151
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Wilmes S, Beutel O, Li Z, Francois-Newton V, Richter CP, Janning D, Kroll C, Hanhart P, Hötte K, You C, Uzé G, Pellegrini S, Piehler J. Receptor dimerization dynamics as a regulatory valve for plasticity of type I interferon signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:579-93. [PMID: 26008745 PMCID: PMC4442803 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) activate differential cellular responses through a shared cell surface receptor composed of the two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. We propose here a mechanistic model for how IFN receptor plasticity is regulated on the level of receptor dimerization. Quantitative single-molecule imaging of receptor assembly in the plasma membrane of living cells clearly identified IFN-induced dimerization of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. The negative feedback regulator ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) potently interferes with the recruitment of IFNAR1 into the ternary complex, probably by impeding complex stabilization related to the associated Janus kinases. Thus, the responsiveness to IFNα2 is potently down-regulated after the first wave of gene induction, while IFNβ, due to its ∼100-fold higher binding affinity, is still able to efficiently recruit IFNAR1. Consistent with functional data, this novel regulatory mechanism at the level of receptor assembly explains how signaling by IFNβ is maintained over longer times compared with IFNα2 as a temporally encoded cause of functional receptor plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wilmes
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Beutel
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Francois-Newton
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Christian P Richter
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Dennis Janning
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Cindy Kroll
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Patrizia Hanhart
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katharina Hötte
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gilles Uzé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Pellegrini
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
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152
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Abstract
Type-I interferon (IFN)-induced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in translational control of mRNAs encoding interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, mTOR-sensitive translatomes commonly include mRNAs with a 5’ terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP), such as those encoding ribosomal proteins, but not ISGs. Because these translatomes were obtained under conditions when ISG expression is not induced, we examined the mTOR-sensitive translatome in human WISH cells stimulated with IFN β. The mTOR inhibitor Torin1 resulted in a repression of global protein synthesis, including that of ISG products, and translation of all but 3 ISG mRNAs (TLR3, NT5C3A, and RNF19B) was not selectively more sensitive to mTOR inhibition. Detailed studies of NT5C3A revealed an IFN-induced change in transcription start site resulting in a switch from a non-TOP to a TOP-like transcript variant and mTOR sensitive translation. Thus, we show that, in the cell model used, translation of the vast majority of ISG mRNAs is not selectively sensitive to mTOR activity and describe an uncharacterized mechanism wherein the 5’-UTR of an mRNA is altered in response to a cytokine, resulting in a shift from mTOR-insensitive to mTOR-sensitive translation.
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153
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Liu B, Chen S, Guan Y, Chen L. Type III Interferon Induces Distinct SOCS1 Expression Pattern that Contributes to Delayed but Prolonged Activation of Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway: Implications for Treatment Non-Response in HCV Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133800. [PMID: 26193702 PMCID: PMC4508043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) has long been thought to block type I interferon signaling. However, IFN-λ, a type III IFN with limited receptor expression in hepatic cells, efficiently inhibits HCV (Hepatitis C virus) replication in vivo with potentially less side effects than IFN-α. Previous studies demonstrated that type I and type III activated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) signaling pathway differently, with delayed but prolonged activation by IFN-λ stimulation compared to IFNα/β. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation is not well understood. Here, we found that there are distinct differences in SOCS1 expression patterns in Huh-7.5.1 cells following stimulation with IFN-α and IFN-λ. IFN-λ induced a faster but shorter expression of SOCS1. Furthermore, we confirmed that SOCS1 over-expression abrogates anti-HCV effect of both IFN-α and IFN-λ, leading to increased HCV RNA replication in both HCV replicon cells and JFH1 HCV culture system. In line with this, SOCS1 over-expression inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation, attenuated IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE) reporter activity, and blocked IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression. Finally, we measured SOCS1 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without IFN-α treatment from 48 chronic hepatitis C patients and we found the baseline SOCS1 expression levels are higher in treatment non-responders than in responders before IFN-α treatment. Taken together, SOCS1 acts as a suppressor for both type I and type III IFNs and is negatively associated with sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-based therapy in patients with HCV. More importantly, faster but shorter induction of SOCS1 by IFN-λ may contribute to delayed but prolonged activation of IFN signaling and ISG expression kinetics by type III IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Chen
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Guan
- Guangzhou No.8 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Chen
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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154
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USP18 Sensitivity of Peptide Transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129365. [PMID: 26046984 PMCID: PMC4457862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
USP18 (Ubiquitin-like specific protease 18) is an enzyme cleaving ubiquitin from target proteins. USP18 plays a pivotal role in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. On the other hand, ubiquitination participates in the regulation of several ion channels and transporters. USP18 sensitivity of transporters has, however, never been reported. The present study thus explored, whether USP18 modifies the activity of the peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2, and whether the peptide transporters are sensitive to the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2. To this end, cRNA encoding PEPT1 or PEPT2 was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding USP18. Electrogenic peptide (glycine-glycine) transport was determined by dual electrode voltage clamp. As a result, in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with cRNA encoding PEPT1 or PEPT2, but not in oocytes injected with water or with USP18 alone, application of the dipeptide gly-gly (2 mM) was followed by the appearance of an inward current (Igly-gly). Coexpression of USP18 significantly increased Igly-gly in both PEPT1 and PEPT2 expressing oocytes. Kinetic analysis revealed that coexpression of USP18 increased maximal Igly-gly. Conversely, overexpression of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 decreased Igly-gly. Coexpression of USP30 similarly increased Igly-gly in PEPT1 expressing oocytes. In conclusion, USP18 sensitive cellular functions include activity of the peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
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155
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Abstract
Dissection of the genetic basis of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome has highlighted a fundamental link between nucleic acid metabolism, innate immune sensors and type I interferon induction. This had led to the concept of the human interferonopathies as a broader set of Mendelian disorders in which a constitutive upregulation of type I interferon activity directly relates to disease pathology. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of the interferonopathies, their categorization, future treatment strategies and the insights they provide into normal physiology.
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156
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Sultanik PS, Casrouge A, Alanio C, Mottez E, Rosa-Hézode I, Hézode C, Renard P, Bousquet L, Pellet P, Uzé G, Pol S, Albert ML, Mallet V. Baseline sensitivity of T cells to alpha-IFN correlates with sustained virological response to IFN-based triple therapy in HCV infection. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:524-34. [PMID: 25382001 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with HCV is a public health problem with approximately 170 million people infected worldwide. Interferon alpha (IFNα) sensitivity in liver and IL28B genotype has been identified as important determinants of HCV clearance in the setting of pegylated interferon/ribavirin treatment. Herein, we explored IFNα sensitivity in PBMC from 21 healthy donors and 21 HCV-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin and HCV nonstructural protein-3 inhibitors (i.e. telaprevir/boceprevir). We explored phospho-STAT1 level as read-out for IFN signalling pathway activation in PBMC, T cells and monocytes and correlated results with virological response. We found that PBMC from healthy donors are desensitized to IFNα after priming and challenged with IFNα, with a subsequent decrease of phospho-STAT1 and interferon-stimulated genes. Furthermore, we show that CD3+ T cells, but not monocytes, become desensitized after 4 weeks of treatment, with a significant decrease of phospho-STAT1 after ex vivo IFNα stimulation. Finally, we identified baseline phospho-STAT1 level in CD3+ T cells as a potential biomarker of sustained virological response, regardless of the IL28B genotype. In the upcoming costly era of IFN-sparing regimen, baseline IFNα sensitivity could act as biomarker to define cost-effectiveness strategies of treatment by identifying patients who will or will not respond to IFN-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-S Sultanik
- INSERM (UMR-S 1016), Université Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin-Port Royal, Service d'hépatologie, Paris, France
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157
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Short B. Dimerization dictates the message. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2015. [PMCID: PMC4442818 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2094if] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback regulation of receptor dimerization determines the cell’s response to different interferons.
