151
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Reksten TR, Jonsson MV. Sjögren's syndrome: an update on epidemiology and current insights on pathophysiology. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2014; 26:1-12. [PMID: 24287189 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting 0.2% to 3.0% of the population, with a 9:1 female to male ratio. Features are oral and ocular dryness, local and systemic autoantibody production, and progressive focal mononuclear cell infiltration in the affected salivary and lacrimal glands. Lymphoma is the most severe complication of pSS, occurring in 4% to 5% of patients. Genetic studies identified an association with HLA and susceptibility genes in cytokine genes and genes involved in B-cell differentiation. Genetic variations may help explain why disease manifestations differ among patients and supports the hypothesis of certain distinct disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove R Reksten
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, The Laboratory Building, 5th Floor, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
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152
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Devarajan P, Miska J, Lui JB, Swieboda D, Chen Z. Opposing effects of CTLA4 insufficiency on regulatory versus conventional T cells in autoimmunity converge on effector memory in target tissue. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4368-80. [PMID: 25246499 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative variations in CTLA4 expression, because of genetic polymorphisms, are associated with various human autoimmune conditions, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Extensive studies have demonstrated that CTLA4 is not only essential for the suppressive role of regulatory T cells (T(reg)) but also required for intrinsic control of conventional T (T(conv)) cells. We report that a modest insufficiency of CTLA4 in mice, which mimics the effect of some human CTLA4 genetic polymorphisms, accompanied by a T1D-permissive MHC locus, was sufficient to induce juvenile-onset diabetes on an otherwise T1D-resistant genetic background. Reduction in CTLA4 levels had an unanticipated effect in promoting Treg function both in vivo and in vitro. It led to an increase in T(reg) memory in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid target tissue. Conversely, modulating CTLA4 by either RNA interference or Ab blockade promoted conventional effector memory T cell formation in the T(conv) compartment. The CD4(+) conventional effector memory T cells, including those within target tissue, produced IL-17 or IFN-γ. Blocking IL-7 signaling reduced the Th17 autoimmune compartment but did not suppress the T1D induced by CTLA4 insufficiency. Enhanced effector memory formation in both T(conv) and T(reg) lineages may underpin the apparently dichotomized impact of CTLA4 insufficiency on autoimmune pathogenesis. Therefore, although the presence of CTLA4 plays a critical role in controlling homeostasis of T cells, its quantitative variation may impose diverse or even opposing effects on distinct lineages of T cells, an optimal sum of which is necessary for preservation of T cell immunity while suppressing tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Jen Bon Lui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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153
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Tsai PJ, Wang HS, Lin GJ, Chou SC, Chu TH, Chuan WT, Lu YJ, Weng ZC, Su CH, Hsieh PS, Sytwu HK, Lin CH, Chen TH, Shyu JF. Undifferentiated Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Induces Insulin-Producing Cell Differentiation and Suppression of T-Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1555-70. [PMID: 25198179 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x683016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) brings about their incorporation into a variety of tissues with immunosuppressive effects, resulting in regeneration of pancreatic islets. We previously showed that human MSCs isolated from Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) represent a potential cell source to treat diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this study was to discern whether undifferentiated WJ-MSCs can differentiate into pancreatic insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and modify immunological responses in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Undifferentiated WJ-MSCs underwent lentiviral transduction to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and then were injected into the retro-orbital venous sinus of NOD mice. Seven days after transplantation, fluorescent islet-like cell clusters in the pancreas were apparent. WJ-MSC-GFP-treated NOD mice had significantly lower blood glucose and higher survival rates than saline-treated mice. Systemic and local levels of autoaggressive T-cells, including T helper 1 cells and IL-17-producing T-cells, were reduced, and regulatory T-cell levels were increased. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were increased, and dendritic cells were decreased. At 23 days, higher human C-peptide and serum insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance were found. Additionally, WJ-MSCs-GFP differentiated into IPCs as shown by colocalization of human C-peptide and GFP in the pancreas. Significantly more intact islets and less severe insulitis were observed. In conclusion, undifferentiated WJ-MSCs can differentiate into IPCs in vivo with immunomodulatory effects and repair the destroyed islets in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jiun Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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154
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Ziai S, Coriati A, Gauthier MS, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Richter MV. Could T cells be involved in lung deterioration and hyperglycemia in cystic fibrosis? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 105:22-9. [PMID: 24731255 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most frequent complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) and associated with increased mortality. Why patients have an accelerated loss of lung function before the diagnosis of CFRD remains poorly understood. We reported that patients with or without CFRD had increased glucose excursions when compared to healthy peers. Studies have demonstrated that patients with CF have increased glucose fluctuations and hyperglycemia and that this may affect the clinical course of CF and lead to lymphocyte dysfunction. T-helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes produce and secrete the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. The Th17 pathway is involved in CF lung inflammation, β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Th17 cells of patients with type 2 diabetes have increased production of IL-17 when compared to healthy peers. Also, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) have been shown to be dysfunctional and produce IL-17 in T1D. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect inflammation in CF, diabetes and the differentiation of lymphocytes. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of hyperglycemia on Th17 cells, Tregs and IL-17 as a potential cause for accelerated lung function decline before CFRD and how this could be modulated by vitamin D or by directly intervening in the IL-17A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ziai
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A Coriati
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M-S Gauthier
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - R Rabasa-Lhoret
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre (MDRC), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) & CHUM Research Center (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M V Richter
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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155
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Targeting the IL-17/IFN-γ axis as a potential new clinical therapy for type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2014; 154:84-9. [PMID: 24947953 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. There is now mounting evidence that pro-inflammatory pathways, which are mediated by T cells that secrete IL-17 and IFN-γ, play a critical role in the loss of beta cells. These data suggest that blockade of T cells that secrete IL-17 and IFN-γ may halt or reverse disease in subjects with recent-onset T1D. Agents to facilitate this approach are currently in clinical use. Ustekinumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the shared p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been used for the treatment of psoriasis, an indication for which it has proven to be safe and effective. In this review, we summarize the evidence that supports a combined pathogenic role of IL-17 and IFN-γ in the development of T1D, with the aim of providing a rationale for testing agents such as ustekinumab for the treatment of T1D.
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156
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Berrih-Aknin S. Myasthenia Gravis: paradox versus paradigm in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2014; 52:1-28. [PMID: 24934596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a paradigm of organ-specific autoimmune disease (AID). It is mediated by antibodies that target the neuromuscular junction. The purpose of this review is to place MG in the general context of autoimmunity, to summarize the common mechanisms between MG and other AIDs, and to describe the specific mechanisms of MG. We have chosen the most common organ-specific AIDs to compare with MG: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), multiple sclerosis (MS), some systemic AIDs (systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS)), as well as inflammatory diseases of the gut and liver (celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)). Several features are similar between all AIDs, suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms lead to their development. In this review, we address the predisposing factors (genetic, epigenetic, hormones, vitamin D, microbiota), the triggering components (infections, drugs) and their interactions with the immune system [1,2]. The dysregulation of the immune system is detailed and includes the role of B cells, Treg cells, Th17 and cytokines. We particularly focused on the role of TNF-α and interferon type I whose role in MG is very analogous to that in several other AIDS. The implication of AIRE, a key factor in central tolerance is also discussed. Finally, if MG is a prototype of AIDS, it has a clear specificity compared to the other AIDS, by the fact that the target organ, the muscle, is not the site of immune infiltration and B cell expansion, but exclusively that of antibody-mediated pathogenic mechanisms. By contrast, the thymus in the early onset subtype frequently undergoes tissue remodeling, resulting in the development of ectopic germinal centers surrounded by high endothelial venules (HEV), as observed in the target organs of many other AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center UM76, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM U974, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS FRE 3617, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Myology, F-75013 Paris, France.
