151
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Li JS, Li B. Renal Injury Repair: How About the Role of Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:661-670. [PMID: 31399989 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Renal failure is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity all over the world. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem that affects up to 5% of all hospitalized patients. Although the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after acute injury, the mortality among patients with severe AKI remains dismally high, and in clinical practice, most patients cannot be cured completely and suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, the incidence and prevalence of CKD have increased, largely as a result of the enhanced prevalence of diabetes and obesity. The progressive nature of CKD and the ensuing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) place a substantial burden on global healthcare resources. Currently, dialysis and transplantation remain the only treatment options. Finding new therapeutic methods to fight AKI and CKD remains an ongoing quest. Although the human renal histological structure is complex, stem cell therapies have been applied to repair injured kidneys. The curative effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) on renal repair have also been reported by researchers. This review focuses on stem cell therapy and mechanisms for renal injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Si Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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152
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van Mil A, Balk GM, Neef K, Buikema JW, Asselbergs FW, Wu SM, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG. Modelling inherited cardiac disease using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: progress, pitfalls, and potential. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1828-1842. [PMID: 30169602 PMCID: PMC6887927 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the use of specific cell types derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into a powerful approach to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Despite advances in therapy, heart disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. A major difficulty in unravelling the underlying cellular processes of heart disease is the extremely limited availability of viable human cardiac cells reflecting the pathological phenotype of the disease at various stages. Thus, the development of methods for directed differentiation of iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has provided an intriguing option for the generation of patient-specific cardiac cells. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the currently published iPSC-CM models for hereditary heart disease is compiled and analysed. Besides the major findings of individual studies, detailed methodological information on iPSC generation, iPSC-CM differentiation, characterization, and maturation is included. Both, current advances in the field and challenges yet to overcome emphasize the potential of using patient-derived cell models to mimic genetic cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain van Mil
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geerthe Margriet Balk
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neef
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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153
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Cota-Coronado A, Ramírez-Rodríguez PB, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz ÉNF, Flores-Fernández JM, Ávila-Gónzalez D, Diaz-Martinez NE. Implications of human induced pluripotent stem cells in metabolic disorders: from drug discovery toward precision medicine. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:334-341. [PMID: 30292915 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) enable in vitro high-throughput pharmacological screening assays of diseased tissue. Together with recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), hiPSCs enable the identification of key mutations for the development of effective treatments based on precise drugs. In concert with CRISPR/Cas9 systems, hiPSC technology can reveal therapeutic targets in metabolic disorders. The ex vivo CRISPR correction of autologous patient-derived hiPSCs has led to the development of replacement cell therapies, providing better patient prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Cota-Coronado
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - éNstor F Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jose M Flores-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 474 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada; División de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias e Innovación Agrícola Sustentable, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Villa Guerrero, Carretera Toluca-Ixtapan de la Sal, Km 64.5, La Finca, 61763, Villa Guerrero, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Daniela Ávila-Gónzalez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N Emmanuel Diaz-Martinez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico.
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154
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Durbin MD, Cadar AG, Chun YW, Hong CC. Investigating pediatric disorders with induced pluripotent stem cells. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:499-508. [PMID: 30065271 PMCID: PMC6265074 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of disease pathophysiology has long relied on model systems, including animal models and cultured cells. In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka achieved a breakthrough by reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This revolutionary discovery provided new opportunities for disease modeling and therapeutic intervention. With established protocols, investigators can generate iPSC lines from patient blood, urine, and tissue samples. These iPSCs retain ability to differentiate into every human cell type. Advances in differentiation and organogenesis move cellular in vitro modeling to a multicellular model capable of recapitulating physiology and disease. Here, we discuss limitations of traditional animal and tissue culture models, as well as the application of iPSC models. We highlight various techniques, including reprogramming strategies, directed differentiation, tissue engineering, organoid developments, and genome editing. We extensively summarize current established iPSC disease models that utilize these techniques. Confluence of these technologies will advance our understanding of pediatric diseases and help usher in new personalized therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Durbin
- Department of Pediatrics – Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Adrian G. Cadar
- Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Young W. Chun
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine Division University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine Division University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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155
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Husa AM, Strobl MR, Strajeriu A, Wieser M, Strehl S, Fortschegger K. Generation of CD34 Fluorescent Reporter Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Monitoring Hematopoietic Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1376-1384. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Husa
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Regina Strobl
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Sabine Strehl
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Fortschegger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
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156
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Rim YA, Nam Y, Ju JH. Application of Cord Blood and Cord Blood-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:529-537. [PMID: 30251563 PMCID: PMC7103603 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718794864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of articular cartilage is of great interest in cartilage tissue engineering
since articular cartilage has a low regenerative capacity. Due to the difficulty in
obtaining healthy cartilage for transplantation, there is a need to develop an alternative
and effective regeneration therapy to treat degenerative or damaged joint diseases. Stem
cells including various adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells are now actively used
in tissue engineering. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of cord blood
cells and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from these cells in cartilage
regeneration. The abilities of these cells to undergo chondrogenic differentiation are
also described. Finally, the technical challenges of articular cartilage regeneration and
future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Alice Rim
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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157
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Mertens J, Reid D, Lau S, Kim Y, Gage FH. Aging in a Dish: iPSC-Derived and Directly Induced Neurons for Studying Brain Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Annu Rev Genet 2018; 52:271-293. [PMID: 30208291 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120417-031534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated neurological diseases represent a profound challenge in biomedical research as we are still struggling to understand the interface between the aging process and the manifestation of disease. Various pathologies in the elderly do not directly result from genetic mutations, toxins, or infectious agents but are primarily driven by the many manifestations of biological aging. Therefore, the generation of appropriate model systems to study human aging in the nervous system demands new concepts that lie beyond transgenic and drug-induced models. Although access to viable human brain specimens is limited and induced pluripotent stem cell models face limitations due to reprogramming-associated cellular rejuvenation, the direct conversion of somatic cells into induced neurons allows for the generation of human neurons that capture many aspects of aging. Here, we review advances in exploring age-associated neurodegenerative diseases using human cell reprogramming models, and we discuss general concepts, promises, and limitations of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Mertens
