151
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Pashaei S, Yarani R, Mohammadi P, Emami Aleagha MS. The potential roles of amino acids and their major derivatives in the management of multiple sclerosis. Amino Acids 2022; 54:841-858. [PMID: 35471671 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reviewed the important role of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in different clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. In the current paper, we aimed to review the contribution of amino acids and their major derivatives to different clinical outcomes of the disease, including etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this line, Thr (threonine), Phe (phenylalanine), Glu (glutamate), Trp (tryptophan), and Sero (serotonin) are the main examples of biomolecules that have been suggested for MS therapy. It has been concluded that different amino acids and their derivatives might be considered prominent tools for the clinical management of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Pashaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Biology, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran.
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152
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Chen Q, Cai Y, Zhu X, Wang J, Gao F, Yang M, Mao L, Zhang Z, Sun B. Edaravone Dexborneol Treatment Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis and Improves Neurological Function by Suppressing 4-HNE-Associated Oxidative Stress After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848529. [PMID: 35529450 PMCID: PMC9068884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone dexborneol is a novel neuroprotective drug that comprises edaravone and (+)-borneol in a 4:1 ratio. Phase II and III studies have demonstrated that Chinese patients treated with edaravone dexborneol within 48 h of AIS onset have better functional outcomes than those treated with edaravone alone. However, the effect of edaravone dexborneol on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of edaravone dexborneol on SAH-induced brain injury and long-term behavioral deficits and to explore the possible mechanisms. The experimental rat SAH model was induced by an intraluminal puncture of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Edaravone dexborneol or edaravone at a clinical dose was infused into the tail vein for 3 days post-SAH surgery. Behavioral outcomes were assessed by a modified Garcia scoring system and rotarod, foot-fault, and corner tests. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and ELISA methods were used to evaluate neuronal damage and oxidative stress. Our results showed that a post-SAH therapeutic regimen with edaravone dexborneol helped improve neurological function up to 21 days after SAH surgery and demonstrated a greater beneficial effect than edaravone alone, accompanied by an obvious inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 hippocampus and basal cortex regions. Mechanistically, edaravone dexborneol not only suppressed the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) but also improved the total antioxidant capability (TAC) 3 days after SAH. Notably, edaravone dexborneol treatment significantly inhibited the expression of another lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), in the CA1 hippocampus and basal cortex, which are vital participants in the process of neuronal oxidative damage and death after SAH because of their acute cytotoxicity. Together, our results demonstrate that edaravone dexborneol confers neuroprotection and stabilizes long-term behavioral ability after SAH injury, possibly by suppressing 4-HNE-associated oxidative stress. These results may help develop new clinical strategies for SAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leilei Mao
- *Correspondence: Leilei Mao, ; Zongyong Zhang, ; Baoliang Sun,
| | - Zongyong Zhang
- *Correspondence: Leilei Mao, ; Zongyong Zhang, ; Baoliang Sun,
| | - Baoliang Sun
- *Correspondence: Leilei Mao, ; Zongyong Zhang, ; Baoliang Sun,
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153
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Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs): Formation, Chemistry, Classification, Receptors, and Diseases Related to AGEs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081312. [PMID: 35455991 PMCID: PMC9029922 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) constitute a non-homogenous, chemically diverse group of compounds formed either exogeneously or endogeneously on the course of various pathways in the human body. In general, they are formed non-enzymatically by condensation between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amine groups of nucleic acids, proteins, or lipids, followed by further rearrangements yielding stable, irreversible end-products. In the last decades, AGEs have aroused the interest of the scientific community due to the increasing evidence of their involvement in many pathophysiological processes and diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, and even infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They are recognized by several cellular receptors and trigger many signaling pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite many experimental research outcomes published recently, the complexity of their engagement in human physiology and pathophysiological states requires further elucidation. This review focuses on the receptors of AGEs, especially on the structural aspects of receptor-ligand interaction, and the diseases in which AGEs are involved. It also aims to present AGE classification in subgroups and to describe the basic processes leading to both exogeneous and endogeneous AGE formation.
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154
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Differences in kinetics and dynamics of endogenous versus exogenous advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursors. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:112987. [PMID: 35398182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursors, referred to as glycation products, are a heterogenous group of compounds being associated with adverse health effects. They are formed endogenously and in exogenous sources including food. This review investigates the roles of endogenously versus exogenously formed glycation products in the potential induction of adverse health effects, focusing on differences in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, which appeared to differ depending on the molecular mass of the glycation product. Based on the available data, exogenous low molecular mass (LMM) glycation products seem to be bioavailable and to contribute to dicarbonyl stress and protein cross-linking resulting in formation of endogenous AGEs. Bioavailability of exogenous high molecular mass (HMM) glycation products appears limited, while these bind to the AGE receptor (RAGE), initiating adverse health effects. Together, this suggests that RAGE-binding in relevant tissues will more likely result from endogenously formed glycation products. Effects on gut microbiota induced by glycation products is proposed as a third mode of action. Overall, studies which better discriminate between LMM and HMM glycation products and between endogenous and exogenous formation are needed to further elucidate the contributions of these different types and sources of glycation products to the ultimate biological effects.
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155
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Steenbeke M, Speeckaert R, Desmedt S, Glorieux G, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM. The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Soluble Receptor in Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073439. [PMID: 35408796 PMCID: PMC8998875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prone to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which may lead to an increase in the synthesis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Because AGEs are mostly removed by healthy kidneys, AGE accumulation is a result of both increased production and decreased kidney clearance. On the other hand, AGEs may potentially hasten decreasing kidney function in CKD patients, and are independently related to all-cause mortality. They are one of the non-traditional risk factors that play a significant role in the underlying processes that lead to excessive cardiovascular disease in CKD patients. When AGEs interact with their cell-bound receptor (RAGE), cell dysfunction is initiated by activating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), increasing the production and release of inflammatory cytokines. Alterations in the AGE-RAGE system have been related to the development of several chronic kidney diseases. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is a decoy receptor that suppresses membrane-bound RAGE activation and AGE-RAGE-related toxicity. sRAGE, and more specifically, the AGE/sRAGE ratio, may be promising tools for predicting the prognosis of kidney diseases. In the present review, we discuss the potential role of AGEs and sRAGE as biomarkers in different kidney pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Steenbeke
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Reinhart Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Desmedt
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Joris R. Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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156
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Free L-Lysine and Its Methyl Ester React with Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal in Phosphate Buffer (100 mM, pH 7.4) to Form Nε-Carboxymethyl-Lysine, Nε-Carboxyethyl-Lysine and Nε-Hydroxymethyl-Lysine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073446. [PMID: 35408807 PMCID: PMC8998464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) are highly reactive species formed in carbohydrate metabolism. Nε-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) are considered to be the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of L-lysine (Lys) with GO and MGO, respectively. Here, we investigated the reaction of free L-lysine (Lys) with GO and MGO in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 °C and 80 °C in detail in the absence of any other chemicals which are widely used to reduce Schiff bases. The concentrations of Lys, GO and MGO used in the experiments were 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mM. The reaction time ranged between 0 and 240 min. Experiments were performed in triplicate. The concentrations of remaining Lys and of CML and CEL formed in the reaction mixtures were measured by stable-isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our experiments showed that CML and CEL were formed at higher concentrations at 80 °C compared to 37 °C. CML was found to be the major reaction product. In mixtures of GO and MGO, MGO inhibited the formation of CML from Lys (5 mM) in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest CML concentration was about 300 µM corresponding to a reaction yield of 6% with respect to Lys. An addition of Lys to GO, MGO and their mixtures resulted in strong reversible decreases in the Lys concentration up to 50%. It is assumed that free Lys reacts rapidly with GO and MGO to form many not yet identified reaction products. Reaction mixtures of Lys and MGO were stronger colored than those of Lys and GO, notably at 80 °C, indicating higher reactivity of MGO towards Lys that leads to polymeric colored MGO species. We have a strong indication of the formation of Nε-(hydroxymethyl)-lysine (HML) as a novel reaction product of Lys methyl ester with MGO. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of HML from Lys and MGO. This mechanism may explain why Lys and GO do not react to form a related product. Preliminary analyses show that HML is formed at higher concentrations than CEL from Lys methyl ester and MGO. No Schiff bases or their hydroxylic precursors were identified as reaction products. In their reactions with Lys, GO and MGO are likely to act both as chemical oxidants on the terminal aldehyde group to a carboxylic group (i.e., R-CHO to R-COOH) and as chemical reductors on labile Schiff bases (R-CH=N-R to R-CH2-NH-R) presumably via disproportionation and hydride transfer. Our study shows that free non-proteinic Lys reacts with GO and MGO to form CML, CEL and HML in very low yield. Whether proteinic Lys also reacts with MGO to form HML residues in proteins remains to be investigated. The physiological occurrence and concentration of HML in biological fluids and tissues and its relation to CML and CEL are elusive and warrant further investigations in health and disease. Chemical synthesis and structural characterization of HML are expected to advance and accelerate the scientific research in this topic.