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157
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Serum IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-β levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and age-matched healthy controls. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:718946. [PMID: 24995325 PMCID: PMC4065742 DOI: 10.1155/2014/718946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is recognized as an autoimmune inflammatory disease and low grade inflammation is also observed in type 2 diabetic patients. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a new player in inflammation. Th17 cells, as the main source of IL-17, require transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interleukin 23 (IL-23). The aim of this study was to investigate serum IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-β levels in diabetic patients and controls. In this case-control study, serum levels of IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-β were measured in 24 type 1 diabetic patients and 30 healthy controls using the ELISA method. Simultaneously, the same methodology was used to compare serum concentration of these three cytokines in 38 type 2 diabetic patients and 40 healthy controls. There was no significant difference between serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 cytokines between cases and controls. However, TGF-β was significantly lower in type 1 diabetic patients (P < 0.001). Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels demonstrate no association with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but, in line with previous studies, TGF-β levels were lower in type 1 diabetic patients.
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158
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Xu X, Zheng S, Yang F, Shi Y, Gu Y, Chen H, Zhang M, Yang T. Increased Th22 cells are independently associated with Th17 cells in type 1 diabetes. Endocrine 2014; 46:90-8. [PMID: 23928796 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is perceived as an autoimmune disease caused by T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. However, the number of inflammatory T cells in blood, as well as the relative importance of each cell type is unclear. Forty-two patients with T1D and 30 controls were enrolled. Circulating primary CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells were quantified with 5-color flow cytometry. Serum IL-22 and IL-17 levels were examined by ELISA. Serum autoantibodies were measured by radio-binding assays, using (35)S-labeled glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65), protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (IA-2), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). Th17-Th22 and Tc1-Tc17 were significantly elevated in patients with T1D compared to control subjects, while there were no significant differences in Th1 cells. The levels of these T cells in different stages of T1D were investigated. Th22 cells showed a positive correlation with Th17 cells in T1D patients. However, we did not find any correlation between IL-17 and IL-22 in sera. Autoantibodies were not significantly different between patients with early T1D and those who have had it for a longer duration. This study indicates that Th22 may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D. Blockade of Th22 cells might be of clinical profit in T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
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159
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The role of dendritic cells in tissue-specific autoimmunity. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:857143. [PMID: 24877157 PMCID: PMC4022068 DOI: 10.1155/2014/857143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the role of dendritic cell subsets in the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. From the increasing list of dendritic cell subclasses, it is becoming clear that we are only at the beginning of understanding the role of these antigen presenting cells in mediating autoimmunity. Emerging research areas for the study of dendritic cell involvement in the onset and inhibition of tissue-specific autoimmunity are presented. Further, we compare tissue specific to systemic autoimmunity to demonstrate how development of dendritic cell-based therapies may be broadly applicable to both classes of autoimmunity. Continued development of these research areas will lead us closer to clinical assessment of novel immunosuppressive therapy for the reversal and prevention of tissue-specific autoimmunity. Through description of dendritic cell functions in the modulation of tissue-specific autoimmunity, we hope to stimulate a greater appreciation and understanding of the role dendritic cells play in the development and treatment of autoimmunity.
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160
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Li S, Joseph C, Becourt C, Klibi J, Luce S, Dubois-Laforgue D, Larger E, Boitard C, Benlagha K. Potential role of IL-17-producing iNKT cells in type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96151. [PMID: 24788601 PMCID: PMC4005752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored in this study the status and potential role of IL-17-producing iNKT cells (iNKT17) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by analyzing these cells in patients with T1D, and in NOD mice, a mouse model for T1D. Our analysis in mice showed an increase of iNKT17 cells in NOD vs control C57BL/6 mice, partly due to a better survival of these cells in the periphery. We also found a higher frequency of these cells in autoimmune-targeted organs with the occurrence of diabetes, suggesting their implication in the disease development. In humans, though absent in fresh PMBCs, iNKT17 cells are detected in vitro with a higher frequency in T1D patients compared to control subjects in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, known to contribute to diabetes occurrence. These IL-1β-stimulated iNKT cells from T1D patients keep their potential to produce IFN-γ, a cytokine that drives islet β-cell destruction, but not IL-4, with a reverse picture observed in healthy volunteers. On the whole, our results argue in favour of a potential role of IL-17-producing iNKT cells in T1D and suggest that inflammation in T1D patients could induce a Th1/Th17 cytokine secretion profile in iNKT cells promoting disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Li
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1160, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Joseph
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1160, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Becourt
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Jihene Klibi
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Luce
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Dubois-Laforgue
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôtel Dieu, GH Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, APHP et Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôtel Dieu, GH Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, APHP et Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christian Boitard
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôtel Dieu, GH Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, APHP et Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1160, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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161
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Wolf KJ, Daft JG, Tanner SM, Hartmann R, Khafipour E, Lorenz RG. Consumption of acidic water alters the gut microbiome and decreases the risk of diabetes in NOD mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:237-50. [PMID: 24453191 PMCID: PMC3966285 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413519650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant formula and breastfeeding are environmental factors that influence the incidence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) as well as the acidity of newborn diets. To determine if altering the intestinal microbiome is one mechanism through which an acidic liquid plays a role in T1D, we placed non-obese diabetic (NOD)/ShiLtJt mice on neutral (N) or acidified H2O and monitored the impact on microbial composition and diabetes incidence. NOD-N mice showed an increased development of diabetes, while exhibiting a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria from as early as 2 weeks of age. NOD-N mice had a decrease in the levels of Foxp3 expression in CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells, as well as decreased CD4(+)IL17(+) cells, and a lower ratio of IL17/IFNγ CD4+ T-cells. Our data clearly indicates that a change in the acidity of liquids consumed dramatically alters the intestinal microbiome, the presence of protective Th17 and Treg cells, and the incidence of diabetes. This data suggests that early dietary manipulation of intestinal microbiota may be a novel mechanism to delay T1D onset in genetically pre-disposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Wolf
- Department of Microbiology (KW, RL), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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162
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Kumar P, Natarajan K, Shanmugam N. High glucose driven expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes in lymphocytes: Molecular mechanisms of IL-17 family gene expression. Cell Signal 2014; 26:528-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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163
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Grieco FA, Moore F, Vigneron F, Santin I, Villate O, Marselli L, Rondas D, Korf H, Overbergh L, Dotta F, Marchetti P, Mathieu C, Eizirik DL. IL-17A increases the expression of proinflammatory chemokines in human pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2014; 57:502-11. [PMID: 24352375 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cytotoxic T cells and macrophages contribute to beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes at least in part through the production of cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α. We have recently shown the IL-17 pathway to be activated in circulating T cells and pancreatic islets of type 1 diabetes patients. Here, we studied whether IL-17A upregulates the production of chemokines by human pancreatic islets, thus contributing to the build-up of insulitis. METHODS Human islets (from 18 donors), INS-1E cells and islets from wild-type and Stat1 knockout mice were studied. Dispersed islet cells were left untreated, or were treated with IL-17A alone or together with IL-1β+IFN-γ or TNF-α+IFN-γ. RNA interference was used to knock down signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Chemokine expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA and histology. Cell viability was evaluated with nuclear dyes. RESULTS IL-17A augmented IL-1β+IFN-γ- and TNF-α+IFN-γ-induced chemokine mRNA and protein expression, and apoptosis in human islets. Beta cells were at least in part the source of chemokine production. Knockdown of STAT1 in human islets prevented cytokine- or IL-17A+cytokine-induced apoptosis and the expression of particular chemokines, e.g. chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands 9 and 10. Similar observations were made in islets isolated from Stat1 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that IL-17A exacerbates proinflammatory chemokine expression and secretion by human islets exposed to cytokines. This suggests that IL-17A contributes to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes by two mechanisms, namely the exacerbation of beta cell apoptosis and increased local production of chemokines, thus potentially aggravating insulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Grieco
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 - CP618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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164
