151
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Identification of Long Non-Coding RNA-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Network in the Differentiation of Chicken Preadipocytes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100795. [PMID: 31614854 PMCID: PMC6826404 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of cell differentiation by acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). However, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA and the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network involved in adipogenic differentiation of chicken preadipocytes remain elusive. Here, we first constructed the chicken preadipocyte in vitro induction model. Then, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMis), and mRNAs (DEMs) between differentiated and undifferentiated preadipocytes. Furthermore, we constructed the lncRNA associated ceRNA network by gene expression correlation analysis and target prediction of DELs, DEMis, and DEMs. Finally, we determined twelve candidate lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions from the lncRNA associated ceRNA network. Eight out of the twelve interactions were validated by RT-qPCR, indicating their potential role in the regulation of chicken preadipocytes differentiation. Among the eight interactions, TCONS_00026544-gga-miR-128-1-5p-RASD1, TCONS_00055280-gga-miR-135a-5p-JAM3, TCONS_00055280-gga-miR-135a-5p-GPR133, TCONS_00055280-gga-miR-135a-5p-CLDN1, and TCONS_00055280-gga-miR-135a-5p-TMEM123 may promote adipogenic differentiation of chicken preadipocytes while TCONS_00057272-gga-miR-146a-3p-FOXO6, TCONS_00057242-gga-miR-6615-3p-FOXO6, and TCONS_00057242-gga-miR-6615-3p-ENSGALT00000043224 have the opposite effects. Our results not only provide novel insights into ceRNA roles of lncRNAs in chicken preadipocytes differentiation and but also contribute to a better understanding of chicken fat deposition.
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152
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Exosomes in ischemic heart disease: novel carriers for bioinformation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109451. [PMID: 31586900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a multi-step chain process from potential risk factors to overt clinical diseases. Vascular cells, blood cells, cardiomyocytes and stem cells are all involved in the pathophysiological links via continual and polynary crosstalk. Exosomes,as powerful vectors for intercellular communication,have been a hotspot for basic and clinical research. Plenty of evidence has shown that exosomes largely participate in the evolution of IHD, including endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, atheromatous plaque formation and rupture, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury,and heart failure (HF), while the rules for detailed communication in the different stages of this continuous disease are still poorly understood. This review will systematically describe characteristics of exosomal crosstalk between different cells in the diverse periods, and also cast light on the potential and challenges for exosome application as therapeutic targets, hoping to offer supporting background for the following research.
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153
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Monteiro JP, Bennett M, Rodor J, Caudrillier A, Ulitsky I, Baker AH. Endothelial function and dysfunction in the cardiovascular system: the long non-coding road. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1692-1704. [PMID: 31214683 PMCID: PMC6755355 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Present throughout the vasculature, endothelial cells (ECs) are essential for blood vessel function and play a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the intricate molecular determinants governing endothelial function and dysfunction is essential to develop novel clinical breakthroughs and improve knowledge. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are active regulators of the endothelial transcriptome and function, providing emerging insights into core questions surrounding EC contributions to pathology, and perhaps the emergence of novel therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss this class of non-coding transcripts and their role in endothelial biology during cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease, highlighting challenges during discovery and characterization and how these have been overcome to date. We further discuss the translational therapeutic implications and the challenges within the field, highlighting lncRNA that support endothelial phenotypes prevalent in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Monteiro
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew Bennett
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julie Rodor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Axelle Caudrillier
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
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154
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Cai T, Cui X, Zhang K, Zhang A, Liu B, Mu JJ. LncRNA TNK2-AS1 regulated ox-LDL-stimulated HASMC proliferation and migration via modulating VEGFA and FGF1 expression by sponging miR-150-5p. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7289-7298. [PMID: 31468685 PMCID: PMC6815783 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated for the regulatory roles in cardiovascular diseases. This study determined the expression of lncRNA TNK2 antisense RNA 1 (TNK2‐AS1) in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and examined the mechanistic role of TNK2‐AS1 in the proliferation and migration of HASMCs. Our results demonstrated that ox‐LDL promoted HASMC proliferation and migration, and the enhanced proliferation and migration in ox‐LDL‐treated HASMCs were accompanied by the up‐regulation of TNK2‐AS1. In vitro functional studies showed that TNK2‐AS1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and migration of ox‐LDL‐stimulated HASMCs, while TNK2‐AS1 overexpression enhanced HASMC proliferation and migration. Additionally, TNK2‐AS1 inversely regulated miR‐150‐5p expression via acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and the enhanced effects of TNK2‐AS1 overexpression on HASMC proliferation and migration were attenuated by miR‐150‐5p overexpression. Moreover, miR‐150‐5p could target the 3’ untranslated regions of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) to regulate FGF1 and VEGFA expression in HASMCs, and the inhibitory effects of miR‐150‐5p overexpression in ox‐LDL‐stimulated HASMCs were attenuated by enforced expression of VEGFA and FGF1. Enforced expression of VEGFA and FGF1 also partially restored the suppressed cell proliferation and migration induced by TNK2‐AS1 knockdown in ox‐LDL‐stimulated HASMCs, while the enhanced effects of TNK2‐AS1 overexpression on HASMC proliferation and migration were attenuated by the knockdown of VEGFA and FGF1. Collectively, our findings showed that TNK2‐AS1 exerted its action in ox‐LDL‐stimulated HASMCs via regulating VEGFA and FGF1 expression by acting as a ceRNA for miR‐150‐5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuzhen Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kelin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anji Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baixue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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155