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158
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IFN-λ: A New Class of Interferon with Distinct Functions-Implications for Hepatitis C Virus Research. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:796461. [PMID: 26078754 PMCID: PMC4452855 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) is widely used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection with notorious adverse reactions since the broad expression of IFN-α receptors on all nucleated cells. Accordingly, a Type III IFN with restricted receptors distribution is much safer as an alternative for HCV therapy. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the human IFN-λ3 gene, IL-28B, correlate strongly with the ability to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) to therapy with pegylated IFN-α plus ribavirin in patients infected with chronic hepatitis C. Furthermore, we also discuss the most recent findings: IFN-λ4 predicts treatment outcomes of HCV infection. In consideration of the apparent limitations of current HCV therapy, especially high failure rate and universal side effects, prediction of treatment outcomes prior to the initiation of treatment and developing new alternative drugs are two important goals in HCV research.
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159
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Edvardsen K, Bjånesøy T, Hellesen A, Breivik L, Bakke M, Husebye ES, Bratland E. Peripheral Blood Cells from Patients with Autoimmune Addison's Disease Poorly Respond to Interferons In Vitro, Despite Elevated Serum Levels of Interferon-Inducible Chemokines. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:759-70. [PMID: 25978633 PMCID: PMC4589105 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is a disorder caused by an immunological attack on the adrenal cortex. The interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokine CXCL10 is elevated in serum of AAD patients, suggesting a peripheral IFN signature. However, CXCL10 can also be induced in adrenocortical cells stimulated with IFNs, cytokines, or microbial components. We therefore investigated whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AAD patients display an enhanced propensity to produce CXCL10 and the related chemokine CXCL9, after stimulation with type I or II IFNs or the IFN inducer poly (I:C). Although serum levels of CXCL10 and CXCL9 were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls, IFN stimulated patient PBMC produced significantly less CXCL10/CXCL9 than control PBMC. Low CXCL10 production was not significantly associated with medication, disease duration, or comorbidities, but the low production of poly (I:C)-induced CXCL10 among patients was associated with an AAD risk allele in the phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene. PBMC levels of total STAT1 and -2, and IFN-induced phosphorylated STAT1 and -2, were not significantly different between patients and controls. We conclude that PBMC from patients with AAD are deficient in their response to IFNs, and that the adrenal cortex itself may be responsible for the increased serum levels of CXCL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Edvardsen
- 1 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine Bjånesøy
- 2 Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Hellesen
- 1 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway .,3 Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Breivik
- 1 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Bakke
- 2 Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- 1 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway .,3 Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Bratland
- 1 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
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160
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Capobianchi MR, Uleri E, Caglioti C, Dolei A. Type I IFN family members: similarity, differences and interaction. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:103-11. [PMID: 25466633 PMCID: PMC7108279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are key cytokines with multifaceted antiviral and cell-modulatory properties. Three distinct types of IFN are recognized (I-III) based on structural features, receptor usage, cellular source and biological activities. The action of IFNs is mediated by a complex, partially overlapping, transcriptional program initiated by the interaction with specific receptors. Genetic diversity, with polymorphisms and mutations, can modulate the extent of IFN responses and the susceptibility to infections. Almost all viruses developed mechanisms to subvert the IFN response, involving both IFN induction and effector mechanisms. Interactions between IFN types may occur, for both antiviral and cell-modulatory effects, in a complex interplay, involving both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Interferon-associated diseases, not related to virus infections may occur, some of them frequently observed in IFN-treated patients. On the whole, IFNs are pleiotropic biologic response modifiers, that, upon activation of thousands genes, induce a broad spectrum of activities, regulating cell cycle, differentiation, plasma membrane molecules, release of mediators, etc., that can be relevant for cell proliferation, innate and adaptive immunity, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and other body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Uleri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Caglioti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonina Dolei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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161
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Impairment of type I but not type III IFN signaling by hepatitis C virus infection influences antiviral responses in primary human hepatocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121734. [PMID: 25826356 PMCID: PMC4380495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda), a type III interferon (IFN), acts through a unique receptor complex with limited cellular expression outside the liver which may result in a differentiated tolerability profile compared to peginterferon alfa (alfa). In Phase 2b clinical studies, Lambda administered in combination with ribavirin (RBV) was efficacious in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection representing genotypes 1 through 4, and was associated with more rapid declines in HCV RNA compared to alfa plus RBV. To gain insights into potential mechanisms for this finding, we investigated the effects of HCV replication on IFN signaling in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and in induced hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs). HCV infection resulted in rapid down-regulation of the type I IFN-α receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) transcript in hepatocytes while the transcriptional level of the unique IFN-λ receptor subunit IL28RA was transiently increased. In line with this observation, IFN signaling was selectively impaired in infected cells upon stimulation with alfa but not in response to Lambda. Importantly, in contrast to alfa, Lambda was able to induce IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in HCV-infected hepatocytes, reflecting the onset of innate responses. Moreover, global transcriptome analysis in hepatocytes indicated that Lambda stimulation prolonged the expression of various ISGs that are potentially beneficial to antiviral defense mechanisms. Collectively, these observed effects of HCV infection on IFN receptor expression and signaling within infected hepatocytes provide a possible explanation for the more pronounced early virologic responses observed in patients treated with Lambda compared to alfa.
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162
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Hu S, Hosey KL, Derbigny WA. Analyses of the pathways involved in early- and late-phase induction of IFN-beta during C. muridarum infection of oviduct epithelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119235. [PMID: 25798928 PMCID: PMC4370658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the IFN-β secreted by Chlamydia muridarum-infected murine oviduct epithelial cells (OE cells) was mostly dependent on the TLR3 signaling pathway. To further characterize the mechanisms of IFN-β synthesis during Chlamydia infection of OE cells in vitro, we utilized specific inhibitory drugs to clarify the roles of IRF3 and NF-κB on both early- and late-phase C. muridarum infections. Our results showed that the pathways involved in the early-phase of IFN-β production were distinct from that in the late-phase of IFN-β production. Disruption of IRF3 activation using an inhibitor of TBK-1 at early-phase Chlamydia infection had a significant impact on the overall synthesis of IFN-β; however, disruption of IRF3 activation at late times during infection had no effect. Interestingly, inhibition of NF-κB early during Chlamydia infection also had a negative effect on IFN-β production; however, its impact was not significant. Our data show that the transcription factor IRF7 was induced late during Chlamydia infection, which is indicative of a positive feedback mechanism of IFN-β synthesis late during infection. In contrast, IRF7 appears to play little or no role in the early synthesis of IFN-β during Chlamydia infection. Finally, we demonstrate that antibiotics that target chlamydial DNA replication are much more effective at reducing IFN-β synthesis during infection versus antibiotics that target chlamydial transcription. These results provide evidence that early- and late-phase IFN-β production have distinct signaling pathways in Chlamydia-infected OE cells, and suggest that Chlamydia DNA replication might provide a link to the currently unknown chlamydial PAMP for TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sishun Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kristen L. Hosey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Wilbert A. Derbigny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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163
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Read SA, Tay ES, Shahidi M, McLauchlan J, George J, Douglas MW. The Mechanism of Interferon Refractoriness During Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Its Reversal with a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonist. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:488-97. [PMID: 25734487 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients who respond poorly to therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection display a characteristic phenotype with high basal hepatic interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, but limited induction following interferon (IFN) treatment. The molecular pathways that mediate this refractory state are not known. We examined whether the AMPK activator metformin, the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, or the PPARα agonist WY-14643 could potentiate IFN responses, reverse IFN refractoriness, and enhance viral eradication in hepatocytes. WY-14643 demonstrated the strongest antiviral synergy with IFN-α and so was tested in the context of chronic IFN activation. Cells rendered refractory to IFN by IFN-α pretreatment were resensitized by WY-14643, as demonstrated by improved STAT1 phosphorylation, promoter activation, and ISG expression. WY-14643 treatment reduced the expression of key negative regulators of IFN signaling: the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and 3, which are upregulated in the IFN-refractory state. AXL is a novel regulator of IFN-α signaling that is induced by HCV infection in vitro and which may drive SOCS3 expression. Our data suggests that PPARα agonists could be a useful adjunct treatment for chronic HCV infection by reducing the expression of AXL/SOCS and increasing the sensitivity to IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Read