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; .,Department of Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dylan Reid
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Shong Lau
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Yongsung Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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158
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Foltz LP, Clegg DO. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling genetic retinal dystrophies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 68:54-66. [PMID: 30217765 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human retina is a highly complex tissue that makes up an integral part of our central nervous system. It is astonishing that our retina works seamlessly to provide one of our most critical senses, and it is equally devastating when a disease destroys a portion of the retina and robs people of their vision. After decades of research, scientists are beginning to understand retinal cells in a way that can benefit the millions of individuals suffering from inherited blindness. This understanding has come about in part with the ability to culture human embryonic stem cells and the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be cultured from patients and used to model their disease. In this review, we highlight the successes of specific disease modelling studies and resulting molecular discoveries. The greatest strides in cellular modelling have come from mutations in genes with established and well-understood cellular functions in the context of the retina. We believe that the future of cellular modelling depends on emphasising reproducible production of retinal cell types, demonstrating functional rescue using site-specific programmable nucleases, and shifting towards unbiased screening using next generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah P Foltz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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159
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Chen J, Hong F, Zhang C, Li L, Wang C, Shi H, Fu Y, Wang J. Differentiation and transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived otic epithelial progenitors in mouse cochlea. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:230. [PMID: 30157937 PMCID: PMC6116394 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inner ear hair cells as mechanoreceptors are extremely important for hearing. Defects in hair cells are a major cause of deafness. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising for regenerating inner ear hair cells and treating hearing loss. Here, we investigated migration, differentiation, and synaptic connections of transplanted otic epithelial progenitors (OEPs) derived from human iPSCs in mouse cochlea. Methods Human urinary cells isolated from a healthy donor were reprogramed to form iPSCs that were induced to differentiate into OEPs and hair cell-like cells. Immunocytochemistry, electrophysiological examination, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine characteristics of induced hair cell-like cells. OEP-derived hair cell-like cells were cocultured with spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and the markers of synaptic connections were detected using immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscope. In vivo, OEPs derived from iPSCs were transplanted into the cochlea of mice by injection through the round window. Migration, differentiation, and synaptic connections of transplanted cells were also examined by thin cochlear sectioning and immunohistochemistry. Results The induced hair cell-like cells displayed typical morphological characteristics and electrophysiological properties specific to inner hair cells. In vitro, OEP-derived hair cell-like cells formed synaptic connections with SGNs in coculture. In vivo, some of the transplanted cells migrated to the site of the resident hair cells in the organ of Corti, differentiated into hair cell-like cells, and formed synaptic connections with native SGNs. Conclusions We conclude that the transplantation of OEPs is feasible for the regeneration of hair cells. These results present a substantial reference for a cell-based therapy for the loss of hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanfan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haosong Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology, the Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Bin-Jiang Campus of Zhejiang University, No. 3333, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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160
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Liu G, Wu R, Yang B, Deng C, Lu X, Walker SJ, Ma PX, Mou S, Atala A, Zhang Y. Human Urine-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation to Endothelial Cells with Barrier Function and Nitric Oxide Production. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:686-698. [PMID: 30011128 PMCID: PMC6127250 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) play a key role in revascularization within regenerating tissue. Stem cells are often used as an alternative cell source when ECs are not available. Several cell types have been used to give rise to ECs, such as umbilical cord vessels, or differentiated from somatic stem cells, embryonic, or induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the latter carry the potential risk of chronic immune rejection and oncogenesis. Autologous endothelial precursors are an ideal resource, but currently require an invasive procedure to obtain them from the patient's own blood vessels or bone marrow. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether urine-derived stem cells (USCs) could differentiate into functional ECs in vitro. Urine-derived cells were then differentiated into cells of the endothelial lineage using endothelial differentiation medium for 14 days. Changes in morphology and ultrastructure, and functional endothelial marker expression were assessed in the induced USCs in vitro. Grafts of the differentiated USCs were then subcutaneously injected into nude mice. Induced USCs expressed significantly higher levels of specific markers of ECs (CD31, vWF, eNOS) in vitro and in vivo, compared to nondifferentiated USCs. In addition, the differentiated USC formed intricate tubular networks and presented similar tight junctions, and migration and invasion ability, as well as ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) compared to controls. Using USCs as autologous EC sources for vessel, tissue engineering strategies can yield a sufficient number of cells via a noninvasive, simple, and low-cost method suitable for rapid clinical translation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018 Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:686-698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Liu
- Reproductive Centre, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, People's Republic of China.,Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine
| | - Rongpei Wu
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbing Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Peter X Ma
- School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steve Mou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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161
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Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph N, Al-Hawaas M, Bobrovskaya L, Coates PT, Zhou XF. Urine-derived cells for human cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:189. [PMID: 29996911 PMCID: PMC6042455 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desirable cells for human cell therapy would be ones that can be generated by simple isolation and culture techniques using a donor sample obtained by non-invasive methods. To date, the different donor-specific cells that can be isolated from blood, skin, and hair require invasive methods for sample isolation and incorporate complex and costly reagents to culture. These cells also take considerable time for their in-vitro isolation and expansion. Previous studies suggest that donor-derived cells, namely urine stem cells and renal cells, may be isolated from human urine samples using a cost-effective and simple method of isolation, incorporating not such complex reagents. Moreover, the isolated cells, particularly urine stem cells, are superior to conventional stem cell sources in terms of favourable gene profile and inherent multipotent potential. Transdifferentiation or differentiation of human urine-derived cells can generate desirable cells for regenerative therapy. In this review, we intended to discuss the characteristics and therapeutic applications of urine-derived cells for human cell therapy. Conclusively, with detailed study and optimisation, urine-derived cells have a prospective future to generate functional lineage-specific cells for patients from a clinical translation point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimshitha Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawaas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Patrick T. Coates
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
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162
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Generation of Retinal Organoids with Mature Rods and Cones from Urine-Derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4968658. [PMID: 30008752 PMCID: PMC6020468 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4968658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine cells, a body trash, have been successfully reprogrammed into human induced pluripotent stem cells (U-hiPSCs) which hold a huge promise in regenerative medicine. However, it is unknown whether or to what extent U-hiPSCs can generate retinal cells so far. With a modified retinal differentiation protocol without addition of retinoic acid (RA), our study revealed that U-hiPSCs were able to differentiate towards retinal fates and form 3D retinal organoids containing laminated neural retina with all retinal cell types located in proper layer as in vivo. More importantly, U-hiPSCs generated highly mature photoreceptors with all subtypes, even red/green cone-rich photoreceptors. Our data indicated that a supplement of RA to culture medium was not necessary for maturation and specification of U-hiPSC-derived photoreceptors at least in the niche of retinal organoids. The success of retinal differentiation with U-hiPSCs provides many opportunities in cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening, especially in personalized medicine of retinal diseases since urine cells can be noninvasively collected from patients and their relatives.
