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Annamanedi M, Varma GYN, Anuradha K, Kalle AM. Celecoxib Enhances the Efficacy of Low-Dose Antibiotic Treatment against Polymicrobial Sepsis in Mice and Clinical Isolates of ESKAPE Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:805. [PMID: 28533769 PMCID: PMC5420555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of multidrug resistant bacterial infections has been a great challenge globally. Previous studies including our study have highlighted the use of celecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in combination with antibiotic has decreased the minimal inhibitory concentration to limit Staphylococcus aureus infection. However, the efficacy of this combinatorial treatment against various pathogenic bacteria is not determined. Therefore, we have evaluated the potential use of celecoxib in combination with low doses of antibiotic in limiting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vivo in murine polymicrobial sepsis developed by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) method and against clinically isolated human ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). The in vivo results clearly demonstrated a significant reduction in the bacterial load in different organs and in the inflammatory markers such as COX-2 and NF-κB via activation of SIRT1 in mice treated with imipenem, a choice of antibiotic for polymicrobial sepsis treatment. Combinatorial treatment of ampicillin and celecoxib was effective on clinical isolates of ESKAPE pathogens, 45% of tested clinical isolates showed more than 50% reduction in the colony forming units when compared to ampicillin alone. In conclusion, this non-traditional treatment strategy might be effective in clinic to reduce the dose of antibiotic to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Annamanedi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - Gajapati Y N Varma
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - K Anuradha
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabad, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
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152
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Crusca E, Câmara AS, Matos CO, Marchetto R, Cilli EM, Lião LM, Lima de Oliveira A. NMR structures and molecular dynamics simulation of hylin-a1 peptide analogs interacting with micelles. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:421-430. [PMID: 28425152 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are recognized candidates with pharmaceutical potential against epidemic emerging multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the unknown structure and evaluate the interaction with dodecylphosphatidylcholine (DPC) and sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) micelles with three W6 -Hylin-a1 analogs antimicrobial peptides (HyAc, HyK, and HyD). The HyAc, HyK, and HyD bound to DPC micelles are all formed by a unique α-helix structure. Moreover, all peptides reach the DPC micelles' core, which thus suggests that the N-terminal modifications do not influence the interaction with zwiterionic surfaces. On the other hand, only HyAc and HyK peptides are able to penetrate the SDS micelle core while HyD remains always at its surface. The stability of the α-helical structure, after peptide-membrane interaction, can also be important to the second step of peptide insertion into the membrane hydrophobic core during permeabilization. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Crusca
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Câmara
- Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Reinaldo Marchetto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Lima de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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153
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Bacterial thiol oxidoreductases - from basic research to new antibacterial strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3977-3989. [PMID: 28409380 PMCID: PMC5403849 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent, rapid increase in bacterial antimicrobial resistance has become a major public health concern. One approach to generate new classes of antibacterials is targeting virulence rather than the viability of bacteria. Proteins of the Dsb system, which play a key role in the virulence of many pathogenic microorganisms, represent potential new drug targets. The first part of the article presents current knowledge of how the Dsb system impacts function of various protein secretion systems that influence the virulence of many pathogenic bacteria. Next, the review describes methods used to study the structure, biochemistry, and microbiology of the Dsb proteins and shows how these experiments broaden our knowledge about their function. The lessons gained from basic research have led to a specific search for inhibitors blocking the Dsb networks.
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154
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Cloning, expression, purification and biophysical analysis of two putative halogenases from the glycopeptide A47,934 gene cluster of Streptomyces toyocaensis. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 132:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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155
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Jones MB, Nierman WC, Shan Y, Frank BC, Spoering A, Ling L, Peoples A, Zullo A, Lewis K, Nelson KE. Reducing the Bottleneck in Discovery of Novel Antibiotics. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:658-667. [PMID: 27896376 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most antibiotics were discovered by screening soil actinomycetes, but the efficiency of the discovery platform collapsed in the 1960s. By now, more than 3000 antibiotics have been described and most of the current discovery effort is focused on the rediscovery of known compounds, making the approach impractical. The last marketed broad-spectrum antibiotics discovered were daptomycin, linezolid, and fidaxomicin. The current state of the art in the development of new anti-infectives is a non-existent pipeline in the absence of a discovery platform. This is particularly troubling given the emergence of pan-resistant pathogens. The current practice in dealing with the problem of the background of known compounds is to use chemical dereplication of extracts to assess the relative novelty of a compound it contains. Dereplication typically requires scale-up, extraction, and often fractionation before an accurate mass and structure can be produced by MS analysis in combination with 2D NMR. Here, we describe a transcriptome analysis approach using RNA sequencing (RNASeq) to identify promising novel antimicrobial compounds from microbial extracts. Our pipeline permits identification of antimicrobial compounds that produce distinct transcription profiles using unfractionated cell extracts. This efficient pipeline will eliminate the requirement for purification and structure determination of compounds from extracts and will facilitate high-throughput screen of cell extracts for identification of novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus B Jones
- Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Human Longevity, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Yue Shan
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan C Frank
- Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Losee Ling
- NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Human Longevity, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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156
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Harris M, Ahmed H, Barr B, LeVine D, Pace L, Mohapatra A, Morshed B, Bumgardner JD, Jennings JA. Magnetic stimuli-responsive chitosan-based drug delivery biocomposite for multiple triggered release. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1407-1414. [PMID: 28365285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive biomaterials offer a unique advantage over traditional local drug delivery systems in that the drug elution rate can be controllably increased to combat developing symptomology or maintain high local elution levels for disease treatment. In this study, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the antibiotic vancomycin were loaded into chitosan microbeads cross-linked with varying lengths of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Beads were characterized using degradation, biocompatibility, and elution studies with successive magnetic stimulations at multiple field strengths and frequencies. Thirty-minute magnetic stimulation induced a temporary increase in daily elution rate of up to 45% that was dependent on field strength, field frequency and cross-linker length. Beads degraded by up to 70% after 3 days in accelerated lysozyme degradation tests, but continued to elute antibiotic for up to 8 days. No cytotoxic effects were observed in vitro compared to controls. These promising preliminary results indicate clinical potential for use in stimuli-controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Hamza Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Brandico Barr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - David LeVine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Leslie Pace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Ankita Mohapatra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Bashir Morshed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Joel D Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Jessica Amber Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
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157
