151
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Tang CX, Petersen SE, Sanghvi MM, Lu GM, Zhang LJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for amyloidosis: The state-of-the-art. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 29:83-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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152
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Kristen AV, Ajroud-Driss S, Conceição I, Gorevic P, Kyriakides T, Obici L. Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2019; 9:5-23. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2018-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is a rapidly progressive, heterogeneous disease caused by the accumulation of misfolded transthyretin protein as amyloid fibrils at multiple sites, and is characterized by peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy. Current treatment options have limited efficacy and often do not prevent disease progression. Patisiran is a novel RNA interference therapeutic that specifically reduces production of both wild-type and mutant transthyretin protein. In Phase II, III and long-term extension studies in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, patisiran has consistently slowed or improved progression of neuropathy. In addition, the Phase III trial demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life measures and indicators of cardiomyopathy. Here, we highlight efficacy and safety data from the patisiran clinical trial programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnt V Kristen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
- Cardiovascular Center Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Senda Ajroud-Driss
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Isabel Conceição
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Peter Gorevic
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research & Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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153
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Wong CW, Ng WY, So KL, Chan YH, Yip SF, Mak CM. A rare variant of transthyretin-related amyloidosis associated with exclusive cardiomyopathy in a Hong Kong Chinese patient. J Cardiol Cases 2019; 18:185-188. [PMID: 30595768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTR, MIM #105210), also previously known as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, is one of the most life-threatening types of amyloidosis. ATTR is inherited in autosomal dominant mode with variable penetrance. If untreated, it is a relentless and lethal disease. Patients typically present with polyneuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, autonomic insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, and gastrointestinal features, occasionally accompanied by vitreous opacities and renal insufficiency. Frequency of transthyretin (TTR)-related cardiac amyloidosis amongst Chinese populations is unknown. We report here a 63-year-old Chinese man suffering from TTR-related cardiac amyloidosis presented with exclusive cardiomyopathy. He had no other systemic involvement and no significant family history. Echocardiography revealed severe global myocardial impairment and left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%. Serum kappa-to-lambda ratio was normal. Genetic test detected a heterozygous TTR variant, NM_000371.3:c.425T > C p.(Val142Ala). To our knowledge, this is the first case of TTR-related cardiac amyloidosis caused by p.Val142Ala mutation reported in Asian patient. <Learning objective: This case highlights the importance to exclude transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis as a cause of extensive cardiomyopathy, despite the late disease onset and lack of systemic amyloidosis. High clinical suspicion and genetic testing is the key for early diagnosis.>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wing Wong
- Department of Medicine & Geriatric, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Yan Ng
- Kowloon West Cluster Laboratory Genetic Service, Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Li So
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine & Geriatric, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Fai Yip
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Miu Mak
- Kowloon West Cluster Laboratory Genetic Service, Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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154
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Lee SP, Park JB, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Grogan M, Sohn DW. Contemporary Imaging Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 27:1-10. [PMID: 30701710 PMCID: PMC6358430 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare disease that frequently presents as ventricular hypertrophy. However, diagnosis is not always easy or straightforward as there are several myocardial disorders that phenocopy cardiac amyloidosis. Here, we present a narrative review of the current modalities that are actively used or being developed for diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac amyloidosis. Although not all of the findings may be present in those with cardiac amyloidosis, there are some clues in each diagnostic step that help lead to confirmatory diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis; we believe that cardiologists should be familiar with these clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jun Bean Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Kwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Martha Grogan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dae Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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155
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Mehta P, Chapel DB, Goyal N, Yu DB, Mor-Avi V, Narang A, Addetia K, Sarswat N, Lang RM, Husain AN, Patel AR. A histopathologic schema to quantify the burden of cardiac amyloidosis: Relationship with survival and echocardiographic parameters. Echocardiography 2018; 36:285-291. [PMID: 30592782 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite routine use of echocardiographic parameters to evaluate the severity of cardiac amyloidosis (CA), this methodology has not been well validated. We developed a histopathologic schema for quantifying CA burden and evaluated its relationship with clinical outcomes. Additionally, echocardiographic parameters were tested as potential noninvasive indices of CA burden. METHODS We retrospectively studied 59 patients with CA (17 light chain, 42 transthyretin) who underwent endomyocardial biopsies. Light microscopy with staining was used to categorize CA burden as mild-to-moderate (<50%) or high (≥50%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for the two groups. In 34 patients with good-quality echocardiograms, we measured left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (EF), interventricular septal thickness (IVSt), posterior wall thickness (PWt), LV mass, lateral e'-velocity, and global longitudinal strain (GLS). These parameters were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Thirty-five patients had mild-to-moderate and 24 severe amyloid burden. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a trend toward worse mortality with high CA burden, which was more common and associated with higher mortality specifically in transthyretin-type patients. Echocardiography-derived IVSt, PWt, and LV mass were directly related to CA burden, while LV EF, e'-velocity, and GLS magnitude were inversely related to CA burden. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided a signal that CA burden is a clinically important entity with potentially valuable prognostic information. Echocardiographic parameters of LV anatomy and function correlate with histopathologic burden of CA, which is inversely related to survival. Further studies are needed to determine whether these parameters could be used as imaging biomarkers of treatment-related changes in CA burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mehta
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David B Chapel
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neha Goyal
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dong Bo Yu
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victor Mor-Avi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akhil Narang
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karima Addetia
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nitasha Sarswat
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto M Lang
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aliya N Husain
- Departments of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amit R Patel
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Departments of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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156
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Kyriakou P, Mouselimis D, Tsarouchas A, Rigopoulos A, Bakogiannis C, Noutsias M, Vassilikos V. Diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis: a systematic review on the role of imaging and biomarkers. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:221. [PMID: 30509186 PMCID: PMC6278059 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac Amyloidosis (CA) pertains to the cardiac involvement of a group of diseases, in which misfolded proteins deposit in tissues and cause progressive organ damage. The vast majority of CA cases are caused by light chain amyloidosis (AL) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). The increased awareness of these diseases has led to an increment of newly diagnosed cases each year. METHODS We performed multiple searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Several search terms were used, such as "cardiac amyloidosis", "diagnostic modalities cardiac amyloidosis" and "staging cardiac amyloidosis". Emphasis was given on original articles describing novel diagnostic and staging approaches to the disease. RESULTS Imaging techniques are indispensable to diagnosing CA. Novel ultrasonographic techniques boast high sensitivity and specificity for the disease. Nuclear imaging has repeatedly proved its worth in the diagnostic procedure, with efforts now focusing on standardization and quantification of amyloid load. Because the latter would be invaluable for any staging system, those spearheading research in magnetic resonance imaging of the disease are also trying to come up with accurate tools to quantify amyloid burden. Staging tools are currently being developed and validated for ATTR CA, in the spirit of the acclaimed Mayo Staging System for AL. CONCLUSION Cardiac involvement confers significant morbidity and mortality in all types of amyloidosis. Great effort is made to reduce the time to diagnosis, as treatment in the initial stages of the disease is tied to better prognosis. The results of these efforts are highly sensitive and specific diagnostic modalities that are also reasonably cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Kyriakou
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 55 642 Thessaloniki, GR Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mouselimis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 55 642 Thessaloniki, GR Greece
| | - Anastasios Tsarouchas
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 55 642 Thessaloniki, GR Greece
| | - Angelos Rigopoulos
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine III (KIM-III), Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, Halle (Saale), D-06120 Germany
| | - Constantinos Bakogiannis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 55 642 Thessaloniki, GR Greece
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine III (KIM-III), Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, Halle (Saale), D-06120 Germany
| | - Vasileios Vassilikos
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Ippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 55 642 Thessaloniki, GR Greece
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157
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Massalha S, Ruddy TD. Emerging role of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 99mTc-labeled bone tracer scintigraphy for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:2080-2083. [PMID: 28585032 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Massalha
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H1220, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H1220, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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158
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Nuvolone M, Milani P, Palladini G, Merlini G. Management of the elderly patient with AL amyloidosis. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 58:48-56. [PMID: 29801808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is an aging-associated protein misfolding and deposition disease. This condition is caused by a small and otherwise indolent plasma cell (or B cell) clone secreting an unstable circulating light chain, which misfolds and deposits as amyloid fibrils possibly leading to progressive dysfunction of affected organs. AL amyloidosis can occur in the typical setting of other, rarer forms of systemic amyloidosis and can mimic other more prevalent conditions of the elderly. Therefore, its diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and reliable diagnostic tools for accurate amyloid typing, available at specialized referral centers. In AL amyloidosis, frailty is dictated by the type and severity of organ involvement, with heart involvement being the main determinant of morbidity and mortality. Still, given a similar disease stage, elderly patients with AL amyloidosis are often an even frailer group, due to significant comorbidities, associated disability and polypharmacotherapy, socioeconomic restrictions, and limited access to clinical trials. Recent improvements in the use of biomarkers for early diagnosis, risk stratification and response monitoring, the flourishing of novel, effective anti-plasma cell therapies developed against multiple myeloma and adapted to treat AL amyloidosis, and possibly the introduction of anti-amyloid therapies are rapidly changing the clinical management of this disease and are reflected by improved outcomes. Of note, hematologic and organ responses in elderly patients with AL amyloidosis do translate in better outcome, advocating the importance of treating these patients and striving for a rapid response to therapy also in this challenging clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nuvolone
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.