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163
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Boonkaew B, Thummavichit W, Netsrithong R, Vatanashevanopakorn C, Pattanapanyasat K, Wattanapanitch M. Establishment of an integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell line (MUSIi005-A) from exfoliated renal epithelial cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:34-37. [PMID: 29778975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from exfoliated renal epithelial cells isolated from a urine sample of a 31-year-old healthy woman. Epithelial cells were characterized for the expression of E-cadherin and reprogrammed using non-integrating Sendai viral vectors. The urine-derived iPSC line (designated as MUSIi005-A) was karyotypically normal, expressed pluripotent markers, differentiated into cells of three embryonic germ layers, and showed no viral and transgene expressions at passage 29. Our protocol offers a non-invasive and efficient approach for iPSC generation from patients with genetic or acquired disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bootsakorn Boonkaew
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weeradee Thummavichit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Ratchapong Netsrithong
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chinnavuth Vatanashevanopakorn
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Methichit Wattanapanitch
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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164
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Rahman MS, Spitzhorn LS, Wruck W, Hagenbeck C, Balan P, Graffmann N, Bohndorf M, Ncube A, Guillot PV, Fehm T, Adjaye J. The presence of human mesenchymal stem cells of renal origin in amniotic fluid increases with gestational time. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:113. [PMID: 29695308 PMCID: PMC5918774 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Established therapies for managing kidney dysfunction such as kidney dialysis and transplantation are limited due to the shortage of compatible donated organs and high costs. Stem cell-based therapies are currently under investigation as an alternative treatment option. As amniotic fluid is composed of fetal urine harboring mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs), we hypothesized that third-trimester amniotic fluid could be a novel source of renal progenitor and differentiated cells. Methods Human third-trimester amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) were isolated and cultured in distinct media. These cells were characterized as renal progenitor cells with respect to cell morphology, cell surface marker expression, transcriptome and differentiation into chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes. To test for renal function, a comparative albumin endocytosis assay was performed using AF-MSCs and commercially available renal cells derived from kidney biopsies. Comparative transcriptome analyses of first, second and third trimester-derived AF-MSCs were conducted to monitor expression of renal-related genes. Results Regardless of the media used, AFCs showed expression of pluripotency-associated markers such as SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81 and C-Kit. They also express the mesenchymal marker Vimentin. Immunophenotyping confirmed that third-trimester AFCs are bona fide MSCs. AF-MSCs expressed the master renal progenitor markers SIX2 and CITED1, in addition to typical renal proteins such as PODXL, LHX1, BRN1 and PAX8. Albumin endocytosis assays demonstrated the functionality of AF-MSCs as renal cells. Additionally, upregulated expression of BMP7 and downregulation of WT1, CD133, SIX2 and C-Kit were observed upon activation of WNT signaling by treatment with the GSK-3 inhibitor CHIR99201. Transcriptome analysis and semiquantitative PCR revealed increasing expression levels of renal-specific genes (e.g., SALL1, HNF4B, SIX2) with gestational time. Moreover, AF-MSCs shared more genes with human kidney cells than with native MSCs and gene ontology terms revealed involvement of biological processes associated with kidney morphogenesis. Conclusions Third-trimester amniotic fluid contains AF-MSCs of renal origin and this novel source of kidney progenitors may have enormous future potentials for disease modeling, renal repair and drug screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0864-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shaifur Rahman
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucas-Sebastian Spitzhorn
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagenbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Percy Balan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Graffmann
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Bohndorf
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Audrey Ncube
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pascale V Guillot
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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165
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Current Therapeutic Strategies for Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8490489. [PMID: 29765426 PMCID: PMC5889878 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8490489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cartilage destruction in the diarthrodial joint is progressive and irreversible. This destruction is extremely difficult to manage and frustrates researchers, clinicians, and patients. Patients often take medication to control their pain. Surgery is usually performed when pain becomes uncontrollable or joint function completely fails. There is an unmet clinical need for a regenerative strategy to treat cartilage defect without surgery due to the lack of a suitable regenerative strategy. Clinicians and scientists have tried to address this using stem cells, which have a regenerative potential in various tissues. Cartilage may be an ideal target for stem cell treatment because it has a notoriously poor regenerative potential. In this review, we describe past, present, and future strategies to regenerate cartilage in patients. Specifically, this review compares a surgical regenerative technique (microfracture) and cell therapy, cell therapy with and without a scaffold, and therapy with nonaggregated and aggregated cells. We also review the chondrogenic potential of cells according to their origin, including autologous chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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166
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Bang JS, Choi NY, Lee M, Ko K, Lee HJ, Park YS, Jeong D, Chung HM, Ko K. Optimization of episomal reprogramming for generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from fibroblasts. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:132-139. [PMID: 30460090 PMCID: PMC6138300 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1451367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors (OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, and KLF4) from various human primary cells has been reported. Human fibroblasts have been widely used as a cellular source in reprogramming studies over recent decades. The original method of iPSC generation uses retro- or lentivirus vectors that require integration of viral DNA into the target cells. The integration of exogenous genes encoding transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, and KLF4) can be detected in iPSCs, raising concern about the risk of mutagenesis and tumor formation. Therefore, stem cell therapy would ideally require generation of integration-free iPSCs using non-integration gene delivery system such as Sendai virus, recombinant proteins, synthetic mRNA, and episomal vectors. Several groups have reported that episomal vectors are capable of reprogramming human fibroblasts into iPSCs. Although vector concentration and cell density are important in the episomal vector reprogramming method, optimization of this method for human fibroblasts has not been reported. In this study, we determined optimal conditions for generating integration-free iPSCs from human fibroblasts through the use of different concentrations of episomal vectors (OCT4/p53, SOX2/KLF4, L-MYC/LIN28A) and different plating cell density. We found that optimized vector concentration and cell density accelerate reprogramming and improve iPSC generation. Our study provides a detailed stepwise protocol for improved generation of integration-free iPSCs from human fibroblasts by transfection with episomal vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Bang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Seph Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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167
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Han C, Chaineau M, Chen CXQ, Beitel LK, Durcan TM. Open Science Meets Stem Cells: A New Drug Discovery Approach for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:47. [PMID: 29467610 PMCID: PMC5808201 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a challenge for drug discovery, as the biological mechanisms are complex and poorly understood, with a paucity of models that faithfully recapitulate these disorders. Recent advances in stem cell technology have provided a paradigm shift, providing researchers with tools to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient cells. With the potential to generate any human cell type, we can now generate human neurons and develop "first-of-their-kind" disease-relevant assays for small molecule screening. Now that the tools are in place, it is imperative that we accelerate discoveries from the bench to the clinic. Using traditional closed-door research systems raises barriers to discovery, by restricting access to cells, data and other research findings. Thus, a new strategy is required, and the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) and its partners are piloting an "Open Science" model. One signature initiative will be that the MNI biorepository will curate and disseminate patient samples in a more accessible manner through open transfer agreements. This feeds into the MNI open drug discovery platform, focused on developing industry-standard assays with iPSC-derived neurons. All cell lines, reagents and assay findings developed in this open fashion will be made available to academia and industry. By removing the obstacles many universities and companies face in distributing patient samples and assay results, our goal is to accelerate translational medical research and the development of new therapies for devastating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas M. Durcan
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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168
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Different Chondrogenic Potential among Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Diverse Origin Primary Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29535785 PMCID: PMC5828428 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9432616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientists have tried to reprogram various origins of primary cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Every somatic cell can theoretically become a hiPSC and give rise to targeted cells of the human body. However, there have been debates on the controversy about the differentiation propensity according to the origin of primary cells. We reprogrammed hiPSCs from four different types of primary cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DF, n = 3), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 3), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC, n = 3), and osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OAFLS, n = 3). Established hiPSCs were differentiated into chondrogenic pellets. All told, cartilage-specific markers tended to express more by the order of CBMC > DF > PBMC > FLS. Origin of primary cells may influence the reprogramming and differentiation thereafter. In the context of chondrogenic propensity, CBMC-derived hiPSCs can be a fairly good candidate cell source for cartilage regeneration. The differentiation of hiPSCs into chondrocytes may help develop “cartilage in a dish” in the future. Also, the ideal cell source of hiPSC for chondrogenesis may contribute to future application as well.
