151
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Development of a cell-based assay measuring the activation of FcγRIIa for the characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95787. [PMID: 24752341 PMCID: PMC3994145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the important mechanisms of action of the targeting of tumor cells by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Among the human Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), FcγRIIIa is well known as the only receptor expressed in natural killer (NK) cells, and it plays a pivotal role in ADCC by IgG1-subclass mAbs. In addition, the contributions of FcγRIIa to mAb-mediated cytotoxicity have been reported. FcγRIIa is expressed in myeloid effector cells including neutrophils and macrophages, and it is involved in the activation of these effector cells. However, the measurement of the cytotoxicity via FcγRIIa-expressing effector cells is complicated and inconvenient for the characterization of therapeutic mAbs. Here we report the development of a cell-based assay using a human FcγRIIa-expressing reporter cell line. The FcγRIIa reporter cell assay was able to estimate the activation of FcγRIIa by antigen-bound mAbs by a very simple method in vitro. The usefulness of this assay for evaluating the activity of mAbs with different abilities to activate FcγRIIa was confirmed by the examples including the comparison of the activity of the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab and its Fc-engineered variants, and two anti-EGFR mAbs with different IgG subclasses, cetuximab (IgG1) and panitumumab (IgG2). We also applied this assay to the characterization of a force-oxidized mAb, and we observed that oxidation significantly decreased the FcγRIIa activation by EGFR-bound cetuximab. These results suggest that our FcγRIIa reporter assay is a promising tool for the characterization of therapeutic mAbs, including Fc-engineered mAbs, IgG2-subclass mAbs, and their product-related variants.
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152
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Phase 1/2 study of KRN330, a fully human anti-A33 monoclonal antibody, plus irinotecan as second-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:682-90. [PMID: 24691674 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
KRN330 is a recombinant, fully-human monoclonal antibody directed against A33, a surface differentiation antigen that is uniformly expressed in 95 % of colorectal cancers. A previous Phase 1 study of single-agent KRN330 identified a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 3 mg/kg q2w and preliminary evidence of clinical activity among patients with advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This Phase 1/2 trial sought to assess the safety and activity of second-line KRN330 plus irinotecan in patients with mCRC. Patients with mCRC who showed disease progression after FOLFOX/CapOx received intravenous doses of KRN330 (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg qw or q2w) plus irinotecan (180 mg/m(2)) in a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation. The MTD of KRN330 with irinotecan in 19 patients was 0.5 mg/kg qw in the Phase 1 study with gastrointestinal effects and neutropenia being the predominant dose-limiting toxicities. In the Phase 2 study, the most frequent treatment-related Grade ≥3 toxicities in 44 patients were fatigue (15.9 %), neutropenia (13.6 %), leukopenia (6.8 %), diarrhea (4.5 %), and dehydration (4.5 %). Objective response rate (ORR) was 4.5 % and disease control rate was 45.5 % for the intent-to-treat population. Median progression-free survival was 87 days (95 % CI, 43-136 days). The prespecified ORR of KRN330 plus irinotecan was not met. Further investigation of KRN330 plus other agents may be warranted.
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153
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Abstract
The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab targets the growth factor receptor HER2 and has profoundly improved the course of disease and survival of women with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Because trastuzumab targets aberrant expression of HER2 in tumours addicted to HER2 activation, its clinical activity is credited largely to inhibition of intracellular signalling. A growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence shows that the immune system contributes substantially to the therapeutic effects of trastuzumab and other monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Furthermore, findings indicate that immune-related markers can provide useful predictive information and that increased clinical activity might follow activation of the immune system. Development of immunomodulatory drugs with remarkable activity in many solid tumours defines a scenario in which the combination of immune modulation with trastuzumab, or other HER2-directed drugs, will result in augmented response and clinical outcome.
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154
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Bejar C, Maubec E. Therapy of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2014; 15:302-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-014-0280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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155
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Derer S, Glorius P, Schlaeth M, Lohse S, Klausz K, Muchhal U, Desjarlais JR, Humpe A, Valerius T, Peipp M. Increasing FcγRIIa affinity of an FcγRIII-optimized anti-EGFR antibody restores neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity. MAbs 2014; 6:409-21. [PMID: 24492248 PMCID: PMC3984330 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been suggested as an essential mechanism for the in vivo activity of cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting therapeutic antibody. Thus, enhancing the affinity of human IgG1 antibodies to natural killer (NK) cell-expressed FcγRIIIa by glyco- or protein-engineering of their Fc portion has been demonstrated to improve NK cell-mediated ADCC and to represent a promising strategy to improve antibody therapy. However, human polymorphonuclear (PMN) effector cells express the highly homologous FcγRIIIb isoform, which is described to be ineffective in triggering ADCC. Here, non-fucosylated or protein-engineered anti-EGFR antibodies with optimized FcγRIIIa affinities demonstrated the expected benefit in NK cell-mediated ADCC, but did not mediate ADCC by PMN, which could be restored by FcγRIIIb blockade. Furthermore, eosinophils and PMN from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients that expressed no or low levels of FcγRIIIb mediated effective ADCC with FcγRIII-optimized anti-EGFR antibody. Additional experiments with double FcγRIIa/FcγRIII-optimized constructs demonstrated enhanced PMN-mediated ADCC compared with single FcγRIII-optimized antibody. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that FcγRIIIb engagement impairs PMN-mediated ADCC activity of FcγRIII-optimized anti-EGFR antibodies, while further optimization of FcγRIIa binding significantly restores PMN recruitment.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibody Affinity/genetics
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cetuximab
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Eosinophils/immunology
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- Glycosylation
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/immunology
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/therapy
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Immunotherapy/trends
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Engineering
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Derer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Pia Glorius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Schlaeth
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohse
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Humpe
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
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156
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Bauman JE, Ferris RL. Integrating novel therapeutic monoclonal antibodies into the management of head and neck cancer. Cancer 2014; 120:624-32. [PMID: 24222079 PMCID: PMC4095869 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an immunosuppressive malignancy. Interest in developing novel immunotherapies in HNSCC has been reawakened by the success of cetuximab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the epidermal growth factor receptor, which likely relies on immune as well as antisignaling mechanisms. This review focuses on novel therapeutic mAbs in current clinical development against established mechanisms of immune evasion in HNSCC, targeting: 1) tumor antigens, with resultant potential to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and T cell activation; 2) immunosuppressive cytokines; 3) costimulatory tumor necrosis factor-family receptors; and 4) coinhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Clinical trials of immunotherapeutic mAbs as monotherapy, in combination with cytolytic standard therapies exposing tumor antigens or in combination with other immunomodulatory mAbs, are urgently needed in HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Cetuximab
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Bauman
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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157
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Zhang M, Qian J, Lan Y, Lu Y, Li H, Hong B, Zheng Y, He J, Yang J, Yi Q. Anti-β₂M monoclonal antibodies kill myeloma cells via cell- and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1132-41. [PMID: 24474467 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that anti-β2M monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at high doses have direct apoptotic effects on myeloma cells, suggesting that anti-β2M mAbs might be developed as a novel therapeutic agent. In this study, we investigated the ability of the mAbs at much lower concentrations to indirectly kill myeloma cells by utilizing immune effector cells or molecules. Our results showed that anti-β2M mAbs effectively lysed MM cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which were correlated with and dependent on the surface expression of β2M on MM cells. The presence of MM bone marrow stromal cells or addition of IL-6 did not attenuate anti-β2M mAb-induced ADCC and CDC activities against MM cells. Furthermore, anti-β2M mAbs only showed limited cytotoxicity toward normal B cells and nontumorous mesenchymal stem cells, indicating that the ADCC and CDC activities of the anti-β2M mAbs were more prone to the tumor cells. Lenalidomide potentiated in vitro ADCC activity against MM cells and in vivo tumor inhibition capacity induced by the anti-β2M mAbs by enhancing the activity of NK cells. These results support clinical development of anti-β2M mAbs, both as a monotherapy and in combination with lenalidomide, to improve MM patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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158