- 1 Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital , Westmead, Australia
| | - Enoch S Tay
- 1 Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital , Westmead, Australia
| | - Mahsa Shahidi
- 1 Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital , Westmead, Australia
| | - John McLauchlan
- 2 MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research , Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob George
- 1 Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital , Westmead, Australia
| | - Mark W Douglas
- 1 Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital , Westmead, Australia .,2 MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research , Glasgow, United Kingdom .,3 Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital , Westmead, Australia
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164
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Porritt RA, Hertzog PJ. Dynamic control of type I IFN signalling by an integrated network of negative regulators. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:150-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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165
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The molecular basis for functional plasticity in type I interferon signaling. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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166
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Harari D, Orr I, Rotkopf R, Baranzini SE, Schreiber G. A robust type I interferon gene signature from blood RNA defines quantitative but not qualitative differences between three major IFN drugs in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3192-205. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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167
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Hoffmann HH, Schneider WM, Rice CM. Interferons and viruses: an evolutionary arms race of molecular interactions. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:124-38. [PMID: 25704559 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over half a century has passed since interferons (IFNs) were discovered and shown to inhibit virus infection in cultured cells. Since then, researchers have steadily brought to light the molecular details of IFN signaling, catalogued their pleiotropic effects on cells, and harnessed their therapeutic potential for a variety of maladies. While advances have been plentiful, several fundamental questions have yet to be answered and much complexity remains to be unraveled. We explore the current knowledge surrounding four main questions: are type I IFN subtypes differentially produced in response to distinct pathogens? How are IFN subtypes distinguished by cells? What are the mechanisms and consequences of viral antagonism? Lastly, how can the IFN response be harnessed to improve vaccine efficacy?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Bordi L, Lalle E, Caglioti C, Travaglini D, Lapa D, Marsella P, Quartu S, Kis Z, Arien KK, Huemer HP, Meschi S, Ippolito G, Di Caro A, Capobianchi MR, Castilletti C. Antagonistic antiviral activity between IFN-lambda and IFN-alpha against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116816. [PMID: 25693189 PMCID: PMC4333211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the causative agent of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, a severe disease with a mortality rate of around 30% in humans. Previous studies demonstrate that pre-treatment with type I IFNs have an antiviral effect against CCHFV, while established CCHFV infection is almost insensitive to subsequent IFN-α treatment. No data concerning type III IFNs antiviral activity against CCHFV are available so far. The aim of the present study was to explore the capability of IFN-λ1 to inhibit the replication of CCHFV and the possible synergism/antagonism between IFN-α and IFN-λ1 both in the inhibition of CCHFV replication and in the activation of intracellular pathways of IFN response. METHODS Human A549 and HuH7 cells were treated with increasing amounts of IFN-λ1, or IFN-α or a combination of them, infected with CCHF; the extent of virus yield inhibition and the induction of MxA and 2'-5'OAS mRNA was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our study pointed out that type III IFN possess an antiviral activity against CCHFV, even if lower than type I IFN. Moreover, a clear antagonism between IFN-λ and IFN-α was observed in both cell lines (A549 and HuH7 cells), in terms of antiviral effect and activation of pivotal ISGs, i.e. MxA and 2'-5'OAS. Elucidating the interplay between type I and III IFNs will help to better understand innate defence mechanisms against viral infections and may provide novel scientific evidence for a more rational planning of available and future treatments, particularly against human diseases caused by high concern viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Caglioti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Travaglini
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marsella
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Quartu
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Zoltan Kis
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kevin K. Arien
- Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hartwig P. Huemer
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology & Social Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Caro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biorepository, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria R. Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
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Selective inactivation of USP18 isopeptidase activity in vivo enhances ISG15 conjugation and viral resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1577-82. [PMID: 25605921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412881112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein modification by the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 is an interferon (IFN) effector system, which plays a major role in antiviral defense. ISG15 modification is counteracted by the isopeptidase USP18, a major negative regulator of IFN signaling, which was also shown to exert its regulatory function in an isopeptidase-independent manner. To dissect enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions of USP18 in vivo, we generated knock-in mice (USP18(C61A/C61A)) expressing enzymatically inactive USP18. USP18(C61A/C61A) mice displayed increased levels of ISG15 conjugates, validating that USP18 is a major ISG15 isopeptidase in vivo. Unlike USP18(-/-) mice, USP18(C61A/C61A) animals did not exhibit morphological abnormalities, fatal IFN hypersensitivity, or increased lethality, clearly showing that major USP18 functions are unrelated to its protease activity. Strikingly, elevated ISGylation in USP18(C61A/C61A) mice was accompanied by increased viral resistance against vaccinia virus and influenza B virus infections. Enhanced resistance upon influenza B infection in USP18(C61A/C61A) mice was completely reversed in USP18(C61A/C61A) mice, which additionally lack ISG15, providing evidence that the observed reduction in viral titers is ISG15 dependent. These results suggest that increasing ISGylation by specific inhibition of USP18 protease activity could constitute a promising antiviral strategy with only a minimal risk of severe adverse effects.
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170
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Löchte S, Waichman S, Beutel O, You C, Piehler J. Live cell micropatterning reveals the dynamics of signaling complexes at the plasma membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:407-18. [PMID: 25385185 PMCID: PMC4226739 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201406032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of micropatterned surfaces that bind HaloTag fusion proteins allows spatial organization of plasma membrane proteins for efficient visualization and quantification of protein–protein interactions in live cells. Interactions of proteins in the plasma membrane are notoriously challenging to study under physiological conditions. We report in this paper a generic approach for spatial organization of plasma membrane proteins into micropatterns as a tool for visualizing and quantifying interactions with extracellular, intracellular, and transmembrane proteins in live cells. Based on a protein-repellent poly(ethylene glycol) polymer brush, micropatterned surface functionalization with the HaloTag ligand for capturing HaloTag fusion proteins and RGD peptides promoting cell adhesion was devised. Efficient micropatterning of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor subunit IFNAR2 fused to the HaloTag was achieved, and highly specific IFN binding to the receptor was detected. The dynamics of this interaction could be quantified on the single molecule level, and IFN-induced receptor dimerization in micropatterns could be monitored. Assembly of active signaling complexes was confirmed by immunostaining of phosphorylated Janus family kinases, and the interaction dynamics of cytosolic effector proteins recruited to the receptor complex were unambiguously quantified by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Löchte
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sharon Waichman
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Beutel
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Wang X, Hruska M, Chan P, Ahmad A, Freeman J, Horga MA, Hillson J, Kansra V, Lopez-Talavera JC. Derivation of Phase 3 dosing for peginterferon lambda-1a in chronic hepatitis C, Part 1: Modeling optimal treatment duration and sustained virologic response rates. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:63-72. [PMID: 25043197 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda) is under clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV, respectively) infection. This is the first of two manuscripts detailing the pharmacodynamic derivation of Lambda dosing and treatment durations for Phase 3 studies in HCV, based on Phase 2 data. We describe here the derivation of a population model of Lambda exposure; the adaptation of a previously published viral dynamic model for Lambda treatment and host genotype, and its use to simulate sustained virologic responses (SVR). Lambda population pharmacokinetics was described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption, and 33.0 L per day clearance with 47% interindividual (36% intra-individual) variability. Weight explained a negligible proportion of the variability. Based on SVR predictions, optimum treatment durations were 48 weeks for HCV genotypes 1 or 4 (SVR estimates for 120, 180, and 240 μg Lambda: 58%, 54%, 47%, respectively) and 24 weeks for genotypes 2 or 3 (75%, 72%, 67%). SVR predictions for 240 μg were lower due to dropout predictions. The SVR model established the optimum treatment duration for Phase 3 studies but did not differentiate between 120 and 180 μg dosing. A companion manuscript describes dose selection based on exposure-response/safety modeling.
