151
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Time–Frequency Cross Mutual Information Analysis of the Brain Functional Networks Underlying Multiclass Motor Imagery. J Mot Behav 2017; 50:254-267. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2017.1327417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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152
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Dana A, Gozalzadeh E. Internal and External Imagery Effects on Tennis Skills Among Novices. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 124:1022-1043. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512517719611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of internal and external visual imagery perspectives on performance accuracy of open and closed tennis skills (i.e., serve, forehand, and backhand) among novices. Thirty-six young male novices, aged 15–18 years, from a summer tennis program participated. Following initial skill acquisition (12 sessions), baseline assessments of imagery ability and imagery perspective preference were used to assign participants to one of three groups: internal imagery ( n = 12), external imagery ( n = 12), or a no-imagery (mental math exercise) control group ( n = 12). The experimental interventions of 15 minutes of mental imagery (internal or external) or mental math exercises followed by 15 minutes of physical practice were held three times a week for six weeks. The performance accuracy of the groups on the serve, forehand, and backhand strokes was measured at pre- and post-test using videotaping. Results showed significant increases in the performance accuracy of all three tennis strokes in all three groups, but serve accuracy in the internal imagery group and forehand accuracy in the external imagery group showed greater improvements, while backhand accuracy was similarly improved in all three groups. These findings highlight differential efficacy of internal and external visual imagery for performance improvement on complex sport skills in early stage motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dana
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Gozalzadeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
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153
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Adams ILJ, Smits-Engelsman B, Lust JM, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B. Feasibility of Motor Imagery Training for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder - A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1271. [PMID: 28798707 PMCID: PMC5526967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) experience movement difficulties that may be linked to processes involved in motor imagery (MI). This paper discusses recent advances in theory that underpin the use of MI training for children with DCD. This knowledge is translated in a new MI training protocol which is compared with the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP). Children meeting DSM-5 criteria for DCD were assigned to MI (n = 4) or CO-OP (n = 4) interventions and completed nine treatment sessions, including homework exercises. Results were positive, with two children in the MI group and three in the CO-OP group improving their m-ABC-2 score by ≥ 2 standard scores, interpreted as a clinically meaningful change. Moreover, all children and parents noticed improvements in motor skills after training. This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of a theoretically principled treatment protocol for MI training in children with DCD, and extends earlier work. Trial registration: The complete trial is registered at the Dutch trial register, www.trialregister.nl (NTR5471). http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5471
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke L J Adams
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica M Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter H Wilson
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, MelbourneVIC, Australia.,Centre for Disability and Development Research, Australian Catholic University, MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands.,School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, MelbourneVIC, Australia.,Centre for Disability and Development Research, Australian Catholic University, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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154
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Neurophysiological insights on flexibility improvements through motor imagery. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:159-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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155
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Wriessnegger SC, Kirchmeyr D, Bauernfeind G, Müller-Putz GR. Force related hemodynamic responses during execution and imagery of a hand grip task: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Cogn 2017; 117:108-116. [PMID: 28673464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examined force related hemodynamic changes during the performance of a motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) task by means of multichannel functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The hemodynamic responses of fourteen healthy participants were measured while they performed a hand grip execution or imagery task with low and high grip forces. We found an overall higher increase of [oxy-Hb] concentration changes during ME for both grip forces but with a delayed peak maximum for the lower grip force. During the MI task with lower grip force, the [oxy-Hb] level increases are stronger compared to the MI with higher grip force. The facilitation in performing MI with higher grip strength might thus indicate less inhibition of the actual motor act which could also explain the later increase onset of [oxy-Hb] in the ME task with the lower grip force. Our results suggest that execution and imagery of a hand grip task with high and low grip forces, leads to different cortical activation patterns. Since impaired control of grip forces during object manipulation in particular is one aspect of fine motor control deficits after stroke, our study will contribute to future rehabilitation programs enhancing patient's grip force control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina C Wriessnegger
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniela Kirchmeyr
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Günther Bauernfeind
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover, Germany
| | - Gernot R Müller-Putz
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
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156
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Kurzynski M, Jaskolska A, Marusiak J, Wolczowski A, Bierut P, Szumowski L, Witkowski J, Kisiel-Sajewicz K. Computer-aided training sensorimotor cortex functions in humans before the upper limb transplantation using virtual reality and sensory feedback. Comput Biol Med 2017. [PMID: 28641235 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest problems of upper limb transplantation is lack of certainty as to whether a patient will be able to control voluntary movements of transplanted hands. Based on findings of the recent research on brain cortex plasticity, a premise can be drawn that mental training supported with visual and sensory feedback can cause structural and functional reorganization of the sensorimotor cortex, which leads to recovery of function associated with the control of movements performed by the upper limbs. In this study, authors - based on the above observations - propose the computer-aided training (CAT) system, which generating visual and sensory stimuli, should enhance the effectiveness of mental training applied to humans before upper limb transplantation. The basis for the concept of computer-aided training system is a virtual hand whose reaching and grasping movements the trained patient can observe on the VR headset screen (visual feedback) and whose contact with virtual objects the patient can feel as a touch (sensory feedback). The computer training system is composed of three main components: (1) the system generating 3D virtual world in which the patient sees the virtual limb from the perspective as if it were his/her own hand; (2) sensory feedback transforming information about the interaction of the virtual hand with the grasped object into mechanical vibration; (3) the therapist's panel for controlling the training course. Results of the case study demonstrate that mental training supported with visual and sensory stimuli generated by the computer system leads to a beneficial change of the brain activity related to motor control of the reaching in the patient with bilateral upper limb congenital transverse deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kurzynski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Jaskolska
- University School of Physical Education, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Department of Kinesiology, ul. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Marusiak
- University School of Physical Education, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Department of Kinesiology, ul. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wolczowski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Department of Cybernetics and Robotics, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Bierut
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szumowski
- University School of Physical Education, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Department of Kinesiology, ul. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Witkowski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Department of Cybernetics and Robotics, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kisiel-Sajewicz
- University School of Physical Education, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Department of Kinesiology, ul. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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157
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The action-specific effect of execution on imagination of reciprocal aiming movements. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 54:51-62. [PMID: 28395146 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Past research has shown that the movement times of imagined aiming movements were more similar to actual movement times after the individual has experienced executing the movements. The purpose of the present study was to determine if experience with a set of movements altered the imagination of movements that were not experienced. Participants imagined a series of reciprocal aiming movements in different movement difficulty contexts (created by altering target width and movement amplitude) before and after actually executing a series of aiming movements. The range of difficulties of the imagined movements included difficulty contexts that were within (Experiment 1) or outside (Experiment 2) the range of difficulty experienced during execution. It was found that imagined movement times of movements within the range of movement difficulties experienced were more consistent with Fitts' Law after movement experience, whereas imagination of more difficult movements was not altered by experience. It is suggested that execution did not enhance imagination of more difficult movements because the relative contributions of motor planning and control to the more difficult movements were different from those in the experienced movements. Thus, the enhancement of imagination through experience might only occur when mechanisms underlying the executed and imagined movements are similar.