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Oppenheim DE, Spreafico R, Etuk A, Malone D, Amofah E, Peña-Murillo C, Murray T, McLaughlin L, Choi BS, Allan S, Belousov A, Passioukov A, Gerdes C, Umaña P, Farzaneh F, Ross P. Glyco-engineered anti-EGFR mAb elicits ADCC by NK cells from colorectal cancer patients irrespective of chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1221-7. [PMID: 24496456 PMCID: PMC3950873 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is correlated with poor prognosis, making it an attractive target for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy. A component of the therapeutic efficacy of IgG1 mAbs is their stimulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells bearing the CD16 receptor. As NK cells are functionally impaired in cancer patients and may be further compromised upon chemotherapy, it is crucial to assess whether immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at further enhancing ADCC are viable. Methods: CRC patients before, during and after chemotherapy were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry for major white blood cell populations. ADCC-independent NK cell functionality was assessed in cytotoxicity assays against K562 cells. ADCC-dependent killing of EGFR+ A431 cancer cells by NK cells was measured with a degranulation assay where ADCC was induced by GA201, an anti-EGFR mAb glyco-engineered to enhance ADCC. Results: Here, we confirm the observation that NK cells in cancer patients are dysfunctional. However, GA201 was able to induce robust NK cell-dependent cytotoxicity in CRC patient NK cells, effectively overcoming their impairment. Conclusions: These findings support the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of GA201 in combination with chemotherapy in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Oppenheim
- 1] Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK [2] Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK [3] Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - R Spreafico
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - A Etuk
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - D Malone
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - E Amofah
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - C Peña-Murillo
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - T Murray
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - L McLaughlin
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - B S Choi
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - S Allan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 4th Floor Thomas Guy House, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - A Belousov
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - A Passioukov
- Roche Glycart AG, Wagistrasse 18, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - C Gerdes
- Roche Glycart AG, Wagistrasse 18, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - P Umaña
- Roche Glycart AG, Wagistrasse 18, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - F Farzaneh
- 1] Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK [2] Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK [3] Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - P Ross
- 1] Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK [2] Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK [3] Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, King's Health Partners, 4th Floor Thomas Guy House, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT, UK
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159
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Phénomène d’ADCC, polymorphismes du récepteur Fcγ et conséquences en termes de développement thérapeutique ciblé. ONCOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-014-2377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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160
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Anti-KIR antibody enhancement of anti-lymphoma activity of natural killer cells as monotherapy and in combination with anti-CD20 antibodies. Blood 2013; 123:678-86. [PMID: 24326534 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-519199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells mediate antilymphoma activity by spontaneous cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) when triggered by rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) used to treat patients with B-cell lymphomas. The balance of inhibitory and activating signals determines the magnitude of the efficacy of NK cells by spontaneous cytotoxicity. Here, using a killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) transgenic murine model, we show that blockade of the interface of inhibitory KIRs with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens on lymphoma cells by anti-KIR antibodies prevents a tolerogenic interaction and augments NK-cell spontaneous cytotoxicity. In combination with anti-CD20 mAbs, anti-KIR treatment induces enhanced NK-cell-mediated, rituximab-dependent cytotoxicity against lymphoma in vitro and in vivo in KIR transgenic and syngeneic murine lymphoma models. These results support a therapeutic strategy of combination rituximab and KIR blockade through lirilumab, illustrating the potential efficacy of combining a tumor-targeting therapy with an NK-cell agonist, thus stimulating the postrituximab antilymphoma immune response.
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161
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Noguchi T, Ritter G, Nishikawa H. Antibody-based therapy in colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:533-45. [PMID: 23638747 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment in patients with nonresectable and resectable colorectal cancer at the advanced stage is challenging, therefore intensive strategies such as chemotherapy, signaling inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to control the disease are required. mAbs are particularly promising tools owing to their target specificities and strong antitumor activities through multiple mechanisms, as shown by rituximab in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and trastuzumab in breast cancer. Three mAbs (cetuximab, bevacizumab and panitumumab) have been approved for the treatment of colorectal cancer in the USA and many other mAbs are being tested in clinical trials. The potential of antibody therapy is associated with several mechanisms including interference of vital signaling pathways targeted by the antibody and immune cytotoxicity selectively directed against tumor cells by tumor-bound antibody through the Fc portion of the antibody, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, recent experimental findings have shown that immune complexes formed by therapeutic mAbs with tumor-released antigens could augment the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells through activation of APCs. In addition, antibodies targeting immune checkpoints on hematopoietic cells have recently opened a new avenue for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we focus on mAb treatment in colorectal cancer and its immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Noguchi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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162
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Moriya H, Saito K, Helsby N, Hayashi N, Sugino S, Yamakage M, Sawaguchi T, Takasaki M, Takahashi M, Kurosawa N. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations of the FCGR2A and FCGR3A genes in healthy Japanese subjects. Biomed Rep 2013; 2:265-269. [PMID: 24649108 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
FcγRII and FcγRIII are low-affinity Fcγ receptors that are encoded by the FCGR2A and FCGR3A genes, respectively. These genes contain functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which alter the binding affinities of these receptors for the γ chain of the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G. The known SNPs in FCGR2A and FCGR3A are rs1801274 (A>G; H131R) and rs396991 (T>G; F158V), respectively. It is also known that there are copy number variations (CNVs) in the genetic locus (1q23) where FCGR2A and FCGR3A are located. However, the frequencies of these SNPs and CNVs have not been determined in the Japanese population. The aim of this study was to investigate SNPs and CNVs in FCGR2A and FCGR3A among 113 healthy individuals. The SNPs and CNVs in FCGR2A and FCGR3A were determined using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping and the TaqMan® Copy Number assays. Our results revealed that the incidence of FCGR2A (rs1801274) genotypes were as follows: A/A, 69.9%; A/G, 29.2%; and G/G, 0.9%. The incidence of the FCGR3A (rs396991) genotypes were as follows: T/T, 56.7%; T/G, 38.9%; and G/G, 4.4%). No CNVs were detected for FCGR2A. To the best of our knowledge, this finding has not been previously reported in the Japanese population. By contrast, CNVs were observed in FCGR3A (3 subjects were found to harbour a gene deletion and 5 subjects had 3 copies of the gene). Using simple commercially available assays we were able to confirm previous findings regarding FCGR2A and FCGR3A alleles and CNVs. These assays may provide a basis for the investigation of the role of these genes in the efficacy of antibody-based drugs, such as trastuzumab and rituximab, in Japanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Moriya
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan ; Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0006, Japan
| | - Nuala Helsby
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, Japan
| | - Naomi Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sugino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Michiaki Yamakage
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Takeru Sawaguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0804, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takasaki
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0804, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0804, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kurosawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
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163
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Kutty RV, Feng SS. Cetuximab conjugated vitamin E TPGS micelles for targeted delivery of docetaxel for treatment of triple negative breast cancers. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10160-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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164
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Genetic and immune factors underlying the efficacy of cetuximab and panitumumab in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2013; 18:7-16. [PMID: 24876815 PMCID: PMC4037996 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2013.38566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of monoclonal anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab) used in combination with chemotherapy or alone has been demonstrated in clinical trials of patients with mCRC. Both drugs block signaling EGFR pathway in malignant cells (blocking ligand binding and EGFR dimerization). Obtaining treatment responses with anti-EGFR agents is possible only in a selected subgroup of patients with mCRC. Successful treatment with cetuximab and panitumab is possible almost exclusively in patients without RAS mutations. Research on predictive value of EGFR gene copy number, PI3KCA gene mutations, P53 and PTEN, and EGFR their ligands concentrations is ongoing. Cetuximab, as IgG1 class antibody, can cause antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity against neoplasm cells, while panitumumab, as IgG2 class antibody, does not induce such effect. Therefore a potential predictor cetuximab therapy may be the presence of different polymorphic forms of the genes for receptor immunoglobulin Fc fragments: FcγRIIa and FcγRIII subclasses.