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157
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Chen J, Lin Y, Xing W, Zhang X, Xu H, Wang W, Lou K. An anthracenecarboximide-guanidine fluorescent probe for selective detection of glyoxals under weak acidic conditions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9473-9477. [PMID: 35424850 PMCID: PMC8985128 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An anthracenecarboximide-guanidine based turn-on fluorescent probe ANC-DCP-1 for selective detection of glyoxals (methylglyoxal and glyoxal, GOS) over formaldehyde under weak acidic conditions around pH 6.0 was reported. The probe showed great potential in studying relative GOS levels in weak acidic biological fluids such as in urine for diabetic diagnosis and prognosis, and also found application in the food industry such as for fast unique manuka factor (UMF) scale determination of Manuka honey. Formation of 5-membered dihydroxyimidazolidines with increased deprotonation at around pH 6.0 and enhanced intramolecular charge transfer for turn-on fluorescence detection of glyoxals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuna Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wanjin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xingchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei Wang
- A Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0207 USA
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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158
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Hallmarks of Metabolic Reprogramming and Their Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030602. [PMID: 35337009 PMCID: PMC8955778 DOI: 10.3390/v14030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and has proven to be critical in viral infections. Metabolic reprogramming provides the cell with energy and biomass for large-scale biosynthesis. Based on studies of the cellular changes that contribute to metabolic reprogramming, seven main hallmarks can be identified: (1) increased glycolysis and lactic acid, (2) increased glutaminolysis, (3) increased pentose phosphate pathway, (4) mitochondrial changes, (5) increased lipid metabolism, (6) changes in amino acid metabolism, and (7) changes in other biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways. Viruses depend on metabolic reprogramming to increase biomass to fuel viral genome replication and production of new virions. Viruses take advantage of the non-metabolic effects of metabolic reprogramming, creating an anti-apoptotic environment and evading the immune system. Other non-metabolic effects can negatively affect cellular function. Understanding the role metabolic reprogramming plays in viral pathogenesis may provide better therapeutic targets for antivirals.
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159
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Revisiting Methodologies for In Vitro Preparations of Advanced Glycation End Products. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2831-2855. [PMID: 35257316 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic elevation of sugar and oxidative stress generally results in development of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic individuals. Accumulation of AGEs in an individual can give rise to the activation of several pathways that will ultimately lead to various complications. Such AGEs can also be prepared in an in vitro environment. For an in vitro preparation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids are generally required to be incubated with reducing sugars at a physiological temperature or higher depending upon the protocol optimized for its preparation. Certain other factors are also optimized and added to the buffer to hasten its preparation or alter the properties of prepared AGEs. Through this review, we intend to highlight the various studies related to the experimental procedures for the preparation of different types of AGEs. In addition, we present the comparative study of methodologies optimized for the preparation of AGEs.
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160
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Food-Related Carbonyl Stress in Cardiometabolic and Cancer Risk Linked to Unhealthy Modern Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051061. [PMID: 35268036 PMCID: PMC8912422 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl stress is a condition characterized by an increase in the steady-state levels of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) that leads to accumulation of their irreversible covalent adducts with biological molecules. RCS are generated by the oxidative cleavage and cellular metabolism of lipids and sugars. In addition to causing damage directly, the RCS adducts, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs), cause additional harm by eliciting chronic inflammation through receptor-mediated mechanisms. Hyperglycemia- and dyslipidemia-induced carbonyl stress plays a role in diabetic cardiovascular complications and diabetes-related cancer risk. Moreover, the increased dietary exposure to AGEs/ALEs could mediate the impact of the modern, highly processed diet on cardiometabolic and cancer risk. Finally, the transient carbonyl stress resulting from supraphysiological postprandial spikes in blood glucose and lipid levels may play a role in acute proinflammatory and proatherogenic changes occurring after a calorie dense meal. These findings underline the potential importance of carbonyl stress as a mediator of the cardiometabolic and cancer risk linked to today’s unhealthy diet. In this review, current knowledge in this field is discussed along with future research courses to offer new insights and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions to prevent diet-associated cardiometabolic disorders and cancer.
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161
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Glycation modulates alpha-synuclein fibrillization kinetics: a sweet spot for inhibition. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101848. [PMID: 35314196 PMCID: PMC9034100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a nonenzymatic posttranslational modification (PTM) known to be increased in the brains of hyperglycemic patients. Alpha-synuclein (αSN), a central player in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, can be glycated at lysine residues, thereby reducing αSN fibril formation in vitro and modulating αSN aggregation in cells. However, the molecular basis for these effects is unclear. To elucidate this, we investigated the aggregation of αSN modified by eight glycating agents, namely the dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO) and the sugars ribose, fructose, mannose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose. We found that MGO and ribose modify αSN to the greatest extent, and these glycation products are the most efficient inhibitors of fibril formation. We show glycation primarily inhibits elongation rather than nucleation of αSN and has only a modest effect on the level of oligomerization. Furthermore, glycated αSN is not significantly incorporated into fibrils. For both MGO and ribose, we discovered that a level of ∼5 modifications per αSN is optimal for inhibition of elongation. The remaining sugars showed a weak but optimal inhibition at ∼2 modifications per αSN. We propose that this optimal level balances the affinity for the growing ends of the fibril (which decreases with the extent of modification) with the ability to block incorporation of subsequent αSN subunits (which increases with modification). Our results are not only relevant for other αSN PTMs but also for understanding PTMs affecting other fibrillogenic proteins and may thus open novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in protein aggregation disorders.