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Sheu TT, Chiang BL, Yen JH, Lin WC. Premature CD4+ T cell aging and its contribution to lymphopenia-induced proliferation of memory cells in autoimmune-prone non-obese diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89379. [PMID: 24586733 PMCID: PMC3935863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP), a mechanism to maintain a constant number of T cells in circulation, occurs in both normal aging and autoimmune disease. The incidence of most autoimmune diseases increases with age, and premature CD4(+) T cell aging has been reported in several autoimmune diseases. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that premature CD4(+) T cell aging can cause autoimmune disease by examining whether premature CD4(+) T cell aging exists and causes LIP in our mouse model. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were used because, in addition to Treg defects, the LIP of T cells has been shown to plays a causative role in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in these mice. We found that with advancing age, NOD mice exhibited an accelerated decrease in the number of CD4(+) T cells due to the loss of naïve cells. This was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of memory cells, leading to a reduced naïve/memory ratio. In addition, both the percentage of CD28(+) cells in CD4(+) T cells and IL-2 production decreased, while the percentage of FAS(+)CD44(+) increased, suggesting that NOD mice exhibit premature CD4(+) T cell aging. This process preferentially contributed to LIP of memory cells. Therefore, our results suggest that premature CD4(+) T cell aging underlies the development of IDDM in NOD mice. Given that CD28 and IL-2 play important roles in Treg function, the relationships between premature CD4(+) T cell aging and lymphopenia as well as Treg defects in autoimmune-prone NOD mice are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Sheu
- Department of Immunology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chi Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Puri KD, Di Paolo JA, Gold MR. B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors for treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases and B-cell malignancies. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 32:397-427. [PMID: 23886342 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.818140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for normal B-cell development, selection, survival, proliferation, and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. Similarly, this pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple B-cell malignancies. Genetic and pharmacological approaches have established an important role for the Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoform p110delta (PI3Kδ) in coupling the BCR and other BCRs to B-cell survival, migration, and activation. In the past few years, several small-molecule inhibitory drugs that target PI3Kδ, Btk, and Syk have been developed and shown to have efficacy in clinical trials for the treatment of several types of B-cell malignancies. Emerging preclinical data have also shown a critical role of BCR signaling in the activation and function of self-reactive B cells that contribute to autoimmune diseases. Because BCR signaling plays a major role in both B-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammation and B-cell malignancies, inhibition of this pathway may represent a promising new strategy for treating these diseases. This review summarizes recent achievements in the mechanism of action, pharmacological properties, and clinical activity and toxicity of these BCR signaling inhibitors, with a focus on their emerging role in treating lymphoid malignancies and autoimmune disorders.
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166
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Li CR, Mueller EE, Bradley LM. Islet antigen-specific Th17 cells can induce TNF-α-dependent autoimmune diabetes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1425-32. [PMID: 24446517 PMCID: PMC3932136 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although Th1 cells are key orchestrators of T1D, the function(s) of the more recently identified Th17 subset are unclear due to inherent plasticity. In this study, we analyzed Th17 cells for stability and diabetogenicity in NOD mice. We found that like Th1 cells, Th17 are a distinct population throughout the prediabetic phase. At diabetes onset, there were marked increases in IL-17-producing Th17 cells and IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells in the pancreas as well as in the serum levels of these cytokines, indicating that these proinflammatory mediators serve as biomarkers of advanced autoimmunity. Although naturally occurring Th17 cells in diabetic mice did not contribute to diabetes development in transfer models, islet-specific Th17 cells were diabetogenic independently of IL-17 and displayed inflammation-induced Th17-to-Th1 reprogramming that could be elicited by Th1 cells. However, an inability to generate Th1 cells because of Stat4, Ifngr, and Ifng deficiencies did not prevent diabetes. Instead, TNF-α could mediate diabetes in response to either Th17 cells or Th1 cells. The results identify a previously unknown mechanism by which Th17 cells can contribute to T1D. Our studies also suggest that when developing interventions for T1D, it will be potentially advantageous to focus on mechanisms common to effector T cells rather than on the signature cytokines of various subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Rui Li
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erin E Mueller
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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167
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Sugimoto K, Itoh T, Takita M, Shimoda M, Chujo D, SoRelle JA, Naziruddin B, Levy MF, Shimada M, Matsumoto S. Improving allogeneic islet transplantation by suppressing Th17 and enhancing Treg with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Transpl Int 2014; 27:408-15. [PMID: 24410777 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a new treatment for achieving insulin independence for patients with severe diabetes. However, major drawbacks of this treatment are the long graft survival, the necessity for immunosuppressive drugs, and the efficacy of transplantation. Donor-specific transfusion (DST) has been shown to reduce rejection after organ transplantation, potentially through enhanced regulatory T-cell (Treg) activity. However, recent findings have shown that activated Treg can be converted into Th17 cells. We focused on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) because it was reported that inhibition of HDAC activity prevented Treg differentiation into IL17-producing cells. We therefore sought to enhance Treg while suppressing Th17 cells using DST with HDACi to prolong graft survival. To stimulate Treg by DST, we used donor splenocytes. In DST with HDACi group, Foxp3 mRNA expression and Treg population increased in the thymus and spleen, whereas Th17 population decreased. qPCR analysis of lymphocyte mRNA indicated that Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-b expression increased. However, interleukin 17a, Stat3 (Th17), and IFN-g expression decreased in DST + HDACi group, relative to DST alone. Moreover, DST treated with HDACi prolonged graft survival relative to controls in mice islet transplantation. DST with HDACi may therefore have utility in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugimoto
- Baylor Research Institute Fort Worth Campus, Fort Worth, TX, USA; The Departments of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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168
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Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:986789. [PMID: 24454481 PMCID: PMC3886602 DOI: 10.1155/2013/986789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Th17 and IL-17 play important roles in the clearance of extracellular bacterial and fungal infections. However, strong evidence also implicates the Th17 lineage in several autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma. The Th17 subset has also been connected with type I diabetes, although whether it plays a role in the pathogenicity of or protection from the disease remains a controversial issue. In this review we have provided a comprehensive overview of Th17 pathogenicity and function, including novel evidence for a protective role of Th17 cells in conjunction with the microbiota gut flora in T1D onset and progression.
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169
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Xu M, Wang C, Tian Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokine by IL-25 in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 22:294-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.854391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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170
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Özçaka Ö, Buduneli N, Ceyhan BO, Akcali A, Hannah V, Nile C, Lappin DF. Is Interleukin-17 Involved in the Interaction Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gingival Inflammation? J Periodontol 2013; 84:1827-37. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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171
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Azab SFA, Saleh SH, Elsaeed WF, Abdelsalam SM, Ali AA, Esh AMH. Vitamin D status in diabetic Egyptian children and adolescents: a case-control study. Ital J Pediatr 2013; 39:73. [PMID: 24228797 PMCID: PMC3834534 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, studies suggesting that vitamin D deficiency correlates with the severity and frequency of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of developing T1DM have been reported. Objective In this study, we aimed to assess vitamin D status in Egyptian children and adolescents with T1DM. Methods This was a case–control study including 80 T1DM diagnosed cases aged 6 to 16 years and 40 healthy children with comparable age and gender as the control group. For all subjects, serum 25 (OH) D levels were measured by ELISA, Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum insulin were measured by an electrochemiluminesce immunoassay. Serum glucose, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also assessed. Results Compared to the control group, serum vitamin D levels were not significantly lower in diabetic subjects (24.7 ± 5.6 vs 26.5 ± 4.8 ng/ml; P > 0.05). Among diabetic cases 44(55%) were vitamin D deficient; meanwhile 36(45%) cases had normal vitamin D level (P < 0.01). In addition, 26(32.5%) diabetic cases had 2ry hyperparathyroidism and 54(67.5%) cases had normal parathyroid hormone level; meanwhile, none of the control group had 2ry hyperparathyroidism (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we found a significant difference between vitamin D deficient diabetic cases and those with normal vitamin D level as regards HOMA-IR and diabetes duration (P < 0.01). Conclusion Public health message on the importance of vitamin D status; especially in diabetic children and adolescents, should be disseminated to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham F A Azab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
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172
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Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes: lessons from the NOD mouse. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 126:1-18. [PMID: 24020444 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T1D (Type 1 diabetes) is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Studies in T1D patients have been limited by the availability of pancreatic samples, a protracted pre-diabetic phase and limitations in markers that reflect β-cell mass and function. The NOD (non-obese diabetic) mouse is currently the best available animal model of T1D, since it develops disease spontaneously and shares many genetic and immunopathogenic features with human T1D. Consequently, the NOD mouse has been extensively studied and has made a tremendous contribution to our understanding of human T1D. The present review summarizes the key lessons from NOD mouse studies concerning the genetic susceptibility, aetiology and immunopathogenic mechanisms that contribute to autoimmune destruction of β-cells. Finally, we summarize the potential and limitations of immunotherapeutic strategies, successful in NOD mice, now being trialled in T1D patients and individuals at risk of developing T1D.
