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Šimečková P, Slavík J, Fořtová A, Huvarová I, Králiková L, Stefanik M, Svoboda P, Ruzek D, Machala M. Tick-borne encephalitis virus modulates sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism in infected human neuronal cells. Microbes Infect 2024:105303. [PMID: 38272253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The life cycle of enveloped viruses is closely linked to host-cell lipids. However, changes in lipid metabolism during infections with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) have not been described. TBEV is a medically important orthoflavivirus, which is endemic to many parts of Europe and Asia. In the present study, we performed targeted lipidomics with HPLC-MS/MS to evaluate changes in phospholipid and sphingolipid concentrations in TBEV-infected human neuronal SK-N-SH cells. TBEV infections significantly increased phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine levels within 48 h post-infection (hpi). Sphingolipids were slightly increased in dihydroceramides within 24 hpi. Later, at 48 hpi, the contents of sphinganine, dihydroceramides, ceramides, glucosylceramides, and ganglioside GD3 were elevated. On the other hand, sphingosine-1-phosphate content was slightly reduced in TBEV-infected cells. Changes in sphingolipid concentrations were accompanied by suppressed expression of a majority of the genes linked to sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, we found that a pharmacological inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis, fenretinide (4-HPR), inhibited TBEV infections in SK-N-SH cells. Taken together, our results suggested that both structural and signaling functions of lipids could be affected during TBEV infections. These changes might be connected to virus propagation and/or host-cell defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Šimečková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Fořtová
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Huvarová
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Králiková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Stefanik
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Al-Bustany HA, Muhammad HA, Chawsheen MA, Dash PR. Fenretinide induces apoptosis and synergises the apoptosis inducing effect of gemcitabine through inhibition of key signalling molecules involved in A549 cell survival in in silico and in vitro analyses. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110885. [PMID: 37704095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fenretinide is a synthetic retinoid compound, which induces apoptosis via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. We hypothesise that fenretinide's mechanism of action in triggering apoptosis may involve other targets, beside mTOR signalling pathway and it may augment apoptosis inducing effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer. Time-lapse microscopy and Western blotting were used to evaluate apoptosis and apoptotic marker cleaved-Caspase 3 in A549 cells. Relative levels of protein phosphorylation and ROS were quantified by Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit and CellROX® Green Reagent, respectively. Docking and simulation analyses of proteins and fenretinide interactions were identified and visualised by Discovery Studio Visualizer and AutoDock Vina software. Our results showed that fenretinide induced apoptosis in a dose dependant manner and combinations of fenretinide (5 μg/mL) and gemcitabine (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 μg/mL) synergistically enhanced apoptosis in A549 cells. Fenretinide caused significant increase of cleaved-Caspase 3, de-phosphorylated p-S473 of Akt and failed to inhibit mTORC1 downstream targets. In silico results revealed that Akt required the lowest energy (-10.2 kcal/mol) to interact with fenretinide in comparison with other proteins. In conclusion, Akt may be exploited as a good target for induction of apoptosis in A549 cells and fenretinide has great potentials to fulfil this task. The mechanism by which fenretinide boosts the apoptosis inducing effects of gemcitabine, which is likely expected to be via inhibiting mTORC2 downstream targets. However, docking investigation revealed that fenretinide lacks specificity as it may also interact with several secondary targets beside Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A Al-Bustany
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Hawzheen A Muhammad
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mahmoud A Chawsheen
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Education, Soran University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Medical Research Centre, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region. Iraq.