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158
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Saruco E, Di Rienzo F, Nunez-Nagy S, Rubio-Gonzalez MA, Jackson PL, Collet C, Saimpont A, Guillot A. Anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex improves motor imagery benefits on postural control: A pilot study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:480. [PMID: 28352100 PMCID: PMC5428691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing everyday actions requires fine postural control, which is a major focus of functional rehabilitation programs. Among the various range of training methods likely to improve balance and postural stability, motor imagery practice (MIP) yielded promising results. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex was also found to potentiate the benefits of MIP on upper-limb motor tasks. Yet, combining both techniques has not been tested for tasks requiring fine postural control. To determine the impact of MIP and the additional effects of tDCS, 14 participants performed a postural control task before and after two experimental (MIP + anodal or sham tDCS over the primary motor cortex) and one control (control task + sham tDCS) conditions, in a double blind randomized study. Data revealed a significant decrease of the time required to perform the postural task. Greater performance gains were recorded when MIP was paired with anodal tDCS and when the task involved the most complex postural adjustments. Altogether, findings highlight short-term effects of MIP on postural control and suggest that combining MIP with tDCS might also be effective in rehabilitation programs for regaining postural skills in easily fatigable persons and neurologic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Saruco
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Susana Nunez-Nagy
- Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad de Fisioterapia. Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid Barcelona, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Departamento Automática e Informática, Paseo Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip L Jackson
- Université Laval, École de Psychologie, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Collet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Saimpont
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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159
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Scott M, Taylor S, Chesterton P, Vogt S, Eaves DL. Motor imagery during action observation increases eccentric hamstring force: an acute non-physical intervention. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:1443-1451. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scott
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Chesterton
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lloyd Eaves
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
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160
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Yiasemidou M, Glassman D, Mushtaq F, Athanasiou C, Williams MM, Jayne D, Miskovic D. Mental practice with interactive 3D visual aids enhances surgical performance. Surg Endosc 2017; 31:4111-4117. [PMID: 28283764 PMCID: PMC5636856 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that Mental Practice (MP) could be used to finesse surgical skills. However, MP is cognitively demanding and may be dependent on the ability of individuals to produce mental images. In this study, we hypothesised that the provision of interactive 3D visual aids during MP could facilitate surgical skill performance. METHODS 20 surgical trainees were case-matched to one of three different preparation methods prior to performing a simulated Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC). Two intervention groups underwent a 25-minute MP session; one with interactive 3D visual aids depicting the relevant surgical anatomy (3D-MP group, n = 5) and one without (MP-Only, n = 5). A control group (n = 10) watched a didactic video of a real LC. Scores relating to technical performance and safety were recorded by a surgical simulator. RESULTS The Control group took longer to complete the procedure relative to the 3D&MP condition (p = .002). The number of movements was also statistically different across groups (p = .001), with the 3D&MP group making fewer movements relative to controls (p = .001). Likewise, the control group moved further in comparison to the 3D&MP condition and the MP-Only condition (p = .004). No reliable differences were observed for safety metrics. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence for the potential value of MP in improving performance. Furthermore, they suggest that 3D interactive visual aids during MP could potentially enhance performance, beyond the benefits of MP alone. These findings pave the way for future RCTs on surgical preparation and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yiasemidou
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Clinical Science Building, Beckett street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Daniel Glassman
- School of Surgery, Health Education Yorkshire and the Humber, University of Leeds, Willow Terrace Road, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Faisal Mushtaq
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christos Athanasiou
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Clinical Science Building, Beckett street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Mark-Mon Williams
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David Jayne
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Clinical Science Building, Beckett street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Danilo Miskovic
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Clinical Science Building, Beckett street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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161
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O'Shea H, Moran A. Does Motor Simulation Theory Explain the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Motor Imagery? A Critical Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:72. [PMID: 28261079 PMCID: PMC5313484 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor simulation theory (MST; Jeannerod, 2001) purports to explain how various action-related cognitive states relate to actual motor execution. Specifically, it proposes that motor imagery (MI; imagining an action without executing the movements involved) shares certain mental representations and mechanisms with action execution, and hence, activates similar neural pathways to those elicited during the latter process. Furthermore, MST postulates that MI works by rehearsing neural motor systems off-line via a hypothetical simulation process. In this paper, we review evidence cited in support of MST and evaluate its efficacy in understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying MI. In doing so, we delineate the precise postulates of simulation theory and clarify relevant terminology. Based on our cognitive-level analysis, we argue firstly that the psychological mechanisms underlying MI are poorly understood and require additional conceptual and empirical analysis. In addition, we identify a number of potentially fruitful lines of inquiry for future investigators of MST and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O'Shea
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan Moran
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
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162
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Sobierajewicz J, Szarkiewicz S, Przekoracka-Krawczyk A, Jaśkowski W, van der Lubbe R. To What Extent Can Motor Imagery Replace Motor Execution While Learning a Fine Motor Skill? Adv Cogn Psychol 2016; 12:179-192. [PMID: 28154614 PMCID: PMC5280057 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery is generally thought to share common mechanisms with motor execution. In the present study, we examined to what extent learning a fine motor skill by motor imagery may substitute physical practice. Learning effects were assessed by manipulating the proportion of motor execution and motor imagery trials. Additionally, learning effects were compared between participants with an explicit motor imagery instruction and a control group. A Go/NoGo discrete sequence production (DSP) task was employed, wherein a five-stimulus sequence presented on each trial indicated the required sequence of finger movements after a Go signal. In the case of a NoGo signal, participants either had to imagine carrying out the response sequence (the motor imagery group), or the response sequence had to be withheld (the control group). Two practice days were followed by a final test day on which all sequences had to be executed. Learning effects were assessed by computing response times (RTs) and the percentages of correct responses (PCs). The electroencephalogram (EEG ) was additionally measured on this test day to examine whether motor preparation and the involvement of visual short term memory (VST M) depended on the amount of physical/mental practice. Accuracy data indicated strong learning effects. However, a substantial amount of physical practice was required to reach an optimal speed. EEG results suggest the involvement of VST M for sequences that had less or no physical practice in both groups. The absence of differences between the motor imagery and the control group underlines the possibility that motor preparation may actually resemble motor imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Sobierajewicz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and
Management, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Szarkiewicz
- Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam
Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam
Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jaśkowski
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology,
Poznan, Poland
| | - Rob van der Lubbe
- Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, University of Twente, Enschede,
The Netherlands
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163
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Kinesthetic motor imagery training modulates frontal midline theta during imagination of a dart throw. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 110:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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164
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Neural plasticity during motor learning with motor imagery practice: Review and perspectives. Neuroscience 2016; 341:61-78. [PMID: 27890831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, many studies confirmed the benefits of mental practice with motor imagery. In this review we first aimed to compile data issued from fundamental and clinical investigations and to provide the key-components for the optimization of motor imagery strategy. We focused on transcranial magnetic stimulation studies, supported by brain imaging research, that sustain the current hypothesis of a functional link between cortical reorganization and behavioral improvement. As perspectives, we suggest a model of neural adaptation following mental practice, in which synapse conductivity and inhibitory mechanisms at the spinal level may also play an important role.