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Das B, Sarkar C, Das D, Gupta A, Kalra A, Sahni S. Telavancin: a novel semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide agent to counter the challenge of resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2017; 4:49-73. [PMID: 28634536 PMCID: PMC5467880 DOI: 10.1177/2049936117690501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telavancin (TD-6424), a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide vancomycin-derivative, is a novel antimicrobial agent developed by Theravance for overcoming resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections, specifically methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) had approved telavancin in 2009 for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA (S. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus anginosus group, or Enterococcus faecalis). Telavancin has two proposed mechanisms of action. In vitro, telavancin has a rapid, concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, due to disruption of cell membrane integrity. Telavancin has demonstrable in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Telavancin and vancomycin have similar spectra of activity. Gram-negative bacteria are usually non-susceptible to telavancin. Telavancin has been successfully tested in various animal models of bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Phase II Telavancin versus Standard Therapy for Treatment of Complicated Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections due to Gram-Positive Bacteria (FAST 1 and FAST 2) and phase III [Assessment of Telavancin in Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections 1 (ATLAS 1 and ATLAS 2)] clinical trials have been conducted for evaluating telavancin's efficacy and safety in cSSSIs. Phase III clinical trials have been carried out for evaluating telavancin's safety and efficacy in nosocomial pneumonia [Assessment of Telavancin for Treatment of Hospital acquired Pneumonia 1 and 2 (ATTAIN 1 and ATTAIN 2)]. A phase II randomized, double-blind, clinical trial has been carried out for evaluating telavancin's safety and efficacy in uncomplicated S. aureus bacteremia [Telavancin for Treatment of Uncomplicated S. aureus Bacteremia (ASSURE)]. Pacemaker lead-related infective endocarditis due to a vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain (non-daptomycin susceptible) was successfully treated with parenteral telavancin for 8 weeks. Telavancin extensively binds to serum albumin (~93%) and has a relatively small volume of distribution. Telavancin is not biotransformed by any cytochrome P450 microsomal enzymes and excreted mainly in the urine. Though well-tolerated, worrisome adverse effects, including renal dysfunction and QTc prolongation are of potential concern. Given its extensive binding to plasma proteins, long half-life, and a long post-antibiotic effect, it represents a promising addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in combating infections caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens, namely, MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Chayna Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) Shillong, Shillong, India
| | - Debasmita Das
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur Ajmer Expressway, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Arnav Kalra
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Shubham Sahni
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
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158
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Wijesekara PNK, Kumbukgolla WW, Jayaweera JAAS, Rawat D. Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining Its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4010006. [PMID: 29056665 PMCID: PMC5606620 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin is one of the “last-line” classes of antibiotics used in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Even though vancomycin was discovered in the 1950s, it was widely used after the 1980s for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, as the prevalence of these strains were increased. However, it is currently evident that vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci have developed for various reasons, including the use of avaparcin—an analog of vancomycin—as a feed additive in livestock. Therefore, prophylactic and empiric use of antibiotics and their analogues need to be minimized. Herein we discuss the rational use of vancomycin in treating humans, horses, farm animals, and pet animals such as dogs, cats, and rabbits. In present day context, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in order to maintain their efficacy. In order to prevent emergence of resistance, proper guidance for the responsible use of antimicrobials is indispensable. Therefore, almost all stakeholders who use antibiotics should have an in-depth understanding of the antibiotic that they use. As such, it is imperative to be aware of the important aspects of vancomycin. In the present review, efforts have been made to discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications, emergence of resistance, control of resistance, adverse effects, and alternative therapy for vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wikum Widuranga Kumbukgolla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University Mihintale, Mihintale 50008, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Diwan Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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159
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Mechanism of catalysis, E2 recognition, and autoinhibition for the IpaH family of bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1311-1316. [PMID: 28115697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611595114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IpaH enzymes are secreted bacterial effectors that function within host cells as E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligases. Catalytic activity is imparted by a conserved novel E3 ligase (NEL) domain that is unique to Gram-negative pathogens and whose activity is repressed by a flanking substrate-binding leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain when substrate is absent. How the NEL domain catalyzes the conjugation of Ub onto substrates, recognizes host E2s, and maintains its autoinhibited state remain poorly understood. Here we used mutagenesis and enzyme kinetic analyses to address these gaps in knowledge. Mutagenesis of conserved residues on two remote surfaces of the NEL domain identified functional clusters proximal to and distal to the active site cysteine. By analyzing the kinetics of Ub charging and discharging, we identified proximal active site residues that function as either the catalytic acid or catalytic base for aminolysis. Further analysis revealed that distal site residues mediate the direct binding of E2. In studying the full-length protein, we also have uncovered that IpaH family autoinhibition is achieved by a short-circuiting mechanism wherein the LRR domain selectively blocks productive aminolysis, but not the nonproductive discharge of Ub from the E3 to solvent. This mode of autoinhibition, which is not shared by the HECT domain ligase Smurf2, leads to the unanticipated depletion of E2∼Ub and thus a concomitant dominant-negative effect on other E3s in vitro, raising the possibility that short circuiting also may serve to restrict the function of host E3s in cells.
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160
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Molchanova N, Hansen PR, Damborg P, Nielsen HM, Franzyk H. Lysine-Based α-Peptide/β-Peptoid Peptidomimetics: Influence of Hydrophobicity, Fluorination, and Distribution of Cationic Charge on Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:312-318. [PMID: 28052595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Previously, α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrid oligomers were found to display activity against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the present work, the influence of hydrophobicity, fluorination, and distribution of cationic/hydrophobic residues on antimicrobial, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties of α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrids were investigated. An array of 22 peptidomimetics was tested. Analogues with enhanced hydrophobicity were found to exhibit increased activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Incorporation of fluorinated residues into the peptidomimetics conferred increased potency against Gram-positive bacteria, while hemolytic properties and activity against Gram-negative bacteria depended on the degree and type of fluorination. Generally, shorter oligomers were less potent than the corresponding longer analogues. However, some short analogues exhibited equal or higher antimicrobial activity. The alternating hydrophobic/cationic design proved superior to other distribution patterns of cationic side chains and hydrophobic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molchanova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul R Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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161
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Naik NS, Shastri LA, Joshi SD, Dixit SR, Chougala BM, Samundeeswari S, Holiyachi M, Shaikh F, Madar J, Kulkarni R, Sunagar V. 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinone-coumarin analogues as a new class of selective agent against S. aureus: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling study. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1413-1422. [PMID: 28094219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are increasingly difficult to combat as bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotic drugs and have severely compromised the arsenal of antibiotic drugs. On the other hand matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a fundamental role in inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation in physiological and pathological conditions. In search of potent antibiotic, taking coumarin and dihydropyrimidinone as lead compound, a green, eco-friendly and efficient protocol has been developed and synthesized the dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives of coumarin 3/4 from substituted 4-formylcoumarins 2 and ethylacetoacetate using urea/thiourea in the presence of catalytic amount of ceric ammonium nitrate is reported. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains by broth dilution method. The tested compounds have exhibited promising in vitro potency with low MIC values against the drug susceptive S. aureus strain with low MIC values ranging from 0.2 to 6.25μg/mL. The in vivo anti-inflammatory potency of 3a-e and 4a-e by gelatin zymography is comparable to that of tetracycline. Molecular docking study performed for all the synthesized compounds with S. aureus DNA gyrase and results obtained were quite promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala S Naik
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Lokesh A Shastri
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shrinivas D Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheshagiri R Dixit
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Bahubali M Chougala
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - S Samundeeswari
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Megharaj Holiyachi
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Farzanabi Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Madar
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Sunagar
- Department of Chemistry, G.S.S. College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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162
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Scavuzzi AML, Alves LC, Veras DL, Brayner FA, Lopes ACS. Ultrastructural changes caused by polymyxin B and meropenem in multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying bla
KPC-2 gene. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1370-1377. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra Maria Lima Scavuzzi
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), 50.732-970 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-Fiocruz), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-Fiocruz), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dyana Leal Veras
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-Fiocruz), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), 50.732-970 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-Fiocruz), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Souza Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), 50.732-970 Recife, PE, Brazil
