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Curcumin attenuates palmitate-induced apoptosis in MIN6 pancreatic β-cells through PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and mitochondrial survival pathways. Apoptosis 2016; 20:1420-32. [PMID: 26330141 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity plays a vital role in development and progression of type 2 diabetes. Prolonged elevation of free fatty acids especially the palmitate leads to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol from the curry spice turmeric, is considered to be a broadly cytoprotective agent. The present study was designed to determine the protective effect of curcumin on palmitate-induced apoptosis in β-cells and investigate underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that curcumin improved cell viability and enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretory function in MIN6 pancreatic β-cells. Palmitate incubation evoked chromatin condensation, DNA nick end labeling and activation of caspase-3 and -9. Curcumin treatment inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis, relieved mitochondrial depolarization and up-regulated Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Palmitate induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibited activities of antioxidant enzymes, which could be neutralized by curcumin treatment. Moreover, curcumin could promote rapid phosphorylation of Akt and nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 in MIN6 cells under lipotoxic condition. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt specific inhibitors abolished the anti-lipotoxic effect of curcumin and stimulated FoxO1 nuclear translocation. These findings suggested that curcumin protected MIN6 pancreatic β-Cells against apoptosis through activation of Akt, inhibition of nuclear translocation of FoxO1 and mitochondrial survival pathway.
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152
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Insulin Protects Hepatic Lipotoxicity by Regulating ER Stress through the PI3K/Akt/p53 Involved Pathway Independently of Autophagy Inhibition. Nutrients 2016; 8:227. [PMID: 27104558 PMCID: PMC4848695 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental role of hepatic lipotoxicity has been well-implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Previously, we reported that inhibiting autophagy aggravated saturated fatty acid (SFA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Insulin, a physiological inhibitor of autophagy, is commonly increased within NAFLD mainly caused by insulin resistance. We therefore hypothesized that insulin augments the sensitivity of hepatocyte to SFA-induced lipotoxicity. The present study was conducted via employing human and mouse hepatocytes, which were exposed to SFAs, insulin, or their combination. Unexpectedly, our results indicated that insulin protected hepatocytes against SFA-induced lipotoxicity, based on the LDH, MTT, and nuclear morphological measurements, and the detection from cleaved-Parp-1 and -caspase-3 expressions. We subsequently clarified that insulin led to a rapid and short-period inhibition of autophagy, which was gradually recovered after 1 h incubation in hepatocytes, and such extent of inhibition was insufficient to aggravate SFA-induced lipotoxicity. The mechanistic study revealed that insulin-induced alleviation of ER stress contributed to its hepatoprotective role. Pre-treating hepatocytes with insulin significantly stimulated phosphorylated-Akt and reversed SFA-induced up-regulation of p53. Chemical inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α robustly prevented palmitate-induced cell death. The PI3K/Akt pathway blockade by its special antagonist abolished the protective role of insulin against SFA-induced lipotoxicity and p53 up-regulation. Furthermore, we observed that insulin promoted intracellular TG deposits in hepatocytes in the present of palmitate. However, blocking TG accumulation via genetically silencing DGAT-2 did not prevent insulin-protected lipotoxicity. Our study demonstrated that insulin strongly protected against SFA-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes mechanistically through alleviating ER stress via a PI3K/Akt/p53 involved pathway but independently from autophagy.
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153
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Shao J, Yang X, Liu T, Zhang T, Xie QR, Xia W. Autophagy induction by SIRT6 is involved in oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. Protein Cell 2016; 7:281-290. [PMID: 26983852 PMCID: PMC4818841 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase and has been implicated in the regulation of genomic stability, DNA repair, metabolic homeostasis and several diseases. The effect of SIRT6 in cerebral ischemia and oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) has been reported, however the role of SIRT6 in oxidative stress damage remains unclear. Here we used SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and found that overexpression of SIRT6 led to decreased cell viability and increased necrotic cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under oxidative stress. Mechanistic study revealed that SIRT6 induced autophagy via attenuation of AKT signaling and treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or knockdown of autophagy-related protein Atg5 rescued H2O2-induced neuronal injury. Conversely, SIRT6 inhibition suppressed autophagy and reduced oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. These results suggest that SIRT6 might be a potential therapeutic target for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qian Reuben Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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154
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Zhang J, Ng S, Wang J, Zhou J, Tan SH, Yang N, Lin Q, Xia D, Shen HM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce autophagy through FOXO1-dependent pathways. Autophagy 2016; 11:629-42. [PMID: 25919885 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1023981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process in response to starvation or other stress conditions to sustain cellular homeostasis. At present, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are known to induce autophagy in cells through inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway. FOXO1, an important transcription factor regulated by AKT, is also known to play a role in autophagy induction. At present, the role of FOXO1 in the HDACIs-induced autophagy has not been reported. In this study, we first observed that HDACIs increased the expression of FOXO1 at the mRNA and protein level. Second, we found that FOXO1 transcriptional activity was enhanced by HDACIs, as evidenced by increased FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity. Third, suppression of FOXO1 function by siRNA knockdown or by a chemical inhibitor markedly blocked HDACIs-induced autophagy. Moreover, we found that FOXO1-mediated autophagy is achieved via its transcriptional activation, leading to a dual effect on autophagy induction: (i) enhanced expression of autophagy-related (ATG) genes, and (ii) suppression of MTOR via transcription of the SESN3 (sestrin 3) gene. Finally, we found that inhibition of autophagy markedly enhanced HDACIs-mediated cell death, indicating that autophagy serves as an important cell survival mechanism. Taken together, our studies reveal a novel function of FOXO1 in HDACIs-mediated autophagy in human cancer cells and thus support the development of a novel therapeutic strategy by combining HDACIs and autophagy inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- ATG, autophagy-related
- BAF, bafilomycin A1
- CQ, chloroquine
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- FOXO1
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast
- MTOR
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- TSA, trichostatin A
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis
- autophagy
- cancer
- cell death
- histone deacetylase inhibitors
- siRNA, short interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhang
- a Department of Physiology ; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore ; Singapore
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155
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156
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Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang CJ, Wong YK, Lim TK, Hua ZC, Liu B, Tannenbaum SR, Shen HM, Lin Q. In situ Proteomic Profiling of Curcumin Targets in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell Line. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22146. [PMID: 26915414 PMCID: PMC4768257 DOI: 10.1038/srep22146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the exact targets and mechanism of action of curcumin, a natural product with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, remain elusive. Here we synthesized a cell permeable curcumin probe (Cur-P) with an alkyne moiety, which can be tagged with biotin for affinity enrichment, or with a fluorescent dye for visualization of the direct-binding protein targets of curcumin in situ. iTRAQTM quantitative proteomics approach was applied to distinguish the specific binding targets from the non-specific ones. In total, 197 proteins were confidently identified as curcumin binding targets from HCT116 colon cancer cell line. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the targets are broadly distributed and enriched in the nucleus, mitochondria and plasma membrane, and they are involved in various biological functions including metabolic process, regulation, response to stimulus and cellular process. Ingenuity Pathway AnalysisTM (IPA) suggested that curcumin may exert its anticancer effects over multiple critical biological pathways including the EIF2, eIF4/p70S6K, mTOR signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways. Functional validations confirmed that curcumin downregulates cellular protein synthesis, and induces autophagy, lysosomal activation and increased ROS production, thus leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research &Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research &Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore.,Departments of Biological Engineering &Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, United States of America