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162
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Behl T, Gupta A, Chigurupati S, Singh S, Sehgal A, Badavath VN, Alhowail A, Mani V, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Natural and Synthetic Agents Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species against Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2022; 27:1583. [PMID: 35268685 PMCID: PMC8911959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Vishnu Nayak Badavath
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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163
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Strehse JS, Hoffmann D, Protopapas N, Martin HJ, Maser E. Carbonyl reduction of 4-oxonon-2-enal (4-ONE) by Sniffer from D. magna and D.pulex. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109833. [PMID: 35085582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The α, β-unsaturated aldehydes 4-oxonon-2-enal (4ONE) and 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4HNE) are products of unsaturated fatty acids and ROS, and can be formed in lipid-rich tissues such as neurons. As strong electrophiles, both compounds react with DNA and proteins, and are capable of inactivating enzymes. However, both the human carbonyl reductase and the carbonyl reductase Drosophila melanogaster Sniffer are known to reduce 4ONE, a major lipid peroxidation product, to a less or non-toxic form. In this study, products formed during carbonyl reduction of 4ONE and 4HNE by recombinant Sniffer proteins from Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex were investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that Sniffer from D. magna converted 35.6% of 4ONE to 11.9% HNO and 23.7% 4HNE, while D. pulex converted 34.5% of this substrate to 14.8% HNO and 19.7% 4HNE. Thus, 4HNE is the main product formed from the sniffer-mediated reduction of 4ONE. The kinetic parameters obtained from the reduction of 4ONE were Km = 13.9 ± 2.1 μM, kcat = 1.53 s-1, kcat/km = 0.11 s-1 μM-1 for D. magna Sniffer and Km = 29.2 ± 4.3 μM, kcat = 0.64 s-1, kcat/km = 0.02 s-1 μM-1 for D. pulex Sniffer. These results demonstrate that Sniffer from D. magna and D. pulex are important enzymes involved in the carbonyl reductive biotransformation of 4ONE, a cytotoxic lipid peroxidation product. Noteworthy, the catalytic properties of both Daphnia Sniffer enzymes reflect previous findings with Sniffer from Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Strehse
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Protopapas
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Martin
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Gall Trošelj K, Tomljanović M, Jaganjac M, Matijević Glavan T, Čipak Gašparović A, Milković L, Borović Šunjić S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saha S, Saso L, Žarković N. Oxidative Stress and Cancer Heterogeneity Orchestrate NRF2 Roles Relevant for Therapy Response. Molecules 2022; 27:1468. [PMID: 35268568 PMCID: PMC8912061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and its end-products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), initiate activation of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. However, an involvement of 4-HNE and NRF2 in processes associated with the initiation of cancer, its progression, and response to therapy includes numerous, highly complex events. They occur through interactions between cancer and stromal cells. These events are dependent on many cell-type specific features. They start with the extent of NRF2 binding to its cytoplasmic repressor, KEAP1, and extend to the permissiveness of chromatin for transcription of Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-containing genes that are NRF2 targets. This review will explore epigenetic molecular mechanisms of NRF2 transcription through the specific molecular anatomy of its promoter. It will explain the role of NRF2 in cancer stem cells, with respect to cancer therapy resistance. Additionally, it also discusses NRF2 involvement at the cross-roads of communication between tumor associated inflammatory and stromal cells, which is also an important factor involved in the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koraljka Gall Trošelj
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marko Tomljanović
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Tanja Matijević Glavan
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Lidija Milković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Suzana Borović Šunjić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
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165
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Muraoka MY, Justino AB, Caixeta DC, Queiroz JS, Sabino-Silva R, Salmen Espindola F. Fructose and methylglyoxal-induced glycation alters structural and functional properties of salivary proteins, albumin and lysozyme. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262369. [PMID: 35061788 PMCID: PMC8782344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation process refers to reactions between reduction sugars and amino acids that can lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are related to changes in chemical and functional properties of biological structures that accumulate during aging and diseases. The aim of this study was to perform and analyze in vitro glycation by fructose and methylglyoxal (MGO) using salivary fluid, albumin, lysozyme, and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Glycation effect was analyzed by biochemical and spectroscopic methods. The results were obtained by fluorescence analysis, infrared spectroscopy (total attenuated reflection-Fourier transform, ATR-FTIR) followed by multivariate analysis of principal components (PCA), protein profile, immunodetection, enzymatic activity and oxidative damage to proteins. Fluorescence increased in all glycated samples, except in saliva with fructose. The ATR-FTIR spectra and PCA analysis showed structural changes related to the vibrational mode of glycation of albumin, lysozyme, and salivary proteins. Glycation increased the relative molecular mass (Mr) in protein profile of albumin and lysozyme. Saliva showed a decrease in band intensity when glycated. The analysis of sAA immunoblotting indicated a relative reduction in intensity of its correspondent Mr after sAA glycation; and a decrease in its enzymatic activity was observed. Carbonylation levels increased in all glycated samples, except for saliva with fructose. Thiol content decreased only for glycated lysozyme and saliva with MGO. Therefore, glycation of salivary fluid and sAA may have the potential to identify products derived by glycation process. This opens perspectives for further studies on the use of saliva, an easy and non-invasive collection fluid, to monitor glycated proteins in the aging process and evolution of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Yumiko Muraoka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia Silveira Queiroz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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166
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Kantak MN, Bharate SS. Analysis of clinical trials on biomaterial and therapeutic applications of chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118999. [PMID: 34973801 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a modified natural carbohydrate polymer derived from chitin that occurs in many natural sources. It has a diverse range of applications in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Its primary and permitted use is biomaterial in medical devices. Chitosan and its derivatives also find utility in pharmaceuticals as an excipient, drug carrier, or therapeutic agent. The USFDA has approved chitosan usage as a biomaterial but not for pharmaceutical use, primarily because of the concerns over its source, purity, and immunogenicity. A large number of clinical studies are underway on chitosan-based materials/ products because of their diverse applications. Herein, we analyze clinical studies to understand their clinical usage portfolio. Our analysis shows that >100 clinical studies are underway to investigate the safety/efficacy of chitosan or its biomaterials/ nanoparticles, comprising ~95% interventional and ~ 5% observational studies. The regulatory considerations that limit the use of chitosan in pharmaceuticals are also deliberated. TEASER: Clinical Trials of Chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili N Kantak
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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167
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Ferraro M, Di Vincenzo S, Sangiorgi C, Leto Barone S, Gangemi S, Lanata L, Pace E. Carbocysteine Modifies Circulating miR-21, IL-8, sRAGE, and fAGEs Levels in Mild Acute Exacerbated COPD Patients: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020218. [PMID: 35215330 PMCID: PMC8880736 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) periodically experience acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Carbocysteine represents a valid add on therapy in COPD by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The in vivo effects of carbocysteine on inflammatory markers are not yet fully understood. The aims of this study were to assess: (i) miR-21, IL-8, soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE), and fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Products (fAGEs) in control subjects (n = 9), stable (n = 9), and AECOPD patients (n = 24); and (ii) whether carbocysteine modifies these markers and the functional parameters in mild AECOPD patients. Mild AECOPD patients received or not carbocysteine along with background inhalation therapy for 20 days. At the onset and at the end of the observation period, the following parameters were evaluated: FEV1, FEF25–75%, CAT questionnaire; miR-21 by Real Time PCR; IL-8 and sRAGE by ELISA; and fAGEs by spectro-fluorescence method. COPD patients showed higher levels of miR-21, IL-8, fAGEs and lower levels of sRAGE compared to that of controls. miR-21 inversely correlated with FEV1. IL-8 and fAGEs were significantly different in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Carbocysteine improved symptoms, FEV1 and FEF25–75%, increased sRAGE, and reduced miR-21, IL-8, and fAGEs in mild AECOPD patients. The present study provides compelling evidence that carbocysteine may help to manage mild AECOPD by downregulating some parameters of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferraro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (S.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)—National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-680-9148; Fax: +39-091-680-9122
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168
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Li M, Lu J, Huang Y, Wang W, Xie J, Xie M, Shen M. Quantitative assessment of furosine, furfurals, and advanced glycation end products in different types of commercially available cheeses. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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169
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Talpo TC, Motta BP, Oliveira JOD, Figueiredo ID, Pinheiro CG, dos Santos CHC, Carvalho MGD, Brunetti IL, Baviera AM. Siolmatra brasiliensis stem extract ameliorates antioxidant defenses and mitigates glycoxidative stress in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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170
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Impact of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and its receptor (RAGE) on cancer metabolic signaling pathways and its progression. Glycoconj J 2022; 38:717-734. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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171
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Ban I, Sugawa H, Nagai R. Protein Modification with Ribose Generates Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolone-2-yl)-ornithine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031224. [PMID: 35163152 PMCID: PMC8835445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with diabetes and its complications. AGEs are formed by the non-enzymatic reactions of proteins and reducing sugars, such as glucose and ribose. Ribose is widely used in glycation research as it generates AGEs more rapidly than glucose. This study analyzed the AGE structures generated from ribose-modified protein by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among these AGEs, Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolone-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) was the most abundant in ribose-glycated bovine serum albumin (ribated-BSA) among others, such as Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine, Nε-(carboxyethyl) lysine, and Nω-(carboxymethyl) arginine. Surprisingly, MG-H1 was produced by ribated-BSA in a time-dependent manner, whereas methylglyoxal levels (MG) were under the detectable level. In addition, Trapa bispinosa Roxb. hot water extract (TBE) possesses several anti-oxidative compounds, such as ellagic acid, and has been reported to inhibit the formation of MG-H1 in vivo. Thus, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of TBE on MG-H1 formation using ribose- or MG-modified proteins. TBE inhibited MG-H1 formation in gelatin incubated with ribose and ribated-BSA, but not in MG-modified gelatin. Furthermore, MG-H1 formation was inhibited by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. These results demonstrated that ribose reacts with proteins to generate Amadori compounds and form MG-H1 via oxidation.