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173
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Singh B, Schwartz JA, Sandrock C, Bellemore SM, Nikoopour E. Modulation of autoimmune diseases by interleukin (IL)-17 producing regulatory T helper (Th17) cells. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:591-4. [PMID: 24434314 PMCID: PMC3928692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of interleukin (IL)-17 producing T helper (Th17) cells as a distinct lineage of CD4+ T helper cells it became clear that these cells play an important role in the host defense against extracellular fungal and bacterial pathogens and participate in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Depending on the microenvironment, Th17 cells can alter their differentiation programme ultimately giving rise to either protective or pro-inflammatory pathogenic cells. We found that besides the conventional in vitro protocol for Th17 differentiation by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plus IL-6 cytokines, a combination of IL-23 plus IL-6 can also induce Th17 cells. The Th17 cells induced by IL-23 plus IL-6 (termed as effector Th17, Teff17 cells) are pathogenic upon adoptive transfer into non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice contributing to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) while cells induced by TGF-β plus IL-6 (termed as regulatory T cells, Treg17 cells) are non pathogenic and regulatory, and suppressed the pathogenic T cells in T1D. These cells differentially expressed a number of cytokines where Teff17 cells exhibited an increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-22 whereas Treg17 cells demonstrated increased expression of IL-21 and immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Differentiation of Th17 cells is controlled by a transcription factor, RORγT although these cells also express variable levels of T-bet and FoxP3 transcription factors. This points to a dual functional role of Th17 subsets in autoimmune diseases particularly T1D. We suggest that similar to conventional regulatory T cells (Treg), induction of regulatory Treg17 cells could play an important role in modulating and preventing certain autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Singh
- Centre for Human Immunology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, & Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada,Reprint requests: Dr Bhagirath Singh, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada e-mail:
| | - Jordan Ari Schwartz
- Centre for Human Immunology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, & Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christian Sandrock
- Centre for Human Immunology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, & Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Stacey M. Bellemore
- Centre for Human Immunology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, & Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Enayat Nikoopour
- Centre for Human Immunology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, & Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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174
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Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection reduces severity of type 1 diabetes induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin in mice via STAT6- and IL-10-independent mechanisms. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:388-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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175
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Liu SM, King C. IL-21–Producing Th Cells in Immunity and Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3501-6. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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176
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Yin H, Li X, Zhang B, Liu T, Yuan B, Ni Q, Hu S, Gu H. Sirolimus ameliorates inflammatory responses by switching the regulatory T/T helper type 17 profile in murine colitis. Immunology 2013; 139:494-502. [PMID: 23480027 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by dysregulated immune responses in inflamed intestine, with dominance of interleukin-17 (IL-17)--producing cells and deficiency of regulatory T (Treg) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanisms of sirolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, on immune responses in a murine model of Crohn's disease. Murine colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid at day 0. Mice were then treated intraperitoneally with sirolimus daily for 3 days. The gross and histological appearances of the colon and the numbers, phenotype and cytokine production of lymphocytes were compared with these characteristics in a control group. Sirolimus treatment significantly decreased all macroscopic, microscopic and histopathological parameters of colitis that were analysed. The therapeutic effects of sirolimus were associated with a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and IL-17A. Intriguingly, sirolimus administration resulted in a prominent up-regulation of the regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β. Supporting the hypothesis that sirolimus directly affects the functional activity of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, we observed a remarkable enhancement of FoxP3 expression in colon tissues and isolated CD4+ T cells of sirolimus-treated mice. Simultaneously, sirolimus treatment led to a significant reduction in the number of CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph node cells as well as IL-17A production in mesenteric lymph node cells. Therefore, sirolimus may offer a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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177
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Grant CW, Moran-Paul CM, Duclos SK, Guberski DL, Arreaza-Rubín G, Spain LM. Testing agents for prevention or reversal of type 1 diabetes in rodents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72989. [PMID: 24023664 PMCID: PMC3758263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results of an independent laboratory's tests of novel agents to prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, BioBreeding diabetes prone (BBDP) rat, and multiple autoimmune disease prone (MAD) rat models. Methods were developed to better mimic human clinical trials, including: prescreening, randomization, blinding, and improved glycemic care of the animals. Agents were suggested by the research community in an open call for proposals, and selected for testing by an NIDDK appointed independent review panel. Agents selected for testing to prevent diabetes at later stages of progression in a rodent model were a STAT4 antagonist (DT22669), alpha1 anti-trypsin (Aralast NP), celastrol (a natural product with anti-inflammatory properties), and a Macrophage Inflammatory Factor inhibitor (ISO-092). Agents tested for reversal of established T1D in rodent models were: alpha1 anti-trypsin (Aralast NP), tolerogenic peptides (Tregitopes), and a long-acting formulation of GLP-1 (PGC-GLP-1). None of these agents were seen to prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes, while the positive control interventions were effective: anti-CD3 treatment provided disease reversal in the NOD mouse, dexamethasone prevented T1D induction in the MAD rat, and cyclosporin prevented T1D in the BBDP rat. For some tested agents, details of previous formulation, delivery, or dosing, as well as laboratory procedure, availability of reagents and experimental design, could have impacted our ability to confirm prior reports of efficacy in preclinical animal models. In addition, the testing protocols utilized here provided detection of effects in a range commonly used in placebo controlled clinical trials (for example, 50% effect size), and thus may have been underpowered to observe more limited effects. That said, we believe the results compiled here, showing good control and repeatability, confirm the feasibility of screening diverse test agents in an independent laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W. Grant
- Biomedical Research Models (BRM), Inc., Worcester and Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Moran-Paul
- Biomedical Research Models (BRM), Inc., Worcester and Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shane K. Duclos
- Biomedical Research Models (BRM), Inc., Worcester and Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dennis L. Guberski
- Biomedical Research Models (BRM), Inc., Worcester and Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Spain
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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178
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Hoffman WH, Passmore GG, Hannon DW, Talor MV, Fox P, Brailer C, Haislip D, Keel C, Harris G, Rose NR, Fiordalisi I, Čiháková D. Increased systemic Th17 cytokines are associated with diastolic dysfunction in children and adolescents with diabetic ketoacidosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71905. [PMID: 24013901 PMCID: PMC3754936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction suggestive of diabetic cardiomyopathy is established in children with T1DM, but its pathogenesis is not well understood. We studied the relationships of systemic inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and cardiac function in 17 children with T1DM during and after correction of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Twenty seven of the 39 measured cytokines/chemokines were elevated at 6-12 hours into treatment of DKA compared to values after DKA resolution. Eight patients displayed at least one parameter of diastolic abnormality (DA) during acute DKA. Significant associations were present between nine of the cytokine/chemokine levels and the DA over time. Interestingly, four of these nine interactive cytokines (GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-12p40, IL-17) are associated with a Th17 mediated cell response. Both the DA and CCL7 and IL-12p40, had independent associations with African American patients. Thus, we report occurrence of a systemic inflammatory response and the presence of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in a subset of young T1DM patients during acute DKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Hoffman
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Georgia Regents University (formerly Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gregory G. Passmore
- Medical Laboratory, Imaging, and Radiologic Sciences, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David W. Hannon
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, The Brody School Of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monica V. Talor
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pam Fox
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine Brailer
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dynita Haislip
