151
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Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and cancer relapse are major clinical challenges attributed to a sub population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The concept of CSCs has been the subject of intense research by the oncology community since evidence for their existence was first published over twenty years ago. Emerging data indicates that they are also able to evade novel therapies such as targeted agents, immunotherapies and anti-angiogenics. The inability to appropriately identify and isolate CSCs is a major hindrance to the field and novel technologies are now being utilized. Agents that target CSC-associated cell surface receptors and signaling pathways have generated promising pre-clinical results and are now entering clinical trial. Here we discuss and evaluate current therapeutic strategies to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Annett
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ireland.
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152
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Pietrobono S, Santini R, Gagliardi S, Dapporto F, Colecchia D, Chiariello M, Leone C, Valoti M, Manetti F, Petricci E, Taddei M, Stecca B. Targeted inhibition of Hedgehog-GLI signaling by novel acylguanidine derivatives inhibits melanoma cell growth by inducing replication stress and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:142. [PMID: 29396391 PMCID: PMC5833413 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a critical driver in tumorigenesis. The Smoothened (SMO) receptor is one of the major upstream transducers of the HH pathway and a target for the development of anticancer agents. The SMO inhibitor Vismodegib (GDC-0449/Erivedge) has been approved for treatment of basal cell carcinoma. However, the emergence of resistance during Vismodegib treatment and the occurrence of numerous side effects limit its use. Our group has recently discovered and developed novel and potent SMO inhibitors based on acylguanidine or acylthiourea scaffolds. Here, we show that the two acylguanidine analogs, compound (1) and its novel fluoride derivative (2), strongly reduce growth and self-renewal of melanoma cells, inhibiting the level of the HH signaling target GLI1 in a dose-dependent manner. Both compounds induce apoptosis and DNA damage through the ATR/CHK1 axis. Mechanistically, they prevent G2 to M cell cycle transition, and induce signs of mitotic aberrations ultimately leading to mitotic catastrophe. In a melanoma xenograft mouse model, systemic treatment with 1 produced a remarkable inhibition of tumor growth without body weight loss in mice. Our data highlight a novel route for cell death induction by SMO inhibitors and support their use in therapeutic approaches for melanoma and, possibly, other types of cancer with active HH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Santini
- Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Dapporto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - David Colecchia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Cosima Leone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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153
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The Ever-Evolving Concept of the Cancer Stem Cell in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020033. [PMID: 29373514 PMCID: PMC5836065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer, is the 4th most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide, primarily due to the inherent chemoresistant nature and metastatic capacity of this tumor. The latter is believed to be mainly due to the existence of a subpopulation of highly plastic “stem”-like cells within the tumor, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have been shown to have unique metabolic, autophagic, invasive, and chemoresistance properties that allow them to continuously self-renew and escape chemo-therapeutic elimination. As such, current treatments for the majority of PDAC patients are not effective and do not significantly impact overall patient survival (<7 months) as they do not affect the pancreatic CSC (PaCSC) population. In this context, it is important to highlight the need to better understand the characteristics of the PaCSC population in order to develop new therapies to target these cells. In this review, we will provide the latest updates and knowledge on the inherent characteristics of PaCSCs, particularly their unique biological properties including chemoresistance, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, plasticity, metabolism and autophagy.