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172
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Mesa-Herrera F, Marín R, Torrealba E, Díaz M. Multivariate Assessment of Lipoxidative Metabolites, Trace Biometals, and Antioxidant and Detoxifying Activities in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Define a Fingerprint of Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:387-402. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: There exists considerable interest in the identification of molecular traits during early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the closest prodromal stage of AD, and to develop gradually from earlier stages although not always progresses to AD. Classical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, amyloid-β peptides and tau/p-tau proteins, have been measured in prodromal stages yet results are heterogeneous and far from conclusive. Therefore, there exists a pressing need to identify a neurochemical signature for prodromal stages and to predict which cases might progress to AD. Objective: Exploring potential CSF biomarkers related to brain oxidative and inorganic biochemistry during prodromal stages of the disease. Methods: We have analyzed CSF levels of lipoxidative markers (MDA and 8-isoF2α), biometals (Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, and Fe), iron-transport protein transferrin (TFER), antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx4), detoxifying enzymes (GST and BuChE), as well as classical amyloid-β and total and phosphorylated tau, in cognitively healthy controls, patients with MCI, and subjects exhibiting subjective memory complaints (SMC). Results: Inter-group differences for several variables exhibit differentiable trends along the HC ⟶ SMC ⟶ MCI sequence. More interestingly, the combination of Se, Cu, Zn, SOD, TFER, and GST variables allow differentiable fingerprints for control subjects and each prodromal stage. Further, multivariate scores correlate positively with neurocognitive In-Out test, hence with both episodic memory decline and prediction to dementia. Conclusion: We conclude that changes in the CSF biochemistry related to brain oxidative defense and neurometallomics might provide more powerful and accurate diagnostic tools in preclinical stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, Biology Section, Science School, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Marín
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Sciences School, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Torrealba
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
- IUETSP (Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias), Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
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173
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Wang H, Qu G, Gan Y, Zhang Z, Li R, Wang T. Elimination of Microcystis aeruginosa in water via dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Efficacy, mechanism and toxin release. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126956. [PMID: 34449344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), as the representative hazardous algae in cyanobacteria blooms, has long posed a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Here, a self-cooling dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) reactor was used to eliminate M. aeruginosa in water. The removal efficiency and mechanism of DBDP for M. aeruginosa and its toxin release during the treatment process was investigated. The results showed that over 99% of M. aeruginosa cells were removed by DBDP over 60 min under optimal conditions, and treated M. aeruginosa lost their ability to reproduce entirely. Reactive species generated in the self-cooling DBDP reactor damaged the membrane of M. aeruginosa, leading to leakage and degradation of dissolved organic matter. Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species accelerated the breakdown of protein and enzyme, and causes cell cytolysis. Eventually, M. aeruginosa was mineralized and lost its activity. The ·OH, 1O2 and ·O2- were crucial for inactivating M. aeruginosa. During the treatment process, the toxin microcystin-LR increased in the first 20 min, but declined over time: its concentration fell below 1 μg·mL-1 after 60 min. This study provides insight into M. aeruginosa' s elimination in water by DBDP and has significant implications for developing a plasma technique to curtail cyanobacteria bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Yanshun Gan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
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174
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Kamiński M, Kulecki M, Lachowski P, Kasprzak D, Kulczycka A, Kozłowska M, Klause D, Uruska A, Michalski M, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz D. Erectile Dysfunction in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Long-term Metabolic Control and Diabetic Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Angiol 2022; 31:97-106. [PMID: 35833179 PMCID: PMC9272316 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects approximately 38% of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Skin autofluorescence (AF) reflects skin advanced glycation end product (AGE) deposits and is a marker of long-term glycemia control. Objective The study investigates the relationship between ED and diabetes control in patients with T1DM. Methods Adult patients with T1DM visiting the Diabetology Department were cross-sectionally investigated. Medical history, anthropometric features, and laboratory findings were collected. All individuals filled the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). IIEF-5 total score < 22 represented the presence of ED. AF was measured on the volar aspect of the forearm using AGE Reader. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by the estimated glucose disposal rate. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The adjusted covariates were general risk factors of ED. Results Of a total of n = 70 patients, n = 30 (42.9%) suffered from ED. The presence of ED was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin level (OR, 95% CI; 1.62, 1.02-2.60; p = 0.043), presence of at least one diabetic complication (3.49, 1.10-11.03; p = 0.03), and skin AF (9.20, 1.60-52.94; p = 0.01), but not with IR (0.78, 0.57-2.60; p = 0.12). Skin AF values ≥ 2.2 indicates presence of ED with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 77.5%. Area under the curve was equal to 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.85). Conclusions The presence of ED in individuals with T1DM is associated with HbA1c, the presence of at least one diabetic complication, and skin AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Kamiński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland,Address for correspondence Mikołaj Kamiński, MD Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciencesul. Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 PoznańPoland
| | - Michał Kulecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Lachowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominika Kasprzak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ania Kulczycka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Kozłowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Daria Klause
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Uruska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Michalski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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175
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2166817. [PMID: 35069969 PMCID: PMC8769842 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2166817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a very common type of degenerative disease causing severe socioeconomic impact, as well as a major cause of discogenic low back pain and herniated discs, placing a heavy burden on patients and the clinicians who treat them. IDD is known to be associating with a complex process involving in extracellular matrix and cellular damage, and in recent years, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is an important activation mechanism of IDD and that reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species regulate matrix metabolism, proinflammatory phenotype, autophagy and senescence in intervertebral disc cells, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. Despite the tremendous efforts of researchers within the field of IDD pathogenesis, the proven strategies to prevent and treat this disease are still very limited. Up to now, several antioxidants have been proved to be effective for alleviating IDD. In this article, we discussed that oxidative stress accelerates disc degeneration by influencing aging, inflammation, autophagy, and DNA methylation, and summarize some antioxidant therapeutic measures for IDD, indicating that antioxidant therapy for disc degeneration holds excellent promise.
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176
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Analysis of 19 urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitrative stress, metabolic disorders, and inflammation using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2103-2116. [PMID: 35013809 PMCID: PMC8747998 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposures have been associated with cancer, diabetes, hormonal and immunological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Some direct effects of chemical exposure that are precursors to adverse health outcomes, including oxidative stress, nitrative stress, hormonal imbalance, neutrophilia, and eosinophilia, can be assessed through the analysis of biomarkers in urine. In this study, we describe a novel methodology for the determination of 19 biomarkers of health effects: malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostaglandin-F2α (8-PGF2α), 11-β-prostaglandin-F2α (11-PGF2α), 15-prostaglandin-F2α (15-PGF2α), 8-iso-15-prostaglandin-F2α (8,15-PGF2α), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-HdG), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-HG), dityrosine (diY), allantoin (Alla), and two metabolic products of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), namely 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal glutathione (HNE-GSH) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal mercapturic acid (HNE-MA) (in total, 12 oxidative stress biomarkers, OSBs); 8-nitroguanosine (8-NdG), 8-nitroguanine (8-NG), and 3-nitrotyrosine (NY) (3 nitrative stress biomarkers, NSBs); chlorotyrosine (CY) and bromotyrosine (BY) (2 inflammatory biomarkers); and the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) (2 metabolic disorder biomarkers). Since these biomarkers are trigged by a variety of environmental insults and produced by different biomolecular pathways, their selective and sensitive determination in urine would help broadly elucidate the pathogenesis of diseases mediated by environmental factors.