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169
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Musunuru K, Sheikh F, Gupta RM, Houser SR, Maher KO, Milan DJ, Terzic A, Wu JC. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Disease Modeling and Precision Medicine: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e000043. [PMID: 29874173 PMCID: PMC6708586 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unprece-dented opportunity to study human physiology and disease at the cellular level. They also have the potential to be leveraged in the practice of precision medicine, for example, personalized drug testing. This statement comprehensively describes the provenance of iPSC lines, their use for cardiovascular disease modeling, their use for precision medicine, and strategies through which to promote their wider use for biomedical applications. Human iPSCs exhibit properties that render them uniquely qualified as model systems for studying human diseases: they are of human origin, which means they carry human genomes; they are pluripotent, which means that in principle, they can be differentiated into any of the human body's somatic cell types; and they are stem cells, which means they can be expanded from a single cell into millions or even billions of cell progeny. iPSCs offer the opportunity to study cells that are genetically matched to individual patients, and genome-editing tools allow introduction or correction of genetic variants. Initial progress has been made in using iPSCs to better understand cardiomyopathies, rhythm disorders, valvular and vascular disorders, and metabolic risk factors for ischemic heart disease. This promising work is still in its infancy. Similarly, iPSCs are only just starting to be used to identify the optimal medications to be used in patients from whom the cells were derived. This statement is intended to (1) summarize the state of the science with respect to the use of iPSCs for modeling of cardiovascular traits and disorders and for therapeutic screening; (2) identify opportunities and challenges in the use of iPSCs for disease modeling and precision medicine; and (3) outline strategies that will facilitate the use of iPSCs for biomedical applications. This statement is not intended to address the use of stem cells as regenerative therapy, such as transplantation into the body to treat ischemic heart disease or heart failure.
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170
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Geraets IME, Chanda D, van Tienen FHJ, van den Wijngaard A, Kamps R, Neumann D, Liu Y, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP, Nabben M. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model to study cardiac insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1960-1967. [PMID: 29277329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or insulin resistance (IR) have an increased risk for the development of heart failure (HF). Evidence indicates that this increased risk is linked to an altered cardiac substrate preference of the insulin resistant heart, which shifts from a balanced utilization of glucose and long-chain fatty acids (FAs) towards an almost complete reliance on FAs as main fuel source. This shift leads to a loss of endosomal proton pump activity and increased cardiac fat accumulation, which eventually triggers cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of currently used in vitro models to study the underlying mechanism of IR-induced HF and provide insight into a human in vitro model: human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs). Using functional metabolic assays we demonstrate that, similar to rodent studies, hESC-CMs subjected to 16h of high palmitate (HP) treatment develop the main features of IR, i.e., decreased insulin-stimulated glucose and FA uptake, as well as loss of endosomal acidification and insulin signaling. Taken together, these data propose that HP-treated hESC-CMs are a promising in vitro model of lipid overload-induced IR for further research into the underlying mechanism of cardiac IR and for identifying new pharmacological agents and therapeutic strategies. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilvy M E Geraets
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florence H J van Tienen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre(+) (MUMC(+)), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre(+) (MUMC(+)), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Kamps
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre(+) (MUMC(+)), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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171
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Wang Y, Sun H, Wang Z, Yang Z, Shi M, Yang J, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhang S, Shi C, Xu Y. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell line (ZZUi005-A) from a 21-year-old patient with a novel RAB39B gene mutation in X-linked juvenile parkinsonism. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:132-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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172
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Pogue RE, Cavalcanti DP, Shanker S, Andrade RV, Aguiar LR, de Carvalho JL, Costa FF. Rare genetic diseases: update on diagnosis, treatment and online resources. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:187-195. [PMID: 29129805 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases collectively impact a significant portion of the world's population. For many diseases there is limited information available, and clinicians can find difficulty in differentiating between clinically similar conditions. This leads to problems in genetic counseling and patient treatment. The biomedical market is affected because pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries do not see advantages in addressing rare disease treatments, or because the cost of the treatments is too high. By contrast, technological advances including DNA sequencing and analysis, together with computer-aided tools and online resources, are allowing a more thorough understanding of rare disorders. Here, we discuss how the collection of various types of information together with the use of new technologies is facilitating diagnosis and, consequently, treatment of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Pogue
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | | | - Shreya Shanker
- Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA), IL, USA
| | - Rosangela V Andrade
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lana R Aguiar
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Juliana L de Carvalho
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; OneSkin Technologies, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabrício F Costa
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; MATTER, Chicago, IL, USA; The Founder Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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173
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Urine-Derived Stem Cells: The Present and the Future. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4378947. [PMID: 29250119 PMCID: PMC5698822 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4378947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell research provides promising strategies in improving healthcare for human beings. As a noninvasively obtained and easy-to-culture cell resource with relatively low expense, urine-derived stem cells have special advantages. They have been extensively studied on its proliferation ability and differentiation potential and were being reprogrammed to model diseases during the last decade. In this review, we intend to summarize the latest progress on the research of urine-derived stem cells for its broad application mainly in regenerative medicine and disease modeling, as well as in what is challenging currently. This minireview will highlight the potential application of urine-derived stem cells and provides possible direction of further research in the future.