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165
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Chen C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Tsao SW, Zhang MY. Superior Antitumor Activity of a Novel Bispecific Antibody Cotargeting Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:90-100. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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166
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Phase II open-label study to assess efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in combination with cetuximab in KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62264. [PMID: 24244261 PMCID: PMC3823943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with lenalidomide and cetuximab in KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer patients. This was a phase II multicenter, open-label trial comprising a safety lead-in phase (phase IIa) to determine the maximum tolerated dose, and a randomized proof of concept phase (phase IIb) to determine the response rate of lenalidomide plus cetuximab combination therapy. Phase IIa treatment comprised oral lenalidomide (starting dose 25 mg/day) and intravenous cetuximab (400 mg/m2 followed by weekly 250 mg/m2) in 28-day cycles. In phase IIb patients were randomized to either the phase IIa treatment schedule of lenalidomide plus cetuximab combination therapy or lenalidomide 25 mg/day monotherapy. Eight patients were enrolled into phase IIa. One patient developed a dose-limiting toxicity and the maximum tolerated dose of lenalidomide was determined at 25 mg/day. Forty-three patients were enrolled into phase IIb proof of concept. Best response was stable disease in 9 patients and study enrollment was terminated prematurely due to lack of efficacy in both treatment arms and failure to achieve the planned response objective. The majority of adverse events were grade 1 and 2. In both phases, the adverse events most commonly attributed to any study drugs were fatigue, rash and other skin disorders, diarrhea, nausea, and stomatitis. Thirty-nine deaths occurred; none was related to study drug. The combination of lenalidomide and cetuximab appeared to be well tolerated but did not have clinically meaningful activity in KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01032291
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167
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Gildener-Leapman N, Ferris RL, Bauman JE. Promising systemic immunotherapies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:1089-96. [PMID: 24126223 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) demonstrate poor survival and significant treatment morbidity with standard therapy. The immune profile in HNSCC, whether caused by carcinogen exposure or human papillomavirus (HPV), is notably immunosuppressive. Early clinical trials of immunotherapy in HNSCC were troubled by systemic toxicity or difficulties in local administration. Now, interest in immunotherapy has been revitalized by mechanistic insights into immune evasion by HNSCC, coupled to ongoing development of novel immunotherapies. This review will summarize immune escape mechanisms in HNSCC, namely downregulation of tumor antigen (TA) presentation, aberrant regulation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, the immunosuppressive cytokine milieu, and dysregulation of immune effector cells. Therapeutic strategies hypothesized to specifically counter HNSCC immunosuppression will then be discussed. We will survey TA- targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAb), including the prototype cetuximab, as well as adjunctive strategies to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We will review immunomodulation to restore STAT1/STAT3 activation balance. Examples of mAb therapy to block immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-6 or VEGF, will be provided. mAbs which release co-inhibitory T cell receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, overexpressed in HNSCC, also hold therapeutic promise. Finally, we will describe principles for therapeutic vaccination in HPV-associated HNSCC, where non-host TAs such as viral oncoproteins represent ideal targets, and HPV-negative HNSCC, where p53 is a promising target. Insights into immunosuppression in HNSCC have elucidated mechanistic targets for immunotherapy. Rational clinical investigation may lead to effective stand alone or combinatorial treatment approaches.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/immunology
- Genes, p53/drug effects
- Genes, p53/immunology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Papillomaviridae/drug effects
- Papillomaviridae/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- STAT Transcription Factors/drug effects
- STAT Transcription Factors/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gildener-Leapman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Eye and Ear Institute, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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168
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The Fc receptor polymorphisms and expression of neutrophil activation markers in patients with sickle cell disease from Western India. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:457656. [PMID: 24191245 PMCID: PMC3804363 DOI: 10.1155/2013/457656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Sickle cell disease has variable clinical manifestations. Activation of neutrophils plays an important role in the initiation and propagation of vaso occlusive crises which can be analysed by determining the expression of neutrophil antigens such as CD16, CD32, and CD62L. The common FcγR polymorphisms (FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB) are considered to influence clinical presentation. This study focuses on distribution of FcγR polymorphisms and their association with neutrophil activity among the patients from western India.
Methods. In this paper 127 sickle cell anemia patients and 58 patients with sickle-β-thalassemia (median age 12 ± 8.58 years) with variable clinical phenotypes along with 175 normals were investigated. FcγRs polymorphisms were analysed by RFLP and AS-PCR. Activation of neutrophils was measured by flow cytometry.
Results. The genotypic frequency of the H/R genotype of FcγRIIA and the NA1/NA1 genotype of FcγRIIIB was significantly decreased in patients compared to normals (P-0.0074, P-0.0471, resp.). We found a significant difference in the expression of CD32 and CD62L among the patients as against normals. A significantly higher expression of CD32 was seen in the milder patients with the H/H genotype (P-0.0231), whereas the expression of CD16 was higher in severe patients with the NA2/NA2 genotype (P-0.0312).
Conclusion. The two FcγR polymorphisms had significant association with variable phenotypes of sickle cell disease. The expression of CD62L decreased in our patients indicating activation of neutrophils.
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169
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Haraldsdottir S, Bekaii-Saab T. Integrating anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2013; 4:285-98. [PMID: 23997940 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common causes of cancer diagnoses and mortality in the United States. The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer has evolved significantly over the last decade with near-tripling of patient survival rate. A significant contribution to this outcome was the advent of novel targeted agents, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibitors. In an era of emphasis on refining therapy, the presence of KRAS mutation will predict for resistance and limit exposure to patients who are more likely to benefit. In contrast, the presence of BRAF mutations does not seem to have a predictive value. Agents that are thought to reverse resistance to EGFR inhibitors such as those targeting PI3K, c-MET or IGF-1R are currently under study. EGFR inhibitors have exhibited single agent activity, and seem to synergize very well with standard chemotherapy except for cetuximab and 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX). Preliminary data suggests that EGFR inhibitors have similar effectiveness to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in the first line setting. Skin toxicity remains the main limiting factor for the utilization of EGFR inhibitors, but strategies including the use of agents such as minocycline or doxycycline added to topical care seem to limit the severity of the rash.
