151
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Salinas EY, Hu JC, Athanasiou K. A Guide for Using Mechanical Stimulation to Enhance Tissue-Engineered Articular Cartilage Properties. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:345-358. [PMID: 29562835 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of tissue-engineered articular cartilage (TEAC) constructs has the potential to become a powerful treatment option for cartilage lesions resulting from trauma or early stages of pathology. Although fundamental tissue-engineering strategies based on the use of scaffolds, cells, and signals have been developed, techniques that lead to biomimetic AC constructs that can be translated to in vivo use are yet to be fully confirmed. Mechanical stimulation during tissue culture can be an effective strategy to enhance the mechanical, structural, and cellular properties of tissue-engineered constructs toward mimicking those of native AC. This review focuses on the use of mechanical stimulation to attain and enhance the properties of AC constructs needed to translate these implants to the clinic. In vivo, mechanical loading at maximal and supramaximal physiological levels has been shown to be detrimental to AC through the development of degenerative changes. In contrast, multiple studies have revealed that during culture, mechanical stimulation within narrow ranges of magnitude and duration can produce anisotropic, mechanically robust AC constructs with high cellular viability. Significant progress has been made in evaluating a variety of mechanical stimulation techniques on TEAC, either alone or in combination with other stimuli. These advancements include determining and optimizing efficacious loading parameters (e.g., duration and frequency) to yield improvements in construct design criteria, such as collagen II content, compressive stiffness, cell viability, and fiber organization. With the advancement of mechanical stimulation as a potent strategy in AC tissue engineering, a compendium detailing the results achievable by various stimulus regimens would be of great use for researchers in academia and industry. The objective is to list the qualitative and quantitative effects that can be attained when direct compression, hydrostatic pressure, shear, and tensile loading are used to tissue-engineer AC. Our goal is to provide a practical guide to their use and optimization of loading parameters. For each loading condition, we will also present and discuss benefits and limitations of bioreactor configurations that have been used. The intent is for this review to serve as a reference for including mechanical stimulation strategies as part of AC construct culture regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelia Y Salinas
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California , Irvine, California
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California , Irvine, California
| | - Kyriacos Athanasiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California , Irvine, California
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152
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Tong D, Lönnblom E, Yau ACY, Nandakumar KS, Liang B, Ge C, Viljanen J, Li L, Bãlan M, Klareskog L, Chagin AS, Gjertsson I, Kihlberg J, Zhao M, Holmdahl R. A Shared Epitope of Collagen Type XI and Type II Is Recognized by Pathogenic Antibodies in Mice and Humans with Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:451. [PMID: 29706949 PMCID: PMC5906551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Collagen XI (CXI) is a heterotrimeric molecule with triple helical structure in which the α3(XI) chain is identical to the α1(II) chain of collagen II (CII), but with extensive posttranslational modifications. CXI molecules are intermingled in the cartilage collagen fibers, which are mainly composed of CII. One of the alpha chains in CXI is shared with CII and contains the immunodominant T cell epitope, but it is unclear whether there are shared B cell epitopes as the antibodies tend to recognize the triple helical structures. Methods Mice expressing the susceptible immune response gene Aq were immunized with CII or CXI. Serum antibody responses were measured, monoclonal antibodies were isolated and analyzed for specificity to CII, CXI, and triple helical collagen peptides using bead-based multiplex immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blots. Arthritogenicity of the antibodies was investigated by passive transfer experiments. Results Immunization with CII or CXI leads to a strong T and B cell response, including a cross-reactive response to both collagen types. Immunization with CII leads to severe arthritis in mice, with a response toward CXI at the chronic stage, whereas CXI immunization induces very mild arthritis only. A series of monoclonal antibodies to CXI were isolated and of these, the L10D9 antibody bound to both CXI and CII equally strong, with a specific binding for the D3 epitope region of α3(XI) or α1(II) chain. The L10D9 antibody binds cartilage in vivo and induced severe arthritis. In contrast, the L5F3 antibody only showed weak binding and L7D8 antibody has no binding to cartilage and did not induce arthritis. The arthritogenic L10D9 antibody bound to an epitope shared with CII, the triple helical D3 epitope. Antibody levels to the shared D3 epitope were elevated in the sera from mice with arthritis as well as in rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion CXI is immunologically not exposed in healthy cartilage but contains T and B cell epitopes cross-reactive with CII, which could be activated in both mouse and human arthritis and could evoke an arthritogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Immunopharmacology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthony C Y Yau
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Immunopharmacology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bibo Liang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Viljanen
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center, Section of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirela Bãlan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center, Section of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Immunopharmacology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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153
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Komura M, Komura H, Kanamori Y, Tanaka Y, Ohatani Y, Ishimaru T, Sugiyama M, Hoshi K, Iwanaka T. Study of Mechanical Properties of Engineered Cartilage in an in Vivo Culture for Design of a Biodegradable Scaffold. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003301102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction An engineered trachea with an absorbable scaffold should be used to augment the repair of a stenotic tracheal section in infants and children because this type of engineered airway structure can grow as the child grows. Our strategy for relief of tracheal stenosis is tracheoplasty by engineered cartilage implantation in accordance with the concept of costal cartilage grafting to enlarge the lumen. This study investigated the mechanical properties of regenerative cartilage with a biodegradable scaffold, Neoveil®, to aid in design of a composite scaffold that maintained semi-rigid properties until cartilage could be generated. Materials and methods New Zealand White rabbit (n=3) chondrocytes were isolated from auricular cartilage with collagenase type 2 digestion. Then 10×106/cm3 chondrocytes in atelocollagen solution were seeded onto polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh. A total of 36 constructs, 12 from each rabbit, were implanted into athymic mice (3 constructs/mouse). Constructs were retrieved after 8 weeks and evaluated by measurements of mechanical and biochemical properties as well as histological examination. Thirty-six PGA mesh sheets of the same size but without cells were implanted in control mice. Results After 6 weeks of implantation, staining of sections with Safranin O revealed cartilage accumulation. Glycosaminoglycan was gradually produced from chondrocytes in the engineered constructs, correlating with the duration of implantation. Mechanical parameters had the same values as those for rabbit tracheal cartilage 8 weeks after implantation. Conclusions Biodegradable Neoveil® had good biocompatibility and was able to support extracellular matrix formation in engineered cartilage in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Komura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Hiroko Komura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Yutaka Kanamori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Yujirou Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohatani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Tetuya Ishimaru
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Tissue Engineering (Fujisoft ABC), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
| | - Tadashi Iwanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo - Japan
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154
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Jacob J, More N, Kalia K, Kapusetti G. Piezoelectric smart biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:2. [PMID: 29497465 PMCID: PMC5828134 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues like bone and cartilage are remodeled dynamically for their functional requirements by signaling pathways. The signals are controlled by the cells and extracellular matrix and transmitted through an electrical and chemical synapse. Scaffold-based tissue engineering therapies largely disturb the natural signaling pathways, due to their rigidity towards signal conduction, despite their therapeutic advantages. Thus, there is a high need of smart biomaterials, which can conveniently generate and transfer the bioelectric signals analogous to native tissues for appropriate physiological functions. Piezoelectric materials can generate electrical signals in response to the applied stress. Furthermore, they can stimulate the signaling pathways and thereby enhance the tissue regeneration at the impaired site. The piezoelectric scaffolds can act as sensitive mechanoelectrical transduction systems. Hence, it is applicable to the regions, where mechanical loads are predominant. The present review is mainly concentrated on the mechanism related to the electrical stimulation in a biological system and the different piezoelectric materials suitable for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaicy Jacob
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
| | - Namdev More
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
| | - Govinda Kapusetti
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
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155
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Mailhiot SE, Codd SL, Brown JR, Seymour JD, June RK. Pulsed gradient stimulated echo (PGStE) NMR shows spatial dependence of fluid diffusion in human stage IV osteoarthritic cartilage. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1170-1177. [PMID: 29393539 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Mailhiot
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.,Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Sarah L Codd
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Joseph D Seymour
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Ronald K June
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.,Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.,Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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156
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Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:264-275. [PMID: 29169959 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). For (b) a post-operatively remaining ACI graft was treated with human IL-10. Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). STATISTICS One way ANOVA analysis with Bonferroni's correction. RESULTS (a) IL-10 stabilized the chondrogenic phenotype after injurious compression and preserved matrix integrity. This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts.