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163
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Abstract
Eravacycline is an investigational, synthetic fluorocycline antibacterial agent that is structurally similar to tigecycline with two modifications to the D-ring of its tetracycline core: a fluorine atom replaces the dimethylamine moiety at C-7 and a pyrrolidinoacetamido group replaces the 2-tertiary-butyl glycylamido at C-9. Like other tetracyclines, eravacycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Eravacycline demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eravacycline is two- to fourfold more potent than tigecycline versus Gram-positive cocci and two- to eightfold more potent than tigecycline versus Gram-negative bacilli. Intravenous eravacycline demonstrates linear pharmacokinetics that have been described by a four-compartment model. Oral bioavailability of eravacycline is estimated at 28 % (range 26-32 %) and a single oral dose of 200 mg achieves a maximum plasma concentration (C max) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞) of 0.23 ± 0.04 mg/L and 3.34 ± 1.11 mg·h/L, respectively. A population pharmacokinetic study of intravenous (IV) eravacycline demonstrated a mean steady-state volume of distribution (V ss) of 320 L or 4.2 L/kg, a mean terminal elimination half-life (t ½) of 48 h, and a mean total clearance (CL) of 13.5 L/h. In a neutropenic murine thigh infection model, the pharmacodynamic parameter that demonstrated the best correlation with antibacterial response was the ratio of area under the plasma concentration-time curve over 24 h to the minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC0-24h/MIC). Several animal model studies including mouse systemic infection, thigh infection, lung infection, and pyelonephritis models have been published and demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of eravacycline. A phase II clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of eravacycline in the treatment of community-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) has been published as well, and phase III clinical trials in cIAI and complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) have been completed. The eravacycline phase III program, known as IGNITE (Investigating Gram-Negative Infections Treated with Eravacycline), investigated its safety and efficacy in cIAI (IGNITE 1) and cUTI (IGNITE 2). Eravacycline met the primary endpoint in IGNITE 1, while data analysis for IGNITE 2 is currently ongoing. Common adverse events reported in phase I-III studies included gastrointestinal effects such as nausea and vomiting. Eravacycline is a promising intravenous and oral fluorocycline that may offer an alternative treatment option for patients with serious infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
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164
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Cheng CY, Chang CP, Lauderdale TLY, Yu GY, Lee JC, Jhang YW, Wu CH, Ke YY, Sadani AA, Yeh CF, Huang IW, Kuo YP, Tsai DJ, Yeh TK, Tseng CT, Song JS, Liu YW, Tsou LK, Shia KS. Bromomethylthioindole Inspired Carbazole Hybrids as Promising Class of Anti-MRSA Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1191-1196. [PMID: 27994762 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Series of N-substituted carbazole analogues bearing an indole ring were synthesized as anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents from a molecular hybridization approach. The representative compound 19 showed an MIC = 1 μg/mL against a panel of MRSA clinical isolates as it possessed comparable in vitro activities to that of vancomycin. Moreover, compound 19 also exhibited MIC = 1 μg/mL activities against a recent identified Z172 MRSA strain (vancomycin-intermediate and daptomycin-nonsusceptible phenotype) and the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) strain. In a mouse model with lethal infection of MRSA (4N216), a 75% survival rate was observed after a single dose of compound 19 was intravenously administered at 20 mg/kg. In light of their equipotent activities against different MRSA isolates and VRE strain, the data underscore the importance of designed hybrid series for the development of new N-substituted carbazoles as potential anti-MRSA agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Cheng
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Ping Chang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | - Jinq-Chyi Lee
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Wun Jhang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Huang Wu
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Amit A. Sadani
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fang Yeh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Tso Tseng
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Shin Song
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lun K. Tsou
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kak-Shan Shia
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research and ‡National Institute of Infectious
Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, R.O.C
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165
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Biedenbach DJ, Hackel MA, Quintana A, Wible M, Dowzicky MJ, McGovern PC, Bouchillon SK. In vitro activity of tigecycline against molecularly characterised strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from phase 3 clinical trials and the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (TEST). J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2016; 3:311-312. [PMID: 27842883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Biedenbach
- International Health Management Associates, Inc., 2122 Palmer Drive, Schaumburg, IL 60173-3817, USA.
| | - Meredith A Hackel
- International Health Management Associates, Inc., 2122 Palmer Drive, Schaumburg, IL 60173-3817, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel K Bouchillon
- International Health Management Associates, Inc., 2122 Palmer Drive, Schaumburg, IL 60173-3817, USA
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166
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Gupta S, Laskar N, Kadouri DE. Evaluating the Effect of Oxygen Concentrations on Antibiotic Sensitivity, Growth, and Biofilm Formation of Human Pathogens. Microbiol Insights 2016; 9:37-46. [PMID: 27891050 PMCID: PMC5113855 DOI: 10.4137/mbi.s40767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests are performed in vitro under normal room oxygen conditions to predict the in vivo effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effect of different oxygen levels on the antibiotic susceptibility of two strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was found that anoxic conditions caused reduced sensitivity of bacteria to aminoglycoside antibiotics in four of six bacteria used in the study. In addition, oxygen limitation decreased the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains and K. pneumoniae strains to piperacillin/tazobactam and azithromycin, respectively. In contrast, five of six bacteria became more susceptible to tetracycline antibiotics under oxygen-limiting conditions. Our data highlight the importance of considering the potential in vivo oxygen levels within the infection site when setting susceptibility breakpoints for evaluating the therapeutic potential of a drug and its effect on antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Gupta
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nozrin Laskar
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel E Kadouri
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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167
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Dendooven T, Van den Bossche A, Hendrix H, Ceyssens PJ, Voet M, Bandyra KJ, De Maeyer M, Aertsen A, Noben JP, Hardwick SW, Luisi BF, Lavigne R. Viral interference of the bacterial RNA metabolism machinery. RNA Biol 2016; 14:6-10. [PMID: 27834591 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1251003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent publication, we reported a unique interaction between a protein encoded by the giant myovirus phiKZ and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RNA degradosome. Crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis and interactomics approaches revealed this 'degradosome interacting protein' or Dip, to adopt an 'open-claw' dimeric structure that presents acidic patches on its outer surface which hijack 2 conserved RNA binding sites on the scaffold domain of the RNase E component of the RNA degradosome. This interaction prevents substrate RNAs from being bound and degraded by the RNA degradosome during the virus infection cycle. In this commentary, we provide a perspective into the biological role of Dip, its structural analysis and its mysterious evolutionary origin, and we suggest some therapeutic and biotechnological applications of this distinctive viral protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Dendooven
- a Laboratory of Gene Technology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - An Van den Bossche
- a Laboratory of Gene Technology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,c Division of Bacterial Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Hanne Hendrix
- a Laboratory of Gene Technology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Ceyssens
- a Laboratory of Gene Technology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,c Division of Bacterial Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Marleen Voet
- a Laboratory of Gene Technology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - K J Bandyra
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Marc De Maeyer
- d Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- e Laboratory of Food Microbiology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- f Biomedical Research Institute and Transnational University Limburg, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Steven W Hardwick
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Ben F Luisi
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Rob Lavigne
- a Laboratory of Gene Technology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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168
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Antibody-free detection of infectious bacteria using quantum dots-based barcode assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 134:325-332. [PMID: 27894780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most representative bacteria causing infectious diseases. Due to the increased application of antibiotics, the bacterial resistance is growing causing severe complications. Therefore, a sensitive determination of these pathogens is crucial for effective treatment. The aim of this study was to design an effective method for multiplex detection of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae taking advantage from properties of magnetic particles as well as fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots). The method was able to detect as low concentrations of bacteria as 102 CFU/mL using the bacteria-specific genes (fnbA, mecA and wcaG).