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154
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Aristizabal Prada ET, Auernhammer CJ. Targeted therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: preclinical strategies and future targets. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R1-R25. [PMID: 29146887 PMCID: PMC5754510 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy of advanced neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system currently encompasses approved therapy with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus and the multi-tyrosinkinase inhibitor sunitinib. However, clinical efficacy of these treatment strategies is limited by low objective response rates and limited progression-free survival due to tumour resistance. Further novel strategies for molecular targeted therapy of NETs of the GEP system are needed. This paper reviews preclinical research models and signalling pathways in NETs of the GEP system. Preclinical and early clinical data on putative novel targets for molecular targeted therapy of NETs of the GEP system are discussed, including PI3K, Akt, mTORC1/mTORC2, GSK3, c-Met, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK, embryogenic pathways (Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt/beta-catenin, TGF-beta signalling and SMAD proteins), tumour suppressors and cell cycle regulators (p53, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK4/6, CDK inhibitor p27, retinoblastoma protein (Rb)), heat shock protein HSP90, Aurora kinase, Src kinase family, focal adhesion kinase and epigenetic modulation by histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Aristizabal Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine IVCampus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C J Auernhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine IVCampus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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155
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Bao C, Kramata P, Lee HJ, Suh N. Regulation of Hedgehog Signaling in Cancer by Natural and Dietary Compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29164817 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signaling induced by mutations or overexpression of the signaling mediators has been implicated in cancer, associated with processes including inflammation, tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastasis, as well as cancer stemness. Small molecules targeting the regulatory components of the Hh signaling pathway, especially Smoothened (Smo), have been developed for the treatment of cancer. However, acquired resistance to a Smo inhibitor vismodegib observed in clinical trials suggests that other Hh signaling components need to be explored as potential anticancer targets. Natural and dietary compounds provide a resource for the development of potent agents affecting intracellular signaling cascades, and numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of natural products in targeting the Hh signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the role of Hh signaling in tumorigenesis, discuss results from recent studies investigating the effect of natural products and dietary components on Hh signaling in cancer, and provide insight on novel small molecules as potential Hh signaling inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Bao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Pavel Kramata
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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156
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Prieto-Vila M, Takahashi RU, Usuba W, Kohama I, Ochiya T. Drug Resistance Driven by Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122574. [PMID: 29194401 PMCID: PMC5751177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of cells within the tumor with the potential for self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenicity, are thought to be the major cause of cancer therapy failure due to their considerable chemo- and radioresistance, resulting in tumor recurrence and eventually metastasis. CSCs are situated in a specialized microenvironment termed the niche, mainly composed of fibroblasts and endothelial, mesenchymal and immune cells, which also play pivotal roles in drug resistance. These neighboring cells promote the molecular signaling pathways required for CSC maintenance and survival and also trigger endogenous drug resistance in CSCs. In addition, tumor niche components such as the extracellular matrix also physically shelter CSCs from therapeutic agents. Interestingly, CSCs contribute directly to the niche in a bilateral feedback loop manner. Here, we review the recent advances in the study of CSCs, the niche and especially their collective contribution to resistance, since increasingly studies suggest that this interaction should be considered as a target for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prieto-Vila
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Ryou-U Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Wataru Usuba
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Isaku Kohama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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157
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Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Kocik M, Duchonova B, Brynychova V, Oliverius M, Hlavsa J, Honsova E, Mazanec J, Kala Z, Ojima I, Hughes DJ, Doherty JE, Murray HA, Crockard MA, Lemstrova R, Soucek P. Hedgehog pathway overexpression in pancreatic cancer is abrogated by new-generation taxoid SB-T-1216. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 17:452-460. [PMID: 27573236 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog pathway is one of the major driver pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This study investigated prognostic importance of Hedgehog signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer patients who underwent a radical resection. Tumors and adjacent non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues were obtained from 45 patients with histologically verified pancreatic cancer. The effect of experimental taxane chemotherapy on the expression of Hedgehog pathway was evaluated in vivo using a mouse xenograft model prepared using pancreatic cancer cell line Paca-44. Mice were treated by experimental Stony Brook Taxane SB-T-1216. The transcript profile of 34 Hedgehog pathway genes in patients and xenografts was assessed using quantitative PCR. The Hedgehog pathway was strongly overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and upregulation of SHH, IHH, HHAT and PTCH1 was associated with a trend toward decreased patient survival. No association of Hedgehog pathway expression with KRAS mutation status was found in tumors. Sonic hedgehog ligand was overexpressed, but all other downstream genes were downregulated by SB-T-1216 treatment in vivo. Suppression of HH pathway expression in vivo by taxane-based chemotherapy suggests a new mechanism of action for treatment of this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mohelnikova-Duchonova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Kocik
