151
|
Mann G, Hosig K, Zhang A, Shen S, Serrano E. Smart Snacks in School Legislation Does Not Change Self-Reported Snack Food and Beverage Intake of Middle School Students in Rural Appalachian Region. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 49:599-604.e1. [PMID: 28689614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.05.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of the national Smart Snacks in School standards, which include nutrient and ingredient limitations for school competitive foods and beverages effective July, 2014, on student intake in low-income rural Appalachian middle schools. METHODS Food-frequency questionnaires were administered to students before and after implementation. Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were conducted to examine effects from year of data collection, grade, and free or reduced price lunch participation rates. RESULTS No significant changes were observed after implementation except a decrease in consumption of 1% or nonfat flavored milk at school. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Smart Snacks in School standards did not result in significant dietary changes in this study. Longitudinal studies could evaluate long-term impacts of nutrition standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgianna Mann
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS; Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
| | - Kathy Hosig
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | | | - Sumin Shen
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
152
|
Greupner T, Schneider I, Hahn A. Calcium Bioavailability from Mineral Waters with Different Mineralization in Comparison to Milk and a Supplement. J Am Coll Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28628402 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1299651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of calcium from 3 mineral waters with different concentrations of minerals with that of milk and a calcium supplement. METHODS A single-center, randomized controlled trial with a crossover design with 21 healthy men and women was conducted at the Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover. The participants consumed the 5 test products providing 300 mg of calcium each on 5 examination days with 1-week wash-out phases in between. Primary outcome variables were the area under the curve of serum calcium levels for 10-hour (AUC0-10h) and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion. RESULTS In all groups, no significant differences in the AUC0-10h of serum calcium levels as well as in the 24-hour urinary calcium excretion were observed. Likewise, mean changes in serum phosphate and urinary phosphate, as well as serum parathormone, showed no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION Given an equivalent bioavailability of calcium in all test products, neither a high concentration of SO42- or of HCO3 influenced the bioavailability of calcium. Accordingly, the use of mineral water with high concentrations of calcium constitutes a calorie-free calcium source that can improve calcium supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Greupner
- a Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - Inga Schneider
- a Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- a Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The kidneys play a critical role in the balance between the internal milieu and external environment. Kidney failure is known to disrupt a number of homeostatic mechanisms that control serum calcium and normal bone metabolism. However, our understanding of calcium balance throughout the stages of chronic kidney disease is limited and the concept of balance itself, especially with a cation as complex as calcium, is often misunderstood. Both negative and positive calcium balance have important implications in patients with chronic kidney disease, where negative balance may increase risk of osteoporosis and fracture and positive balance may increase risk of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events. Here, we examine the state of current knowledge about calcium balance in adults throughout the stages of chronic kidney disease and discuss recommendations for clinical strategies to maintain balance as well as future research needs in this area. RECENT FINDINGS Recent calcium balance studies in adult patients with chronic kidney disease show that neutral calcium balance is achieved with calcium intake near the recommended daily allowance. Increases in calcium through diet or supplements cause high positive calcium balance, which may put patients at risk for vascular calcification. However, heterogeneity in calcium balance exists among these patients. Given the available calcium balance data in this population, it appears clinically prudent to aim for recommended calcium intakes around 1000 mg/day to achieve neutral calcium balance and avoid adverse effects of either negative or positive calcium balance. Assessment of patients' dietary calcium intake could further equip clinicians to make individualized recommendations for meeting recommended intakes.
Collapse
|
154
|
Purdue-Smithe AC, Whitcomb BW, Szegda KL, Boutot ME, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, Rosner BA, Troy LM, Michels KB, Bertone-Johnson ER. Vitamin D and calcium intake and risk of early menopause. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1493-1501. [PMID: 28490509 PMCID: PMC5445672 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.145607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early menopause, defined as the cessation of ovarian function before the age of 45 y, affects ∼10% of women and is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and other conditions. Few modifiable risk factors for early menopause have been identified, but emerging data suggest that high vitamin D intake may reduce risk.Objective: We evaluated how intakes of vitamin D and calcium are associated with the incidence of early menopause in the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (NHS2).Design: Intakes of vitamin D and calcium from foods and supplements were measured every 4 y with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. Cases of incident early menopause were identified from all participants who were premenopausal at baseline in 1991; over 1.13 million person-years, 2041 women reported having natural menopause before the age of 45 y. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate relations between intakes of vitamin D and calcium and incident early menopause while accounting for potential confounding factors.Results: After adjustment for age, smoking, and other factors, women with the highest intake of dietary vitamin D (quintile median: 528 IU/d) had a significant 17% lower risk of early menopause than women with the lowest intake [quintile median: 148 IU/d; HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.95); P-trend = 0.03]. Dietary calcium intake in the highest quintile (median: 1246 mg/d) compared with the lowest (median: 556 mg/d) was associated with a borderline significantly lower risk of early menopause (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.00; P-trend = 0.03). Associations were stronger for vitamin D and calcium from dairy sources than from nondairy dietary sources, whereas high supplement use was not associated with lower risk.Conclusions: Findings suggest that high intakes of dietary vitamin D and calcium may be modestly associated with a lower risk of early menopause. Further studies evaluating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, other dairy constituents, and early menopause are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and,Departments of Epidemiology and
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and,Channing Division of Network Medicine and,Departments of Epidemiology and
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa M Troy
- Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and,Departments of Epidemiology and
| | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Soares MJ, Pannu PK, Calton EK, Reid CM, Hills AP. Vitamin D status and calcium intake in systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: An update on current evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
156
|
Building better bones in childhood: a randomized controlled study to test the efficacy of a dietary intervention program to increase calcium intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:788-794. [PMID: 28225052 PMCID: PMC5462896 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Many children do not consume the recommended daily allowance of calcium. Inadequate calcium intake in childhood may limit bone accrual. The objective of this study was to determine if a behavioral modification and nutritional education (BM-NE) intervention improved dietary calcium intake and bone accrual in children. Subjects/Methods 139 (86 female) healthy children, 7–10 years of age, were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial conducted over 36 months. Participants randomized to the BM-NE intervention attended five sessions over a six-week period designed to increase calcium intake to 1500 mg/day. Participants randomized to the usual care (UC) group received a single nutritional counseling session. The Calcium Counts© Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess calcium intake; DXA was used to assess areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). Longitudinal mixed effects models were used to assess for an effect of the intervention on calcium intake, BMC and aBMD. Results BM-NE participants had greater increases in calcium intake that persisted for 12 months following the intervention compared to UC. The intervention had no effect on BMC or aBMD accrual. Secondary analyses found a negative association between calcium intake and adiposity such that greater calcium intake was associated with lesser gains in BMI and fat mass index. Conclusions A family-centered BM-NE intervention program in healthy children was successful in increasing calcium intake for up to 12 months but had no effect on bone accrual. A beneficial relationship between calcium intake and adiposity was observed and warrants future study.