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165
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Eaves DL, Riach M, Holmes PS, Wright DJ. Motor Imagery during Action Observation: A Brief Review of Evidence, Theory and Future Research Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:514. [PMID: 27917103 PMCID: PMC5116576 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have traditionally been viewed as two separate techniques, which can both be used alongside physical practice to enhance motor learning and rehabilitation. Their independent use has largely been shown to be effective, and there is clear evidence that the two processes can elicit similar activity in the motor system. Building on these well-established findings, research has now turned to investigate the effects of their combined use. In this article, we first review the available neurophysiological and behavioral evidence for the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) on motor processes. We next describe a conceptual framework for their combined use, and then discuss several areas for future research into AO+MI processes. In this review, we advocate a more integrated approach to AO+MI techniques than has previously been adopted by movement scientists and practitioners alike. We hope that this early review of an emergent body of research, along with a related set of research questions, can inspire new work in this area. We are optimistic that future research will further confirm if, how, and when this combined approach to AO+MI can be more effective in motor learning and rehabilitation settings, relative to the more traditional application of MI or AO independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Eaves
- Sport and Exercise Science Section, Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough, UK
| | - Martin Riach
- Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityCrewe, UK
| | - Paul S. Holmes
- Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityCrewe, UK
| | - David J. Wright
- Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityCrewe, UK
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166
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Iso N, Ooso S, Yamamoto N, Moriuchi T, Sagari A, Iso F, Tanaka K, Tabira T, Higashi T. Effect of mental practice using inverse video of the unaffected upper limb in a subject with chronic hemiparesis after stroke. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2984-2987. [PMID: 27821974 PMCID: PMC5088165 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this case study was to investigate whether a method of mental
practice (MP) using an inverse video of a subject’s unaffected limb to complement the
vividness of motor imagery (MI) would be effective for improving affected upper limb
function. [Subjects and Methods] The participant was 60-year-old male in the chronic stage
of stroke recovery with left sided hemiparesis. The design of the study was AB method of
Single-System-Design. He performed the MP as a home program with DVD. The intervention
lasted 30 minutes a session, twice a day, 5 times a week, over 6 weeks. The DVD was
created using inverse video of his unaffected upper limb. Primary outcome measures were
used the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper limb (FMA) and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) 3
times each baseline, intervention and follow-up. The subjective vividness of MI was
assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). [Results] FMA and MAL score during intervention
was improved significantly comparing to baseline, and maintained in withdrawal. VAS score
was improved in withdrawal comparing to baseline. [Conclusion] Results suggested that
effect of mental practice for stroke patients increased by vividness of motor imagery was
improved by the inverse video.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iso
- Medical Corporation Toujinkai Miharadai Hospital, Japan; Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shirou Ooso
- Medical Corporation Toujinkai Miharadai Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Akira Sagari
- Shinshu University School of Health Science, Japan
| | - Fumiko Iso
- Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tabira
- Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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167
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Sobierajewicz J, Przekoracka-Krawczyk A, Jaśkowski W, Verwey WB, van der Lubbe R. The influence of motor imagery on the learning of a fine hand motor skill. Exp Brain Res 2016; 235:305-320. [PMID: 27714404 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery has been argued to affect the acquisition of motor skills. The present study examined the specificity of motor imagery on the learning of a fine hand motor skill by employing a modified discrete sequence production task: the Go/NoGo DSP task. After an informative cue, a response sequence had either to be executed, imagined, or withheld. To establish learning effects, the experiment was divided into a practice phase and a test phase. In the latter phase, we compared mean response times and accuracy during the execution of unfamiliar sequences, familiar imagined sequences, and familiar executed sequences. The electroencephalogram was measured in the practice phase to compare activity between motor imagery, motor execution, and a control condition in which responses should be withheld. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related lateralizations (ERLs) showed strong similarities above cortical motor areas on trials requiring motor imagery and motor execution, while a major difference was found with trials on which the response sequence should be withheld. Behavioral results from the test phase showed that response times and accuracy improved after physical and mental practice relative to unfamiliar sequences (so-called sequence-specific learning effects), although the effect of motor learning by motor imagery was smaller than the effect of physical practice. These findings confirm that motor imagery also resembles motor execution in the case of a fine hand motor skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Sobierajewicz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warsaw, Poland. .,Vision and Neuroscience Laboratory, NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicza University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk
- Vision and Neuroscience Laboratory, NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicza University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.,Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jaśkowski
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Willem B Verwey
- Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van der Lubbe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warsaw, Poland.,Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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168
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Lust JM, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B. Motor imagery difficulties in children with Cerebral Palsy: A specific or general deficit? RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 57:102-111. [PMID: 27399206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the specificity of motor imagery (MI) difficulties in children with CP. METHOD Performance of 22 children with CP was compared to a gender and age matched control group. MI ability was measured with the Hand Laterality Judgment (HLJ) task, examining specifically the direction of rotation (DOR) effect, and the Praxis Imagery Questionnaire (PIQ). RESULTS In the back view condition of the HLJ task both groups used MI, as evidenced by longer response times for lateral compared with medial rotational angles. In the palm view condition children with CP did not show an effect of DOR, unlike controls. Error scores did not differ between groups. Both groups performed well on the PIQ, with no significant difference between them in response pattern. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION The present study suggests that children with CP show deficits on tasks that trigger implicit use of MI, whereas explicit MI ability was relatively preserved, as assessed using the PIQ. These results suggest that employing more explicit methods of MI training may well be more suitable for children with CP in rehabilitation of motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Lust
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter H Wilson
- Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne 3065, VIC, Australia
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169
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Alimardani M, Nishio S, Ishiguro H. The Importance of Visual Feedback Design in BCIs; from Embodiment to Motor Imagery Learning. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161945. [PMID: 27598310 PMCID: PMC5012560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) have been developed and implemented in many areas as a new communication channel between the human brain and external devices. Despite their rapid growth and broad popularity, the inaccurate performance and cost of user-training are yet the main issues that prevent their application out of the research and clinical environment. We previously introduced a BCI system for the control of a very humanlike android that could raise a sense of embodiment and agency in the operators only by imagining a movement (motor imagery) and watching the robot perform it. Also using the same setup, we further discovered that the positive bias of subjects' performance both increased their sensation of embodiment and improved their motor imagery skills in a short period. In this work, we studied the shared mechanism between the experience of embodiment and motor imagery. We compared the trend of motor imagery learning when two groups of subjects BCI-operated different looking robots, a very humanlike android's hands and a pair of metallic gripper. Although our experiments did not show a significant change of learning between the two groups immediately during one session, the android group revealed better motor imagery skills in the follow up session when both groups repeated the task using the non-humanlike gripper. This result shows that motor imagery skills learnt during the BCI-operation of humanlike hands are more robust to time and visual feedback changes. We discuss the role of embodiment and mirror neuron system in such outcome and propose the application of androids for efficient BCI training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alimardani
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nishio
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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170