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172
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Terczyńska-Dyla E, Bibert S, Duong FHT, Krol I, Jørgensen S, Collinet E, Kutalik Z, Aubert V, Cerny A, Kaiser L, Malinverni R, Mangia A, Moradpour D, Müllhaupt B, Negro F, Santoro R, Semela D, Semmo N, Heim MH, Bochud PY, Hartmann R. Reduced IFNλ4 activity is associated with improved HCV clearance and reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5699. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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173
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Muir AJ, Arora S, Everson G, Flisiak R, George J, Ghalib R, Gordon SC, Gray T, Greenbloom S, Hassanein T, Hillson J, Horga MA, Jacobson IM, Jeffers L, Kowdley KV, Lawitz E, Lueth S, Rodriguez-Torres M, Rustgi V, Shemanski L, Shiffman ML, Srinivasan S, Vargas HE, Vierling JM, Xu D, Lopez-Talavera JC, Zeuzem S. A randomized phase 2b study of peginterferon lambda-1a for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. J Hepatol 2014; 61:1238-46. [PMID: 25064437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda) is a type-III interferon with similar antiviral activity to alfa interferons but with a diminished extrahepatic receptor distribution, reducing the risk for extrahepatic adverse events. METHODS This was a randomized, blinded, actively-controlled, multicentre phase 2b dose-ranging study in patients chronically infected with HCV genotypes 1-4. Treatment-naive patients received Lambda (120/180/240 μg) or peginterferon alfa-2a (alfa; 180 μg) once-weekly with ribavirin for 24 (genotypes [GT] 2,3) or 48 (GT1,4) weeks. RESULTS Rates of undetectable HCV-RNA at week 12 (complete early virologic response [cEVR]; primary end point) were significantly higher in GT1,4 patients receiving Lambda vs. alfa (170/304, 56% vs. 38/103, 37%); with similar cEVR rates for GT2,3 (80/88, 91% vs. 26/30, 87%). Rates of undetectable HCV-RNA at week 4 were significantly higher on 180 μg (15/102, 15% GT1,4; 22/29, 76% GT2,3) and 240 μg (17/104, 16% GT1,4; 20/30, 67% GT2,3) Lambda than alfa (6/103, 6% GT1,4; 9/30, 30% GT2,3). Sustained virologic responses (post-treatment week 24) were comparable between Lambda and alfa for GT1,4 (37-46% Lambda; 37% alfa) and GT2,3 (60-76% Lambda; 53% alfa). Aminotransferase and/or bilirubin elevations were the primary dose-limiting abnormalities for Lambda; a sponsor-mandated 240 to 180 μg dose reduction was therefore implemented. Serious adverse events were comparable (3-13% Lambda; 3-7% alfa). Grade 3-4 haemoglobin, neutrophil, and platelet reductions were lower on Lambda than alfa. Among alfa patients, 28/133 (21%) had peginterferon and 31/133 (23%) had ribavirin dose reductions for haematologic abnormalities vs. 0/392 and 8/392 (2%) on Lambda. Lambda demonstrated fewer musculoskeletal (16-28% vs. 47-63%) and influenza-like events (8-23% vs. 40-46%) than alfa. CONCLUSION Lambda was associated with improved or similar rates of virologic response with fewer extrahepatic adverse events than alfa in chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Muir
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacob George
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead Millennium Institute and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Reem Ghalib
- Texas Clinical Research Institute, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Todd Gray
- ZymoGenetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jan Hillson
- ZymoGenetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Lawitz
- The Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Lueth
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John M Vierling
- Advanced Liver Therapies at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | | | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Medicine, JW Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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Tomasello E, Pollet E, Vu Manh TP, Uzé G, Dalod M. Harnessing Mechanistic Knowledge on Beneficial Versus Deleterious IFN-I Effects to Design Innovative Immunotherapies Targeting Cytokine Activity to Specific Cell Types. Front Immunol 2014; 5:526. [PMID: 25400632 PMCID: PMC4214202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) were identified over 50 years ago as cytokines critical for host defense against viral infections. IFN-I promote anti-viral defense through two main mechanisms. First, IFN-I directly reinforce or induce de novo in potentially all cells the expression of effector molecules of intrinsic anti-viral immunity. Second, IFN-I orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-viral immunity. However, IFN-I responses can be deleterious for the host in a number of circumstances, including secondary bacterial or fungal infections, several autoimmune diseases, and, paradoxically, certain chronic viral infections. We will review the proposed nature of protective versus deleterious IFN-I responses in selected diseases. Emphasis will be put on the potentially deleterious functions of IFN-I in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and on the respective roles of IFN-I and IFN-III in promoting resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We will then discuss how the balance between beneficial versus deleterious IFN-I responses is modulated by several key parameters including (i) the subtypes and dose of IFN-I produced, (ii) the cell types affected by IFN-I, and (iii) the source and timing of IFN-I production. Finally, we will speculate how integration of this knowledge combined with advanced biochemical manipulation of the activity of the cytokines should allow designing innovative immunotherapeutic treatments in patients. Specifically, we will discuss how induction or blockade of specific IFN-I responses in targeted cell types could promote the beneficial functions of IFN-I and/or dampen their deleterious effects, in a manner adapted to each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tomasello
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
| | - Emeline Pollet
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
| | - Gilles Uzé
- UMR 5235, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Montpellier II , Montpellier , France
| | - Marc Dalod
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France ; U1104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille , France
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175
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Human intracellular ISG15 prevents interferon-α/β over-amplification and auto-inflammation. Nature 2014; 517:89-93. [PMID: 25307056 DOI: 10.1038/nature13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular ISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-α/β-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier which can covalently bind other proteins in a process called ISGylation; it is an effector of IFN-α/β-dependent antiviral immunity in mice. We previously published a study describing humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency but without unusually severe viral diseases. We showed that these patients were prone to mycobacterial disease and that human ISG15 was non-redundant as an extracellular IFN-γ-inducing molecule. We show here that ISG15-deficient patients also display unanticipated cellular, immunological and clinical signs of enhanced IFN-α/β immunity, reminiscent of the Mendelian autoinflammatory interferonopathies Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and spondyloenchondrodysplasia. We further show that an absence of intracellular ISG15 in the patients' cells prevents the accumulation of USP18, a potent negative regulator of IFN-α/β signalling, resulting in the enhancement and amplification of IFN-α/β responses. Human ISG15, therefore, is not only redundant for antiviral immunity, but is a key negative regulator of IFN-α/β immunity. In humans, intracellular ISG15 is IFN-α/β-inducible not to serve as a substrate for ISGylation-dependent antiviral immunity, but to ensure USP18-dependent regulation of IFN-α/β and prevention of IFN-α/β-dependent autoinflammation.
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176
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Suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 are upregulated in brain resident cells in response to virus-induced inflammation of the central nervous system via at least two distinctive pathways. J Virol 2014; 88:14090-104. [PMID: 25253351 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01346-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are intracellular proteins that inhibit cytokine signaling in a variety of cell types. A number of viral infections have been associated with SOCS upregulation; however, not much is known about the mechanisms regulating SOCS expression during viral infection. In this study, we used two pathologically distinct intracerebral (i.c.) infection models to characterize temporal and spatial aspects of SOCS expression in the virus-infected central nervous system (CNS), and by employing various knockout mouse models, we sought to identify regulatory mechanisms that may underlie a virus induced upregulation of SOCS in the CNS. We found that i.c. infection with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or yellow fever virus (YF) results in gradual upregulation of SOCS1/3 mRNA expression peaking at day 7 postinfection (p.i.). In the LCMV model, SOCS mRNA was expressed in brain resident cells, including astrocytes and some neurons, and for SOCS1 in particular this upregulation was almost entirely mediated by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) produced by infiltrating T cells. After infection with YF, we also found SOCS expression to be upregulated in brain resident cells with a peak on day 7 p.i., but in this model, the upregulation was only partially dependent on IFN-γ and T cells, indicating that at least one other mediator was involved in the upregulation of SOCS following YF infection. We conclude that virus-induced inflammation of the CNS is associated with upregulation of SOCS1/3 mRNA expression in brain resident cells and that at least two distinctive pathways can lead to this upregulation. IMPORTANCE In the present report, we have studied the induction of SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression in the context of virus-induced CNS infection. We found that both a noncytolytic and a cytolytic virus induce marked upregulation of SOCS1 and -3 expression. Notably, the kinetics of the observed upregulation follows that of activity within proinflammatory signaling pathways and, interestingly, type II interferon (IFN), which is also a key inducer of inflammatory mediators, seems to be essential in initiating this counterinflammatory response. Another key observation is that not only cells of the immune system but also CNS resident cells are actively involved in both the pro- and the counterinflammatory immune circuits; thus, for example, astrocytes upregulate both C-X-C-motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and SOCS when exposed to type II IFN in vivo.