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177
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DUMAN E, KURBAN H. Investigation of in vitro formation of advanced lipoxidation end products and advanced glycation end products precursors in high-fat processed meat products. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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178
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Mavrogenis A, Malesiou E, Tanis O, Mitsiokapa E, Tsatsaragkou E, Anastassopoulou J, Theophanides T, Dimotikali D, Koui M. The influence of sepsis on the molecular structure of bones: A Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy study. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2022; 32:57-63. [DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2022041977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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179
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Xie T, Chen X, Chen W, Huang S, Peng X, Tian L, Wu X, Huang Y. Curcumin is a Potential Adjuvant to Alleviates Diabetic Retinal Injury via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Maintaining Nrf2 Pathway Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:796565. [PMID: 34955862 PMCID: PMC8702852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol compound with anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Although many studies have reported the protective effect of curcumin in diabetes mellitus or diabetic nephropathy, there is a lack of research on curcumin in diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin on the diabetic retinal injury. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (60, n = 12 each) were respectively given curcumin orally (200 mg/kg/day), insulin subcutaneously (4–6 IU/day), and combined therapy with curcumin and insulin for 4 weeks. Retinal histopathological changes, oxidative stress markers, and transcriptome profiles from each group were observed. Curcumin, insulin, or combination therapy significantly reduced blood glucose, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved pathological damage in diabetic rats. Curcumin not only significantly reduced retinal edema but also had a better anti-photoreceptor apoptosis effect than insulin. In the early stage of diabetes, the enhancement of oxidative stress in the retina induced the adaptive activation of the nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Treatment of curcumin alleviated the compensatory activation of the Nrf2 pathway induced by oxidative stress, by virtue of its antioxidant ability to transfer hydrogen atoms to free radicals. When curcumin combined with insulin, the effect of maintaining Nrf2 pathway homeostasis in diabetic rats was better than that of insulin alone. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that curcumin either alone, or combined with insulin, inhibited the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction in the diabetic retina. Thus, at the early stage of diabetes, curcumin can be used to alleviate diabetic retinal injury through its anti-oxidative effect. If taking curcumin as a potential complementary therapeutic option in combination with antihyperglycemic agents, which would lead to more effective therapeutic outcomes against diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Medical Technology Experimental Teaching Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Medical Technology Experimental Teaching Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sien Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinye Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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180
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Ebert T, Neytchev O, Witasp A, Kublickiene K, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1426-1448. [PMID: 34006115 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be regarded as a burden of lifestyle disease that shares common underpinning features and risk factors with the aging process; it is a complex constituted by several adverse components, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, early vascular aging, and cellular senescence. Recent Advances: A systemic approach to tackle CKD, based on mitigating the associated inflammatory, cell stress, and damage processes, has the potential to attenuate the effects of CKD, but it also preempts the development and progression of associated morbidities. In effect, this will enhance health span and compress the period of morbidity. Pharmacological, nutritional, and potentially lifestyle-based interventions are promising therapeutic avenues to achieve such a goal. Critical Issues: In the present review, currents concepts of inflammation and oxidative damage as key patho-mechanisms in CKD are addressed. In particular, potential beneficial but also adverse effects of different systemic interventions in patients with CKD are discussed. Future Directions: Senotherapeutics, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2-KEAP1) signaling pathway, the endocrine klotho axis, inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), and live bio-therapeutics have the potential to reduce the burden of CKD and improve quality of life, as well as morbidity and mortality, in this fragile high-risk patient group. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1426-1448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebert
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ognian Neytchev
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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181
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Corica D, Pepe G, Currò M, Aversa T, Tropeano A, Ientile R, Wasniewska M. Methods to investigate advanced glycation end-product and their application in clinical practice. Methods 2021; 203:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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182
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Li W, Wu Y, Li C, Zhu L. Effect of (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal on Side‐Chain Modification, Conformation Change, and Aggregation of Bovine Serum Albumin. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- School of Food Engineering Anhui Science and Technology University Chuzhou Anhui 233100 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
| | - Conghu Li
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- College of Life Science Anqing Normal University Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation of Southwest Anhui Anqing Anhui 246133 P. R. China
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183
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Protein Hydrolysis and Glycosylation as Strategies to Produce Bioactive Ingredients from Unmarketable Prawns. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112844. [PMID: 34829125 PMCID: PMC8625146 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work shows a procedure to valorize non-commercial boiled shrimp to produce functional ingredients, using a combined treatment based on enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent glycation under mild conditions. Antioxidant and prolyl endopeptidase-inhibiting activities were determined as a function of hydrolysis and glycation times (0-120 min and 0-180 min, respectively). The reaction products were characterized by determining the degree of hydrolysis, browning, fluorescent compounds, free amino acids, phenol content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and molecular weight of the different fractions obtained. Enzymatic hydrolysis generated hydrolysates with significant antioxidant and prolyl endopeptidase-inhibiting activities. Glycation under mild conditions was used as a strategy to improve the antioxidant and potential nootropic properties of the hydrolysates. During glycation, the free amino acid content decreased, total phenols and fluorescent compounds increased significantly, and low molecular weight melanoidins were formed. The presence of peptide-glucose conjugates was also confirmed by FTIR. Glycation increased the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates; however, their prolyl-endopeptidase-inhibiting activity was lost. Results showed that compounds with promising antioxidant (hydrolysis and glycation) and potential nootropic (hydrolysis) activities and applications in food systems were obtained from the biotechnological strategy used.
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184
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Sroga GE, Vashishth D. Controlled Formation of Carboxymethyllysine in Bone Matrix through Designed Glycation Reaction. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10548. [PMID: 34761150 PMCID: PMC8567485 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a challenge to establish a link between specific advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as causal agents of different pathologies and age‐related diseases, primarily because of the lack of suitable in vitro experimental strategies facilitating increased formation of a specific AGE, here carboxymethyllysine (CML), over other AGEs under controlled conditions. CML is of considerable importance to various oxidative stress–related diseases, because in vivo formation of this AGE is connected with cellular oxidative/carbonyl metabolism. The mechanistic implications of CML accumulation in bone remain to be elucidated. To facilitate such studies, we developed a new in vitro strategy that allows preferential generation of CML in bone matrix over other AGEs. Using bone samples from human donors of different age (young, middle‐age, and elderly), we show successful in vitro generation of the desired levels of CML and show that they mimic those observed in vivo in several bone disorders. Formation of such physiologically relevant CML levels was achieved by selecting two oxidative/carbonyl stress compounds naturally produced in the human body, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid. Kinetic studies using the two compounds revealed differences not only between their reaction rates but also in the progression and enhanced formation of CML over other AGEs (measured by their collective fluorescence as fluorescent AGEs [fAGEs]) Consequently, through the regulation of reaction time, the levels of CML and fAGEs could be controlled and separated. Given that the developed approach does not fully eliminate the formation of other uncharacterized glycation products, this could be considered as the study limitation. We expect that the concepts of our experimental approach can be used to develop diverse strategies facilitating production of the desired levels of selected AGEs in bone and other tissues, and thus, opens new avenues for investigating the role and mechanistic aspects of specific AGEs, here CML, in bone. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna E Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Troy NY USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Troy NY USA
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185
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Evolutionary Aspects of the Oxido-Reductive Network of Methylglyoxal. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:618-638. [PMID: 34718825 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-021-10031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the chemoautotrophic theory for the origin of life, offered as an alternative to broth theory, the archaic reductive citric acid cycle operating without enzymes is in the center. The non-enzymatic (methyl)glyoxalase pathway has been suggested to be the anaplerotic route for the reductive citric acid cycle. In the recent years, much has been learned about methylglyoxal, but its importance in the metabolic machinery is still uncovered. If methylglyoxal had been essential participant of the early stage of evolution, then it is a legitimate question whether it might have played a role in the early oxido-reduction network, too. Therefore, an oxido-reduction network of methylglyoxal that might have functioned under ancient circumstances without enzymes was constructed and analyzed by virtue of group contribution method. Taking methylglyoxal as input material, it turned out that the evolutionary value of reactions and biomolecules were not similar. Glycerol, glycerate, and tartonate, the output components, were conserved to different degrees. Although the tartonate route was similarly favorable from energetic point of view, its intermediates are almost not present in extant biochemistry. The presence of two carboxyl or aldehyde groups, or their combination in tricarbons of the constructed network seemed disadvantageous for selection, and the inductive effect, resulting in an asymmetry in electron cloud of chemicals, might have been important. The evolutionary role for cysteine, H2S, and formaldehyde in the emergence of high-energy bonds in the form of thioesters and in Fe-S cluster formation as well as in imidazole synthesis was shown to bridge the gap between prebiotic chemistry and contemporary biochemistry. Overall, the ideas developed here represent an approach fitting to chemoautotrophic origin of life and implying to the role of methylglyoxal in triose formation. The proposed network is expected to have an impact upon how one may think of prebiological chemical processes on methylglyoxal, too. Finally, along the evolutionary time line, the network functioning without enzymes is situated between the formation of simple organic compounds and primeval cells, being closer to the former and well preceding the last common metabolic ancestor developed after primitive cells emerged.