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - V Brynychova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Oliverius
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hlavsa
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Honsova
- Department of Clinical and Transplantation Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Mazanec
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Kala
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Ojima
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D J Hughes
- Department of Physiology &Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - R Lemstrova
- Department of Oncology, Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - P Soucek
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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158
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Feng HC, Lin JY, Hsu SH, Lan WY, Kuo CS, Tian YF, Sun DP, Huang RFS. Low folate metabolic stress reprograms DNA methylation-activated sonic hedgehog signaling to mediate cancer stem cell-like signatures and invasive tumour stage-specific malignancy of human colorectal cancers. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2537-2550. [PMID: 28833104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic role of colonic low folate metabolic stress (LFMS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) malignancy development remains unknown. Folate analysis on the 99 paired human CRC tissues localized LFMS to the deep invasive T3/T4 staged tumours with hypo-methylated sonic hedgehog (Shh) promoter region and amplified expressions of Shh ligand and Gli1 effector, which coincided with deregulated expressions of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediators. Colonic folate levels of CRC were inversely correlated with pluripotent expressions of the SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 markers (p < 0.05). Exposure of human colon adenocarcinoma cells to LFMS microenvironment significantly hypomethylated Shh promoter region, activated Shh signaling, induced transcript and protein expressions of the pluripotent markers, promoted trans-differentiation as EMT by deregulation of Snail mediator and epithelial marker E-cadherin, increased MMP2/MMP9 enzymatic digestion on matrix protein for invasion, and promoted self-renewal capability of anchorage-independent tumor-spheroid formation. LFMS-induced cancer stem cell (CSC) signature and CRC invasion is synergized with inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5AZA) in rewiring EMT genotypes, which can be blockade by the Shh inhibitor (cyclopamine). The in vivo and in vitro data corroboratively identify CSC-like molecular targets specific to the LFMS-predisposed invasive CRC through reprogramming DNA methylation-activated Shh signaling. The study highlights CSC targets specific to LFMS-predisposed invasive CRC in optimizing folate co-chemotherapy to minimize tumour metastasis potential of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chun Feng
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan.,Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jhuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Hsu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lan
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Sheng Kuo
- Department of Dietetics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Sun
- Division of Transplantation Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Fen Syu Huang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan.,Department of Dietetics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
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159
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Taylor WF, Jabbarzadeh E. The use of natural products to target cancer stem cells. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1588-1605. [PMID: 28744407 PMCID: PMC5523038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell hypothesis has been used to explain many cancer complications resulting in poor patient outcomes including induced drug resistance, metastases to distant organs, and tumor recurrence. While the validity of the cancer stem cell model continues to be the cause of much scientific debate, a number of putative cancer stem cell markers have been identified making studies concerning the targeting of cancer stem cells possible. In this review, a number of identifying properties of cancer stem cells have been outlined including properties contributing to the drug resistance and metastatic potential commonly observed in supposed cancer stem cells. Due to cancer stem cells' numerous survival mechanisms, the diversity of cancer stem cell markers between cancer types and tissues, and the prevalence of cancer stem cell markers among healthy stem and somatic cells, it is likely that currently utilized treatments will continue to fail to eradicate cancer stem cells. The successful treatment of cancer stem cells will rely upon the development of anti-neoplastic drugs capable of influencing many cellular mechanisms simultaneously in order to prevent the survival of this evasive subpopulation. Natural compounds represent a historically rich source of novel, biologically active compounds which are able to interact with a large number of cellular targets while limiting the painful side-effects commonly associated with cancer treatment. A brief review of select natural products that have been demonstrated to diminish the clinically devastating properties of cancer stem cells or to induce cancer stem cell death is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley F Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South CarolinaColumbia 29208, SC, USA
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South CarolinaColumbia 29208, SC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South CarolinaColumbia 29208, SC, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of South CarolinaColumbia 29209, SC, USA
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160