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157
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Gao L, Orth P, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Effects of solid acellular type-I/III collagen biomaterials on in vitro and in vivo chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Expert Rev Med Devices 2018; 14:717-732. [PMID: 28817971 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2017.1368386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type-I/III collagen membranes are advocated for clinical use in articular cartilage repair as being able of inducing chondrogenesis, a technique termed autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC). Area covered: The current in vitro and translational in vivo evidence for chondrogenic effects of solid acellular type-I/III collagen biomaterials. Expert commentary: In vitro, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) adhere to the fibers of the type-I/III collagen membrane. No in vitro study provides evidence that a type-I/III collagen matrix alone may induce chondrogenesis. Few in vitro studies compare the effects of type-I and type-II collagen scaffolds on chondrogenesis. Recent investigations suggest better chondrogenesis with type-II collagen scaffolds. A systematic review of the translational in vivo data identified one long-term study showing that covering of cartilage defects treated by microfracture with a type-I/III collagen membrane significantly enhanced the repair tissue volume compared with microfracture alone. Other in vivo evidence is lacking to suggest either improved histological structure or biomechanical function of the repair tissue. Taken together, there is a paucity of in vitro and preclinical in vivo evidence supporting the concept that solid acellular type-I/III collagen scaffolds may be superior to classical approaches to induce in vitro or in vivo chondrogenesis of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- a Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Orthopädie und Arthroseforschung , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Patrick Orth
- a Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Orthopädie und Arthroseforschung , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- a Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Orthopädie und Arthroseforschung , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- a Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Orthopädie und Arthroseforschung , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
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158
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Krishnasamy P, Hall M, Robbins SR. The role of skeletal muscle in the pathophysiology and management of knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:iv22-iv33. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priathashini Krishnasamy
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW
| | - Michelle Hall
- Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah R Robbins
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW
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159
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Jiang X, Huang X, Jiang T, Zheng L, Zhao J, Zhang X. The role of Sox9 in collagen hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1556-1568. [PMID: 29696285 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sox9 is a transcription factor that regulates chondrogenesis, but its role in the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered by materials is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Jiang
- The College of Stomatology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Xianyuan Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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160
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Wanderling C, Liles J, Davis E, Schmitt D, Statz S, Guler N, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Hopkinson W. Levels of Matrix-Degrading Enzymes and Lubricin in Patients With Degenerative Joint Disease Requiring Arthroplasty. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:41-46. [PMID: 28877607 PMCID: PMC6709591 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617724231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) of the hip or knee (THA and TKA) is the primary surgical intervention for individuals with degenerative joint disease (DJD). Although it is commonly thought that shear force on the joint causes the degradation of articular cartilage, it is possible that there are other factors that contribute to the progression of DJD. It is plausible that specific enzymes that degrade the joint are upregulated, or conversely, there is downregulation of enzymes critical for joint lubrication. The aim of this study is to profile collagenase-1, elastase, heparanase, and lubricin levels in patients undergoing TJA in order to determine potential preexisting dysregulation that contributes to the pathogenesis of DJD. Deidentified blood samples were obtained from patients undergoing TJA 1 day pre- and 1 day postoperatively. Plasma samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for elastase, collagenase-1, heparanase, and lubricin. In comparison to healthy controls, there were significant increases in circulating collagenase-1, elastase, and lubricin levels in both the preoperative and postoperative samples. There were no significant differences in heparanase levels in the preoperative or postoperative samples. Comparing the preoperative versus postoperative patient samples, only lubricin demonstrated a significant change. The results of this study confirm that patients undergoing TJA have preexisting alterations in the levels of matrix-degrading enzymes and lubricin. The alterations observed in this study may provide insight into the pathogenesis of DJD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Liles
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Elissa Davis
- Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Stephen Statz
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Nil Guler
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - William Hopkinson
- Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
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161
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Yao B, Zhang M, Liu M, Wang Q, Liu M, Zhao Y. Sox9 Functions as a Master Regulator of Antler Growth by Controlling Multiple Cell Lineages. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:15-22. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Yao
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Chinese Medicine and Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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162
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Ondrésik M, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Advances for Treatment of Knee OC Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:3-24. [PMID: 29736567 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects are prevalent among young adults and are notorious for being unable to heal. Although they are traumatic in nature, they often develop silently. Detection of many OC defects is challenging, despite the criticality of early care. Current repair approaches face limitations and cannot provide regenerative or long-standing solution. Clinicians and researchers are working together in order to develop approaches that can regenerate the damaged tissues and protect the joint from developing osteoarthritis. The current concepts of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which have brought many promising applications to OC management, are overviewed herein. We will also review the types of stem cells that aim to provide sustainable cell sources overcoming the limitation of autologous chondrocyte-based applications. The various scaffolding materials that can be used as extracellular matrix mimetic and having functional properties similar to the OC unit are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ondrésik
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
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163
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Daghestani HN, Jordan JM, Renner JB, Doherty M, Wilson AG, Kraus VB. Serum N-propeptide of collagen IIA (PIIANP) as a marker of radiographic osteoarthritis burden. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190251. [PMID: 29287118 PMCID: PMC5747482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage homeostasis relies on a balance of catabolism and anabolism of cartilage matrix. Our goal was to evaluate the burden of radiographic osteoarthritis and serum levels of type IIA procollagen amino terminal propeptide (sPIIANP), a biomarker representing type II collagen synthesis, in osteoarthritis. METHODS OA burden was quantified on the basis of radiographic features as total joint faces with an osteophyte, joint space narrowing, or in the spine, disc space narrowing. sPIIANP was measured in 1,235 participants from the Genetics of Generalized Osteoarthritis study using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Separate multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index and additionally for ipsilateral osteophytes or joint/disc space narrowing, were used to assess the independent association of sPIIANP with osteophytes and with joint/disc space narrowing burden in knees, hips, hands and spine, individually and together. RESULTS After full adjustment, sPIIANP was significantly associated with a lesser burden of hip joint space narrowing and knee osteophytes. sPIIANP was associated with a lesser burden of hand joint space narrowing but a greater burden of hand osteophytes; these results were only evident upon adjustment for osteoarthritic features in all other joints. There were no associations of sPIIANP and features of spine osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS Higher cartilage collagen synthesis, as reflected in systemic PIIANP concentrations, was associated with lesser burden of osteoarthritic features in lower extremity joints (knees and hips), even accounting for osteoarthritis burden in hands and spine, age, sex and body mass index. These results suggest that pro-anabolic agents may be appropriate for early treatment to prevent severe lower extremity large joint osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmat N. Daghestani
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jordan B. Renner
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael Doherty
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A. Gerry Wilson
- Conway Institute for Biomolecuar & Biomedical Research University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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164
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Effects of dietary weight loss with and without exercise on interstitial matrix turnover and tissue inflammation biomarkers in adults with knee osteoarthritis: the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis trial (IDEA). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1822-1828. [PMID: 28756278 PMCID: PMC5650925 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of dietary weight loss, with and without exercise, on selected soluble biomarkers in overweight and obese older adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Blood samples were analyzed from 429 participants in the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial randomized to either an 18 month exercise control group (E), weight loss diet (D), or D + E. C1M, C2M, C3M and CRPM biomarkers and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantitated using ELISAs. Radiographic progression was defined as a decrease in joint space width of ≥0.7 mm. Statistical modeling of group means and associations used mixed models adjusted for visit, baseline body mass index (BMI), gender, and baseline values of the outcome. RESULTS Compared to the E control group, C1M was significantly lower in the D and D + E groups at both 6 and 18 months while C3M was significantly lower in D and D + E at 6 months and in D + E at 18 months. C2M did not change in any group. Using data from all groups, change in C1M (P < 0.0001), C3M (P < 0.0001), as well as CRPM (P = 0.0004) from baseline to 18 months was positively associated with change in weight. No marker was associated with change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain or radiographic progression. C3M (P = 0.008) and CRPM (P = 0.028) were positively associated with change in WOMAC function. Change in IL-6 was positively associated with change in C1M, C3M, and CRPM. CONCLUSION Overweight and obese adults with knee OA who lost weight from diet and diet plus exercise reduced serum markers of interstitial matrix turnover and inflammation but not type II collagen degradation.