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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157
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Fetterman JL, Holbrook M, Flint N, Feng B, Bretón-Romero R, Linder EA, Berk BD, Duess MA, Farb MG, Gokce N, Shirihai OS, Hamburg NM, Vita JA. Restoration of autophagy in endothelial cells from patients with diabetes mellitus improves nitric oxide signaling. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:207-17. [PMID: 26926601 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Autophagy is a multistep mechanism for the removal of damaged proteins and organelles from the cell. Under diabetic conditions, inadequate autophagy promotes cellular dysfunction and insulin resistance in non-vascular tissue. We hypothesized that impaired autophagy contributes to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured autophagy markers and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in freshly isolated endothelial cells from diabetic subjects (n = 45) and non-diabetic controls (n = 41). p62 levels were higher in cells from diabetics (34.2 ± 3.6 vs. 20.0 ± 1.6, P = 0.001), indicating reduced autophagic flux. Bafilomycin inhibited insulin-induced activation of eNOS (64.7 ± 22% to -47.8 ± 8%, P = 0.04) in cells from controls, confirming that intact autophagy is necessary for eNOS signaling. In endothelial cells from diabetics, activation of autophagy with spermidine restored eNOS activation, suggesting that impaired autophagy contributes to endothelial dysfunction (P = 0.01). Indicators of autophagy initiation including the number of LC3-bound puncta and beclin 1 expression were similar in diabetics and controls, whereas an autophagy terminal phase indicator, the lysosomal protein Lamp2a, was higher in diabetics. In endothelial cells under diabetic conditions, the beneficial effect of spermidine on eNOS activation was blocked by autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin or 3-methyladenine. Blocking the terminal stage of autophagy with bafilomycin increased p62 (P = 0.01) in cells from diabetics to a lesser extent than in cells from controls (P = 0.04), suggesting ongoing, but inadequate autophagic clearance. CONCLUSION Inadequate autophagy contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes and may be a target for therapy of diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Holbrook
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Flint
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bihua Feng
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosa Bretón-Romero
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika A Linder
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany D Berk
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai-Ann Duess
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa G Farb
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph A Vita
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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158
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Dong W, Xiao S, Cheng M, Ye X, Zheng G. Minocycline induces protective autophagy in vascular endothelial cells exposed to an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Biomed Rep 2015; 4:173-177. [PMID: 26893833 PMCID: PMC4734200 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Minocycline has been reported to exhibit advantageous effects on ischemic stroke; however, the precise mechanism of minocycline remains to be established. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to in vitro simulated ischemia/reperfusion conditions to determine the potential effect of minocycline-induced autophagy on HUVEC damage under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The study demonstrated that minocycline enhanced autophagy in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs exposed to OGD/R, and only low-dose minocycline protected HUVECs from OGD/R-induced damage. Subsequently, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was added into the culture media and the protective effect of minocycline was abolished. At the same time, it has been observed that simultaneous treatment with 3-MA also inhibited the autophagy activity induced by minocycline. This finding could suggest that autophagy induced by minocycline serves as one of the potential protective mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of minocycline on ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Dong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Shigeng Xiao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodi Ye
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Gaoli Zheng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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159
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Bhardwaj M, Paul S, Jakhar R, Kang SC. Potential role of vitexin in alleviating heat stress-induced cytotoxicity: Regulatory effect of Hsp90 on ER stress-mediated autophagy. Life Sci 2015; 142:36-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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160
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Chang CY, Chen PH, Lu SC, Hsieh MC, Lin CW, Lee HM, Jawan B, Kao YH. Propofol-enhanced autophagy increases motility and angiogenic capacity of cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Life Sci 2015; 142:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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161
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Ma X, Qiu R, Dang J, Li J, Hu Q, Shan S, Xin Q, Pan W, Bian X, Yuan Q, Long F, Liu N, Li Y, Gao F, Zou C, Gong Y, Liu Q. ORMDL3 contributes to the risk of atherosclerosis in Chinese Han population and mediates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced autophagy in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17194. [PMID: 26603569 PMCID: PMC4658630 DOI: 10.1038/srep17194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3) is a universally confirmed susceptibility gene for asthma and has recently emerged as a crucial modulator in lipid metabolism, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-the mechanisms also closely involved in atherosclerosis (AS). Here we first presented the evidence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms regulating ORMDL3 expression (rs7216389 and rs9303277) significantly associated with AS risk and the evidence of increased ORMDL3 expression in AS cases compared to controls, in Chinese Han population. Following the detection of its statistical correlation with AS, we further explored the functional relevance of ORMDL3 and hypothesized a potential role mediating autophagy as autophagy is activated upon modified lipid, inflammation and ER stress. Our results demonstrated that in endothelial cells oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) up-regulated ORMDL3 expression and knockdown of ORMDL3 alleviated not only ox-LDL-induced but also basal autophagy. BECN1 is essential for autophagy initiation and silencing of ORMDL3 suppressed ox-LDL-induced as well as basal BECN1 expression. In addition, deletion of ORMDL3 resulted in greater sensitivity to ox-LDL-induced cell death. Taken together, ORMDL3 might represent a causal gene mediating autophagy in endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Dang
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jiangxia Li
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qin Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shan Shan
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xin
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Bian
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Feng Long
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Zou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qiji Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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162
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The role of natural polyphenols in cell signaling and cytoprotection against cancer development. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 32:1-19. [PMID: 27142731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cytoprotective and anticancer action of dietary in-taken natural polyphenols has for long been attributed only to their direct radical scavenging activities. Currently it is well supported that those compounds display a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological outcomes mediated by their complex metabolism, interaction with gut microbiota as well as direct interactions of their metabolites with key cellular signaling proteins. The beneficial effects of natural polyphenols and their synthetic derivatives are extensively studied in context of cancer prophylaxis and therapy. Herein we focus on cell signaling to explain the beneficial role of polyphenols at the three stages of cancer development: we review the recent proceedings about the impact of polyphenols on the cytoprotective antioxidant response and their proapoptotic action at the premalignant stage, and finally we present data showing how phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic, chlorogenic acids) and flavonols (e.g., quercetin) hamper the development of metastatic cancer.