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170
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Hirvinen M, Heiskanen R, Oksanen M, Pesonen S, Liikanen I, Joensuu T, Kanerva A, Cerullo V, Hemminki A. Fc-gamma receptor polymorphisms as predictive and prognostic factors in patients receiving oncolytic adenovirus treatment. J Transl Med 2013; 11:193. [PMID: 23965133 PMCID: PMC3765225 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses have shown potential as cancer therapeutics, but not all patients seem to benefit from therapy. Polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptors (FcgRs) lead to altered binding affinity of IgG between the receptor allotypes and therefore contribute to differences in immune defense mechanisms. Associations have been identified between FcgR polymorphisms and responsiveness to different immunotherapies. Taken together with the increasing understanding that immunological factors might determine the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy we studied whether FcgR polymorphisms would have prognostic and/or predictive significance in the context of oncolytic adenovirus treatments. METHODS 235 patients with advanced solid tumors were genotyped for two FcgR polymorphisms, FcgRIIa-H131R (rs1801274) and FcgRIIIa-V158F (rs396991), using TaqMan based qPCR. The genotypes were correlated with patient survival and tumor imaging data. RESULTS In patients treated with oncolytic adenoviruses, overall survival was significantly shorter if the patient had an FcgRIIIa-VV/ FcgRIIa-HR (VVHR) genotype combination (P = 0,032). In contrast, patients with FFHR and FFRR genotypes had significantly longer overall survival (P = 0,004 and P = 0,006, respectively) if they were treated with GM-CSF-armed adenovirus in comparison to other viruses. Treatment of these patients with unarmed virus correlated with shorter survival (P < 0,0005 and P = 0,016, respectively). Treating FFHH individuals with CD40L-armed virus resulted in longer survival than treatment with other viruses (P = 0,047). CONCLUSIONS Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that individual differences in effector cell functions, such as NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and tumor antigen presentation by APCs caused by polymorphisms in FcgRs could play role in the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapies. If confirmed in larger populations, FcgR polymorphisms could have potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for oncolytic adenovirus therapies to enable better selection of patients for clinical trials. Also, putative associations between genotypes, different viruses and survival implicate potentially important mechanistic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hirvinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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171
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Tailoring immunoglobulin Fc for highly potent and serum-stable therapeutic antibodies. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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172
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Amaro A, Mirisola V, Angelini G, Musso A, Tosetti F, Esposito AI, Perri P, Lanza F, Nasciuti F, Mosci C, Puzone R, Salvi S, Truini M, Poggi A, Pfeffer U. Evidence of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in uveal melanoma: inhibition of epidermal growth factor-mediated signalling by Gefitinib and Cetuximab triggered antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3353-65. [PMID: 23849826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgery and radiotherapy of uveal melanoma (UM), many patients develop distant metastases that poorly respond to therapy. Improved therapies for the metastatic disease are therefore urgently needed. Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a target of kinase inhibitors and humanised antibodies in use for several cancers, had been reported. Forty-eight human UMs were analysed by expression profiling. Signalling was tested in three EGFR expressing UM cell lines by Western blotting using phosphorylation specific antibodies for EGFR and the downstream mediators AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Evidence for signalling in tumours was obtained through the application of a UM-specific EGF-signature. The EGFR specific kinase inhibitor, Gefitinib and the humanised monoclonal antibody, Cetuximab, were tested for their effect on EGFR signalling. Natural killer cell mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release was analysed for Cetuximab. Fourteen of 48 UMs and three of 14 cell lines (over-)express EGFR, at least in part due to trisomy of the EGFR locus on chromosome 7p12. EGFR and the downstream mediator, AKT, are phosphorylated upon stimulation with EGF in EGFR expressing cell lines. EGFR over-expressing tumours but not EGFR negative tumours show an activated EGF-signature. Gefitinib inhibits EGFR and AKT phosphorylation and Cetuximab induces EGFR phosphorylation but inhibits signalling to AKT induced with EGF. Cetuximab triggers natural killer (NK) cells to lyse EGFR+ cell lines and to release TNF-α. EGFR appears suited as a novel molecular drug target for therapy of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- Integrated Molecular Pathology, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
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173
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Roca L, Diéras V, Roché H, Lappartient E, Kerbrat P, Cany L, Chieze S, Canon JL, Spielmann M, Penault-Llorca F, Martin AL, Mesleard C, Lemonnier J, de Cremoux P. Correlation of HER2, FCGR2A, and FCGR3A gene polymorphisms with trastuzumab related cardiac toxicity and efficacy in a subgroup of patients from UNICANCER-PACS 04 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:789-800. [PMID: 23780683 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate, in the context of a prospective node-positive-breast cancer trial HER2 containing-regimen (UNICANCER-PACS 04 trial), the predictive value of HER2, FCGRIIA, and FCGRIIIA gene polymorphisms for cardiac toxicity and efficacy of trastuzumab. We analyzed HER2-I655V, FCGR2A-H131R, and FCGR3A-V158F single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients in adjuvant setting treated by six courses of either fluorouracil 500 mg/m(2), epirubicin 100 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m(2), or epirubicin 75 mg/m(2) and docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks then randomly assigned, in case of HER2 overexpressing tumor, to either trastuzumab for 1 year or nothing. Left ventricular ejection fraction and clinical examination were monitored in each patient, seven times throughout the study to detect congestive heart failure or asymptomatic subclinical cardiac toxicity. All genotypes were analyzed in relation to cardiac toxicity, EFS, and OS. One hundred and thirty-two HER2-positive breast cancer patients were analyzed. The HER2-I655V genotype was significantly associated with cardiac toxicity (p = 0.025). The FCGR2A-131 H/H genotype was significantly correlated with a shorter EFS (p = 0.027). The FCGR3A-158 V/V genotype was not correlated with EFS nor OS. These results might be useful in making a treatment choice of HER2 blockers in adjuvant setting by with an increase in efficacy and decrease in toxicity.