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Seebacher B, Kuisma R, Glynn A, Berger T. The effect of rhythmic-cued motor imagery on walking, fatigue and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomised controlled trial. Mult Scler 2016; 23:286-296. [PMID: 27055804 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516644058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor imagery and rhythmic auditory stimulation are physiotherapy strategies for walking rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of motor imagery combined with rhythmic cueing on walking, fatigue and quality of life (QoL) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Individuals with MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 1.5-4.5 were randomised into one of three groups: 17 minutes of motor imagery, six times per week, for 4 weeks, with music (A) or metronome cues (B), both with verbal cueing, and (C) controls. Primary outcomes were walking speed (Timed 25-Foot Walk) and distance (6-Minute Walk Test). Secondary outcomes were walking perception (Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12), fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale) and QoL (Short Form-36 Health Survey, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, Euroquol-5D-3L Questionnaire). RESULTS Of the 112 participants randomised, 101 completed the study. Compared to controls, both interventions significantly improved walking speed, distance and perception. Significant improvements in cognitive but not psychosocial fatigue were seen in the intervention groups, and physical fatigue improved only in the music-based group. Both interventions improved QoL; however, music-cued motor imagery was superior at improving health-related QoL. CONCLUSION Rhythmic-cued motor imagery improves walking, fatigue and QoL in people with MS, with music-cued motor imagery being more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raija Kuisma
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Angela Glynn
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Thomas Berger
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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171
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Eaves D, Behmer L, Vogt S. EEG and behavioural correlates of different forms of motor imagery during action observation in rhythmical actions. Brain Cogn 2016; 106:90-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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172
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Di Rienzo F, Debarnot U, Daligault S, Saruco E, Delpuech C, Doyon J, Collet C, Guillot A. Online and Offline Performance Gains Following Motor Imagery Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:315. [PMID: 27445755 PMCID: PMC4923126 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that motor imagery (MI) promotes motor learning. While MI has been shown to influence the early stages of the learning process, recent data revealed that sleep also contributes to the consolidation of the memory trace. How such "online" and "offline" processes take place and how they interact to impact the neural underpinnings of movements has received little attention. The aim of the present review is twofold: (i) providing an overview of recent applied and fundamental studies investigating the effects of MI practice (MIP) on motor learning; and (ii) detangling applied and fundamental findings in support of a sleep contribution to motor consolidation after MIP. We conclude with an integrative approach of online and offline learning resulting from intense MIP in healthy participants, and underline research avenues in the motor learning/clinical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Laboratoire de Neurologie et d'Imagerie Cognitive, Université de GenèveGeneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Elodie Saruco
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claude Delpuech
- INSERM U821, Département MEG, CERMEP Imagerie Du Vivant Bron, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Département de Psychologie, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Collet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
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173
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Weller JM. Improving procedural performance through warm-up and mental imagery. Br J Anaesth 2016; 116:315-7. [PMID: 26865128 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Weller
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Specialist Anaesthetist, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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174
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Santiago LMDM, de Oliveira DA, de Macêdo Ferreira LGL, de Brito Pinto HY, Spaniol AP, de Lucena Trigueiro LC, Ribeiro TS, de Sousa AVC, Piemonte MEP, Lindquist ARR. Immediate effects of adding mental practice to physical practice on the gait of individuals with Parkinson's disease: Randomized clinical trial. NeuroRehabilitation 2016; 37:263-71. [PMID: 26484518 DOI: 10.3233/nre-151259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental practice has shown benefits in the rehabilitation of neurological patients, however, there is no evidence of immediate effects on gait of individuals with Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVE Determine the effects of mental practice activity added to physical practice on the gait of individuals with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD). METHODS 20 patients classified with stage 2 and 3, according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale were randomized into 2 groups. The experimental group (N = 10) was submitted to a single session of mental practice and physical practice gait protocol and the control group (N = 10) only to physical practice. The primary outcomes were stride length and total stance and swing time. Secondary outcomes were hip range of motion, velocity and mobility. Subjects were reassessed 10 minutes, 1 day and 7 days after the end of the session. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. An intragroup difference was observed in velocity, stride length, hip range of motion, and mobility, as well as total stance and swing time. These results were also observed on follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS Mental practice did not have a greater effect on the gait of individuals with IPD than physical practice, after a single session.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Spaniol
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Souza Ribeiro
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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175
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A Program to Improve Reach Estimation and Reduce Fall Risk in the Elderly. Geriatrics (Basel) 2016; 1:geriatrics1020014. [PMID: 31022808 PMCID: PMC6371089 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics1020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary research findings indicate that in older persons (typically 64 > years) there are functional decrements in the ability to mentally represent and effectively plan motor actions. Actions, if poorly planned, can result in falling, a major health concern for the elderly. Whereas a number of factors may contribute to falls, over- or underestimation of reach abilities may lead to loss of postural control (balance) and pose a higher risk of falling. Our intent with this paper was to provide: (1) a brief background of the problem, (2) suggest strategies for mental (motor) imagery practice in the context of reach planning, and (3) describe general guidelines and a sample practice format of a training program for clinical use. Mental (motor) imagery practice of reach planning has potential for improving motor performance in reach-related everyday activities and reducing the risk of falls in older persons.
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176
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Wang L, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yan R, Liu H, Qiu M. Conditional Granger Causality Analysis of Effective Connectivity during Motor Imagery and Motor Execution in Stroke Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3870863. [PMID: 27200373 PMCID: PMC4854998 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3870863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims. Motor imagery has emerged as a promising technique for the improvement of motor function following stroke, but the mechanism of functional network reorganization in patients during this process remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cortical motor network patterns of effective connectivity in stroke patients. Methods. Ten stroke patients with right hand hemiplegia and ten normal control subjects were recruited. We applied conditional Granger causality analysis (CGCA) to explore and compare the functional connectivity between motor execution and motor imagery. Results. Compared with the normal controls, the patient group showed lower effective connectivity to the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor cortex (PMC), and the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the damaged hemisphere but stronger effective connectivity to the ipsilesional PMC and M1 in the intact hemisphere during motor execution. There were tighter connections in the cortical motor network in the patients than in the controls during motor imagery, and the patients showed more effective connectivity in the intact hemisphere. Conclusions. The increase in effective connectivity suggests that motor imagery enhances core corticocortical interactions, promotes internal interaction in damaged hemispheres in stroke patients, and may facilitate recovery of motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Medical Image, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jingna Zhang
- Department of Medical Image, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Image, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rubing Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingguo Qiu
- Department of Medical Image, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
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177