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Keel
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Glenn Harris
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Noel R. Rose
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Irma Fiordalisi
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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179
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Kuriya G, Uchida T, Akazawa S, Kobayashi M, Nakamura K, Satoh T, Horie I, Kawasaki E, Yamasaki H, Yu L, Iwakura Y, Sasaki H, Nagayama Y, Kawakami A, Abiru N. Double deficiency in IL-17 and IFN-γ signalling significantly suppresses the development of diabetes in the NOD mouse. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1773-80. [PMID: 23699989 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS T helper type (Th) 17 cells have been shown to play important roles in mouse models of several autoimmune diseases that have been classified as Th1 diseases. In the NOD mouse, the relevance of Th1 and Th17 is controversial, because single-cytokine-deficient NOD mice develop diabetes similarly to wild-type NOD mice. METHODS We studied the impact of IL-17/IFN-γ receptor double deficiency in NOD mice on the development of insulitis/diabetes compared with IL-17 single-deficient mice and wild-type mice by monitoring diabetes-related phenotypes. The lymphocyte phenotypes were determined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS IL-17 single-deficient NOD mice showed delayed onset of diabetes and reduced severity of insulitis, but the cumulative incidence of longstanding diabetes in the IL-17-deficient mice was similar to that in wild-type mice. The IL-17/IFN-γ receptor double-deficient NOD mice showed an apparent decline in longstanding diabetes onset, but not in insulitis compared with that in the IL-17 single-deficient mice. We also found that double-deficient NOD mice had a severe lymphopenic phenotype and preferential increase in regulatory T cells among CD4(+) T cells compared with the IL-17 single-deficient mice and wild-type NOD mice. An adoptive transfer study with CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells from young non-diabetic IL-17 single-deficient NOD mice, but not those from older mice, showed significantly delayed disease onset in immune-deficient hosts compared with the corresponding wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that IL-17/Th17 participates in the development of insulitis and that both IL-17 and IFN-γ signalling may synergistically contribute to the development of diabetes in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kuriya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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180
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Song X, Qian Y. IL-17 family cytokines mediated signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2335-47. [PMID: 23917206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the immediate protective response of the body to pathogen invasions, allergen challenges, chemical exposures or physical injuries. Acute inflammation usually accompanies with transient infiltration of leukocytes, removal of danger signals and eventually tissue repair, while persistent and uncontrolled inflammation becomes a major stimulator in the progression of many chronic diseases in human, including autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer. Interleukin (IL)-17 family is a recent classified subset of cytokines, playing critical roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. In this review, we will summarize recent progresses on the signalings of this family cytokines and their impacts on the inflammatory responses or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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181
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Zou C, Loka RS, Zhang Y, Cairo CW. Glycoform remodeling generates a synthetic T cell phenotype. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:907-14. [PMID: 23742724 DOI: 10.1021/bc300599w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The glycan of specific proteins can dictate the response of cells to stimuli, and thus their phenotype. We describe a chemical strategy to modify the cellular glycoform of T cells, which resulted in a modified cellular response. Our data indicate that chemical modification of the phosphatase CD45 is responsible for the observed differences in response to receptor cross-linking. By increasing the content of galactose epitopes in the glycocalyx of a lymphoma cell line, we were able to increase the response of the cell to lectin stimulation through the glycoprotein receptor, CD45. The method described here exploits metabolic labeling of a cell to reprogram the cellular response to external stimuli though changes in the number of lectin binding sites on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Markle JG, Mortin-Toth S, Wong AS, Geng L, Hayday A, Danska JS. γδ T cells are essential effectors of type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 190:5392-401. [PMID: 23626013 PMCID: PMC3836168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells, a lineage of innate-like lymphocytes, are distinguished from conventional αβ T cells in their Ag recognition, cell activation requirements, and effector functions. γδ T cells have been implicated in the pathology of several human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and their corresponding mouse models, but their specific roles in these diseases have not been elucidated. We report that γδ TCR(+) cells, including both the CD27(-)CD44(hi) and CD27(+)CD44(lo) subsets, infiltrate islets of prediabetic NOD mice. Moreover, NOD CD27(-)CD44(hi) and CD27(+)CD44(lo) γδ T cells were preprogrammed to secrete IL-17, or IFN-γ upon activation. Adoptive transfer of type 1 diabetes (T1D) to T and B lymphocyte-deficient NOD recipients was greatly potentiated when γδ T cells, and specifically the CD27(-) γδ T cell subset, were included compared with transfer of αβ T cells alone. Ab-mediated blockade of IL-17 prevented T1D transfer in this setting. Moreover, introgression of genetic Tcrd deficiency onto the NOD background provided robust T1D protection, supporting a nonredundant, pathogenic role of γδ T cells in this model. The potent contributions of CD27(-) γδ T cells and IL-17 to islet inflammation and diabetes reported in this study suggest that these mechanisms may also underlie human T1D.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Dosage
- Genotype
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet G.M. Markle
- Programme in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto
| | - Steve Mortin-Toth
- Programme in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
| | - Andrea S.L. Wong
- Programme in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto
| | - Liping Geng
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London at Guy’s Hospital, London, UK, SE1 9RT
| | - Adrian Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London at Guy’s Hospital, London, UK, SE1 9RT
- Immune Surveillance Laboratory; London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, WC2, UK
| | - Jayne S. Danska
- Programme in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
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183
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Li X, Qi Y, Ma X, Huang F, Guo H, Jiang X, Hong J, Lin D, Cui B, Ning G, Xu L, Wang S. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20, a potential biomarker for Graves' disease, is regulated by osteopontin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64277. [PMID: 23717583 PMCID: PMC3661485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease involving the thyroid gland. The altered balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GD. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) is important for interleukin-17 (IL-17) signal activation and a potent chemoattractant for Th17 cells. Meanwhile, Osteopontin (OPN), a broadly expressed pleiotropic cytokine, has been implicated in GD through inducing Th1-involved response to enhance the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but little is known about the role of OPN in regulating CCL20 and IL-17 signaling. Objective This study sought to explore the possibility of CCL20 level as a biomarker for GD, as well as investigate the role of OPN in regulating CCL20 production. Methods Fifty untreated GD patients, fifteen euthyroid GD patients, twelve TRAb-negative GD patients and thirty-five healthy control donors were recruited. OPN, CCL20 and other clinical GD diagnosis parameters were measured. CD4+T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using antibody-coated magnetic beads. Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine CCL20 expression level. Results We found that the plasma CCL20 level was enhanced in GD patients and decreased in euthyroid and TRAb-negative GD patients. In addition, CCL20 level correlated with GD clinical diagnostic parameters and plasma OPN level. Moreover, we demonstrated that recombinant OPN and plasma from untreated GD patients increased the expression of CCL20 in CD4+T cells, which could be blocked by OPN antibody. Furthermore, we found that the effect of OPN on CCL20 expression was mediated by β3 integrin receptor, IL-17, NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Conclusions These results demonstrated that CCL20 might serve as a biomarker for GD and suggested the possible role of OPN in induction of CCL20 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Qi
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fengjiao Huang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongping Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GN); (LX); (SW)
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GN); (LX); (SW)
| | - Shu Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GN); (LX); (SW)
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184