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169
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Fernández J, Bert F, Nicolas-Chanoine MH. The challenges of multi-drug-resistance in hepatology. J Hepatol 2016; 65:1043-1054. [PMID: 27544545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global public health security problem that needs coordinated approaches at regional, national and international levels. Antibiotic overuse and the failure of control measures to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in the healthcare environment have led to an alarming increase in the number of infections caused by resistant bacteria, organisms that resist many (multi-drug and extensively drug-resistant strains), if not all (pan-drug-resistant bacteria) currently available antibiotics. While Gram-positive cocci resistance (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci) shows a heterogeneous geographical distribution, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have become pandemic worldwide and endemic in some parts of the world, respectively. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options for resistant bacteria are very limited, with very few new agents in development. Antimicrobial resistance is especially relevant in decompensated cirrhosis. Firstly, cirrhotic patients are highly susceptible to develop infections caused by resistant bacteria as risk factors of multiresistance concentrate in this population (mainly repeated hospitalizations and antibiotic exposure). Secondly, inappropriate empirical antibiotic schedules easily translate into increased morbidity (acute kidney injury, acute-on-chronic liver failure, septic shock) and hospital mortality in advanced cirrhosis. Therefore, hepatologists must face nowadays a complex clinical scenario that requires new empirical antibiotic strategies that may further spread resistance. Global, regional and local preventive measures should therefore be implemented to combat antimicrobial resistance in cirrhosis including the restriction of antibiotic prophylaxis to high-risk populations, investigation on non-antibiotic prophylaxis, stewardship programs on adequate antibiotic prescription and on increasing awareness of the problem among health professionals, and well-defined early de-escalation policies based on rapid microbiological diagnostic tests. Other infection control practices such as hand hygiene and barrier precautions are also important. Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance programs (periodic rectal and nasal swabs) should also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHED), Spain.
| | - Frédéric Bert
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France; INSERM UMR 1149, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France; INSERM UMR 1149, Université Paris 7, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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170
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Shigehisa R, Uchiyama J, Kato SI, Takemura-Uchiyama I, Yamaguchi K, Miyata R, Ujihara T, Sakaguchi Y, Okamoto N, Shimakura H, Daibata M, Sakaguchi M, Matsuzaki S. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage KPP21 belonging to family Podoviridae genus N4-like viruses isolated in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:64-7. [PMID: 26616567 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) belonging to the family Podoviridae genus N4-like viruses have been used as therapeutic agent in phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. P. aeruginosa phage KPP21 was isolated in Japan, and phylogenetically investigated the phages belonging to this viral genus. Morphological and genetic analyses confirmed that phage KPP21 belongs to the family Podoviridae genus N4-like viruses. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses based on putative DNA polymerase and major virion protein showed that P. aeruginosa phages belonging to the genus N4-like viruses are separated into two lineages and that phage KPP21 is in the same clade as phage LUZ7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Shigehisa
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa
| | | | - Iyo Takemura-Uchiyama
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa
| | - Kotoe Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi
| | - Reina Miyata
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi
| | | | - Yoshihiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa
| | - Hidekatsu Shimakura
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa
| | - Masanori Daibata
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa
| | - Shigenobu Matsuzaki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi
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171
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Hao H, Sander P, Iqbal Z, Wang Y, Cheng G, Yuan Z. The Risk of Some Veterinary Antimicrobial Agents on Public Health Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance and their Molecular Basis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1626. [PMID: 27803693 PMCID: PMC5067539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals on public health associated with antimicrobial resistance continues to be a current topic of discussion as related to animal and human public health. In the present review, resistance monitoring data, and risk assessment results of some important antimicrobial agents were cited to elucidate the possible association of antimicrobial use in food animals and antimicrobial resistance in humans. From the selected examples, it was apparent from reviewing the published scientific literature that the ban on use of some antimicrobial agents (e.g., avoparcin, fluoroquinolone, tetracyclines) did not change drug resistance patterns and did not mitigate the intended goal of minimizing antimicrobial resistance. The use of some antimicrobial agents (e.g., virginiamycin, macrolides, and cephalosporins) in food animals may have an impact on the antimicrobial resistance in humans, but it was largely depended on the pattern of drug usage in different geographical regions. The epidemiological characteristics of resistant bacteria were closely related to molecular mechanisms involved in the development, fitness, and transmission of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Hao
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Pascal Sander
- Laboratory of Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Safety Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Zahid Iqbal
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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172
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Rello J, Bunsow E, Perez A. What if there were no new antibiotics? A look at alternatives. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1547-1555. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1241141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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173
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Kong B, Joshi T, Belousoff MJ, Tor Y, Graham B, Spiccia L. Neomycin B-cyclen conjugates and their Zn(II) complexes as RNA-binding agents. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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174
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Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of macrocyclic diarylheptanoid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4070-6. [PMID: 27406794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other problematic bacterial pathogens, continue to pose a significant threat to global public health. As such, new chemotype antibacterial agents are desperately needed to fuel and strengthen the antibacterial drug discovery and development pipeline. As part of our antibacterial research program to develop natural product-inspired new antibacterial agents, here we report synthesis, antibacterial evaluation, and structure-activity relationship studies of an extended chemical library of macrocyclic diarylheptanoids with diverse amine, amide, urea, and sulfonamide functionalities. Results of this study have produced macrocyclic geranylamine and 4-fluorophenethylamine substituted derivatives, exhibiting moderate to good activity against M. tuberculosis and selected Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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175
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Michiels JE, Van den Bergh B, Verstraeten N, Fauvart M, Michiels J. In Vitro Emergence of High Persistence upon Periodic Aminoglycoside Challenge in the ESKAPE Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4630-7. [PMID: 27185802 PMCID: PMC4958152 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00757-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care-associated infections present a major threat to modern medical care. Six worrisome nosocomial pathogens-Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.-are collectively referred to as the "ESKAPE bugs." They are notorious for extensive multidrug resistance, yet persistence, or the phenotypic tolerance displayed by a variant subpopulation, remains underappreciated in these pathogens. Importantly, persistence can prevent eradication of antibiotic-sensitive bacterial populations and is thought to act as a catalyst for the development of genetic resistance. Concentration- and time-dependent aminoglycoside killing experiments were used to investigate persistence in the ESKAPE pathogens. Additionally, a recently developed method for the experimental evolution of persistence was employed to investigate adaptation to high-dose, extended-interval aminoglycoside therapy in vitro We show that ESKAPE pathogens exhibit biphasic killing kinetics, indicative of persister formation. In vitro cycling between aminoglycoside killing and persister cell regrowth, evocative of clinical high-dose extended-interval therapy, caused a 37- to 213-fold increase in persistence without the emergence of resistance. Increased persistence also manifested in biofilms and provided cross-tolerance to different clinically important antibiotics. Together, our results highlight a possible drawback of intermittent, high-dose antibiotic therapy and suggest that clinical diagnostics might benefit from taking into account persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maarten Fauvart
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies Unit, Department of Life Science Technologies, imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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176
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Kinoshita M, Kato H, Yasumoto H, Shimizu M, Hamaoka S, Naito Y, Akiyama K, Moriyama K, Sawa T. The prophylactic effects of human IgG derived from sera containing high anti-PcrV titers against pneumonia-causing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2833-2846. [PMID: 27454613 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1209280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The PcrV cap structure of the type III secretory apparatus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a vaccine target. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules extracted from sera containing high or low anti-PcrV titers were tested for their effects against P. aeruginosa pneumonia in a mouse model. Among 198 volunteers, we selected the top 10 high anti-PcrV titer sera and the bottom 10 low anti-PcrV titer sera and extracted the IgG fraction from each serum sample. First, we examined the effects of the IgG against virulent P. aeruginosa. A lethal dose of P. aeruginosa premixed with saline, low titer human IgG, high titer human IgG, or rabbit-derived polyclonal anti-PcrV IgG was intratracheally administered into the lungs of mice, and their survival and lung inflammation were evaluated for 24 h. The high anti-PcrV titer human IgG had a prophylactic effect. Next, the prophylactic effects of intravenous administration of extracted and pooled high or low anti-PcrV titer human IgG were examined. Here, prophylactic intravenous administration of pooled high anti-PcrV titer human IgG, which showed binding capacity to P. aeruginosa PcrV, was more effective than the administration of its low titer pooled equivalent, and the measured physiological and inflammatory parameters correlated with the anti-PcrV titer levels. This result indirectly implies that high anti-PcrV titers in blood can help to protect against virulent P. aeruginosa infections. In addition, the IgG fractions from such high titer sera have potential to be a source of specific intravenous immunoglobulin products for passive vaccination against virulent P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kinoshita