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165
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Zhou Y, Zimber M, Yuan H, Naughton GK, Fernan R, Li WJ. Effects of Human Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:560-572. [PMID: 27342267 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fate is largely determined by the microenvironment called niche. The extracellular matrix (ECM), as a key component in the niche, is responsible for maintaining structural stability and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and other cellular activities. Each tissue has a unique ECM composition for its needs. Here we investigated the effect of a bioengineered human dermal fibroblast-derived ECM (hECM) on the regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation and multilineage differentiation. Human MSCs were maintained on hECM for two passages followed by the analysis of mRNA expression levels of potency- and lineage-specific markers to determine the capacity of MSC stemness and differentiation, respectively. Mesenchymal stem cells pre-cultured with or without hECM were then induced and analyzed for osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis. Our results showed that compared to MSCs maintained on control culture plates without hECM coating, cells on hECM-coated plates proliferated more rapidly with a higher percentage of cells in S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in an increase in the CD90+/CD105+/CD73+/CD45- subpopulation. In addition, hECM downregulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of hMSCs but significantly upregulated chondrogenesis with increased production of collagen type 2. In sum, our findings suggest that hECM may be used to culture hMSCs for the application of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Huihua Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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166
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Chen K, Yan Y, Li C, Yuan J, Wang F, Huang P, Qian N, Qi J, Zhou H, Zhou Q, Deng L, He C, Guo L. Increased 15-lipoxygenase-1 expression in chondrocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3109. [PMID: 29022900 PMCID: PMC5682676 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) is involved in many pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of 15-LO-1 in osteoarthritis (OA). The levels of 15-LO-1 expression were measured by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR in articular cartilage from the OA rat models and OA patients. To further investigate the effects of 15-LO-1 on chondrocyte functions, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, the release of matrix-degrading enzymes, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell proliferation and apoptosis, we decreased or increased 15-LO-1 expression in chondrocytes by means of transfecting with siRNA targeting 15-LO-1 and plasmid encoding 15-LO-1, respectively. The results showed that 15-LO-1 expression was obviously increased in articular cartilage from OA rats and OA patients. It was also found that many factor-related OA, such as mechanical loading, ROS, SNP and inflammatory factor, significantly promoted 15-LO-1 expression and activity in chondrocytes. Silencing 15-LO-1 was able to markedly alleviate mechanical loading-induced cartilage ECM secretion, cartilage-degrading enzyme secretion and ROS production. Overexpression of 15-LO-1 could inhibit chondrocyte proliferation and induce chondrocyte apoptosis. In addition, reduction of 15-LO-1 in vivo significantly alleviated OA. Taken together, these results indicate that 15-LO-1 has an important role in the disease progression of OA. Thus 15-LO-1 may be a good target for developing drugs in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhe Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niandong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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167
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Luo T, David MA, Dunshee LC, Scott RA, Urello MA, Price C, Kiick KL. Thermoresponsive Elastin-b-Collagen-Like Peptide Bioconjugate Nanovesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Collagen-Containing Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2539-2551. [PMID: 28719196 PMCID: PMC5815509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, (poly)peptide block copolymers have been widely employed in generating well-defined nanostructures as vehicles for targeted drug delivery applications. We previously reported the assembly of thermoresponsive nanoscale vesicles from an elastin-b-collagen-like peptide (ELP-CLP). The vesicles were observed to dissociate at elevated temperatures, despite the LCST-like behavior of the tethered ELP domain, which is suggested to be triggered by the unfolding of the CLP domain. Here, the potential of using the vesicles as drug delivery vehicles for targeting collagen-containing matrices is evaluated. The sustained release of an encapsulated model drug was achieved over a period of 3 weeks, following which complete release could be triggered via heating. The ELP-CLP vesicles show strong retention on a collagen substrate, presumably through collagen triple helix interactions. Cell viability and proliferation studies using fibroblasts and chondrocytes suggest that the vesicles are highly cytocompatible. Additionally, essentially no activation of a macrophage-like cell line is observed, suggesting that the vesicles do not initiate an inflammatory response. Endowed with thermally controlled delivery, the ability to bind collagen, and excellent cytocompatibility, these ELP-CLP nanovesicles are suggested to have significant potential in the controlled delivery of drugs to collagen-containing matrices and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Michael A. David
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Lucas C. Dunshee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Morgan A. Urello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Christopher Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
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168
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Sanchez C, Bay-Jensen AC, Pap T, Dvir-Ginzberg M, Quasnichka H, Barrett-Jolley R, Mobasheri A, Henrotin Y. Chondrocyte secretome: a source of novel insights and exploratory biomarkers of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1199-1209. [PMID: 28232143 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage is comprised of complex networks of proteins and glycoproteins, all of which are expressed by its resident cell, the chondrocyte. Cartilage is a unique tissue given its complexity and ability to resist repeated load and deformation. The mechanisms by which articular cartilage maintains its integrity throughout our lifetime is not fully understood, however there are numerous regulatory pathways known to govern ECM turnover in response to mechanical stimuli. To further our understanding of this field, we envision that proteomic analysis of the secretome will provide information on how the chondrocyte remodels the surrounding ECM in response to load, in addition to providing information on the metabolic state of the cell. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent mass spectrometry-based proteomic discoveries in healthy and diseased cartilage and chondrocytes, to facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers linked to degenerative pathologies, such as osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanchez
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Belgium; The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery.
| | - A-C Bay-Jensen
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery; Department of Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - T Pap
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery; Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Domagkstrasse 3, D-48149, Munster, Germany.
| | - M Dvir-Ginzberg
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery; Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - H Quasnichka
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery; Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - R Barrett-Jolley
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery; Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - A Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery; Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Duke of Kent Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Y Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Belgium; The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery.