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Efferocytosis promotes suppressive effects on dendritic cells through prostaglandin E2 production in the context of autoimmunity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63296. [PMID: 23691013 PMCID: PMC3654963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efferocytosis is a crucial process by which apoptotic cells are cleared by phagocytes, maintaining immune tolerance to self in the absence of inflammation. Peripheral tolerance, lost in autoimmune processes, may be restored by the administration of autologous dendritic cells loaded with islet apoptotic cells in experimental type 1 diabetes. Objective To evaluate tolerogenic properties in dendritic cells induced by the clearance of apoptotic islet cells, thus explaining the re-establishment of tolerance in a context of autoimmunity. Methods Bone marrow derived dendritic cells from non-obese diabetic mice, a model of autoimmune diabetes, were generated and pulsed with islet apoptotic cells. The ability of these cells to induce autologous T cell proliferation and to suppress mature dendritic cell function was assessed, together with cytokine production. Microarray experiments were performed using dendritic cells to identify differentially expressed genes after efferocytosis. Results Molecular and functional changes in dendritic cells after the capture of apoptotic cells were observed. 1) Impaired ability of dendritic cells to stimulate autologous T cell proliferation after the capture of apoptotic cells even after proinflammatory stimuli, with a cytokine profile typical for immature dendritic cells. 2) Suppressive ability of mature dendritic cell function. 3) Microarray-based gene expression profiling of dendritic cells showed differential expression of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation after efferocytosis. 4) Prostaglandin E2 increased production was responsible for immunosuppressive mechanism of dendritic cells after the capture of apoptotic cells. Conclusions The tolerogenic behaviour of dendritic cells after islet cells efferocytosis points to a mechanism of silencing potential autoreactive T cells in the microenvironment of autoimmunity. Our results suggest that dendritic cells may be programmed to induce specific immune tolerance using apoptotic cells; this is a viable strategy for a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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185
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Vergani A, Fotino C, D’Addio F, Tezza S, Podetta M, Gatti F, Chin M, Bassi R, Molano RD, Corradi D, Gatti R, Ferrero ME, Secchi A, Grassi F, Ricordi C, Sayegh MH, Maffi P, Pileggi A, Fiorina P. Effect of the purinergic inhibitor oxidized ATP in a model of islet allograft rejection. Diabetes 2013; 62:1665-75. [PMID: 23315496 PMCID: PMC3636636 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lymphocytic ionotropic purinergic P2X receptors (P2X1R-P2X7R, or P2XRs) sense ATP released during cell damage-activation, thus regulating T-cell activation. We aim to define the role of P2XRs during islet allograft rejection and to establish a novel anti-P2XRs strategy to achieve long-term islet allograft function. Our data demonstrate that P2X1R and P2X7R are induced in islet allograft-infiltrating cells, that only P2X7R is increasingly expressed during alloimmune response, and that P2X1R is augmented in both allogeneic and syngeneic transplantation. In vivo short-term P2X7R targeting (using periodate-oxidized ATP [oATP]) delays islet allograft rejection, reduces the frequency of Th1/Th17 cells, and induces hyporesponsiveness toward donor antigens. oATP-treated mice displayed preserved islet grafts with reduced Th1 transcripts. P2X7R targeting and rapamycin synergized in inducing long-term islet function in 80% of transplanted mice and resulted in reshaping of the recipient immune system. In vitro P2X7R targeting using oATP reduced T-cell activation and diminished Th1/Th17 cytokine production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from long-term islet-transplanted patients showed an increased percentage of P2X7R⁺CD4⁺ T cells compared with controls. The beneficial effects of oATP treatment revealed a role for the purinergic system in islet allograft rejection, and the targeting of P2X7R is a novel strategy to induce long-term islet allograft function.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine Triphosphate/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Animals
- Female
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/adverse effects
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/chemistry
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Sirolimus/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterotopic/adverse effects
- Transplantation, Heterotopic/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterotopic/pathology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergani
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Fotino
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Francesca D’Addio
- Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Tezza
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michele Podetta
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Francesca Gatti
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Chin
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruth D. Molano
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Gatti
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria E. Ferrero
- Department of Human Morphology and Biomedical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Secchi
- Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Mohamed H. Sayegh
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Maffi
- Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author: Paolo Fiorina,
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186
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Lee IF, Wang X, Hao J, Akhoundsadegh N, Chen L, Liu L, Langermann S, Ou D, Warnock GL. B7-H4.Ig inhibits the development of type 1 diabetes by regulating Th17 cells in NOD mice. Cell Immunol 2013; 282:1-8. [PMID: 23623902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immunological destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells and subsequent hyperglycemia. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain spontaneously develops a disease similar to human T1D and is commonly used as an animal model for studying this disease. We have previously shown that the administration of B7-H4-immunoglobulin fusion protein (B7-H4.Ig), a newly identified T-cell co-inhibitory signaling molecule, blocks the onset of diabetes in NOD mice. However, the mechanism(s) by which B7-H4 protects NOD mice from T1D is not fully understood. IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced by Th17 cells, that activates T cells and other immune cells to produce a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Increasing evidence has shown that therapeutic agents targeting the IL-17 molecule or directly inhibiting IL-17-producing cells regulate autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice, suggesting that IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we investigate whether B7-H4.Ig treatment inhibits the generation of Th17 cells which subsequently decreases IL-17 production and prevents the onset of T1D in NOD mice. Pre-diabetic female NOD mice were injected intraperitoneally with control mouse IgG or B7-H4.Ig starting at 4 weeks of age for 12 weeks. Our data showed that the frequency of Th17 cells in B7-H4.Ig-treated mice was significantly decreased. In addition, our data showed that B7-H4.Ig-treated mice had decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th17-associated cytokines, and an increased level of the potent Th17 inhibitor IFN-γ. To further investigate the effect of B7-H4.Ig on differentiation of Th17 cells, we co-cultured splenocytes with Th17-polarizing cytokines in the absence or presence of B7-H4.Ig. Our results indicated that splenocytes, under the Th17 driving conditions in the presence of B7-H4.Ig, had significantly decreased the numbers of Th17 cells compared to cells co-cultured in the absence of B7-H4.Ig. Together, this study suggests that blocking the generation of Th17 cells with the administration of B7-H4.Ig effectively inhibits the development of T1D in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fang Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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187
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Song X, Qian Y. The activation and regulation of IL-17 receptor mediated signaling. Cytokine 2013; 62:175-82. [PMID: 23557798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), the signature cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, plays pivotal roles in host defense responses against microbial invasion, as well as in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and allergic syndromes. IL-17 activates several downstream signaling pathways including NF-κB, MAPKs and C/EBPs to induce gene expression of antibacterial peptides, proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). IL-17 can also stabilize mRNAs of genes induced by TNFα. Although the physiological and pathological functions of IL-17 have been studied for many years, the landscape of its signaling transduction has not been described until recently. The cytosolic adaptor molecule Act1 (also known as CIKS) is considered as the master mediator of IL-17 signaling. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on activation and regulation of IL-17 mediated signal transduction, especially on Act1 mediated regulation of the signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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188
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CHEN WENHAO, XIE AINI, CHAN LAWRENCE. Mechanistic basis of immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Transl Res 2013; 161:217-29. [PMID: 23348026 PMCID: PMC3602320 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease for which there is no cure. The pancreatic beta cells are the source of insulin that keeps blood glucose normal. When susceptible individuals develop T1D, their beta cells are destroyed by autoimmune T lymphocytes and no longer produce insulin. T1D patients therefore depend on daily insulin injections for survival. Gene therapy in T1D aims at the induction of new islets to replace those that have been destroyed by autoimmunity. A major goal of T1D research is to restore functional beta cell mass while eliminating diabetogenic T cells in the hope of achieving insulin independence. Multiple therapeutic strategies for the generation of new beta cells have been under intense investigations. However, newly formed beta cells would be immediately destroyed by diabetogenic T cells. Therefore, successful islet induction therapy must be supported by potent immunotherapy that will protect the newly formed beta cells. Herein, we will summarize the current information on immunotherapies that aim at modifying T cell response to beta cells. We will first outline the immune mechanisms that underlie T1D development and progression and review the scientific background and rationale for specific modes of immunotherapy. Numerous clinical trials using antigen-specific strategies and immune-modifying drugs have been published, though most have proved too toxic or have failed to provide long-term beta cell protection. To develop an effective immunotherapy, there must be a continued effort on defining the molecular basis that underlies T cell response to pancreatic islet antigens in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- WENHAO CHEN
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - AINI XIE
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - LAWRENCE CHAN
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
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189