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Tian X, Shen H, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S. Tumor-derived exosomes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:84. [PMID: 31438991 PMCID: PMC6704713 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of immune cells infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME) during tumor progression, in which myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity. Tumor cells and stromal cells facilitate the activation and expansion of MDSCs in TME via intercellular communication, and expanded MDSCs suppress anti-tumor immune responses through direct and indirect mechanisms. Currently, exosomes, which are a kind of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can convey functional components, are demonstrated to participate in the local and distal intercellular communication between cells. Numerous studies have supposed that tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs), whose assembly and release can be modulated by TME, are capable of modulating the cell biology of MDSCs, including facilitating their activation, promoting the expansion, and enhancing the immunosuppressive function. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focus on the role of TEXs in the cell-cell communication between tumor cells and MDSCs, and discuss their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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156
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Silencing of GAS5 represses the malignant progression of atherosclerosis through upregulation of miR-135a. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109302. [PMID: 31545249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of GAS5 on the inflammation and lipid metabolic disorders of AS. ApoE-/- mice were fed on a high fat diet (HFD) and THP-1 macrophages were treated with ox-LDL to construct AS model in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The detections of blood lipids and inflammatory cytokines were performed using corresponding assay kits. qRT-PCR was used to assess the expression of GAS5 and miR-135a. Western blot was performed to detect PPARα and CPT1 levels. The targeted interaction between GAS5 and miR-135a was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Our data revealed that GAS5 was upregulated in AS mice model and ox-LDL-treated macrophages. GAS5 silencing alleviated lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation in AS mice and ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Moreover, GAS5 directly targeted miR-135a and repressed miR-135a expression. MiR-135a expression restoration abrogated the alleviative effects of GAS5 silencing on inflammation and lipid metabolic disorders in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. In conclusion, our study suggested that GAS5 silencing repressed the malignant progression of AS at least partly through upregulation of miR-135a. Targeting GAS5 might be a promising treatment strategy for AS management.
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157
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Xie Y, Wang M, Tian J, Li X, Yang M, Zhang K, Tan S, Luo L, Luo C, Peng L, Tang A. Long non-coding RNA expressed in macrophage co-varies with the inflammatory phenotype during macrophage development and polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6530-6542. [PMID: 31419045 PMCID: PMC6787567 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in microarray, RNA‐seq and omics techniques, thousands of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with unknown functions have been discovered. LncRNAs have presented a diverse perspective on gene regulation in diverse biological processes, especially in human immune response. Macrophages participate in the whole phase of immune inflammatory response. They are able to shape their phenotype and arouse extensive functional activation after receiving physiological and pathological stimuli. Emerging studies indicated that lncRNAs participated in the gene regulatory network during complex biological processes of macrophage, including macrophage‐induced inflammatory responses. Here, we reviewed the existing knowledges of lncRNAs in the processes of macrophage development and polarization, and their roles in several different inflammatory diseases. Specifically, we focused on how lncRNAs function in macrophage, which might help to discover some potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianping Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aiguo Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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158
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Zhang YG, Song Y, Guo XL, Miao RY, Fu YQ, Miao CF, Zhang C. Exosomes derived from oxLDL-stimulated macrophages induce neutrophil extracellular traps to drive atherosclerosis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2674-2684. [PMID: 31416388 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1654797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of exosomes secreted by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-stimulated macrophages in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Exosomes from peripheral blood of AS patients or oxLDL-treated macrophages were co-cultured with human neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of miR-146a and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by using dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). ApoE-deficient mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce AS. Atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated by Oil red O (ORO) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Our results showed that miRNA-146a was enriched in serum-derived exosomes of AS patients and oxLDL-treated macrophage THP-1-derived exosomes. Importantly, exosomal miR-146a secreted by oxLDL-treated macrophages promoted ROS and NETs release via targeting SOD2. In addition, intravenous administration of oxLDL-treated THP-1 cells-derived exosomes into AS mice significantly deteriorated AS in vivo. Our findings indicate that exosomal miR-146a derived from oxLDL-treated macrophages promotes NETs formation via inducing oxidative stress, which might provide a novel scientific basis for the understanding of AS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xue-Li Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ren-Ying Miao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yi-Qun Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Chao-Feng Miao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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159