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169
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More N, Kapusetti G. Piezoelectric material - A promising approach for bone and cartilage regeneration. Med Hypotheses 2017; 108:10-16. [PMID: 29055380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone and cartilage are major weight-bearing connective tissues in human and possesses utmost vulnerability for degeneration. The potential causes are mechanical trauma, cancer and disease condition like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, etc. The regeneration/repair is a challenging, since their complex structures and activities. Current treatment options comprise of auto graft, allograft, artificial bone substituent, autologous chondrocyte implantation, mosaicplasty, marrow stimulation and tissue engineering. Were incompetent to overcome the problem like abandoned growth factor degradation, indistinct growth factor dose and lack of integrity and mechanical properties in regenerated tissues. Present, paper focuses on the novel hypothesis for regeneration of bone and cartilage by using piezoelectric smart property of scaffold material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev More
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Govinda Kapusetti
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
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170
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Combined effects of oscillating hydrostatic pressure, perfusion and encapsulation in a novel bioreactor for enhancing extracellular matrix synthesis by bovine chondrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:179-193. [PMID: 28687928 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of combined shear stress and oscillating hydrostatic pressure (OHP), two forms of physical forces experienced by articular cartilage (AC) in vivo, on chondrogenesis, is investigated in a unique bioreactor system. Our system introduces a single reaction chamber design that does not require transfer of constructs after seeding to a second chamber for applying the mechanical forces, and, as such, biochemical and mechanical stimuli can be applied in combination. The biochemical and mechanical properties of bovine articular chondrocytes encapsulated in agarose scaffolds cultured in our bioreactors for 21 days are compared to cells statically cultured in agarose scaffolds in addition to static micromass and pellet cultures. Our findings indicate that glycosaminoglycan and collagen secretions were enhanced by at least 1.6-fold with scaffold encapsulation, 5.9-fold when adding 0.02 Pa of shear stress and 7.6-fold with simultaneous addition of 4 MPa of OHP when compared to micromass samples. Furthermore, shear stress and OHP have chondroprotective effects as evidenced by lower mRNA expression of β1 integrin and collagen X to non-detectable levels and an absence of collagen I upregulation as observed in micromass controls. These collective results are further supported by better mechanical properties as indicated by 1.6-19.8-fold increases in elastic moduli measured by atomic force microscopy.
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171
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Reese SP, Farhang N, Poulson R, Parkman G, Weiss JA. Nanoscale Imaging of Collagen Gels with Focused Ion Beam Milling and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Biophys J 2017; 111:1797-1804. [PMID: 27760365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro polymerized type I collagen hydrogels have been used extensively as a model system for three-dimensional (3D) cell and tissue culture, studies of fibrillogenesis, and investigation of multiscale force transmission within connective tissues. The nanoscale organization of collagen fibrils plays an essential role in the mechanics of these gels and emergent cellular behavior in culture, yet quantifying 3D structure with nanoscale resolution to fully characterize fibril organization remains a significant technical challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that a new imaging modality, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), can be used to generate 3D image datasets for visualizing and quantifying complex nanoscale organization and morphometry in collagen gels. We polymerized gels at a number of concentrations and conditions commonly used for in vitro models, stained and embedded the samples, and performed FIB-SEM imaging. The resulting image data had a voxel size of 25 nm, which is the highest resolution 3D data of a collagen fibril network ever obtained for collagen gels. This resolution was essential for discerning individual fibrils, fibril paths, and their branching and grouping. The resulting volumetric images revealed that polymerization conditions have a significant impact on the complex fibril morphology of the gels. We segmented the fibril network and demonstrated that individual collagen fibrils can be tracked in 3D space, providing quantitative analysis of network descriptors such as fibril diameter distribution, length, branch points, and fibril aggregations. FIB-SEM 3D reconstructions showed considerably less lateral grouping and overlap of fibrils than standard 2D SEM images, likely due to artifacts in SEM introduced by dehydration. This study demonstrates the utility of FIB-SEM for 3D imaging of collagen gels and quantitative analysis of 3D fibril networks. We anticipate that the method will see application in future studies of structure-function relationships in collagen gels as well as native collagenous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Reese
- Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Randy Poulson
- Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gennie Parkman
- Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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172
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Ramponi L, Yasui Y, Murawski CD, Ferkel RD, DiGiovanni CW, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Calder JDF, Takao M, Vannini F, Choi WJ, Lee JW, Stone J, Kennedy JG. Lesion Size Is a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes After Bone Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:1698-1705. [PMID: 27852595 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516668292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical lesion size treated with bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) has been 150 mm2 in area or 15 mm in diameter. However, recent investigations have failed to detect a significant correlation between the lesion size and clinical outcomes after BMS for OLTs. PURPOSE To systematically review clinical studies reporting both the lesion size and clinical outcomes after BMS for OLTs. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A systematic search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed in March 2015 based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Included studies were evaluated with regard to the level of evidence (LOE), quality of evidence (QOE), lesion size, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-five studies with 1868 ankles were included; 88% were either LOE 3 or 4, and 96% did not have good QOE. The mean area was 103.8 ± 10.2 mm2 in 20 studies, and the mean diameter was 10.0 ± 3.2 mm in 5 studies. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from 62.4 ± 7.9 preoperatively to 83.9 ± 9.2 at a mean 54.1-month follow-up in 14 studies reporting both preoperative and postoperative scores with a mean follow-up of more than 2 years. A significant correlation was found in 3 studies, with a mean lesion area of 107.4 ± 10.4 mm2, while none was reported in 8 studies, with a mean lesion area of 85.3 ± 9.2 mm2. The lesion diameter significantly correlated with clinical outcomes in 2 studies (mean diameter, 10.2 ± 3.2 mm), whereas none was found in 2 studies (mean diameter, 8.8 ± 0.0 mm). However, the reported lesion size measurement method and evaluation method of clinical outcomes widely varied among the studies. CONCLUSION An assessment of the currently available data does suggest that BMS may best be reserved for OLT sizes less than 107.4 mm2 in area and/or 10.2 mm in diameter. Future development in legitimate prognostic size guidelines based on high-quality evidence that correlate with outcomes will surely provide patients with the best potential for successful long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youichi Yasui
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher D Murawski
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard D Ferkel
- Southern California Orthopedic Institute, Van Nuys, California, USA
| | - Christopher W DiGiovanni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Masato Takao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Woo Jin Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - James Stone
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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173
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Mueller AJ, Canty-Laird EG, Clegg PD, Tew SR. Cross-species gene modules emerge from a systems biology approach to osteoarthritis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017. [PMID: 28649440 PMCID: PMC5460168 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexities in degenerative disorders, such as osteoarthritis, arise from multiscale biological, environmental, and temporal perturbations. Animal models serve to provide controlled representations of the natural history of degenerative disorders, but in themselves represent an additional layer of complexity. Comparing transcriptomic networks arising from gene co-expression data across species can facilitate an understanding of the preservation of functional gene modules and establish associations with disease phenotypes. This study demonstrates the preservation of osteoarthritis-associated gene modules, described by immune system and system development processes, across human and rat studies. Class prediction analysis establishes a minimal gene signature, including the expression of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor ARHGDIB, which consistently defined healthy human cartilage from osteoarthritic cartilage in an independent data set. The age of human clinical samples remains a strong confounder in defining the underlying gene regulatory mechanisms in osteoarthritis; however, defining preserved gene models across species may facilitate standardization of animal models of osteoarthritis to better represent human disease and control for ageing phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan James Mueller
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - Elizabeth G Canty-Laird
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon R Tew
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
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174
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In vitro fibrillogenesis of tropocollagen type III in collagen type I affects its relative fibrillar topology and mechanics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1392. [PMID: 28469139 PMCID: PMC5431193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropocollagen types I and III were simultaneously fibrilized in vitro, and the differences between the geometric and mechanical properties of the heterotypic fibrils with different mixing ratios of tropocollagen III to I were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the simultaneous presence of both tropocollagen types within the heterotypic fibrils. The incorporation of collagen III in I caused the fibrils to be thinner with a shorter D-banding than pure collagen I. Hertzian contact model was used to obtain the elastic moduli from atomic force microscope indentation testing using a force volume analysis. The results indicated that an increase in the percentage of tropocollagen III reduced the mechanical stiffness of the obtained fibrils. The mechanical stiffness of the collagen fibrils was found to be greater at higher loading frequencies. This observation might explain the dominance of collagen III over I in soft distensible organs such as human vocal folds.