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159
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Trivedi SJ, Choudhary P, Lo Q, Sritharan HP, Iyer A, Batumalai V, Delaney GP, Thomas L. Persistent reduction in global longitudinal strain in the longer term after radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018; 132:148-154. [PMID: 30414755 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 80% of breast cancer patients receive radiotherapy (RT). However, RT can lead to cardiotoxicity, which usually develops insidiously over years, making diagnosis difficult. It is also unknown whether early identification of at-risk patients might improve long-term outcome. We have previously described subclinical alterations, detected by two-dimensional speckle tracking strain echocardiography, in left ventricular (LV) function immediately following RT in breast cancer. HYPOTHESIS Subclinical myocardial alterations in LV function consequent to RT cardiotoxicity, observed early, persist at 12 months. METHODS 40 chemotherapy naive women with left-sided breast cancer, treated with surgery and adjuvant breast RT, were prospectively recruited from two tertiary hospitals. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline (pre-RT), 6 weeks post-RT, and 12 months post-RT. RESULTS An increase in LV end diastolic and end systolic volumes was seen from baseline, consistent with persistent LV remodelling; however, due to the increase in both systolic and diastolic volumes over time, no change in LV ejection fraction (EF) was observed. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and S' velocity remained significantly lower at 12 months post-RT. GLS dropped by >10% in 16 patients and by >20% in 4 patients compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical cardiac dysfunction using strain analysis, evident early, persists one year after RT, despite unchanged conventional indices such as LVEF. Persistent GLS reduction may be of particular importance in breast cancer patients receiving concomitant chemotherapy. Longer term prospective studies are required to determine if reductions in strain post-RT are associated with future adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth J Trivedi
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Queenie Lo
- South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Arvind Iyer
- South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vikneswary Batumalai
- South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geoff P Delaney
- South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Liza Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia; South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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160
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Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis: Clinical and Echocardiographic Features. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-018-9472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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161
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of right ventricular (RV) involvement in transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study sought to establish the degree of RV involvement in ATTR amyloidosis, and compare findings with RV involvement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS Forty-two patients with ATTR amyloidosis and echocardiographic evidence of cardiac amyloidosis (cardiac ATTR), 19 ATTR patients with normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (non-cardiac ATTR), 25 patients with diagnosed HCM and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. Echocardiographic measurements for conventional parameters, as well as RV global and segmental strain, were recorded. RESULTS When comparing RV structure and function between cardiac ATTR amyloidosis and HCM patients, only segmental strain differed between the two groups. In cardiac ATTR amyloidosis, we found an RV apex-to-base strain gradient with highest deformation in the apex. This pattern was reversed in patients with HCM. CONCLUSIONS RV involvement is common in cardiac ATTR patients. The present study also detected an RV apical sparing pattern in patients with ATTR cardiomyopathy, similar to what has previously been described for the left ventricle in these patients. This pattern was not seen in HCM patients. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical importance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Arvidsson
- a Department of Clinical Physiology , Heart Centre, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Michael Y Henein
- b Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Gerhard Wikström
- c Department of Medical Sciences , Cardiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ole B Suhr
- b Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Per Lindqvist
- a Department of Clinical Physiology , Heart Centre, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,d Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
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162
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Bravo PE, Fujikura K, Kijewski MF, Jerosch-Herold M, Jacob S, El-Sady MS, Sticka W, Dubey S, Belanger A, Park MA, Di Carli MF, Kwong RY, Falk RH, Dorbala S. Relative Apical Sparing of Myocardial Longitudinal Strain Is Explained by Regional Differences in Total Amyloid Mass Rather Than the Proportion of Amyloid Deposits. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 12:1165-1173. [PMID: 30121266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to test whether relative apical sparing (RELAPS) of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain (LS) in cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is explained by regional differences in markers of amyloid burden (18F-florbetapir uptake by positron emission tomography [PET] and/or extracellular volume fraction [ECV] by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)]. BACKGROUND Further knowledge of the pathophysiological basis for RELAPS can help understand the adverse outcomes associated with apical LS impairment. METHODS This was a prospective study of 32 subjects (age 62 ± 7 years; 50% males) with light chain CA. All subjects underwent two-dimensional echocardiography for LS estimation and 18F-florbetapir PET for quantification of LV florbetapir retention index (RI). A subset also underwent CMR (n = 22) for ECV quantification. Extracellular LV mass (LV mass*ECV) and total florbetapir binding (extracellular LV mass*florbetapir RI) were also calculated. All parameters were measured globally and regionally (base, mid, and apex). RESULTS There was a significant base-to-apex gradient in LS (-7.4 ± 3.2% vs. -8.6 ± 4.0% vs. -20.8 ± 6.6%; p < 0.0001), maximal LV wall thickness (15.7 ± 1.9 cm vs. 15.4 ± 2.9 cm vs. 10.1 ± 2.4 cm; p < 0.0001), and LV mass (74.8 ± 21.2 g vs. 60.8 ± 17.3 g vs. 23.4 ± 6.2 g; p < 0.0001). In contrast, florbetapir RI (0.089 ± 0.03 μmol/min/g vs. 0.097 ± 0.03 μmol/min/g vs. 0.085 ± 0.03 μmol/min/g; p = 0.45) and ECV (0.53 ± 0.08 vs. 0.49 ± 0.08 vs. 0.49 ± 0.07; p = 0.15) showed no significant base-to-apex gradient in the tissue concentration or proportion of amyloid infiltration, whereas markers of total amyloid load, such as total florbetapir binding (3.4 ± 1.7 μmol/min vs. 2.8 ± 1.5 μmol/min vs. 0.93 ± 0.49 μmol/min; p < 0.0001) and extracellular LV mass (40.0 ± 15.6 g vs. 30.2 ± 10.9 g vs. 11.6 ± 3.9 g; p < 0.0001), did show a marked base-to-apex gradient. CONCLUSIONS Segmental differences in the distribution of the total amyloid mass, rather than the proportion of amyloid deposits, appear to explain the marked regional differences in LS in CA. Although these 2 matrices are clearly related concepts, they should not be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco E Bravo
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Divisions of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kana Fujikura
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie Foley Kijewski
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Jerosch-Herold
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Jacob
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamed Samir El-Sady
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Sticka
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shipra Dubey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Belanger
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mi-Ae Park
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond Y Kwong
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rodney H Falk
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Amyloidosis Program, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Amyloidosis Program, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Salinaro F, Meier-Ewert HK, Miller EJ, Pandey S, Sanchorawala V, Berk JL, Seldin DC, Ruberg FL. Longitudinal systolic strain, cardiac function improvement, and survival following treatment of light-chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 18:1057-1064. [PMID: 27965280 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine whether echocardiographic longitudinal systolic strain (LS) parameters identify short-term improvement following chemotherapy for light-chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Among patients with CA, standard echocardiographic measures are commonly unchanged at 1 year following successful chemotherapy, despite observed reductions in cardiac biomarkers. Methods and results We retrospectively identified 61 patients with AL-CA treated with high-dose melphalan or bortezomib-based regimens. Patients were classified by hematologic response at 1 year into two groups: complete response (CR; n = 18, or 30%) or non-CR (non-CR; n = 43, or 70%), and followed for 20 months. Serum free light chains (FLC), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin I (TnI), and echocardiography including LS, were acquired at baseline and 1 year. Seven patients died (11.5%), all in the non-CR group (P < 0.01). At 1 year, while reductions were observed in BNP (44% CR, 18% non-CR) and FLC (94% CR, 73% non-CR), both P < 0.05 from baseline, there were no differences in wall thickness, EF, or diastolic function in either group. LS improved only in the CR group with notable improvement in apical to basal strain ratio (P < 0.05). Strain improvement and BNP reduction were correlated (R = 0.6, P < 0.01). Baseline global LS < -10.2% was associated with survival and proved superior to BNP and TnI. The addition of global LS to biomarkers identified the patients at highest risk of mortality. Conclusion These data suggest that LS is a sensitive measure of pre-treatment cardiac functional impairment in AL-CA, can predict survival over and above that of cardiac biomarkers, and detect early cardiac functional improvement following chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Salinaro
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Experimental Medicine PhD program, University of Pavia School of Medicine, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hans K Meier-Ewert