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Zhang H, Wang L, Li C, Yu Y, Yi Y, Wang J, Chen D. Exosome-Induced Regulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1464. [PMID: 31316512 PMCID: PMC6611439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An exosome (30-150 nm size) is a cell-derived vesicle. Exosome-induced regulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming increasingly popular due to their potential functions of exosomal pathways. Exosomes, which are involved in the regulation of IBD, can be released from various cell types, or found in many physiological fluids, and plants. The specific functions of exosomes in IBD primarily depend on the internal functional components, including RNAs, proteins, and other substances. However, exosome-induced transport mechanisms involving cell-cell communications or cell-environment interactions are also very important. Recent studies have revealed that exosome crosstalk mechanisms may influence major IBD-related pathways, such as immune responses, barrier functions, and intestinal flora. This review highlights the advancements in the biology of exosome secretions and their regulation in IBD. The functional roles of exosomal components, including nucleic acids, proteins, and some other components, are the main focus of this review. More animal and clinical research is needed to study the functions of exosomes on IBD. Designing new drug dosage form using exosome-like-structure may provide new insights into IBD treatment. This review suggests a potential significance for exosomes in IBD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanlin Yi
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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160
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Long Noncoding Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Age-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123079. [PMID: 31238513 PMCID: PMC6627372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most serious health problem in the world, displaying high rates of morbidity and mortality. One of the main risk factors for CVDs is age. Indeed, several mechanisms are at play during aging, determining the functional decline of the cardiovascular system. Aging cells and tissues are characterized by diminished autophagy, causing the accumulation of damaged proteins and mitochondria, as well as by increased levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, senescence and inflammation. These processes can induce a rapid deterioration of cellular quality-control systems. However, the molecular mechanisms of age-associated CVDs are only partially known, hampering the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Evidence has emerged indicating that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in most patho-physiological mechanisms. Specifically, lncRNAs can bind miRNAs and act as competing endogenous-RNAs (ceRNAs), therefore modulating the levels of the mRNAs targeted by the sponged miRNA. These complex lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks, by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, senescence and inflammation, play a crucial role in the development of age-dependent CVDs. In this review, the emerging knowledge on lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks will be summarized and the way in which they influence age-related CVDs development will be discussed.
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161
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhang A, Wang M, Fang Z, Zhang J. Exosomes: An emerging factor in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108951. [PMID: 31078042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main reason for morbidity and death caused by cardiovascular disease which leads to approximately 20% of total death around the world. Exosomes secreted by the cells is a kind of extracellular vesicles with lipid bilayer structure, containing a variety of cell specific lipid, nucleic acid and protein, involved in intercellular communication, plays an important role in different physiological and pathological process. In recent years, with the deepening of research, the role of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases has received extensive attention. This review summarizes the roles of exosomes and exosome-derived from microRNAs, proteins and DNA as biomarkers in the development of atherosclerosis, and explores the mechanism of exosome-mediated intercellular crosstalk in atherosclerosis, providing potential roles for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- 726 broadway, Epidemiology, College of global public health, New York University, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zihan Fang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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162
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Martinet W, Coornaert I, Puylaert P, De Meyer GRY. Macrophage Death as a Pharmacological Target in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:306. [PMID: 31019462 PMCID: PMC6458279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the gradual build-up of plaques within the vessel wall of middle-sized and large arteries. Over the past decades, treatment of atherosclerosis mainly focused on lowering lipid levels, which can be accomplished by the use of statins. However, some patients do not respond sufficiently to statin therapy and therefore still have a residual cardiovascular risk. This issue highlights the need for novel therapeutic strategies. As macrophages are implicated in all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development, they represent an important alternative drug target. A variety of anti-inflammatory strategies have recently emerged to treat or prevent atherosclerosis. Here, we review the canonical mechanisms of macrophage death and their impact on atherogenesis and plaque stability. Macrophage death is a prominent feature of advanced plaques and is a major contributor to necrotic core formation and plaque destabilization. Mechanisms of macrophage death in atherosclerosis include apoptosis, passive or accidental necrosis as well as secondary necrosis, a type of death that typically occurs when apoptotic cells are insufficiently cleared by neighboring cells via a phagocytic process termed efferocytosis. In addition, less-well characterized types of regulated necrosis in macrophages such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and parthanatos may occur in advanced plaques and are also discussed. Autophagy in plaque macrophages is an important survival pathway that protects against cell death, yet massive stimulation of autophagy promotes another type of death, usually referred to as autosis. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that a better insight into the different mechanisms of macrophage death, and how they mutually interact, will provide novel pharmacological strategies to resolve atherosclerosis and stabilize vulnerable, rupture-prone plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Coornaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pauline Puylaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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163