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186
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Schalka S, Silva MS, Lopes LF, de Freitas LM, Baptista MS. The skin redoxome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:181-195. [PMID: 34719068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redoxome is the network of redox reactions and redox active species (ReAS) that affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Due to the intense and constant interaction with external agents, the human skin has a robust redox signalling framework with specific pathways and magnitudes. The establishment of the skin redoxome concept is key to expanding knowledge of skin disorders and establishing better strategies for their prevention and treatment. This review starts with its definition and progress to propose how the master redox regulators are maintained and activated in the different conditions experienced by the skin and how the lack of redox regulation is involved in the accumulation of several oxidation end products that are correlated with various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - M S Silva
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - L F Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M de Freitas
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Baptista
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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187
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Demasi M, Augusto O, Bechara EJH, Bicev RN, Cerqueira FM, da Cunha FM, Denicola A, Gomes F, Miyamoto S, Netto LES, Randall LM, Stevani CV, Thomson L. Oxidative Modification of Proteins: From Damage to Catalysis, Signaling, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1016-1080. [PMID: 33726509 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also modify proteins. Some protein oxidative modifications promote loss of protein function, cleavage or aggregation, and some result in proteo-toxicity and cellular homeostasis disruption. Recent Advances: Previously, protein oxidation was associated exclusively to damage. However, not all oxidative modifications are necessarily associated with damage, as with Met and Cys protein residue oxidation. In these cases, redox state changes can alter protein structure, catalytic function, and signaling processes in response to metabolic and/or environmental alterations. This review aims to integrate the present knowledge on redox modifications of proteins with their fate and role in redox signaling and human pathological conditions. Critical Issues: It is hypothesized that protein oxidation participates in the development and progression of many pathological conditions. However, no quantitative data have been correlated with specific oxidized proteins or the progression or severity of pathological conditions. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these modifications, their importance in human pathologies, and the fate of the modified proteins is of clinical relevance. Future Directions: We discuss new tools to cope with protein oxidation and suggest new approaches for integrating knowledge about protein oxidation and redox processes with human pathophysiological conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1016-1080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Cerqueira
- CENTD, Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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188
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Advanced glycation end-products as potential triggering factors of self-reactivity against myelin antigens in Multiple Sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 2021; 157:110702. [PMID: 34666261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease in which autoreactive T lymphocytes infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and react against antigens derived from proteins of the myelin sheath. The reason why T lymphocytes recognize certain myelin antigens as exogenous, activating the autoimmune response, remains unknown and represents the key to understand the pathogenesis of MS. Neurons are characterized by an elevated glycolytic metabolism. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive α-oxoaldehyde spontaneously formed as a by-product of glycolysis, and it reacts with proteins, nucleotides and phospholipids forming stable adducts called advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Several studies demonstrate that MG-derived AGEs accumulate in the plasma and brain of MS patients. Furthermore, there are evidences that post-myelinated oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glial cells, increase their glycolytic metabolism to maintain their survival and functions, likely explaining the progressive accumulation of MG in MS lesions. The hypothesis proposed here is that the MG-derived AGEs, accumulated on the proteins composing the myelin sheath, are responsible for the altered antigen presentation process, mimicking exogenous antigens and triggering the autoimmune response. If this hypothesis will be experimentally confirmed a new pathogenic mechanism of MS will be identified.
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189
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Monroe TB, Anderson EJ. A Catecholaldehyde Metabolite of Norepinephrine Induces Myofibroblast Activation and Toxicity via the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Mitigating Role of l-Carnosine. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2194-2201. [PMID: 34609854 PMCID: PMC8527521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is rapidly gaining appreciation for its pathophysiologic role in cardiac injury and failure. Oxidative deamination of norepinephrine by MAO generates H2O2 and the catecholaldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL), the latter of which is a highly potent and reactive electrophile that has been linked to cardiotoxicity. However, many questions remain as to whether catecholaldehydes regulate basic physiological processes in the myocardium and the pathways involved. Here, we examined the role of MAO-derived oxidative metabolites in mediating the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in response to norepinephrine. In neonatal murine cardiac fibroblasts, norepinephrine increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of catechol-modified protein adducts, expression and secretion of collagens I/III, and other markers of profibrotic activation including STAT3 phosphorylation. These effects were attenuated with MAO inhibitors, the aldehyde-scavenging dipeptide l-carnosine, and FPS-ZM1, an antagonist for the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). Interestingly, treatment of cardiac fibroblasts with a low dose (1 μM) of DOPEGAL-modified albumin phenocopied many of the effects of norepinephrine and also induced an increase in RAGE expression. Higher doses (>10 μM) of DOPEGAL-modified albumin were determined to be toxic to cardiac fibroblasts in a RAGE-dependent manner, which was mitigated by l-carnosine. Collectively, these findings suggest that norepinephrine may influence extracellular matrix remodeling via an adrenergic-independent redox pathway in cardiac fibroblasts involving the MAO-mediated generation of ROS, catecholaldehydes, and RAGE. Furthermore, since elevations in the catecholaminergic tone and oxidative stress in heart disease are linked with cardiac fibrosis, this study illustrates novel drug targets that could potentially mitigate this serious disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Blake Monroe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College
of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ethan J. Anderson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College
of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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190
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Deo P, Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Fenech M. The association of N ε-Carboxymethyllysine with polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in healthy individuals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:462-470. [PMID: 34628492 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids status is used as a biomarker of dietary intake of fats however, there is still a paucity of evidence regarding individual fatty acids and modulation of endogenous advanced glycation end-product (AGE) levels. Due to membrane PUFA being a well-known target for peroxidation, we hypothesized that cellular PUFAs are positively associated with circulatory N ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) that is also influenced by glyoxal (GO) levels in healthy cohorts. To test this, we investigated the association between RBC fatty acids and circulatory AGEs biomarkers in healthy individuals. The results showed a negative association between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and CML and stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated stearic acid was negatively associated with CML levels (β = -0.200, p=0.008) after adjusting for age, BMI, and gender. In addition, stearic acid: palmitic acid ratio was also negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of CML (rp= -0.191, p = 0.012) and glucose (rp= -0.288, p = 0.0001). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) showed a positive association with CML levels particularly, docosapentaenoic acid, γ-Linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosadienoic acid. However, these associations were not evident after the multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, and gender. A strong negative correlation (rp= -0.98, p< 0.0001) between total PUFA and total SFA was observed. Furthermore, the SFA:PUFA ratio was inversely correlated with CML (rp= -0.227, p< 0.003). Overall, this study indicates that different fats and their combinations may influence the formation of AGEs and that carefully controlled interventions are required to further test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philip Thomas