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Boston Medical Center, 88 E Newton St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Edward J Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shivda Pandey
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vaishali Sanchorawala
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John L Berk
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Seldin
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick L Ruberg
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Boston Medical Center, 88 E Newton St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Habib G, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Caforio ALP, Cardim N, Charron P, Cosyns B, Dehaene A, Derumeaux G, Donal E, Dweck MR, Edvardsen T, Erba PA, Ernande L, Gaemperli O, Galderisi M, Grapsa J, Jacquier A, Klingel K, Lancellotti P, Neglia D, Pepe A, Perrone-Filardi P, Petersen SE, Plein S, Popescu BA, Reant P, Sade LE, Salaun E, Slart RHJA, Tribouilloy C, Zamorano J. Multimodality Imaging in Restrictive Cardiomyopathies: An EACVI expert consensus document In collaboration with the "Working Group on myocardial and pericardial diseases" of the European Society of Cardiology Endorsed by The Indian Academy of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 18:1090-1121. [PMID: 28510718 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jex034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictive cardiomyopathies (RCMs) are a diverse group of myocardial diseases with a wide range of aetiologies, including familial, genetic and acquired diseases and ranging from very rare to relatively frequent cardiac disorders. In all these diseases, imaging techniques play a central role. Advanced imaging techniques provide important novel data on the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of RCMs. This EACVI consensus document provides comprehensive information for the appropriateness of all non-invasive imaging techniques for the diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and management of patients with RCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Habib
- Aix- Aix-Marseille Univ, URMITE, Aix Marseille Université-UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095.,Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Bristol Heart Institute, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alida L P Caforio
- Cardiology, Department of Cardiological Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nuno Cardim
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Department, Sports Cardiology and Cardiomyopathies Centre-Hospital da Luz; Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Philippe Charron
- Université Versailles Saint Quentin, INSERM U1018, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies cardiaques héréditaires, APHP, ICAN, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélie Dehaene
- Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, APHM, Hôpitaux de la Timone, Pôle d'imagerie Médicale, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Genevieve Derumeaux
- Department of Physiology, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Cardiologie-CHU Rennes & CIC-IT 1414 & LTSI INSERM 1099 - Université Rennes-1
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiological Innovation and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ernande
- Department of Physiology, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Henri Mondor Hospital, DHU-ATVB, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Oliver Gaemperli
- University Heart Center Zurich, Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging 19, Zurich
| | - Maurizio Galderisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Julia Grapsa
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Alexis Jacquier
- Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, APHM, Hôpitaux de la Timone, Pôle d'imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Karin Klingel
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Departments of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Pepe
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio C.N.R.-Regione Toscana Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Steffen E Petersen
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts, London, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Division of Biomedical Imaging, Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila'-Euroecolab, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Erwan Salaun
- Cardiology Department, La Timone Hospital, Marseille France
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AEEnschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Tribouilloy
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Amiens, Amiens, France and INSERM U-1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jose Zamorano
- University Hospital Ramon y Cajal Carretera de Colmenar Km 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Nochioka K, Quarta CC, Claggett B, Roca GQ, Rapezzi C, Falk RH, Solomon SD. Left atrial structure and function in cardiac amyloidosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018. [PMID: 28637305 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jex097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Although cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is characterized by significant left atrial (LA) dilatation, the characteristics of LA function remain to be fully investigated. Methods and results We assessed LA function by speckle-tracking echocardiography in 124 patients with CA and sinus rhythm: 68 with light chain (AL), 29 with mutant (ATTRm), 27 with wild-type (ATTRwt) transthyretin amyloidosis. Conventional and strain-derived parameters, including LA peak longitudinal strain (LS) and strain rate (peak LSR: reservoir function; early LSR: conduit function; late LSR: active function), were assessed compared between CA patients and 20 healthy controls of similar age and gender. All LA function phases, including LA longitudinal strain, peak LSR, early and late LSR were significantly impaired in CA compared to healthy controls after adjusting for LA size, LV ejection fraction and LV filling pressures (E/E') (all P < 0.05). Peak LA LS was moderately correlated with LV global LS (R = -0.60, P < 0.001); late LSR was correlated with A wave at the level of LV inflow (R = -0.69, P < 0.001). Among the different CA subtypes, peak LS and LA active emptying fraction were worse in ATTRwt than AL and ATTRm [P < 0.05 after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, LA volume index, severity of mitral regurgitation, left ejection fraction, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (E/E')]. Conclusion In CA, LA function was severely impaired and highly correlated with LV deformation. Differences in LA function between amyloid subtypes suggest that amyloid aetiology plays a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Nochioka
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-machi 1-1 Aobaku Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Candida Cristina Quarta
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre UCL, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.,Cardiology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bolonga, PAD 21,Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela Querejeta Roca
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bolonga, PAD 21,Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodney H Falk
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Brigham and Women's Hospital Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Knight DS, Zumbo G, Barcella W, Steeden JA, Muthurangu V, Martinez-Naharro A, Treibel TA, Abdel-Gadir A, Bulluck H, Kotecha T, Francis R, Rezk T, Quarta CC, Whelan CJ, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Moon JC, Hawkins PN, Fontana M. Cardiac Structural and Functional Consequences of Amyloid Deposition by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Echocardiography and Their Prognostic Roles. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 12:823-833. [PMID: 29680336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the functional and structural cardiac abnormalities that occur across a spectrum of cardiac amyloidosis burden and to identify the strongest cardiac functional and structural prognostic predictors in amyloidosis using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiography. BACKGROUND Cardiac involvement in light chain and transthyretin amyloidosis is the main driver of prognosis and influences treatment strategies. Numerous measures of cardiac structure and function are assessed by multiple imaging modalities in amyloidosis. METHODS A total f 322 subjects (311 systemic amyloidosis and 11 transthyretin gene mutation carriers) underwent comprehensive CMR and transthoracic echocardiography. The probabilities of 11 commonly measured structural and functional cardiac parameters being abnormal with increasing cardiac amyloidosis burden were evaluated. Cardiac amyloidosis burden was quantified using CMR-derived extracellular volume. The prognostic capacities of these parameters to predict death in amyloidosis were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Left ventricular mass and mitral annular plane systolic excursion by CMR along with strain and E/e' by echocardiography have high probabilities of being abnormal at low cardiac amyloid burden. Reductions in biventricular ejection fractions and elevations in biatrial areas occur at high burdens of infiltration. The probabilities of indexed stroke volume, myocardial contraction fraction, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) being abnormal occur more gradually with increasing extracellular volume. Ninety patients (28%) died during a median follow-up of 22 months (interquartile range: 10 to 38 months). Univariable analysis showed that all imaging markers studied significantly predicted outcome. Multivariable analysis showed that TAPSE (hazard ratio: 1.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 1.85; p < 0.01) and indexed stroke volume (hazard ratio: 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.48; p < 0.05) by CMR were the only independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Specific functional and structural abnormalities characterize different burdens of cardiac amyloid deposition. In a multimodality imaging assessment of a large cohort of amyloidosis patients, CMR-derived TAPSE and indexed stroke volume are the strongest prognostic cardiac functional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Knight
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Zumbo
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Barcella
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Steeden
- Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Martinez-Naharro
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amna Abdel-Gadir
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heerajnarain Bulluck
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tushar Kotecha
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohin Francis