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease and is supposed to have both genetic and environmental backgrounds. Plenty of studies have demonstrated the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the initiation and development of RA. Numerous lncRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in RA and to be correlated with disease activity of RA, which indicates potential diagnostic roles of lncRNAs. In addition to working as biomarkers for RA, lncRNAs participate in many specific pathological processes including inflammation, aberrant proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Further screenings and researches are required to validate the clinical potentials of lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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164
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Kok FO, Baker AH. The function of long non-coding RNAs in vascular biology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 114:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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165
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Wang CH, Shi HH, Chen LH, Li XL, Cao GL, Hu XF. Identification of Key lncRNAs Associated With Atherosclerosis Progression Based on Public Datasets. Front Genet 2019; 10:123. [PMID: 30873207 PMCID: PMC6403132 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common type of cardiovascular disease and the prime cause of mortality in the aging population worldwide. However, the detail mechanisms and special biomarkers of atherosclerosis remain to be further investigated. Lately, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has attracted much more attention than other types of ncRNAs. In our work, we found and confirmed differently expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in atherosclerosis by analyzing GSE28829. We performed the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) by analyzing GSE40231 to confirm highly correlated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were utilized to assess the potential functions of differential expressed lncRNAs in atherosclerosis. Co-expression networks were also constructed to confirm hub lncRNAs in atherosclerosis. A total of 5784 mRNAs and 654 lncRNAs were found to be dysregulated in the progression of atherosclerosis. A total of 15 lncRNA-mRNA co-expression modules were identified in this study based on WGCNA analysis. Moreover, a few lncRNAs, such as ZFAS1, LOC100506730, LOC100506691, DOCK9-AS2, RP11-6I2.3, LOC100130219, were confirmed as important lncRNAs in atherosclerosis. Taken together, bioinformatics analysis revealed these lncRNAs were involved in regulating the leukotriene biosynthetic process, gene expression, actin filament organization, t-circle formation, antigen processing, and presentation, interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, and activation of GTPase activity. We believed that this study would provide potential novel therapeutic and prognostic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hua Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Liang Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Turner AW, Wong D, Khan MD, Dreisbach CN, Palmore M, Miller CL. Multi-Omics Approaches to Study Long Non-coding RNA Function in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:9. [PMID: 30838214 PMCID: PMC6389617 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease of the vessel wall involving the interplay of multiple cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of next generation sequencing technologies have rapidly expanded the number of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts predicted to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight several lncRNAs whose functional role in atherosclerosis is well-documented through traditional biochemical approaches as well as those identified through RNA-sequencing and other high-throughput assays. We describe novel genomics approaches to study both evolutionarily conserved and divergent lncRNA functions and interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins. We also highlight assays to resolve the complex spatial and temporal regulation of lncRNAs. Finally, we summarize the latest suite of computational tools designed to improve genomic and functional annotation of these transcripts in the human genome. Deep characterization of lncRNAs is fundamental to unravel coronary atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, as these regulatory molecules represent a new class of potential therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic markers to mitigate both genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Doris Wong
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mohammad Daud Khan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Caitlin N. Dreisbach
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Meredith Palmore
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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167
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Salemi M, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Cimino L, Ridolfo F, Giurato G, Romano C, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Evidence for long noncoding RNA GAS5 up-regulationin patients with Klinefelter syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:4. [PMID: 30612561 PMCID: PMC6322229 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is characterized by the presence of at least one supernumerary X chromosome. KS typical symptoms include tall stature, gynecomastia, hypogonadism and azoospermia. KS patients show a higher risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, osteoporosis and cancer. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has been shown to be involved in several biologic processes, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, vascular endothelial cells apoptosis and atherosclerosis, as well as cellular growth and proliferation, cellular development and cell-to-cell signaling and interaction. The lncRNA GAS5 expression profile in KS patients has never been evaluated so far. Methods To accomplish this, GAS5 mRNA levels were evaluated by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and qRT-PCR assay in 10 patients with KS and 10 age-matched controls. Results NGS results showed a significantly lncRNAGAS5up-regulation by 5.171-fold in patients with KS. Theresults of qRT-PCR confirmed the NGS data. Conclusions These findings showed the occurrence of lncRNA GAS5 over-expression in KS patients. Whether this lncRNA is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases, atherogenesis or germ cell depletion in KS patients is not known. Further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Cimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Ridolfo
- UOS of Clinical Pathology, ASUR Marche - AV2, Hospital of Senigallia, Senigallia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Genomix4Life Srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | | | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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168