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174
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RG7116, a Therapeutic Antibody That Binds the Inactive HER3 Receptor and Is Optimized for Immune Effector Activation. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5183-94. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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175
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Ming Lim C, Stephenson R, Salazar AM, Ferris RL. TLR3 agonists improve the immunostimulatory potential of cetuximab against EGFR + head and neck cancer cells. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e24677. [PMID: 23894722 PMCID: PMC3716757 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonists have been extensively used as adjuvants for anticancer vaccines. However, their immunostimulatory effects and precise mechanisms of action in the presence of antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have not yet been evaluated. We investigated the effect of TLR3 agonists on cetuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against head and neck cancer (HNC) cells, as well as on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and cross-priming of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific CD8+ T cells. The cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or isolated natural killer (NK) cells expressing polymorphic variants (at codon 158) of the Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγIIIa) was determined in 51Cr release assays upon incubation with the TLR3 agonist poly-ICLC. NK cell stimulation was measured based on activation and degranulation markers, while DC maturation in the presence of poly-ICLC was assessed using flow cytometry. The DC-mediated cross priming of EGFR-specific CD8+ T cells was monitored upon in vitro stimulation with tetramer-based flow cytometry. TLR3-stimulated, unfractionated PBMCs from HNC patients mediated robust cetuximab-dependent ADCC, which was abrogated by NK-cell depletion. The cytolytic activity of TLR3-stimulated NK cells differed among cells expressing different polymorphic variants of FcγRIIIa, and NK cells exposed to both poly-ICLC and cetuximab expressed higher levels of CD107a and granzyme B than their counterparts exposed to either stimulus alone. Poly-ICLC plus cetuximab also induced a robust upregulation of CD80, CD83 and CD86 on the surface of DCs, a process that was partially NK-cell dependent. Furthermore, DCs matured in these conditions exhibited improved cross-priming abilities, resulting in higher numbers of EGFR-specific CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that TLR3 agonists may provide a convenient means to improve the efficacy of mAb-based anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwee Ming Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Department of Immunology; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; National University Health System; Singapore
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176
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Veitonmäki N, Hansson M, Zhan F, Sundberg A, Löfstedt T, Ljungars A, Li ZC, Martinsson-Niskanen T, Zeng M, Yang Y, Danielsson L, Kovacek M, Lundqvist A, Mårtensson L, Teige I, Tricot G, Frendéus B. A human ICAM-1 antibody isolated by a function-first approach has potent macrophage-dependent antimyeloma activity in vivo. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:502-15. [PMID: 23597564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a tumor B-cell-targeting antibody, BI-505, from a highly diversified human phage-antibody library, using a pioneering "function-first" approach involving screening for (1) specificity for a tumor B cell surface receptor, (2) induction of tumor programmed cell death, and (3) enhanced in vivo antitumor activity compared to currently used treatments. BI-505 bound to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, identifying a previously unrecognized role for this receptor as a therapeutic target in cancer. The BI-505 epitope was strongly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells from both newly diagnosed and relapsed patients. BI-505 had potent macrophage-dependent antimyeloma activity and conferred enhanced survival compared to currently used treatments in advanced experimental models of multiple myeloma.
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177
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Seidel UJE, Schlegel P, Lang P. Natural killer cell mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in tumor immunotherapy with therapeutic antibodies. Front Immunol 2013; 4:76. [PMID: 23543707 PMCID: PMC3608903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade several therapeutic antibodies have been Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA) approved. Although their mechanisms of action in vivo is not fully elucidated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by natural killer (NK) cells is presumed to be a key effector function. A substantial role of ADCC has been demonstrated in vitro and in mouse tumor models. However, a direct in vivo effect of ADCC in tumor reactivity in humans remains to be shown. Several studies revealed a predictive value of FcγRIIIa-V158F polymorphism in monoclonal antibody treatment, indicating a potential effect of ADCC on outcome for certain indications. Furthermore, the use of therapeutic antibodies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an interesting option. Studying the role of the FcγRIIIa-V158F polymorphism and the influence of Killer-cell Immunoglobuline-like Receptor (KIR) receptor ligand incompatibility on ADCC in this approach may contribute to future transplantation strategies. Despite the success of approved second-generation antibodies in the treatment of several malignancies, efforts are made to further augment ADCC in vivo by antibody engineering. Here, we review currently used therapeutic antibodies for which ADCC has been suggested as effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula J E Seidel
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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178
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Identification of dominant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity epitopes on the hemagglutinin antigen of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. J Virol 2013; 87:5831-40. [PMID: 23487456 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00273-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) bridges innate and adaptive immunity, and it involves both humoral and cellular immune responses. ADCC has been found to be a main route of immune protection against viral infections in vivo. Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus is highly immunogenic and considered the most important target for immune protection. Several potent cross-reactive HA-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been reported, and their conserved neutralizing epitopes have been revealed, but there has been no report so far about ADCC epitopes on HA. Here we identified two dominant ADCC epitopes, designated E1 (amino acids [aa] 92 to 117) and E2 (aa 124 to 159), on HA of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus by epitope mapping of convalescent-phase plasma IgG antibodies from six H1N1-infected human subjects in China that exhibited different levels of ADCC activity. The E1 and E2 ADCC epitopes overlapped with immunodominant epitopes of HA. Depletion of purified patient plasma IgG antibodies with EBY100 yeast cells expressing E1 or E2 decreased the ADCC activity of the IgG antibodies. E1 and E2 sequences were found to be highly conserved in H1N1 strains but less so in other subtypes of influenza A viruses. Our study may aid in designing immunogens that can elicit antibodies with high ADCC activity. Vaccine immunogens designed to include the structural determinants of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies and ADCC epitopes may confer comprehensive immune protection against influenza virus infection.
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Srivastava RM, Lee SC, Andrade Filho PA, Lord CA, Jie HB, Davidson HC, López-Albaitero A, Gibson SP, Gooding WE, Ferrone S, Ferris RL. Cetuximab-activated natural killer and dendritic cells collaborate to trigger tumor antigen-specific T-cell immunity in head and neck cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1858-72. [PMID: 23444227 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) block oncogenic signaling and induce Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated cytotoxicity. However, the role of CD8(+) CTL and FcγR in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses in mAb-treated human patients with cancer is still emerging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FcγRIIIa codon 158 polymorphism was correlated with survival in 107 cetuximab-treated patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Flow cytometry was carried out to quantify EGF receptor (EGFR)-specific T cells in cetuximab-treated patients with HNC. The effect of cetuximab on natural killer (NK) cell, dendritic cell (DC), and T-cell activation was measured using IFN-γ release assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS FcγRIIIa polymorphism did not predict clinical outcome in cetuximab-treated patients with HNC; however, elevated circulating EGFR(853-861)-specific CD8(+) T cells were found in cetuximab-treated patients with HNC (P < 0.005). Cetuximab promoted EGFR-specific cellular immunity through the interaction of EGFR(+) tumor cells and FcγRIIIa on NK cells but not on the polymorphism per se. Cetuximab-activated NK cells induced IFN-γ-dependent expression of DC maturation markers, antigen processing machinery components such as TAP-1/2 and T-helper cell (T(H)1) chemokines through NKG2D/MICA binding. Cetuximab initiated adaptive immune responses via NK cell-induced DC maturation, which enhanced cross-presentation to CTL specific for EGFR as well as another tumor antigen, MAGE-3. CONCLUSION Cetuximab-activated NK cells promote DC maturation and CD8(+) T-cell priming, leading to tumor antigen spreading and TH1 cytokine release through "NK-DC cross-talk." FcγRIIIa polymorphism did not predict clinical response to cetuximab but was necessary for NK-DC interaction and mAb-induced cross-presentation. EGFR-specific T cells in cetuximab-treated patients with HNC may contribute to clinical response.