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamer Rezk
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Candida C Quarta
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol J Whelan
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashutosh D Wechalekar
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian D Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James C Moon
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Hawkins
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Fontana
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Wan K, Sun J, Yang D, Liu H, Wang J, Cheng W, Zhang Q, Zeng Z, Zhang T, Greiser A, Jolly MP, Han Y, Chen Y. Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation on Cine MR Images: Relationship to Severity of Disease and Prognosis in Light-Chain Amyloidosis. Radiology 2018; 288:73-80. [PMID: 29664336 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018172435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To measure left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain with cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and a deformable registration algorithm (DRA) and to assess the prognostic value of myocardial strain in patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 78 consecutive patients with AL amyloidosis who underwent contrast material-enhanced cardiac MR imaging were enrolled at West China Hospital. LV myocardial strains and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were evaluated. Association between myocardial strain and all-cause mortality was analyzed with the stepwise Cox regression model. Results Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) were significantly lower in the no or nonspecific LGE group compared with the subendocardial LGE and transmural LGE groups (mean GLS, -10% ± 3 [standard deviation] vs -7% ± 3 vs -4% ± 1; P < .001) (mean GCS, -13% ± 3 vs -11% ± 3 vs -7% ± 2; P < .001). GLS and GCS were reduced in patients without clinical cardiac amyloidosis (mean GLS, -13% ± 3 vs -16% ± 2; P = .005) (mean GCS, -16% ± 1 vs -19% ± 2; P = .02). Circumferential and radial strains were impaired in basal segments in accordance with the distribution of LGE. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that GCS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16 per 1% absolute decrease; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 1.31; P = .02) and the presence of transmural LGE (HR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.80; P = .02) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality after adjustment for LV ejection fraction, right ventricular ejection fraction, LV mass index, GLS, and global radial strain. Conclusion Strain parameters derived with cine MR imaging-based DRA may be a new noninvasive imaging marker with which to evaluate the extent of cardiac amyloid infiltration and may offer independent prognostic information for all-cause mortality in patients with AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wan
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Jiayu Sun
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Dan Yang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Hong Liu
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Jie Wang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Wei Cheng
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Zhi Zeng
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Tianjing Zhang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Andreas Greiser
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Jolly
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Yuchi Han
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
| | - Yucheng Chen
- From the Departments of Cardiology (K.W., D.Y., H.L., J.W., Q.Z., Z.Z., Y.C.) and Radiology (J.S., W.C.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China; Siemens Healthineers Northeast Asia Collaboration, Beijing, China (T.Z.); Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.G.); Siemens Healthineers, Medical Imaging Technologies, Princeton, NJ (M.P.J.); and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (Y.H.)
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Common presentation of rare diseases: Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Int J Cardiol 2018; 257:344-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chen W, Ton VK, Dilsizian V. Clinical Phenotyping of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis with Bone-Seeking Radiotracers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-0970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
The heart, like any organ in the body, is susceptible to amyloid deposition. Although more than 30 types of protein can cause amyloidosis, only two types commonly deposit in the ventricular myocardium: amyloid light chain and amyloid transthyretin. Amyloid cardiomyopathy is usually a major determinant of patient outcomes, and the diagnosis of heart involvement can be often relatively under-diagnosed, owing to nonspecific presenting symptoms and signs at a subclinical stage. The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is usually performed by endomyocardial biopsy; however, the invasive nature and related high-risk complications restrict its wide use in clinical settings. Recently, with the advent of innovative techniques used for evaluating cardiac amyloidosis, noninvasive methods become increasingly important, especially in earlier diagnosis, distinguishing typing, risk prediction and response to treatment. Here, we will review recent developments in the noninvasive methods used in the assessment of cardiac amyloidosis, focused on the laboratory biomarkers and imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China.
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172
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Non-invasive cardiac imaging in patients with systemic amyloidosis: a practical approach with emphasis on clinical contribution of bone-seeking radiotracers. Clin Transl Imaging 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-017-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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173
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González-López E, López-Sainz Á, Garcia-Pavia P. Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la amiloidosis cardiaca por transtiretina. Progreso y esperanza. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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174
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Clemmensen TS, Eiskjær H, Mølgaard H, Larsen AH, Soerensen J, Andersen NF, Tolbod LP, Harms HJ, Poulsen SH. Abnormal Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve and Decreased Myocardial Contractile Reserve Are Main Factors in Relation to Physical Exercise Capacity in Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 31:71-78. [PMID: 29111120 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical importance of echocardiographic coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), resting and exercise left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), and myocardial work efficiency (MWE) in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA). METHODS The study population comprised 69 subjects: group A, 27 patients with CA confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy (CA positive); group B, 42 healthy control subjects. The amyloid phenotype in group A was as follows: patients with wild-type transthyretin-related amyloidosis (n = 10), carriers of the Danish familial transthyretin amyloidosis mutation with cardiac involvement (n = 5), and patients with amyloid light chain amyloidosis with cardiac involvement (n = 12). All subjects underwent comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation during rest and during symptom-limited, semisupine exercise testing. Furthermore, CFVR was assessed using Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS Patients with CA had significantly lower CFVR (1.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.9 ± 0.8, P < .0001), MWE (1.9 ± 1.0 vs 3.0 ± 0.7, P < .0001), and LVGLS magnitude (11% [10%-14%] vs 20% [18%-21%], P < .0001) than control subjects. Patients with CA showed severely reduced deformation and efficiency reserve compared with control subjects (ΔLVGLS 0.9 ± 2.8% vs 5.6 ± 2.3%, P < .0001; ΔMWE 2.5 ± 2.8 vs 8.8 ± 2.6, P < .0001). In patients with CA, a strong relation was seen between physical capacity by the metabolic equivalent of tasks test and CFVR (r = 0.55, P < .01), peak exercise LVGLS (r = 0.64, P < .0001), and peak exercise MWE (r = 0.60, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CA had a profound lack of CFVR and longitudinal myocardial deformation reserve compared with healthy control subjects. Both parameters were significantly associated with exercise capacity and may prove useful for evaluating cardiac performance in patients with CA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Eiskjær
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Soerensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Poulsen Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Hendrik J Harms
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
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175
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White JA, Fine NM. Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging Relevant to the Management of Patients with Suspected Cardiac Amyloidosis. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 18:77. [PMID: 27319007 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-016-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is a form of infiltrative cardiomyopathy typically presenting with progressive heart failure. The clinical presentation and morphological findings often overlap with other cardiovascular diseases, and frequently results in misdiagnosis and consequent under-reporting. Cardiovascular imaging is playing an increasingly important diagnostic and prognostic role in this referral population, and is reducing the reliance on endomyocardial biopsy as a confirmatory testing. Advancements across multiple cardiac imaging modalities, including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, and computed tomography, are improving diagnostic accuracy and offering novel approaches to sub-type differentiation and prognostication. This review explores recent advancements in cardiac imaging for the diagnosis, typing, and staging of cardiac amyloidosis, with a focus on new and evolving techniques. Emphasis is also placed on the promise of non-invasive cardiac imaging to provide value across the spectrum of this clinical disease, from early disease identification (prior to the development of increased wall thickness) through to markers of advanced disease associated with early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A White
- Stephenson Cardiovascular Imaging Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Stephenson Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Foothills Medical Centre Suite #0700, SSB, 1403-29 Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, Canada.