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Liang W, Fan T, Liu L, Zhang L. Knockdown of growth-arrest specific transcript 5 restores oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced impaired autophagy flux via upregulating miR-26a in human endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 843:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chi X, Ding B, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang W. lncRNA GAS5 promotes M1 macrophage polarization via miR-455-5p/SOCS3 pathway in childhood pneumonia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13242-13251. [PMID: 30584669 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We herein aimed to explore whether growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) promotes M1 macrophage polarization in childhood pneumonia and to investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Relative GAS5 and miR-455-5p expression and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) messenger RNA level were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of SOCS3 and the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway-related proteins was detected using western blot analysis. Luciferase activity assay was performed to test whether miR-455-5p could bind to GAS5 or SOCS3. The macrophage phenotype was determined using flow cytometry analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype was observed in peripheral blood from pneumonia children. Furthermore, GAS5 and SOCS3 expression were upregulated but miR-455-5p downregulated in human monocyte-derived macrophages from pneumonia children compared with the control group. Furthermore, GAS5 acted as a sponge for miR-455-5p to facilitate SOCS3 expression. Moreover, miR-455-5p mimic and SOCS3 knockdown significantly reversed the GAS5 overexpression-mediated suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling and promotion of M1 polarization. CONCLUSION GAS5 promotes M1 macrophage polarization by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-455-5p to facilitate SOCS3 expression in childhood pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chi
- Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Beichen Ding
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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170
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Exosomal KLF3-AS1 from hMSCs promoted cartilage repair and chondrocyte proliferation in osteoarthritis. Biochem J 2018; 475:3629-3638. [PMID: 30341166 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore whether exosomal lncRNA-KLF3-AS1 derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can serve as a positive treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). hMSCs and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) were prepared for morphological observation and identification by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes and collagenase-induced rat model of OA were established for the further experiments. Lentivirus-mediated siRNA targeting KLF3-AS1 was transfected into MSCs for silencing KLF3-AS1. The real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis were performed to examine the mRNA and protein levels of type II collagen alpha 1 (Col2a1), aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase 13 and runt-related transcription factor 2. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. HE (hematoxylin and eosin) staining and immunohistochemistry were used for histopathological studies. MSC-exo ameliorated IL-1β-induced cartilage injury. Furthermore, lncRNA KLF3-AS1 was markedly enriched in MSC-exo, and exosomal KLF3-AS1 suppressed IL-1β-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes. Further in vivo investigation indicated that exosomal KLF3-AS1 promoted cartilage repair in a rat model of OA. Exosomal KLF3-AS1 promoted cartilage repair and chondrocyte proliferation in a rat model of OA, which might be an underlying therapeutic target for OA.
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171
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Li G, Liu Y, Meng F, Xia Z, Wu X, Fang Y, Zhang C, Liu D. Tanshinone IIA promotes the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis by up-regulating lncRNA GAS5. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180626. [PMID: 30232236 PMCID: PMC6172423 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune joint disease characteristic of elevated proliferation and infiltration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of the Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA)-induced apoptosis of FLS from patients with RA (termed RAFLS). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Annexin V staining revealed that RAFLS viability decreased and apoptosis increased after Tan IIA treatment. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 expression was significantly decreased in the synovial tissues and RAFLS, while Tan IIA treatment resulted in an up-regulation of GAS5. Consistently, knockdown of GAS5 using siRNA inhibited RAFLS apoptosis. Mechanistically, GAS5 knockdown down-regulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the RAFLS cells and activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. These data indicate that Tan IIA promotes RAFLS apoptosis by up-regulating lncRNA GAS5, with enhanced expression of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-9 and inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province 116044, P.R. China
| | - Fanru Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province 116044, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbin Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province 116044, P.R. China
| | - Chunwang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province 116044, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, P.R. China
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172
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The therapeutic and diagnostic role of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:313-323. [PMID: 30385010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized membranous vesicles that are secreted by cells. They have an important role in transferring proteins, mRNA, miRNA and other bioactive molecules between cells and regulate gene expression in recipient cells. Therefore, exosomes are a mechanism by which communication between cells is achieved and they are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, especially those requiring cell-cell communication. In the cardiovascular system, exosomes are associated with endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, vascular cells, stem and progenitor cells, and play an essential role in development, injury and disease of the cardiovascular system. In recent years, accumulating evidence implicates exosomes in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, exosomal microRNAs are considered to be key players in cardiac regeneration and confer cardioprotective and regenerative properties on both cardiac and non-cardiac cells and, additionally, stem and progenitor cells. Notably, miRNAs may be isolated from blood and offer a potential source of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize and assess the functional roles of exosomes in cardiovascular physiology, cell-to-cell communication and cardio-protective effects in cardiovascular disease.