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180
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Jung ST, Kelton W, Kang TH, Ng DT, Andersen JT, Sandlie I, Sarkar CA, Georgiou G. Effective phagocytosis of low Her2 tumor cell lines with engineered, aglycosylated IgG displaying high FcγRIIa affinity and selectivity. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:368-75. [PMID: 23030766 DOI: 10.1021/cb300455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans anchored to residue N297 of the antibody IgG Fc domain are critical in mediating binding toward FcγRs to direct both adaptive and innate immune responses. However, using a full length bacterial IgG display system, we have isolated aglycosylated Fc domains with mutations that confer up to a 160-fold increase in the affinity toward the low affinity FcγRIIa-R131 allele as well as high selectivity against binding to the remarkably homologous human inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIb. The mutant Fc domain (AglycoT-Fc1004) contained a total of 5 amino acid substitutions that conferred an activating to inhibitory ratio of 25 (A/I ratio; FcyRIIa-R131:FcγRIIb). Incorporation of this engineered Fc into trastuzumab, an anti-Her2 antibody, resulted in a 75% increase in tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages compared to that of the parental glycosylated trastuzumab with both medium and low Her2-expressing cancer cells. A mathematical model has been developed to help explain how receptor affinity and the A/I ratio relate to improved antibody dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis. Our model provides guidelines for the future engineering of Fc domains with enhanced effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Taek Jung
- Department of Bio and Nano Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department
of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- CIR and Department
of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department
of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- CIR and Department
of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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Nakamoto K, Nagahara H, Maeda K, Noda E, Inoue T, Yashiro M, Nishiguchi Y, Ohira M, Hirakawa K. Expression of E-cadherin and KRAS mutation may serve as biomarkers of cetuximab-based therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1295-1300. [PMID: 23599782 PMCID: PMC3629210 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab (Cmab), a chimeric monoclonal antibody for targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, has become one of the standard treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small proportion of patients respond to Cmab, and it has been reported that KRAS mutation is a negative biomarker of response to Cmab therapy. The aim of this study was to detect additional biomarkers of response to Cmab therapy in patients with mCRC. We evaluated the effects of Cmab therapy in 36 patients with mCRC according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and classified patients who achieved complete response, partial response or stable disease as responders, and patients who achieved progressive disease as non-responders. We retrospectively examined the difference between the two groups using KRAS analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of E-cadherin, p53 and Ki67. Nineteen patients were responders, while 17 patients were non-responders. KRAS status and expression of E-cadherin were significantly correlated with the effect of Cmab therapy. Moreover, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with the effect of Cmab therapy in KRAS wild-type patients. In KRAS mutant-type patients, the expression of E-cadherin did not significantly correlate with the effect of Cmab therapy, but all responders with KRAS mutant-type tumors expressed E-cadherin. Our results indicate that the expression of E-cadherin detected by immunohistochemistry may be a positive predictor of Cmab-based therapy in mCRC, and that a combination of E-cadherin immunohistochemistry and KRAS analysis may be a more sensitive biomarker than KRAS analysis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakamoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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182
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Lau SC, Chung V, Lim D, Shibata S. Panitumumab following disease progression on cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective review. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2013; 20:83-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155212474048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer over the past decade, the number of chemotherapy agents available remains limited. We report here a retrospective review of 11 patients who were treated with panitumumab following documented disease progression on cetuximab. Two patients demonstrated minor radiographic responses, albeit only for a short period of time. We conclude that the use of one epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor following failure on the other may be of benefit to patients who would otherwise have no other treatment options. However, studies to help identify the subset of patients who might benefit from this strategy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cecilia Lau
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy Services, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Chung
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dean Lim
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Shibata
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, CA, USA
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183
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Role of immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphism-mediated antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab therapy. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2013; 14:14-9. [PMID: 23296156 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is activated by effector cells via immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment C receptors (FcRs), was proposed as a mechanism of cetuximab efficacy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 23 healthy donors and 13 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with cetuximab were tested for FcγR polymorphisms and cetuximab-mediated ADCC. ADCC was measured by chromium-51 release on a epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive human colon cancer cell line. Overall, 86 mCRC patients were genotyped for study purposes. PBMCs harbouring the FcγRIIIa 158 V/V genotype had a significantly higher cetuximab-mediated ADCC. No correlation was found between FcγR polymorphisms and response rate or time to progression after cetuximab-based therapy. Despite the in vitro analysis showing that the FcγRIIIa 158 V/V genotype is associated with higher ADCC, clinical data do not support a predictive role of FcγRIIIa polymorphisms in mCRC treated with cetuximab.
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184
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Mellor JD, Brown MP, Irving HR, Zalcberg JR, Dobrovic A. A critical review of the role of Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms in the response to monoclonal antibodies in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:1. [PMID: 23286345 PMCID: PMC3549734 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a major mechanism of action of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as cetuximab, rituximab and trastuzumab. Fc gamma receptors (FcgR) on human white blood cells are an integral part of the ADCC pathway. Differential response to therapeutic mAbs has been reported to correlate with specific polymorphisms in two of these genes: FCGR2A (H131R) and FCGR3A (V158F). These polymorphisms are associated with differential affinity of the receptors for mAbs. This review critically examines the current evidence for genotyping the corresponding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to predict response to mAbs in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Mellor
- Pharmacy Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia.
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185
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Knoedler M, Gauler T, Gruenwald V, Matzdorff A, Schroeder M, Dietz A, Jordan WO, Arnold D, Hennemann B, Hofele C, Weissinger F, Eberhardt W, Keilholz U. Phase II Study of Cetuximab in Combination with Docetaxel in Patients with Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck after Platinum-Containing Therapy: A Multicenter Study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. Oncology 2013; 84:284-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000345453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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186
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Tumor Antigen-Specific Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Cancer Initiating Cells and Disease Recurrence. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7654-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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187
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Phase I pilot study of oxaliplatin, infusional 5-FU, and cetuximab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. Med Oncol 2012; 30:358. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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188
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Gerdes CA, Nicolini VG, Herter S, van Puijenbroek E, Lang S, Roemmele M, Moessner E, Freytag O, Friess T, Ries CH, Bossenmaier B, Mueller HJ, Umaña P. GA201 (RG7160): A Novel, Humanized, Glycoengineered Anti-EGFR Antibody with Enhanced ADCC and Superior In Vivo Efficacy Compared with Cetuximab. Clin Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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189