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163
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Xiong J. Atg7 in development and disease: panacea or Pandora's Box? Protein Cell 2015; 6:722-34. [PMID: 26404030 PMCID: PMC4598325 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation system used by life ranging from yeasts to mammals. The core autophagic machinery is composed of ATG (autophagy-related) protein constituents. One particular member of the ATG protein family, Atg7, has been the focus of recent research. Atg7 acts as an E1-like activating enzyme facilitating both microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-phosphatidylethanolamine and ATG12 conjugation. Thus, Atg7 stands at the hub of these two ubiquitin-like systems involving LC3 and Atg12 in autophagic vesicle expansion. In this review, I focus on the pleiotropic function of Atg7 in development, maintenance of health, and alternations of such control in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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164
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Radad K, Moldzio R, Al-Shraim M, Kranner B, Krewenka C, Rausch WD. Recent advances in autophagy-based neuroprotection. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:195-205. [PMID: 25614954 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process that, under certain circumstances, delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosomes for degradation. It consists of several sequential steps including initiation and nucleation, double membrane formation and elongation, formation and maturation of autophagosomes and finally autophagosomes/lysosomes fusion and degradation of intra-autophagosomal contents by lysosomal enzymes. After decades of considering autophagy as a cell death pathway, it has recently been shown to have a survival function through clearing of protein aggregates and damaged cytoplasmic organelles in response to a variety of stress conditions. Most recently, there is increasing evidence from literature revealing that autophagy induction may combat neurodegeneration. In the light of this, our current review tried to address the recent advances in the role of induced autophagy in neuroprotection with a particular focus on its contribution in the most common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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165
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Casasampere M, Ordoñez YF, Pou A, Casas J. Inhibitors of dihydroceramide desaturase 1: Therapeutic agents and pharmacological tools to decipher the role of dihydroceramides in cell biology. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 197:33-44. [PMID: 26248324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroceramide desaturase (Des1) is the last enzyme in the de novo synthesis of ceramides (Cer). It catalyzes the insertion of a double bond into dihydroceramides (dhCer) to convert them to Cer, both of which are further metabolized to more complex (dihydro) sphingolipids. For many years dhCer have received poor attention, mainly due to their supposed lack of biological activity. It was not until about ten years ago that the concept that dhCer might have regulatory roles in biology emerged for the first time. Since then, multiple publications have established that dhCer are implicated in a wide spectrum of biological processes. Physiological and pathophysiological functions of dhCer have been recently reviewed. In this review we will focus on the biochemical features of Des1 and on its inhibition by different compounds with presumably different modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yadira F Ordoñez
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Pou
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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166
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Liu J, Bi X, Chen T, Zhang Q, Wang SX, Chiu JJ, Liu GS, Zhang Y, Bu P, Jiang F. Shear stress regulates endothelial cell autophagy via redox regulation and Sirt1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1827. [PMID: 26181207 PMCID: PMC4650738 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed cell autophagy is found in various cardiovascular disease conditions. Biomechanical stimuli induced by laminar blood flow have important protective actions against the development of various vascular diseases. However, the impacts and underlying mechanisms of shear stress on the autophagic process in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are not entirely understood. Here we investigated the impacts of shear stress on autophagy in human vascular ECs. We found that shear stress induced by laminar flow, but not that by oscillatory or low-magnitude flow, promoted autophagy. Time-course analysis and flow cessation experiments confirmed that this effect was not a transient adaptive stress response but appeared to be a sustained physiological action. Flow had no effect on the mammalian target of rapamycin-ULK pathway, whereas it significantly upregulated Sirt1 expression. Inhibition of Sirt1 blunted shear stress-induced autophagy. Overexpression of wild-type Sirt1, but not the deacetylase-dead mutant, was sufficient to induce autophagy in ECs. Using both of gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we showed that Sirt1-dependent activation of FoxO1 was critical in mediating shear stress-induced autophagy. Shear stress also induced deacetylation of Atg5 and Atg7. Moreover, shear stress-induced Sirt1 expression and autophagy were redox dependent, whereas Sirt1 might act as a redox-sensitive transducer mediating reactive oxygen species-elicited autophagy. Functionally, we demonstrated that flow-conditioned cells are more resistant to oxidant-induced cell injury, and this cytoprotective effect was abolished after inhibition of autophagy. In summary, these results suggest that Sirt1-mediated autophagy in ECs may be a novel mechanism by which laminar flow produces its vascular-protective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - T Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - S-X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J-J Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - G-S Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - P Bu
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - F Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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167
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Wuerkenbieke D, Wang J, Li Y, Ma C. miRNA-150 downregulation promotes pertuzumab resistance in ovarian cancer cells via AKT activation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292:1109-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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168
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Fumonisin B1 induces autophagic cell death via activation of ERN1-MAPK8/9/10 pathway in monkey kidney MARC-145 cells. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:985-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hou X, Tong Q, Wang W, Xiong W, Shi C, Fang J. Dihydromyricetin protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress damage by regulating mitochondrial pathways. Life Sci 2015; 130:38-46. [PMID: 25818185 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HEADING AIMS Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the most abundant ingredient in vine tea. Here, we investigated the cytoprotective effects and possible mechanisms of DMY on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The percentage of cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We determined the antioxidant properties of DMY by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis in HUVECs that were double stained with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI). The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA)-loaded HUVECs using a fluorescent microscope. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was determined by Western blotting. In addition, the release of nitric oxide (NO) was analyzed using a commercial kit. KEY FINDINGS HUVECs treated with H2O2 had a notable decrease in cell viability that was attenuated when cells were pretreated with DMY (37.5-300μM). DMY pretreatment significantly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis in HUVECs and inhibited intracellular ROS overproduction. Finally, pretreatment of cells with DMY prior to H2O2 exposure resulted in the inhibition of p53 activation, followed by the regulation of the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, the release of cytochrome c, the cleavage (activation) of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and then the suppression of PARP cleavage in H2O2-induced HUVECs. SIGNIFICANCE Our study is the first to report that DMY can protect HUVECs from oxidative stress damage, an effect that is mediated by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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171
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Zhang L, Dai F, Cui L, Jing H, Fan P, Tan X, Guo Y, Zhou G. Novel role for TRPC4 in regulation of macroautophagy by a small molecule in vascular endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:377-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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172
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Abstract