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Ferreira Dias Kanthack T, Guillot A, Ricardo Altimari L, Nunez Nagy S, Collet C, Di Rienzo F. Selective Efficacy of Static and Dynamic Imagery in Different States of Physical Fatigue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149654. [PMID: 26930279 PMCID: PMC4773141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that motor imagery contributes to improved motor performance, and recent work showed that dynamic motor imagery (dMI) might provide additional benefits by comparison with traditional MI practice. However, the efficacy of motor imagery in different states of physical fatigue remains largely unknown, especially as imagery accuracy may be hampered by the physical fatigue states elicited by training. We investigated the effect of static motor imagery (sMI) and dMI on free-throw accuracy in 10 high-level basketball athletes, both in a non-fatigued state (Experiment 1) and immediately after an incremental running test completed until exhaustion (20 m shuttle run-test-Experiment 2). We collected perceived exhaustion and heart rate to quantify the subjective experience of fatigue and energy expenditure. We found that dMI brought better shooting performance than sMI, except when athletes were physically exhausted. These findings shed light on the conditions eliciting optimal use of sMI and dMI. In particular, considering that the current physical state affects body representation, performing dMI under fatigue may result in mismatches between actual and predicted body states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Ferreira Dias Kanthack
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sistema Neuromuscular e Exercício, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Leandro Ricardo Altimari
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sistema Neuromuscular e Exercício, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susana Nunez Nagy
- Unidad de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Christian Collet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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178
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Cheron G, Petit G, Cheron J, Leroy A, Cebolla A, Cevallos C, Petieau M, Hoellinger T, Zarka D, Clarinval AM, Dan B. Brain Oscillations in Sport: Toward EEG Biomarkers of Performance. Front Psychol 2016; 7:246. [PMID: 26955362 PMCID: PMC4768321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain dynamics is at the basis of top performance accomplishment in sports. The search for neural biomarkers of performance remains a challenge in movement science and sport psychology. The non-invasive nature of high-density electroencephalography (EEG) recording has made it a most promising avenue for providing quantitative feedback to practitioners and coaches. Here, we review the current relevance of the main types of EEG oscillations in order to trace a perspective for future practical applications of EEG and event-related potentials (ERP) in sport. In this context, the hypotheses of unified brain rhythms and continuity between wake and sleep states should provide a functional template for EEG biomarkers in sport. The oscillations in the thalamo-cortical and hippocampal circuitry including the physiology of the place cells and the grid cells provide a frame of reference for the analysis of delta, theta, beta, alpha (incl.mu), and gamma oscillations recorded in the space field of human performance. Based on recent neuronal models facilitating the distinction between the different dynamic regimes (selective gating and binding) in these different oscillations we suggest an integrated approach articulating together the classical biomechanical factors (3D movements and EMG) and the high-density EEG and ERP signals to allow finer mathematical analysis to optimize sport performance, such as microstates, coherency/directionality analysis and neural generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons-HainautMons, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julian Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Haute Ecole CondorcetCharleroi, Belgium
| | - Anita Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hoellinger
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Zarka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Clarinval
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dan
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Inkendaal Rehabilitation HospitalVlezembeek, Belgium
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179
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Oostra KM, Van Bladel A, Vanhoonacker ACL, Vingerhoets G. Damage to Fronto-Parietal Networks Impairs Motor Imagery Ability after Stroke: A Voxel-Based Lesion Symptom Mapping Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:5. [PMID: 26869894 PMCID: PMC4740776 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental practice with motor imagery has been shown to promote motor skill acquisition in healthy subjects and patients. Although lesions of the common motor imagery and motor execution neural network are expected to impair motor imagery ability, functional equivalence appears to be at least partially preserved in stroke patients. Aim: To identify brain regions that are mandatory for preserved motor imagery ability after stroke. Method:Thirty-seven patients with hemiplegia after a first time stroke participated. Motor imagery ability was measured using a Motor Imagery questionnaire and temporal congruence test. A voxelwise lesion symptom mapping approach was used to identify neural correlates of motor imagery in this cohort within the first year post-stroke. Results: Poor motor imagery vividness was associated with lesions in the left putamen, left ventral premotor cortex and long association fibers linking parieto-occipital regions with the dorsolateral premotor and prefrontal areas. Poor temporal congruence was otherwise linked to lesions in the more rostrally located white matter of the superior corona radiata. Conclusion: This voxel-based lesion symptom mapping study confirms the association between white matter tract lesions and impaired motor imagery ability, thus emphasizing the importance of an intact fronto-parietal network for motor imagery. Our results further highlight the crucial role of the basal ganglia and premotor cortex when performing motor imagery tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Oostra
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Bladel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann C L Vanhoonacker
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Vingerhoets
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
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180
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Adams ILJ, Steenbergen B, Lust JM, Smits-Engelsman BCM. Motor imagery training for children with developmental coordination disorder--study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26758026 PMCID: PMC4710999 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that the predictive control of movements is impaired in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), most likely due to a deficit in the internal modeling of movements. Motor imagery paradigms have been used to test this internal modeling deficit. The aim of the present study is to examine whether a training focused on the mental imagery of motor skills, can help to improve the motor abilities of children with DCD. Methods/Design A pre-post design will be used to examine the motor performance, motor imagery and motor planning abilities before and after a training of 9 weeks. Two groups will be included in this study (1) one receiving motor imagery (MI) training focused on the forward modeling of purposive actions, (2) one receiving Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) training focused on identifying effective cognitive strategies that will increase motor competence. MI training will be given with the use of instruction videos of the motor skill that will be trained. Both groups will participate in 9 individual sessions of 45 min (once a week) with a paediatric physical or occupational therapist, added with homework sessions. Inclusion criteria are: (1) aged 7–12 years, (2) meeting the DSM-V criteria for DCD (motor performance substantially low (score on the m-ABC ≤ 16th percentile) and motor problems that interfere with daily life (DCDQ, and request for help at a paediatric physical or occupational therapist)). Exclusion criteria are IQ < 70 and other medical conditions causing the motor impairment. Discussion The results of this study will help to make treatment protocols for children with DCD more evidence-based. This study will increase our knowledge about the efficacy of both the MI training and CO-OP training, and both children with DCD and therapists will benefit from this knowledge. Trial registration www.trialregister.nl/NTR5471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke L J Adams
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica M Lust
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouwien C M Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Old Main Building Grote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Iso N, Moriuchi T, Sagari A, Kitajima E, Iso F, Tanaka K, Kikuchi Y, Tabira T, Higashi T. Monitoring Local Regional Hemodynamic Signal Changes during Motor Execution and Motor Imagery Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Physiol 2016; 6:416. [PMID: 26793118 PMCID: PMC4707267 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the topographical localization of motor-related regional hemodynamic signal changes during motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), as this technique is more clinically expedient than established methods (e.g., fMRI). Twenty right-handed healthy subjects participated in this study. The experimental protocol was a blocked design consisting of 3 cycles of 20 s of task performance and 30 s of rest. The tapping sequence task was performed with their fingers under 4 conditions: ME and MI with the right or left hand. Hemodynamic brain activity was measured with NIRS to monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration. Oxy-Hb in the somatosensory motor cortex (SMC) increased significantly only during contralateral ME and showed a significant interaction between task and hand. There was a main effect of hand in the left SMC. Although there were no significant main effects or interactions in the supplemental motor area (SMA) and premotor area (PMA), oxy-Hb increased substantially under all conditions. These results clarified the topographical localization by motor-related regional hemodynamic signal changes during ME and MI by using NIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iso
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan; Medical Corporation Toujinkai Miharadai HospitalNagasaki, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan; Medical Corporation Toujinkai Miharadai HospitalNagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Sagari
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Society Nagasaki Genbaku HospitalNagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiji Kitajima