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177
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Egli A, Levin A, Santer DM, Joyce M, O'Shea D, Thomas BS, Lisboa LF, Barakat K, Bhat R, Fischer KP, Houghton M, Tyrrell DL, Kumar D, Humar A. Immunomodulatory Function of Interleukin 28B during primary infection with cytomegalovirus. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:717-27. [PMID: 24620020 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feedback mechanisms between interferons α and λ (IFNs) may be affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in interleukin 28B (IL-28B; IFN-λ3) promoter region and may influence cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication. METHODS We associated IL-28B SNPs with the risk of CMV replication after transplantation. Next, we examined the effect of IL-28B genotypes on IL-28B, and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, and CMV replication in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Transplant recipients with an IL-28B SNP (rs8099917) had significantly less CMV replication (P = .036). Both HFF-cells and PBMCs with a SNP showed lower IL-28B expression during infection with CMV, but higher "antiviral" ISG expression (eg, OAS1). Fibroblasts with a SNP had a 3-log reduction of CMV replication at day 4 (P = .004). IL-28B pretreatment induced ISG expression in noninfected fibroblasts, but a relative decrease of ISG expression could be observed in CMV-infected fibroblasts. The inhibitory effects of IL-28B could be abolished by siRNA or antagonistic peptides against the IL-28 receptor. In fibroblasts, inhibition of IL-28 signaling resulted in an increase of ISG expression and 3-log reduction of CMV-replication (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS We postulate that IL-28B may act as a key regulator of ISG expression during primary CMV infection. IL-28B SNPs may be associated with higher antiviral ISG expression, which results in better replication control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Egli
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Infection Biology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aviad Levin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Joyce
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daire O'Shea
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brad S Thomas
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luiz F Lisboa
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Rakesh Bhat
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karl P Fischer
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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178
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Gondeau C, Briolotti P, Razafy F, Duret C, Rubbo PA, Helle F, Rème T, Ripault MP, Ducos J, Fabre JM, Ramos J, Pécheur EI, Larrey D, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M. In vitro infection of primary human hepatocytes by HCV-positive sera: insights on a highly relevant model. Gut 2014; 63:1490-500. [PMID: 24153249 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) support the complete infection cycle of natural HCV from patients' sera. The molecular details underlying sera infectivity towards these cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to gain a deeper comprehension of these features in the most physiologically relevant culture system. DESIGN Using kinetic experiments, we defined the optimal conditions to infect PHH and explored the link between cell organisation and permissivity. Based on their infectivity, about 120 sera were classified in three groups. Concentration of 52 analytes was measured in 79 selected sera using multiplexed immunobead-based analyte profiling. RESULTS PHH permissivity towards HCV infection negatively correlated with cell polarisation and formation of functional bile canaliculi. PHH supported HCV replication for at least 2 weeks with de novo virus production. Depending on their reactivity, sera could be classified in three groups of high, intermediate or low infectivity toward PHH. Infectivity could not be predicted based on the donors' clinical characteristics, viral load or genotype. Interestingly, highly infectious sera displayed a specific cytokine profile with low levels of most of the 52 tested analytes. Among them, 24 cytokines/growth factors could impact hepatocyte biology and infection efficiency. CONCLUSIONS We identified critical factors leading to efficient PHH infection by HCV sera in vitro. Overall, we showed that this cellular model provides a useful tool for studying the mechanism of HCV infection in its natural host cell, selecting highly infectious isolates, and determining the potency of drugs towards various HCV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gondeau
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Briolotti
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Francia Razafy
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Duret
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Rubbo
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France INSERM U1058, Montpellier, France
| | - François Helle
- EA4294, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Thierry Rème
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Ripault
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Ducos
- INSERM U1058, Montpellier, France Département de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Fabre
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ramos
- Pathological anatomy department, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Eve-Isabelle Pécheur
- UMR INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Department of Hepato-gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Maurel
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France CHU Saint Eloi, Institute of Research in Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
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179
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Egli A, Santer DM, O'Shea D, Tyrrell DL, Houghton M. The impact of the interferon-lambda family on the innate and adaptive immune response to viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2014; 3:e51. [PMID: 26038748 PMCID: PMC4126180 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type-III interferons (IFN-λ, IFNL) are the most recently described family of IFNs. This family of innate cytokines are increasingly being ascribed pivotal roles in host-pathogen interactions. Herein, we will review the accumulating evidence detailing the immune biology of IFNL during viral infection, and the implications of this novel information on means to advance the development of therapies and vaccines against existing and emerging pathogens. IFNLs exert antiviral effects via induction of IFN-stimulated genes. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFNL3, IFNL4 and the IFNL receptor α-subunit genes have been strongly associated with IFN-α-based treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The clinical impact of these SNPs may be dependent on the status of viral infection (acute or chronic) and the potential to develop viral resistance. Another important function of IFNLs is macrophage and dendritic cell polarization, which prime helper T-cell activation and proliferation. It has been demonstrated that IFNL increase Th1- and reduce Th2-cytokines. Therefore, can such SNPs affect the IFNL signaling and thereby modulate the Th1/Th2 balance during infection? In turn, this may influence the subsequent priming of cytotoxic T cells versus antibody-secreting B cells, with implications for the breadth and durability of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Egli
- Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel , 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Basel , 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Daire O'Shea
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada ; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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180
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Reid E, Charleston B. Type I and III interferon production in response to RNA viruses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:649-58. [PMID: 24956361 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of RNA viruses is closely linked to the type I and type III interferon (IFN) response of the host. These viruses display a range of molecular patterns that may be detected by host cells resulting in the induction of IFNs. Consequently, there are many examples of mechanisms employed by RNA viruses to block or delay IFN induction and reduce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), a necessary step in the virus lifecycle because of the capacity of IFNs to block virus replication. Efficient transmission of viruses depends, in part, on maintaining a balance between virus replication and host survival; specialized host cells, such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, can sense viral molecular patterns and produce IFNs to help maintain this balance. There are now many examples of RNA viruses inducing type I and type III IFNs, and although these IFNs act through different receptors, in many systems studied, they induce a similar spectrum of genes. However, there may be a difference in the temporal expression pattern, with more prolonged expression of ISGs in response to type III IFN compared with type I IFN. There are also examples of synergy between type I and type III IFNs to induce antiviral responses. Clearly, it is important to understand the different roles of these IFNs in the antiviral response in vivo. One of the most striking differences between these 2 IFN systems is the distribution of the receptors: type I IFN receptors are expressed on most cells, yet type III receptor expression is restricted primarily to epithelial cells but has also been demonstrated on other cells, including dendritic cells. There is increasing evidence that type III IFNs are a key control mechanism against RNA viruses that infect respiratory and enteric epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Reid
- Viral Immunology, The Pirbright Institute , Surrey, United Kingdom
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181
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Levin D, Schneider WM, Hoffmann HH, Yarden G, Busetto AG, Manor O, Sharma N, Rice CM, Schreiber G. Multifaceted activities of type I interferon are revealed by a receptor antagonist. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra50. [PMID: 24866020 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs), including various IFN-α isoforms and IFN-β, are a family of homologous, multifunctional cytokines. IFNs activate different cellular responses by binding to a common receptor that consists of two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. In addition to stimulating antiviral responses, they also inhibit cell proliferation and modulate other immune responses. We characterized various IFNs, including a mutant IFN-α2 (IFN-1ant) that bound tightly to IFNAR2 but had markedly reduced binding to IFNAR1. Whereas IFN-1ant stimulated antiviral activity in a range of cell lines, it failed to elicit immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities. The antiviral activities of the various IFNs tested depended on a set of IFN-sensitive genes (the "robust" genes) that were controlled by canonical IFN response elements and responded at low concentrations of IFNs. Conversely, these elements were not found in the promoters of genes required for the antiproliferative responses of IFNs (the "tunable" genes). The extent of expression of tunable genes was cell type-specific and correlated with the magnitude of the antiproliferative effects of the various IFNs. Although IFN-1ant induced the expression of robust genes similarly in five different cell lines, its antiviral activity was virus- and cell type-specific. Our findings suggest that IFN-1ant may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of specific viral infections without inducing the immunomodulatory and antiproliferative functions of wild-type IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Levin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ganit Yarden