Collapse
|
157
|
Andrews KW, Roseland JM, Gusev PA, Palachuvattil J, Dang PT, Savarala S, Han F, Pehrsson PR, Douglass LW, Dwyer JT, Betz JM, Saldanha LG, Bailey RL. Analytical ingredient content and variability of adult multivitamin/mineral products: national estimates for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:526-539. [PMID: 27974309 PMCID: PMC5267296 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.134544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multivitamin/mineral products (MVMs) are the dietary supplements most commonly used by US adults. During manufacturing, some ingredients are added in amounts exceeding the label claims to compensate for expected losses during the shelf life. Establishing the health benefits and harms of MVMs requires accurate estimates of nutrient intake from MVMs based on measures of actual rather than labeled ingredient amounts. OBJECTIVES Our goals were to determine relations between analytically measured and labeled ingredient content and to compare adult MVM composition with Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. DESIGN Adult MVMs were purchased while following a national sampling plan and chemically analyzed for vitamin and mineral content with certified reference materials in qualified laboratories. For each ingredient, predicted mean percentage differences between analytically obtained and labeled amounts were calculated with the use of regression equations. RESULTS For 12 of 18 nutrients, most products had labeled amounts at or above RDAs. The mean measured content of all ingredients (except thiamin) exceeded labeled amounts (overages). Predicted mean percentage differences exceeded labeled amounts by 1.5-13% for copper, manganese, magnesium, niacin, phosphorus, potassium, folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamins B-12, C, and E, and by ∼25% for selenium and iodine, regardless of labeled amount. In contrast, thiamin, vitamin B-6, calcium, iron, and zinc had linear or quadratic relations between the labeled and percentage differences, with ranges from -6.5% to 8.6%, -3.5% to 21%, 7.1% to 29.3%, -0.5% to 16.4%, and -1.9% to 8.1%, respectively. Analytically adjusted ingredient amounts are linked to adult MVMs reported in the NHANES 2003-2008 via the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (http://dsid.usda.nih.gov) to facilitate more accurate intake quantification. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin and mineral overages were measured in adult MVMs, most of which already meet RDAs. Therefore, nutrient overexposures from supplements combined with typical food intake may have unintended health consequences, although this would require further examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD;
| | - Janet M Roseland
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pavel A Gusev
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Joel Palachuvattil
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Phuong T Dang
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Sushma Savarala
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Fei Han
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Joseph M Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and,Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Trevisan C, Veronese N, Berton L, Carraro S, Bolzetta F, De Rui M, Miotto F, Inelmen EM, Coin A, Perissinotto E, Manzato E, Sergi G. Factors Influencing Serum-Hydroxivitamin D Levels and Other Bone Metabolism Parameters in Healthy Older Women. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:131-135. [PMID: 28112766 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older women have frequently low serum 25-hydroxivitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations, high parathormone (PTH) levels and low bone mineral density (BMD) values. Endogenous synthesis, dietary habits, sunlight exposure and fat-mass-mediated storage may influence 25(OH)D levels and bone metabolism, but the relevance of these factors in the elderly has yet to be fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the influence of dietary vitamin D intake and fat mass on serum 25(OH)D levels and bone metabolism in older women. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS 218 fit older women attending a biweekly mild fitness program. MEASUREMENTS Dietary habits was investigated through a 3-day record questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D and intact parathormone (PTH) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and by a 2-step immunoradiometric assay, respectively. BMD and body composition were estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with fan-beam technology. RESULTS Only fat mass showed a significant negative association with 25(OH)D (β=-3.76, p<0.001), and positive associations with whole body, lumbar, femoral neck and total hip BMD. Binary logistic analysis revealed a protective effect of adiposity on secondary hyperparathyroidism (OR=0.42, 95%CI:0.19-0.92, p=0.03). Dietary vitamin D intake was not associated to any of these outcomes. CONCLUSION Fat mass has a greater influence on serum 25(OH)D than dietary vitamin D intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Trevisan
- Nicola Veronese, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy, Phone: +390498218492; Fax: +390498211218,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
159
|
Zengin A, Fulford AJ, Sawo Y, Jarjou LM, Schoenmakers I, Goldberg G, Prentice A, Ward KA. The Gambian Bone and Muscle Ageing Study: Baseline Data from a Prospective Observational African Sub-Saharan Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:219. [PMID: 28912754 PMCID: PMC5583153 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gambian Bone and Muscle Ageing Study is a prospective observational study investigating bone and muscle ageing in men and women from a poor, subsistence farming community of The Gambia, West Africa. Musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoporosis and sarcopenia, form a major part of the current global non-communicable disease burden. By 2050, the vast majority of the world's ageing population will live in low- and middle-income countries with an estimated two-fold rise in osteoporotic fracture. The study design was to characterise change in bone and muscle outcomes and to identify possible preventative strategies for fracture and sarcopenia in the increasing ageing population. Men and women aged ≥40 years from the Kiang West region of The Gambia were recruited with stratified sampling by sex and age. Baseline measurements were completed in 488 participants in 2012 who were randomly assigned to follow-up between 1.5 and 2 years later. Follow-up measurements were performed on 465 participants approximately 1.7 years after baseline measurements. The data set comprises a wide range of measurements on bone, muscle strength, anthropometry, biochemistry, and dietary intake. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on health, lifestyle, musculoskeletal pain, and reproductive status. Baseline cross-sectional data show preliminary evidence for bone mineral density and muscle loss with age. Men had greater negative differences in total body lean mass with age than women following adjustments for body size. From peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans, greater negative associations between bone outcomes and age at the radius and tibia were shown in women than in men. Ultimately, the findings from The Gambian Bone and Muscle Ageing Study will contribute to the understanding of musculoskeletal health in a transitioning population and better characterise fracture and sarcopenia incidence in The Gambia with an aim to the development of preventative strategies against both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Zengin
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Fulford
- International Nutritional Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yankuba Sawo
- Calcium, Vitamin D and Bone Health Group at MRC Unit The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Landing M. Jarjou
- Calcium, Vitamin D and Bone Health Group at MRC Unit The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Inez Schoenmakers
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Goldberg
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Calcium, Vitamin D and Bone Health Group at MRC Unit The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Ann Prentice
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Calcium, Vitamin D and Bone Health Group at MRC Unit The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Kate A. Ward
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kate A. Ward,
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Low vitamin D deficiency in Irish toddlers despite northerly latitude and a high prevalence of inadequate intakes. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:783-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
161
|
Cluskey M, Wong SS, Richards R, Ballejos M, Reicks M, Auld G, Boushey C, Bruhn C, Misner S, Olson B, Zaghloul S. Dietary sources of calcium among parents and their early adolescent children in the United States by parent race/ethnicity and place of birth. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:432-40. [PMID: 25700965 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary calcium sources may differ by race/ethnicity and dietary acculturation. A cross-sectional, convenience sample including 587 United States (US) Asian, Hispanic and non-Hispanic White parent-child (10-13 years) pairs completed a calcium food frequency questionnaire. Calcium sources were ranked by mean percent contribution to total adjusted calcium intake, and compared by ethnic group and parents' location of birth. Five foods (fluid milk, cheese, milk on cereal, yogurt, and lattes) represented 49% of total calcium intake for parents. The same foods (except lattes) represented 55% of total calcium for early adolescent children. Fluid milk provided the largest mean percentage of intake for all race/ethnic groups among parents and children. Several food sources of calcium were greater for foreign-born versus US-born Asian or Hispanic parents and children. Understanding calcium food sources and changes in dietary patterns that affect calcium intake among parents and children is important to better promote adequate intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Cluskey
- Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 200 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
162
|
Muñoz-Aguirre P, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Flores M, Salazar-Martínez E, Salmerón J. High Vitamin D Consumption Is Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in an Urban Mexican Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166869. [PMID: 27893863 PMCID: PMC5125681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is a major global public health problem. Recent epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between vitamin D and multiple outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. However, this evidence is limited and inconclusive. Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and cardiovascular disease risk in adult Mexican population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with the baseline data from 6294 men and women aged 20–80 years participating in the Health Workers Cohort Study. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical history factors were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated by using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Cardiovascular disease risk was calculated using a recalibration of the Framingham heart disease prediction score. To evaluate the association between vitamin D intake and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 6294 subjects (1820 men and 4474 women) with a mean age of 42 years, were included. Of these, subjects in the highest quintile of vitamin D intake presented lower levels of triglycerides 14.6 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.001); 2.0 cm less in waist circumference (P for trend = 0.001) and 0.8 points less in the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score (P for trend = 0.002) compared with the subjects in the lower quintile of vitamin D intake. Additionally, participants in the highest quintile of vitamin D consumption were less likely to develop elevated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.33, 0.77; P for trend = 0.007). Conclusion Our data suggest that higher consumption of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in Mexican population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Mario Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Eduardo Salazar-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Osteoporosis Preventive Practice Between Veteran and Nonveteran Older Adults: Findings From Patient-Reported Data. Orthop Nurs 2016; 35:401-410. [PMID: 27851678 DOI: 10.1097/nor.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterans are prone to bone-related illnesses due to multiple risk factors such as prior injuries. The aim of this study was to compare trends in osteoporosis preventive practices between veteran and nonveteran older adults. METHODS This was a secondary data analysis using selected baseline data and discussion postings from an online bone health trial including participants (N = 866) recruited from My HealtheVet (MHV) and SeniorNet (SN). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, parametric statistics, and content analysis. FINDINGS Overall, MHV participants were younger and included more men than SN participants. However, they reported higher rates of bone health issues, spent less time exercising, took fewer calcium and vitamin D supplements, and were less likely to discuss bone health with their care providers. More MHV participants discussed pain and disability as barriers to bone health behaviors and fear of deteriorating health as motivators. In addition, more MHV participants found that participating in the original study was helpful for changing health behaviors. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings suggest a disparity in bone health between veterans and nonveterans and a significant potential for using eHealth programs for veterans.
