151
|
Lee CS, Georgiou DK, Dagnino-Acosta A, Xu J, Ismailov II, Knoblauch M, Monroe TO, Ji R, Hanna AD, Joshi AD, Long C, Oakes J, Tran T, Corona BT, Lorca S, Ingalls CP, Narkar VA, Lanner JT, Bayle JH, Durham WJ, Hamilton SL. Ligands for FKBP12 increase Ca2+ influx and protein synthesis to improve skeletal muscle function. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25556-70. [PMID: 25053409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin at high doses (2-10 mg/kg body weight) inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and protein synthesis in mice. In contrast, low doses of rapamycin (10 μg/kg) increase mTORC1 activity and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Similar changes are found with SLF (synthetic ligand for FKBP12, which does not inhibit mTORC1) and in mice with a skeletal muscle-specific FKBP12 deficiency. These interventions also increase Ca(2+) influx to enhance refilling of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores, slow muscle fatigue, and increase running endurance without negatively impacting cardiac function. FKBP12 deficiency or longer treatments with low dose rapamycin or SLF increase the percentage of type I fibers, further adding to fatigue resistance. We demonstrate that FKBP12 and its ligands impact multiple aspects of muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Lee
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | | | - Jianjun Xu
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Mark Knoblauch
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - RuiRui Ji
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Amy D Hanna
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Aditya D Joshi
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Cheng Long
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Joshua Oakes
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ted Tran
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- the Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - Sabina Lorca
- the Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Christopher P Ingalls
- the Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - Vihang A Narkar
- the Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | | | - J Henri Bayle
- From the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - William J Durham
- the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1041
| | | |
Collapse
|
152
|
Evans RM, Mangelsdorf DJ. Nuclear Receptors, RXR, and the Big Bang. Cell 2014; 157:255-66. [PMID: 24679540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of genes encoding the receptors for steroids, retinoids, vitamin D, and thyroid hormone and their structural and functional analysis revealed an evolutionarily conserved template for nuclear hormone receptors. This discovery sparked identification of numerous genes encoding related proteins, termed orphan receptors. Characterization of these orphan receptors and, in particular, of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) positioned nuclear receptors at the epicenter of the "Big Bang" of molecular endocrinology. This Review provides a personal perspective on nuclear receptors and explores their integrated and coordinated signaling networks that are essential for multicellular life, highlighting the RXR heterodimer and its associated ligands and transcriptional mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Evans
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; The Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Kovanda A, Režen T, Rogelj B. MicroRNA in skeletal muscle development, growth, atrophy, and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 5:509-25. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kovanda
- Department of Biotechnology; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
An D, Lessard SJ, Toyoda T, Lee MY, Koh HJ, Qi L, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ. Overexpression of TRB3 in muscle alters muscle fiber type and improves exercise capacity in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R925-33. [PMID: 24740654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00027.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that TRB3, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila tribbles, plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. In the liver, TRB3 binds and inhibits Akt activity, whereas in adipocytes, TRB3 upregulates fatty acid oxidation. In cultured muscle cells, TRB3 has been identified as a potential regulator of insulin signaling. However, little is known about the function and regulation of TRB3 in skeletal muscle in vivo. In the current study, we found that 4 wk of voluntary wheel running (6.6 ± 0.4 km/day) increased TRB3 mRNA by 1.6-fold and protein by 2.5-fold in the triceps muscle. Consistent with this finding, muscle-specific transgenic mice that overexpress TRB3 (TG) had a pronounced increase in exercise capacity compared with wild-type (WT) littermates (TG: 1,535 ± 283; WT: 644 ± 67 joules). The increase in exercise capacity in TRB3 TG mice was not associated with changes in glucose uptake or glycogen levels; however, these mice displayed a dramatic shift toward a more oxidative/fatigue-resistant (type I/IIA) muscle fiber type, including threefold more type I fibers in soleus muscles. Skeletal muscle from TRB3 TG mice had significantly decreased PPARα expression, twofold higher levels of miR208b and miR499, and corresponding increases in the myosin heavy chain isoforms Myh7 and Myb7b, which encode these microRNAs. These findings suggest that TRB3 regulates muscle fiber type via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α)-regulated miR499/miR208b pathway, revealing a novel function for TRB3 in the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber type and exercise capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding An
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sarah J Lessard
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ling Qi
- Salk Institute, San Diego, California
| | | | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Sun Y, Zhao X, Luo M, Zhou Y, Ren W, Wu K, Li X, Shen J, Hu Y. The pro-apoptotic role of the regulatory feedback loop between miR-124 and PKM1/HNF4α in colorectal cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4318-32. [PMID: 24619225 PMCID: PMC3975400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNA regulatory circuits play important roles in tumorigenesis. We previously reported that miR-124 is correlated with prognosis of colorectal cancer due to PKM-dependent regulation of glycolysis. However, the mechanism by which miR-124 regulates apoptosis in colorectal cancer remains largely elusive. Here, we show that miR-124 induced significant apoptosis in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines. The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated by miR-124. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic role of miR-124 was dependent on the status of PKM1/2 level. PKM1 was required for miR-124-induced apoptosis. Via direct protein-protein interaction, PKM1 promoted HNF4α binding to the promoter region of miR-124 and transcribing miR-124. Moreover, HNF4α or PKM1 had a more dramatic effect on colorectal cancer cell apoptosis in the presence of miR-124. However, inhibition of miR-124 blocked cell apoptosis induced by HNF4α or PKM1. These data indicate that miR-124 not only alters the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism but also stimulates cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, the positive feedback loop between miR-124 and PKM1/HNF4α plays an important role in colorectal cancer cell apoptosis; it suggests that disrupting this regulatory circuit might be a potential therapeutic tool for colorectal cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Kefen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiping Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Toivonen JM, Manzano R, Oliván S, Zaragoza P, García-Redondo A, Osta R. MicroRNA-206: a potential circulating biomarker candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89065. [PMID: 24586506 PMCID: PMC3930686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal motor neuron disease that progressively debilitates neuronal cells that control voluntary muscle activity. Biomarkers are urgently needed to facilitate ALS diagnosis and prognosis, and as indicators of therapeutic response in clinical trials. microRNAs (miRNAs), small posttranscriptional modifiers of gene expression, are frequently altered in disease conditions. Besides their important regulatory role in variety of biological processes, miRNAs can also be released into the circulation by pathologically affected tissues and display remarkable stability in body fluids. In a mouse model of ALS that expresses mutated human superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G93A) skeletal muscle is one of the tissues affected early by mutant SOD1 toxicity. To find biomarkers for ALS, we studied miRNA alterations from skeletal muscle and plasma of SOD1-G93A mice, and subsequently tested the levels of the affected miRNAs in the serum from human ALS patients. Fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles from symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice (age 90 days) and their control littermates were first studied using miRNA microarrays and then evaluated with quantitative PCR from five age groups from neonatal to the terminal disease stage (10–120 days). Among those miRNA changed in various age/gender/muscle groups (miR-206, -1, -133a, -133b, -145, -21, -24), miR-206 was the only one consistently altered during the course of the disease pathology. In both sexes, mature miR-206 was increased in fast-twitch muscles preferably affected in the SOD1-G93A model, with highest expression towards the most severely affected animals. Importantly, miR-206 was also increased in the circulation of symptomatic animals and in a group of 12 definite ALS patients tested. We conclude that miR-206 is elevated in the circulation of symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice and possibly in human ALS patients. Although larger scale studies on ALS patients are warranted, miR-206 is a promising candidate biomarker for this motor neuron disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janne M Toivonen
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Oliván
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Multifaceted roles of miR-1s in repressing the fetal gene program in the heart. Cell Res 2014; 24:278-92. [PMID: 24481529 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are an important class of regulators that play roles in cellular homeostasis and disease. Muscle-specific miRNAs, miR-1-1 and miR-1-2, have been found to play important roles in regulating cell proliferation and cardiac function. Redundancy between miR-1-1 and miR-1-2 has previously impeded a full understanding of their roles in vivo. To determine how miR-1s regulate cardiac function in vivo, we generated mice lacking miR-1-1 and miR-1-2 without affecting nearby genes. miR-1 double knockout (miR-1 dKO) mice were viable and not significantly different from wild-type controls at postnatal day 2.5. Thereafter, all miR-1 dKO mice developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and died before P17. Massively parallel sequencing showed that a large portion of upregulated genes after deletion of miR-1s is associated with the cardiac fetal gene program including cell proliferation, glycolysis, glycogenesis, and fetal sarcomere-associated genes. Consistent with gene profiling, glycogen content and glycolytic rates were significantly increased in miR-1 dKO mice. Estrogen-related Receptor β (Errβ) was identified as a direct target of miR-1, which can regulate glycolysis, glycogenesis, and the expression of sarcomeric proteins. Cardiac-specific overexpression of Errβ led to glycogen storage, cardiac dilation, and sudden cardiac death around 3-4 weeks of age. We conclude that miR-1 and its primary target Errβ act together to regulate the transition from prenatal to neonatal stages by repressing the cardiac fetal gene program. Loss of this regulation leads to a neonatal DCM.