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Ohad Manor
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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182
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Li Y, Li S, Duan X, Liu B, Yang C, Zeng P, McGilvray I, Chen L. Activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling contributes to persistent HCV infection. Rev Med Virol 2014; 24:332-42. [PMID: 24806972 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HCV infection is a major world health problem, leading to both end-stage liver disease and primary liver cancer. Great efforts have been made in developing new therapies for HCV infection; however, combination therapy with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin (pegIFN-RBV) remains the first choice of treatment for chronic HCV infection in most countries. The treatment response to pegIFN-RBV remains relatively low. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of persistent HCV infection and pegIFN-RBV resistance will suggest ways of improving the current standard of care and offers new antiviral therapies for both HCV and other viral infections. Recent data suggest that increased expression of hepatic IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) before treatment is associated with treatment nonresponse in patients chronically infected with HCV. Although ISGs are generally antiviral in nature, in the case of HCV, the virus may exploit some of them to its benefit. This is not unique to HCV: Blockade of type I IFN signaling has been shown to control persistent LCMV infection. Thus, in certain viral infections, preactivation or overactivation of type I IFN signaling may contribute to viral persistence. In this review, we briefly summarize the findings from high-throughput gene expression profiling from patients chronically infected with HCV, then focus on a novel ubiquitin-like signaling pathway (ISG15/USP18) and its potential role in HCV persistence. Finally, the role of activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling in persistent HCV infection will be discussed in the context of recent studies indicating that blocking IFN signaling controls persistent LCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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183
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Selvaggi C, Pierangeli A, Fabiani M, Spano L, Nicolai A, Papoff P, Moretti C, Midulla F, Antonelli G, Scagnolari C. Interferon lambda 1-3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis. J Infect 2014; 68:467-77. [PMID: 24389019 PMCID: PMC7172705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. As an additional objective we sought to determine whether a different expression of IFN lambda 1-3 was associated with different harboring viruses, the clinical course of bronchiolitis or with the levels of well established IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), such as mixovirus resistance A (MxA) and ISG56. METHODS The analysis was undertaken in 118 infants with RSV or HRV bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal washes were collected for virological studies and molecular analysis of type III IFN responses. RESULTS RSV elicited higher levels of IFN lambda subtypes when compared with HRV. A similar expression of type III IFN was found in RSVA or RSVB infected infants and in those infected with HRVA or HRVC viruses. Results also indicate that IFN lambda 1 and IFN lambda 2-3 levels were correlated with each other and with MxA and ISG56-mRNAs. In addition, a positive correlation exists between the IFN lambda1 levels and the clinical score index during RSV infection. In particular, higher IFN lambda 1 levels are associated to an increase of respiratory rate. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that differences in the IFN lambda 1-3 levels in infants with RSV or HRV infections are present and that the expression of IFN lambda 1 correlates with the severity of RSV bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Selvaggi
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fabiani
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Spano
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Nicolai
- Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Papoff
- Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Moretti
- Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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184
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O'Brien TR, Prokunina-Olsson L, Donnelly RP. IFN-λ4: the paradoxical new member of the interferon lambda family. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:829-38. [PMID: 24786669 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are generally considered antiviral cytokines, yet the newly discovered IFN-λ4 is linked with the failure to clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection either spontaneously or in response to treatment. IFN-λ4 can be generated only by individuals who carry the IFNL4-ΔG allele (rs368234815), which is the strongest known host factor for predicting clearance of HCV. The ancestral IFNL4-ΔG allele is the major variant in Africans while the minor variant in Asians, suggesting very strong negative genetic selection for this allele-most likely driven by an infectious agent other than HCV. IFN-λ4 most closely resembles IFN-λ3, but these proteins share only 29% amino-acid identity, and, in contrast to IFN-λ3, IFN-λ4 is only weakly secreted. Nevertheless, IFN-λ4 signals through the IFN-λ receptor complex and induces expression of IFN-stimulated genes via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. Although the IFNL4-ΔG variant is strongly associated with the failure to clear HCV infection, HCV-infected patients who carry this allele have lower baseline HCV RNA levels in the absence of treatment. Resolving the paradoxical functions of IFN-λ4, which appears to induce antiviral activity yet impair effective clearance of HCV, may yield critical new insights into the immunologic response to HCV infection and IFN biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R O'Brien
- 1 Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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185
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Duong FHT, Trincucci G, Boldanova T, Calabrese D, Campana B, Krol I, Durand SC, Heydmann L, Zeisel MB, Baumert TF, Heim MH. IFN-λ receptor 1 expression is induced in chronic hepatitis C and correlates with the IFN-λ3 genotype and with nonresponsiveness to IFN-α therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:857-68. [PMID: 24752298 PMCID: PMC4010915 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that link IFN-λ3 genotypes to differential induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are not known. We measured the expression of IFN-λ and of the specific IFN-λ receptor chain (IFN-λR1) in 122 liver biopsies of patients with CHC and 53 control samples. The IFN-λ3 genotype was not associated with differential expression of IFN-λ, but rather IFN-λR1. In a series of 30 primary human hepatocyte (PHH) samples, IFN-λR1 expression was low but could be induced with IFN-α. IFN-α-induced IFN-λR1 expression was significantly stronger in PHHs carrying the minor IFN-λ3 allele. The analysis of liver biopsies of patients with CHC revealed a strong association of high IFN-λR1 expression with elevated ISG expression, with IFN-λ3 minor alleles, and with nonresponse to pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. The findings provide a missing link between the IFN-λ3 genotype and the associated phenotype of treatment nonresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois H T Duong
- Department of Biomedicine; and 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel; University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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186
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Lalle E, Bordi L, Caglioti C, Garbuglia AR, Castilletti C, Taibi C, Cristofari F, Capobianchi MR. IFN-Alpha receptor-1 upregulation in PBMC from HCV naïve patients carrying cc genotype. possible role of IFN-lambda. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93434. [PMID: 24691098 PMCID: PMC3972101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS IL-28B gene polymorphisms predict better therapeutic response and spontaneous clearance of HCV. Moreover, higher expression of IFN-lambda has been reported in patients with the rs12979860 CC favourable genotype. The study aim was to establish possible relationships between IL-28B rs12979860 genotypes and expression of IFN-alpha receptor-1 (IFNAR-1) in naïve HCV patients, and to explore the possible role of IFN-lambda. METHODS IFNAR-1 mRNA levels were measured in PBMC from naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C with different IL-28 genotypes. The ability of IFN-lambda to up-regulate the expression of IFNAR-1 was established in PBMC from healthy donors carrying different IL-28B genotypes. RESULTS Lower IFNAR-1 mRNA levels were observed in PBMC from HCV-infected naïve patients as compared to healthy donors. In healthy donors, IFNAR-1 mRNA levels were independent from IL-28B genotype, while in HCV patients, an increasing gradient was observed in TT vs CT vs CC carriers. In the latter group, a direct correlation between IFNAR-1 and endogenous IL-28B expression was observed. Moreover, IFN-lambda up-regulated IFNAR-1 expression in normal PBMC in a time-and dose-dependent manner, with a more effective response in CC vs TT carriers. CONCLUSION Endogenous levels of IFN-lambda may be responsible for partial restoration of IFNAR-1 expression in HCV patients with favourable IL-28 genotype. This, in turn, may confer to CC carriers a response advantage to either endogenous or exogenous IFN-alpha, representing the biological basis for the observed association between CC genotype and favourable outcome of either natural infection (clearance vs chronicization) or IFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Caglioti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Taibi
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cristofari
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
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187
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Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) products take on a number of diverse roles. Collectively, they are highly effective at resisting and controlling pathogens. In this review, we begin by introducing interferon (IFN) and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to highlight features that impact ISG production. Next, we describe ways in which ISGs both enhance innate pathogen-sensing capabilities and negatively regulate signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway. Several ISGs that directly inhibit virus infection are described with an emphasis on those that impact early and late stages of the virus life cycle. Finally, we describe ongoing efforts to identify and characterize antiviral ISGs, and we provide a forward-looking perspective on the ISG landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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188