| | - Phil R Dash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Chingle RM, Imai M, Altman S, Saito D, Takahashi N, Burke TR. Examination of aminophenol-containing compounds designed as antiproliferative agents and potential atypical retinoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 82:117214. [PMID: 36913882 PMCID: PMC10107075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA, 1), an oxidized form of vitamin A, binds to retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) to regulate gene expression and has important functions such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Synthetic ligands regarding RAR and RXR have been devised for the treatment of various diseases, particularly promyelocytic leukemia, but their side effects have led to the development of new, less toxic therapeutic agents. Fenretinide (4-HPR, 2), an aminophenol derivative of RA, exhibits potent antiproliferative activity without binding to RAR/RXR, but its clinical trial was discontinued due to side effects of impaired dark adaptation. Assuming that the cyclohexene ring of 4-HPR is the cause of the side effects, methylaminophenol was discovered through structure-activity relationship research, and p-dodecylaminophenol (p-DDAP, 3), which has no side effects or toxicity and is effective against a wide range of cancers, was developed. Therefore, we thought that introducing the motif carboxylic acid found in retinoids, could potentially enhance the anti-proliferative effects. Introducing chain terminal carboxylic functionality into potent p-alkylaminophenols significantly attenuated antiproliferative potencies, while a similar structural modification of weakly potent p-acylaminophenols enhanced growth inhibitory potencies. However, conversion of the carboxylic acid moieties to their methyl esters completely abolished the cell growth inhibitory effects of both series. Insertion of a carboxylic acid moiety, which is important for binding to RA receptors, abolishes the action of p-alkylaminophenols, but enhances the action of p-acylaminophenols. This suggests that the amido functionality may be important for the growth inhibitory effects of the carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh M Chingle
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Masahiko Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Sarah Altman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Dong X, Feng Y, Xu D, Zhang M, Wen X, Zhao W, Hu Q, Zhang Q, Fu H, Ping J. Targeting macrophagic 17 β-HSD7 by fenretinide for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:142-156. [PMID: 36815031 PMCID: PMC9939369 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis. However, which molecule regulates macrophage polarization in NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we showed NAFLD mice exhibited increased 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17β-HSD7) expression in hepatic macrophages concomitantly with elevated M1 polarization. Single-cell RNA sequencing on hepatic non-parenchymal cells isolated from wild-type littermates and macrophage-17β-HSD7 knockout mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks revealed that lipid metabolism pathways were notably changed. Furthermore, 17β-HSD7 deficiency in macrophages attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and liver injury. Mechanistically, 17β-HSD7 triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing free cholesterol content, thereby promoting M1 polarization of macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, to help demonstrate that 17β-HSD7 is a potential drug target for NAFLD, fenretinide was screened out from an FDA-approved drug library based on its 17β-HSD7 dehydrogenase inhibitory activity. Fenretinide dose-dependently abrogated macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and subsequently inhibited fat deposition in hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that blockade of 17β-HSD7 signaling by fenretinide would be a drug repurposing strategy for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yiting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qintong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 6875 9310; fax: +86 27 8733 1670.
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Melis M, Tang XH, Mai K, Gudas LJ, Trasino SE. Fenretinide Reduces Intestinal Mucin-2-Positive Goblet Cells in Chronic Alcohol Abuse. Pharmacology 2022; 107:406-416. [PMID: 35551126 DOI: 10.1159/000524386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol-induced thickening of the gut mucosal layer and increased expression of goblet cell gel-forming mucins, such as mucin-2 (MUC2) are associated with disruptions to the gut barrier in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Interest in drugs that can target gut mucins in ALD has grown; however to date, no studies have examined the properties of drugs on expression of gut mucins in models of ALD. We previously demonstrated that at 10 mg/kg/day, the drug fenretinide (N-[4-hydroxyphenyl] retinamide [Fen]), a synthetic retinoid, mitigates alcohol-associated damage to the gut barrier and liver injury in a murine model of ALD. METHODS In this study, we specifically sought to examine the effects of