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173
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Jesus S, Soares E, Cruz MT, Borges O. Exosomes as adjuvants for the recombinant hepatitis B antigen: First report. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:1-11. [PMID: 30287267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as key players for inter-cellular communication ultimately modulating the behavior of target cells with countless outcomes. Nevertheless, the potential role of exosomes as vaccine adjuvants remains largely unexplored. Herein, we hypothesized that exosomes derived from immune cells may have an immunostimulatory effect and could constitute a good target towards the development of new fine-tuned vaccine adjuvants. To accomplish this goal, exosomes isolated from lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS)-stimulated human monocytic cell line (THP-1) were characterized and tested for their non-specific immunostimulatory activity when administered subcutaneously to healthy mice; additionally, exosomes' vaccine adjuvant ability was also disclosed after their inclusion in vaccine formulations. The results obtained suggested that the isolated exosomes evoked a pro-inflammatory profile in spleen cells of healthy mice through the induction of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5, also known as RANTES) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Moreover, subcutaneous vaccination of mice with exosomes combined with a solution of hepatitis B recombinant antigen (HBsAg) or combined with a suspension containing HBsAg loaded poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/chitosan nanoparticles (NPs), induced a humoral immune response quite similar to the one achieved with the experimental control group (HBsAg solution without exosomes). However, exosomes triggered an immunomodulator effect on the cellular immune response, highlighted by the enhancement of IFN-γ secretion. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first report describing extensively the role of unmodified exosomes as adjuvants and co-adjuvants for hepatitis B vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, 1st floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edna Soares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, 1st floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, 1st floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, 1st floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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174
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Wang Y, Song X, Li Z, Liu B. Long non-coding RNAs in coronary atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2018; 211:189-197. [PMID: 30195033 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis (CAS), a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, is a major cause of death worldwide. CAS is a chronic disease in the aorta that can be caused by dyslipidemia, abnormal glucose metabolism, endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) or fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia, immune inflammatory reactions, and many other factors. The pathogenesis of CAS is not fully understood, as it is a complex lesion complicated by multiple factors. Damage-response theories have put forward endothelial cell (EC) injury as the initiating factor for CAS; the addition of lipid metabolism disorders may enhance monocyte adhesion, increase the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and VSMCs, and accelerate the development of CAS. Furthermore, inflammatory and immune responses can create a vicious cycle of endothelial injury, which also plays key roles in the formation of CAS. Therefore, in order to elucidate the mechanisms controlling CAS, it is important to study the etiology of vascular cell dysfunction, abnormal energy and metabolism disorders, and immune and inflammatory reactions. Non-coding RNAs play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of CAS, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); lncRNAs have recently become a major focus for cardiovascular disease mechanisms, as they play numerous roles in the progression of CAS. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of coronary CAS, and their role in the prevention and treatment of coronary CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xianjing Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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175
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He J, Tu C, Liu Y. Role of lncRNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:158-175. [PMID: 31942494 PMCID: PMC6880696 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is progressive physiological degeneration and consequently declined function, which is linked to senescence on both cellular and organ levels. Accumulating studies indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence at all levels-transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational. Understanding the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs underlying senescence could facilitate interpretation and intervention of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we describe categories of known and novel lncRNAs that have been involved in the progression of senescence. We also identify the lncRNAs implicated in diseases arising from age-driven degeneration or dysfunction in some representative organs and systems (brains, liver, muscle, cardiovascular system, bone pancreatic islets, and immune system). Improved comprehension of lncRNAs in the aging process on all levels, from cell to organismal, may provide new insights into the amelioration of age-related pathologies and prolonged healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu He
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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176
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Ye J, Wang C, Wang D, Yuan H. LncRBA GSA5, up-regulated by ox-LDL, aggravates inflammatory response and MMP expression in THP-1 macrophages by acting like a sponge for miR-221. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:348-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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177