Autophagy is a reparative, life-sustaining process by which cytoplasmic components are sequestered in double-membrane vesicles and degraded on fusion with lysosomal compartments. Growing evidence reveals that basal autophagy is an essential in vivo process mediating proper vascular function. Moreover, autophagy is stimulated by many stress-related stimuli in the arterial wall to protect endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells against cell death and the initiation of vascular disease, in particular atherosclerosis. Basal autophagy is atheroprotective during early atherosclerosis but becomes dysfunctional in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Little is known about autophagy in other vascular disorders, such as aneurysm formation, arterial aging, vascular stiffness, and chronic venous disease, even though autophagy is often impaired. This finding highlights the need for pharmacological interventions with compounds that stimulate the prosurvival effects of autophagy in the vasculature. A large number of animal studies and clinical trials have indicated that oral or stent-based delivery of the autophagy inducer rapamycin or derivatives thereof, collectively known as rapalogs, effectively inhibit the basic mechanisms that control growth and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Other autophagy-inducing drugs, such as spermidine or add-on therapy with widely used antiatherogenic compounds, including statins and metformin, are potentially useful to prevent vascular disease with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido R.Y. De Meyer
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandy O.J. Grootaert
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cédéric F. Michiels
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ammar Kurdi
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien M. Schrijvers
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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173
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MA TAO, YANG LU, ZHANG JIN. miRNA-542-3p downregulation promotes trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer cells via AKT activation. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1215-20. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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174
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Hao C, Yang Z, Gao B, Lu M, Meng X, Qiao X, Xue D, Zhang W. Database screening of herbal monomers regulating autophagy by constructing a "disease-gene-drug" network. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:466. [PMID: 25475428 PMCID: PMC4295301 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies suggest an important role of autophagy as a target for cancer therapy. We constructed a "disease-gene-drug" network using the modular approach of bioinformatics and screened herbal monomers demonstrating functions related to autophagy regulation. Methods Based on the microarray results of the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database (GSE2435 and GSE31040, starvation-induced autophagy model), we used the human protein reference database (HPRD) to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In addition, we used the CFinder software to identify several functional modules, performed gene ontology-biological process (GO-BP) functional enrichment analysis using the DAVID software, constructed a herbal monomer-module gene regulatory network using literature search and the Cytoscape software, and then analyzed the relationships between autophagy, genes, and herbal monomers. Results We screened 544 differentially expressed genes related to autophagy, 375 pairs of differentially expressed genes, and 7 gene modules, wherein the functions of module 3 (composed of 7 genes) were enriched in "cell death". Using the constructed herbal monomer-module gene regulatory network, we found that 30 herbal monomers can simultaneously regulate these 7 genes, indicating a potential regulatory role in autophagy. Conclusions Database screening using the disease-gene-drug network can provide new strategies and ideas for the application of herbal medicines in cancer therapy.
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175
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Li Y, Wang J, Gao X, Han W, Zheng Y, Xu H, Zhang C, He Q, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhou D. c-Met targeting enhances the effect of irradiation and chemical agents against malignant colon cells harboring a KRAS mutation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113186. [PMID: 25427200 PMCID: PMC4245100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although EGFR-targeted therapy has been beneficial to colorectal cancer patients, several studies have showed this clinical benefit was restricted to patients with wild-type KRAS exon 2 colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to explore efficient treatment strategies in patients with KRAS mutations. c-Met is an emerging target for the development of therapeutics against colorectal cancer. In this study, we first used the SW620 cell line, which has an activating KRAS mutation, to generate a stable cell line with conditional regulation of c-Met, which is an essential gene for growth and an oncogene. Using this approach, we evaluated the benefits of combined c-Met-targeted therapy with irradiation or chemical agents. In this cell line, we observed that the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells were reduced by the induction of c-Met shRNA. Furthermore, c-Met knockdown enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of 5-FU and Taxol but not cisplatin, irinotecan or sorafenib. These enhancements were also observed in another colon cancer cells line HCT-116, which also has a KRAS mutation. The response of SW620 cells to irradiation was also enhanced by c-Met knockdown. This method and obtained data might have important implications for exploring the combinatory effects of targeted therapies with conventional medications. Moreover, the data suggested that the combination of c-Met-targeted therapy with chemotherapy or irradiation might be an effective strategy against colorectal cancer harboring a KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Second Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuchen He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (ZL)
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (ZL)
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Gu HF, Nie YX, Tong QZ, Tang YL, Zeng Y, Jing KQ, Zheng XL, Liao DF. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates impairment of learning and memory in chronic unpredictable mild stress-treated rats by restoring hippocampal autophagic flux. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112683. [PMID: 25393306 PMCID: PMC4231069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea with beneficial effects on the impairment in learning and memory. Autophagy is a cellular process that protects neurons from stressful conditions. The present study was designed to investigate whether EGCG can rescue chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced cognitive impairment in rats and whether its protective effect involves improvement of autophagic flux. As expected, our results showed that CUMS significantly impaired memory performance and inhibited autophagic flux as indicated by elevated LC3-II and p62 protein levels. At the same time, we observed an increased neuronal loss and activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6k) signaling in the CA1 regions. Interestingly, chronic treatment with EGCG (25 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly improved those behavioral alterations, attenuated histopathological abnormalities in hippocampal CA1 regions, reduced amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels, and restored autophagic flux. However, blocking autophagic flux with chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagic flux, reversed these effects of EGCG. Taken together, these findings suggest that the impaired autophagy in CA1 regions of CUMS rats may contribute to learning and memory impairment. Therefore, we conclude that EGCG attenuation of CUMS-induced learning and memory impairment may be through rescuing autophagic flux.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Animals
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Autophagy/drug effects
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/pathology
- Catechin/analogs & derivatives
- Catechin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Chloroquine/pharmacology
- Chronic Disease
- Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy
- Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
- Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics
- Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Memory/drug effects
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Nootropic Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Gu
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xiong Nie
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Zhen Tong
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Quan Jing
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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177