| | - Nowell M Fine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,South Health Campus, 4448 Front Street SE, Calgary, Alberta, T3M 1M4, Canada
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176
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Castaño A, Narotsky DL, Hamid N, Khalique OK, Morgenstern R, DeLuca A, Rubin J, Chiuzan C, Nazif T, Vahl T, George I, Kodali S, Leon MB, Hahn R, Bokhari S, Maurer MS. Unveiling transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and its predictors among elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:2879-2887. [PMID: 29019612 PMCID: PMC5837725 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) has been reported in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) but its prevalence and phenotype are not known. We examine elderly patients with severe symptomatic AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and determine the prevalence and phenotype of ATTR-CA non-invasively. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed technetium-99m pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) cardiac scintigraphy prospectively on patients who underwent TAVR, to screen for ATTR-CA. Transthoracic echocardiography and speckle-strain imaging were performed. We assessed the association of several parameters with ATTR-CA using multivariable logistic regression and constructed receiver operating curves to evaluate the best predictors of ATTR-CA. Among 151 patients (mean age 84 ± 6 years, 68% men), 16% (n = 24) screened positive for ATTR-CA with 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy. Compared with patients without ATTR-CA, ATTR-CA patients had a thicker interventricular septum (1.3 vs. 1.1 cm, P = 0.007), higher left ventricular (LV) mass index (130 vs. 98 g/m2, P = 0.002), and lower stroke volume index (30 vs. 36 mL/m2, P = 0.009). ATTR-CA patients had advanced diastolic dysfunction with higher E/A ratio (2.3 vs. 0.9, P = 0.001) and lower deceleration time (176 vs. 257 ms, P < 0.0001); impairment in systolic function with lower ejection fraction (48% vs. 56%, P = 0.011), myocardial contraction fraction (26 vs. 41, P < 0.0001), and average of lateral and septal mitral annular tissue Doppler S' (4.0 vs. 6.6 cm/s, P < 0.0001). While ATTR-CA patients had more impaired global longitudinal strain (-12 vs. -16%, P = 0.007), relative apical longitudinal strain was the same regardless of ATTR-CA diagnosis (0.98 vs. 0.98, P = 0.991). Average S' best predicted ATTR-CA in multivariable logistic regression (odds ratio 16.67 per 1 cm/s decrease with AUC 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.90-0.99, P = 0.002) with a value ≤6 conferring 100% sensitivity for predicting a positive 99mTc-PYP amyloid scan. CONCLUSIONS Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis is prevalent in 16% of patients with severe calcific AS undergoing TAVR and is associated with a severe AS phenotype of low-flow low-gradient with mildly reduced ejection fraction. Average tissue Doppler mitral annular S' of < 6 cm/s may be a sensitive measure that should prompt a confirmatory 99mTc-PYP scan and subsequent testing for ATTR-CA. Prospective assessment of outcomes after TAVR is needed in patients with and without ATTR-CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Castaño
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168 St, P.H. 12-1291, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, PH 10-203, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David L Narotsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168 St, P.H. 12-1291, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nadira Hamid
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omar K Khalique
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachelle Morgenstern
- Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, PH 10-203, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Albert DeLuca
- Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, PH 10-203, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonah Rubin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168 St, P.H. 12-1291, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Codruta Chiuzan
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tamim Nazif
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Torsten Vahl
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Isaac George
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Susheel Kodali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Martin B Leon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rebecca Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, 173 Fort Washington Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabahat Bokhari
- Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, PH 10-203, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168 St, P.H. 12-1291, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Siepen FAD, Bauer R, Voss A, Hein S, Aurich M, Riffel J, Mereles D, Röcken C, Buss SJ, Katus HA, Kristen AV. Predictors of survival stratification in patients with wild-type cardiac amyloidosis. Clin Res Cardiol 2017; 107:158-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-017-1167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by nondilated left or right ventricle with diastolic dysfunction. The restrictive cardiomyopathies are a heterogenous group of myocardial diseases that vary according to pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation and criteria, treatment, and prognosis. In this review, an overview of RCMs will be presented followed by a detailed discussion on 3 major causes of RCM, for which tailored interventions are available: cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, and cardiac hemochromatosis. Each of these 3 RCMs is challenging to diagnose, and recognition of each disease entity is frequently delayed. Clinical clues to promote recognition of cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, and cardiac hemochromatosis and imaging techniques used to facilitate diagnosis are discussed. Disease-specific therapies are reviewed. Early recognition remains a key barrier to improving survival in all RCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Muchtar
- From the Division of Hematology (E.M., M.A.G.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.A.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lori A. Blauwet
- From the Division of Hematology (E.M., M.A.G.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.A.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Morie A. Gertz
- From the Division of Hematology (E.M., M.A.G.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.A.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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179
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Rapezzi C, Milandri A, Lorenzini M. The complex interplay between systolic and diastolic function at rest and during exercise in heart failure: the case of cardiac amyloidosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19:1466-1467. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Agnese Milandri
- Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lorenzini
- Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- University College London Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Barts Heart Centre; St. Bartholomew's Hospital; London UK
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180
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González-López E, López-Sainz Á, Garcia-Pavia P. Diagnosis and Treatment of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis. Progress and Hope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:991-1004. [PMID: 28870641 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disorder caused by extracellular protein deposition. Transthyretin is a proamyloidotic protein that produces one of the most frequent forms of cardiac amyloidosis, either through mutations or a wild-type form (previously known as senile amyloidosis). Until very recently, diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) was very uncommon and histological confirmation was mandatory, making diagnosis of ATTR a real challenge in daily clinical practice. Moreover, the specific therapeutic options to alter the clinical course of the disease were very limited. However, advances in cardiac imaging and diagnostic strategies have improved recognition of ATTR. In addition, several compounds able to modify the natural history of the disease are in the final phases of research, with promising results. Given that effective therapies are on the horizon, cardiologists should be well-versed in this disease and be familiar with its diagnosis and treatment. This review describes the broad clinical spectrum of ATTR in detail, as well as recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther González-López
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Cardiopatías Familiares, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela López-Sainz
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Cardiopatías Familiares, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Cardiopatías Familiares, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
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181
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Ritts AJ, Cornell RF, Swiger K, Singh J, Goodman S, Lenihan DJ. Current Concepts of Cardiac Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and the Need for Collaboration. Heart Fail Clin 2017; 13:409-416. [PMID: 28279425 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is a complex and vexing clinical condition that requires a high degree of suspicion for the diagnosis with a substantial amount of discipline to discern the extent of disease and the best available therapy. There is a complex interplay between multiple organ systems, and the clinical presentation may involve a myriad of confusing clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis can be confirmed with a combination of physical findings, cardiac biomarkers, noninvasive testing, and, if necessary, myocardial biopsy. Genetic testing is critical to establish the type of amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Ritts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 5209, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert F Cornell