Collapse
|
158
|
Sato S, Ogura Y, Kumar A. TWEAK/Fn14 Signaling Axis Mediates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Metabolic Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2014; 5:18. [PMID: 24478779 PMCID: PMC3902304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) through binding to its receptor fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14) has been shown to regulate many cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, under both physiological and pathological conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that TWEAK is also a major muscle wasting cytokine. TWEAK activates nuclear factor-κB signaling and proteolytic pathways such as ubiquitin–proteasome system, autophagy, and caspases to induce muscle proteolysis in cultured myotubes. Fn14 is dormant or expressed in minimal amounts in normal healthy muscle. However, specific atrophic conditions, such as denervation, immobilization, and starvation stimulate the expression of Fn14 leading to activation of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling and eventually skeletal muscle atrophy. TWEAK also causes slow- to fast-type fiber transition in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that TWEAK diminishes mitochondrial content and represses skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation capacity. TWEAK mediates these effects through affecting the expression of a number of genes and microRNAs. In this review article, we have discussed the recent advancements toward understanding the role and mechanisms of action of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in skeletal muscle with particular reference to different models of atrophy and oxidative metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Sato
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, KY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Santulli G, Iaccarino G, De Luca N, Trimarco B, Condorelli G. Atrial fibrillation and microRNAs. Front Physiol 2014; 5:15. [PMID: 24478726 PMCID: PMC3900852 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, especially in the elderly, and has a significant genetic component. Recently, several independent investigators have demonstrated a functional role for small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) in the pathophysiology of this cardiac arrhythmia. This report represents a systematic and updated appraisal of the main studies that established a mechanistic association between specific microRNAs and AF, focusing both on the regulation of electrical and structural remodeling of cardiac tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy ; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy ; Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Manhattan New York, NY, USA
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy ; IRCCS "Multimedica," Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola De Luca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center Rozzano (Milan), Italy ; University of Milan Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Baggish AL, Park J, Min PK, Isaacs S, Parker BA, Thompson PD, Troyanos C, D'Hemecourt P, Dyer S, Thiel M, Hale A, Chan SY. Rapid upregulation and clearance of distinct circulating microRNAs after prolonged aerobic exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:522-31. [PMID: 24436293 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01141.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short nonprotein coding RNA molecules, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are intracellular mediators of adaptive processes, including muscle hypertrophy, contractile force generation, and inflammation. During basal conditions and tissue injury, miRNAs are released into the bloodstream as "circulating" miRNAs (c-miRNAs). To date, the impact of extended-duration, submaximal aerobic exercise on plasma concentrations of c-miRNAs remains incompletely characterized. We hypothesized that specific c-miRNAs are differentially upregulated following prolonged aerobic exercise. To test this hypothesis, we measured concentrations of c-miRNAs enriched in muscle (miR-1, miR-133a, miR-499-5p), cardiac tissue (miR-208a), and the vascular endothelium (miR-126), as well as those important in inflammation (miR-146a) in healthy male marathon runners (N = 21) at rest, immediately after a marathon (42-km foot race), and 24 h after the race. In addition, we compared c-miRNA profiles to those of conventional protein biomarkers reflective of skeletal muscle damage, cardiac stress and necrosis, and systemic inflammation. Candidate c-miRNAs increased immediately after the marathon and declined to prerace levels or lower after 24 h of race completion. However, the magnitude of change for each c-miRNA differed, even when originating from the same tissue type. In contrast, traditional biomarkers increased after exercise but remained elevated 24 h postexercise. Thus c-miRNAs respond differentially to prolonged exercise, suggesting the existence of specific mechanisms of c-miRNA release and clearance not fully explained by generalized cellular injury. Furthermore, c-miRNA expression patterns differ in a temporal fashion from corollary conventional tissue-specific biomarkers, emphasizing the potential of c-miRNAs as unique, real-time markers of exercise-induced tissue adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
161
|
