotype of Fok1 SNPs of VDR gene and an increased PFS in patients who underwent a first line therapy with BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Morgese
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Soldato
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Pagliaretta
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giampieri
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Donatella Brancorsini
- Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Deparment of Neuroscience, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariangela Torniai
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Agnese Savini
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Azzurra Onofri
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Deparment of Neuroscience, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
Endometrial carcinomas (ECs) are heterogeneous at the genetic level. Although TP53 mutations are highly recurrent in serous endometrial carcinomas (SECs), these are also present in a subset of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs). Here, we sought to define the frequency, pattern, distribution, and type of TP53 somatic mutations in ECs by performing a reanalysis of the publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 228 EECs (n=186) and SECs (n=42) from the TCGA data set, for which an integrated genomic characterization was performed, were interrogated for the presence and type of TP53 mutations, and for mutations in genes frequently mutated in ECs. TP53 mutations were found in 15% of EECs and 88% of SECs, and in 91% of copy-number-high and 35% of polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon, catalytic subunit (POLE) integrative genomic subtypes. In addition to differences in prevalence, variations in the type and pattern of TP53 mutations were observed between histologic types and between integrative genomic subtypes. TP53 hotspot mutations were significantly more frequently found in SECs (46%) than in EECs (15%). TP53-mutant EECs significantly more frequently harbored a co-occurring PTEN mutation than TP53-mutant SECs. Finally, a subset of TP53-mutant ECs (22%) was found to harbor frameshift or nonsense mutations. Given that nonsense and frameshift TP53 mutations result in distinct p53 immunohistochemical results that require careful interpretation, and that EECs and SECs display different patterns, types, and distributions of TP53 mutations, the use of the TP53/p53 status alone for the differential diagnosis of EECs and SECs may not be sufficient.
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180
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PTEN deficiency sensitizes endometrioid endometrial cancer to compound PARP-PI3K inhibition but not PARP inhibition as monotherapy. Oncogene 2017; 37:341-351. [PMID: 28945226 PMCID: PMC5799770 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as promising cancer therapeutics especially for tumors with deficient homologous recombination (HR) repair. However, as HR-deficient tumors represent only a small fraction of endometrial cancers, the therapeutic utility of PARP inhibitors is limited in this disease. Somatic loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor that counteracts phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, is one of the most common genetic aberrations in endometrioid endometrial cancer. While previous works have identified the role of PTEN in DNA double-strand break repair, vulnerabilities of PTEN-deficient endometrioid endometrial cancers to PARP inhibition remain controversial. Here we find that PTEN-deficient endometrioid endometrial cancer cells are not responsive to PARP inhibitor Olaparib alone, but instead show superior sensitivity to compound inhibition with PI3K inhibitor BKM120, as evidenced by reduced clonogenic cell growth and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid disintegration. Mechanistically, PI3K blockade by BKM120 attenuated HR competency with γH2AX accumulation and reduced RAD51 and BRCA1 expression in Ishikawa, AN3CA and Nou-1 cells, but the same combination treatment led to enhanced phosphorylation of DNA-PK, a non-homologous end joining repair protein, in Hec-108 cells. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PTEN depletion rendered PTEN wild-type Hec-1A endometrioid endometrial cancer cells responsive to combined inhibition of PARP/PI3K, with concomitantly induced DNA damage accumulation and repair defects. The combination of BKM120 and Olaparib cooperated to inhibit tumor growth in a genetic mouse model of Pten-deficient endometrioid endometrial cancer. Together, these results suggest PI3K inhibition may be a plausible approach to expand the utility of PARP inhibitors to endometrioid endometrial cancers in a PTEN-deficient setting.