Collapse
|
164
|
Micronutrient intake in advanced age: Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ). Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1754-1769. [PMID: 27825397 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A high prevalence of undernutrition has previously been reported in indigenous Māori (49 %) and non-Māori (38 %) octogenarians and may be associated with risk of micronutrient deficiencies. We examined vitamin and mineral intakes and the contributing food sources among 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori participating in Life and Living to Advanced age a Cohort Study in New Zealand, using a repeat 24-h multiple-pass recall. More than half of the Māori and non-Māori participants had intakes below the estimated average requirement from food alone for Ca, Mg and Se. Vitamin B6 (Māori women only), folate (women only), vitamin E (Māori women; all men) and Zn (men only) were low in these ethnic and sex subgroups. Women had intakes of higher nutrient density in folate, vitamin C, Ca, Mg, K, vitamin A (non-Māori) and β-carotene (Māori) compared with men (P<0·05). When controlling for age and physical function, β-carotene, folate, vitamin C, Ca and Mg were no longer significantly different, but vitamins B2, B12, E and D, Fe, Na, Se and Zn became significantly different for Māori between men and women. When controlling for age and physical function, vitamins A and C and Ca were no longer significantly different, but vitamin B2, Fe, Na and Zn became significantly different for non-Māori between men and women. For those who took nutritional supplements, Māori were less likely to be deficient in food alone intake of vitamin A, folate and Mg, whereas non-Maori were less likely to be deficient in intakes of Mg, K and Zn, but more likely to be deficient in vitamin B12 intake. A lack of harmonisation in nutrient recommendations hinders the interpretation of nutrient adequacy; nonetheless, Ca, Mg and Se are key micronutrients of concern. Milk and cheese were important contributions to Ca intake, whereas bread was a key source of Mg and Se. Examination of dietary intake related to biochemical status and health outcomes will establish the utility of these observations.
Collapse
|
165
|
Jung ME, Latimer-Cheung AE, Bourne JE, Martin Ginis KA. Targeted Messages Increase Dairy Consumption in Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Behav Med 2016; 51:57-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
166
|
Desmarchelier C, Borel P, Goncalves A, Kopec R, Nowicki M, Morange S, Lesavre N, Portugal H, Reboul E. A Combination of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Is Associated with Interindividual Variability in Cholecalciferol Bioavailability in Healthy Men. J Nutr 2016; 146:2421-2428. [PMID: 27798339 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.237115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people require dietary vitamin D to achieve the recommended concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in the blood. However, the response to vitamin D supplementation is highly variable among individuals. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether the variability in cholecalciferol bioavailability was associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes. METHODS In a single-group design, 39 healthy adult men with a mean ± SD age of 33 ± 2 y and mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2) of 22.9 ± 0.3 were genotyped with the use of whole-genome microarrays. After an overnight fast, plasma 25(OH)D status was measured, and the subjects then consumed a meal that provided 5 mg cholecalciferol as a supplement. Plasma chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration was measured over 8 h, and cholecalciferol response was assessed by calculating the postprandial area under the curve. Partial least squares regression was used to test the association of SNPs in or near candidate genes (61 genes representing 3791 SNPs) with the postprandial cholecalciferol response. RESULTS The postprandial chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration peaked at 5.4 h. The cholecalciferol response was extremely variable among individuals (CV: 47%). It correlated with the chylomicron triglyceride (TG) response (r = 0.60; P < 0.001) but not with the fasting plasma 25(OH)D concentration (r = 0.04; P = 0.83). A significant (P = 1.32 × 10-4) partial least squares regression model that included 17 SNPs in 13 genes (including 5 that have been associated with chylomicron TG response) was associated with the variance in the cholecalciferol response. CONCLUSION In healthy men, there is a high interindividual variability in cholecalciferol bioavailability that is associated with a combination of SNPs located in or near genes involved in both vitamin D and lipid metabolism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02100774.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Desmarchelier
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borel
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France;
| | | | - Rachel Kopec
- National Institute for Agricultural Research, Avignon, France.,Security and Quality of Plant Products, University of Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Marion Nowicki
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Morange
- Clinical Investigation Centre, Conception Hospital, Marseille, France; and
| | - Nathalie Lesavre
- Clinical Investigation Centre, North Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Henri Portugal
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Reboul
- NORT Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk, Aix-Marseille University, INRA National Institute for Agricultural Research, INSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
No difference in acute effects of supplementalv.dietary calcium on blood pressure and microvascular function in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal: a cross-over randomised study. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1564-1572. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent studies suggest that supplemental Ca (SC) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, whereas dietary Ca (DC) decreases the risk of cardiovascular events. Although frequently consumed with meals, it remains unclear whether Ca can mitigate or aggravate the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal on cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC or DC on blood pressure (BP) and microvascular function (MVF) in the postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal. In this cross-over controlled trial, sixteen obese women aged 20–50 years were randomly assigned to receive three test meals (2908 kJ (695 kcal); 48 % fat): high DC (HDCM; 547 mg DC), high SC (HSCM; 500 mg SC–calcium carbonate) and low Ca (LCM; 42 mg DC). BP was continuously evaluated from 15 min before to 120 min after meals by digital photoplethysmography. Before and 120 min after meals, participants underwent evaluation of serum Ca and microvascular flow after postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) by laser speckle contrast imaging. Ionised serum Ca rose significantly only after HSCM. Systolic BP increased after the three meals, whereas diastolic BP increased after LCM and HDCM. Hyperaemia peak, hyperaemia amplitude and AUC evaluated after PORH decreased with LCM. After HDCM, there was a reduction in hyperaemia peak and hyperaemia amplitude, whereas HSCM decreased only hyperaemia peak. However, comparative analyses of the effects of three test meals on serum Ca, BP and MVF revealed no significant meal×time interaction. This study suggests that in obese women SC and DC do not interfere with the effects of a high-fat meal on BP and MVF.