Fen on gut goblet cells, and expression of mucins, including MUC2 using a 25-day Lieber-DeCarli model of chronic alcohol intake. RESULTS Our results show that chronic alcohol intake increased gut-mucosal thickening, goblet cell numbers, and mRNA and protein expression of MUC2 in both the ileum and colon. Alcohol intake was associated with marked decreases in ileal and colonic Notch signaling, levels of Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4, and increases in the expression of Notch-associated genes indispensable for goblet cell specification, including Math1 and Spdef. Interestingly, ileal and colonic expression of KLF4, which is involved in terminal differentiation of goblet cells, was reduced in mice chronically fed alcohol. Coadministration of alcohol with Fen at 10 mg/kg/day significantly reduced alcohol-associated increases in ileal and colonic mucosal thickening, ileal Muc2, colonic Muc2, Muc5ac and Muc6 mRNAs, and goblet cell numbers. We also found that Fen strongly prevented alcohol-mediated suppression of the Notch ligand Dll1, Notch signaling, and alcohol-induced increases in expression of Notch-associated goblet cell specification genes in both the ileum and colon. In the absence of alcohol, Fen treatments alone at 10 mg/kg/day had no effects on any of the goblet cell-related endpoints. CONCLUSION These data show for the first time that the drug Fen possesses mucosal layer-modulating properties in response to chronic alcohol abuse. These data warrant further preclinical examination of Fen given the need for anti-ALD drugs and emerging evidence of a role for intestinal goblet cell mucins in the progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen Mai
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven E Trasino
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.,Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Kim N, Priefer R. Retinol binding protein 4 antagonists and protein synthesis inhibitors: Potential for therapeutic development. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113856. [PMID: 34547506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that transports Vitamin A. RBP4 is correlated with numerous diseases and metabolic syndromes, including insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and macular degeneration. Recently, RBP4 antagonists and protein synthesis inhibitors are under development to regulate the effect of RBP4. Several RBP4 antagonists, especially BPN-14136, have demonstrated promising safety profiles and potential therapeutic benefits in animal studies. Two RBP4 antagonists, specifically tinlarebant (Belite Bio) and STG-001 (Stargazer) are currently undergoing clinical trials. Some antidiabetic drugs and nutraceuticals have been reported to reduce RBP4 expression, but more clinical data is needed to evaluate their therapeutical benefits. As regulating RBP4 levels or its activities would benefit a wide range of patients, further research is highly recommended to develop clinically useful RBP4 antagonists or protein synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noheul Kim
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronny Priefer
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Alsanafi M, Brown RDR, Oh J, Adams DR, Torta F, Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Dihydroceramide Desaturase Functions as an Inducer and Rectifier of Apoptosis: Effect of Retinol Derivatives, Antioxidants and Phenolic Compounds. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:461-475. [PMID: 33991313 PMCID: PMC8551130 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroceramide desaturase (Degs1) catalyses the introduction of a 4,5-trans double bond into dihydroceramide to form ceramide. We show here that Degs1 is polyubiquitinated in response to retinol derivatives, phenolic compounds or anti-oxidants in HEK293T cells. The functional predominance of native versus polyubiquitinated forms of Degs1 appears to govern cytotoxicity. Therefore, 4-HPR or celecoxib appear to stimulate the de novo ceramide pathway (with the exception of C24:0 ceramide), using native Degs1, and thereby promote PARP cleavage and LC3B-I/II processing (autophagy/apoptosis). The ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of Degs1 is positively linked to cell survival via XBP-1s and results in a concomitant increase in dihydroceramides and a decrease in C24:0 ceramide levels. However, in the case of 4-HPR or celecoxib, the native form of Degs1 functionally predominates, such that the apoptotic programme is sustained. In contrast, 4-HPA or AM404 do not produce apoptotic ceramide, using native Degs1, but do promote a rectifier function to induce ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of Degs1 and are not cytotoxic. Therefore, Degs1 appears to function both as an ‘inducer’ and ‘rectifier’ of apoptosis in response to chemical cellular stress, the dynamic balance for which is dependent on the nature of chemical stress, thereby determining cytotoxicity. The de novo synthesis of ceramide or the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of Degs1 in response to anti-oxidants, retinol derivatives and phenolic compounds appear to involve sensors, and for rectifier function, this might be Degs1 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Alsanafi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Jeongah Oh