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Hasima N, Ozpolat B. Regulation of autophagy by polyphenolic compounds as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1509. [PMID: 25375374 PMCID: PMC4260725 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway for cellular constituents and organelles, is an adaptive and essential process required for cellular homeostasis. Although autophagy functions as a survival mechanism in response to cellular stressors such as nutrient or growth factor deprivation, it can also lead to a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death (PCD) called autophagy-induced cell death or autophagy-associated cell death (type II PCD). Current evidence suggests that cell death through autophagy can be induced as an alternative to apoptosis (type I PCD), with therapeutic purpose in cancer cells that are resistant to apoptosis. Thus, modulating autophagy is of great interest in cancer research and therapy. Natural polyphenolic compounds that are present in our diet, such as rottlerin, genistein, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol, can trigger type II PCD via various mechanisms through the canonical (Beclin-1 dependent) and non-canonical (Beclin-1 independent) routes of autophagy. The capacity of these compounds to provide a means of cancer cell death that enhances the effects of standard therapies should be taken into consideration for designing novel therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the autophagy- and cell death-inducing effects of these polyphenolic compounds in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hasima
- 1] Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Institute Science Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia [3] Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - B Ozpolat
- 1] Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs - Red and Charline McCombs Institute for the Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, USA
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178
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Lee KW, Thiyagarajan V, Sie HW, Cheng MF, Tsai MJ, Chia YC, Weng CF. Synergistic effect of natural compounds on the fatty acid-induced autophagy of activated hepatic stellate cells. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:903-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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179
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Yang L, Wang X, Yang X. Possible antioxidant mechanism of melanoidins extract from Shanxi aged vinegar in mitophagy-dependent and mitophagy-independent pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8616-8622. [PMID: 25102123 DOI: 10.1021/jf501690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanoidins are widely reported to have antioxidant activity; however, their mechanism has not been frequently studied. In this study, we found that melanoidins from Shanxi aged vinegar induced mitopahgy, the specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria, as assessed by up-regulation of the autophagy markers LC3-II and Beclin1 as well as degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 and mitochondrial proteins. Melanoidins reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal human liver cells and mouse livers through a mitophagy-dependent pathway, by the observation that the reducing ROS effect of melanoidins was partially lost when mitophagy was inhibited by chloroquine. Impaired Akt signaling was found in cells treated with melanoidins, which might explain the activation of autophagy induced by melanoidins. These results suggest that in addition to direct free radical scavenging activity, melanoidins decreased ROS levels through mitophagy in which damaged mitochondria, the source of ROS, were degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
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180
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Kim HJ, Kim J, Kang KS, Lee KT, Yang HO. Neuroprotective Effect of Chebulagic Acid via Autophagy Induction in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:275-81. [PMID: 25143804 PMCID: PMC4131520 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a series of catabolic process mediating the bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles through formation of a double-membrane vesicle, known as an autophagosome, and fusing with lysosome. Autophagy plays an important role of death-survival decisions in neuronal cells, which may influence to several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Chebulagic acid, the major constituent of Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica, is a benzopyran tannin compound with various kinds of beneficial effects. This study was performed to investigate the autophagy enhancing effect of chebulagic acid on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. We determined the effect of chebulagic acid on expression levels of autophago-some marker proteins such as, DOR/TP53INP2, Golgi-associated ATPase Enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE 16) and Light chain 3 II (LC3 II), as well as those of its upstream pathway proteins, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin-1. All of those proteins were modulated by chebulagic acid treatment in a way of enhancing the autophagy. Additionally in our study, chebulagic acid also showed a protective effect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) - induced cytotoxicity which mimics the pathological symptom of Parkinson's disease. This effect seems partially mediated by enhanced autophagy which increased the degradation of aggregated or misfolded proteins from cells. This study suggests that chebulagic acid is an attractive candidate as an autophagy-enhancing agent and therefore, it may provide a promising strategy to prevent or cure the diseases caused by accumulation of abnormal proteins including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Kim
- Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340 ; Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonki Kim
- Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340
| | - Keun Taik Lee
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340
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181
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Tian XL, Li Y. Endothelial cell senescence and age-related vascular diseases. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:485-95. [PMID: 25269674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is an independent risk factor for ageing-related complex diseases, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and hypertension, which are common but life threatening and related to the ageing-associated vascular dysfunction. On the other hand, patients with progeria syndromes suffer from serious atherosclerosis, suggesting that the impaired vascular functions may be critical to organismal ageing, or vice versa. However, it remains largely unknown how vascular cells, particularly endothelial cell, become senescent and how the senescence impairs the vascular functions and contributes to the age-related vascular diseases over time. Here, we review the recent progress on the characteristics of vascular ageing and endothelial cell senescence in vitro and in vivo, evaluate how genetic and environmental factors as well as autophagy and stem cell influence endothelial cell senescence and how the senescence contributes to the age-related vascular phenotypes, such as atherosclerosis and increased vascular stiffness, and explore the possibility whether we can delay the age-related vascular diseases through the control of vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Human Population Genetics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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182
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DHA2, a synthesized derivative of bisbibenzyl, exerts antitumor activity against ovarian cancer through inhibition of XIAP and Akt/mTOR pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:163-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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183
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Kardeh S, Ashkani-Esfahani S, Alizadeh AM. Paradoxical action of reactive oxygen species in creation and therapy of cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:150-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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184