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181
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Le Gallo M, Rudd ML, Urick ME, Hansen NF, Merino MJ, Mutch DG, Goodfellow PJ, Mullikin JC, Bell DW. The FOXA2 transcription factor is frequently somatically mutated in uterine carcinosarcomas and carcinomas. Cancer 2017; 124:65-73. [PMID: 28940304 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs) are a rare but clinically aggressive form of cancer. They are biphasic tumors consisting of both epithelial and sarcomatous components. The majority of uterine carcinosarcomas are clonal, with the carcinomatous cells undergoing metaplasia to give rise to the sarcomatous component. The objective of the current study was to identify novel somatically mutated genes in UCSs. METHODS We whole exome sequenced paired tumor and nontumor DNAs from 14 UCSs and orthogonally validated 464 somatic variants using Sanger sequencing. Fifteen genes that were somatically mutated in at least 2 tumor exomes were Sanger sequenced in another 39 primary UCSs. RESULTS Overall, among 53 UCSs in the current study, the most frequently mutated of these 15 genes were tumor protein p53 (TP53) (75.5%), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (34.0%), protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha (PPP2R1A) (18.9%), F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) (18.9%), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4) (17.0%), and forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) (15.1%). FOXA2 has not previously been implicated in UCSs and was predominated by frameshift and nonsense mutations. One UCS with a FOXA2 frameshift mutation expressed truncated FOXA2 protein by immunoblotting. Sequencing of FOXA2 in 160 primary endometrial carcinomas revealed somatic mutations in 5.7% of serous, 22.7% of clear cell, 9% of endometrioid, and 11.1% of mixed endometrial carcinomas, the majority of which were frameshift mutations. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the findings of the current study provide compelling genetic evidence that FOXA2 is a pathogenic driver gene in the etiology of primary uterine cancers, including UCSs. Cancer 2018;124:65-73. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Le Gallo
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meghan L Rudd
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Ellen Urick
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy F Hansen
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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- National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James C Mullikin
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Eritja N, Yeramian A, Chen BJ, Llobet-Navas D, Ortega E, Colas E, Abal M, Dolcet X, Reventos J, Matias-Guiu X. Endometrial Carcinoma: Specific Targeted Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 943:149-207. [PMID: 27910068 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the western world with more than 280,000 cases per year worldwide. Prognosis for EC at early stages, when primary surgical resection is the most common initial treatment, is excellent. Five-year survival rate is around 70 %.Several molecular alterations have been described in the different types of EC. They occur in genes involved in important signaling pathways. In this chapter, we will review the most relevant altered pathways in EC, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, Tyrosine kinase, WNT/β-Catenin, cell cycle, and TGF-β signaling pathways. At the end of the chapter, the most significant clinical trials will be briefly discussed.This information is important to identify specific targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Eritja
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Bo-Juen Chen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navas
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Eugenia Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventos
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Otani Y, Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Oka T, Shimizu T, Tomita Y, Hattori Y, Uneda A, Matsumoto Y, Michiue H, Tomida S, Matsubara T, Ichikawa T, Date I. PIK3R1Met326Ile germline mutation correlates with cysteine-rich protein 61 expression and poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7391. [PMID: 28785028 PMCID: PMC5547066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, glioblastoma represents a lethal brain tumor. Recently, research to identify prognostic markers for glioblastoma has intensified. Our previous study demonstrated that median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with high cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1) expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with low CCN1 expression. To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate CCN1 expression, we examined 147 tumour samples from 80 patients with glioblastoma and 67 patients with lower grade glioma. Next-generation and Sanger sequencing showed that PIK3R1Met326Ile was more frequent in the CCN1 high expression group (10/37 cases, 27.0%) than the CCN1 low expression group (3/38 cases, 7.9%) in glioblastoma. This mutation was also detected in corresponding blood samples. In multivariate analysis, high CCN1 expression and PIK3R1Met326Ile in glioblastoma patients were prognostic factors for OS [HR = 2.488 (1.298–4.769), p = 0.006] and [HR = 2.089 (1.020–4.277), p = 0.0439], respectively. Thus, the PIK3R1Met326Ile germline appears to be correlated with CCN1 expression and poor prognosis in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Joji Ishida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Oka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shimizu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hattori
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Uneda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Michiue