- SLING, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David R Adams
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Cao Y, Lin Y, Sun Y, Liu W, Shao Y, Zheng C. Fenretinide regulates macrophage polarization to protect against experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Bioengineered 2020; 12:151-161. [PMID: 33380244 PMCID: PMC8806340 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1859259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenretinide (4-HPR), a synthetic retinoid, has attracted attention for its anti-inflammation activity. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of 4-HPR on ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 4-HPR on UC, and to explore the mechanisms mainly focused on macrophage polarization involved in this progress. Intraperitoneally administered 4-HPR particularly at dose of 100 mg/kg obviously alleviated UC symptoms and restrained the mRNA expression of colonic IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice. Further analysis showed that 4-HPR decreased the mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers IL-12 and iNOS, while increased M2 macrophage markers Ym1, Arg1 and MRC1 in colonic tissue of mice received DSS. Consistently, an in vitro study revealed that 4-HPR decreased inflammatory response and M1 polarization, while enhanced M2 polarization in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, 4-HPR remarkably activated PPAR-γ which was an important regulator of macrophage polarization both in colonic tissue of UC mice and in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, these effects of 4-HPR in vivo and in vitro including anti-inflammation and modulation of macrophage polarization were partially abolished by treatment with PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662, indicating that 4-HPR activated PPAR-γ to exert its activities. Taken together, this study demonstrated that 4-HPR might be a potent anti-UC agent that works by regulating macrophage polarization via PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichuan Shao
- School of Information Engineering, Shenyang University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Garić D, Dumut DC, Shah J, De Sanctis JB, Radzioch D. The role of essential fatty acids in cystic fibrosis and normalizing effect of fenretinide. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4255-67. [PMID: 32394023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal-recessive disease in Caucasians caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. Patients are usually diagnosed in infancy and are burdened with extensive medical treatments throughout their lives. One of the first documented biochemical defects in CF, which predates the cloning of CFTR gene for almost three decades, is an imbalance in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The principal hallmarks of this imbalance are increased levels of arachidonic acid and decreased levels of docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in CF. This pro-inflammatory profile of PUFAs is an important component of sterile inflammation in CF, which is known to be detrimental, rather than protective for the patients. Despite decades of intensive research, the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on the biochemistry of PUFAs, with a focus on the metabolism of AA and DHA in CF. Finally, a synthetic retinoid called fenretinide (N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl) retinamide) was shown to be able to correct the pro-inflammatory imbalance of PUFAs in CF. Therefore, its pharmacological actions and clinical potential are briefly discussed as well.
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Wang Y, Ding Y, Wang C, Gao M, Xu Y, Ma X, Ma X, Cui H, Li L. Fenretinide-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate with improved solubility enhanced cytotoxicity to cancer cell and potent in vivo efficacy. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:962-970. [PMID: 32366203 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1765377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide (4-HPR), a synthetic retinoid, has shown its antitumor activity in many tumor types with low cytotoxicity to normal cells and high clinical safety. However, the low water solubility limits its further biological applications. To increase solubility, 4-HPR was conjugated with methoxy polyethylene glycol carboxylic acid (mPEG2K-COOH) by an ester linkage between the phenol hydroxyl of 4-HPR and the carboxyl of mPEG2K-COOH. The 4-HPR-PEG2K conjugate micelles had mean size of 76.70 ± 1.248 nm with a narrow distribution and a low critical micelle concentration. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed the micelles have higher cytotoxicity to A2780s and MCF-7 cells. Its IC50 was 4.7 and 4.1-fold lower than the free 4-HPR, respectively. Importantly, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, the AUC of 4-HPR was found to be 2.3-fold higher in 4-HPR-PEG2K micelles compared to free 4-HPR. And the 4-HPR-PEG2K micelles had higher antitumor activity. Meanwhile, the histopathology analysis exhibited that the micellar treatment decreased the viability of A2780s cells and increased the level of induced apoptosis. Therefore, the enhanced activity of 4-HPR by the method of conjugation with mPEG2K-COOH could hopefully provide new insights into the matter of ovarian cancer and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Youwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