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with their self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation potential, are a critical subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to therapy. Like embryonic and adult stem cells, CSCs express markers that are not expressed in normal somatic cells and are thus thought to contribute towards a 'stemness' phenotype. This review summarizes the current knowledge of stemness-related markers in human cancers, with a particular focus on important transcription factors, protein surface markers and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhao
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Yvonne Li
- Dana Farber cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Xun Zhang
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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161
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Amey CL, Karnoub AE. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells-A Renewed Therapeutic Paradigm. ONCOLOGY & HEMATOLOGY REVIEW 2017; 13:45-55. [PMID: 33959299 PMCID: PMC8098671 DOI: 10.17925/ohr.2017.13.01.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is often accompanied by radio- and chemotherapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments and is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Better understanding of how cancer cells circumvent therapeutic insults and how disseminated cancer clones generate life-threatening metastases would therefore be paramount to the development of effective therapeutic approaches for clinical management of malignant disease. Mounting reports over the past two decades have provided evidence for the existence of a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors, which are capable of self-renewing and of regenerating secondary growths with the heterogeneity of the primary tumors from which they derive. These cells, called tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit increased resistance to standard radio- and chemotherapies and appear to have mechanisms that enable them to evade immune surveillance. CSCs are therefore considered to be responsible for systemic residual disease after cancer therapy, as well as for disease relapse. How CSCs develop, the nature of the interactions they establish with their microenvironment, their phenotypic and functional characteristics, as well as their molecular dependencies have all taken center stage in cancer therapy. Indeed, improved understanding of CSC biology is critical to the development of important CSC-based anti-neoplastic approaches that have the potential to radically improve cancer management. Here, we summarize some of the most pertinent elements regarding CSC development and properties, and highlight some of the clinical modalities in current development as anti-CSC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
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162
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Jafari SM, Panjehpour M, Aghaei M, Joshaghani HR, Enderami SE. A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonist Inhibited Survival of Breast Cancer Stem Cells via GLI-1 and ERK1/2 Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2909-2920. [PMID: 28230290 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) and signaling pathways in the multiple aspects of the tumor. However, there is a little study about the function of A3AR in the biological processes of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have a critical role in the maintenance and survival of breast cancer. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of A3AR agonist on breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). XTT assay showed antiproliferative effect of A3AR agonist (Cl-IB-MECA) on BCSCs. Our results also demonstrated that A3AR agonist reduces mammosphere formation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that A3AR agonist induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BCSCs. Western blot assay showed that A3AR agonist inhibits the expression of cell cycle and apoptotic regulatory proteins as well as the expression of ERK1/2 and GLI-1 proteins. Finally, these findings propose that A3AR agonist induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BCSCs by inhibition of ERK1/2 and GLI-1 cascade. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2909-2920, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Panjehpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Bioinformatics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Medical Laboratory Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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163
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HER2 in Breast Cancer Stemness: A Negative Feedback Loop towards Trastuzumab Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050040. [PMID: 28445439 PMCID: PMC5447950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in approximately 20% of all breast cancers (BCs) is a poor prognosis factor and a precious target for BC therapy. Trastuzumab is approved by FDA to specifically target HER2 for treating HER2+ BC. However, about 60% of patients with HER2+ breast tumor develop de novo resistance to trastuzumab, partially due to the loss of expression of HER2 extracellular domain on their tumor cells. This is due to shedding/cleavage of HER2 by metalloproteinases (ADAMs and MMPs). HER2 shedding results in the accumulation of intracellular carboxyl-terminal HER2 (p95HER2), which is a common phenomenon in trastuzumab-resistant tumors and is suggested as a predictive marker for trastuzumab resistance. Up-regulation of the metalloproteinases is a poor prognosis factor and is commonly seen in mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells that are risen during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. HER2 cleavage during EMT can explain why secondary metastatic tumors with high percentage of mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells are mostly resistant to trastuzumab but still sensitive to lapatinib. Importantly, many studies report HER2 interaction with oncogenic/stemness signaling pathways including TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, JAK/STAT and Hedgehog. HER2 overexpression promotes EMT and the emergence of cancer stem cell properties in BC. Increased expression and activation of metalloproteinases during EMT leads to proteolytic cleavage and shedding of HER2 receptor, which downregulates HER2 extracellular domain and eventually increases trastuzumab resistance. Here, we review the hypothesis that a negative feedback loop between HER2 and stemness signaling drives resistance of BC to trastuzumab.