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Barcala Tabarrozzi AE, Castro CN, Dewey RA, Sogayar MC, Labriola L, Perone MJ. Cell-based interventions to halt autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:135-46. [PMID: 23286940 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from death of insulin-secreting β cells mediated by self-immune cells, and the consequent inability of the body to maintain insulin levels for appropriate glucose homeostasis. Probably initiated by environmental factors, this disease takes place in genetically predisposed individuals. Given the autoimmune nature of T1DM, therapeutics targeting immune cells involved in disease progress have been explored over the last decade. Several high-cost trials have been attempted to prevent and/or reverse T1DM. Although a definitive solution to cure T1DM is not yet available, a large amount of information about its nature and development has contributed greatly to both the improvement of patient's health care and design of new treatments. In this study, we discuss the role of different types of immune cells involved in T1DM pathogenesis and their therapeutic potential as targets and/or modified tools to treat patients. Recently, encouraging results and new approaches to sustain remnant β cell mass and to increase β cell proliferation by different cell-based means have emerged. Results coming from ongoing clinical trials employing cell therapy designed to arrest T1DM will probably proliferate in the next few years. Strategies under consideration include infusion of several types of stem cells, dendritic cells and regulatory T cells, either manipulated genetically ex vivo or non-manipulated. Their use in combination approaches is another therapeutic alternative. Cell-based interventions, without undesirable side effects, directed to block the uncontrollable autoimmune response may become a clinical reality in the next few years for the treatment of patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Barcala Tabarrozzi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET, Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck, Buenos Aires
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190
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IL-25 downregulates Th1/Th17 immune response in an IL-10-dependent manner in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:720-8. [PMID: 23429464 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e3182802a76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 25 (IL-25) is involved in the initiation of T helper cell (Th)2-mediated immunopathologies. In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-25 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its role in the induction of CD4 T-cell differentiation. METHODS Expression of IL-25 in inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation of IL-25 expression with endoscopic disease activities and C-reactive protein was evaluated. Peripheral blood and lamina propria CD4 T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies in the presence of IL-25. Transcription factors and cytokines were determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IL-25 was significantly decreased in the sera and inflamed mucosa of patients with active IBD compared with controls. It was upregulated in the sera of patients with Crohn's disease after treatment with infliximab. The levels of IL-25 in inflamed mucosa and sera were inversely correlated with endoscopic disease activities and C-reactive protein, respectively, in IBD. IL-25 could markedly inhibit IBD CD4 T cells to produce tumor necrosis factor, interferon γ, and IL-17A but promote IL-10 secretion. It suppressed the differentiation of IBD CD4 T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells but did not interfere with Th2 cell differentiation. Importantly, blockade of IL-10 secretion by IBD CD4 T cells markedly attenuated the inhibitory role of IL-25 in modulating both Th1 and Th17 immune responses. CONCLUSIONS IL-25 is markedly decreased in IBD and inhibits IBD CD4 T-cell activation and differentiation into Th1/Th17 cells in an IL-10-dependent manner, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic agent for IBD.
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191
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Yaochite JNU, Caliari-Oliveira C, Davanso MR, Carlos D, Ribeiro Malmegrim KC, Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso C, Ramalho LNZ, Palma PVB, Santana da Silva J, Cunha FQ, Covas DT, Voltarelli JC. Dynamic changes of the Th17/Tc17 and regulatory T cell populations interfere in the experimental autoimmune diabetes pathogenesis. Immunobiology 2013; 218:338-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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192
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Breser ML, Motrich RD, Sanchez LR, Mackern-Oberti JP, Rivero VE. Expression of CXCR3 on specific T cells is essential for homing to the prostate gland in an experimental model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3121-33. [PMID: 23455510 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is considered a valid model for the human disease chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. In this report, we analyzed phenotypic characteristics of T cells that gain access to the prostate and induce leukocyte recruitment in mice with different susceptibility to EAP. After EAP induction, NOD mice developed a specific cellular response characterized by a mixed Th1/Th17 pattern with specific T cells mainly expressing CXCR3 that infiltrated and damaged the prostate. In contrast, BALB/c mice, as well as NOD-IFN-γ(-/-), exhibited only Th17 cells mainly expressing CCR6 that were not capable of infiltrating the prostate gland. Adoptive transfer experiments of T cells from NOD or NOD-IFN-γ(-/-) mice to NOD-SCID recipients showed that only T cells from NOD mice successfully infiltrated the prostate. However, after "in vitro" or "in vivo" treatment with rIFN-γ, T cells from NOD-IFN-γ(-/-) mice became capable of homing to the prostate and induced leukocyte recruitment. Chemokine levels in prostate tissue from NOD mice showed increased expression levels of CXCR3 ligands. Additional experiments using adoptive transfer of sorted CXCR3(+)CD3(+) T cells or administrating a CXCR3 antagonist treatment confirmed these previous results. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the expression of CXCR3 on effector T cells is essential for their homing to the prostate gland in EAP. CXCR3 emerges as a potential therapeutic target to control chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
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193
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Nepom GT, Ehlers M, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Anti-cytokine therapies in T1D: Concepts and strategies. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:279-85. [PMID: 23510726 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of proinflammatory cytokines is clinically beneficial in several autoimmune disorders. Several of these cytokines are directly implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, suggesting opportunities for design of clinical trials in type 1 diabetes that incorporate selective cytokine blockade as a component of preventative or interventional immunotherapy. The rationale and status of inhibitory therapy directed against IL-1, TNF, IL-12, IL-23, and IL-6 are discussed, towards a goal of using cytokine inhibition as a therapeutic platform to establish an in vivo milieu suitable for modulating the immune response in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Nepom
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Av, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
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194
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El Malki K, Karbach SH, Huppert J, Zayoud M, Reissig S, Schüler R, Nikolaev A, Karram K, Münzel T, Kuhlmann CRW, Luhmann HJ, von Stebut E, Wörtge S, Kurschus FC, Waisman A. An alternative pathway of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in the absence of interleukin-17 receptor a signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:441-51. [PMID: 22951726 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) on the skin of mice induces inflammation with common features found in psoriatic skin. Recently, it was postulated that IL-17 has an important role both in psoriasis and in the IMQ model. To further investigate the impact of IL-17RA signaling in psoriasis, we generated IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA)-deficient mice (IL-17RA(del)) and challenged these mice with IMQ. Interestingly, the disease was only partially reduced and delayed but not abolished when compared with controls. In the absence of IL-17RA, we found persisting signs of inflammation such as neutrophil and macrophage infiltration within the skin. Surprisingly, already in the naive state, the skin of IL-17RA(del) mice contained significantly elevated numbers of Th17- and IL-17-producing γδ T cells, assuming that IL-17RA signaling regulates the population size of Th17 and γδ T cells. Upon IMQ treatment of IL-17RA(del) mice, these cells secreted elevated amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-22, accompanied by increased levels of the chemokine CXCL2, suggesting an alternative pathway of neutrophil and macrophage skin infiltration. Hence, our findings have major implications in the potential long-term treatment of psoriasis by IL-17-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa El Malki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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195
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IL-17A is essential to the development of elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in mice. Respir Res 2013; 14:5. [PMID: 23331548 PMCID: PMC3564829 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary emphysema is characterized by alveolar destruction and persistent inflammation of the airways. Although IL-17A contributes to many chronic inflammatory diseases, it’s role in the inflammatory response of elastase-induced emphysema remains unclear. Methods In a model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema we examined the response of IL-17A-deficient mice, monitoring airway inflammation, static compliance, lung histology and levels of neutrophil-related chemokine and pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Results Wild-type mice developed emphysematous changes in the lung tissue on day 21 after elastase treatment, whereas emphysematous changes were decreased in IL-17A-deficient mice compared to wild-type mice. Neutrophilia in BAL fluid, seen in elastase-treated wild-type mice, was reduced in elastase-treated IL-17A-deficient mice on day 4, associated with decreased levels of KC, MIP-2 and IL-1 beta. Elastase-treated wild-type mice showed increased IL-17A levels as well as increased numbers of IL-17A+ CD4 T cells in the lung in the initial period following elastase treatment. Conclusions These data identify the important contribution of IL-17A in the development of elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema. Targeting IL-17A in emphysema may be a potential therapeutic strategy for delaying disease progression.