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174
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Wang L, Chen Y, Guan C, Zhao Z, Li Q, Yang J, Mo J, Wang B, Wu W, Yang X, Song L, Li J. Using low-risk factors to generate non-integrated human induced pluripotent stem cells from urine-derived cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:245. [PMID: 29096702 PMCID: PMC5667457 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the lack of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) induction system with optimal safety and efficiency limits the application of these cells, development of such a system is important. METHODS To create such an induction system, we screened a variety of reprogrammed plasmid combinations and multiple compounds and then verified the system's feasibility using urine cells from different individuals. We also compared large-scale iPSC chromosomal variations and expression of genes associated with genomic stability between this system and the traditional episomal system using karyotype and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS We developed a high-efficiency episomal system, the 6F/BM1-4C system, lacking tumorigenic factors for human urine-derived cell (hUC) reprogramming. This system includes six low-risk factors (6F), Oct4, Glis1, Klf4, Sox2, L-Myc, and the miR-302 cluster. Transfected hUCs were treated with four compounds (4C), inhibitor of lysine-demethylase1, methyl ethyl ketone, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and histone deacetylase, within a short time period. Comparative analysis revealed significantly decreased chromosomal variation in iPSCs and significantly increased Sirt1 expression compared with iPSCs induced using the traditional episomal system. CONCLUSION The 6F/BM1-4C system effectively induces reprogramming of urine cells in samples obtained from different individuals. iPSCs induced using the 6F/BM1-4C system are more stable at the cytogenetic level and have potential value for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Wang
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuehua Chen
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Guan
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiju Zhao
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Mo
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Guangdong Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Departments of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Biocare Institute of Cancer, Building D, Guangzhou International Business Incubator, No. 3, Juquan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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175
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Tousley A, Kegel-Gleason KB. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Huntington's Disease Research: Progress and Opportunity. J Huntingtons Dis 2017; 5:99-131. [PMID: 27372054 PMCID: PMC4942721 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-160199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from controls and patients can act as a starting point for in vitro differentiation into human brain cells for discovery of novel targets and treatments for human disease without the same ethical limitations posed by embryonic stem cells. Numerous groups have successfully produced and characterized Huntington’s disease (HD) iPSCs with different CAG repeat lengths, including cells from patients with one or two HD alleles. HD iPSCs and the neural cell types derived from them recapitulate some disease phenotypes found in both human patients and animal models. Although these discoveries are encouraging, the use of iPSCs for cutting edge and reproducible research has been limited due to some of the inherent problems with cell lines and the technological differences in the way laboratories use them. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the HD iPSC field, and to highlight some of the issues that need to be addressed to maximize their potential as research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly B. Kegel-Gleason
- Correspondence to: Kimberly Kegel-Gleason, Assistant Professor in Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Room 2001, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Tel.: +1 617 724 8754; E-mail:
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176
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Derivation and characterization of integration-free iPSC line ISRM-UM51 derived from SIX2-positive renal cells isolated from urine of an African male expressing the CYP2D6 *4/*17 variant which confers intermediate drug metabolizing activity. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:18-21. [PMID: 29035842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SIX2-positive renal cells isolated from urine from a 51year old male of African origin bearing the CYP2D6 *4/*17 variant were reprogrammed by nucleofection of a combination of two episomal-based plasmids omitting pathway (TGFβ, MEK and GSK3β) inhibition. The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were characterized by immunocytochemistry, embryoid body formation, DNA-fingerprinting and karyotype analysis. Comparative transcriptome analyses with human embryonic stem cell lines H1 and H9 revealed a Pearson correlation of 0.9243 and 0.9619 respectively.
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177
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Giacomelli E, Mummery CL, Bellin M. Human heart disease: lessons from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3711-3739. [PMID: 28573431 PMCID: PMC5597692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Technical advances in generating and phenotyping cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) are now driving their wider acceptance as in vitro models to understand human heart disease and discover therapeutic targets that may lead to new compounds for clinical use. Current literature clearly shows that hPSC-CMs recapitulate many molecular, cellular, and functional aspects of human heart pathophysiology and their responses to cardioactive drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of hPSC-CMs models that have been described to date and highlight their most recent and remarkable contributions to research on cardiovascular diseases and disorders with cardiac traits. We conclude discussing immediate challenges, limitations, and emerging solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giacomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Building Zuidhorst, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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178
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Lichner Z, Mac-Way F, Yousef GM. Obstacles in Renal Regenerative Medicine: Metabolic and Epigenetic Parallels Between Cellular Reprogramming and Kidney Cancer Oncogenesis. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 5:250-261. [PMID: 28847686 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Regenerative medicine has recently presented a revolutionary solution to end-stage kidney disease. Reprogramming patients' own cells generates induced pluripotent stem cells that are subsequently differentiated to "kidney organoid," a structure that is anatomically and functionally similar to the kidney. This approach holds the promise of a transplantable, immunocompetent, and functional kidney that could be produced in vitro. However, caution must be taken due to the molecular-level similarities between induced pluripotent stem cells and renal cell carcinomas. As such, if cell reprogramming is not tightly controlled, it can lead to carcinogenic changes. OBJECTIVE Based on recent next-generation sequencing results and other supporting data, we identified three major molecular attributes of renal cell carcinoma: metabolic alterations, epigenetic changes, and miRNA-based alterations. Strikingly, these variations are mirrored in induced pluripotent stem cells, which are the main cell source of renal regenerative medicine. Our objective was to discuss the shared metabolic, epigenetic and miRNA-regulated characteristics and to abridge their significance in renal regenerative medicine. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION English-language literature was retrieved through PubMed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Authors collected the published evidence and evaluated the content based on independent literature findings. Articles were filtered to include only highly relevant, recent publications that presented reproducible results by authorities of the field. CONCLUSIONS The kidney represents a unique metabolic environment that could be hijacked by induced pluripotent stem cells or by partially differentiated cells for oncogenic transformation. Future differentiation protocols must produce kidney organoids that are fully engaged in filtration function. PATIENT SUMMARY A new technology can produce mini-kidneys or kidney organoids. This review discusses some of the challenges this technology has to face, including its high oncogenic potential. Understanding these similarities will lead to the safe creation of new functional kidney units in patients with kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- Research Center of CHU de Québec, l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Division of Nephrology, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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179
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Abstract
Ex vivo production of human platelets has been pursued as an alternative measure to resolve limitations in the supply and safety of current platelet transfusion products. To this end, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered an ideal global source, as they are not only pluripotent and self-renewing, but are also available from basically any person, have relatively few ethical issues, and are easy to manipulate. From human iPSCs, megakaryocyte (MK) lines with robust proliferation capacity have been established by the introduction of specified sets of genes. These expandable MKs are also cryopreservable and thus would be suitable as master cells for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade production of platelets, assuring availability on demand and safety against blood-borne infections. Meanwhile, developments in bioreactors that physically mimic the in vivo environment and discovery of substances that promote thrombopoiesis have yielded competent platelets with improved efficiency. The derivation of platelets from iPSCs could further resolve transfusion-related alloimmune complications through the manufacturing of autologous products and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible platelets from stocked homologous HLA-type iPSC libraries or by manipulation of HLAs and human platelet antigens (HPAs). Considering these key advances in the field, HLA-deleted platelets could become a universal product that is manufactured at industrial level to safely fulfill almost all demands. In this review, we provide an overview of the ex vivo production of iPSC-derived platelets toward clinical applications, a production that would revolutionize the blood transfusion system and lead the field of iPSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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180