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164
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Fu Y, Li H, Hao X. The self-renewal signaling pathways utilized by gastric cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697577. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Cancer stem cells are the source of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Self-renewal is a marker of cancer stem cells and also the basis of long-lasting survival and tumor progression. Although the mechanism of gastric cancer stem cell self-renewal is not clear, there are several signaling pathways and environmental factors known to be involved. This mini review describes recent developments in the self-renewal signaling pathway of gastric cancer stem cell research. Advancements made in this field of research will likely support the development of novel therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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165
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Abbaszadegan MR, Bagheri V, Razavi MS, Momtazi AA, Sahebkar A, Gholamin M. Isolation, identification, and characterization of cancer stem cells: A review. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2008-2018. [PMID: 28019667 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) as a small subset of neoplastic cells are able to produce a tumor (tumorigenesis), maintain the population of tumorigenic cells (self-renewal), and generate the heterogeneous cells constructing the entire tumor (pluripotency). The research on stationary and circulating CSCs due to resistance to conventional therapies and inability in complete eradication of cancer is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies for a more effective reduction in the risk of tumor metastasis and cancer recurrence. This review compiles information about different methods of detection and dissociation, side population, cellular markers, and establishment culture of CSCs, as well as characteristics of CSCs such as tumorigenicity, and signaling pathways associated with self-renewal and the capability of the same histological tumor regeneration in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahya Shariat Razavi
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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166
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Smoothened is a poor prognosis factor and a potential therapeutic target in glioma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42630. [PMID: 28195165 PMCID: PMC5307388 DOI: 10.1038/srep42630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are associated with a high mortality rate. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel targeted therapeutics. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling has been directly linked to glioma. GDC-0449 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling that blocks the activity of smoothened (Smo). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the smoothened inhibitor GDC-0449 on cell proliferation in human gliomas. We found that high expression of smoothened in glioma is a predictor of short overall survival and poor patient outcome. Our data suggest that GDC-0449 significantly inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Our results demonstrate that GDC-0449 can effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Furthermore, GDC-0449 treatment significantly suppressed glioma cell xenograft tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, GDC-0449 treatment markedly decreases the expression levels of key Hedgehog pathway component genes (Shh, Patched-1, Patched-2, smoothened, Gli1 and Gli2). These results indicate that GDC-0449 works through targeting the Hedgehog pathway. Taken together, our study suggests that smoothened could be used as a prognostic marker and molecular therapeutic target for glioma.