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Okayama University Hospital Biobank, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Biobank, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Matsubara
- Okayama University Hospital Biobank, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Ichikawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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184
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Bilyk O, Coatham M, Jewer M, Postovit LM. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Female Reproductive Tract: From Normal Functioning to Disease Pathology. Front Oncol 2017; 7:145. [PMID: 28725636 PMCID: PMC5497565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that is vital throughout the human lifespan. In addition to contributing to the development of various tissues within the growing embryo, EMT is also responsible for wound healing and tissue regeneration later in adulthood. In this review, we highlight the importance of EMT in the development and normal functioning of the female reproductive organs (the ovaries and the uterus) and describe how dysregulation of EMT can lead to pathological conditions, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, and carcinogenesis. We also summarize the current literature relating to EMT in the context of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, with a particular focus on how molecular mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment can govern cancer cell plasticity, therapy resistance, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Bilyk
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Coatham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Jewer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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185
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Akgumus G, Chang F, Li MM. Overgrowth Syndromes Caused by Somatic Variants in the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:487-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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186
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Jones NL, Xiu J, Chatterjee-Paer S, Buckley de Meritens A, Burke WM, Tergas AI, Wright JD, Hou JY. Distinct molecular landscapes between endometrioid and nonendometrioid uterine carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1396-1404. [PMID: 27905110 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is traditionally characterized as endometrioid and nonendometrioid based on histopathologic phenotypes. Molecular-based classifications have been proposed, but are not widely implemented. Herein we examine molecular profiles between EC histologic subtypes. 3133 ECs were submitted between March 2011 and July 2014: 1634 Type I and 1226 Type II. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to assess copy number and protein expression of selected genes. Sequenced variants in 47 genes were analyzed using the Illumina TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel. Type II EC included 628 cases of uterine serous cancer (USC), 136 cases of clear cell (CC), 361 cases of carcinosarcoma (CS), 38 cases of mucinous, and 36 cases of squamous cell. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was most frequently dysregulated within Type I and mucinous histologies, least altered in CS and squamous. PD-L1 expression was highest in mucinous, absent in squamous. ER/PR expression was common in Type II, most frequent in USC, mucinous, and squamous. Receptor tyrosine kinase was frequently dysregulated in Type II disease: HER2 amplification highest in USC and CC, EGFR mutations exclusively seen in mucinous EC, KRAS mutations common in mucinous, squamous, and Type I, and c-MET overexpression high in CC and mucinous. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were most frequently mutated in CS. Grade 3 EC shares features of G1 tumor and Type II disease, most notably resembling CS. Endometrial carcinomas are a molecularly heterogeneous group of tumors. A histology-based molecular map can identify rational targets to optimize treatment and guide future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Jones
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - Sudeshna Chatterjee-Paer
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - William M Burke
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Ana I Tergas
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Jason D Wright
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - June Y Hou
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
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187
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PI3K-p110α mediates the oncogenic activity induced by loss of the novel tumor suppressor PI3K-p85α. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017. [PMID: 28630349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704706114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation or loss of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is emerging as a transforming factor in cancer, but the mechanism of transformation has been controversial. Here we find that hemizygous deletion of the PIK3R1 gene encoding p85α is a frequent event in breast cancer, with PIK3R1 expression significantly reduced in breast tumors. PIK3R1 knockdown transforms human mammary epithelial cells, and genetic ablation of Pik3r1 accelerates a mouse model of HER2/neu-driven breast cancer. We demonstrate that partial loss of p85α increases the amount of p110α-p85 heterodimers bound to active receptors, augmenting PI3K signaling and oncogenic transformation. Pan-PI3K and p110α-selective pharmacological inhibition effectively blocks transformation driven by partial p85α loss both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our data suggest that p85α plays a tumor-suppressive role in transformation, and suggest that p110α-selective therapeutics may be effective in the treatment of breast cancer patients with PIK3R1 loss.