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 5209, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kris Swiger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 5209, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jai Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 5209, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacey Goodman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 5209, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel J Lenihan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 5209, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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182
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transthyretin (TTR)-related cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive infiltrative cardiomyopathy that mimics hypertensive, hypertrophic heart disease and may go undiagnosed. Transthyretin-derived amyloidosis accounts for 18% of all cases of cardiac amyloidosis. Thus, the study's purpose is to provide a comprehensive review of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. RECENT FINDINGS Wild-type transthyretin (ATTRwt) protein causes cardiac amyloidosis sporadically, with 25 to 36% of the population older than 80 years of age are at risk to develop a slowly progressive, infiltrative amyloid cardiomyopathy secondary to ATTRwt. In contrast, hereditary amyloidosis (ATTRm) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease associated with more than 100 point mutations in the transthyretin gene and has a tendency to affect the heart and nervous system. Up to 4% of African-Americans carry the Val122Ile mutation in the transthyretin gene, the most prevalent cause of hereditary cardiac amyloidosis in the USA. Identifying transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis requires increased awareness of the prevalence, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic tools available for discrimination of this progressive form of cardiomyopathy associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. While there are no FDA-approved medical treatments, investigation is underway on agents to reduce circulating mutated transthyretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anit K Mankad
- Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Keyur B Shah
- The Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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183
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Galati G, Leone O, Pasquale F, Olivotto I, Biagini E, Grigioni F, Pilato E, Lorenzini M, Corti B, Foà A, Agostini V, Cecchi F, Rapezzi C. Histological and Histometric Characterization of Myocardial Fibrosis in End-Stage Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Clinical-Pathological Study of 30 Explanted Hearts. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 9:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003090. [PMID: 27618852 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although noninvasively detected myocardial fibrosis (MF) has clinical implications in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the extent, type, and distribution of ventricular MF have never been extensively pathologically characterized. We assessed the overall amount, apex-to-base, circumferential, epicardial-endocardial distribution, pattern, and type of MF in 30 transplanted hearts of end-stage, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Visual and morphometric histological analyses at basal, midventricular, and apical levels were performed. Overall MF ranged from 23.1% to 55.9% (mean=37.3±8.4%). Prevalent types of MF were as follows: replacement in 53.3%, interstitial-perimyocyte in 13.3%, and mixed in 33.3%. Considering left ventricular base-to-apex distribution, MF was 31.9%, 43%, and 46.2% at basal, midventricular, and apical level, respectively (P<0.001). Circumferential distributions (mean percentage of MF within the section) were as follows: anterior 11.9%, anterolateral 15.8%, inferolateral 7.0%, inferior 24.3%, anteroseptal 11%, midseptal 10.7%, and posteroseptal 11.4%; circumferential distributions for anterior and inferior right ventricular walls were 3.4% and 4.5%, respectively. Epicardial-endocardial distributions were as follows: trabecular 26.1% and subendocardial 20.2%, midwall 33.4%, and subepicardial 20.3%. Main patterns identified were as follows: midwall in 33.3% of the hearts, transmural in 23.3%, midwall-subepicardial in 23.3%, and midwall-subendocardial in 20%. CONCLUSIONS In end-stage, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients undergoing transplantation, more than one-third of the left ventricular myocardium was replaced by fibrosis, mainly of replacement type. MF preferentially involved the left ventricular apex and the midwall. Inferior and anterior walls and septum were maximally involved, whereas inferolateral and right ventricular were usually spared. These observations reflect the complex pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and may provide clues for the timely recognition of disease progression by imaging techniques capable of quantifying MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Galati
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Ornella Leone
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Ferdinando Pasquale
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Elena Biagini
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Emanuele Pilato
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Lorenzini
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Barbara Corti
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Alberto Foà
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Valentina Agostini
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Franco Cecchi
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.)
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- From the Units of Cardiology (G.G., F.P., E.B., F.G., M.L., A.F., C.R.), Pathology (O.L., B.C., V.A.), Cardiac Surgery (E.P.), Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Italy; and Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoraco-vascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O., F.C.).
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184
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Shah KB, Mankad AK, Castano A, Akinboboye OO, Duncan PB, Fergus IV, Maurer MS. Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Black Americans. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 9:e002558. [PMID: 27188913 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive infiltrative cardiomyopathy that mimics hypertensive and hypertrophic heart disease and often goes undiagnosed. In the United States, the hereditary form disproportionately afflicts black Americans, who when compared with whites with wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis, a phenotypically similar condition, present with more advanced disease despite having a noninvasive method for early identification (genetic testing). Although reasons for this are unclear, this begs to consider the inadequate access to care, societal factors, or a biological basis. In an effort to improve awareness and explore unique characteristics, we review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and therapeutic strategies for transthyretin amyloidosis and highlight diagnostic pitfalls and clinical pearls for identifying patients with amyloid heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur B Shah
- From the Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (K.B.S., A.K.M., P.B.D.); Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (A.K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.C., M.S.M.); Queens Heart Institute, Rosedale, NY (O.O.A.); Cardiac Health Management Network, Chester, VA (P.B.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (I.V.F.).
| | - Anit K Mankad
- From the Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (K.B.S., A.K.M., P.B.D.); Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (A.K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.C., M.S.M.); Queens Heart Institute, Rosedale, NY (O.O.A.); Cardiac Health Management Network, Chester, VA (P.B.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (I.V.F.)
| | - Adam Castano
- From the Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (K.B.S., A.K.M., P.B.D.); Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (A.K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.C., M.S.M.); Queens Heart Institute, Rosedale, NY (O.O.A.); Cardiac Health Management Network, Chester, VA (P.B.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (I.V.F.)
| | - Olakunle O Akinboboye
- From the Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (K.B.S., A.K.M., P.B.D.); Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (A.K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.C., M.S.M.); Queens Heart Institute, Rosedale, NY (O.O.A.); Cardiac Health Management Network, Chester, VA (P.B.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (I.V.F.)
| | - Phillip B Duncan
- From the Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (K.B.S., A.K.M., P.B.D.); Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (A.K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.C., M.S.M.); Queens Heart Institute, Rosedale, NY (O.O.A.); Cardiac Health Management Network, Chester, VA (P.B.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (I.V.F.)
| | - Icilma V Fergus
- From the Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (K.B.S., A.K.M., P.B.D.); Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (A.K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.C., M.S.M.); Queens Heart Institute, Rosedale, NY (O.O.A.); Cardiac Health Management Network, Chester, VA (P.B.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (I.V.F.)
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- From the Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (K.B.S., A.K.M., P.B.D.); Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA (A.K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (A.C., M.S.M.); Queens Heart Institute, Rosedale, NY (O.O.A.); Cardiac Health Management Network, Chester, VA (P.B.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (I.V.F.)