Collapse
|
168
|
Anderson JJB, Kruszka B, Delaney JAC, He K, Burke GL, Alonso A, Bild DE, Budoff M, Michos ED. Calcium Intake From Diet and Supplements and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification and its Progression Among Older Adults: 10-Year Follow-up of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003815. [PMID: 27729333 PMCID: PMC5121484 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent randomized data suggest that calcium supplements may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Using a longitudinal cohort study, we assessed the association between calcium intake, from both foods and supplements, and atherosclerosis, as measured by coronary artery calcification (CAC). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 5448 adults free of clinically diagnosed CVD (52% female; aged 45-84 years) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Baseline total calcium intake was assessed from diet (using a food frequency questionnaire) and calcium supplements (by a medication inventory) and categorized into quintiles. Baseline CAC was measured by computed tomography, and CAC measurements were repeated in 2742 participants ≈10 years later. At baseline, mean calcium intakes across quintiles were 313.3, 540.3, 783.0, 1168.9, and 2157.4 mg/day. Women had higher calcium intakes than men. After adjustment for potential confounders, among 1567 participants without baseline CAC, the relative risk (RR) of developing incident CAC over 10 years, by quintile 1 to 5 of calcium intake, were 1 (reference), 0.95 (0.79-1.14), 1.02 (0.85-1.23), 0.86 (0.69-1.05), and 0.73 (0.57-0.93). After accounting for total calcium intake, calcium supplement use was associated with increased risk for incident CAC (RR=1.22 [1.07-1.39]). No relation was found between baseline calcium intake and 10-year changes in log-transformed CAC among those participants with baseline CAC >0. CONCLUSIONS High total calcium intake was associated with a decreased risk of incident atherosclerosis over long-term follow-up, particularly if achieved without supplement use. However, calcium supplement use may increase the risk for incident CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J B Anderson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bridget Kruszka
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Gregory L Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Diane E Bild
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Ahluwalia N, Herrick KA, Rossen LM, Rhodes D, Kit B, Moshfegh A, Dodd KW. Usual nutrient intakes of US infants and toddlers generally meet or exceed Dietary Reference Intakes: findings from NHANES 2009-2012. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1167-1174. [PMID: 27629049 PMCID: PMC6443261 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.137752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, few studies have described the usual nutrient intakes of US children aged <2 y or assessed the nutrient adequacy of their diets relative to the recommended Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). OBJECTIVE We estimated the usual nutrient intake of US children aged 6-23 mo examined in NHANES 2009-2012 and compared them to age-specific DRIs as applicable. DESIGN Dietary intake was assessed with two 24-h recalls for infants aged 6-11 mo (n = 381) and toddlers aged 12-23 mo (n = 516) with the use of the USDA's Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Estimates of usual nutrient intakes from food and beverages were obtained with the use of the National Cancer Institute method. The proportions of children with intakes below and above the DRI were also estimated. RESULTS The estimated usual intakes of infants were adequate for most nutrients; however, 10% had an iron intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and only 21% had a vitamin D intake that met or exceeded the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). More nutrient inadequacies were noted among toddlers; 1 in 4 had a lower-than-recommended fat intake (percentage of energy), and most had intakes that were below the EAR for vitamins E (82%) and D (74%). Few toddlers (<1%) met or exceeded the AI for fiber and potassium. In contrast, 1 in 2 had sodium intakes that exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL); ≥16% and 41% of the children had excessive intakes (greater than the ULs) of vitamin A and zinc, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The estimated usual intakes of infants were adequate for most nutrients. Most toddlers were at risk for inadequate intakes of vitamins D and E and had diets low in fiber and potassium. The sources contributing to excessive intakes of vitamin A and zinc among infants and toddlers may need further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren M Rossen
- Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD
| | - Donna Rhodes
- Food Surveys Research Group, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Brian Kit
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
170
|
Raffield L, Agarwal S, Hsu F, de Boer I, Ix J, Siscovick D, Szklo M, Burke G, Frazier-Wood A, Herrington D. The association of calcium supplementation and incident cardiovascular events in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:899-907. [PMID: 27514606 PMCID: PMC5026586 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many US adults use calcium supplements to address inadequate dietary intake and improve bone health. However, recent reports have suggested that use of calcium supplements may elevate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In this study, we examined associations between baseline calcium supplement use and incident myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 208 events) and CVD events (n = 641 events) over 10.3 years in men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort (n = 6236), with dietary calcium intake at baseline also examined as a supplementary objective. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Cox proportional hazards models, no compelling associations between calcium intake from supplements or diet and incident CVD events were observed upon multivariate adjustment for potential confounders. An association with lower MI risk was observed comparing those with low levels of calcium supplement use (1-499 mg) to those using no calcium supplements (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.48, 0.98, p = 0.039). Relationships were homogeneous by gender, race/ethnicity, or chronic kidney disease. Results were also similar when the analysis was limited to postmenopausal women only. CONCLUSION Analysis of incident MI and CVD events in the MESA cohort does not support a substantial association of calcium supplement use with negative cardiovascular outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L.M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - S. Agarwal
- Department of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - F.C. Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - I.H. de Boer
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J.H. Ix
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | - M. Szklo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - G.L. Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - A.C. Frazier-Wood
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - D.M. Herrington
- Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Abstract
Serum phosphorus levels stay relatively constant through the influence of multiple factors-such as parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, and vitamin D-on the kidney, bone, and digestive system. Whereas normal serum phosphorus ranges between 3 mg/dL to 4.5 mg/dL, large cross-sectional studies have shown that even people with normal kidney function are sometimes found to have levels ranging between 1.6 mg/dL and 6.2 mg/dL. While this may partially be due to diet and the factors mentioned above, total understanding of these atypical ranges of serum phosphorus remains uncertain. Risks for bone disease are high in people aged 50 and older, and this group comprises a large proportion of people who also have chronic kidney disease. Consuming diets low in calcium and high in phosphorus, especially foods with phosphate additives, further exacerbates bone turnover. Existing bone disease increases the risk for high serum phosphorus, and higher serum phosphorus has been associated with increased adverse events and cardiovascular-related mortality both in people with chronic kidney disease and in those with no evidence of disease. Once kidney function has deteriorated to end-stage disease (Stage 5), maintaining normal serum phosphorus requires dietary restrictions, phosphate-binding medications, and dialysis. Even so, normal serum phosphorus remains elusive in many patients with Stage 5 kidney disease, and researchers are testing novel targets that may inhibit intestinal transport of phosphorus to achieve better phosphate control. Protecting and monitoring bone health should also aid in controlling serum phosphorus as kidney disease advances.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Bone Remodeling
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/physiopathology
- Chelating Agents/therapeutic use
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/epidemiology
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/metabolism
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/physiopathology
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/therapy
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Intestinal Absorption
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
- Male
- Phosphorus, Dietary/administration & dosage
- Phosphorus, Dietary/blood
- Phosphorus, Dietary/metabolism
- Prevalence
- Recommended Dietary Allowances
- Renal Dialysis
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
- Risk Factors
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
|
172
|
Sánchez-Pimienta TG, López-Olmedo N, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, García-Guerra A, Rivera JA, Carriquiry AL, Villalpando S. High Prevalence of Inadequate Calcium and Iron Intakes by Mexican Population Groups as Assessed by 24-Hour Recalls. J Nutr 2016; 146:1874S-80S. [PMID: 27511935 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.227074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) conducted in Mexico in 1999 identified a high prevalence of inadequate mineral intakes in the population by using 24-h recall questionnaires. However, the 1999 survey did not adjust for within-person variance. The 2012 ENSANUT implemented a more up-to-date 24-h recall methodology to estimate usual intake distributions and prevalence of inadequate intakes. OBJECTIVE We examined the distribution of usual intakes and prevalences of inadequate intakes of calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc in the Mexican population in groups defined according to sex, rural or urban area, geographic region of residence, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS We used dietary intake data obtained through the 24-h recall automated multiple-pass method for 10,886 subjects as part of ENSANUT 2012. A second measurement on a nonconsecutive day was obtained for 9% of the sample. Distributions of usual intakes of the 4 minerals were obtained by using the Iowa State University method, and the prevalence of inadequacy was estimated by using the Institute of Medicine's Estimated Average Requirement cutoff. RESULTS Calcium inadequacy was 25.6% in children aged 1-4 y and 54.5-88.1% in subjects >5 y old. More than 45% of subjects >5 y old had an inadequate intake of iron. Less than 5% of children aged <12 y and 25-35% of subjects aged >12 y had inadequate intakes of magnesium, whereas zinc inadequacy ranged from <10% in children aged <12 y to 21.6% in men aged ≥20 y. Few differences were found between rural and urban areas, regions, and tertiles of SES. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc are inadequate in the Mexican population, especially among adolescents and adults. These results suggest a public health concern that must be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Armando García-Guerra