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167
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Issa ME, Takhsha FS, Chirumamilla CS, Perez-Novo C, Vanden Berghe W, Cuendet M. Epigenetic strategies to reverse drug resistance in heterogeneous multiple myeloma. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:17. [PMID: 28203307 PMCID: PMC5303245 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy, which remains incurable because most patients eventually relapse or become refractory to current treatments. Due to heterogeneity within the cancer cell microenvironment, cancer cell populations employ a dynamic survival strategy to chemotherapeutic treatments, which frequently results in a rapid acquisition of therapy resistance. Besides resistance-conferring genetic alterations within a tumor cell population selected during drug treatment, recent findings also reveal non-mutational mechanisms of drug resistance, involving a small population of "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) which are intrinsically more refractory to the effects of a variety of anticancer drugs. Other studies have implicated epigenetic mechanisms in reversible drug tolerance to protect the population from eradication by potentially lethal exposures, suggesting that acquired drug resistance does not necessarily require a stable heritable genetic alteration. Clonal evolution of MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment changes contribute to drug resistance. MM-CSCs may not be a static population and survive as phenotypically and functionally different cell types via the transition between stem-like and non-stem-like states in local microenvironments, as observed in other types of cancers. Targeting MM-CSCs is clinically relevant, and different approaches have been suggested to target molecular, metabolic and epigenetic signatures, and the self-renewal signaling characteristic of MM CSC-like cells. Here, we summarize epigenetic strategies to reverse drug resistance in heterogeneous multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Issa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Farnaz Sedigheh Takhsha
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Chandra Sekhar Chirumamilla
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudina Perez-Novo
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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168
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Torquato HFV, Goettert MI, Justo GZ, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Anti-Cancer Phytometabolites Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:156-174. [PMID: 28367074 PMCID: PMC5345336 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803162309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a plentiful source of bioactive molecules with much structural diversity. In cancer treatment, molecules obtained from plants represent an attractive alternative to other treatments because several plant-derived compounds have exhibited lower toxicity and higher selectivity against cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the possible application of bioactive molecules obtained from plants against more primitive cell populations in cancers, cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are present in several kinds of tumors and are responsible for recurrences and metastases. Common anti-cancer drugs exhibit lower effectiveness against cancer stem cells because of their biological features. However, recently discovered natural phytometabolites exert cytotoxic effects on this rare population of cells in cancers. Therefore, this review presents the latest research on promising compounds from plants that can act as antitumor drugs and that mainly affect stem cell populations in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heron F V Torquato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia I Goettert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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169
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Xu X, Lu Y, Li Y, Prinz RA. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:284. [PMID: 29163356 PMCID: PMC5670164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. The initiation of thyroid cancer is often triggered by a genetic mutation in the phosphortidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, such as RAS and BRAF, or by the rearrangement of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase genes such as RET/PTC. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and plays an important role in the embryonic development of normal tissues and organs. Gene mutations in the Shh pathway are involved in basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Activation of the Shh pathway due to overexpression of the genes encoding the components of this pathway stimulates the growth and spread of a wide range of cancer types. The Shh pathway also plays an important role in cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. GDC-0449 and LDE-225, two inhibitors of this pathway, have been approved for treating BCC and are being tested as a single agent or in combination with other drugs for treating various other cancers. Here, we review the recent findings on activation of the Shh pathway in thyroid cancer and its role in maintaining thyroid CSC self-renewal. We also summarize the recent developments on crosstalk of the Shh pathway with the MAPK and PI3K oncogenic pathways, and its implications for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiulong Xu, ,
| | - Yurong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard A. Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, United States
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170
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Kit O, Vodolazhsky D, Rostorguev E, Porksheyan D, Panina S. The role of micro-RNA in the regulation of signal pathways in gliomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:481-498. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176306481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are invasive brain tumors with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of glioma with nearly 100% rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in patients. Micro-RNAs (miR) are the class of wide-spread short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation via binding to the mRNA of target genes. The aim of the present review is to analyze recent studies and experimental results concerning aberrant expression profiles of miR, which target components of the signaling pathways Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, EGFR, TGFb, HIF1a in glioma/glioblastoma. Particularly, the interactions of miR with targets of 2-hydroxyglutarate (the product of mutant isocytrate dehydrogenase, R132H IDH1, which is specific for the glioma pathogenesis) have been considered in the present review. Detecting specific miRNAs in tissue and serum may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for glioma, as well as for predicting treatment response of an individual patient, and potentially serving as a mechanism for creating personalized treatment strategies