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185
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Troncone L, Luciani M, Coggins M, Wilker EH, Ho CY, Codispoti KE, Frosch MP, Kayed R, Del Monte F. Aβ Amyloid Pathology Affects the Hearts of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: Mind the Heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2395-2407. [PMID: 27908343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individually, heart failure (HF) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are severe threats to population health, and their potential coexistence is an alarming prospect. In addition to sharing analogous epidemiological and genetic profiles, biochemical characteristics, and common triggers, the authors recently recognized common molecular and pathological features between the 2 conditions. Whereas cognitive impairment has been linked to HF through perfusion defects, angiopathy, and inflammation, whether patients with AD present with myocardial dysfunction, and if the 2 conditions bear a common pathogenesis as neglected siblings are unknown. OBJECTIVES Here, the authors investigated whether amyloid beta (Aβ) protein aggregates are present in the hearts of patients with a primary diagnosis of AD, affecting myocardial function. METHODS The authors examined myocardial function in a retrospective cross-sectional study from a cohort of AD patients and age-matched controls. Imaging and proteomics approaches were used to identify and quantify Aβ deposits in AD heart and brain specimens compared with controls. Cell shortening and calcium transients were measured on isolated adult cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Echocardiographic measurements of myocardial function suggest that patients with AD present with an anticipated diastolic dysfunction. As in the brain, Aβ40 and Aβ42 are present in the heart, and their expression is increased in AD. CONCLUSIONS Here, the authors provide the first report of the presence of compromised myocardial function and intramyocardial deposits of Aβ in AD patients. The findings depict a novel biological framework in which AD may be viewed either as a systemic disease or as a metastatic disorder leading to heart, and possibly multiorgan failure. AD and HF are both debilitating and life-threatening conditions, affecting enormous patient populations. Our findings underline a previously dismissed problem of a magnitude that will require new diagnostic approaches and treatments for brain and heart disease, and their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Troncone
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco Luciani
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Coggins
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, Texas
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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186
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Cariou E, Bennani Smires Y, Victor G, Robin G, Ribes D, Pascal P, Petermann A, Fournier P, Faguer S, Roncalli J, Rousseau H, Chauveau D, Carrié D, Berry I, Galinier M, Lairez O. Diagnostic score for the detection of cardiac amyloidosis in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and impact on prognosis. Amyloid 2017; 24:101-109. [PMID: 28553897 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2017.1333956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among diagnosis associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a progressive disease with poor prognosis. Early noninvasive identification is of growing clinical importance. The objective of our study was to integrate clinical, biologic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters to build a diagnostic score in patients with LVH. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and fourteen patients with LVH underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and a 99mTc-hydroxymethylene-diphosphonate scintigraphy (99mTc-HMDP) allowing to discriminate three groups of diagnoses: CA (n = 50 including 31, 18 and 1 ATTR, AL and AA amyloidosis), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 19) and unspecific cardiomyopathy (n = 45). Seven continuous variables associated with CA (systolic arterial pressure <130 mmHg; PR duration >200 ms; Sokolow index <12 mV; diastolic left ventricular posterior thickness >13 mm; E/Ea ratio >10; global longitudinal strain > -12% and sum of basal longitudinal strain > -47%) were selected and dichotomized according to the best cutoff value to build the diagnostic score, which was validated in an independent cohort of 34 patients with LVH from aortic stenosis. The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of CA using the score was 0.933 (95%CI 0.889-0.978). The best cut off value for the score was 3 leading to a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 81%. Area under the ROC curve for the score was 0.932 in the validation cohort. A diagnostic score >3 was associated with a poorest prognosis. CONCLUSION An integrated evaluation of 6 diagnostic factors including arterial blood pressure, ECG and echocardiographic parameters to build a diagnostic score is a simple and easily method to discriminate the 3 main CA in patients with LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Cariou
- a Department of Cardiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France
| | | | - Gérard Victor
- c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France
| | - Guillaume Robin
- a Department of Cardiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France
| | - David Ribes
- d Department of Nephrology and Referral Center for Rare Diseases , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France
| | - Pierre Pascal
- b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France
| | - Antoine Petermann
- b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,e Department of Radiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France
| | - Pauline Fournier
- a Department of Cardiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France
| | - Stanislas Faguer
- d Department of Nephrology and Referral Center for Rare Diseases , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,f Medical School of Purpan , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Jérôme Roncalli
- a Department of Cardiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,f Medical School of Purpan , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Hervé Rousseau
- e Department of Radiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,g Medical School of Rangueil , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Dominique Chauveau
- d Department of Nephrology and Referral Center for Rare Diseases , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,f Medical School of Purpan , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Didier Carrié
- a Department of Cardiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,f Medical School of Purpan , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Isabelle Berry
- b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,g Medical School of Rangueil , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Michel Galinier
- a Department of Cardiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,g Medical School of Rangueil , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Olivier Lairez
- a Department of Cardiology , University Hospital of Rangueil , Toulouse , France.,b Cardiac Imaging Center Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France.,g Medical School of Rangueil , University Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
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187
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Castaño A, Manson DK, Maurer MS, Bokhari S. Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Older Adults: Optimizing Cardiac Imaging to the Corresponding Diagnostic and Management Goal. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2017; 11:17. [PMID: 29057029 PMCID: PMC5648026 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-017-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure in older adults. Many cardiac imaging modalities have evolved to evaluate transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and include 2D echocardiography with tissue Doppler and speckle-strain imaging, nuclear scintigraphy, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. The purpose of this review is to highlight the optimal selection of advanced cardiac imaging techniques with corresponding diagnostic goals including raising suspicion, making an early diagnosis, and subtyping transthyretin cardiac amyloid, as well as management goals including assessment of ventricular impairment, prognosticating, and monitoring disease progression. Potential benefits of optimizing cardiac imaging in the elderly patient with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis may include enhanced and earlier diagnosis and refined long-term management. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in cardiac imaging techniques are changing diagnostic and management algorithms for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. SUMMARY With a new era of novel therapeutics, enhanced recognition, and earlier diagnosis approaching, selecting the appropriate non-invasive cardiac imaging modality will be essential for optimal care in the elderly patient with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Castaño
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, Division of Cardiology, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Laboratory of Nuclear Cardiology, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA,
| | - Daniel K Manson
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, Division of Cardiology, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, Division of Cardiology, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
| | - Sabahat Bokhari
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, Division of Cardiology, Laboratory of Nuclear Cardiology, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
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188
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Transthyretin cardiac amyloid and aortic stenosis in the elderly, the role of nuclear imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:947-949. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-1060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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189
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Pagourelias ED, Mirea O, Duchenne J, Van Cleemput J, Delforge M, Bogaert J, Kuznetsova T, Voigt JU. Echo Parameters for Differential Diagnosis in Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Head-to-Head Comparison of Deformation and Nondeformation Parameters. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:e005588. [PMID: 28298286 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.005588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plethora of echo parameters has been suggested for distinguishing cardiac amyloidosis (CA) from other causes of myocardial thickening with, however, scarce data on their head-to-head comparison. This study aimed at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of various deformation and conventional echo parameters in differentiating CA from other hypertrophic substrates, especially in the gray zone of mild hypertrophy (maximum wall thickness ≤16 mm) or normal ejection fraction (EF). METHODS AND RESULTS =0.0002, respectively) independent of the CA type. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that in patients with thickened hearts, EF global longitudinal strain ratio has the best accuracy in detecting CA, even among the most "challenging" patient subgroups as those with mild hypertrophy and normal EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios D Pagourelias
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oana Mirea
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Duchenne
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Cleemput
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Delforge
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaert
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatyana Kuznetsova
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (E.D.P., O.M., J.D., J.V.C., J.-U.V.), Hematology (M.D.), Radiology (J.B.), Cardiovascular Sciences (T.K.), University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium.
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190
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Shah R, Nucifora G, Perry R, Selvanayagam JB. Noninvasive imaging in cardiac deposition diseases. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:44-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Shah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Flinders Medical Centre; Bedford Park Adelaide Australia
- Department of Heart Health; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute; Adelaide Australia
| | - Gaetano Nucifora
- Department of Heart Health; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute; Adelaide Australia
- School of Medicine; Flinders University; Bedford Park Adelaide Australia
| | - Rebecca Perry
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Flinders Medical Centre; Bedford Park Adelaide Australia
- Department of Heart Health; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute; Adelaide Australia
- School of Medicine; Flinders University; Bedford Park Adelaide Australia
| | - Joseph B. Selvanayagam
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Flinders Medical Centre; Bedford Park Adelaide Australia
- Department of Heart Health; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute; Adelaide Australia
- School of Medicine; Flinders University; Bedford Park Adelaide Australia
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191
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Maurer MS, Elliott P, Comenzo R, Semigran M, Rapezzi C. Addressing Common Questions Encountered in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Amyloidosis. Circulation 2017; 135:1357-1377. [PMID: 28373528 PMCID: PMC5392416 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cardiac imaging have resulted in greater recognition of cardiac amyloidosis in everyday clinical practice, but the diagnosis continues to be made in patients with late-stage disease, suggesting that more needs to be done to improve awareness of its clinical manifestations and the potential of therapeutic intervention to improve prognosis. Light chain cardiac amyloidosis, in particular, if recognized early and treated with targeted plasma cell therapy, can be managed very effectively. For patients with transthyretin amyloidosis, there are numerous therapies that are currently in late-phase clinical trials. In this review, we address common questions encountered in clinical practice regarding etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of cardiac amyloidosis, focusing on recent important developments in cardiac imaging and biochemical diagnosis. The aim is to show how a systematic approach to the evaluation of suspected cardiac amyloidosis can impact the prognosis of patients in the modern era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew S Maurer
- From Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.S.M.); University College London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, UK (P.E.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (R.C.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston (M.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.).