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188
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Zhang Y, Kwok-Shing Ng P, Kucherlapati M, Chen F, Liu Y, Tsang YH, de Velasco G, Jeong KJ, Akbani R, Hadjipanayis A, Pantazi A, Bristow CA, Lee E, Mahadeshwar HS, Tang J, Zhang J, Yang L, Seth S, Lee S, Ren X, Song X, Sun H, Seidman J, Luquette LJ, Xi R, Chin L, Protopopov A, Westbrook TF, Shelley CS, Choueiri TK, Ittmann M, Van Waes C, Weinstein JN, Liang H, Henske EP, Godwin AK, Park PJ, Kucherlapati R, Scott KL, Mills GB, Kwiatkowski DJ, Creighton CJ. A Pan-Cancer Proteogenomic Atlas of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Alterations. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:820-832.e3. [PMID: 28528867 PMCID: PMC5502825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular alterations involving the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (including mutation, copy number, protein, or RNA) were examined across 11,219 human cancers representing 32 major types. Within specific mutated genes, frequency, mutation hotspot residues, in silico predictions, and functional assays were all informative in distinguishing the subset of genetic variants more likely to have functional relevance. Multiple oncogenic pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR converged on similar sets of downstream transcriptional targets. In addition to mutation, structural variations and partial copy losses involving PTEN and STK11 showed evidence for having functional relevance. A substantial fraction of cancers showed high mTOR pathway activity without an associated canonical genetic or genomic alteration, including cancers harboring IDH1 or VHL mutations, suggesting multiple mechanisms for pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Kwok-Shing Ng
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melanie Kucherlapati
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermo de Velasco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela Hadjipanayis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angeliki Pantazi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; KEW Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harshad S Mahadeshwar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiabin Tang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Semin Lee
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaojia Ren
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; KEW Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huandong Sun
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lovelace J Luquette
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruibin Xi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexei Protopopov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; KEW Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl Simon Shelley
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raju Kucherlapati
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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189
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Transposon mutagenesis identifies chromatin modifiers cooperating with Ras in thyroid tumorigenesis and detects ATXN7 as a cancer gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4951-E4960. [PMID: 28584132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702723114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations are present in 15-30% of thyroid carcinomas. Endogenous expression of mutant Ras is insufficient to initiate thyroid tumorigenesis in murine models, indicating that additional genetic alterations are required. We used Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis to identify events that cooperate with HrasG12V in thyroid tumor development. Random genomic integration of SB transposons primarily generated loss-of-function events that significantly increased thyroid tumor penetrance in Tpo-Cre/homozygous FR-HrasG12V mice. The thyroid tumors closely phenocopied the histological features of human RAS-driven, poorly differentiated thyroid cancers. Characterization of transposon insertion sites in the SB-induced tumors identified 45 recurrently mutated candidate cancer genes. These mutation profiles were remarkably concordant with mutated cancer genes identified in a large series of human poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers screened by next-generation sequencing using the MSK-IMPACT panel of cancer genes, which we modified to include all SB candidates. The disrupted genes primarily clustered in chromatin remodeling functional nodes and in the PI3K pathway. ATXN7, a component of a multiprotein complex with histone acetylase activity, scored as a significant SB hit. It was recurrently mutated in advanced human cancers and significantly co-occurred with RAS or NF1 mutations. Expression of ATXN7 mutants cooperated with oncogenic RAS to induce thyroid cell proliferation, pointing to ATXN7 as a previously unrecognized cancer gene.