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | | | - Salvador Villalpando
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Jakeman SA, Henry CN, Martin BR, McCabe GP, McCabe LD, Jackson GS, Peacock M, Weaver CM. Soluble corn fiber increases bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women in a dose-dependent manner: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:837-43. [PMID: 27465372 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.132761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary soluble corn fiber (SCF) significantly improves calcium absorption in adolescents and the bone strength and architecture in rodent models. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine the skeletal benefits of SCF in postmenopausal women. DESIGN We used our novel technology of determining bone calcium retention by following the urinary appearance of (41)Ca, a rare long-lived radioisotope, from prelabeled bone to rapidly and sensitively evaluate the effectiveness of SCF in reducing bone loss. A randomized-order, crossover, double-blinded trial was performed in 14 healthy postmenopausal women to compare doses of 0, 10, and 20 g fiber from SCF/d for 50 d. RESULTS A dose-response effect was shown with 10 and 20 g fiber from SCF/d, whereby bone calcium retention was improved by 4.8% (P < 0.05) and 7% (P < 0.04), respectively. The bone turnover biomarkers N-terminal telopeptide and osteocalcin were not changed by the interventions; however, a significant increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, which is a bone-formation marker, was detected between 0 and 20 g fiber from SCF/d (8%; P = 0.035). CONCLUSION Daily SCF consumption significantly increased bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women, which improved the bone calcium balance by an estimated 50 mg/d. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02416947.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - George S Jackson
- Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; and
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | | |
Collapse
|
174
|
Jampolis MB, Rothkopf MM, Li Z, Diamond SJ, Allen K, Abdelhadi RA, Kahana DD, McClave SA. Principles of Healthful Eating. Curr Nutr Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
175
|
Langman CB, Grujic D, Pease RM, Easter L, Nezzer J, Margolin A, Brettman L. A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Phase 1 Cross-Over Study with ALLN-177, an Orally Administered Oxalate Degrading Enzyme. Am J Nephrol 2016; 44:150-8. [PMID: 27529510 DOI: 10.1159/000448766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperoxaluria may result from increased endogenous production or overabsorption of dietary oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract leading to nephrolithiasis and, in some, to oxalate nephropathy and chronic kidney disease. ALLN-177 is an oral formulation of a recombinant, oxalate specific, microbial enzyme oxalate decarboxylase intended to treat secondary hyperoxaluria by degrading dietary oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing its absorption and subsequent excretion in the urine. METHODS This double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized, cross-over, phase 1 study of ALLN-177 evaluated the tolerability of ALLN-177 and its effect on urinary oxalate excretion in 30 healthy volunteers with hyperoxaluria induced by ingestion of a high oxalate, low calcium (HOLC) diet. The primary end point was the difference in the mean 24-hour urinary oxalate excretion during the ALLN-177 treatment period compared with the placebo treatment period. RESULTS The daily urinary oxalate excretion increased in the study population from 27.2 ± 9.5 mg/day during screening to 80.8 ± 24.1 mg/day (mean ± SD) on the HOLC diet before introducing ALLN-177 or placebo therapy for 7 days. Compared to placebo, ALLN-177 treatment reduced urinary oxalate by 11.6 ± 2.7 mg/day, p = 0.0002 (least squares mean ± SD). CONCLUSIONS In healthy volunteers, with diet-induced hyperoxaluria treatment with ALLN-177, when compared to placebo, significantly reduced urinary oxalate excretion by degrading dietary oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reducing its absorption. ALLN-177 may represent a new approach for managing secondary hyperoxaluria and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Langman
- Division of Kidney Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
176
|
Zhang X, Keum N, Wu K, Smith-Warner SA, Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL. Calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk: Results from the nurses' health study and health professionals follow-up study. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2232-42. [PMID: 27466215 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between calcium intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconclusive. We conducted this study to evaluate whether the association between calcium intake and CRC risk differs by anatomic subsite and determine the dose-response relationship for this association, as well as assess when in carcinogenesis calcium may play a role. We assessed calcium intake every 4 years and followed 88,509 women (1980-2012) in the Nurses' Health Study and 47,740 men (1986-2012) in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. We documented 3,078 incident CRC cases. Total calcium intake (≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d) was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of colon cancer (multivariable relative risk: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.65-0.95). Similar results were observed by different sources of calcium (from all foods or dairy products only). The inverse association was linear and suggestively stronger for distal colon cancer (0.65, 0.43-0.99) than for proximal colon cancer (0.94, 0.72-1.22, p-common effects = 0.14). Additionally, when comparing different latencies, the overall pattern suggested that the inverse association appeared to be stronger with increasing latency and was strongest for intakes 12-16 years before diagnosis. Comparing total calcium intakes of ≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d for intake 12-16 y before diagnosis, the pooled RR (95% CIs) of CRC was 0.76 (0.64-0.91). Higher calcium intake was associated with a lower risk of developing colon cancer, especially for distal colon cancer. Overall inverse association was linear and did not differ by intake source. Additionally, calcium intake approximately 10 years before diagnosis appeared to be associated with a lower risk of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Stopsack KH, Greenberg AJ, Mucci LA. Common medications and prostate cancer mortality: a review. World J Urol 2016; 35:875-882. [PMID: 27492013 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Most prostate cancer patients also have comorbidities that are treated with both prescription and nonprescription medications; furthermore, many use dietary supplements. We assess their association with prognosis after prostate cancer diagnosis, and we discuss methodological challenges and clinical implications. METHODS We reviewed high-quality observational studies investigating the association of commonly used medications and supplements with prostate cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS There is preliminary evidence that statins and metformin use may be associated with lower risk of cancer-specific mortality after prostate cancer diagnosis; conversely, high calcium and multivitamin supplementation may be associated with increased risk. Evidence is inconclusive for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), insulin, antihypertensives such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers, digoxin, and warfarin. Common limitations of the internal validity of studies examined include unmeasured confounding and confounding by indication, competing risks, and time-related biases such as immortal time bias. The majority of studies focused on Caucasian men with specific comorbidities, while heterogeneity among patients and tumors was mostly not assessed. CONCLUSIONS Commonly prescribed medications and over-the-counter supplements may influence prognosis among prostate cancer patients. Further well-designed pharmacoepidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials of selected medications in appropriate patient groups are necessary before these drugs can bear new indications for prostate cancer treatment. We discuss considerations when deciding about use of these drugs in clinical practice at the present time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | | | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Shea RL, Berg JD. Self-administration of vitamin D supplements in the general public may be associated with high 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 54:355-361. [PMID: 27422135 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216662073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Our dried blood spot vitamin D testing service enables members of the public to assess their vitamin D status. Vitamin D has become popular with the media and the general public. We noticed that our direct access service had a higher rate of high to toxic 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared with our GP population and we wanted to know why. Methods Between January 2013 and September 2015 we contacted all direct access users who had 25-hydroxyvitamin D >220 nmol/L measured using LC/MS/MS. We investigated the amount, type and length of supplementation used and whether or not users were medically supervised. Results A total of 372 service users had 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations >220 nmol/L. Of 14,806 direct access samples received, 372 (2.5%) were from users with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ranging from 221 to 1235 nmol/L. Only 0.06% of GP patients had results >220 nmol/L over the same time frame. There were 361 direct access users regularly supplementing, taking between 1000 to 120,000 IU/day. Two users took bolus doses of 300,000 and 900,000 IU. Only 23 users taking supplements (6.4%) were under medical supervision. There were 28 users with levels >500 nmol/L, but only one was under medical supervision. The internet was the main source of supplements (74%). Conclusions The proportion of high to toxic concentrations of vitamin D was higher in direct access users than in the GP population. Many people were taking more than the Institute of Medicine's recommendation of 10,000 IU/day, yet only a few were being medically supervised. Clinicians should be aware that patients may be self-administering very high concentrations of vitamin D, especially when investigating unexplained hypercalcaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Shea