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hideya Kato
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasumoto
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Saeko Hamaoka
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Moriyama
- b Department of Anesthesiology , School of Medicine, Kyorin University , Mitaka , Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
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177
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Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Chan YS, Dan X, Pan W, Wang H, Guan S, Chan K, Ye X, Liu F, Xia L, Chan WY. Fungal proteinaceous compounds with multiple biological activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6601-6617. [PMID: 27338574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi comprise organisms like molds, yeasts and mushrooms. They have been used as food or medicine for a long time. A large number of fungal proteins or peptides with diverse biological activities are considered as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer agents. They encompass proteases, ribosome inactivating proteins, defensins, hemolysins, lectins, laccases, ribonucleases, immunomodulatory proteins, and polysaccharopeptides. The target of the present review is to update the status of the various bioactivities of these fungal proteins and peptides and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Ki Chan
- Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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178
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Evidence of a Substrate-Discriminating Entrance Channel in the Lower Porter Domain of the Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump AcrB. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4315-23. [PMID: 27161641 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00314-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps of the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) transporter family, such as AcrB of Escherichia coli, play an important role in the development of multidrug resistance, but the molecular basis for their substrate promiscuity is not yet completely understood. From a collection of highly clarithromycin-resistant AcrB periplasmic domain mutants derived from in vitro random mutagenesis, we identified variants with an unusually altered drug resistance pattern characterized by increased susceptibility to many drugs of lower molecular weight, including fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and oxazolidinones, but unchanged or increased resistance to drugs of higher molecular weight, including macrolides. Sequencing of 14 such "divergent resistance" phenotype mutants and 15 control mutants showed that this unusual phenotype was associated with mutations at residues I38 and I671 predominantly to phenylalanine and threonine, respectively, both conferring a similar susceptibility pattern. Reconstructed I38F and I671T single mutants as well as an engineered I38F I671T double mutant with proved efflux competence revealed an equivalent phenotype with enhanced or unchanged resistance to many large AcrB substrates but increased susceptibility to several lower-molecular-weight drugs known to bind within the distal binding pocket. The two isoleucines located in close vicinity to each other in the lower porter domain of AcrB beneath the bottom of the proximal binding pocket may be part of a preferential small-drug entrance pathway that is compromised by the mutations. This finding supports recent indications of distinct entrance channels used by compounds with different physicochemical properties, of which molecular size appears to play a prominent role.
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179
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Paulen A, Gasser V, Hoegy F, Perraud Q, Pesset B, Schalk IJ, Mislin GLA. Synthesis and antibiotic activity of oxazolidinone-catechol conjugates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:11567-79. [PMID: 26509593 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium responsible for severe infections in which resistance to most of the approved families of antibiotics is increasing. Oxazolidinone antibiotics are active against many Gram-positive bacteria, but are only weakly active against Gram-negative pathogens. We describe the synthesis of conjugates between a catechol moiety and oxazolidinone antibiotics. These conjugates were significantly more active against P. aeruginosa (218-1024 μM) than linezolid (MIC > 1024 μM), the reference molecule from the oxazolidinone family. Antibiotic activity was slightly higher in medium depleted of iron, suggesting the involvement of a bacterial iron uptake system in this biological activity. The bacterial iron uptake pathway involved in the transport is still to be addressed, but the present data excluded a contribution of the enterobactin transporter PfeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Paulen
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Véronique Gasser
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Françoise Hoegy
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Quentin Perraud
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Bénédicte Pesset
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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180
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Nicolau DP, Dimopoulos G, Welte T, Luyt CE. Can we improve clinical outcomes in patients with pneumonia treated with antibiotics in the intensive care unit? Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:907-18. [PMID: 27181707 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1190277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with high morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. However, treatment outcomes with conventional intravenous (IV) antibiotics remain suboptimal, and there is an urgent need for improved therapy options. AREAS COVERED We review how clinical outcomes in patients with pneumonia treated in the ICU could be improved; we discuss the importance of choosing appropriate outcome measures in clinical trials, highlight the current suboptimal outcomes in patients with pneumonia, and outline potential solutions. We have included key studies and papers based on our clinical expertise, therefore a systematic literature review was not conducted. Expert commentary: Reasons for poor outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU include inappropriate initial therapy, increasing bacterial resistance and the complexities of IV dosing in critically ill patients. Robust clinical trial endpoints are needed to enable an accurate assessment of the success of new treatment approaches, but progress in this field has been slow. In addition, only very few new antimicrobials are currently in development for nosocomial pneumonia; two potential alternative solutions to improve outcomes could therefore include the optimization of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) and dosing of existing therapies, and the refinement of antimicrobial delivery by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Nicolau
- a Center for Anti-infective Research and Development , Hartford Hospital , Hartford , CT , USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- b Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Tobias Welte
- c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- d Service de Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie , Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris , France.,e UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition , Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
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181
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Scerbo MH, Kaplan HB, Dua A, Litwin DB, Ambrose CG, Moore LJ, Murray COLCK, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Beyond Blood Culture and Gram Stain Analysis: A Review of Molecular Techniques for the Early Detection of Bacteremia in Surgical Patients. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2016; 17:294-302. [PMID: 26918696 PMCID: PMC5118953 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2015.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis from bacteremia occurs in 250,000 cases annually in the United States, has a mortality rate as high as 60%, and is associated with a poorer prognosis than localized infection. Because of these high figures, empiric antibiotic administration for patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and suspected infection is the second most common indication for antibiotic administration in intensive care units (ICU)s. However, overuse of empiric antibiotics contributes to the development of opportunistic infections, antibiotic resistance, and the increase in multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains. The current method of diagnosing and ruling out bacteremia is via blood culture (BC) and Gram stain (GS) analysis. METHODS Conventional and molecular methods for diagnosing bacteremia were reviewed and compared. The clinical implications, use, and current clinical trials of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods to detect bacterial pathogens in the blood stream were detailed. RESULTS BC/GS has several disadvantages. These include: some bacteria do not grow in culture media; others do not GS appropriately; and cultures can require up to 5 d to guide or discontinue antibiotic treatment. PCR-based methods can be potentially applied to detect rapidly, accurately, and directly microbes in human blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the conventional BC/GS, particular advantages to molecular methods (specifically, PCR-based methods) include faster results, leading to possible improved antibiotic stewardship when bacteremia is not present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H. Scerbo
- The Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heidi B. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anahita Dua
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas B. Litwin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Catherine G. Ambrose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura J. Moore
- The Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - COL Clinton K. Murray
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Charles E. Wade
- The Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John B. Holcomb
- The Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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182
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Putative histidine kinase inhibitors with antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates identified by in vitro and in silico screens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26085. [PMID: 27173778 PMCID: PMC4865847 DOI: 10.1038/srep26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antibacterials are urgently needed to address the growing problem of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Two-component systems (TCS) are widely used by bacteria to regulate gene expression in response to various environmental stimuli and physiological stress and have been previously proposed as promising antibacterial targets. TCS consist of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and an effector response regulator. The HK component contains a highly conserved ATP-binding site that is considered to be a promising target for broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. Here, we describe the identification of putative HK autophosphorylation inhibitors following two independent experimental approaches: in vitro fragment-based screen via differential scanning fluorimetry and in silico structure-based screening, each followed up by the exploration of analogue compounds as identified by ligand-based similarity searches. Nine of the tested compounds showed antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of bacterial pathogens and include three novel scaffolds, which have not been explored so far in other antibacterial compounds. Overall, putative HK autophosphorylation inhibitors were found that together provide a promising starting point for further optimization as antibacterials.