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, Australia.,Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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191
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Xie Y, van der Fels-Klerx HJ, van Leeuwen SPJ, Fogliano V. Dietary advanced glycation end-products, 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol esters and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas: Occurrence, formulation and processing effects, mitigation strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5489-5515. [PMID: 34626078 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infant formula contains thermal processing contaminants, such as dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs), glycidyl esters (GEs), 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol esters and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (MCPDEs). This systematic review aimed to gain insights into the occurrence of these contaminants in different types of infant formula, to understand potential effects of the formulation and processing of infant formulas on these contaminants, as well as into possible mitigation strategies. The occurrence of dAGEs in infant formula depends on the recipes and processing conditions. Hydrolyzed protein formulations promote dAGEs formation in infant formula since peptides are more prone to glycation than intact proteins, which is reflected in high dAGEs concentration in hypoallergenic infant formula. Different carbohydrates in recipes result into different glycation extents of infant formula: maltodextrin containing formulas contained less dAGEs than those with lactose. Concerning mitigation strategies, applying ultra-high-temperature (UHT) treatment during milk processing leads to less dAGEs formation than using in-bottle sterilization. Although data are limited, evidence showed that encapsulation of raw ingredients or the use of antioxidants or enzymes in recipes is promising. The occurrence of MCPDEs and GEs in infant formula fully depends on the vegetable oils used in the recipe. High levels of these contaminants can be found when relatively high amounts of palm oils or fats are used. The mitigation of MCPDEs and GEs should therefore be performed on fats and oils before their application to infant formula recipes. Data and knowledge gaps identified in this review can be useful to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xie
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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192
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Mahmoudinezhad M, Farhangi MA, Kahroba H, Dehghan P. Personalized diet study of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS 2) genotypes in obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19725. [PMID: 34611217 PMCID: PMC8492634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence have tripled in the past decades. It is logical to consider new approaches to halt its prevalence. In this concept, considering the effect of interaction between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene variants and dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on obesity-related characteristics seems to be challenging. The present cross-sectional study conducted among 347 obese individuals. A validated semi-quantitative 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to estimate dietary intakes and American multiethnic database was used to calculate AGEs content of food items which were not available in Iranian Food Composition Table (FCT). FADS2 gene variants were determined according to Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the modifier effect of FADS2 gene-dietary AGEs on biochemical values. Based on our findings, no significant differences was reported in term of biochemical variables between AGEs tertiles. In contrast, percent of macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fat) of total calorie intake, amount of daily intake of fiber and meat groups showed a significant differences among AGEs tertiles. Furthermore, statistical assays clarified the modifier effects of FADS2 gene-AGEs on weight (Pinteraction = 0.04), fat mass (Pinteraction = 0.03), waist circumference (Pinteraction = 0.008) and cholesterol (Pinteraction = 0.04) level. Accordingly, higher consumption of protein or fat based foods constitute high amount of AGEs and heterozygote genotype for FADS2 tended to show lower level of AGEs content. These findings address further investigation to develop new approaches for nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-Neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, 5165665931 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-Neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, 5165665931 Tabriz, Iran
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193
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Martorell M, Castro N, Victoriano M, Capó X, Tejada S, Vitalini S, Pezzani R, Sureda A. An Update of Anthraquinone Derivatives Emodin, Diacerein, and Catenarin in Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:3313419. [PMID: 34589130 PMCID: PMC8476274 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3313419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is part of metabolic diseases and is characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period as result of an insulin-deficient production or an inappropriate response to insulin by our cells. This chronic disease was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths in 2016 as reported by the World Health Organization. Emodin is a natural product and active ingredient of various Chinese herbs with the chemical formula 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone. Diacerein is another naturally occurring anthraquinone (1,8-diacetoxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone) commonly used as commercial drug to treat osteoarthritis. These two anthraquinone derivatives have been shown to exert antidiabetic activities. Emodin seems to enhance the glucose tolerance and insulin sensibility via activation of PPARγ and modulation of metabolic-related genes. Diacerein seems to decrease inflammatory cytokines and increase insulin secretion enhancing insulin sensibility and therefore improving glucose control. Other naturally occurring anthraquinone derivatives, such as catenarin (1,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), have been shown to have antidiabetic activities although few studies have been performed. The synthesis of new emodin derivatives is increasing, but these new molecules have not been tested for diabetes treatment. In the current work, available literature on anthraquinone derivatives' effects in diabetes disease is reviewed. Moreover, we discuss the chemistry, food sources, bioavailability, and toxicity of the naturally occurring anthraquinone with antidiabetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Natalia Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
- Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07120, Spain
| | - Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab (PhT-Lab), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, Padova 35128, Italy
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, Padova, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
- Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07120, Spain
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194
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The degradation of intracrystalline mollusc shell proteins: A proteomics study of Spondylus gaederopus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140718. [PMID: 34506968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mollusc shells represent excellent systems for the preservation and retrieval of genuine biomolecules from archaeological or palaeontological samples. As a consequence, the post-mortem breakdown of intracrystalline mollusc shell proteins has been extensively investigated, particularly with regard to its potential use as a "molecular clock" for geochronological applications. But despite seventy years of ancient protein research, the fundamental aspects of diagenesis-induced changes to protein structures and sequences remain elusive. In this study we investigate the degradation of intracrystalline proteins by performing artificial degradation experiments on the shell of the thorny oyster, Spondylus gaederopus, which is particularly important for archaeological research. We used immunochemistry and tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics to simultaneously track patterns of structural loss and of peptide bond hydrolysis. Powdered and bleached shell samples were heated in water at four different temperatures (80, 95, 110, 140 °C) for different time durations. The structural loss of carbohydrate and protein groups was investigated by immunochemical techniques (ELLA and ELISA) and peptide bond hydrolysis was studied by tracking the changes in protein/peptide relative abundances over time using TMT quantitative proteomics. We find that heating does not induce instant organic matrix decay, but first facilitates the uncoiling of cross-linked structures, thus improving matrix detection. We calculated apparent activation energies of structural loss: Ea (carbohydrate groups) = 104.7 kJ/mol, Ea (protein epitopes) = 104.4 kJ/mol, which suggests that secondary matrix structure degradation may proceed simultaneously with protein hydrolysis. While prolonged heating at 110 °C (10 days) results in complete loss of the structural signal, surviving peptide sequences were still observed. Eight hydrolysis-prone peptide bonds were identified in the top scoring shell sequence, the uncharacterised protein LOC117318053 from Pecten maximus. Interestingly, these were not the expected "weak" bonds based on published theoretical stabilities calculated for peptides in solution. This further confirms that intracrystalline protein degradation patterns are complex and that the overall microchemical environment plays an active role in protein stability. Our TMT approach represents a major stepping stone towards developing a model for studying protein diagenesis in biomineralised systems.