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196
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Lin MH, Chou FC, Yeh LT, Fu SH, Chiou HYC, Lin KI, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP-1) attenuates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by suppressing Th1 and Th17 cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56:136-46. [PMID: 23052053 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent reports indicate that B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP-1), encoded by the Prdm1 gene, expands its control over T cells and is associated with susceptibility to colitis in mice with T cell-specific BLIMP-1 deficiency. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of BLIMP-1 in regulating autoimmune diabetes and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. METHODS We generated T cell-specific Blimp1 (also known as Prdm1) transgenic (Tg) or conditional knockout (CKO) NOD mice, in which Blimp1 is overexpressed or deleted in T cells, respectively. By side-by-side analysing these Tg or CKO mice, we further dissected the potential mechanisms of BLIMP-1-mediated modulation on autoimmune diabetes. RESULTS Overproduction of BLIMP-1 in T cells significantly attenuated insulitis and the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. Consistent with these results, the diabetogenic effect of splenocytes was remarkably impaired in Blimp1 Tg mice. Moreover, overproduction of BLIMP-1 repressed the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes and enhanced the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in NOD mice. In contrast, mice lacking BLIMP-1 in T cells markedly increased Th1 and Th17 cells, and developed highly proliferative and activated lymphocytes. Strikingly, overexpansion of Th1 and Th17 cells in CKO mice was significantly reduced by introducing a Blimp1 transgene, reinforcing the emerging role of BLIMP-1 in autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that BLIMP-1 orchestrates a T cell-specific modulation of autoimmunity by affecting lymphocyte proliferation and activation, Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation, and Treg function. Our results provide a theoretical basis for developing BLIMP-1-manipulated therapies for autoimmune diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Female
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/pathology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
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197
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Saresella M, Tortorella P, Marventano I, Al-Daghri N, Piancone F, Gatti A, Gironi M, Caputo D, Rovaris M, Clerici M. TH17-Driven Inflammation is Present in All Clinical Forms of Multiple Sclerosis; Disease Quiescence is Associated with Gata3-Expressing Cells. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) presents in a variety of clinical forms associated with a diverse grade of neurological impairment, different prognosis and, possibly, multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, whereas relapsing-remitting (RR) MS appears to be largely driven by inflammatory processes, neurodegeneration, partially independent from inflammation, drives primary progressive (PP) and secondary progressive (SP) MS. An extensive analysis of neuroinflammation in the different forms of MS was performed by evaluating immunophenotypic and functional parameters in MBP-stimulated T lymphocytes of 103 MS patients (26 benign (BE) MS, 30 RRMS, 33 SPMS and 14 PPMS) and 40 healthy controls (HC). Results showed that: i) IL-17-producing and RORC/γt-expressing CD4+ T cells (TH17 lymphocytes), as well as IL-6 expressing CD14+ cell were augmented in all patients; ii) IL-22-expressing cells were increased in all forms of MS with the exception of PPMS; iii) TGF-β-expressing B cells were increased only in RRMS; and iv) GATA3-, NFATc-1, IL-13-, and IL-25-expressing cells (TH2 lymphocytes) were augmented in RRMS and BEMS patients alone. Data herein indicate a pivotal pathogenic role of TH17-driven inflammation in all clinical forms of MS and suggest that control over disease (RRMS and BEMS) is associated not with lack of inflammation per se, but rather with the activation of immune-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These results could help the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N. Al-Daghri
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Biomarker Research Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | - A. Gatti
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Gironi
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Caputo
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - M. Clerici
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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198
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Chakhtoura M, Azar ST. The role of vitamin d deficiency in the incidence, progression, and complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:148673. [PMID: 23573085 PMCID: PMC3610375 DOI: 10.1155/2013/148673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The "nonclassic" role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been recently widely recognized. In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), it plays an immunomodulatory role through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) present on pancreatic and immune cells. Specific VDR allelic variants have been associated with T1D in many countries. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been prevalent in T1D, and the seasonal and latitude variability in the incidence of T1D can be partly explained by the related variability in vitamin D level. In fact, retrospective studies of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy showed a lower incidence of T1D. We will review the different mechanisms of the vitamin D protective effect against insulitis and present the available data on the role of vitamin D deficiency in the control, progression, and complications of T1D.
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199
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Jain A, Pandey N, Garg RK, Kumar R. IL-17 level in patients with Dengue virus infection & its association with severity of illness. J Clin Immunol 2012; 33:613-8. [PMID: 23274801 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical symptoms of Dengue vary from mild febrile illness to severe infection. A potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-17, secreted by mainly Th17 cells mediate inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Role of IL-17 in pathogenesis of dengue virus (DV) infection is not clear. METHODS Total 211 dengue patients and 70 healthy controls were enrolled. IL-17 level was tested in serum samples from all cases and controls. Cases were grouped as either dengue or severe dengue; based on WHO (2009) classification. Anti DV IgG antibody detection and DV serotype specific PCR were also done. Levels of IL-17 in dengue and severe dengue patients, primary and secondary DV infection were compared. Association of DV serotypes with severity of illness and various clinical and laboratory features with IL-17 levels were analyzed. RESULTS Of total 211cases, 90 and 121cases were presenting as dengue and severe dengue illness, respectively. Levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in dengue patients as compared to control. Mean level of IL-17 was higher in severe cases than non severe cases; however difference was not statistically significant. Stratified analysis of IL-17 level in different age group showed significantly high IL-17 levels in children with severe dengue. Mean level of IL-17 was also significantly higher in cases with secondary DV infection in comparison to primary DV infection. Levels of IL-17 were higher in patients with DV-2 infection in comparison to cases with DV-1 and DV-3 infection. Significant positive association of high IL-17 levels was seen with pleural effusion and respiratory distress. CONCLUSION IL-17 appears to be associated with severe DV infection. It is very important to understand the exact role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of severe DV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, K. G. Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
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200
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Targeting IL-17 in psoriasis: from cutaneous immunobiology to clinical application. Clin Immunol 2012; 146:131-9. [PMID: 23314273 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease associated with complex genetic susceptibility. Although the hallmark of psoriasis is characterized by cutaneous inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation, recent studies show that the pathologic features observed in psoriasis arises as a result of innate and adaptive immune activation in genetically prone individuals. Studies focused on the microenvironment in the skin of psoriasis lesions have revealed novel cellular and cytokine abnormalities of the immune system. One pathway important is the role of the T(H)17/IL-17 dysregulation. The recent development of biologics that target the IL-17 cytokine pathway has confirmed the importance of T(H)17 and IL-17 homeostasis in the skin and yielded potent therapies in the treatment of psoriasis, and potentially other autoimmune diseases.
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