- Center for Industry, University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiko Iso
- Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kikuchi
- Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tabira
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishikyushu University Saga, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki, Japan
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Guillot A, Di Rienzo F, Pialoux V, Simon G, Skinner S, Rogowski I. Implementation of Motor Imagery during Specific Aerobic Training Session in Young Tennis Players. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143331. [PMID: 26580804 PMCID: PMC4651510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of implementing motor imagery (MI) during specific tennis high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) sessions on groundstroke performance in young elite tennis players. Stroke accuracy and ball velocity of forehand and backhand drives were evaluated in ten young tennis players, immediately before and after having randomly performed two HIIT sessions. One session included MI exercises during the recovery phases, while the other included verbal encouragements for physical efforts and served as control condition. Results revealed that similar cardiac demand was observed during both sessions, while implementing MI maintained groundstroke accuracy. Embedding MI during HIIT enabled the development of physical fitness and the preservation of stroke performance. These findings bring new insight to tennis and conditioning coaches in order to fulfil the benefits of specific playing HIIT sessions, and therefore to optimise the training time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Guillot
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000, Paris, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport–EA 647, UFRSTAPS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport–EA 647, UFRSTAPS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000, Paris, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport–EA 647, UFRSTAPS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Germain Simon
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport–EA 647, UFRSTAPS, Villeurbanne, France
- Ligue du Lyonnais de Tennis, Bron, France
| | - Sarah Skinner
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport–EA 647, UFRSTAPS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Rogowski
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport–EA 647, UFRSTAPS, Villeurbanne, France
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Hidalgo‐Peréz A, Fernández‐García Á, López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva I, Gil‐Martínez A, Paris‐Alemany A, Fernández‐Carnero J, La Touche R. EFFECTIVENESS OF A MOTOR CONTROL THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE PROGRAM COMBINED WITH MOTOR IMAGERY ON THE SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2015; 10:877-892. [PMID: 26618067 PMCID: PMC4637922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor control therapeutic exercise (MCTE) for the neck is a motor relearning program that emphasizes the coordination and contraction of specific neck flexor, extensor, and shoulder girdle muscles. Because motor imagery (MI) improves sensorimotor function and it improves several motor aspects, such as motor learning, neuromotor control, and acquisition of motor skills, the authors hypothesized that a combination of MCTE and MI would improve the sensorimotor function of the cervical spine more effectively than a MCTE program alone. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of MI combined with a MCTE program on sensorimotor function of the craniocervical region in asymptomatic subjects. STUDY DESIGN This study was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. METHODS Forty asymptomatic subjects were assigned to a MCTE group or a MCTE+MI group. Both groups received the same MCTE program for the cervical region (60 minutes), but the MCTE+MI group received an additional intervention based on MI (15 minutes). The primary outcomes assessed were craniocervical neuromotor control (activation pressure value and highest pressure value), cervical kinesthetic sense (joint position error [JPE]), and the subjective perception of fatigue after effort. RESULTS Intra-group significant differences were obtained between pre- and post interventions for all evaluated variables (p<0.01) in the MCTE+MI and MCTE groups, except for craniocervical neuromotor control and the subjective perception of fatigue after effort in the MCTE group. In the MCTE+MI group a large effect size was found for craniocervical neuromotor control (d between -0.94 and -1.41), cervical kinesthetic sense (d between 0.97 and 2.14), neck flexor muscle endurance test (d = -1.50), and subjective perception of fatigue after effort (d = 0.79). There were significant inter-group differences for the highest pressure value, joint position error (JPE) extension, JPE left rotation, and subjective perception of fatigue after effort. CONCLUSION The combined MI and MCTE intervention produced statistically significant changes in sensorimotor function variables of the craniocervical region (highest pressure value, JPE extension and JPE left rotation) and the perception of subjective fatigue compared to MCTE alone. Both groups showed statistically significant changes in all variables measured, except for craniocervical neuromotor control and the subjective perception of fatigue after effort in the MCTE group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hidalgo‐Peréz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Fernández‐García
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain
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EEG Topographic Mapping of Visual and Kinesthetic Imagery in Swimmers. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2015; 41:121-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-015-9307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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185
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Rao A, Tait I, Alijani A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of mental training in the acquisition of technical skills in surgery. Am J Surg 2015; 210:545-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Seebacher B, Kuisma R, Glynn A, Berger T. Rhythmic cued motor imagery and walking in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2015; 1:25. [PMID: 27965804 PMCID: PMC5154106 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-015-0021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel physiotherapy approaches such as motor imagery and rhythmic auditory stimulation have been shown to improve walking in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Rhythmic cued motor imagery was used in this study, whose objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT) in people with MS and to obtain information on walking. METHODS Thirty adult people with MS who scored 1.5-4.5 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale were recruited at the MS Clinic Innsbruck, Austria. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups, all receiving usual care: 17 min of motor imagery, six times per week, for 4 weeks, with music (A) or metronome cues (B) and (C) controls. Primary outcomes were recruitment rates, retention, compliance, adverse events and fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale). Secondary outcomes were walking speed (Timed 25-Foot Walk) and walking distance (6-Minute Walk Test). RESULTS We achieved our recruitment target by recruiting 12 participants per month, a mean eligibility rate of 40.1 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 35.8, 44.6 %) out of 2500 MS Centre patients, mean consent rate of 15.9 % (95 % CI 11.3, 21.7 %) plus 54.5 % (95 % CI 47.4, 61.4 %) of eligible patients who expressed their interest to participate. Retention of 100 %, no adverse events, good compliance, high acceptability of the interventions and no worsening of fatigue confirmed feasibility. The mean improvement in walking speed in both groups A and B was -0.9 s (95 % CI -1.3, -0.5), and mean worsening in group C was 0.4 s (95 % CI -0.3, 1.1). The mean improvement in walking distance in group A was 68.1 m (95 % CI 51.4, 84.7) and in group B 92.9 m (95 % CI 55.2, 130.5), and mean worsening in group C was -9.4 m (95 % CI -35.6, 16.9). CONCLUSIONS Results from our study showed that a full-scale RCT is feasible to investigate the effects of rhythmic cued motor imagery on walking in people with MS, with no changes to the interventions and assessments. Based on the walking improvements, a total sample size of 138 participants was calculated. Stratified blocked randomisation, allocation concealment and blinding will be used in the main study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN: ISRCTN67054113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seebacher
- University of Brighton, School of Health Sciences, Robert Dodd Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7UR UK
| | - Raija Kuisma
- University of Brighton, School of Health Sciences, Robert Dodd Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7UR UK
| | - Angela Glynn
- University of Brighton, School of Health Sciences, Robert Dodd Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7UR UK
| | - Thomas Berger
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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187