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183
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Borselli D, Lieutaud A, Thefenne H, Garnotel E, Pagès JM, Brunel JM, Bolla JM. Polyamino-Isoprenic Derivatives Block Intrinsic Resistance of P. aeruginosa to Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154490. [PMID: 27152508 PMCID: PMC4859512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria have been a worldwide concern for decades. Though new molecules that effectively target Gram-positive bacteria are currently appearing on the market, a gap remains in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, new strategies must be developed against these pathogens. The aim of this study was to select an antibiotic for which a bacterium is naturally resistant and to use an escort molecule to restore susceptibility, similarly to the model of β-lactam/ β-lactamase inhibitors. High-content screening was performed on the reference strain PA01, allowing the selection of four polyamino-isoprenic compounds that acted synergistically with doxycycline. They were assayed against clinical isolates and Multi-Drug-Resistant strains. One of these compounds was able to decrease the MIC of doxycycline on the reference strain, efflux pump overproducers and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, to the susceptibility level. Similar results were obtained using chloramphenicol as the antibiotic. Membrane permeation assays and real-time efflux experiments were used to characterize the mechanism of doxycycline potentiation. The results showed that the selected compound strongly decreases the efficiency of glucose-triggered efflux associated with a slight destabilization of the outer membrane. According to these data, targeting natural resistance may become an interesting way to combat MDR pathogens and could represent an alternative to already devised strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Borselli
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, TMCD2 UMR-MD1, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Lieutaud
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, TMCD2 UMR-MD1, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Thefenne
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, TMCD2 UMR-MD1, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Alphonse-Laveran, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Garnotel
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, TMCD2 UMR-MD1, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Alphonse-Laveran, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, TMCD2 UMR-MD1, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Michel Brunel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Inserm, U1068, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Bolla
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, TMCD2 UMR-MD1, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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184
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Bouley R, Ding D, Peng Z, Bastian M, Lastochkin E, Song W, Suckow MA, Schroeder VA, Wolter WR, Mobashery S, Chang M. Structure-Activity Relationship for the 4(3H)-Quinazolinone Antibacterials. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5011-21. [PMID: 27088777 PMCID: PMC4885108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We recently reported on the discovery
of a novel antibacterial
(2) with a 4(3H)-quinazolinone core.
This discovery was made by in silico screening of 1.2 million compounds
for binding to a penicillin-binding protein and the subsequent demonstration
of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The first structure–activity relationship for this antibacterial
scaffold is explored in this report with evaluation of 77 variants
of the structural class. Eleven promising compounds were further evaluated
for in vitro toxicity, pharmacokinetics,
and efficacy in a mouse peritonitis model of infection, which led
to the discovery of compound 27. This new quinazolinone
has potent activity against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains,
low clearance, oral bioavailability and shows efficacy in a mouse
neutropenic thigh infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Bouley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Derong Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zhihong Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Maria Bastian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Elena Lastochkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Valerie A Schroeder
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William R Wolter
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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185
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Barbour PM, Wang W, Chang L, Pickard KL, Rais R, Slusher BS, Wang X. Property-Guided Synthesis of Aza-Tricyclic Indolines: Development of Gold Catalysis En Route. Adv Synth Catal 2016; 358:1482-1490. [PMID: 28360827 PMCID: PMC5367856 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health threat that needs to be addressed by improved antibiotic stewardship and continuing development of new chemical entities to treat resistant bacterial infections. Compounds that work alongside known antibiotics as combination therapies offer an efficient and sustainable approach to counteract antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Guided by property-based analysis, a series of aza-tricyclic indolines (ATIs) were synthesized to optimize their physiochemical properties as novel combination therapies with β-lactams to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. A novel and highly efficient gold-catalyzed tandem cyclization was developed to facilitate the synthesis of these ATIs. One guanidine-containing ATI was discovered to possess both improved anti-MRSA activity and lower mammalian toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it also showed significantly enhanced aqueous solubility and metabolic stability. These results indicated that the ATIs are a novel class of anti-MRSA agents suitable for further evaluations as adjuvant therapy in animal model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Le Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kasey L. Pickard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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186
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Javani S, Lorca R, Latorre A, Flors C, Cortajarena AL, Somoza Á. Antibacterial Activity of DNA-Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters Tuned by Oligonucleotide Sequence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10147-10154. [PMID: 27058628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) stabilized by DNA are promising materials with tunable fluorescent properties, which have been employed in a plethora of sensing systems. In this report, we explore their antimicrobial properties in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. After testing 9 oligonucleotides with different sequence and length, we found that the antibacterial activity depends on the sequence of the oligonucleotide employed. The sequences tested yielded fluorescent AgNCs, which can be grouped in blue, yellow, and red emitters. Interestingly, blue emitters yielded poor antibacterial activity, whereas yellow and red emitters afforded an activity similar to silver nitrate. Furthermore, structural studies using circular dichroism indicate the formation of complexes with different stability and structure, which might be one of the factors that modulate their activity. Finally, we prepared a trimeric structure containing the sequence that afforded the best antimicrobial activity, which inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and negative bacteria in the submicromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Javani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), & Nanobiotecnología (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Romina Lorca
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), & Nanobiotecnología (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Latorre
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), & Nanobiotecnología (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Flors
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), & Nanobiotecnología (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), & Nanobiotecnología (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), & Nanobiotecnología (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
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187
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Wolf D, Mascher T. The applied side of antimicrobial peptide-inducible promoters from Firmicutes bacteria: expression systems and whole-cell biosensors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4817-29. [PMID: 27102123 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cell envelope is an essential bacterial structure that consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and-in Gram-negative bacteria-the outer membrane. Because of its crucial functions, it represents a prime antibiotic target. Monitoring and maintaining its integrity are therefore keys to survival, especially in competitive environments where antibiotics represent one means of suppressing the growth of competitors. Resistance against external antibiotic threat, as well as auto-immunity against self-produced antibiotics, is often mediated by two-component systems (2CSs). They respond to antibiotic threat by inducing gene expression that results in the production of specific resistance determinants. The underlying transcriptional control is exhibited at the level of specific target promoters, which usually share a number of relevant features: They are tightly controlled and only induced in the presence of specific (sets of) antibiotics. This induction is dose dependent and often very sensitive, that is, it occurs well below inhibitory antibiotic concentrations. Because of these characteristics, a number of well-characterized cell envelope stress-inducible promoters have been developed for two different applied purposes: first, as whole-cell biosensors for antibiotic detection and mechanism-of-action studies, and second, as antibiotic-inducible expression systems for biotechnological purposes. The current state of research in both fields will be discussed in this review, focusing on 2CS-regulated promoters from Firmicutes bacteria that are induced to mediate resistance against antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) targeting the cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wolf
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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188