- Clinical Biochemistry, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan D Berg
- Clinical Biochemistry, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Krupa-Kozak U, Drabińska N. Calcium in Gluten-Free Life: Health-Related and Nutritional Implications. Foods 2016; 5:E51. [PMID: 28231146 PMCID: PMC5302400 DOI: 10.3390/foods5030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium deficiency and metabolic bone diseases are a frequent co-morbidity of coeliac disease (CD). Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only effective treatment of CD. However, CD patients on the strict GFD consume less than the recommended amounts of calcium. In this review, the main etiological factors responsible for calcium deficiency in CD were presented. Additionally, the research on the application of calcium supplements in the gluten-free breadmaking was reviewed, and its effect on the technological and sensory properties of baked products was indicated. Calcium-fortified gluten-free products could increase the calcium content in the diet of CD patients, supplying the amount of calcium they need for prophylactic or therapeutic use. Apart from this, the consumption of the naturally GF products as well as functional ingredients beneficially affecting calcium absorption need to be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Krupa-Kozak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima St., 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima St., 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Whisner CM, Martin BR, Nakatsu CH, Story JA, MacDonald-Clarke CJ, McCabe LD, McCabe GP, Weaver CM. Soluble Corn Fiber Increases Calcium Absorption Associated with Shifts in the Gut Microbiome: A Randomized Dose-Response Trial in Free-Living Pubertal Females. J Nutr 2016; 146:1298-306. [PMID: 27281813 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.227256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble corn fiber (SCF; 12 g fiber/d) is shown to increase calcium absorption efficiency, associated with shifts in the gut microbiota in adolescent males and females who participated in a controlled feeding study. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the dose response of 0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d delivered by PROMITOR SCF 85 (85% fiber) on calcium absorption, biochemical bone properties, and the fecal microbiome in free-living adolescents. METHODS Healthy adolescent females (n = 28; aged 11-14 y) randomly assigned into a 3-phase, double-blind, crossover study consumed SCF for 4 wk at each dose (0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d from SCF) alongside their habitual diet and were followed by 3-d clinical visits and 3-wk washout periods. Stable isotope ((44)Ca and (43)Ca) enrichment in pooled urine was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fecal microbial community composition was assessed by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina) of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Mixed model ANOVA and Friedman analysis were used to determine effects of SCF on calcium absorption and to compare mean microbial proportions, respectively. RESULTS Calcium absorption increased significantly with 10 (13.3% ± 5.3%; P = 0.042) and 20 g fiber/d (12.9% ± 3.6%; P = 0.026) from SCF relative to control. Significant differences in fecal microbial community diversity were found after consuming SCF (operational taxonomic unit measures of 601.4 ± 83.5, 634.5 ± 83.8, and 649.6 ± 75.5 for 0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d, respectively; P < 0.05). Proportions of the genus Parabacteroides significantly increased with SCF dose (1.1% ± 0.8%, 2.1% ± 1.6%, and 3.0% ± 2.0% for 0, 10, and 20 g fiber/d from SCF, respectively; P < 0.05). Increases in calcium absorption positively correlated with increases in Clostridium (r = 0.44, P = 0.023) and unclassified Clostridiaceae (r = 0.40, P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS SCF, a nondigestible carbohydrate, increased calcium absorption in free-living adolescent females. Two groups of bacteria may be involved, one directly fermenting SCF and the second fermenting SCF metabolites further, thereby promoting increased calcium absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01660503.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrie M Whisner
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; and Departments of Nutrition Science
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
181
|
Lein DH, Turner L, Wilroy J. Evaluation of Three Osteoporosis Prevention Programs for Young Women: Application of the Health Belief Model. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2016.1178610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
182
|
Predictors of Vitamin D-Containing Supplement Use in the Australian Population and Associations between Dose and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060356. [PMID: 27338462 PMCID: PMC4924197 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite concerns about vitamin D deficiency in the Australian population, little is known about the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D-containing supplement use. We described the use of vitamin D-containing supplements, and investigated associations between supplemental vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, using a single 24-h dietary recall from the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey (n = 12,153; ages ≥ 2 years). Multiple regression models were used to investigate predictors of vitamin D-containing supplement use in adults, and associations between dose and serum 25(OH)D concentrations/vitamin D sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L), adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of vitamin D-containing supplement use was 10%, 6% and 19% in children, adolescents and adults, respectively. Predictors of vitamin D-containing supplement use in adults included being female, advancing age, higher educational attainment, higher socio-economic status, not smoking, and greater physical activity. After adjusting for potential confounders, a 40 IU (1 µg) increase in vitamin D intake from supplements was associated with an increase of 0.41 nmol/L in serum 25(OH)D concentrations (95% CI 0.35, 0.47; p < 0.001). However, the prevalence of vitamin D-containing supplement use was generally low in the Australian population, particularly for single vitamin D supplements, with most supplement users obtaining only low levels of vitamin D from other supplement types.
Collapse
|
183
|
Yoon DS, Lee YK, Ha YC, Kim HY. Inadequate Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D Intake in Patients with Osteoporotic Fracture. J Bone Metab 2016; 23:55-61. [PMID: 27294077 PMCID: PMC4900961 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2016.23.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake is a possible risk factor of osteoporosis. Our purposes were to estimate calcium and vitamin D intake in women with osteoporotic fractures, to determine associated factors for low calcium and vitamin D intake, and to evaluate the effects of calcium and vitamin D intake on bone mineral density (BMD). Methods This is a multicenter, hospital-based, and cross-sectional study involving 277 women with osteoporotic fractures. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were evaluated using the Korean Calcium Assessment Tool (KCAT) self-reported questionnaire. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Results Average daily calcium and vitamin D intake was 503.7±274.7 mg and 7.5±12.6 µg, respectively. Patients with low calcium intake had less family history of osteoporosis and were older. There was a negative correlation between age and calcium intake (r=-0.14; P=0.019). In multivariate analysis, calcium intake showed a positive correlation with BMD of femoral neck (β=0.0005, P=0.021). Conclusions About 80% of patients with osteoporotic fracture had calcium and vitamin D intake below the recommended dietary intake. Low calcium intake was associated with no family history of osteoporosis and older age. Dietary calcium intake showed positive effect on BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sik Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Feasibility of a clinical trial to assess the effect of dietary calcium v. supplemental calcium on vascular and bone markers in healthy postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:104-14. [PMID: 27181505 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Whether supplemental Ca has similar effects to dietary Ca on vascular and bone markers is unknown. The present trial investigated the feasibility of applying dietary and supplemental interventions in a randomised-controlled trial (RCT) aiming to estimate the effect of supplemental Ca as compared with dietary Ca on vascular and bone markers in postmenopausal women. In total, thirteen participants were randomised to a Ca supplement group (CaSuppl) (750 mg Ca from CaCO3+450 mg Ca from food+20 µg vitamin D supplement) or a Ca diet group (CaDiet) (1200 mg Ca from food+10 µg vitamin D supplement). Participants were instructed on Ca consumption targets at baseline. Monthly telephone follow-ups were conducted to assess adherence to interventions (±20 % of target total Ca) using the multiple-pass 24-h recall method and reported pill count. Measurements of arterial stiffness, peripheral blood pressure and body composition were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months in all participants who completed the trial (n 9). Blood and serum biomarkers were measured at baseline and at 12 months. Both groups were compliant to trial interventions (±20 % of target total Ca intake; pill count ≥80 %). CaSuppl participants maintained a significantly lower average dietary Ca intake compared with CaDiet participants throughout the trial (453 (sd 187) mg/d v. 1241 (sd 319) mg/d; P<0·001). There were no significant differences in selected vascular outcomes between intervention groups over time. Our pilot trial demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a large-scale RCT to estimate the differential effects of supplemental and dietary Ca on vascular and bone health markers in healthy postmenopausal women.