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Rabasa Capote A, González JE, Rodríguez-Vera L, López A, Sánchez Ramírez B, Garrido Hidalgo G. Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution Study of 7A7 Anti-Mouse Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody and Its F(ab')(2) Fragment in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 2012:417515. [PMID: 23227357 PMCID: PMC3512310 DOI: 10.5402/2012/417515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunocompetent mice, Fc receptor γ-chain deficient mice (Fcer1g−/−), and molecular tools as F(ab′)2 bivalent fragments appear as the most suitable biological models to study the mechanisms of the action of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In vivo experiments contrasting antitumor effects of whole Abs and their bivalent fragments commonly involve a previous comparative pharmacokinetics study. In this paper, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of an anti-mouse EGFR Ab were assessed using immunocompetent mice. 125I-labeled 7A7 mAb holds an elimination half-life (t1/2β) of 23.1 h in C57BL/6 mice. Accumulation of mAb was found in liver, spleen, kidneys, and mostly in lungs. We used an ELISA method to determine the t1/2β of a 7A7 mAb using the same experimental setting. Results from this new analysis revealed a t1/2β of 23.9 h, supporting this method as a safer and easier system to evaluate pharmacokinetics parameters of mAbs targeting mouse EGFR. Using this system we also studied pharmacokinetics of 7A7 F(ab′)2 fragment. A tenfold difference between the mAb and fragment t1/2β was found. These data support the use of the 7A7 F(ab′)2 fragment in in vivo studies to explore the contribution of the EGFR signaling blockade and the Fc region to the antitumor effect of 7A7 mAb in this autologous scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailem Rabasa Capote
- Tumor Immunology Direction, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street, 15th Avenue, Atabey, Siboney, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600 Havana, Cuba
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190
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Calemma R, Ottaiano A, Trotta AM, Nasti G, Romano C, Napolitano M, Galati D, Borrelli P, Zanotta S, Cassata A, Castello G, Iaffaioli VR, Scala S. Fc gamma receptor IIIa polymorphisms in advanced colorectal cancer patients correlated with response to anti-EGFR antibodies and clinical outcome. J Transl Med 2012; 10:232. [PMID: 23171437 PMCID: PMC3551834 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies have shown efficacy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). One of the mechanism is the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in which Fc region of the antibody binds to the Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) expressed by immune cells. The present study investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa and clinical outcome in mCRC treated with anti-EGFR antibodies. Methods Seventy-four consecutive patients with mCRC were analyzed. The genotypes for FcγRIIa-131 histidine (H)/arginine (R), FcγRIIIa-158 valine (V)/phenylanaline (F) polymorphisms were evaluated by directly sequencing. Multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed for FcγRIIIa-158 valine (V)/phenylanaline (F). Correlations between FcγR polymorphisms, baseline patient and tumor features were studied by contingency tables and the chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was applied to the progression-free survival (PFS) curves. Univariate analysis was performed with the log-rank test. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to analyze the effect of multiple risk factors on PFS. Results FcγRIIIa polymorphisms were significantly associated with response to anti-EGFR-based therapy in 49 patients with kras wt tumors (p=0.035). There was not association with response for FcγRIIa polymorphisms. Furthermore, obtained results suggested that prognosis is particularly unfavorable for patients carrying the FcγRIIIa-158F/F genotype (median PFS V/V, V/F, F/F: 18.2 vs 17.3 vs 9.4 months). No prognostic ability was identified for FcγRIIa polymorphisms. Conclusions In mCRC patients the presence of FcγRIIIa-F can predict resistance to anti-EGFR therapy and unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Calemma
- Oncological Immunology, National Cancer Institute "G, Pascale", Naples, Italy
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191
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Gao B, Yeap S, Clements A, Balakrishnar B, Wong M, Gurney H. Evidence for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Targeted Anticancer Therapies. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:4017-25. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.43.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) provides valuable guidance for dose adjustment of antibiotics, immunosuppressives, antiepileptics, and other drugs, but its use for traditional anticancer therapies has been limited. Perhaps the most important obstacle is the impractical requirement of multiple blood samples to adequately define systemic exposure of drugs that have a short elimination half-life and are given by intermittent intravenous injections. However, the newer targeted anticancer therapies have different pharmacokinetic (PK) and dosing characteristics compared with traditional cytotoxic drugs, making it possible to estimate the steady-state drug exposure with a single trough-level measurement. Recent evidence indicates that certain PK parameters, including trough levels, are correlated with clinical outcomes for many of these agents, including imatinib, sunitinib, rituximab, and cetuximab. Although the current evidence is insufficient to mandate TDM in routine practice, a concerted investigation should be encouraged to determine whether the steady-state trough measurements of targeted agents will have a practical place in the clinical care of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Bo Gao, Arthur Clements, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Mark Wong, and Howard Gurney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead; Bo Gao and Howard Gurney, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Shang Yeap, Johns Hopkins Hospital,Singapore
| | - Shang Yeap
- Bo Gao, Arthur Clements, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Mark Wong, and Howard Gurney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead; Bo Gao and Howard Gurney, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Shang Yeap, Johns Hopkins Hospital,Singapore
| | - Arthur Clements
- Bo Gao, Arthur Clements, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Mark Wong, and Howard Gurney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead; Bo Gao and Howard Gurney, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Shang Yeap, Johns Hopkins Hospital,Singapore
| | - Bavanthi Balakrishnar
- Bo Gao, Arthur Clements, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Mark Wong, and Howard Gurney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead; Bo Gao and Howard Gurney, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Shang Yeap, Johns Hopkins Hospital,Singapore
| | - Mark Wong
- Bo Gao, Arthur Clements, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Mark Wong, and Howard Gurney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead; Bo Gao and Howard Gurney, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Shang Yeap, Johns Hopkins Hospital,Singapore
| | - Howard Gurney
- Bo Gao, Arthur Clements, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Mark Wong, and Howard Gurney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead; Bo Gao and Howard Gurney, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Shang Yeap, Johns Hopkins Hospital,Singapore
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192
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Derer S, Bauer P, Lohse S, Scheel AH, Berger S, Kellner C, Peipp M, Valerius T. Impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cell surface expression levels on effector mechanisms of EGFR antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5230-9. [PMID: 23100515 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a widely expressed Ag that is successfully targeted in tumor patients by mAbs or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A clinical study in non-small cell lung cancer patients demonstrated a positive correlation between EGFR expression levels and the therapeutic efficacy of the EGFR mAb cetuximab. However, the impact of EGFR expression on the different mechanisms of action (MoAs) triggered by the EGFR mAb has not been defined. In this study, BHK-21 cells were stably transfected to express different EGFR levels, which were quantified by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry and compared with EGFR levels of clinical non-small cell lung cancer samples. These cells were used to systematically investigate the impact of target Ag expression levels on Fab- or Fc-mediated MoAs of EGFR mAb. A negative correlation between EGFR levels and potency of Fab-mediated MoA was observed. Interestingly, Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK cells, monocytes, or polymorphonuclear cells as well as complement-dependent cytotoxicity positively correlated with the number of EGFR molecules. In comparison with ADCC by mononuclear cells, polymorphonuclear cell-mediated ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity required higher EGFR expression levels and higher mAb concentrations to trigger significant tumor cell killing. This correlation between EGFR expression levels and Fc-mediated MoA was confirmed in an independent panel of human tumor cell lines carrying diverse genetic alterations. Furthermore, RNA interference-induced knockdown experiments reinforced the impact of EGFR expression on tumor cell killing by EGFR mAb. In conclusion, these results suggest that EGFR expression levels may determine distinct patterns of MoAs that contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Derer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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193
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Keane C, Nourse JP, Crooks P, Nguyen-Van D, Mutsando H, Mollee P, Lea RA, Gandhi MK. HomozygousFCGR3A-158Valleles predispose to late onset neutropenia after CHOP-R for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Intern Med J 2012; 42:1113-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. P. Nourse
- Clinical Immunohaematology Laboratory; Queensland Institute of Medical Research; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
| | - P. Crooks
- Clinical Immunohaematology Laboratory; Queensland Institute of Medical Research; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
| | - D. Nguyen-Van
- Clinical Immunohaematology Laboratory; Queensland Institute of Medical Research; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