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Affiliation(s)
- O.I. Kit
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - E.E. Rostorguev
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - D.H. Porksheyan
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - S.B. Panina
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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171
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Vishnoi K, Mahata S, Tyagi A, Pandey A, Verma G, Jadli M, Singh T, Singh SM, Bharti AC. Cross-talk between Human Papillomavirus Oncoproteins and Hedgehog Signaling Synergistically Promotes Stemness in Cervical Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34377. [PMID: 27678330 PMCID: PMC5039669 DOI: 10.1038/srep34377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral oncoproteins E6/E7 play key oncogenic role in human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cervical carcinogenesis in conjunction with aberrant activation of cellular signaling events. GLI-signaling has been implicated in metastasis and tumor recurrence of cervical cancer. However, the interaction of GLI-signaling with HPV oncogenes is unknown. We examined this relationship in established HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancer cell lines using specific GLI inhibitor, cyclopamine and HPVE6/E7 siRNAs. Cervical cancer cell lines showed variable expression of GLI-signaling components. HPV16-positive SiHa cells, overexpressed GLI1, Smo and Patch. Inhibition by cyclopamine resulted in dose-dependent reduction of Smo and GLI1 and loss of cell viability with a higher magnitude in HPV-positive cells. Cyclopamine selectively downregulated HPVE6 expression and resulted in p53 accumulation, whereas HPVE7 and pRb level remained unaffected. siRNA-mediated silencing of HPV16E6 demonstrated reduced GLI1 transcripts in SiHa cells. Cervical cancer stem-like cells isolated by side population analysis, displayed retention of E6 and GLI1 expression. Fraction of SP cells was reduced in cyclopamine-treated cultures. When combined with E6-silencing cyclopamine resulted in loss of SP cell’s sphere-forming ability. Co-inhibition of GLI1 and E6 in cervical cancer cells showed additive anti-cancer effects. Overall, our data show existence of a cooperative interaction between GLI signaling and HPVE6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sutapa Mahata
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Pandey
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology &Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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172
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Abstract
Cancer poses a serious health problem in society and is increasingly surpassing cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Current therapeutic strategies for cancer are extreme and harsh to patients and often have limited success; the danger of cancer is intensified as it metastasizes to secondary locations such as lung, bone, and liver, posing a dire threat to patient treatment and survival. Hedgehog signaling is an important pathway for normal development. Initially identified in Drosophila, the vertebrate and mammalian equivalent of the pathway has been studied extensively for its role in cancer development and progression. As this pathway regulates key target genes involved in development, its action also allows for the modulation of the microenvironment to prepare a tumor-suitable niche by manipulating tumor cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation, thus creating an enabling environment for progression and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize recent scientific discoveries reporting the impact of the Hedgehog signaling pathway on the tumor initiation process and metastatic cascade, shedding light on the ability of the tumor to take over a mechanism crucially intended for development and normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hanna
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wallace Tumor Institute 320D, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, Alabama, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wallace Tumor Institute 320D, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, Alabama, USA.
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173
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Hanna A, Shevde LA. Hedgehog signaling: modulation of cancer properies and tumor mircroenvironment. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:24. [PMID: 26988232 PMCID: PMC4797362 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a serious health problem in society and is increasingly surpassing cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Current therapeutic strategies for cancer are extreme and harsh to patients and often have limited success; the danger of cancer is intensified as it metastasizes to secondary locations such as lung, bone, and liver, posing a dire threat to patient treatment and survival. Hedgehog signaling is an important pathway for normal development. Initially identified in Drosophila, the vertebrate and mammalian equivalent of the pathway has been studied extensively for its role in cancer development and progression. As this pathway regulates key target genes involved in development, its action also allows for the modulation of the microenvironment to prepare a tumor-suitable niche by manipulating tumor cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation, thus creating an enabling environment for progression and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize recent scientific discoveries reporting the impact of the Hedgehog signaling pathway on the tumor initiation process and metastatic cascade, shedding light on the ability of the tumor to take over a mechanism crucially intended for development and normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hanna
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wallace Tumor Institute 320D, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, Alabama, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wallace Tumor Institute 320D, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, Alabama, USA.