Collapse
|
185
|
Abstract
Bone and heart health are linked through a variety of cellular, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms, including the bidirectional effects of mineral-regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23. Nutrition plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and bone disease. This review describes current knowledge on the relations between the cardiovascular system and bone and the influence of key nutrients involved in mineral metabolism-calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus-on heart and bone health, as well as the racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and the influence that nutrition has on these disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Internal Medicine/Endocrine Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and
| | | | - Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Jung ME, Stork MJ, Stapleton J, Bourne JE, Martin Ginis KA. A systematic review of behavioural interventions to increase maternal calcium intake. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2016; 12:193-204. [PMID: 25536083 PMCID: PMC6860114 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are a time when adequate calcium consumption is essential for the development of the fetus and to ensure the health of the mother. Over 50% of Canadian women of childbearing and rearing age fail to meet the recommended daily intake of calcium. Identification of effective behavioural intervention strategies for increasing calcium intake is needed within this specific population. This paper brings together all published behavioural interventions designed to increase calcium consumption in pregnant, lactating or post-partum mothers in a systematic review. Relevant studies were obtained through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library with no date restrictions. Studies were evaluated using previously published criteria for evaluating calcium behaviour change interventions. This systematic literature review identified five behavioural calcium interventions conducted within this population. Three interventions aimed to improve overall dietary behaviours, the fourth aimed to promote breastfeeding (including increasing calcium consumption) and the fifth aimed to increase daily servings of yoghurt. Only one of the five interventions yielded large effect sizes, with a mean change of 954 mg of calcium per day post-intervention. The number of behavioural change techniques did not appear to be related to intervention efficacy. Only one study used a theoretical framework to guide the intervention. This review highlights the lack of research examining behaviour change interventions aimed at increasing calcium consumption in pregnant, lactating and post-partum women and provides practical suggestions for researchers wishing to intervene with this population in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Jung
- School of Health and Exercise SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Matthew J. Stork
- Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Jessica E. Bourne
- School of Health and Exercise SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | |
Collapse
|
187
|
Taylor CL, Roseland JM, Coates PM, Pehrsson PR. The Emerging Issue of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Foods. J Nutr 2016; 146:855-6. [PMID: 27037407 PMCID: PMC4807652 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.228510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Taylor
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
| | - Janet M Roseland
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
| | - Paul M Coates
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Lee S, Teschemaker AR, Daniel M, Maneno MK, Johnson AA, Wutoh AK, Lee E. Calcium and Vitamin D Use among Older Adults in U.S.: Results from National Survey. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:300-5. [PMID: 26892579 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to describe a 10-year trend of the supplement from 2000 to 2009 and to evaluate age, gender and racial disparities using a national level health data. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data collected from patient visit records to stand-alone US ambulatory care clinics. Visits made by men and women who were 40 years of age and older were included (n=175,830). MEASUREMENTS Overall prevalence of recorded calcium and vitamin D use for osteoporosis prevention and treatment, and annual visit rates were estimated by age, gender, race, insurance types, physician specialties, geographical regions, and metropolitan status using chi square test. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine potential predictive factors for calcium and vitamin D supplements. RESULTS An increase in yearly trend of calcium and vitamin D supplements was observed. The increase was proportional to patients' age (p<0.05) and female gender was a strong predictor of calcium and vitamin D supplement (p<0.0001).Visits made by blacks were significantly less likely to be associated with the supplement (<0.05). Visits associated with self-pay and Medicaid was less likely to be recorded with vitamin D (p<0.05) but not calcium supplements. Osteoporosis diagnosis was an independent predictor of calcium and vitamin D records (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In spite of the observed increases in the trend of visits associated with calcium and vitamin D supplements, variability in the access to the medications was observed. More focused strategies targeting elderly, men, or black population are needed to maintain and improve adequate calcium and vitamin D supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Euni Lee, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Associate Professor, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea, Telephone: +82-2-740-8588, Fax: +82-2-880-9122,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
189
|
Cashman KD, Kiely M, Seamans KM, Urbain P. Effect of Ultraviolet Light-Exposed Mushrooms on Vitamin D Status: Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Reanalysis of Biobanked Sera from a Randomized Controlled Trial and a Systematic Review plus Meta-Analysis. J Nutr 2016; 146:565-75. [PMID: 26865648 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.223784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trial (RCT) data on the response of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in healthy participants consuming UV light-exposed edible mushrooms are limited and mixed. OBJECTIVE The objective was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of responses of serum 25(OH)D [and serum 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, 25(OH)D2, and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 25(OH)D3, if available] to consumption of UV-exposed mushrooms by healthy participants. Biobanked sera from one RCT (originally analyzed by immunoassay) were reanalyzed by LC-MS/MS to generate serum 25(OH)D2 and serum 25(OH)D3 data. METHODS Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for RCTs of UV-exposed mushrooms and data on serum 25(OH)D. Studies were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted. Serum 25(OH)D data were re-analyzed by ANOVA and paired t tests. RESULTS Our structured search yielded 6 RCTs meeting our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of all 6 RCTs showed serum 25(OH)D was not significantly increased (P = 0.12) by UV-exposed mushrooms, but there was high heterogeneity (I(2) = 87%). Including only the 3 European-based RCTs [mean baseline 25(OH)D, 38.6 nmol/L], serum 25(OH)D was increased significantly by UV-exposed mushrooms [weighted mean difference (WMD): 15.2 nmol/L; 95% CI: 1.5, 28.8 nmol/L, P = 0.03, I(2) = 88%], whereas there was no significant effect in the 3 US-based RCTs [P = 0.83; mean baseline 25(OH)D: 81.5 nmol/L]. Analysis of serum 25(OH)D2 and serum 25(OH)D3 (n = 5 RCTs) revealed a statistically significant increase (WMD: 20.6 nmol/L; 95% CI: 8.0, 33.3 nmol/L, P = 0.001, I(2 =) 99%) and decrease (WMD: -13.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: -15.8, -10.7 nmol/L, P < 0.00001, I(2) = 0%) after supplementation with UV-exposed mushrooms. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of UV-exposed mushrooms may increase serum 25(OH)D when baseline vitamin D status is low via an increase in 25(OH)D2 (24.2 nmol/L) and despite a concomitant but relatively smaller reduction in 25(OH)D3 (-12.6 nmol/L). When baseline vitamin D status is high, the mean increase in 25(OH)D2 (18.3 nmol/L) and a relatively similar reduction in 25(OH)D3 (-13.6 nmol/L) may explain the lack of effect on serum 25(OH)D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine,
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - Kelly M Seamans
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences
| | - Paul Urbain
- Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Yang B, Campbell PT, Gapstur SM, Jacobs EJ, Bostick RM, Fedirko V, Flanders WD, McCullough ML. Calcium intake and mortality from all causes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease: the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:886-94. [PMID: 26864361 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.117994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium intake may be important for bone health, but its effects on other outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, remain unclear. Recent reports of adverse cardiovascular effects of supplemental calcium have raised concerns. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations of supplemental, dietary, and total calcium intakes with all-cause, CVD-specific, and cancer-specific mortality in a large, prospective cohort. DESIGN A total of 132,823 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, who were followed from baseline (1992 or 1993) through 2012 for mortality outcomes, were included in the analysis. Dietary and supplemental calcium information was first collected at baseline and updated in 1999 and 2003. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models with cumulative updating of exposures were used to calculate RRs and 95% CIs for associations between calcium intake and mortality. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 17.5 y, 43,186 deaths occurred. For men, supplemental calcium intake was overall not associated with mortality outcomes (P-trend > 0.05 for all), but men who were taking ≥1000 mg supplemental calcium/d had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.33), which was primarily attributed to borderline statistically significant higher risk of CVD-specific mortality (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.51). For women, supplemental calcium was inversely associated with mortality from all causes [RR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.87, 0.94), 0.84 (0.80, 0.88), and 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) for intakes of 0.1 to <500, 500 to <1000, and ≥1000 mg/d, respectively; P-trend < 0.01]. Total calcium intake was inversely associated with mortality in women (P-trend < 0.01) but not in men; dietary calcium was not associated with all-cause mortality in either sex. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, associations of calcium intake and mortality varied by sex. For women, total and supplemental calcium intakes are associated with lower mortality, whereas for men, supplemental calcium intake ≥1000 mg/d may be associated with higher all-cause and CVD-specific mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yang
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Laney Graduate School, and
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - W Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | |
Collapse
|
191
|
The role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in increasing vitamin D intake in Irish preschool children. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1219-1231. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
192
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Choline is an essential nutrient and plays a critical role in brain development, cell signaling, nerve impulse transmission, and lipid transport and metabolism. This analysis aimed to assess usual intakes of choline and compare them with the dietary reference intakes for U.S. residents aged ≥ 2 years. METHODS The National Cancer Institute method was used to assess usual intakes of choline from foods according to data for participants in the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; n = 16,809). RESULTS Suboptimal intakes of choline are prevalent across many life-stage subpopulations in the United States. Only 10.8 ± 0.6% of 2009-2012 NHANES participants aged ≥ 2 years (15.6 ± 0.8% of males and 6.1 ± 0.6% of females) achieved the adequate intake (AI) for choline. Children aged 2-3 years were the most likely to exceed the AI (62.9 ± 3.1%), followed by children aged 4-8 years (45.4 ± 1.6%) and children aged 9-13 years (9.0 ± 1.0%), compared to adolescents aged 14-18 years (1.8 ± 0.4%) and adults aged ≥ 19 years (6.6 ± 0.5%). When comparing by age and gender, males consumed significantly more choline than females for all age groups. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that there is a need to increase awareness among health professionals and consumers regarding potential suboptimal intakes of choline in the United States, as well as the critical role that choline plays in health maintenance throughout the lifespan. Food scientists and the food and dietary supplement industries should consider working collectively with government agencies to discuss strategies to help offset the percentage of the population that does not meet the AI. Revision of the dietary reference intakes for choline should include replacement of the AI with an estimated average requirement and a recommended dietary allowance, so that more accurate population estimates of inadequate intakes may be calculated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Wallace