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Xu J, Meng K, Zhang R, Yang H, Liao C, Zhu W, Jiao J. The use of functional chemical-protein associations to identify multi-pathway renoprotectants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97906. [PMID: 24830678 PMCID: PMC4022655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Typically, most nephropathies can be categorized as complex human diseases in which the cumulative effect of multiple minor genes, combined with environmental and lifestyle factors, determines the disease phenotype. Thus, multi-target drugs would be more likely to facilitate comprehensive renoprotection than single-target agents. In this study, functional chemical-protein association analysis was performed to retrieve multi-target drugs of high pathway wideness from the STITCH 3.1 database. Pathway wideness of a drug evaluated the efficiency of regulation of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in quantity. We identified nine experimentally validated renoprotectants that exerted remarkable impact on KEGG pathways by targeting a limited number of proteins. We selected curcumin as an illustrative compound to display the advantage of multi-pathway drugs on renoprotection. We compared curcumin with hemin, an agonist of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which significantly affects only one KEGG pathway, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism (adjusted p = 1.5×10−5). At the same concentration (10 µM), both curcumin and hemin equivalently mitigated oxidative stress in H2O2-treated glomerular mesangial cells. The benefit of using hemin was derived from its agonistic effect on HO-1, providing relief from oxidative stress. Selective inhibition of HO-1 completely blocked the action of hemin but not that of curcumin, suggesting simultaneous multi-pathway intervention by curcumin. Curcumin also increased cellular autophagy levels, enhancing its protective effect; however, hemin had no effects. Based on the fact that the dysregulation of multiple pathways is implicated in the etiology of complex diseases, we proposed a feasible method for identifying multi-pathway drugs from compounds with validated targets. Our efforts will help identify multi-pathway agents capable of providing comprehensive protection against renal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Nephrology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Meng
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Liao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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185
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Hsu YJ, Hsu SC, Huang SM, Lee HS, Lin SH, Tsai CS, Shih CC, Lin CY. Hyperphosphatemia induces protective autophagy in endothelial cells through the inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling. J Vasc Surg 2014; 62:210-221.e2. [PMID: 24797554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperphosphatemia-induced endothelial dysfunction has been shown to play a pathogenic role in the development of atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) through unclear mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy is involved in the maintenance of normal cardiovascular function. However, it is unclear whether autophagy participates in the molecular mechanism underlying high phosphate (Pi)-induced endothelial dysfunction. METHODS The autophagy activity was determined by the immunofluorescence staining of the expression of endothelial microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of CKD and sham-operated control rats. The LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and the activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were determined in cultured human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) endothelial cells that were exposed to a high concentration of Pi with or without the Pi influx blocker phosphonoformic acid, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and the autophagy inducer rapamycin. The impacts of autophagy on Pi-induced apoptotic damage were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The in vivo rat model of CKD revealed that hyperphosphatemia is associated with increased endothelial LC3 staining. The exposure of HMEC-1 cells to high Pi induced both dose-dependent and time-dependent increases in the LC3-II/LC3-I expression ratio accompanied by the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In HMEC-1 cells, high Pi-induced autophagy and the inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling were reversed by phosphonoformic acid through the blockage of Pi influx. Apoptosis, characterized by the levels of cleaved caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, along with autophagy was induced by high Pi, and the inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine significantly aggravated high Pi-induced apoptosis. The flow cytometry results confirmed that the blockage of autophagy promoted the apoptosis of endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Hyperphosphatemia induces endothelial autophagy, possibly through the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which may play a protective role against high Pi-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Shih
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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186
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Zhang YB, Zhao W, Zeng RX. Autophagic degradation of caspase-8 protects U87MG cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4095-9. [PMID: 23991959 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces apoptosis in many cellular systems including glioblastoma cells, with caspase-8 activation was regarded as a major contribution to H2O2-induced cell death. This study focused on the role of the autophagic protein p62 in H2O2-induced apoptosis in U87MG cells. Oxidative stress was applied with H2O2, and cell apoptosis and viability were measured with use of caspase inhibitors or autophagic mediators or siRNA p62, GFP-p62 and GFP-p62-UBA (del) transfection. We found that H2O2 -induced U87MG cell death was correlated with caspase-8. To understand the role of p62 in MG132-induced cell death, the levels of p62/SQSTM1 or autophagy in U87MG cells were modulated with biochemical or genetic methods. The results showed that the over-expression of wild type p62/SQSTM1 significantly reduced H2O2 induced cell death, but knockdown of p62 aggravated the process. In addition, inhibition of autophagy promoted p62 and active caspase-8 increasing H2O2 -induced apoptosis while induction of autophagy manifested the opposite effect. We further demonstrated that the function of p62/SQSTM1 required its C-terminus UBA domain to attenuate H2O2 cytotoxity by inhibition of caspase-8 activity. Our results indicated that p62/SQSTM1 was a potential contributor to mediate caspase-8 activation by autophagy in oxidative stress process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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187
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Urbanek T, Kuczmik W, Basta-Kaim A, Gabryel B. Rapamycin induces of protective autophagy in vascular endothelial cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Brain Res 2014; 1553:1-11. [PMID: 24462935 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The protective potential of rapamycin has been reported in a few experimental models of brain ischemia, both in vivo and in vitro. Although the precise cellular processes underlying the neuroprotective effects of rapamycin in experimental models of stroke remain unknown, the current experimental data suggest that the mechanism of action of the drug may result from the mTOR-mediated autophagy induction. However, it is unclear whether the activation of autophagy acts as a pro-death or pro-survival factor in vascular endothelial cells in ischemic brain damage. It seems to be very important, since stroke affects not only neurons and astrocytes but also microvessels. In the present study, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) subjected to ischemia-simulating conditions (combined oxygen and glucose deprivation, OGD) for 6h to determine potential effect of rapamycin-induced autophagy on HUVEC damage. The drug at concentrations of 100 and 1000nM increased the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3-II together with a significant increase in the p62 degradation in ischemic HUVEC. Treatment with rapamycin in OGD significantly increased the cell viability, indicating that the drug exerts cytoprotective effect. The inhibition of Beclin 1 by siRNAs significantly attenuated the expression of autophagy-related proteins and reduced HUVEC viability following OGD and rapamycin treatment. Our findings demonstrated that toxicity of simulated ischemia conditions were enhanced in HUVEC when autophagy was blocked, and that rapamycin effectively prevented OGD-evoked damage by induction of protective autophagy via inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Urbanek
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, PL 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wacław Kuczmik
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, PL 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Gabryel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, PL 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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188
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Regulation of autophagy by the Rab GTPase network. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:348-58. [PMID: 24440914 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a highly conserved intracellular and lysosome-dependent degradation process in which autophagic substrates are enclosed and degraded by a double-membrane vesicular structure in a continuous and dynamic vesicle transport process. The Rab protein is a small GTPase that belongs to the Ras-like GTPase superfamily and regulates the vesicle traffic process. Numerous Rab proteins have been shown to be involved in various stages of autophagy. Rab1, Rab5, Rab7, Rab9A, Rab11, Rab23, Rab32, and Rab33B participate in autophagosome formation, whereas Rab9 is required in non-canonical autophagy. Rab7, Rab8B, and Rab24 have a key role in autophagosome maturation. Rab8A and Rab25 are also involved in autophagy, but their role is unknown. Here, we summarize new findings regarding the involvement of Rabs in autophagy and provide insights regarding future research on the mechanisms of autophagy regulation.