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Meeker DG, Jenkins SV, Miller EK, Beenken KE, Loughran AJ, Powless A, Muldoon TJ, Galanzha EI, Zharov VP, Smeltzer MS, Chen J. Synergistic Photothermal and Antibiotic Killing of Biofilm-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Targeted Antibiotic-Loaded Gold Nanoconstructs. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:241-250. [PMID: 27441208 PMCID: PMC4945994 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to conventional antibiotics is a growing public health concern that is quickly outpacing the development of new antibiotics. This has led the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) to designate Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species as "ESKAPE pathogens" on the basis of the rapidly decreasing availability of useful antibiotics. This emphasizes the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies to combat infections caused by these and other bacterial pathogens. In this study, we used Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as a proof-of-principle ESKAPE pathogen to demonstrate that an appropriate antibiotic (daptomycin) can be incorporated into polydopamine-coated gold nanocages (AuNC@PDA) and that daptomycin-loaded AuNC@PDA can be conjugated to antibodies targeting a species-specific surface protein (staphylococcal protein A; Spa) as a means of achieving selective delivery of the nanoconstructs directly to the bacterial cell surface. Targeting specificity was confirmed by demonstrating a lack of binding to mammalian cells, reduced photothermal and antibiotic killing of the Spa-negative species Staphylococcus epidermidis, and reduced killing of S. aureus in the presence of unconjugated anti-Spa antibodies. We demonstrate that laser irradiation at levels within the current safety standard for use in humans can be used to achieve both a lethal photothermal effect and controlled release of the antibiotic, thus resulting in a degree of therapeutic synergy capable of eradicating viable S. aureus cells. The system was validated using planktonic bacterial cultures of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains and subsequently shown to be effective in the context of an established biofilm, thus indicating that this approach could be used to facilitate the effective treatment of intrinsically resistant biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Meeker
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Samir V. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Emily K. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Karen E. Beenken
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Allister J. Loughran
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Amy Powless
- Department of
Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of
Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Mark S. Smeltzer
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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189
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XerC Contributes to Diverse Forms of Staphylococcus aureus Infection via agr-Dependent and agr-Independent Pathways. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1214-1225. [PMID: 26857575 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01462-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that mutation of xerC, which reportedly encodes a homologue of an Escherichia coli recombinase, limits biofilm formation in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain LAC and the methicillin-sensitive strain UAMS-1. This was not due to the decreased production of the polysaccharide intracellular adhesin (PIA) in either strain because the amount of PIA was increased in a UAMS-1xerC mutant and undetectable in both LAC and its isogenic xerC mutant. Mutation of xerC also resulted in the increased production of extracellular proteases and nucleases in both LAC and UAMS-1, and limiting the production of either class of enzymes increased biofilm formation in the isogenic xerC mutants. More importantly, the limited capacity to form a biofilm was correlated with increased antibiotic susceptibility in both strains in the context of an established biofilm in vivo. Mutation of xerC also attenuated virulence in a murine bacteremia model, as assessed on the basis of the bacterial loads in internal organs and overall lethality. It also resulted in the decreased accumulation of alpha toxin and the increased accumulation of protein A. These findings suggest that xerC may impact the functional status of agr. This was confirmed by demonstrating the reduced accumulation of RNAIII and AgrA in LAC and UAMS-1xerC mutants. However, this cannot account for the biofilm-deficient phenotype of xerC mutants because mutation of agr did not limit biofilm formation in either strain. These results demonstrate that xerC contributes to biofilm-associated infections and acute bacteremia and that this is likely due to agr-independent and -dependent pathways, respectively.
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190
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Tandon VR, Sharma S, Khajuria V, Mahajan V, Gillani Z. Adverse drug reactions profile of antimicrobials: A 3-year experience, from a tertiary care teaching hospital of India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:393-400. [PMID: 26068342 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.158564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY To evaluate adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of antimicrobials over 3-year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken using suspected adverse drug data collection form available under Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI). RESULTS A total of 2,586 ADR events were recorded in 3 years, out of which 392 (15.15%) were because of antimicrobials. Male: female was 1.02:1. Medicine department contributed maximally (98.97%). The intravenous (IV) route of drug administration accounted maximum ADRs (53.32%), followed by oral route (45.41%). Monotherapy was responsible for 80.87%, whereas combination therapy for 19.13%. Combinations therapy was irrational in 79.67%. The most common antibiotic resulting in ADRs was injection ceftriaxone (35.71%), followed by tab. azithromycin (7.39%), tab. ofloxacin+ornidazol (5.35%), ofloxacin (3.57%), ciprofloxacin (2.29%), amoxicillin (2.55%), tab. cefixime (2.29%), inj. linezolid (2.04%). Rash remained the most common ADR, followed by diarrhoea and gastritis. Most common organ system involved was dermatological (47.44%), followed by gastrointestinal (GI) (39.28%), central nervous system (CNS) (5.35%), cardiovascular system (CVS) (3.57%) and renal and genitourinary (1.78%). While 47.96% ADR's were latent, 26.785% were acute and 25.26% were sub-acute. Moreover, 89.79% of ADRs were moderate in nature, whereas 26.88% were severe and 3.33% mild in nature. Furthermore, 92.86% were non-serious and 7.14% serious in nature. Also, 65.06% of antimicrobial caused ADRs were type A and 34.64% were type B reactions. As per World Health Organization-The Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) scale, 73.98% of ADRs were probable/likely and 26.02% as possible. However, 99.47% of ADRs required intervention. CONCLUSION The current study suggest that ADRs due to antimicrobials is a significant health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Arni University, Indora, Himachal Pradesh, India
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191
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Hoffknecht BC, Prochnow P, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Influence of metallocene substitution on the antibacterial activity of multivalent peptide conjugates. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:246-9. [PMID: 26988572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptide dendrimers and derivatisation of peptides with metallocenes showed promising results in the search for new antibacterial agents. The two concepts are combined in this work leading to multivalent, metallocene-containing peptide derivates. These new peptides were synthesised utilising microwave assisted, copper(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC, "click" chemistry). Twelve new peptide conjugates, containing either a ferrocenoyl group or a ruthenocenoyl group on so-called ultrashort (i.e. < 5 amino acids) peptides, and ranging from monovalent to trivalent conjugates, were synthesised and their antibacterial activity was investigated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays on five different bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity was compared to the same peptide conjugates without metallocenes. The resulting MIC values showed a significant enhancement of the antibacterial activity of these peptide conjugates against Gram-positive bacteria by the metallocenoyl groups. Additionally, the compounds with two metallocenoyl groups presented the best antibacterial activities overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Hoffknecht
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Prochnow
- Faculty of Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E Bandow
- Faculty of Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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192
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Amin AN, Deruelle D. Healthcare-associated infections, infection control and the potential of new antibiotics in development in the USA. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:1049-62. [PMID: 26059625 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are a significant burden on the US healthcare system. This problem has been further compounded by the recent decline in the development of new antibiotics targeting Gram-negative organisms. US healthcare agencies have been working to limit the occurrence of HAIs by several means, including surveillance systems, prevention practices, antimicrobial stewardship policies and financial incentives. Furthermore, efforts have been made to resume the development of antibiotics in the USA, with the US FDA and US government both implementing acts to boost the number of antibiotics in the clinical pipeline. This review discusses the policies instigated by the US government, including healthcare agencies and the FDA, and describes new antibiotics in development against HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpesh N Amin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Dennis Deruelle
- IPC Healthcare, 4605 Lankershim Blvd, Ste 617, North Hollywood, CA 91602, USA
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193
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Wagner S, Sommer R, Hinsberger S, Lu C, Hartmann RW, Empting M, Titz A. Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5929-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Hinsberger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cenbin Lu
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Drug
Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical
Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 30625 Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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194