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Paige JT, Yu Q, Hunt JP, Marr AB, Stuke LE. Thinking it through: mental rehearsal and performance on 2 types of laparoscopic cholecystectomy simulators. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2015; 72:740-8. [PMID: 26073476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Simulation-based training (SBT) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCCY) provides an opportunity for junior residents to learn the procedure in a safe, nonthreatening environment. Mental rehearsal (MR) has the potential of augmenting skill acquisition. This project investigated the correlation between MR of LCCY with performance on 2 different types of simulators: a procedural task (PT) training model and virtual reality (VR) machine. DESIGN Prospective, quasi-experimental design with purposeful sampling. Postgraduate years (PGYs) 1 through 3 general surgical residents underwent standardized, distributed SBT in LCCY on either a PT trainer or a VR machine with group-based MR undertaken before 2 SBT sessions. Participants completed a pre-MR and post-MR session mental imagery questionnaire (MIQ) containing 8-items using a 7-point Likert-type scale. Data related to VR objective measures and PT video-based performances were also collected. Total scale mean scores were calculated for the first MR session and the second MR session and were compared using the t test. Pearson correlation analysis of MIQ scores with performance scores was determined. SETTING Louisiana State University Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, Louisiana. This health sciences center is a tertiary care, academic state institution located in the Southeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 21 PGYs 1 through 3 general surgery residents participated. They were purposefully divided into the PT and VR training groups to allow for even PGY distribution. Of the 21 participants, 19 completed both training sessions (n = 10 for PT [PGY1 = 4, PGY2 = 4, PGY3 = 2] and n = 9 for VR [PGY1 = 4, PGY2 = 3, PGY3 = 2]). RESULTS After the Bonferroni adjustment, significant gains in the MIQ items related to confidence, visual imagery, and knowledge of the procedure were found. VR performance data demonstrated some statistically significant improvements. A significant negative correlation was present between the two-handed clip-and-cut VR task and MIQ gains. CONCLUSIONS Group MR in LCCY before SBT on a VR machine is related to improved performance time for the VR two-handed clip-and-cut task. MR may be a useful adjunct to SBT LCCY. Future work will look at the translation of these skills to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Paige
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Qingzhao Yu
- School of Public Health, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - John P Hunt
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Alan B Marr
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lance E Stuke
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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188
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Scholefield SC, Cooke CP, Van Vliet PM, Heneghan NR. The effectiveness of mental imagery for improving strength in an asymptomatic population. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x15y.0000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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189
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190
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Ridderinkhof KR, Brass M. How Kinesthetic Motor Imagery works: a predictive-processing theory of visualization in sports and motor expertise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 109:53-63. [PMID: 25817985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) is an important technique to acquire and refine motor skills. KMI is widely used by professional athletes as an effective way to improve motor performance without overt motor output. Despite this obvious relevance, the functional mechanisms and neural circuits involved in KMI in sports are still poorly understood. In the present article, which aims at bridging the sport sciences and cognitive neurophysiology literatures, we give a brief overview of relevant research in the field of KMI. Furthermore, we develop a theoretical account that relates KMI to predictive motor control theories assuming that it is based on internal activation of anticipatory images of action effects. This mechanism allows improving motor performance solely based on internal emulation of action. In accordance with previous literature, we propose that this emulation mechanism is implemented in brain regions that partially overlap with brain areas involved in overt motor performance including the posterior parietal cortex, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the premotor cortex. Finally, we outline one way to test the heuristic value of our theoretical framework for KMI; we suggest that experience with motor performance improves the ability to correctly infer the goals of others, in particular in penalty blocking in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Richard Ridderinkhof
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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191
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Blefari ML, Sulzer J, Hepp-Reymond MC, Kollias S, Gassert R. Improvement in precision grip force control with self-modulation of primary motor cortex during motor imagery. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:18. [PMID: 25762907 PMCID: PMC4327737 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) has shown effectiveness in enhancing motor performance. This may be due to the common neural mechanisms underlying MI and motor execution (ME). The main region of the ME network, the primary motor cortex (M1), has been consistently linked to motor performance. However, the activation of M1 during motor imagery is controversial, which may account for inconsistent rehabilitation therapy outcomes using MI. Here, we examined the relationship between contralateral M1 (cM1) activation during MI and changes in sensorimotor performance. To aid cM1 activity modulation during MI, we used real-time fMRI neurofeedback-guided MI based on cM1 hand area blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in healthy subjects, performing kinesthetic MI of pinching. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the correlation between cM1 BOLD signal and changes in motor performance during an isometric pinching task of those subjects who were able to activate cM1 during motor imagery. Activities in premotor and parietal regions were used as covariates. We found that cM1 activity was positively correlated to improvements in accuracy as well as overall performance improvements, whereas other regions in the sensorimotor network were not. The association between cM1 activation during MI with performance changes indicates that subjects with stronger cM1 activation during MI may benefit more from MI training, with implications toward targeted neurotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Blefari
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Zurich, Switzerland ; Chair in Non-Invasive Brain-Machine Interface, Center for Neuroprosthetics, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Sulzer
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Hepp-Reymond
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Spyros Kollias
- Neuroradiology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Gassert
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Zurich, Switzerland
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192
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Yoxon E, Tremblay L, Welsh TN. Effect of task-specific execution on accuracy of imagined aiming movements. Neurosci Lett 2015; 585:72-6. [PMID: 25445380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ideomotor theory states that the neural codes that represent action and the perceptual consequences of those actions are tightly bound in a common code. For action imagination, bound action, and perceptual codes are thought to be internally activated at a sub-threshold level through action simulation. In support of this hypothesis, previous research revealed that imagined movement times (MTs) for reciprocal aiming movements were closer to actual execution MTs after the participants gained experience executing the task. The current study examined the task-specific nature of the effects of experience on imagination by determining if improvements in accuracy in the imagination of reciprocal aiming movements occur only with experience of the reciprocal aiming task or with any aiming task. To this end, one group of participants executed a reciprocal pointing task, whereas a second group executed a discrete aiming task with comparable accuracy requirements before and after imagining reciprocal aiming movements. Influence of task specificity on imagination was assessed by evaluating the changes in imagined MTs before and after execution. Consistent with previous findings, there was a reduction in imagined MTs following task execution. Critically, there was a significant time by group interaction revealing a significant pre/post reduction in imagined MTs for the group that executed the reciprocal aiming movements, but not for the group that executed the discrete aiming movements. These data support ideomotor accounts of action imagination because it appears that the imagination of a movement is affected by task-specific experience with that movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Yoxon
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada.
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada.
| | - Timothy N Welsh
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada.
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Guttman A, Burstin A, Brown R, Bril S, Dickstein R. Motor Imagery Practice for Improving Sit to Stand and Reaching to Grasp in Individuals With Poststroke Hemiparesis. Top Stroke Rehabil 2014; 19:306-19. [DOI: 10.1310/tsr1904-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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194
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Assessing motor imagery ability in younger and older adults by combining measures of vividness, controllability and timing of motor imagery. Brain Res 2014; 1597:196-209. [PMID: 25481412 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the population aging, a large number of patients undergoing rehabilitation are older than 60 years. Also, since the use of motor imagery (MI) training in rehabilitation is becoming more popular, it is important to gain a better knowledge about the age-related changes in MI ability. The main goal of this study was to compare MI ability in younger and older adults as well as to propose a new procedure for testing this ability. Thirty healthy young subjects (mean age: 22.9±2.7 years) and 28 healthy elderly subjects (mean age: 72.4±5.5 years) participated in the experiment. They were administered three tests aimed at assessing three dimensions of MI: (1) the kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire (KVIQ) to assess MI vividness; (2) a finger-thumb opposition task to assess MI controllability; and (3) a chronometric task to assess the timing of MI. On average, the younger and older groups showed similar results on the KVIQ and the chronometric task, but the younger group was more accurate at the finger-thumb opposition task. Interestingly, there was a large variability in the performance within both groups, emphasizing the importance of considering each person individually regarding MI ability, whatever his age. Finally, we propose two indexes of MI ability to identify the potential of persons to engage in MI training programs. Future studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these MI indexes and define inclusion/exclusion thresholds for their use as a screening tool in both younger and older adults.