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190
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Kuo T, Chen TC, Lee RA, Nguyen NHT, Broughton AE, Zhang D, Wang JC. Pik3r1 Is Required for Glucocorticoid-Induced Perilipin 1 Phosphorylation in Lipid Droplet for Adipocyte Lipolysis. Diabetes 2017; 66:1601-1610. [PMID: 28292967 PMCID: PMC5440017 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids promote lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) to adapt to energy demands under stress, whereas superfluous lipolysis causes metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Glucocorticoid-induced lipolysis requires the phosphorylation of cytosolic hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin 1 (Plin1) in the lipid droplet by protein kinase A (PKA). We previously identified Pik3r1 (also called p85α) as a glucocorticoid receptor target gene. Here, we found that glucocorticoids increased HSL phosphorylation, but not Plin1 phosphorylation, in adipose tissue-specific Pik3r1-null (AKO) mice. Furthermore, in lipid droplets, the phosphorylation of HSL and Plin1 and the levels of catalytic and regulatory subunits of PKA were increased by glucocorticoids in wild-type mice. However, these effects were attenuated in AKO mice. In agreement with reduced WAT lipolysis, glucocorticoid- initiated hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia were improved in AKO mice. Our data demonstrated a novel role of Pik3r1 that was independent of the regulatory function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in mediating the metabolic action of glucocorticoids. Thus, the inhibition of Pik3r1 in adipocytes could alleviate lipid disorders caused by excess glucocorticoid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyi Kuo
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Rebecca A Lee
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Nguyen Huynh Thao Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Augusta E Broughton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Danyun Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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191
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Ring KL, Yates MS, Schmandt R, Onstad M, Zhang Q, Celestino J, Kwan SY, Lu KH. Endometrial Cancers With Activating KRas Mutations Have Activated Estrogen Signaling and Paradoxical Response to MEK Inhibition. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27:854-862. [PMID: 28498246 PMCID: PMC5438270 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine if activating KRas mutation alters estrogen signaling in endometrial cancer (EC) and to explore the potential therapeutic impact of these alterations. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas was queried for changes in estrogen-regulated genes in EC based on KRas mutation status. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate estrogen receptor α (ERα) phosphorylation changes and related kinase changes in KRas mutant EC cells. The resulting effect on response to MEK inhibition, using trametinib, was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on KRas mutant and wild-type EC tumors to test estrogen signaling differences. RESULTS KRas mutant tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas showed decreased progesterone receptor expression (P = 0.047). Protein analysis in KRas mutant EC cells also showed decreased expression of ERα (P < 0.001) and progesterone receptor (P = 0.001). Although total ERα is decreased in KRas mutant cells, phospho-ERα S118 was increased compared with wild type. Treatment with trametinib in KRas mutant cells increased phospho-ERα S167 and increased expression of estrogen-regulated genes. While MEK inhibition blocked estradiol-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p90RSK in wild-type cells, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-p90RSK were substantially increased in KRas mutants. KRas mutant EC tumor specimens showed similar changes, with increased phospho-ERα S118 and phospho-ERα S167 compared with wild-type EC tumors. CONCLUSIONS MEK inhibition in KRas mutant cells results in activation of ER signaling and prevents the abrogation of signaling through ERK1/2 and p90RSK that is achieved in KRas wild-type EC cells. Combination therapy with MEK inhibition plus antiestrogen therapy may be necessary to improve response rates in patients with KRas mutant EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari L. Ring
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Melinda S. Yates
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rosemarie Schmandt
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michaela Onstad
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Qian Zhang
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph Celestino
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Suet-Ying Kwan
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Karen H. Lu
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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192
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Liu G, Xu P, Fu Z, Hua X, Liu X, Li W, Zhang M, Wu J, Wen J, Xu J, Jia X. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of ARID1A in Endometrium-Related Gynecological Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4517-4525. [PMID: 28466574 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene, AT Rich Interactive Domain 1A (ARID1A) mutation has been reported in a variety of cancers, especially the endometrium-related gynecological cancers, including the ovarian clear cell carcinoma, ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, and uterine endometrioid carcinoma. However, the prognostic value of ARID1A in endometrium-related gynecological cancers is still inconclusive. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical significance of ARID1A in endometrium-related gynecological cancers. By systematically searching all the relevant studies from Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to September 2016, 11 studies with 1,432 patients were included. All the study characteristics and the prognostic data were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the fixed-effect or random-effect model. Our results indicated that negative ARID1A expression predicted shorter Progression free survival (PFS, HR, 1.84; 95%CI, 1.32-2.57, P = 0.000) of patients with endometrium related gynecological cancers, especially the patiently with OCCC and the patients in Japan. Besides, a marginal trend towards the same direction was found in the Overall analysis (OS, HR, 1.34; 95%CI, 0.93-1.93, P = 0.112). Furthermore, the significant correlation was achieved between the negative ARID1A expression and the FIGO stage of endometrium-related gynecological cancers, but not the other characteristics. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4517-4525, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child, Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child, Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Jiacong Wu
- Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, 226081, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child, Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
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193
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Morphologic Reproducibility, Genotyping, and Immunohistochemical Profiling Do Not Support a Category of Seromucinous Carcinoma of the Ovary. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:685-695. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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194
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Dirican E, Akkiprik M. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog as therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695529. [PMID: 28351303 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Turkey and worldwide. It is considered a heterogeneous disease and has different subtypes. Moreover, breast cancer has different molecular characteristics, behaviors, and responses to treatment. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in breast cancer progression have led to the identification of many potential therapeutic gene targets, such as Breast Cancer 1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha, and tumor protein 53. The aim of this review is to summarize the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) (alias p85α) and phosphatase and tensin homolog in breast cancer progression and the molecular mechanisms involved. Phosphatase and tensin homolog is a tumor suppressor gene and protein. Phosphatase and tensin homolog antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway that plays a key role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression, detected in about 20%-30% of cases, is known to be one of the most common tumor changes leading to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway activation in breast cancer. Instead, the regulatory subunit p85α is a significant component of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and it has been proposed that a reduction in p85α protein would lead to decreased negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 protein has also been reported to be a positive regulator of phosphatase and tensin homolog via the stabilization of this protein. A functional genetic alteration of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 that results in reduced p85α protein expression and increased insulin receptor substrate 1 binding would lead to enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and hence cancer development. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 underexpression was observed in 61.8% of breast cancer samples. Therefore, expression/alternations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog genes have crucial roles for breast cancer progression. This review will summarize the biological roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog in breast cancer, with an emphasis on recent findings and the potential of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog as a therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkiprik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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195
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Yi S, Lin S, Li Y, Zhao W, Mills GB, Sahni N. Functional variomics and network perturbation: connecting genotype to phenotype in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 18:395-410. [PMID: 28344341 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins interact with other macromolecules in complex cellular networks for signal transduction and biological function. In cancer, genetic aberrations have been traditionally thought to disrupt the entire gene function. It has been increasingly appreciated that each mutation of a gene could have a subtle but unique effect on protein function or network rewiring, contributing to diverse phenotypic consequences across cancer patient populations. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of cancer genetic variants, including the broad spectrum of mutation classes and the wide range of mechanistic effects on gene function in the context of signalling networks. We highlight recent advances in computational and experimental strategies to study the diverse functional and phenotypic consequences of mutations at the base-pair resolution. Such information is crucial to understanding the complex pleiotropic effect of cancer genes and provides a possible link between genotype and phenotype in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shengda Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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196