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Ghosh C, Manjunath GB, Konai MM, Uppu DSSM, Paramanandham K, Shome BR, Ravikumar R, Haldar J. Aryl-alkyl-lysines: Membrane-Active Small Molecules Active against Murine Model of Burn Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:111-22. [PMID: 27624962 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens continue to be significant contributors to human morbidity. The recent advent of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) producing pathogens, against which few drugs remain active, has aggravated the problem even further. This paper shows that aryl-alkyl-lysines, membrane-active small molecules, are effective in treating infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens. One of the compounds of the study was effective in killing planktonic cells as well as dispersing biofilms of Gram-negative pathogens. The compound was extremely effective in disrupting preformed biofilms and did not select resistant bacteria in multiple passages. The compound retained activity in different physiological conditions and did not induce any toxic effect in female Balb/c mice until concentrations of 17.5 mg/kg. In a murine model of Acinetobacter baumannii burn infection, the compound was able to bring the bacterial burden down significantly upon topical application for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandradhish Ghosh
- Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Goutham B. Manjunath
- Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohini M. Konai
- Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakara S. S. M. Uppu
- Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Paramanandham
- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Bibek R. Shome
- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Ravikumar
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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195
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The Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin Resistance Factor FmtA Is a d-Amino Esterase That Acts on Teichoic Acids. mBio 2016; 7:e02070-15. [PMID: 26861022 PMCID: PMC4752606 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02070-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The methicillin resistance factor encoded by fmtA is a core member of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall stimulon, but its function has remained elusive for the past two decades. First identified as a factor that affects methicillin resistance in S. aureus strains, FmtA was later shown to interact with teichoic acids and to localize to the cell division septum. We have made a breakthrough in understanding FmtA function. We show that FmtA hydrolyzes the ester bond between d-Ala and the backbone of teichoic acids, which are polyglycerol-phosphate or polyribitol-phosphate polymers found in the S. aureus cell envelope. FmtA contains two conserved motifs found in serine active-site penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and β-lactamases. The conserved SXXK motif was found to be important for the d-amino esterase activity of FmtA. Moreover, we show that deletion of fmtA (ΔfmtA) led to higher levels of d-Ala in teichoic acids, and this effect was reversed by complementation of ΔfmtA with fmtA. The positive charge on d-Ala partially masks the negative charge of the polyol-phosphate backbone of teichoic acids; hence, a change in the d-Ala content will result in modulation of their charge. Cell division, biofilm formation, autolysis, and colonization are among the many processes in S. aureus affected by the d-Ala content and overall charge of the cell surface teichoic acids. The esterase activity of FmtA and the regulation of fmtA suggest that FmtA functions as a modulator of teichoic acid charge, thus FmtA may be involved in S. aureus cell division, biofilm formation, autolysis, and colonization. IMPORTANCE Teichoic acids are involved in cell division, cell wall synthesis, biofilm formation, attachment of bacteria to artificial surfaces, and colonization. However, the function of teichoic acids is not fully understood. Modification by glycosylation and/or d-alanylation of the polyol-phosphate backbone of teichoic acids is important in the above cell processes. The intrinsic negative charge of teichoic acid backbone plays a role in the charge and/or pH of the bacterial surface, and d-alanylation represents a means through which bacteria modulate the charge or the pH of their surfaces. We discovered that FmtA removes d-Ala from teichoic acids. We propose FmtA may provide a temporal and spatial regulation of the bacterial cell surface charge in two ways, by removing the d-Ala from LTA to make it available to wall teichoic acid (WTA) in response to certain conditions and by removing it from WTA to allow the cell to reset its surface charge to a previous condition.
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196
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Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Kasas S, Longo G. Nanotools and molecular techniques to rapidly identify and fight bacterial infections. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 138:72-81. [PMID: 26806415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is one of the major healthcare issues of our century. In addition to the increased mortality, infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria drastically enhance the healthcare costs, mainly because of the longer duration of illness and treatment. While in the last 20years, bacterial identification has been revolutionized by the introduction of new molecular techniques, the current phenotypic techniques to determine the susceptibilities of common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria require at least two days from collection of clinical samples. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new technologies to determine rapidly drug susceptibility in bacteria and to achieve faster diagnoses. These techniques would also lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the insurgence of the resistance, greatly helping the quest for new antibacterial systems and drugs. In this review, we describe some of the tools most currently used in clinical and microbiological research to study bacteria and to address the challenge of infections. We discuss the most interesting advancements in the molecular susceptibility testing systems, with a particular focus on the many applications of the MALDI-TOF MS system. In the field of the phenotypic characterization protocols, we detail some of the most promising semi-automated commercial systems and we focus on some emerging developments in the field of nanomechanical sensors, which constitute a step towards the development of rapid and affordable point-of-care testing devices and techniques. While there is still no innovative technique that is capable of completely substituting for the conventional protocols and clinical practices, many exciting new experimental setups and tools could constitute the basis of the standard testing package of future microbiological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - M Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - S Kasas
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Lausanne, Switzerland; Département des Neurosciences Fondamentales, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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197
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Ramírez-Estrada S, Borgatta B, Rello J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia management. Infect Drug Resist 2016; 9:7-18. [PMID: 26855594 PMCID: PMC4725638 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s50669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common infection in intensive care unit patients associated with high morbidity rates and elevated economic costs; Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequent bacteria linked with this entity, with a high attributable mortality despite adequate treatment that is increased in the presence of multiresistant strains, a situation that is becoming more common in intensive care units. In this manuscript, we review the current management of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to P. aeruginosa, the most recent antipseudomonal agents, and new adjunctive therapies that are shifting the way we treat these infections. We support early initiation of broad-spectrum antipseudomonal antibiotics in present, followed by culture-guided monotherapy de-escalation when susceptibilities are available. Future management should be directed at blocking virulence; the role of alternative strategies such as new antibiotics, nebulized treatments, and vaccines is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Borgatta
- Critical Care Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CRIPS, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rello
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedad Respiratoria – CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
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198
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Encouraging Antibiotic Development and Endorsing Conservation: Tandem Approaches to Our Declining Antibiotic Reserves. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016; 37:366-7. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2015.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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199
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Targeting bacterial topoisomerase I to meet the challenge of finding new antibiotics. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:459-71. [PMID: 25875873 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of bacterial pathogens to current antibiotics has grown to be an urgent crisis. Approaches to overcome this challenge include identification of novel targets for discovery of new antibiotics. Bacterial topoisomerase I is present in all bacterial pathogens as a potential target for bactericidal topoisomerase poison inhibitors. Recent efforts have identified inhibitors of bacterial topoisomerase I with antibacterial activity. Additional research on the mode of action and binding site of these inhibitors would provide further validation of the target and establish that bacterial topoisomerase I is druggable. Bacterial topoisomerase I is a potentially high value target for discovery of new antibiotics. Demonstration of topoisomerase I as the cellular target of an antibacterial compound would provide proof-of-concept validation.
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200
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Wiglusz RJ, Drulis-Kawa Z, Pazik R, Zawisza K, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Roszkowiak J, Nedelec JM. Multifunctional lanthanide and silver ion co-doped nano-chlorapatites with combined spectroscopic and antimicrobial properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:6918-25. [PMID: 25777982 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline chlorapatites (Ca10(PO4)6Cl2) doped with lanthanide ions (Eu(3+), Er(3+) and Yb(3+)) and co-doped with silver ions (Ag(+)) were synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis route. XRD, TEM, and SAED measurements indicated that the powders are single phased and crystallize with a hexagonal structure with good dispersion. The results showed well crystallized chlorapatite grains with a diameter of about 45 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and ATCC 27853 was studied. The best activity was observed for the Eu(3+),Ag(+):Ca10(PO4)6Cl2 and Eu(3+),Ag(+),Yb(3+):Ca10(PO4)6Cl2 compositions. These multifunctional nanocrystalline powders could be used as a promising antimicrobial agent and material for bio-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland.
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