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175
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Camarero-Espinosa S, Cooper-White J. Tailoring biomaterial scaffolds for osteochondral repair. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:476-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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176
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Akkiraju H, Srinivasan PP, Xu X, Jia X, Safran CBK, Nohe A. CK2.1, a bone morphogenetic protein receptor type Ia mimetic peptide, repairs cartilage in mice with destabilized medial meniscus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:82. [PMID: 28420447 PMCID: PMC5395786 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee involves degeneration of articular cartilage of the diarthrodial joints. Current treatment options temporarily relieve the joint pain but do not restore the lost cartilage. We recently designed a novel bone morphogenetic protein receptor type I (BMPRI) mimetic peptide, CK2.1, that activates BMPRIa signaling in the absence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Our previous research demonstrated that CK2.1 induced chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo; however, it is unknown if CK2.1 restores damaged articular cartilage in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that CK2.1 induced articular cartilage (AC) repair in an OA mouse model. METHODS We designed hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel particles (HGPs) that slowly release CK2.1. HGP-CK2.1 particles were tested for chondrogenic potency on pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10T1/2 cells) and locally injected into the intra-articular capsule in mice with cartilage defects. C57BL/6J mice were operated on to destabilize the medial meniscus and these mice were kept for 6 weeks after surgery to sustain OA-like damage. Mice were then injected via the intra-articular capsule with HGP-CK2.1; 4 weeks after injection the mice were sacrificed and their femurs were analyzed for cartilage defects. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of the cartilage demonstrated complete repair of the AC compared to sham-operated mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed collagen type IX production along with collagen type II in the AC of mice injected with HGP-CK2.1. Mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and HGP alone had greater collagen type X and osteocalcin production, in sharp contrast to those injected with HGP-CK2.1, indicating increased chondrocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the slow release HGP-CK2.1 drives cartilage repair without the induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy. The peptide CK2.1 could be a powerful tool in understanding the signaling pathways contributing to the repair process, and also may be used as a potential therapeutic for treating degenerative cartilage diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Akkiraju
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Xian Xu
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Present address: NAL Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Monmouth Junction, NJ, 08852, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | | | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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177
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Fields M, Spencer N, Dudhia J, McMillan PF. Structural changes in cartilage and collagen studied by high temperature Raman spectroscopy. Biopolymers 2017; 107. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fields
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Spencer
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 9QQ United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA United Kingdom
| | - Paul F. McMillan
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ United Kingdom
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178
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Hughes A, Oxford AE, Tawara K, Jorcyk CL, Oxford JT. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Cartilage Pathophysiology; Contributing Factors to Apoptosis and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030665. [PMID: 28335520 PMCID: PMC5372677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes of the growth plate undergo apoptosis during the process of endochondral ossification, as well as during the progression of osteoarthritis. Although the regulation of this process is not completely understood, alterations in the precisely orchestrated programmed cell death during development can have catastrophic results, as exemplified by several chondrodystrophies which are frequently accompanied by early onset osteoarthritis. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie chondrocyte apoptosis during endochondral ossification in the growth plate has the potential to impact the development of therapeutic applications for chondrodystrophies and associated early onset osteoarthritis. In recent years, several chondrodysplasias and collagenopathies have been recognized as protein-folding diseases that lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, and the unfolded protein response. Under conditions of prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress in which the protein folding load outweighs the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum, cellular dysfunction and death often occur. However, unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling is also required for the normal maturation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Understanding how UPR signaling may contribute to cartilage pathophysiology is an essential step toward therapeutic modulation of skeletal disorders that lead to osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Alexandra E Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Ken Tawara
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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179
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Luo Y, Sinkeviciute D, He Y, Karsdal M, Henrotin Y, Mobasheri A, Önnerfjord P, Bay-Jensen A. The minor collagens in articular cartilage. Protein Cell 2017; 8:560-572. [PMID: 28213717 PMCID: PMC5546929 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a connective tissue consisting of a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that dominates the bulk of its wet and dry weight. Type II collagen and aggrecan are the main ECM proteins in cartilage. However, little attention has been paid to less abundant molecular components, especially minor collagens, including type IV, VI, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, and XIV, etc. Although accounting for only a small fraction of the mature matrix, these minor collagens not only play essential structural roles in the mechanical properties, organization, and shape of articular cartilage, but also fulfil specific biological functions. Genetic studies of these minor collagens have revealed that they are associated with multiple connective tissue diseases, especially degenerative joint disease. The progressive destruction of cartilage involves the degradation of matrix constituents including these minor collagens. The generation and release of fragmented molecules could generate novel biochemical markers with the capacity to monitor disease progression, facilitate drug development and add to the existing toolbox for in vitro studies, preclinical research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Luo
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark. .,Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dovile Sinkeviciute
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yi He
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Karsdal
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Bay-Jensen
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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180
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Zhang P. Ginsenoside‑Rg5 treatment inhibits apoptosis of chondrocytes and degradation of cartilage matrix in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1497-1502. [PMID: 28112382 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of ginsenoside‑Rg5 on the degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis rat model and on induction of chondrocyte apoptosis. Osteoarthritis rat model was prepared by ligament transection and medial meniscus resection. The rats were then treated with different doses (1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 µM) of ginsenoside‑Rg5 for 48 h. The results from histopathological analysis revealed a significant (P=0.005) prevention of cartilage degradation in OA rat model by ginsenoside‑Rg5 treatment at 15 µM. Ginsenoside‑Rg5 treatment prevented the disintegration of synovial membrane to a significant (P=0.005) extent. The proportion of apoptotic cells in the knee joints was reduced to 7% by ginsenoside‑Rg5 treatment after one month compared to the control. Treatment of the rats with ginsenoside‑Rg5 caused increase in the levels of proteoglycan, collagen and type II collagen by 5-, 3- and 4-fold compared to the control group. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the level of MMP-13 was reduced to 45% and that of TIMP‑1 was increased by 67% on treatment with ginsenoside‑Rg5. The levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthetase were reduced by 67, 54, 32 ad 49%, respectively after one month of treatment with 15 mg/kg dose of ginsenoside‑Rg5. The expression was increased to 67 and 52% for BMP-2 and TGF-β1, respectively on treatment with ginsenoside‑Rg5. Thus ginsenoside‑Rg5 prevents cartilage degradation in the OA rats and inhibits cartilage apoptosis, therefore it can be used for osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- The Disease Prevention Center of Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province, Nanyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
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181
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Reimann S, Schneider T, Welker P, Neumann F, Licha K, Schulze-Tanzil G, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P, Haag R. Dendritic polyglycerol anions for the selective targeting of native and inflamed articular cartilage. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4754-4767. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dye-conjugated polyanions show high affinities toward native and inflamed cartilage dependent on the anionic moiety and the condition of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Reimann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institute of Anatomy
- General Hospital Nuremberg
- Paracelsus Medical University
- 90419 Nuremberg
- Germany
| | - Pia Welker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- 10115 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Kai Licha
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy
- General Hospital Nuremberg
- Paracelsus Medical University
- 90419 Nuremberg
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomaterials
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomaterials
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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182