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Studies , George Mason University, Fairfax , Virginia (T.C.W.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
193
|
Fina BL, Brun LR, Rigalli A. Increase of calcium and reduction of lactose concentration in milk by treatment with kefir grains and eggshell. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:133-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1137888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L. Fina
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas R. Brun
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Rigalli
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Rosario National University Research Council, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Kiely M, Collins A, Lucey AJ, Andersen R, Cashman KD, Hennessy Á. Development, validation and implementation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess habitual vitamin D intake. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:495-504. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kiely
- Vitamin D Research Group; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (Infant); University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - A. Collins
- Vitamin D Research Group; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - A. J. Lucey
- Vitamin D Research Group; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - R. Andersen
- National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. D. Cashman
- Vitamin D Research Group; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Department of Medicine; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Á. Hennessy
- Vitamin D Research Group; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Alyousif Z, Ford AL, Dahl WJ. Calcium Supplementation Does Not Contribute to Constipation in Healthy Women. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2016; 77:103-5. [PMID: 26771423 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2015-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is commonly suggested that calcium supplementation contributes to constipation; however, little research has explored the effects of calcium supplementation on gut motility. METHODS In an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study, healthy females (n = 27, aged 43.0 ± 10.6 years) received a split dose of 500 mg/d of elemental calcium from calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate each for 2 weeks, after a 2-week baseline and separated by a 2-week washout. Participants completed daily questionnaires of stool frequency, Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and supplement intake compliance. RESULTS There were no differences among periods. Mean ± SE stool frequency averaged 1.3 ± 0.1 stools/d in each period. Participants reported 34%, 34%, 37%, and 29% of stools were indicative of slow transit or constipation (BSFS of 1 or 2) during baseline, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and washout periods, respectively. Participants also reported from 6% to 10% of stools as fast transit or diarrhea (BSFS of 6 or 7) during the periods. CONCLUSION This study suggests that neither calcium carbonate nor calcium phosphate, providing 500 mg/d of calcium, affects stool frequency or form. Although stool frequency was normal, the healthy females participating in the study experienced stools indicating slow (constipation) and fast (diarrhea) transit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Alyousif
- a Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Amanda L Ford
- a Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Wendy J Dahl
- a Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Głąbska D, Guzek D, Sidor P, Włodarek D. Vitamin D Dietary Intake Questionnaire Validation Conducted among Young Polish Women. Nutrients 2016; 8:E36. [PMID: 26742070 PMCID: PMC4728650 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to inadequate intake of Vitamin D, identification of individuals characterised by the highest risk of deficiencies is one of the more crucial tasks for public health. The aim of the presented study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of the designed Vitamin D dietary intake questionnaire based on food frequency assessment--VIDEO-FFQ (VItamin D Estimation Only--Food Frequency Questionnaire) in a group of Polish women aged 20-30 years. Seventy-five participants kept a three-day dietary record and filled out the VIDEO-FFQ twice (immediately after the three-day dietary record and after six weeks). The assessment of validity and reproducibility was conducted by verifying standard errors of estimation, median differences, and percentages of individuals classified into tertiles, correlations and Bland-Altman plots. The Vitamin D intake for the majority of the surveyed women was inadequate as over 85% of them were characterised by values of intake lower than 5.0 μg per day. The results allowed concluding that a high accuracy of the VIDEO-FFQ was achieved. The required Bland-Altman index values lower than 5.0% were obtained, confirming satisfactory validity and reproducibility. The VIDEO-FFQ may be deemed a convenient practical tool for the estimation of Vitamin D intake in young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Sidor
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Włodarek
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland-159c Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Lifestyle Behaviors Affecting Bone Health in Young Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women. TOP CLIN NUTR 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
198
|
Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Lappe JM, LeBoff MS, Liu S, Looker AC, Wallace TC, Wang DD. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:367-76. [PMID: 26510847 PMCID: PMC4715837 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim was to meta-analyze randomized controlled trials of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fracture prevention. Meta-analysis showed a significant 15 % reduced risk of total fractures (summary relative risk estimate [SRRE], 0.85; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.98) and a 30 % reduced risk of hip fractures (SRRE, 0.70; 95 % CI, 0.56-0.87). INTRODUCTION Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation has been widely recommended to prevent osteoporosis and subsequent fractures; however, considerable controversy exists regarding the association of such supplementation and fracture risk. The aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fracture prevention in adults. METHODS A PubMed literature search was conducted for the period from July 1, 2011 through July 31, 2015. RCTs reporting the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on fracture incidence were selected from English-language studies. Qualitative and quantitative information was extracted; random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) for total and hip fractures. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I (2) statistic, and potential for publication bias was assessed. RESULTS Of the citations retrieved, eight studies including 30,970 participants met criteria for inclusion in the primary analysis, reporting 195 hip fractures and 2231 total fractures. Meta-analysis of all studies showed that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation produced a statistically significant 15 % reduced risk of total fractures (SRRE, 0.85; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.98) and a 30 % reduced risk of hip fractures (SRRE, 0.70; 95 % CI, 0.56-0.87). Numerous sensitivity and subgroup analyses produced similar summary associations. A limitation is that this study utilized data from subgroup analysis of the Women's Health Initiative. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of RCTs supports the use of calcium plus vitamin D supplements as an intervention for fracture risk reduction in both community-dwelling and institutionalized middle-aged to older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Women's Global Health Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - C J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - B Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J M Lappe
- School of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M S LeBoff
- Skeletal Health and Osteoporosis Center and Bone Density Unit, Calcium and Bone Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Liu
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A C Looker
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - T C Wallace
- National Osteoporosis Foundation, 1150 17th Street NW, Suite 850, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - D D Wang
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Rozenberg S, Body JJ, Bruyère O, Bergmann P, Brandi ML, Cooper C, Devogelaer JP, Gielen E, Goemaere S, Kaufman JM, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Effects of Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs--A Commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:1-17. [PMID: 26445771 PMCID: PMC4703621 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy products provide a package of essential nutrients that is difficult to obtain in low-dairy or dairy-free diets, and for many people it is not possible to achieve recommended daily calcium intakes with a dairy-free diet. Despite the established benefits for bone health, some people avoid dairy in their diet due to beliefs that dairy may be detrimental to health, especially in those with weight management issues, lactose intolerance, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or trying to avoid cardiovascular disease. This review provides information for health professionals to enable them to help their patients make informed decisions about consuming dairy products as part of a balanced diet. There may be a weak association between dairy consumption and a possible small weight reduction, with decreases in fat mass and waist circumference and increases in lean body mass. Lactose intolerant individuals may not need to completely eliminate dairy products from their diet, as both yogurt and hard cheese are well tolerated. Among people with arthritis, there is no evidence for a benefit to avoid dairy consumption. Dairy products do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly if low fat. Intake of up to three servings of dairy products per day appears to be safe and may confer a favourable benefit with regard to bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Rozenberg
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bergmann
- Department of Radioisotopes, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Devogelaer
- Department of Rheumatology, Saint Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholiek Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, State University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology, State University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bones Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Nahm ES, Resnick B, Brown C, Zhu S, Magaziner J, Bellantoni M, Brennan PF, Charters K, Brown J, Rietschel M, An M, Park BK. The Effects of an Online Theory-Based Bone Health Program for Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2015; 36:1117-1144. [PMID: 26675352 DOI: 10.1177/0733464815617284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 10 million Americans age 50 and older have osteoporosis, and many experience associated fractures. Although several interventions have been shown to be effective in preventing osteoporosis, their impact on bone health among older adults was limited. The aim of this study was, therefore, to examine the effects of a theory-based online bone health program (Bone Power program) for a large number of older adults. The 8-week program included learning modules, discussion boards, and other resources. Participants ( N = 866; M age = 62.5 years) were recruited online and randomized into a Bone Power or control group. At the end of the intervention, the Bone Power group showed significantly greater improvement over the control group in osteoporosis knowledge, self-efficacy/outcome expectations for calcium intake and exercise, and calcium intake and exercise behaviors. This study's findings suggest that online health programs can be effective in improving older adults' knowledge, beliefs, and health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shijun Zhu
- 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|