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195
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Zhao Y, Tang Y, Sang S. Dietary Quercetin Reduces Plasma and Tissue Methylglyoxal and Advanced Glycation End Products in Healthy Mice Treated with Methylglyoxal. J Nutr 2021; 151:2601-2609. [PMID: 34091674 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylglyoxal (MGO), a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), has been linked to AGEs-associated diseases. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of dietary quercetin in decreasing plasma and tissue concentrations of MGO and AGEs in MGO-administered mice. METHODS Male, 6-wk-old CD-1 mice were administered AIN-93G diet and water (Con) or 0.12% MGO in water (MGO) or MGO plus 0.2% (0.2Q) dietary quercetin for 1 wk (n = 5) (experiment 1), and water (Con), 0.12% MGO (MGO), or MGO plus 0.1% (0.1Q), 0.2% (0.2Q), or 0.4% (0.4Q) dietary quercetin for 6 wk (n = 10) (experiment 2). The plasma, kidney, and liver concentrations of MGO, quercetin, and isorhamnetin and their trapping adducts with MGO were determined by LC-MS, and AGE concentrations were measured by the fluorescent method. Furthermore, the expressions of glyoxalase I/II (GLO I/II) and aldose reductase (AR), MGO detoxification enzymes, were determined by Western blot. One-factor ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett's or Tukey's test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS After 1 wk of treatment, the MGO concentrations in plasma (20.2%) and kidney (29.9%) in 0.2Q mice were significantly lower than those in MGO mice. After 6 wk of treatment, the concentrations of MGO in the plasma (14.7-18.6%), kidney (20-20.8%), liver (15.4-18.6%), and tissue AGEs (28-36.8%) in 0.1Q, 0.2Q, and 0.4Q mice were significantly lower than those in MGO mice. The plasma concentrations of quercetin, isorhamnetin, and their MGO adducts were dose-dependently increased after quercetin administration. In addition, after 6 wk of quercetin administration, the expressions of GLO I/II and AR in the liver and kidney were significantly upregulated to promote MGO detoxification compared with MGO-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin reduced plasma and tissue MGO concentrations and inhibited AGE formation by trapping MGO and regulating the MGO detoxification systems in MGO-administered healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Yao Tang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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196
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Radrezza S, Carini M, Baron G, Aldini G, Negre-Salvayre A, D'Amato A. Study of Carnosine's effect on nude mice skin to prevent UV-A damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:97-103. [PMID: 34242794 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an important barrier against external attacks from bacteria, radicals, or radiations. UV-A radiations cause significant impairment of this barrier, inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and wrinkle formation, thereby promoting photoaging. Previous studies reported that carnosine, a potent antioxidant, and carbonyl scavenger agent, may prevent photoaging features in the skin of hairless mice exposed to UV-A radiations. In the present study, we used a quantitative proteomic approach to analyze the changes evoked by carnosine in the skin proteome of hairless mice exposed to UV-A. This approach allowed to quantify more than 2480 proteins, among them consistent differences were observed for 89 proteins in UV-A exposed vs control unexposed skins, and 252 proteins in UV-A-exposed skin preventively treated by carnosine (UVAC) vs UV-A. Several functional pathways were altered in the skins of UV-A exposed hairless mice, including the integrin-linked kinase, calcium signaling, fibrogenesis, cell migration and filament formation. An impairment of mitochondrial function and metabolism was observed, with an up-regulation of cytochrome C oxidase 6B1 and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase S8. Skins pre-treated by carnosine were prevented from UV-A induced proteome alterations. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the potency of a proteomic approach to identify the consequences of UV radiations in the skins, and points out the capacity of carnosine to prevent the alterations of skin proteome evoked by UV-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Radrezza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anne Negre-Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, Toulouse, France, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Alfonsina D'Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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197
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Akagawa M. Protein carbonylation: molecular mechanisms, biological implications, and analytical approaches. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:307-320. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1851027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Akagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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198
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Toxicological Profile and Oxidative Stress of Relevant Diet-Related Advanced Glycation End Products and Related 1,2-Dicarbonyls. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9912240. [PMID: 34422213 PMCID: PMC8371648 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During food processing and storage, and in tissues and fluids under physiological conditions, the Maillard reaction occurs. During this reaction, reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds arise as intermediates that undergo further reactions to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Diet is the primary source of exogenous AGEs. Endogenously formed AGEs have been proposed as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of diet-related diseases such as diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, or chronic disease. AGEs may differently contribute to the diet-related exacerbation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein modifications. Here, to understand the contribution of each compound, we tested individually, for the first time, the effect of five 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal), 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) and four different glycated amino acids N-ε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), N-ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), and pyrraline (Pyrr) in a cell line of human keratinocytes (HaCaT). We found that most of the glycated amino acids, i.e., CEL, CML, and MG-H1, did not show any cytotoxicity. At the same time, 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-DGal, 3,4-DGE, GO, and MGO increased the production of reactive oxygen species and induced cell death. MGO induced cell death by apoptosis, whereas 3-DGal and 3,4-DGE induced nuclear translocation of the proinflammatory NF-κB transcription pathway, and the activation of the pyroptosis-related NLRP3 inflammasome cascade. Overall, these results demonstrate the higher toxic impact of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds on mucosal epithelial cells when compared to glycated amino acids and the selective activation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in the crosstalk mechanisms linking oxidative stress to excessive inflammation.
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199
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Eteng OE, Moses CA, Ugwor EI, Enobong JE, Akamo AJ, Akinloye DI, Sadiku IO, Iwara A, Ubana E. Sub-acute exposure to Sudan IV-adulterated palm oil induces oxidative stress and represses the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant genes in male albino rats. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:400-412. [PMID: 35895948 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1965851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Sudan IV dye (S4D) on antioxidant biomarkers using palm oil adulterated with S4D. Thirty male albino rats were grouped into five (n = 6); Normal control, palm oil (PO), PO + S4D (100 mg/kg), PO + S4D (250 mg/kg), and S4D (250 mg/kg) for 21 days. Oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed in the serum, liver, and kidneys. Exposure to S4D (alone and in adulterated PO) occasioned significant depletions in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx, as well as GSH levels in the assessed compartments. Contrastingly, the levels of NO and MDA were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the serum, liver, and kidney of rats exposed to PO + S4D (both doses) and S4D (250 mg/kg) when compared to control rats. Further, the expressions of the genes coding for CAT, GPx-1, GSR, and Nrf-2 were significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated, relative to β-actin, in groups exposed to S4D compared to the control. Interestingly, these parameters were not significantly different (p > 0.05) in the unadulterated PO-exposed rats compared to the control. These results show that S4D depleted the antioxidant capacities, while potentiating the generation of reactive species and oxidative damage. This study provides useful information on the oxidative mechanisms associated with consumption of S4D-containing consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofem E Eteng
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ceaser A Moses
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I Ugwor
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joe E Enobong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Adio J Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas I Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Irene O Sadiku
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Arikpo Iwara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Eyong Ubana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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200
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Griesser E, Vemula V, Mónico A, Pérez-Sala D, Fedorova M. Dynamic posttranslational modifications of cytoskeletal proteins unveil hot spots under nitroxidative stress. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102014. [PMID: 34062408 PMCID: PMC8170420 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a supramolecular structure consisting of interacting protein networks that support cell dynamics in essential processes such as migration and division, as well as in responses to stress. Fast cytoskeletal remodeling is achieved with the participation of regulatory proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Redox-related PTMs are emerging as critical players in cytoskeletal regulation. Here we used a cellular model of mild nitroxidative stress in which a peroxynitrite donor induced transient changes in the organization of three key cytoskeletal proteins, i.e., vimentin, actin and tubulin. Nitroxidative stress-induced reconfiguration of intermediate filaments, microtubules and actin structures were further correlated with their PTM profiles and dynamics of the PTM landscape. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 62 different PTMs were identified and relatively quantified in vimentin, actin and tubulin, including 12 enzymatic, 13 oxidative and 2 nitric oxide-derived modifications as well as 35 modifications by carbonylated lipid peroxidation products, thus evidencing the occurrence of a chain reaction with formation of numerous reactive species and activation of multiple signaling pathways. Our results unveil the presence of certain modifications under basal conditions and their modulation in response to stress in a target-, residue- and reactive species-dependent manner. Thus, some modifications accumulated during the experiment whereas others varied transiently. Moreover, we identified protein PTM "hot spots", such as the single cysteine residue of vimentin, which was detected in seven modified forms, thus, supporting its role in PTM crosstalk and redox sensing. Finally, identification of novel PTMs in these proteins paves the way for unveiling new cytoskeleton regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Griesser
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Venukumar Vemula
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreia Mónico
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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