| | - H. Mutsando
- Haematology Department; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
| | - P. Mollee
- Haematology Department; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
| | - R. A. Lea
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
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194
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Golay J, Introna M. Mechanism of action of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: Promises and pitfalls of in vitro and in vivo assays. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 526:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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195
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Jung M, Koo JS, Moon YW, Park BW, Kim SI, Park S, Lee SH, Hong S, Rha SY, Chung HC, Kim JH, Sohn J. Overexpression of class III beta tubulin and amplified HER2 gene predict good response to paclitaxel and trastuzumab therapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45127. [PMID: 23028798 PMCID: PMC3447874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through this study, we aimed to validate several biomarkers that have been known to possibly predict the outcomes of the trastuzumab and paclitaxel (TP). Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who had been treated with TP in single institute from 2006 to 2009 were included in this study. For procured formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissues, HER2 amplification index (AI) and polymorphisms of the immunoglobulin G fragment C receptors (FCGR) were assessed as biomarkers to the trastuzumab and expression of class III beta tubulin (bTubIII) was evaluated as a predictive factor to the paclitaxel. Of 46 patients treated with TP, 27 patients could be evaluated for HER2 AI, 31 for bTubIII, and 26 for FCGR gene polymorphism. The median of the HER2 AI was 5.0 (range, 1.4−15.5) and a higher HER2 AI (≥5.0) was significantly correlated with better response rate (RR) (80% vs. 42%, P = 0.049) and longer progression-free survival (PFS) (13.6 vs. 6.9 months, P = 0.023). High bTubIII expression showed higher RRs than did low expression (81% vs. 40%, P = 0.040) in addition to longer PFS (16.2 months vs. 8.8 months, P = 0.04). However, polymorphisms in FCGR 2A-H131R or FCGR 3A-V158F were not predictive of RR or PFS. Our results suggest that a high HER2 AI and high bTubIII expression could be predictive of the outcomes to TP therapy but no evidence was found in terms of FCGR polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Wha Moon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seho Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soojung Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hang Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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196
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Gottschalk N, Kimmig R, Lang S, Singh M, Brandau S. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies overcome resistance of ovarian cancer cells to targeted therapy and natural cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:12000-12016. [PMID: 23109896 PMCID: PMC3472788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130912000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor outcome of advanced ovarian cancer under conventional therapy stimulated the exploration of new strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy. In our preclinical in vitro study we investigated a combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Combination treatment with the anti-EGFR-antibody Cetuximab, related tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and cytolytic NK cells was tested against different ovarian cancer cell lines and primary tumour cells cultured from patient ascites. We found that selected ovarian cancer cells were susceptible to cetuximab and anti-EGFR-TKI-treatment, while the majority of cell lines were resistant to single or combination treatment with both substances. In addition, most ovarian cancer cells displayed low susceptibility to natural cytotoxicity of unstimulated NK cells. Notably, NK cytotoxicity against resistant ovarian cancer cells could be effectively enhanced by addition of Cetuximab mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Neither natural cytotoxicity nor ADCC of NK cells were negatively affected by the presence of TKIs. ADCC could be further increased when NK cells were pre-stimulated with monocytes and the immunostimulatory mycobacterial protein PstS-1. Our data suggest that targeted antibody therapy could be beneficial even against resistant tumour cells by augmenting supplementary cytolytic NK functions. Future studies should evaluate the combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapeutic approaches in patients with advanced ovarian cancer being resistant to standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gottschalk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; E-Mails: (N.G.); (S.L.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45157 Essen, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45157 Essen, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; E-Mails: (N.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics, 38126 Braunschweig, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; E-Mails: (N.G.); (S.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-3193; Fax: +49-201-723-5196
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197
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Tada M, Ishii-Watabe A, Maekawa K, Fukushima-Uesaka H, Kurose K, Suzuki T, Kaniwa N, Sawada JI, Kawasaki N, Nakajima TE, Kato K, Yamada Y, Shimada Y, Yoshida T, Ura T, Saito M, Muro K, Doi T, Fuse N, Yoshino T, Ohtsu A, Saijo N, Okuda H, Hamaguchi T, Saito Y, Matsumura Y. Genetic polymorphisms of FCGR2A encoding Fcγ receptor IIa in a Japanese population and functional analysis of the L273P variant. Immunogenetics 2012; 64:869-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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198
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Oncogenic KRAS impairs EGFR antibodies' efficiency by C/EBPβ-dependent suppression of EGFR expression. Neoplasia 2012; 14:190-205. [PMID: 22496619 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with lack of benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed antibody (Ab) therapy. However, the mechanisms by which constitutively activated KRAS (KRAS(G12V)) impairs effector mechanisms of EGFR-Abs are incompletely understood. Here, we established isogenic cell line models to systematically investigate the impact of KRAS(G12V) on tumor growth in mouse A431 xenograft models as well as on various modes of action triggered by EGFR-Abs in vitro. KRAS(G12V) impaired EGFR-Ab-mediated growth inhibition by stimulating receptor-independent downstream signaling. KRAS(G12V) also rendered tumor cells less responsive to Fc-mediated effector mechanisms of EGFR-Abs-such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Impaired CDC and ADCC activities could be linked to reduced EGFR expression in KRAS-mutated versus wild-type (wt) cells, which was restored by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of KRAS4b. Immunohistochemistry experiments also revealed lower EGFR expression in KRAS-mutated versus KRAS-wt harboring CRC samples. Analyses of potential mechanisms by which KRAS(G12V) downregulated EGFR expression demonstrated significantly decreased activity of six distinct transcription factors. Additional experiments suggested the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family to be implicated in the regulation of EGFR promoter activity in KRAS-mutated tumor cells by suppressing EGFR transcription through up-regulation of the inhibitory family member C/EBPβ-LIP. Thus, siRNA-mediated knockdown of C/EBPβ led to enhanced EGFR expression and Ab-mediated cytotoxicity against KRAS-mutated cells. Together, these results demonstrate that KRAS(G12V) signaling induced C/EBPβ-dependent suppression of EGFR expression, thereby impairing Fc-mediated effector mechanisms of EGFR-Abs and rendering KRAS-mutated tumor cells less sensitive to these therapeutic agents.
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Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Bennouna J, Formento JL, Douillard JY, Francoual M, Hennebelle I, Chatelut E, Francois E, Faroux R, El Hannani C, Jacob JH, Milano G. Multifactorial pharmacogenetic analysis in colorectal cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil-based therapy together with cetuximab-irinotecan. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 73:776-85. [PMID: 22486600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the predictive value of gene polymorphisms potentially linked to toxicity, clinical response, time to progression and overall survival, following cetuximab-tegafur-uracil (UFT)-irinotecan therapy. METHODS Fifty-two patients with advanced colorectal cancer were enrolled in an ancillary pharmacogenetic study of the phase II CETUFTIRI trial. Treatment consisted of 21 day cycles of cetuximab (day 1-day 8-day 15, 250 mg m(-2) week(-1) following a 400 mg m(-2) initial dose) together with irinotecan (day 1, 250 mg m(-2)) and UFT-folinic acid (days 1-14, 250 mg m(-2) day(-1) UFT, 90 mg day(-1) folinic acid). Analysed gene polymorphisms (blood DNA) were as follows: EGFR (CA repeats in intron 1, -216G>T, -191C>A), EGF (61A>G), FCGR2A (131Arg>His), FCGR3A (158Phe>Val), UDP-glycosyltransferase1-polypeptide A1 (TA repeats), TYMS (28 bp repeats, including the G>C mutation on the 3R allele, 6 bp deletion in 3' UTR) and MTHFR (677C>T, 1298A>C). RESULTS Maximum toxicity grade was linked to EGFR-191C>A polymorphism, with 71.1% grade 3-4 toxicity in CC patients vs. 28.6% in other patients (P= 0.010). A tendency to a better response was observed in patients bearing the TYMS 3RG allele (P= 0.029) and those bearing the FCGR3A 158Val genotype (P= 0.020). The greater the score of favourable TYMS and FCGR3A genotypes, the better the response rate (P= 0.009) and the longer the overall survival (P= 0.007). In multivariate analysis, the score of favourable genotypes was a stronger survival predictor than the performance status. CONCLUSIONS Present data suggest the importance of FCGR3A 158Phe>Val and TYMS 5' UTR polymorphisms in responsiveness and survival of patients receiving cetuximab-fluoropyrimidine-based therapy.
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