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Hastar N, Arslan E, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. Peptide-Based Materials for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:155-166. [PMID: 29081053 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cartilaginous tissue requires structural and metabolic support after traumatic or chronic injuries because of its limited capacity for regeneration. However, current techniques for cartilage regeneration are either invasive or ineffective for long-term repair. Developing alternative approaches to regenerate cartilage tissue is needed. Therefore, versatile scaffolds formed by biomaterials are promising tools for cartilage regeneration. Bioactive scaffolds further enhance the utility in a broad range of applications including the treatment of major cartilage defects. This chapter provides an overview of cartilage tissue, tissue defects, and the methods used for regeneration, with emphasis on peptide scaffold materials that can be used to supplement or replace current medical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Hastar
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Elif Arslan
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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183
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Fellows CR, Matta C, Zakany R, Khan IM, Mobasheri A. Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. Front Genet 2016; 7:213. [PMID: 28066501 PMCID: PMC5167763 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required and mesenchymal stem cell-based (MSC) therapies are an expanding area of investigation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and exerting paracrine effects. Due to their easy isolation, expansion, and low immunogenicity, MSCs are an attractive option for regenerative medicine for joint repair. Recent studies have identified several MSC tissue reservoirs including in adipose tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, periosteum, and muscle. MSCs isolated from these discrete tissue niches exhibit distinct biological activities, and have enhanced regenerative potentials for different tissue types. Each MSC type has advantages and disadvantages for cartilage repair and their use in a clinical setting is a balance between expediency and effectiveness. In this review we explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using MSC-based cell therapies and provide an overview of phenotype, biological activities, and functional properties for each MSC population. This paper also specifically explores the therapeutic potential of each type of MSC, particularly focusing on which cells are capable of producing stratified hyaline-like articular cartilage regeneration. Finally we highlight areas for future investigation. Given that patients present with a variety of problems it is unlikely that cartilage regeneration will be a simple "one size fits all," but more likely an array of solutions that need to be applied systematically to achieve regeneration of a biomechanically competent repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csaba Matta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Roza Zakany
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilyas M. Khan
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical CentreNottingham, UK
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
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184
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Insights on Molecular Mechanisms of Chondrocytes Death in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122146. [PMID: 27999417 PMCID: PMC5187946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint pathology characterized by progressive cartilage degradation. Medical care is mainly based on alleviating pain symptoms. Compelling studies report the presence of empty lacunae and hypocellularity in cartilage with aging and OA progression, suggesting that chondrocyte cell death occurs and participates to OA development. However, the relative contribution of apoptosis per se in OA pathogenesis appears complex to evaluate. Indeed, depending on technical approaches, OA stages, cartilage layers, animal models, as well as in vivo or in vitro experiments, the percentage of apoptosis and cell death types can vary. Apoptosis, chondroptosis, necrosis, and autophagic cell death are described in this review. The question of cell death causality in OA progression is also addressed, as well as the molecular pathways leading to cell death in response to the following inducers: Fas, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, nitric oxide (NO) donors, and mechanical stresses. Furthermore, the protective role of autophagy in chondrocytes is highlighted, as well as its decline during OA progression, enhancing chondrocyte cell death; the transition being mainly controlled by HIF-1α/HIF-2α imbalance. Finally, we have considered whether interfering in chondrocyte apoptosis or promoting autophagy could constitute therapeutic strategies to impede OA progression.
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185
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Xia Y, Momot KI, Chen Z, Chen CT, Kahn D, Badar F. Introduction to Cartilage. BIOPHYSICS AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF CARTILAGE BY NMR AND MRI 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623663-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage is a supporting connective tissue that, together with the bone, forms the framework supporting the body as a whole. There are many distinct types of cartilage, which exhibit numerous similarities as well as differences. Among them, articular cartilage is the best known and the most studied type. Articular cartilage is the thin layer of connective tissue that covers the articulating ends of bones in synovial (diarthrodial) joints. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement and acts as a load-bearing medium that protects the bone and distributes stress. The intense interest in articular cartilage is motivated by the critical role its degradation plays in arthritis and related joint diseases, which are the number one cause of disability in humans. This chapter discusses the physical, chemical and cellular properties of cartilage that give the tissue its extraordinary load-bearing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University Rochester MI 48309 USA
| | - Konstantin I. Momot
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University Rochester MI 48309 USA
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Christopher T. Chen
- Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research / Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - David Kahn
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University Rochester MI 48309 USA
| | - Farid Badar
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University Rochester MI 48309 USA
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186
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Mačiulaitis J, Rekštytė S, Ūsas A, Jankauskaitė V, Gudas R, Malinauskas M, Mačiulaitis R. Characterization of tissue engineered cartilage products: Recent developments in advanced therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:823-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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187
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Ondrésik M, Azevedo Maia FR, da Silva Morais A, Gertrudes AC, Dias Bacelar AH, Correia C, Gonçalves C, Radhouani H, Amandi Sousa R, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Management of knee osteoarthritis. Current status and future trends. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:717-739. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ondrésik
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Fatima R. Azevedo Maia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Ana C. Gertrudes
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Ana H. Dias Bacelar
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Cristina Correia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gonçalves
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Hajer Radhouani
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Rui Amandi Sousa
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA; Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas Guimaraes Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimaraes Portugal
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188
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Finnøy A, Olstad K, Lilledahl MB. Second harmonic generation imaging reveals a distinct organization of collagen fibrils in locations associated with cartilage growth. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:374-87. [PMID: 27215664 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1190348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) is responsible for the expansion of the bone ends and serves the function of the articular cartilage in juvenile mammals. Bundles of collagen fibrils surrounding cells were in the literature observed more frequently near the articular surface of the AECC. The articular surface, the perichondrium, and cartilage canals are interfaces where appositional growth of the AECC has been demonstrated. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of second harmonic generation (SHG) to locate the collagen fibril bundles near the articular surface and to examine whether a comparable collagen fibril organization could be observed near the other interfaces of the AECC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included the femoral condyle of four piglets aged 82-141 days. The forward and backward scattered SHG, and their ratio, was analyzed across the AECC using objectives with different numerical aperture. Two-photon-excited fluorescence was used to visualize cells. RESULTS A similar pattern of collagen fibril organization was observed near the articular surface, around cartilage canals, and adjacent to the perichondrium. The pattern consisted of a higher ratio of forward to backward scattered SHG that increased relative to the surrounding matrix at lower numerical aperture. This was interpreted to reflect collagen fibril bundles in the territorial matrix of cells in these areas. CONCLUSIONS The observed arrangement of collagen fibrils was suggested to be related to the presumed different growth activity in these areas and indicated that SHG may be used as an indirect and label-free marker for cartilage matrix growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Finnøy
- a Department of Physics , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Kristin Olstad
- b Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Magnus B Lilledahl
- a Department of Physics , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
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189
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Osteopontin Promotes Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 through NF- κB Signaling in Osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6345656. [PMID: 27656654 PMCID: PMC5021466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6345656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is associated with the severity and progression of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the mechanism of OPN in the pathogenesis of OA is unknown. In this study, we found that OA patients had higher abundance of OPN and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). In chondrocytes, we showed that OPN promoted the production of MMP13 and activation of NF-κB pathway by increasing the abundance of p65 and phosphorylated p65 and translocation of p65 protein from cytoplasm to nucleus. Notably, inhibition of NF-κB pathway by inhibitor suppressed the production of MMP13 induced by OPN treatment. In conclusion, OPN induces production of MMP13 through activation of NF-κB pathway.