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174
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Manetti F, Petricci E. Evaluation of WO2014207069 A1: Multitarget Hedgehog pathway inhibitors and uses thereof. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:529-35. [PMID: 26666870 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1132309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the involvement of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway in various human diseases and dysfunctions has been clearly demonstrated. Smoothened (Smo), one of the upstream signal transducers, has been the most druggable target of the Hh pathway. However, the emergence of resistance to Smo inhibitors and the identification of Smo-independent activation of the Hh pathway led to the need to find new chemical entities able to interfere with downstream components, such as Gli. For this purpose, two different computational approaches have been applied to a small-sized library of natural compounds. As a result, an isoflavone derivative that showed ability to inhibit both Smo and Gli1 has been identified; namely, Glabrescione B. A new synthetic approach has been planned for this compound and its derivatives. Biological evaluation demonstrated the mechanism of action and showed a promising preclinical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie , Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie , Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
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175
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Chang KJ, Yang MH, Zheng JC, Li B, Nie W. Arsenic trioxide inhibits cancer stem-like cells via down-regulation of Gli1 in lung cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1133-1143. [PMID: 27158399 PMCID: PMC4846956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the tumorigenesis and recurrence, so targeting CSCs is a potential effective method to cure cancers. Activated Hedgehog signaling pathway has been proved to be implicated in the maintenance of self-renewal of CSCs, and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been reported to inhibit Gli1, a key transcription factor of Hedgehog pathway. In this study, we evaluated whether As2O3 has inhibitory effects on cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) in lung cancer and further explored the possible mechanism. CCK8 assay and colony formation assay were performed to demonstrate the ability of As2O3 to inhibit the growth of NCI-H460 and NCI-H446 cells, which represented non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Tumor sphere formation assay was carried out to evaluate the effects of As2O3 on stem cell-like subpopulations. The expression of stem cell biomarkers CD133 and stem cell transcription factors such as Sox2 and Oct4 were detected. Moreover, the effects of As2O3 on expression of Gli1 and its target genes were observed. We found that As2O3 inhibited the cell proliferation and reduced the colony formation ability. Importantly, As2O3 decreased the formation of tumor spheres. The expression of stem cell biomarker CD133 and stem cell transcription factors such as Sox2 and Oct4 were markedly reduced by As2O3 treatment. Furthermore, As2O3 decreased the expression of Gli1, N-myc and GAS1. Our results suggested that As2O3 is a promising agent to inhibit CSLCs in lung cancer. In addition, the mechanism of CSLCs inhibition might involve Gli1 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Meng-Hang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003, China
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176
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Es-Haghi M, Soltanian S, Dehghani H. Perspective: Cooperation of Nanog, NF-κΒ, and CXCR4 in a regulatory network for directed migration of cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1559-65. [PMID: 26715265 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed cell migration is a crucial mobility phase of cancer stem cells having stemness and tumorigenic characteristics. It is known that CXCR4 plays key roles in the perception of chemotactic gradients throughout the directed migration of CSCs. There are a number of complex signaling pathways and transcription factors that coordinate with CXCR4/CXCL12 axis during directed migration. In this review, we focus on some transcription factors such as Nanog, NF-κB, and Bmi-1 that cooperate with CXCR4/CXCL12 for the maintenance of stemness and induction of metastasis behavior in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Es-Haghi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Soltanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Embryonic and Stem Cell Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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177
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Lee KL, Kuo YC, Ho YS, Huang YH. Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO mutant that produces altered elastase. J Bacteriol 1980; 11:cancers11091334. [PMID: 31505803 PMCID: PMC6769912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is cancer that tested as negative for estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and excess human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein which accounts for 15%–20% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is considered to be a poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer, mainly because it involves more aggressive phenotypes that are similar to stem cell–like cancer cells (cancer stem cell, CSC). Thus, targeted treatment of TNBC remains a major challenge in clinical practice. This review article surveys the latest evidence concerning the role of genomic alteration in current TNBC treatment responses, current clinical trials and potential targeting sites, CSC and drug resistance, and potential strategies targeting CSCs in TNBC. Furthermore, the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in stemness expression, chemoresistance, and metastasis in TNBC and their relevance to potential treatments are also discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha-Liang Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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