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Bauman JE, Duvvuri U, Gooding WE, Rath TJ, Gross ND, Song J, Jimeno A, Yarbrough WG, Johnson FM, Wang L, Chiosea S, Sen M, Kass J, Johnson JT, Ferris RL, Kim S, Hirsch FR, Ellison K, Flaherty JT, Mills GB, Grandis JR. Randomized, placebo-controlled window trial of EGFR, Src, or combined blockade in head and neck cancer. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90449. [PMID: 28352657 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. EGFR and Src family kinases are upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EGFR interacts with Src to activate STAT3 signaling, and dual EGFR-Src targeting is synergistic in HNSCC preclinical models. pSrc overexpression predicted resistance to the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, in a prior window trial. We conducted a 4-arm window trial to identify biomarkers associated with response to EGFR and/or Src inhibition. METHODS. Patients with operable stage II-IVa HNSCC were randomized to 7-21 days of neoadjuvant erlotinib, the Src inhibitor dasatinib, the combination of both, or placebo. Paired tumor specimens were collected before and after treatment. Pharmacodynamic expression of EGFR and Src pathway components was evaluated by IHC of tissue microarrays and reverse-phase protein array of tissue lysates. Candidate biomarkers were assessed for correlation with change in tumor size. RESULTS. From April 2009 to December 2012, 58 patients were randomized and 55 were treated. There was a significant decrease in tumor size in both erlotinib arms (P = 0.0014); however, no effect was seen with dasatinib alone (P = 0.24). High baseline pMAPK expression was associated with response to erlotinib (P = 0.03). High baseline pSTAT3 was associated with resistance to dasatinib (P = 0.099). CONCLUSIONS. Brief exposure to erlotinib significantly decreased tumor size in operable HNSCC, with no additive effect from dasatinib. Baseline pMAPK expression warrants further study as a response biomarker for anti-EGFR therapy. Basal expression of pSTAT3 may be independent of Src, explain therapeutic resistance, and preclude development of dasatinib in biomarker-unselected cohorts. TRIAL REGISTRATION. NCT00779389. FUNDING. National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society, Pennsylvania Department of Health, V Foundation for Cancer Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Astellas Pharma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William E Gooding
- Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tanya J Rath
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil D Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simion Chiosea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Malabika Sen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Kass
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonas T Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seungwon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kimberly Ellison
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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197
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Chen J, Zhang N, Wen J, Zhang Z. Silencing TAK1 alters gene expression signatures in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2975-2981. [PMID: 28521404 PMCID: PMC5431247 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are induced by the silencing of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in bladder cancer cells and to analyze the potential biological effects. Dataset GSE52452 from mutant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) bladder cancer cells transfected with control siRNA or TAK1-specific siRNA was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The DEGs between the two groups were identified using Limma package following data pre-processing by Affy in Bioconductor. Enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, followed by functional annotation using TRANSFAC, TSGene and TAG databases. Integrated networks were constructed by Cytoscape and sub-networks were extracted employing BioNet, followed by enrichment analysis of DEGs in the sub-network. A total of 43 downregulated and 21 upregulated genes were obtained. The downregulated genes were enriched in five pathways, including NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and functions related to cellular response. The upregulated genes were associated with cellular developmental processes. Transcription factor EGR1 and 9 tumor-associated genes were screened from the DEGs. Among the DEGs, 10 hub nodes may represent important roles in the complex metabolic network, including EGFR, CYP3A5, MAP3K7, GSTA1, PTHLH, ALDH1A1, KCND2, EGR1, ARRB1 and ITPR1. Additionally, EGFR was correlated with ERBB2, GRB2 and PIK3R1, and these were enriched in ErbB signaling pathway and various cancer-associated pathways. Silencing TAK1 may decrease cellular response to chemical stimulus via downregulating CYP3A5, MAP3K7, GSTA1, ALDH1A1, ARRB1 and ITPR1; increase cancer cell development via upregulating EGFR, EGR1 and PTHLH; and regulate cancer metastasis through EGFR, ERBB2, GRB2 and PIK3R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Chen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Wen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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198
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Wang C, Gu C, Jeong KJ, Zhang D, Guo W, Lu Y, Ju Z, Panupinthu N, Yang JY, Gagea MM, Ng PKS, Zhang F, Mills GB. YAP/TAZ-Mediated Upregulation of GAB2 Leads to Increased Sensitivity to Growth Factor-Induced Activation of the PI3K Pathway. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1637-1648. [PMID: 28202507 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription regulators YAP and TAZ function as effectors of the HIPPO signaling cascade, critical for organismal development, cell growth, and cellular reprogramming, and YAP/TAZ is commonly misregulated in human cancers. The precise mechanism by which aberrant YAP/TAZ promotes tumor growth remains unclear. The HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway phosphorylates YAP and TAZ, resulting in cytosolic sequestration with subsequent degradation. Here, we report that the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is critically involved in the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer, interacts with the HIPPO pathway at multiple levels. Strikingly, coordinate knockdown of YAP and TAZ, mimicking activation of the HIPPO pathway, markedly decreased both constitutive and growth factor-induced PI3K pathway activation by decreasing levels of the GAB2 linker molecule in endometrial cancer lines. Furthermore, targeting YAP/TAZ decreased endometrial cancer tumor growth in vivo In addition, YAP and TAZ total and phosphoprotein levels correlated with clinical characteristics and outcomes in endometrial cancer. Thus, YAP and TAZ, which are inhibited by the HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway, modify PI3K/AKT pathway signaling in endometrial cancer. The cross-talk between these key pathways identifies potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1637-48. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nattapon Panupinthu
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ji Yeon Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mihai Mike Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Kwok Shing Ng
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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199
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Packer LM, Geng X, Bonazzi VF, Ju RJ, Mahon CE, Cummings MC, Stephenson SA, Pollock PM. PI3K Inhibitors Synergize with FGFR Inhibitors to Enhance Antitumor Responses in FGFR2 mutant Endometrial Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:637-648. [PMID: 28119489 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved therapeutic approaches are needed for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancers display hyperactivation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, the result of somatic aberrations in genes such as FGFR2, KRAS, PTEN, PIK3CA, and PIK3R1 The FGFR2 and PI3K pathways, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. Activation of the PI3K pathway is seen in more than 90% of FGFR2mutant endometrial cancers. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of the pan-FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 with pan-PI3K inhibitors (GDC-0941, BKM120) and the p110α-selective inhibitor BYL719. We assessed synergy in three FGFR2mutant endometrial cancer cell lines (AN3CA, JHUEM2, and MFE296), and the combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 or BYL719 showed strong synergy. A significant increase in cell death and decrease in long-term survival was seen when PI3K inhibitors were combined with BGJ398. Importantly, these effects were seen at low concentrations correlating to only partial inhibition of AKT. The combination of BGJ398 and GDC-0941 showed tumor regressions in vivo, whereas each drug alone only showed moderate tumor growth inhibition. BYL719 alone resulted in increased tumor growth of AN3CA xenografts but in combination with BGJ398 resulted in tumor regression in both AN3CA- and JHUEM2-derived xenografts. These data provide evidence that subtherapeutic doses of PI3K inhibitors enhance the efficacy of anti-FGFR therapies, and a combination therapy may represent a superior therapeutic treatment in patients with FGFR2mutant endometrial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 637-48. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xinyan Geng
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Bonazzi
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare E Mahon
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret C Cummings
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Stephenson
- Eph Receptor Biology Group, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Endometrial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.
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200
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Brasseur K, Gévry N, Asselin E. Chemoresistance and targeted therapies in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:4008-4042. [PMID: 28008141 PMCID: PMC5354810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are known for being very aggressive at their advanced stages. Indeed, the survival rate of both ovarian and endometrial cancers is very low when diagnosed lately and the success rate of current chemotherapy regimens is not very efficient. One of the main reasons for this low success rate is the acquired chemoresistance of these cancers during their progression. The mechanisms responsible for this acquired chemoresistance are numerous, including efflux pumps, repair mechanisms, survival pathways (PI3K/AKT, MAPK, EGFR, mTOR, estrogen signaling) and tumor suppressors (P53 and Par-4). To overcome these resistances, a new type of therapy has emerged named targeted therapy. The principle of targeted therapy is simple, taking advantage of changes acquired in malignant cancer cells (receptors, proteins, mechanisms) by using compounds specifically targeting these, thus limiting their action on healthy cells. Targeted therapies are emerging and many clinical trials targeting these pathways, frequently involved in chemoresistance, have been tested on gynecological cancers. Despite some targets being less efficient than expected as mono-therapies, the combination of compounds seems to be the promising avenue. For instance, we demonstrate using ChIP-seq analysis that estrogen downregulate tumor suppressor Par-4 in hormone-dependent cells by directly binding to its DNA regulatory elements and inhibiting estrogen signaling could reinstate Par-4 apoptosis-inducing abilities. This review will focus on the chemoresistance mechanisms and the clinical trials of targeted therapies associated with these, specifically for endometrial and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brasseur
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Canada Research Chair in Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Asselin
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Canada Research Chair in Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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