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Tang N, Jiang S, Yang Y, Liu S, Ponnusamy M, Xin H, Yu T. Noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 36:e12436. [PMID: 29797660 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is the main cause of death from clinical observation. Among various cell types involved in this disorder, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and macrophages play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of this disease. The regulation and stabilization of these cells are a key therapeutic strategy for DM-associated atherosclerosis. An increasing number of evidences implicate that various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in many cellular responses as well as in physiological and pathological processes of atherosclerosis and DM that drive atherogenic/antiatherogenic processes in those cells. Encouragingly, many ncRNAs have already been tested in animal experiments or clinical trials showing good performance. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in research on functional regulatory role of ncRNAs in atherosclerosis with DM. More importantly, we illustrate new thoughts and findings relevant to ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers for atherosclerosis with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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178
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Yuan Y, Du W, Liu J, Ma W, Zhang L, Du Z, Cai B. Stem Cell-Derived Exosome in Cardiovascular Diseases: Macro Roles of Micro Particles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:547. [PMID: 29904347 PMCID: PMC5991072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell-based therapy has emerged as the promising therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recently, increasing evidence suggest stem cell-derived active exosomes are important communicators among cells in the heart via delivering specific substances to the adjacent/distant target cells. These exosomes and their contents such as certain proteins, miRNAs and lncRNAs exhibit huge beneficial effects on preventing heart damage and promoting cardiac repair. More importantly, stem cell-derived exosomes are more effective and safer than stem cell transplantation. Therefore, administration of stem cell-derived exosomes will expectantly be an alternative stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of CVDs. Furthermore, modification of stem cell-derived exosomes or artificial synthesis of exosomes will be the new therapeutic tools for CVDs in the future. In addition, stem cell-derived exosomes also have been implicated in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVDs. In this review, we summarize the current advances of stem cell-derived exosome-based treatment and prognosis for CVDs, including their potential benefits, underlying mechanisms and limitations, which will provide novel insights of exosomes as a new tool in clinical therapeutic translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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179
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Weirick T, Militello G, Uchida S. Long Non-coding RNAs in Endothelial Biology. Front Physiol 2018; 9:522. [PMID: 29867565 PMCID: PMC5960726 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of RNA has expanded to the extent that protein-coding RNAs are now the minority with a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) now comprising the majority of RNAs in higher organisms. A major contributor to this shift in understanding is RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), which allows a largely unconstrained method for monitoring the status of RNA from whole organisms down to a single cell. This observational power presents both challenges and new opportunities, which require specialized bioinformatics tools to extract knowledge from the data and the ability to reuse data for multiple studies. In this review, we summarize the current status of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) research in endothelial biology. Then, we will cover computational methods for identifying, annotating, and characterizing lncRNAs in the heart, especially endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Weirick
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Giuseppe Militello
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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180
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Huang C, Han J, Wu Y, Li S, Wang Q, Lin W, Zhu J. Exosomal MALAT1 derived from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated endothelial cells promotes M2 macrophage polarization. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:509-515. [PMID: 29750307 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced injury and apoptosis of endothelial cells are important initial events in numerous cardiovascular diseases. Following activation by oxLDL, monocytes adhere to endothelial cells, migrate into the subendothelial spaces and then undergo differentiation into macrophages, which subsequently induces the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of macrophage differentiation by oxLDL-treated endothelial cells remain unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that exosomal metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was increased in oxLDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. When co-cultured with monocytes, exosomes extracted from oxLDL-treated HUVECs were endocytosed. Furthermore, exosomes derived from oxLDL-treated endothelial cells were revealed to promote M2 macrophage polarization, as reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and ELISA analyses demonstrated increases in the expression of M2 macrophage markers, including macrophage mannose receptor 1 (also termed CD206), arginase-1 and interleukin (IL)-10, and decreases in the expression of the M1 macrophage marker, IL-12. Furthermore, the suppression of MALAT1 expression in monocytes was demonstrated to reverse exosome-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed a novel mechanism underlying the onset of atherogenesis associated with endothelial cells and macrophages: Exosomal MALAT1 derived from oxLDL-treated endothelial cells promoted M2 macrophage polarization. This result may provide a novel scientific basis for the understanding of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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181
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Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2018; 7:4-9. [PMID: 31646271 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus elicits cellular, epigenetic, and post-translational changes that directly or indirectly affect the biology of the vasculature and other metabolic systems resulting in the apparition of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide a current perspective on the most recent discoveries in this field, with particular focus on hyperglycemia- induced pathology in the cardiovascular system. We also provide perspective on the clinical importance of molecular targeting of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus therapies to treat hyperglycemia, inflammation, thrombosis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.