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Liu YN, Lu SY, Yao J. Application of induced pluripotent stem cells to understand neurobiological basis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:579-599. [PMID: 28393474 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, usually involves complex combinations of genetic defects/variations and environmental impacts, which hindered, for a long time, research efforts based on animal models and patients' non-neuronal cells or post-mortem tissues. However, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology by the Yamanaka group was immediately applied to establish cell research models for neuronal disorders. Since then, techniques to achieve highly efficient differentiation of different types of neural cells following iPSC modeling have made much progress. The fast-growing iPSC and neural differentiation techniques have brought valuable insights into the pathology and neurobiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we first review the application of iPSC technology in modeling neuronal disorders and discuss the progress in the accompanying neural differentiation. Then, we summarize the progress in iPSC-based research that has been accomplished so far regarding schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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181
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Gupta N, Susa K, Morizane R. Regenerative Medicine, Disease Modeling, and Drug Discovery in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Kidney Tissue. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2017; 3:57-67. [PMID: 31157117 PMCID: PMC6544146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The multitude of research clarifying critical factors in embryonic organ development has been instrumental in human stem cell research. Mammalian organogenesis serves as the archetype for directed differentiation protocols, subdividing the process into a series of distinct intermediate stages that can be chemically induced and monitored for the expression of stage-specific markers. Significant advances over the past few years include established directed differentiation protocols of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into human kidney organoids in vitro. Human kidney tissue in vitro simulate the in vivo response when subject to nephrotoxins, providing a novel screening platform during drug discovery to facilitate identification of lead candidates, reduce developmental expenditures, and reduce future rates of drug-induced acute kidney injury. Patient-derived hiPSCs, which bear naturally occurring DNA mutations, may allow for modeling of human genetic diseases to determine pathologic mechanisms and screen for novel therapeutics. In addition, recent advances in genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 enable to generate specific mutations to study genetic disease with non-mutated lines serving as an ideal isogenic control. The growing population of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a world-wide healthcare problem with higher morbidity and mortality that warrants the discovery of novel forms of renal replacement therapy. Coupling the outlined advances in hiPSC research with innovative bioengineering techniques, such as decellularized kidney and 3D printed scaffolds, may contribute to the development of bioengineered transplantable human kidney tissue as a means of renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Koichiro Susa
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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182
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Testosterone improves the differentiation efficiency of insulin-producing cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179353. [PMID: 28594910 PMCID: PMC5464652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) may provide potential resource for regenerative medicine research, including generation of insulin-producing cells for diabetes research and insulin production. Testosterone (T) is an androgen hormone which promotes protein synthesis and improves the management of type 2 diabetes in clinical studies. Concurrently, co-existed hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism is frequently observed in polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and some of Wermer's syndrome. However, the relationship among androgens, insulin and the differentiation of pancreatic β cells is still not fully clear. Here we find that T improves the differentiation efficiency of insulin-producing cells from hiPSCs. The addition of T into routine differentiation formula for pancreatic β cells increases the differentiation efficiency from 12% to 35%. The administration of T promotes the expression of key genes associated with β cells differentiation including NGN3, NEUROD1 and INS. This finding benefits the ongoing process to optimize the differentiation protocol of pancreatic β cells from hiPSCs, and provides some degree of understanding the clinical management of T for type 2 diabetes.
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183
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Kaminski MM, Tosic J, Pichler R, Arnold SJ, Lienkamp SS. Engineering kidney cells: reprogramming and directed differentiation to renal tissues. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:185-197. [PMID: 28560692 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing knowledge of how cell identity is determined at the molecular level has enabled the generation of diverse tissue types, including renal cells from pluripotent or somatic cells. Recently, several in vitro protocols involving either directed differentiation or transcription-factor-based reprogramming to kidney cells have been established. Embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells can be guided towards a kidney fate by exposing them to combinations of growth factors or small molecules. Here, renal development is recapitulated in vitro resulting in kidney cells or organoids that show striking similarities to mammalian embryonic nephrons. In addition, culture conditions are also defined that allow the expansion of renal progenitor cells in vitro. Another route towards the generation of kidney cells is direct reprogramming. Key transcription factors are used to directly impose renal cell identity on somatic cells, thus circumventing the pluripotent stage. This complementary approach to stem-cell-based differentiation has been demonstrated to generate renal tubule cells and nephron progenitors. In-vitro-generated renal cells offer new opportunities for modelling inherited and acquired renal diseases on a patient-specific genetic background. These cells represent a potential source for developing novel models for kidney diseases, drug screening and nephrotoxicity testing and might represent the first steps towards kidney cell replacement therapies. In this review, we summarize current approaches for the generation of renal cells in vitro and discuss the advantages of each approach and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Tosic
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Pichler
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soeren S Lienkamp
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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184
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The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool to study skeletal dysplasias and cartilage-related pathologic conditions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:616-624. [PMID: 27919783 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has opened up new horizons for development of new research tools especially for skeletal dysplasias, which often lack human disease models. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering could be the next areas to benefit from refinement of iPSC methods to repair focal cartilage defects, while applications for osteoarthritis (OA) and drug screening have evolved rather slowly. Although the advances in iPSC research of skeletal dysplasias and repair of focal cartilage lesions are not directly relevant to OA, they can be considered to pave the way to future prospects and solutions to OA research, too. The same problems which face the present cell-based treatments of cartilage injuries concern also the iPSC-based ones. However, established iPSC lines, which have no genomic aberrations and which efficiently differentiate into extracellular matrix secreting chondrocytes, could be an invaluable cell source for cell transplantations in the future. The safety issues concerning the recipient risks of teratoma formation and immune response still have to be solved before the potential use of iPSCs in cartilage repair of focal cartilage defects and OA.
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185
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He W, Zhu W, Cao Q, Shen Y, Zhou Q, Yu P, Liu X, Ma J, Li Y, Hong K. Generation of Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells From Urine in Pediatric Patients. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2181-5. [PMID: 27569968 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for regenerative medicine. Traditionally, the procedures of MSC isolation are usually invasive and time-consuming. Urine is merely a body waste, and recent studies have suggested that urine represents an alternative source of stem cells. We, therefore, determined whether the possibility of isolating mesenchymal-like stem cells was practical from human urine. METHODS A total of 16 urine samples were collected from pediatric patients. Urine-derived cells were isolated, expanded, and identified for specific cell surface markers using flow cytometry. Cell morphology was observed by microscopy. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential were determinded by culturing cells in specific induction medium, and assessed by alkaline phosphatase and oil red O stainings, respectively. RESULTS Clones were established and passaged successfully from primary cultures of urine cells. Cultured urine-derived cells at passage 3 were fusiform and arranged with certain directionality. Urine-derived cells at passage 5 displayed expressions of cell surface markers (CD29, CD105, CD166, CD90, and CD13). There was no expression of the general hematopoietic cell markers (CD45, CD34, and HLA-DR). Under in vitro induction conditions, urine-derived cells at passage 5 were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, but not adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Urine may be a noninvasive source for mesenchymal-like stem cells. These cells could potentially provide a new source of autologous stem cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - W Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Q Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - K Hong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
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186
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Wegscheid ML, Anastasaki C, Gutmann DH. Human stem cell modeling in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Exp Neurol 2017; 299:270-280. [PMID: 28392281 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The future of precision medicine is heavily reliant on the use of human tissues to identify the key determinants that account for differences between individuals with the same disorder. This need is exemplified by the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) neurogenetic condition. As such, individuals with NF1 are born with a germline mutation in the NF1 gene, but may develop numerous distinct neurological problems, ranging from autism and attention deficit to brain and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Coupled with accurate preclinical mouse models, the availability of NF1 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides new opportunities to define the critical factors that underlie NF1-associated nervous system disease pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we discuss the generation and potential applications of iPSC technology to the study of NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Wegscheid