Fan W, Atkins AR, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM. Road to exercise mimetics: targeting nuclear receptors in skeletal muscle. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:T87-T100. [PMID: 24280961 PMCID: PMC3936671 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and is the major site for energy expenditure. It exhibits remarkable plasticity in response to physiological stimuli such as exercise. Physical exercise remodels skeletal muscle and enhances its capability to burn calories, which has been shown to be beneficial for many clinical conditions including the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Nuclear receptors (NRs) comprise a class of transcription factors found only in metazoans that regulate major biological processes such as reproduction, development, and metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for NRs and their co-regulators in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism and exercise-induced muscle remodeling. While nothing can fully replace exercise, development of exercise mimetics that enhance or even substitute for the beneficial effects of physical exercise would be of great benefit. The unique property of NRs that allows modulation by endogenous or synthetic ligands makes them bona fide therapeutic targets. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of NRs and their co-regulators in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and summarize recent progress in the development of exercise mimetics that target NRs and their co-regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
162
|
Cho Y, Hazen BC, Russell AP, Kralli A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1)- and estrogen-related receptor (ERR)-induced regulator in muscle 1 (Perm1) is a tissue-specific regulator of oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25207-25218. [PMID: 23836911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and energy transduction pathways are critical for skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The expression of genes important for mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism are under the control of members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators and the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. Perturbations in PGC-1 and/or ERR activities have been associated with alterations in capacity for endurance exercise, rates of muscle atrophy, and cardiac function. The mechanism(s) by which PGC-1 and ERR proteins regulate muscle-specific transcriptional programs is not fully understood. We show here that PGC-1α and ERRs induce the expression of a so far uncharacterized muscle-specific protein, PGC-1- and ERR-induced regulator in muscle 1 (Perm1), which regulates the expression of selective PGC-1/ERR target genes. Perm1 is required for the basal as well as PGC-1α-enhanced expression of genes with roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, energy transfer, and contractile function. Silencing of Perm1 in cultured myotubes compromises respiratory capacity and diminishes PGC-1α-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Our findings support a role for Perm1 acting downstream of PGC-1α and ERRs to regulate muscle-specific pathways important for energy metabolism and contractile function. Elucidating the function of Perm1 may enable novel approaches for the treatment of disorders with compromised skeletal muscle bioenergetics, such as mitochondrial myopathies and age-related/disease-associated muscle atrophies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Cho
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Bethany C Hazen
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- From the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Endo K, Weng H, Naito Y, Sasaoka T, Takahashi A, Fukushima Y, Iwai N. Classification of various muscular tissues using miRNA profiling. Biomed Res 2013; 34:289-99. [PMID: 24389405 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs of 18-23 nucleotides that regulate gene expression. Recently, plasma miRNAs have been investigated as biomarkers for various diseases. In the present study, we explored whether miRNA expression profiling of various muscle cells may be useful for the diagnosis of various diseases involving muscle necrosis. miRNA expression profiling was assessed by miRNA array and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction by using a reverse primer of a stem loop structure. Profiling of various muscle cells of mouse, including cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles, and vascular and visceral smooth muscles, indicated that profiling of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-145, miR-206, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR499 were adequate to discriminate muscle cells. miR-145 was remarkably highly expressed in smooth muscles. miR-208a and miR-499 were highly expressed in cardiomyocytes. miR-133a was highly expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscles. miR-206 and miR-208b were expressed in the slow-twitch skeletal muscles, and they can likely discriminate fast- and slow-twitch types of skeletal muscle cells. We observed that brown fat adipose cells had an miRNA expression profile very similar to those of skeletal muscle cells in the mouse. Plasma concentrations of miR-133a and miR-145 were extremely useful in diagnosing skeletal muscle necrosis in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and colon smooth muscle necrosis in a rat ischemic colitis model, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the miRNA expression profiles of various muscular tissues. Our results suggest that expression profiling would be useful for the diagnosis of various diseases such as muscular necrosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Animals
- Colitis, Ischemic/blood
- Colitis, Ischemic/diagnosis
- Colitis, Ischemic/genetics
- Colitis, Ischemic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/blood
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnosis
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Rats
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Terminology as Topic
- Tissue Array Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Endo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|