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189
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Calcineurin suppresses AMPK-dependent cytoprotective autophagy in cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e997. [PMID: 24434520 PMCID: PMC4040710 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin signalling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Calcineurin has been proven to affect a series of signalling pathways and to exert a proapoptotic effect in cardiomyocytes. However, whether it is able to regulate autophagy remains largely unknown. Here, we report that prolonged oxidative stress-induced activation of calcineurin contributes to the attenuation of adaptive AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling and inhibits autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Primary cardiomyocytes exhibited rapid formation of autophagosomes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression and phosphorylation of AMPK in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. However, prolonged (12 h) H2O2 treatment attenuated these effects and was accompanied by a significant increase in calcineurin activity and apoptosis. Inhibition of calcineurin by FK506 restored AMPK function and LC3 expression, and decreased the extent of apoptosis caused by prolonged oxidative stress. In contrast, overexpression of the constitutively active form of calcineurin markedly attenuated the increase in LC3 induced by short-term (3 h) H2O2 treatment and sensitised cells to apoptosis. In addition, FK506 failed to induce autophagy and alleviate apoptosis in cardiomyocytes expressing a kinase-dead K45R AMPK mutant. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by 3-methylanine (3-MA) or by knockdown of the essential autophagy-related gene ATG7 abrogated the protective effect of FK506. These findings suggest a novel role of calcineurin in suppressing adaptive autophagy during oxidative stress by downregulating the AMPK signalling pathway. The results also provide insight into how altered calcineurin and autophagic signalling is integrated to control cell survival during oxidative stress and may guide strategies to prevent cardiac oxidative damage.
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190
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Malaviya R, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Oxidative stress-induced autophagy: role in pulmonary toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 275:145-51. [PMID: 24398106 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process important in regulating the turnover of essential proteins and in elimination of damaged organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy is observed in the lung in response to oxidative stress generated as a consequence of exposure to environmental toxicants. Whether autophagy plays role in promoting cell survival or cytotoxicity is unclear. In this article recent findings on oxidative stress-induced autophagy in the lung are reviewed; potential mechanisms initiating autophagy are also discussed. A better understanding of autophagy and its role in pulmonary toxicity may lead to the development of new strategies to treat lung injury associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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191
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192
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Wu JC, Tsai ML, Lai CS, Wang YJ, Ho CT, Pan MH. Chemopreventative effects of tetrahydrocurcumin on human diseases. Food Funct 2014; 5:12-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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193
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Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common form of polycystic kidney disease in adults and is caused by a mutation in the polycystic kidney disease 1 or 2 genes, which encode, respectively, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. Autophagy is present in polycystic kidneys in rat and mouse models of polycystic kidney disease. Autophagy has yet to be shown in human polycystic kidney disease kidneys. The mechanism of cyst growth has been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo. Multiple molecules and signaling pathways have been implicated in cyst growth including mammalian target of rapamycin, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vasopressin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor tyrosine kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor, extracellular signal-related kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclin-dependent kinases, caspases and apoptosis, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinases. Many of the agents that inhibit these signaling pathways and slow cyst growth are also autophagy inducers such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, caspase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, metformin, curcumin, and triptolide. There are reasons to believe that suppression of autophagy may play a role in cyst formation and growth. This review presents the hypothesis that suppression of autophagy may play a role in cyst formation and growth, based on the following: (1) many of the agents that protect against polycystic kidney disease also induce autophagy, (2) suppression of autophagy in polycystic kidney disease 1 knockout cells, (3) a defect in autophagy in congenital polycystic kidney mice with polycystic kidney disease, (4) how suppressed autophagy may relate to apoptosis in polycystic kidney disease, and (5) conditions with defective cilia, the ciliopathies, are associated with decreased autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles L Edelstein
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO.
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194
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Peng SF, Lee CY, Hour MJ, Tsai SC, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Shieh PC, Yang JS. Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles enhance apoptotic cell death of U2OS human osteosarcoma cells through the Akt-Bad signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:238-46. [PMID: 24247158 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has potential anticancer activity and has been shown to be involved in several signaling pathways including differentiation and apoptosis. Our previous study showed that water-soluble PLGA curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) triggered apoptotic cell death through regulation of the function of MDR1 and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of Cur-NPs on human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. The morphology of Cur-NPs showed spherical shape by TEM analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in Cur-NPs prepared by single emulsion was 90.5 ± 3.0%. Our results demonstrated that the curcumin fragments on the mass spectrum of Cur-NPs and the peaks of curcumin standard could be found on the Cur-NPs spectrum by 1H-NMR spectra analysis. Cur-NPs induced anti-proliferative effects and apoptosis in U2OS cells. Compared to the untreated U2OS cells, more detectable amount of Cur-NPs was found inside the treated U2OS cells. Cur-NPs induced DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies in U2OS cells. Both the activity and the expression levels of caspases-3/-7 and caspase-9 were elevated in the treated U2OS cells. Cur-NPs upregulated the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-9, cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and Bad and downregulated the protein expression level of p-Akt in U2OS cells. These results suggest Cur-NPs are effective in enhancing apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells and thus could provide potential for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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195
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Neves D. Advanced glycation end-products: a common pathway in diabetes and age-related erectile dysfunction. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:49-69. [PMID: 23822116 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.821701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive derivatives of non-enzymatic glucose-protein condensation reactions integrate a heterogeneous group of irreversible adducts called advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Numerous studies have investigated the role of the AGEs in cardiovascular system; however, its contribution to erectile dysfunction (ED) that is an early manifestation of cardiovascular disease has been less intensively investigated. This review summarizes the most recent advances concerning AGEs effects in the cavernous tissue of the penis and in ED onset, particularly on diabetes and aging, conditions that not only favor AGEs formation, but also increase risk of developing ED. The specific contribution of AGE on intra- and extracellular deposition of insoluble complexes, interference in activity of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, NO bioavailability, endothelial-dependent vasodilatation, as well as molecular pathways activated by receptor of AGEs are presented. Finally, the interventional actions that prevent AGEs formation, accumulation or activity in the cavernous tissue and that include nutritional pattern modulation, nutraceuticals, exercise, therapeutic strategies (statins, anti-diabetics, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-5, anti-hypertensive drugs) and inhibitors of AGEs formation and crosslink breakers, are discussed. From this review, we conclude that despite the experiments conducted in animal models pointing to the AGE/RAGE axis as a potential interventional target with respect to ED associated with diabetes and aging, the clinical data have been very disappointing and, until now, did not provide evidence of benefits of treatments directed to AGE inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neves
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine and IBMC of Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.