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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187
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M Lee Y, Zampieri BL, Scott-McKean JJ, Johnson MW, Costa ACS. Generation of Integration-Free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Urine-Derived Cells Isolated from Individuals with Down Syndrome. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1465-1476. [PMID: 28371411 PMCID: PMC5689751 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy 21 (T21). Over the past two decades, the use of mouse models has led to significant advances in the understanding of mechanisms underlying various phenotypic features and comorbidities secondary to T21 and even informed the design of clinical trials aimed at enhancing the cognitive abilities of persons with DS. In spite of its success, this approach has been plagued by all the typical limitations of rodent modeling of human disorders and diseases. Recently, several laboratories have succeeded in producing T21 human induced pluripotent stem cells (T21-iPSCs) from individuals with DS, which is emerging as a promising complementary tool for the study of DS. Here, we describe the method by which we generated 10 T21-iPSC lines from epithelial cells in urine samples, presumably from kidney epithelial origin, using nonintegrating episomal vectors. We also show that these iPSCs maintain chromosomal stability for well over 20 passages and are more sensitive to proteotoxic stress than euploid iPSCs. Furthermore, these iPSC lines can be differentiated into glutamatergic neurons and cardiomyocytes. By culturing urine-derived cells and maximizing the efficiency of episomal vector transfection, we have been able to generate iPSCs noninvasively and effectively from participants with DS in an ongoing clinical trial, and thus address most shortcomings of previously generated T21-iPSC lines. These techniques should extend the application of iPSCs in modeling DS and other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and may lead to future human cell-based platforms for high-throughput drug screening. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1465-1476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young M Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | - Mark W Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Alberto C S Costa
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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188
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Generation of Human Liver Chimeric Mice with Hepatocytes from Familial Hypercholesterolemia Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:605-618. [PMID: 28262545 PMCID: PMC5355732 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) causes elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in blood and carries an increased risk of early-onset cardiovascular disease. A caveat for exploration of new therapies for FH is the lack of adequate experimental models. We have created a comprehensive FH stem cell model with differentiated hepatocytes (iHeps) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), including genetically engineered iPSCs, for testing therapies for FH. We used FH iHeps to assess the effect of simvastatin and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) antibodies on LDL-C uptake and cholesterol lowering in vitro. In addition, we engrafted FH iHeps into the liver of Ldlr-/-/Rag2-/-/Il2rg-/- mice, and assessed the effect of these same medications on LDL-C clearance and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in vivo. Our iHep models recapitulate clinical observations of higher potency of PCSK9 antibodies compared with statins for reversing the consequences of FH, demonstrating the utility for preclinical testing of new therapies for FH patients.
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189
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Stem cell therapy: An emerging modality in glomerular diseases. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:333-348. [PMID: 28089754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kidney has been considered a highly terminally differentiated organ with low proliferative potential and thus unlikely to undergo regeneration. Glomerular disease progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which requires dialysis or renal transplantation for better quality of life for patients with ESRD. Because of the shortage of implantable kidneys and complications such as immune rejection, septicemia and toxicity of immunosuppression, kidney transplantation remains a challenge. Therapeutic options available for glomerular disease include symptomatic treatment and strategies to delay progression. In an attempt to develop innovative treatments by promoting the limited capability of regeneration and repair after kidney injury and overcome the progressive pathological process that is uncontrolled with conventional treatment modalities, stem cell-based therapy has emerged as novel intervention due to its ability to inhibit inflammation and promote regeneration. Recent developments in cell therapy have demonstrated promising therapeutic outcomes in terms of restoration of renal structure and function. This review focuses on stem cell therapy approaches for the treatment of glomerular disease, including the various cell sources used and recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies.
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190
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Steichen C, Si-Tayeb K, Wulkan F, Crestani T, Rosas G, Dariolli R, Pereira AC, Krieger JE. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) Cells from Urine Samples: A Non-Integrative and Feeder-Free Reprogramming Strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 92:21.7.1-21.7.22. [PMID: 28075482 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell technology has already revolutionized some aspects of fundamental and applied research such as study of disease mechanisms and pharmacology screening. The first clinical trial using hiPS cell-derived cells began in Japan, only 10 years after the publication of the proof-of concept article. In this exciting context, strategies to generate hiPS cells have evolved quickly, tending towards non-invasive protocols to sample somatic cells combined with "safer" reprogramming strategies. In this unit, we describe a protocol combining both of these advantages to generate hiPS cells with episomal plasmid transfection from urine samples of individuals carrying the desired genotype. Based on previous published works, this simplified protocol requires minimal equipment and reagents, and is suitable both for scientists familiar with the hiPS cells technology and neophytes. HiPS cells displaying classical features of pluripotency and suitable for all desired downstream applications are generated rapidly (<10 weeks) and with high efficiency. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karim Si-Tayeb
- INSERM, UMR1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Fanny Wulkan
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayane Crestani
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graça Rosas
- Emergency Medicine Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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191
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Guo D, Liu H, Gao G, Liu Y, Zhuang Y, Yang F, Wang K, Zhou T, Qin D, Hong L, Li J, Xu K, Li YX. Creating a patient carried Men1 gene point mutation on wild type iPSCs locus mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 and ssODN. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:67-69. [PMID: 28395809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient specific point mutation (c.1288G>T) of Men1 gene was introduced into wide type iPSC line with CRISPR/Cas9 and single-stranded donor oligonucleotides carrying the mutation. The mutated iPSC line has a heterozygous c.1288G>T mutation on exon-9 of Men1 that was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The karyotype of this line was normal and the pluripotency was demonstrated by its ability to differentiate into three germ layers. These artificially created Men1 mutation in wild type iPSC line will help to dissect out the molecular basis of two patients carried the same mutation from one family who were differentially represented hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Guo
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haikun Liu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhuang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kepin Wang
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhou
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangqing Hong
- The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Kidney Transplantation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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192
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Guo D, Wu F, Liu H, Gao G, Kou S, Yang F, Abbas N, Zhou T, Cai X, Zhang H, Qin D, Li J, Xu K, Li YX. Generation of non-integrated induced pluripotent stem cells from a 59-year-old female with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:64-66. [PMID: 28395808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine resource cells were collected from a 59-year-old female patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) for generating iPS cells with episomal plasmids carrying Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and miR-302-367. The patient sustained a heterozygous G>T transition mutation on the exon 9 of Men1 gene that was confirmed by sequencing analysis on the obtained iPSC lines. Karyotyping indicated the chromosomes with normal appearances and numbers. Their pluripotency was demonstrated by gene expression, as well as their abilities for differentiating into three germ layers. This cell line provides an ideal model for studying MEN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Guo
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feima Wu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haikun Liu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanglong Kou
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nasir Abbas
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhou
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Cai
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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193
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Generation of non-integrated induced pluripotent stem cells from a 23-year-old male with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:70-72. [PMID: 28395810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine resource cells were collected from a 23-year-old male with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) for generating iPS cells with episomal plasmids. Two stable iPSC lines with free of episomal plasmid were established. The patient has a heterozygous G>T mutation on the exon 9 of Men1 gene that was confirmed by sequencing analysis on all resulted cell lines. Karyotyping indicated the chromosomes with normal appearances and numbers. Their pluripotency was demonstrated by gene expression and their abilities for differentiating into three germ layers. These iPSC lines provide valuable in vitro resources for pathological study on MEN1 syndrome.