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190
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Han Y, Kim SJ. Simvastatin induces differentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes via the ERK-1/2 and p38 kinase pathways. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:198-205. [PMID: 27475840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins are competitive inhibitors of hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a key enzyme involved in the conversion of HMG-CoA to the cholesterol precursor mevalonate. Some statins, such as simvastatin (simvastatin), have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing cartilage degradation in osteoarthritic rabbits in vivo. However, the regulatory mechanisms undergirding simvastatin mediated chondrocyte differentiation have not been well elucidated. Thus, we investigated the action and mechanism of simvastatin on differentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes through western blot analyses, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Simvastatin treatment was found to induce type II collagen expression and sulfated-proteoglycan synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Indeed, RT-PCR revealed increased expression of type II collagen on treatment with simvastatin. Both IHC and IF staining indicated differentiation of chondrocytes. Simvastatin treatment reduced activation of ERK-1/2 and stimulated activation of p38 kinase. Inhibition of ERK-1/2 with PD98059 enhanced simvastatin induced differentiation, whereas inhibition of p38 kinase with SB203580 inhibited simvastatin induced differentiation. Simvastatin treatment also inhibits loss of type II collagen in serial monolayer culture. Collectively, our results indicate that ERK-1/2 and p38 kinase regulate simvastatin-induced differentiation of chondrocytes in opposing manners. Thus, these findings suggest that simvastatin may be a potential therapeutic drug for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Daehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Daehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
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191
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Peng G, McNary SM, Athanasiou KA, Reddi AH. Superficial Zone Extracellular Matrix Extracts Enhance Boundary Lubrication of Self-Assembled Articular Cartilage. Cartilage 2016; 7:256-64. [PMID: 27375841 PMCID: PMC4918063 DOI: 10.1177/1947603515612190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous work has shown that increasing the production of boundary lubricant, superficial zone protein (SZP), did not reduce the friction coefficient of self-assembled articular cartilage constructs and was possibly due to poor retention of the lubricant. The aim of this investigation was to reduce the friction coefficient of self-assembled articular cartilage constructs through enhancing SZP retention by the exogenous addition of extracellular matrix (ECM) extracted from the superficial zone of native articular cartilage. DESIGN Superficial zone cartilage was shaved from juvenile bovine femoral condyles using a dermatome, minced finely with razor blades, extracted with 4 M guanidine-hydrochloride, buffer exchanged with culture medium, and added directly to the culture medium of self-assembled articular cartilage constructs at low (10 µg/mL) and high (100 µg/mL) concentrations for 4 weeks. Biochemical and biomechanical properties were determined at the conclusion of 4 weeks culture. RESULTS ECM treatment increased compressive and tensile stiffness of self-assembled articular cartilage constructs and decreased the friction coefficient. Glycosaminoglycan content decreased and collagen content increased significantly in self-assembled constructs by the ECM treatment. CONCLUSIONS Friction coefficients of self-assembled articular cartilage constructs were reduced by adding extracted superficial zone ECM into the culture medium of self-assembled articular cartilage constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Peng
- Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sean M. McNary
- Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
- Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A. Hari Reddi
- Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,A. Hari Reddi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research Building I, Room 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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192
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Tiku ML, Madhan B. Preserving the longevity of long-lived type II collagen and its implication for cartilage therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:62-71. [PMID: 27133944 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human life expectancy has been steadily increasing at a rapid rate, but this increasing life span also brings about increases in diseases, dementia, and disability. A global burden of disease 2010 study revealed that hip and knee osteoarthritis ranked the 11th highest in terms of years lived with disability. Wear and tear can greatly influence the quality of life during ageing. In particular, wear and tear of the articular cartilage have adverse effects on joints and result in osteoarthritis. The articular cartilage uses longevity of type II collagen as the foundation around which turnover of proteoglycans and the homeostatic activity of chondrocytes play central roles thereby maintaining the function of articular cartilage in the ageing. The longevity of type II collagen involves a complex interaction of the scaffolding needs of the cartilage and its biochemical, structural and mechanical characteristics. The covalent cross-linking of heterotypic polymers of collagens type II, type IX and type XI hold together cartilage, allowing it to withstand ageing stresses. Discerning the biological clues in the armamentarium for preserving cartilage appears to be collagen cross-linking. Therapeutic methods to crosslink in in-vivo are non-existent. However intra-articular injections of polyphenols in vivo stabilize the cartilage and make it resistant to degradation, opening a new therapeutic possibility for prevention and intervention of cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti L Tiku
- Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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193
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Bartnikowski M, Akkineni AR, Gelinsky M, Woodruff MA, Klein TJ. A Hydrogel Model Incorporating 3D-Plotted Hydroxyapatite for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E285. [PMID: 28773410 PMCID: PMC5502978 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The concept of biphasic or multi-layered compound scaffolds has been explored within numerous studies in the context of cartilage and osteochondral regeneration. To date, no system has been identified that stands out in terms of superior chondrogenesis, osteogenesis or the formation of a zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC). Herein we present a 3D plotted scaffold, comprising an alginate and hydroxyapatite paste, cast within a photocrosslinkable hydrogel made of gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA), or GelMA with hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA). We hypothesized that this combination of 3D plotting and hydrogel crosslinking would form a high fidelity, cell supporting structure that would allow localization of hydroxyapatite to the deepest regions of the structure whilst taking advantage of hydrogel photocrosslinking. We assessed this preliminary design in terms of chondrogenesis in culture with human articular chondrocytes, and verified whether the inclusion of hydroxyapatite in the form presented had any influence on the formation of the ZCC. Whilst the inclusion of HAMA resulted in a better chondrogenic outcome, the effect of HAP was limited. We overall demonstrated that formation of such compound structures is possible, providing a foundation for future work. The development of cohesive biphasic systems is highly relevant for current and future cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bartnikowski
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Ashwini Rahul Akkineni
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden D-01307, Germany.