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182
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Simion V, Haemmig S, Feinberg MW. LncRNAs in vascular biology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:145-156. [PMID: 29425892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes involved in homeostatic control of the vessel wall in health and disease. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs control gene expression and cell signaling pathways is still nascent. Furthermore, only a handful of lncRNAs has been functionally evaluated in response to pathophysiological stimuli or in vascular disease states. For example, lncRNAs may regulate endothelial dysfunction by modulating endothelial cell proliferation (e.g. MALAT1, H19) or angiogenesis (e.g. MEG3, MANTIS). LncRNAs have also been implicated in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypes or vascular remodeling (e.g. ANRIL, SMILR, SENCR, MYOSLID). Finally, emerging studies have implicated lncRNAs in leukocytes activation (e.g. lincRNA-Cox2, linc00305, THRIL), macrophage polarization (e.g. GAS5), and cholesterol metabolism (e.g. LeXis). This review summarizes recent findings on the expression, mechanism, and function of lncRNAs implicated in a range of vascular disease states from mice to human subjects. An improved understanding of lncRNAs in vascular disease may provide new pathophysiological insights and opportunities for the generation of a new class of RNA-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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183
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Zöller M. Janus-Faced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Exosomes for the Good and the Bad in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:137. [PMID: 29456536 PMCID: PMC5801414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells originally described to hamper immune responses in chronic infections. Meanwhile, they are known to be a major obstacle in cancer immunotherapy. On the other hand, MDSC can interfere with allogeneic transplant rejection and may dampen autoreactive T cell activity. Whether MDSC-Exosomes (Exo) can cope with the dangerous and potentially therapeutic activities of MDSC is not yet fully explored. After introducing MDSC and Exo, it will be discussed, whether a blockade of MDSC-Exo could foster the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer and mitigate tumor progression supporting activities of MDSC. It also will be outlined, whether application of native or tailored MDSC-Exo might prohibit autoimmune disease progression. These considerations are based on the steadily increasing knowledge on Exo composition, their capacity to distribute throughout the organism combined with selectivity of targeting, and the ease to tailor Exo and includes open questions that answers will facilitate optimizing protocols for a MDSC-Exo blockade in cancer as well as for strengthening their therapeutic efficacy in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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184
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Ma X, Wang T, Zhao ZL, Jiang Y, Ye S. Propofol Suppresses Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Increasing ABCA1 Expression via Mediation by the Long Noncoding RNA LOC286367. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8907143. [PMID: 30647536 PMCID: PMC6311839 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8907143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that propofol upregulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/liver X receptor in macrophage-derived foam cells. Here, we provide evidence that in addition to inducing ABCA1 expression, propofol represses proinflammatory cytokine production by increasing ABCA1 expression in a LOC286367-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that ABCA1 expression was elevated in macrophages by propofol treatment and this effect was markedly reduced by LOC286367 overexpression. Moreover, propofol treatment downregulated the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon gamma in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by enhancing ABCA1 expression. Notably, propofol achieved this effect in a LOC286367-dependent manner. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the mechanism in which propofol represses proinflammatory cytokine production mediated by ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Teng Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Long Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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185
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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186
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Kusama K, Nakamura K, Bai R, Nagaoka K, Sakurai T, Imakawa K. Intrauterine exosomes are required for bovine conceptus implantation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1370-1375. [PMID: 29196267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles, are present in uterine flushing fluids (UFs), which are involved in conceptus-endometrial interactions during peri-implantation periods. Despite several studies on intrauterine exosomes conducted, the roles conceptus and endometrial exosomes play during peri-implantation periods have not been well characterized. To investigate the effect of bovine intrauterine exosomes on conceptus implantation, exosomes isolated from bovine UFs during peri-implantation periods were subjected to global protein analysis. The analysis detected 596 exosomal proteins, including ruminants' pregnancy recognition factor IFNT, and 172 differentially expressed proteins with more than 1.5-fold changes in UFs on days 17, 20 and 22 pregnancy (day of conceptus implantation is initiated on days 19-19.5). Treatment of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells with exosomes from day 17 UFs up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes, and treatment with exosomes from day 20 and 22 UFs up-regulated the expression of adhesion molecule. Based on these findings, intrauterine exosomes should be considered as an essential constituent for successful implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kusama
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan
| | - Rulan Bai
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan.
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