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195
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Liu H, Song L, Zhang T. Changes in brain activation in stroke patients after mental practice and physical exercise: a functional MRI study. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1474-84. [PMID: 25317160 PMCID: PMC4192950 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.139465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that refers to the mental rehearsal of motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor recovery after mental practice training is not well understood. In this study, 15 patients who suffered a first-ever subcortical stroke with neurological deficits affecting the right hand, but no significant cognitive impairment were recruited. 10 patients underwent mental practice combined with physical practice training, and 5 patients only underwent physical practice training. We observed brain activation regions after 4 weeks of training, and explored the correlation of activation changes with functional recovery of the affected hands. The results showed that, after 4 weeks of mental practice combined with physical training, the Fugl-Meyer assessment score for the affected right hand was significantly increased than that after 4 weeks of practice training alone. Functional MRI showed enhanced activation in the left primary somatosensory cortex, attenuated activation intensity in the right primary motor cortex, and enhanced right cerebellar activation observed during the motor imagery task using the affected right hand after mental practice training. The changes in brain cortical activity were related to functional recovery of the hand. Experimental findings indicate that cortical and cerebellar functional reorganization following mental practice contributed to the improvement of hand function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Luping Song
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
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196
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Di Rienzo F, Guillot A, Mateo S, Daligault S, Delpuech C, Rode G, Collet C. Neuroplasticity of imagined wrist actions after spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233:291-302. [PMID: 25300960 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI - i.e., the mental representation of an action without physically executing it) stimulates brain motor networks and promotes motor learning after spinal cord injury (SCI). An interesting issue is whether the brain networks controlling MI are being reorganized with reference to spared motor functions. In this pilot study, we tested using magnetoencephalography (MEG) whether changes in cortical recruitment during MI were related to the motor changes elicited by rehabilitation. Over a 1-year period of inclusion, C6 SCI participants (n = 4) met stringent criteria for inclusion in a rehabilitation program focused on the tenodesis prehension (i.e., a compensatory prehension enabling seizing of objects in spite of hand and forearm muscles paralysis). After an extended baseline period of 5 weeks including repeated MEG and chronometric assessments of motor performance, MI training was embedded to the classical course of physiotherapy for five additional weeks. Posttest MEG and motor performance data were collected. A group of matched healthy control participants underwent a similar procedure. The MI intervention resulted in changes in the variability of the wrist extensions, i.e., a key movement of the tenodesis grasp (p < .05). Interestingly, the extent of cortical recruitment, quantified by the number of MEG activation sources recorded within Brodmann areas 1-8 during MI of the wrist extension, significantly predicted actual movement variability changes across sessions (p < .001). However, no such relationship was present for movement times. Repeated measurements afforded a reliable statistical power (range .70-.97). This pilot study does not provide straightforward evidence of MI efficacy, which would require a randomized controlled trial. Nonetheless, the data showed that the relationship between action and imagery of spared actions may be preserved after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport (EA 647), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France,
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197
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Fusco A, Iosa M, Gallotta MC, Paolucci S, Baldari C, Guidetti L. Different performances in static and dynamic imagery and real locomotion. An exploratory trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:760. [PMID: 25324758 PMCID: PMC4183108 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is a mental representation of an action without its physical execution. Recently, the simultaneous movement of the body has been added to the mental simulation. This refers to dynamic motor imagery (dMI). This study was aimed at analyzing the temporal features for static and dMI in different locomotor conditions (natural walking, NW, light running, LR, lateral walking, LW, backward walking, BW), and whether these performances were more related to all the given conditions or present only in walking. We have been also evaluated the steps performed in the dMI in comparison with the ones performed by real locomotion. 20 healthy participants (29.3 ± 5.1 years old) were asked to move towards a visualized target located at 10 mt. In dMI, no significant temporal differences respect the actual locomotion were found for all the given tasks (NW: p = 0.058, LR: p = 0.636, BW: p = 0.096; LW: p = 0,487). Significant temporal differences between static imagery and actual movements were found for LR (p < 0.001) and LW (p < 0.001), due to an underestimation of time needed to achieve the target in imagined locomotion. Significant differences in terms of number of steps among tasks were found for LW (p < 0.001) and BW (p = 0.036), whereas neither in NW (p = 0.124) nor LR (p = 0.391) between dMI and real locomotion. Our results confirmed that motor imagery is a task-dependent process, with walking being temporally closer than other locomotor conditions. Moreover, the time records of dMI are nearer to the ones of actual locomotion respect than the ones of static motor imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Fusco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico Rome, Italy ; Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iosa
- Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Paolucci
- Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico Rome, Italy
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198
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ROZAND VIANNEY, LEBON FLORENT, PAPAXANTHIS CHARALAMBOS, LEPERS ROMUALD. Does a Mental Training Session Induce Neuromuscular Fatigue? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1981-9. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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199
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Motor imagery-based brain activity parallels that of motor execution: evidence from magnetic source imaging of cortical oscillations. Brain Res 2014; 1588:81-91. [PMID: 25251592 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is a form of practice in which an individual mentally performs a motor task. Previous research suggests that skill acquisition via MI is facilitated by repetitive activation of brain regions in the sensorimotor network similar to that of motor execution, however this evidence is conflicting. Further, many studies do not control for overt muscle activity and thus the activation patterns reported for MI may be driven in part by actual movement. The purpose of the current research is to further establish MI as a secondary modality of skill acquisition by providing electrophysiological evidence of an overlap between brain areas recruited for motor execution and imagery. Non-disabled participants (N=18; 24.7±3.8 years) performed both execution and imagery of a unilateral sequence button-press task. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was utilized to capture neural activity, while electromyography used to rigorously monitor muscle activity. Event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) analysis was conducted in the beta frequency band (15-30 Hz). Whole head dual-state beamformer analysis was applied to MEG data and 3D t-tests were conducted after Talairach normalization. Source-level analysis showed that MI has similar patterns of spatial activity as ME, including activation of contralateral primary motor and somatosensory cortices. However, this activation is significantly less intense during MI (p<0.05). As well, activation during ME was more lateralized (i.e., within the contralateral hemisphere). These results confirm that ME and MI have similar spatial activation patterns. Thus, the current research provides direct electrophysiological evidence to further establish MI as a secondary form of skill acquisition.
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Gomes TVB, Ugrinowitsch H, Marinho N, Shea JB, Raisbeck LD, Benda RN. Effects of mental practice in novice learners in a serial positioning skill acquisition. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 119:397-414. [PMID: 25202997 DOI: 10.2466/23.pms.119c20z4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of mental practice in novices were investigated. University students (N = 60) performed a serial aiming task, distributed in 5 groups of 12: mental practice, physical practice, mental-physical practice (first mental then physical practice), physical-mental practice (first physical then mental practice), and a control group that only performed the tests. Participants transported three tennis balls among six containers in a pre-established sequence in a target time. In the acquisition phase and retention test (24 hr. later), the task was the same; in the transfer test, 5 min. after the acquisition phase, sequence and time changed. Six trials were performed in the acquisition phase, and each test consisted of 9 trials. The performance measures were absolute error, constant error, and variable error; a t test and a two-way ANOVA were used to compare the acquisition phase and tests, respectively. Physical practice and both groups of combined conditions presented better performance in tests than the mental practice and control groups. Mental practice without motor experience in the task did not improve motor learning. Prior physical performance is desirable before conducting mental practice.
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