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden D-01307, Germany.
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Travis J Klein
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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194
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Vikingsson L, Antolinos-Turpin C, Gómez-Tejedor J, Gallego Ferrer G, Gómez Ribelles J. Prediction of the “in vivo” mechanical behavior of biointegrable acrylic macroporous scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:651-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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195
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Camarero-Espinosa S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Foster EJ, Weder C. Articular cartilage: from formation to tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:734-67. [PMID: 26923076 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, poro-viscoelastic connective tissue that serves as friction-reducing and load-bearing cushion in synovial joints and is vital for mammalian skeletal movements. Due to its avascular nature, low cell density, low proliferative activity and the tendency of chondrocytes to de-differentiate, cartilage cannot regenerate after injury, wear and tear, or degeneration through common diseases such as osteoarthritis. Therefore severe damage usually requires surgical intervention. Current clinical strategies to generate new tissue include debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, and mosaicplasty. While articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered, it proved to be challenging to reproduce the complex architecture and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Despite significant research efforts, only a limited number of studies have evolved up to the clinical trial stage. This review article summarizes the current state of cartilage tissue engineering in the context of relevant biological aspects, such as the formation and growth of hyaline cartilage, its composition, structure and biomechanical properties. Special attention is given to materials development, scaffold designs, fabrication methods, and template-cell interactions, which are of great importance to the structure and functionality of the engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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196
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Di Luca A, Longoni A, Criscenti G, Lorenzo-Moldero I, Klein-Gunnewiek M, Vancso J, van Blitterswijk C, Mota C, Moroni L. Surface energy and stiffness discrete gradients in additive manufactured scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Biofabrication 2016; 8:015014. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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197
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Barnes AL, Genever PG, Rimmer S, Coles MC. Collagen-Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels with Tunable Properties. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:723-34. [PMID: 26686360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of hydrogel materials whose properties can be tuned at the point of use. Biological hydrogels, such as collagen, gelate at physiological temperatures; however, they are not always ideal as scaffolds because of their low mechanical strength. Their mechanics can be improved through cross-linking and chemical modification, but these methods still require further synthesis. We have demonstrated that by combining collagen with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), the mechanical properties can be improved while maintaining cytocompatibility. Furthermore, different concentrations of this polymer led to a range of hydrogels with shear moduli ranging from 10(5) Pa down to less than 10(2) Pa, similar to the soft tissues in the body. In addition to variable mechanical properties, the hydrogel blends have a range of micron-scale structures and porosities, which caused adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) to adopt different morphologies when encapsulated within and may therefore be able to direct cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Barnes
- Department of Biology, University of York , York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York , York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York , York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Rimmer
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Bradford , Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York , York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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198
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Shim JH, Jang KM, Hahn SK, Park JY, Jung H, Oh K, Park KM, Yeom J, Park SH, Kim SW, Wang JH, Kim K, Cho DW. Three-dimensional bioprinting of multilayered constructs containing human mesenchymal stromal cells for osteochondral tissue regeneration in the rabbit knee joint. Biofabrication 2016; 8:014102. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/014102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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199
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Maepa M, Razwinani M, Motaung S. Effects of resveratrol on collagen type II protein in the superficial and middle zone chondrocytes of porcine articular cartilage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:25-33. [PMID: 26647105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Resveratrol (RSV) was first isolated in 1940 from the roots of white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum (Maxim. ex Miq) O. Loes) and in 1963 from the roots of Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.). These species have been used traditionally to treat arthritis, gout or inflammation. RSV (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin compound found in various plants, such as grape vines, berries, peanuts, seeds and roots; the highest concentration is in the skin of red grapes. This component of red wine has potent anti-inflammatory properties and may reduce the side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are currently used for pain amelioration in osteoarthritis (OA). In early degeneration of articular cartilage, which may lead to OA there is a loss of the tensile properties, indicative of damage to the fibrillar network. Damage to this fibrillar meshwork, made up of primarily collagen type II (90-95%), may be a critical event in the pathology of many arthritides, due in part to the very slow rate of collagen turnover within the cartilage. Collagen type II is the pre-dominant protein of the cartilage middle zone matrix mainly responsible for tensile strength of articular cartilage. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of RSV on the expression of collagen type II from the superficial and middle zone chondrocytes of porcine articular cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine articular chondrocytes were isolated from the superficial and middle zone of articular cartilage, cultured as monolayers in serum-free chemically defined medium for four days. Effects of RSV on porcine articular chondrocytes were studied by assessing expression of collagen type II mRNA by RT-PCR and protein levels of collagen type II by ELISA; as well as localisation of collagen type II on cartilage tissue sections using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS RSV significantly stimulated the expression of collagen type II at the mRNA and protein levels in the superficial and middle zone. Immunohistochemistry revealed that collagen type II was present along the whole cartilage tissue sections. The staining was strong in the superficial zone, mild in the middle zone and less around hypertrophic chondrocytes in the deep zone. Histological analysis confirmed that cartilage slices were obtained from specific articular cartilage zones. CONCLUSION This study revealed the importance of RSV in the regulation of collagen type II protein in different zones of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makwese Maepa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Mapula Razwinani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Shirley Motaung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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200
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Shi S, Wang C, Acton AJ, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Role of sox9 in growth factor regulation of articular chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1391-400. [PMID: 25708223 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenic polypeptide growth factors influence articular chondrocyte functions that are required for articular cartilage repair. Sox9 is a transcription factor that regulates chondrogenesis, but its role in the growth factor regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis is poorly understood. We tested the hypotheses that selected chondrogenic growth factors regulate sox9 gene expression and protein production by adult articular chondrocytes and that sox9 modulates the actions of these growth factors. To test these hypotheses, we delivered insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and/or bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), or their respective transgenes to adult bovine articular chondrocytes, and measured changes in sox9 gene expression and protein production. We then knocked down sox9 gene expression with sox9 siRNA, and measured changes in the expression of the genes encoding aggrecan and types I and II collagen, and in the production of glycosaminoglycan, collagen and DNA. We found that FGF-2 or the combination of IGF-I, BMP-2, and BMP-7 increased sox9 gene expression and protein production and that sox9 knockdown modulated growth factor actions in a complex fashion that differed both with growth factors and with chondrocyte function. The data suggest that sox9 mediates the stimulation of matrix production by the combined growth factors and the stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation by FGF-2. The mitogenic effect of the combined growth factors and the catabolic effect of FGF-2 appear to involve sox9-independent mechanisms. Control of these molecular mechanisms may contribute to the treatment of cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5111
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5111
| | - Anthony J Acton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5111
| | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5111
| | - Stephen B Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5111.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5111
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