| | - Perry Elliott
- From Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.S.M.); University College London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, UK (P.E.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (R.C.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston (M.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Raymond Comenzo
- From Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.S.M.); University College London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, UK (P.E.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (R.C.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston (M.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Marc Semigran
- From Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.S.M.); University College London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, UK (P.E.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (R.C.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston (M.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- From Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.S.M.); University College London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, UK (P.E.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (R.C.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston (M.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
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Pontone G, Di Bella G, Castelletti S, Maestrini V, Festa P, Ait-Ali L, Masci PG, Monti L, di Giovine G, De Lazzari M, Cipriani A, Guaricci AI, Dellegrottaglie S, Pepe A, Marra MP, Aquaro GD. Clinical recommendations of cardiac magnetic resonance, Part II. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:209-222. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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193
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Mankad AK, Sesay I, Shah KB. Light-chain cardiac amyloidosis. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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194
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Pawar S, Haq M, Ruberg FL, Miller EJ. Imaging Options in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Differentiating AL from ATTR. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-017-9399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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195
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Nardozza M, Chiodi E, Mele D. Left Ventricle Relative Apical Sparing in Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2017; 27:141-142. [PMID: 29142812 PMCID: PMC5672686 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_22_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disease characterized by the extracellular deposition of the protein amyloid. It is a multiorgan disease, and cardiac involvement is not uncommon, generally in the form of a restrictive cardiomyopathy. Typical aspects of cardiac amyloidosis have been described at echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In particular, the relative apical sparing at two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has been reported to be specific for cardiac amyloidosis. In our case, we report for the first time that this echocardiographic sign is related to lack of hyperenhancement at late gadolinium enhancement imaging in cardiac MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Nardozza
- Non Invasive Cardiology Unit, Emergency Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chiodi
- Radiology Unit, Radiology and Laboratory Medicine Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donato Mele
- Non Invasive Cardiology Unit, Emergency Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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196
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Brunjes DL, Castano A, Clemons A, Rubin J, Maurer MS. Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Older Americans. J Card Fail 2016; 22:996-1003. [PMID: 27769906 PMCID: PMC5127719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt), formerly called senile cardiac amyloidosis (SCA), is almost exclusively a disorder of older adults. As the population ages, the diagnosis of ATTRwt will increase, making it the most common form of cardiac amyloidosis. An important precondition to reduce underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis is to maintain a high index of suspicion for cardiac amyloidosis. Several clues can be gleaned from the clinical history, physical exam, electrocardiography, and noninvasive imaging techniques. Nuclear scintigraphy agents using 99mTc-phosphate derivatives combined with assessment for monoclonal proteins are eliminating the need for tissue confirmation in ATTR. Morbidity and mortality from ATTRwt cardiac amyloid is high and the emergence of numerous therapies based on a biologic understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition, including drugs to inhibit the synthesis of TTR, stabilize TTR, and degrade or extract amyloid, provides new hope for those afflicted. This review briefly covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations, as well as diagnostic strategies and treatment, of ATTR in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Brunjes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Adam Castano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Autumn Clemons
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonah Rubin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
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197
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Perfetto F, Bergesio F, Grifoni E, Fabbri A, Ciuti G, Frusconi S, Angelotti P, Spini V, Cappelli F. Different NT-proBNP circulating levels for different types of cardiac amyloidosis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2016; 17:810-7. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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198
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Claus P, Omar AMS, Pedrizzetti G, Sengupta PP, Nagel E. Tissue Tracking Technology for Assessing Cardiac Mechanics: Principles, Normal Values, and Clinical Applications. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 8:1444-1460. [PMID: 26699113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue tracking technologies such as speckle tracking echocardiography and feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance have enhanced the noninvasive assessment of myocardial deformation in clinical research and clinical practice. The widespread enthusiasm for using tissue tracking techniques in research and clinical practice stems from the ready applicability of these technologies to routine echocardiographic or cardiac magnetic resonance images. The technology is common to both modalities, and derived parameters to describe myocardial mechanics are the similar, albeit with different accuracies. We provide an overview of the normal values and reproducibility of the clinically applicable parameters, together with their clinical validation. The use of these technologies in different clinical scenarios, and the additive value to current imaging diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Claus
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alaa Mabrouk Salem Omar
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gianni Pedrizzetti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Partho P Sengupta
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eike Nagel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Goethe University Frankfurt and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research ([DZHK], partner site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt, Germany.
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199
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Prognosis of Light Chain Amyloidosis With Preserved LVEF: Added Value of 2D Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography to the Current Prognostic Staging System. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 10:398-407. [PMID: 27639764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated whether 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) has incremental value for prognosis over traditional clinical, echocardiographic, and serological markers-with main focus on the current prognostic staging system-in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. BACKGROUND Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is the major determinant of outcome in AL amyloidosis. The current prognostic staging system is based primarily on serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and free light chain differential (FLC-diff). METHODS Consecutive patients with biopsy-proven AL amyloidosis and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥55% were divided into group 1 with CA (n = 63) and group 2 without CA (n = 87). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) by 2D-STE was performed with Vivid E9 (GE Healthcare Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin) and syngo Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) software (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania) (GLSGE and GLSVVI, respectively). RESULTS Thirty-two deaths (51%) occurred in group 1 and 13 (15%) in group 2 (p ≤ 0.001). Group 1 had thicker walls, lower early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity at septal mitral annulus, and greater left ventricular mass, left atrial volume, glomerular filtration rate, FLC-diff, cTnT, and NT-proBNP (p < 0.001). For the entire cohort, GLSGE ≥ -14.81, GLSVVI ≥-15.02, cTnT, NT-proBNP, FLC-diff, age, left ventricular wall thickness, early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity at septal mitral annulus, diastolic dysfunction grade, glomerular filtration rate, deceleration time, and left atrial volume were univariate predictors of death. In a multivariate Cox model, GLSGE ≥-14.81 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 7.13; p = 0.03), FLC-diff, NT-proBNP, and age were independent predictors of survival. There was also a strong trend for GLSVVI ≥-15.02 (HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 0.98 to 6.33; p = 0.055). Using a nested logistic regression model, GLSGE (p = 0.03) and GLSVVI (p = 0.05) provided incremental prognostic value over cTnT, NT-proBNP, and FLC-diff. For survival analysis limited to group 2 (non-CA), GLSGE and GLSVVI both predicted all-cause mortality (GLSGE HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.47 [p = 0.02]; GLSVVI HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.49 [p = 0.04], respectively). CONCLUSIONS 2D-STE predicted outcome and provided incremental prognostic information over the current prognostic staging system, especially in the group without CA.
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Clemmensen TS, Mølgaard H, Andersen NF, Baerentzen S, Soerensen J, Poulsen SH. A rare presentation of cardiac amyloid deposits isolated to intramural vessels. Echocardiography 2016; 33:1777-1780. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tor S. Clemmensen
- Department of Cardiology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of Cardiology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Niels F. Andersen
- Department of Hematology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steen Baerentzen
- Department of Pathology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jens Soerensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steen H. Poulsen
- Department of Cardiology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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