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Moraga I, Spangler J, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC. Multifarious determinants of cytokine receptor signaling specificity. Adv Immunol 2014; 121:1-39. [PMID: 24388212 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800100-4.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play crucial roles in regulating immune homeostasis. Two important characteristics of most cytokines are pleiotropy, defined as the ability of one cytokine to exhibit diverse functionalities, and redundancy, defined as the ability of multiple cytokines to exert overlapping activities. Identifying the determinants for unique cellular responses to cytokines in the face of shared receptor usage, pleiotropy, and redundancy will be essential in order to harness the potential of cytokines as therapeutics. Here, we discuss the biophysical (ligand-receptor geometry and affinity) and cellular (receptor trafficking and intracellular abundance of signaling molecules) parameters that contribute to the specificity of cytokine bioactivities. Whereas the role of extracellular ternary complex geometry in cytokine-induced signaling is still not completely elucidated, cytokine-receptor affinity is known to impact signaling through modulation of the stability and kinetics of ternary complex formation. Receptor trafficking also plays an important and likely underappreciated role in the diversification of cytokine bioactivities but it has been challenging to experimentally probe trafficking effects. We also review recent efforts to quantify levels of intracellular signaling components, as second messenger abundance can affect cytokine-induced bioactivities both quantitatively and qualitatively. We conclude by discussing the application of protein engineering to develop therapeutically relevant cytokines with reduced pleiotropy and redirected biological functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jamie Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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189
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de Freitas Almeida GM, Oliveira DBD, Botelho LM, Silva LKDS, Guedes ACM, Santos FPST, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG. Differential upregulation of human 2'5'OAS genes on systemic sclerosis: Detection of increased basal levels of OASL and OAS2 genes through a qPCR based assay. Autoimmunity 2013; 47:119-26. [PMID: 24328427 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.866102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
2'5'OAS are template-independent RNA polymerases with antiviral activity and important to homeostasis maintenance. Here we have developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) reactions for the detection of each individual 2'5'OAS human gene and used them to evaluate these gene levels in systemic sclerosis patients cells. The method was efficient for quantification of 2'5'OAS genes on human cells after interferon (IFN) treatment, and revealed that primary cells from patients with systemic sclerosis have increased basal levels of OASL and OAS2 genes. When treated, patients cells are able to induce all four 2'5'OAS genes. Our hypothesis is that abnormally circulating type I IFNs on the disease could be establishing a desensitized state on patients cells, making them refractory to subsequent IFN doses, and that OASL and OAS2 genes upregulation may be due to an IFN-independent stimulus. Further characterizing the biological activities of these genes, their induction pathways and their regulatory functions can lead to better understanding of systemic sclerosis molecular mechanisms and of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida
- Laboratório de Vírus, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil and
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190
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Feld JJ, Grebely J, Matthews GV, Applegate T, Hellard M, Sherker A, Cherepanov V, Petoumenos K, Yeung B, Kaldor JM, Lloyd AR, Dore GJ. Plasma interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 levels are associated with early, but not sustained virological response during treatment of acute or early chronic HCV infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80003. [PMID: 24278230 PMCID: PMC3835825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High plasma levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) have been shown to be associated with impaired treatment response in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Whether IP-10 levels predict treatment in acute HCV infection is unknown. Methods Patients with acute or early chronic HCV infection from the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC) cohort were evaluated. Baseline and on-treatment plasma IP-10 levels were measured by ELISA. IL28B genotype was determined by sequencing. Results Overall, 74 HCV mono-infected and 35 HIV/HCV co-infected patients were treated in ATAHC, of whom 89 were adherent to therapy and were included for analysis. IP-10 levels correlated with HCV RNA levels at baseline (r = 0.48, P<0.001) and during treatment. Baseline IP-10 levels were higher in patients who failed to achieve rapid virological response (RVR). Only one patient with a plasma IP-10 level >600 pg/mL achieved RVR. There was no association with IP-10 levels and early virological response (EVR) or sustained virological response (SVR). Conclusions Baseline IP-10 levels are associated with early viral kinetics but not ultimate treatment outcome in acute HCV infection. Given previous data showing that patients with high baseline IP-10 are unlikely to spontaneously clear acute HCV infection, they should be prioritized for early antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail V. Matthews
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Applegate
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alana Sherker
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vera Cherepanov
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathy Petoumenos
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Yeung
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M. Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Dore
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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191
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Friborg J, Lin B, Chen C, McPhee F. Isolation and characterization of interferon lambda-resistant hepatitis C virus replicon cell lines. Virology 2013; 444:384-93. [PMID: 23891156 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pegylated interferon lambda-1a (Lambda) is currently in clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To gain insight into the potential mechanisms of non-responsiveness that may occur in patients treated with Lambda, HCV subgenomic replicon cell-lines with impaired susceptibility to the unpegylated recombinant (r) form of interferon (IFN) lambda-1 (rIFNλ) were isolated and characterized. The selected replicon cell populations showed a defect in the activation of the IFN-dependent JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Reduced phosphorylation of STAT proteins and lower expression levels of the cellular janus kinases Jak1 and Tyk2 were observed in these cell populations, which may account for the impaired JAK-STAT signaling and reduced antiviral responses to rIFNλ. Overall, this in vitro study provides molecular insights into the possible mechanism of viral evasion to rIFNλ in the HCV replicon cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Friborg
- Discovery Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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192
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193
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Burkart C, Arimoto KI, Tang T, Cong X, Xiao N, Liu YC, Kotenko SV, Ellies LG, Zhang DE. Usp18 deficient mammary epithelial cells create an antitumour environment driven by hypersensitivity to IFN-λ and elevated secretion of Cxcl10. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1035-50. [PMID: 23681607 PMCID: PMC3721472 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of cancer immunoediting refers to mechanisms by which the immune system can suppress or promote tumour progression. A major challenge for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies is to find ways to exploit the immune system's antitumour activity while concomitantly reducing its protumour activity. Using the PyVmT model of mammary tumourigenesis, we show that lack of the Usp18 gene significantly inhibits tumour growth by creating a tumour-suppressive microenvironment. Generation of this antitumour environment is driven by elevated secretion of the potent T-cell chemoattractant Cxcl10 by Usp18 deficient mammary epithelial cells (MECs), which leads to recruitment of Th1 subtype CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that Cxcl10 upregulation in MECs is promoted by interferon-λ and that Usp18 is a novel inhibitor of interferon-λ signalling. Knockdown of the interferon-λ specific receptor subunit IL-28R1 in Usp18 deficient MECs dramatically enhances tumour growth. Taken together, our data suggest that targeting Usp18 may be a viable approach to boost antitumour immunity while suppressing the protumour activity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burkart
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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194
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Makowska Z, Blumer T, Duong FHT, La Monica N, Kandimalla ER, Heim MH. Sequential induction of type I and II interferons mediates a long-lasting gene induction in the liver in response to a novel toll-like receptor 9 agonist. J Hepatol 2013. [PMID: 23207140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist IMO-2125 is currently evaluated in clinical trials for chronic hepatitis C therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo mode of action of a closely related compound, referred to as immunomodulatory oligonucleotide (IMO). METHODS We analyzed the Jak-STAT pathway activation and induction of interferon-stimulated genes in the liver of wild type, interferon-α/β receptor-deficient and interferon-γ-deficient mice, after administration of IMO. RESULTS IMO induced a prolonged activation of the Jak-STAT pathway and upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes in the mouse liver. Contrary to the response observed after interferon-α injection, the signalling induced by IMO was not abrogated following repeated administration. At early time points after IMO injection, STAT1 phosphorylation and interferon-stimulated gene induction required a functional interferon-α/β receptor, whereas at the later time points, the activation was type I interferon-independent. Microarray analysis revealed that IMO induced a broad transcriptional response in the mouse liver. This included upregulation of cytokine and chemokine genes responsible for recruitment of IFN-γ producers, such as T cells and natural killer cells. Interferon-γ-deficient mice showed a transient response to IMO, demonstrating the central role of interferon-γ in sustained activation of Jak-STAT pathway by IMO. CONCLUSIONS The bimodal kinetics of response to IMO in the mouse liver are driven by the sequential endogenous production of type I and II interferons. The lack of refractoriness to IMO, combined with the long-lasting induction of interferon-stimulated genes, reveals a favourable pharmacodynamics profile of this novel TLR9 agonist for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Makowska