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194
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Kim EY, Page P, Dellefave-Castillo LM, McNally EM, Wyatt EJ. Direct reprogramming of urine-derived cells with inducible MyoD for modeling human muscle disease. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:32. [PMID: 27651888 PMCID: PMC5025576 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular models of muscle disease are taking on increasing importance with the large number of genes and mutations implicated in causing myopathies and the concomitant need to test personalized therapies. Developing cell models relies on having an easily obtained source of cells, and if the cells are not derived from muscle itself, a robust reprogramming process is needed. Fibroblasts are a human cell source that works well for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, which can then be differentiated into cardiomyocyte lineages, and with less efficiency, skeletal muscle-like lineages. Alternatively, direct reprogramming with the transcription factor MyoD has been used to generate myotubes from cultured human fibroblasts. Although useful, fibroblasts require a skin biopsy to obtain and this can limit their access, especially from pediatric populations. RESULTS We now demonstrate that direct reprogramming of urine-derived cells is a highly efficient and reproducible process that can be used to establish human myogenic cells. We show that this method can be applied to urine cells derived from normal individuals as well as those with muscle diseases. Furthermore, we show that urine-derived cells can be edited using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. CONCLUSIONS With progress in understanding the molecular etiology of human muscle diseases, having a readily available, noninvasive source of cells from which to generate muscle-like cells is highly useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Y Kim
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Patrick Page
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Lisa M Dellefave-Castillo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Eugene J Wyatt
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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195
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Evaluation of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy in Patient-Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161455. [PMID: 27584576 PMCID: PMC5008816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is caused by mutations of the transthyretin (TTR) gene, predominantly expressed in the liver. Two compounds that knockdown TTR, comprising a small interfering RNA (siRNA; ALN-TTR-02) and an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO; IONIS-TTRRx), are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Since primary hepatocytes from FAP patients are rarely available for molecular analysis and commercial tissue culture cells or animal models lack the patient-specific genetic background, this study uses primary cells derived from urine of FAP patients. Urine-derived cells were reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with high efficiency. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) showing typical hepatic marker expression were obtained from iPSCs of the FAP patients. TTR mRNA expression of FAP HLCs almost reached levels measured in human hepatocytes. To assess TTR knockdown, siTTR1 and TTR-ASO were introduced to HLCs. A significant downregulation (>80%) of TTR mRNA was induced in the HLCs by both oligonucleotides. TTR protein present in the cell culture supernatant of HLCs was similarly downregulated. Gene expression of other hepatic markers was not affected by the therapeutic oligonucleotides. Our data indicate that urine cells (UCs) after reprogramming and hepatic differentiation represent excellent primary human target cells to assess the efficacy and specificity of novel compounds.
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196
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Chen HY, Tan HK, Loh YH. Derivation of Transgene-Free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from a Single Drop of Blood. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN STEM CELL BIOLOGY 2016; 38:4A.9.1-4A.9.10. [PMID: 27532818 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have great potential for future use in therapeutic regenerative medicine. Based on the current protocol for deriving hiPSCs, invasive procedures such as skin biopsies and venipuncture are required for obtaining donor samples. Herein, we present a detailed protocol for deriving hiPSCs from human finger-prick (FP) blood. In this method, the transgene-free hiPSCs can be easily generated from only 10 µl of FP blood. The finger-pricked iPSCs (FPiPSCs) show all the pluripotency markers and can be easily differentiated into various cell lineages. The time required for deriving the FPiPSCs is relatively short-10 to 15 days for FP blood expansion and 20 to 30 days for reprogramming. This method can be easily adapted for setting up a large scale iPSC bank as it requires only 10 µl of the donor FP blood, which can be easily collected. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu Chen
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell, Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hong-Kee Tan
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell, Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell, Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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197
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Hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatol Int 2016; 11:54-69. [PMID: 27530815 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-016-9757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that coordinated expression of a limited number of genes can reprogram differentiated somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has opened novel possibilities for developing cell-based models of diseases and regenerative medicine utilizing cell reprogramming or cell transplantation. Directed differentiation of iPSCs can potentially generate differentiated cells belonging to any germ layer, including cells with hepatocyte-like morphology and function. Such cells, termed iHeps, can be derived by sequential cell signaling using available information on embryological development or by forced expression of hepatocyte-enriched transcription factors. In addition to the translational aspects of iHeps, the experimental findings have provided insights into the mechanisms of cell plasticity that permit one cell type to transition to another. However, iHeps generated by current methods do not fully exhibit all characteristics of mature hepatocytes, highlighting the need for additional research in this area. Here we summarize the current approaches and achievements in this field and discuss some existing hurdles and emerging approaches for improving iPSC differentiation, as well as maintaining such cells in culture for increasing their utility in disease modeling and drug development.
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198
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Shi L, Cui Y, Luan J, Zhou X, Han J. Urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a modeling tool to study rare human diseases. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:192-201. [PMID: 27672542 PMCID: PMC4995418 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2016.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases with a low prevalence are a key public health issue because the causes of those diseases are difficult to determine and those diseases lack a clearly established or curative treatment. Thus, investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathology of rare diseases and facilitating the development of novel therapies using disease models is crucial. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are well suited to modeling rare diseases since they have the capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. In addition, iPSC technology provides a valuable tool to generate patient-specific iPSCs. These cells can be differentiated into cell types that have been affected by a disease. These cells would circumvent ethical concerns and avoid immunological rejection, so they could be used in cell replacement therapy or regenerative medicine. To date, human iPSCs could have been generated from multiple donor sources, such as skin, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood. However, these cells are obtained via invasive procedures. In contrast, several groups of researchers have found that urine may be a better source for producing iPSCs from normal individuals or patients. This review discusses urinary iPSC (UiPSC) as a candidate for modeling rare diseases. Cells obtained from urine have overwhelming advantages compared to other donor sources since they are safely, affordably, and frequently obtained and they are readily obtained from patients. The use of iPSC-based models is also discussed. UiPSCs may prove to be a key means of modeling rare diseases and they may facilitate the treatment of those diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Luan
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jinxiang Han, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong 250062, China. E-mail:
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199
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Li D, Qiu X, Yang J, Liu T, Luo Y, Lu Y. Generation of Human Lens Epithelial-Like Cells From Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2555-62. [PMID: 26991066 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Research Center; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaodi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Tianjin Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy for Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
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200
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Sochacki J, Devalle S, Reis M, Mattos P, Rehen S. Generation of urine iPS cell lines from patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using a non-integrative method. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:102-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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