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196
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Ergin V, Hariry RE, Karasu C. Carbonyl stress in aging process: role of vitamins and phytochemicals as redox regulators. Aging Dis 2013; 4:276-94. [PMID: 24124633 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2013.0400276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing scientific agreement that the cellular redox regulators such as antioxidants, particularly the natural polyphenolic forms, may help lower the incidence of some pathologies, including metabolic diseases like diabetes and diabesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative abnormalities, and certain cancers or even have anti-aging properties. The recent researches indicate that the degree of metabolic modulation and adaptation response of cells to reductants as well as oxidants establish their survival and homeostasis, which is linked with very critical balance in imbalances in cellular redox capacity and signaling, and that might be an answer the questions why some antioxidants or phytochemicals potentially could do more harm than good, or why some proteins lose their function by increase interactions with glyco- and lipo-oxidation mediates in the cells (carbonyl stress). Nonetheless, pursue of healthy aging has led the use of antioxidants as a means to disrupt age-associated physiological dysfunctions, dysregulated metabolic processes or prevention of many age-related diseases. Although it is still early to define their exact clinical benefits for treating age-related disease, a diet rich in polyphenolic or other forms of antioxidants does seem to offer hope in delaying the onset of age-related disorders. It is now clear that any deficiency in antioxidant vitamins, inadequate enzymatic antioxidant defenses can distinctive for many age-related disease, and protein carbonylation can used as an indicator of oxidative stress associated diseases and aging status. This review examines antioxidant compounds and plant polyphenols as redox regulators in health, disease and aging processes with hope that a better understanding of the many mechanisms involved with these distinct compounds, which may lead to better health and novel treatment approaches for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Ergin
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen ML, Yi L, Jin X, Liang XY, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Xie Q, Zhou X, Chang H, Fu YJ, Zhu JD, Zhang QY, Mi MT. Resveratrol attenuates vascular endothelial inflammation by inducing autophagy through the cAMP signaling pathway. Autophagy 2013; 9:2033-45. [PMID: 24145604 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation participates centrally in all stages of atherosclerosis (AS), which begins with inflammatory changes in the endothelium, characterized by expression of the adhesion molecules. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin that can attenuate endothelial inflammation; however, the exact mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. Autophagy refers to the normal process of cell degradation of proteins and organelles, and is protective against certain inflammatory injuries. Thus, we intended to determine the role of autophagy in the antiinflammatory effects of RSV in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that RSV pretreatment reduced tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF/TNF?)-induced inflammation and increased MAP1LC3B2 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 ? 2) expression and SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) degradation in a concentration-dependent manner. A bafilomycin A 1 (BafA1) challenge resulted in further accumulation of MAP1LC3B2 in HUVECs. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine as well as ATG5 and BECN1 siRNA significantly attenuated RSV-induced autophagy, which, subsequently, suppressed the downregulation of RSV-induced inflammatory factors expression. RSV also increased cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) content, the expression of PRKA (protein kinase A) and SIRT1 (sirtuin 1), as well as the activity of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). RSV-induced autophagy in HUVECs was abolished in the presence of inhibitors of ADCY (adenylyl cyclase, KH7), PRKA (H-89), AMPK (compound C), or SIRT1 (nicotinamide and EX-527), as well as ADCY, PRKA, AMPK, and SIRT1 siRNA transfection, indicating that the effects of RSV on autophagy induction were dependent on cAMP, PRKA, AMPK and SIRT1. In conclusion, RSV attenuates endothelial inflammation by inducing autophagy, and the autophagy in part was mediated through the activation of the cAMP-PRKA-AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety; Chongqing, China
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198
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Yang K, Xu C, Li X, Jiang H. Combination of D942 With Curcumin Protects Cardiomyocytes From Ischemic Damage Through Promoting Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 18:570-81. [PMID: 24057865 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413503495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is one of the main causes of sudden cardiac death. Autophagy has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced damage. A small molecule compound 5-(3-(4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethoxy)phenyl)propyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (D942) has been previously shown to specifically activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cancer cells. Another reagent, curcumin, has been shown to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway in tumor cells. Since AMPK signaling induces autophagy, while mTOR signaling inhibits autophagy, here we tested the potential protective efficacy of D942 with curcumin for cardiomyocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with D942 and curcumin after being subjected to OGD/R. Cell survival and autophagy-related signal pathways were measured after treatment. Our data indicated both D942 and curcumin enhanced cell survival after OGD/R. The D942 and curcumin induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes through activating AMPK pathway or inhibiting mTOR signaling. Induction of autophagy by D942 and curcumin was the cause of cardioprotection, since inhibition of autophagy abolished the protective efficacy. Furthermore, combination treatment with D942 and curcumin profoundly upregulated autophagy after OGD/R and significantly promoted cell survival. Treatment with D942 and curcumin significantly upregulated autophagy in a murine myocardial I/R model. Taken together, our research suggests that D942 and curcumin could be promising therapeutic agents for myocardial I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenhong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wuhan, China
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199
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Nys K, Agostinis P, Vermeire S. Autophagy: a new target or an old strategy for the treatment of Crohn's disease? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10:395-401. [PMID: 23591407 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past 5 years much progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of Crohn's disease, a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Data suggest that hampered autophagy--the major lysosomal pathway for recycling of cytoplasmic material--might contribute to an increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Consequently, intense investigations have started to evaluate the potential value of autophagy as a therapeutic target and as a highly needed diagnostic tool. Interestingly, as well as the promising introduction of direct autophagic modulators, several drugs already used in the treatment of Crohn's disease might exert at least part of their effect through the regulation of autophagy. However, whether this phenomenon contributes to or rather counteracts their therapeutic use, remains to be determined and might prove to be highly compound-specific. Here we review the complex and emerging role of autophagy modulation in the battle against Crohn's disease. Moreover, we discuss the potential benefits and deleterious effects of autophagic regulation by both new and clinically used drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Nys
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 701, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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200
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Deng YN, Shi J, Liu J, Qu QM. Celastrol protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone-induced injury through induction of autophagy. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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