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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195
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Shindo H, Maekawa S, Komase K, Miura M, Kadokura M, Sueki R, Komatsu N, Shindo K, Amemiya F, Nakayama Y, Inoue T, Sakamoto M, Yamashita A, Moriishi K, Enomoto N. IL-28B (IFN-λ3) and IFN-α synergistically inhibit HCV replication. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:281-9. [PMID: 23490373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the IL-28B (interleukin-28B; interferon lambda 3) region has been associated with sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with peginterferon-α and ribavirin. However, the mechanisms by which polymorphisms in the IL-28B gene region affect host antiviral responses are not well understood. Using the HCV 1b and 2a replicon system, we compared the effects of IFN-λs and IFN-α on HCV RNA replication. The anti-HCV effect of IFN-λ3 and IFN-α in combination was also assessed. Changes in gene expression induced by IFN-λ3 and IFN-α were compared using cDNA microarray analysis. IFN-λs at concentrations of 1 ng/mL or more exhibited concentration- and time-dependent HCV inhibition. In combination, IFN-λ3 and IFN-α had a synergistic anti-HCV effect; however, no synergistic enhancement was observed for interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) activity or upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). With respect to the time course of ISG upregulation, the peak of IFN-λ3-induced gene expression occurred later and lasted longer than that induced by IFN-α. In addition, although the genes upregulated by IFN-α and IFN-λ3 were similar to microarray analysis, interferon-stimulated gene expression appeared early and was prolonged by combined administration of these two IFNs. In conclusion, IFN-α and IFN-λ3 in combination showed synergistic anti-HCV activity in vitro. Differences in time-dependent upregulation of these genes might contribute to the synergistic antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shindo
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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196
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Garcin G, Bordat Y, Chuchana P, Monneron D, Law HKW, Piehler J, Uzé G. Differential activity of type I interferon subtypes for dendritic cell differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58465. [PMID: 23472200 PMCID: PMC3589429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) family comprises 15 cytokines (in human 13α, 1β, 1ω), which exert several cellular functions through binding to a common receptor. Despite initial activation of the same Jak/Stat signalling pathway, the cellular response may differ depending on type I IFN subtype. We investigated the activity of six type I IFN subtypes - IFNα1, α2, α8, α21, ω and β- to promote the differentiation of dendritic cells (DC). Transcriptome analyses identified two distinct groups, the IFNα/ω-DC and the IFNβ-DC. In addition, the expression level of seven chemokines and several cell surface markers characteristic of DC distinguished IFNα-DC and IFNβ-DC. These differences are unlikely to impact the efficacy of T cell functional response since IFNα2-DC and IFNβ-DC were equipotent in inducing the proliferation and the polarization of allogenic naïve CD4 T cells into Th1 cells and in stimulating autologous antigen specific CD4 or CD8 T cells. Of the functional parameters analysed, the only one that showed a modest differential was the phagocytic uptake of dead cells which was higher for IFNα2-DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Garcin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5235, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Bordat
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5235, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Chuchana
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 844, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Monneron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5235, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Helen K. W. Law
- Centre for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gilles Uzé
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5235, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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197
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Dickensheets H, Sheikh F, Park O, Gao B, Donnelly RP. Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) induces signal transduction and gene expression in human hepatocytes, but not in lymphocytes or monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:377-85. [PMID: 23258595 PMCID: PMC3579021 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0812395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the ability of IFN-α and IFN-λ to induce signal transduction and gene expression in primary human hepatocytes, PBLs, and monocytes. IFN-α drug products are widely used to treat chronic HCV infection; however, IFN-α therapy often induces hematologic toxicities as a result of the broad expression of IFNARs on many cell types, including most leukocytes. rIFN-λ1 is currently being tested as a potential alternative to IFN-α for treating chronic HCV. Although IFN-λ has been shown to be active on hepatoma cell lines, such as HepG2 and Huh-7, its ability to induce responses in primary human hepatocytes or leukocytes has not been examined. We found that IFN-λ induces activation of Jak/STAT signaling in mouse and human hepatocytes, and the ability of IFN-λ to induce STAT activation correlates with induction of numerous ISGs. Although the magnitude of ISG expression induced by IFN-λ in hepatocytes was generally lower than that induced by IFN-α, the repertoire of regulated genes was quite similar. Our findings demonstrate that although IFN-α and IFN-λ signal through distinct receptors, they induce expression of a common set of ISGs in hepatocytes. However, unlike IFN-α, IFN-λ did not induce STAT activation or ISG expression by purified lymphocytes or monocytes. This important functional difference may provide a clinical advantage for IFN-λ as a treatment for chronic HCV infection, as it is less likely to induce the leukopenias that are often associated with IFN-α therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Dickensheets
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Faruk Sheikh
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond P. Donnelly
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
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198
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Levy DE, Marié IJ, Durbin JE. Induction and function of type I and III interferon in response to viral infection. Curr Opin Virol 2012; 1:476-86. [PMID: 22323926 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The type I and III interferon (IFN) families consist of cytokines rapidly induced during viral infection that confer antiviral protection on target cells and are critical components of innate immune responses and the transition to effective adaptive immunity. The regulation of their expression involves an intricate and stringently regulated signaling cascade, initiated by recognition most often of viral nucleic acid in cytoplasmic and endosomal compartments and involving a series of protein conformational rearrangements and interactions regulated by helicase action, ubiquitin modification, and protein aggregation, culminating in kinase activation and phosphorylation of critical transcription factors and their regulators. The many IFN subtypes induced by viruses confer amplification, diversification, and cell-type specificity to the host response to infection, providing fertile ground for development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Levy
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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199
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USP18 establishes the transcriptional and anti-proliferative interferon α/β differential. Biochem J 2012; 446:509-16. [PMID: 22731491 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs (interferons) are pathogen-induced immunoregulatory cytokines that exert anti-viral and anti-proliferative activities through binding to a common cell-surface receptor. Among the 17 human IFN subtypes, IFNβ binds the IFNAR (IFNα receptor) 1/IFNAR2 receptor chains with particularly high affinity and is especially potent in select bioactivities (e.g. anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic) when compared with IFNα2. However, no molecular basis has been ascribed to this differential action, since the two ligands are equipotent in immediate early signalling events. In the present study we report that IFNβ induces Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes), including two genes with pro-apoptotic functions, for a considerably longer time frame than does IFNα2. We show that the diversification of α2/β responses progressively builds up at the receptor level as a result of accumulating USP18 (ubiquitin specific protease 18), itself an ISG, which exerts its negative feedback action by taking advantage of the weakness of IFNα2 binding to the receptor. This represents a novel type of signalling regulation that diversifies the biological potential of IFNs α and β.
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200
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Piehler J, Thomas C, Garcia KC, Schreiber G. Structural and dynamic determinants of type I interferon receptor assembly and their functional interpretation. Immunol Rev 2012; 250:317-34. [PMID: 23046138 PMCID: PMC3986811 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) form a network of homologous cytokines that bind to a shared, heterodimeric cell surface receptor and engage signaling pathways that activate innate and adaptive immune responses. The ability of IFNs to mediate differential responses through the same cell surface receptor has been subject of a controversial debate and has important medical implications. During the past decade, a comprehensive insight into the structure, energetics, and dynamics of IFN recognition by its two-receptor subunits, as well as detailed correlations with their functional properties on the level of signal activation, gene expression, and biological responses were obtained. All type I IFNs bind the two-receptor subunits at the same sites and form structurally very similar ternary complexes. Differential IFN activities were found to be determined by different lifetimes and ligand affinities toward the receptor subunits, which dictate assembly and dynamics of the signaling complex in the plasma membrane. We present a simple model, which explains differential IFN activities based on rapid endocytosis of signaling complexes and negative feedback mechanisms interfering with ternary complex assembly. More insight into signaling pathways as well as endosomal signaling and trafficking will be required for a comprehensive understanding, which will eventually lead to therapeutic applications of IFNs with increased efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomas
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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