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Xiong J, Kuang X, Lu T, Liu X, Cheng B, Wang W, Wei D, Li X, Zhang Z, Fang Q, Wu D, Wang J. Fenretinide-induced Apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via NR4A1 Translocation into Mitochondria and Bcl-2 Transformation. J Cancer 2019; 10:6767-6778. [PMID: 31839811 PMCID: PMC6909957 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Fenretinide is reported to induce NR4A1-associated apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. However, it remains unclear about its specific role and the underlying mechanism in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of fenretinide-induced apoptosis in AML. METHOD: Firstly, the NR4A1 mRNA level in the newly diagnosed AML patients was measured, then AML cells were treated with fenretinide at various time points and doses, and cell viability was investigated by using the cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Additionally, apoptosis and cell cycles were analyzed by using flow cytometry. Moreover, siNR4A1 was utilized to knockdown NR4A1 expression, and leptomycin B (LMB) was adopted to inhibit the nuclear export; afterwards, the apoptosis rate and expression of apoptotic proteins in AML cells were detected. In addition, the expression levels of NR4A1 in the nuclei and mitochondria of fenretinide-treated AML cells were also measured. Meanwhile, the interaction between NR4A1 and Bcl-2, as well as the Bcl-2 transformation, was also examined. The anti-leukemic effect of fenretinide on NOD/SCID mice was also determined through subcutaneous injection of HL-60 cells. RESULTS: NR4A1 expression in AML patients was markedly down-regulated compared with that in normal donors. Fenretinide induced the expression of NR4A1 and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway-associated proteins in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, both siNR4A1 alone or the combination of fenretinide with LMB could attenuate the fenretinide-induced apoptosis and expression of apoptotic proteins. Under the action of fenretinide, the NR4A1 protein expression was down-regulated in nuclear extracts whereas up-regulated in mitochondrial extracts. At the same time, fenretinide promoted NR4A1 translocation from nuclei into mitochondria, and enhanced the interaction between NR4A1 and Bcl-2, thereby exposing the BH3 domain of Bcl-2 to exert the anti-apoptotic effect. Moreover, fenretinide also exhibited an anti-leukemic effect and induced NR4A1 expression in the AML mouse model. CONCLUSIONS: Fenretinide exerts an obvious effect on AML cells both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, the NR4A1-mediated signaling pathway is highly involved in the fenretinide-induced apoptosis of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis under Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xingyi Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Bingqing Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis under Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
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12
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Orienti I, Salvati V, Sette G, Zucchetti M, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Peschiaroli A, Zolla L, Francescangeli F, Ferrari M, Matteo C, Bello E, Di Virgilio A, Falchi M, De Angelis ML, Baiocchi M, Melino G, De Maria R, Zeuner A, Eramo A. A novel oral micellar fenretinide formulation with enhanced bioavailability and antitumour activity against multiple tumours from cancer stem cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:373. [PMID: 31439019 PMCID: PMC6706930 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background An increasing number of anticancer agents has been proposed in recent years with the attempt to overcome treatment-resistant cancer cells and particularly cancer stem cells (CSC), the major culprits for tumour resistance and recurrence. However, a huge obstacle to treatment success is the ineffective delivery of drugs within the tumour environment due to limited solubility, short circulation time or inconsistent stability of compounds that, together with concomitant dose-limiting systemic toxicity, contribute to hamper the achievement of therapeutic drug concentrations. The synthetic retinoid Fenretinide (4-hydroxy (phenyl)retinamide; 4-HPR) formerly emerged as a promising anticancer agent based on pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, a major limitation of fenretinide is traditionally represented by its poor aqueous solubility/bioavailability due to its hydrophobic nature, that undermined the clinical success of previous clinical trials. Methods Here, we developed a novel nano-micellar fenretinide formulation called bionanofenretinide (Bio-nFeR), based on drug encapsulation in an ion-pair stabilized lipid matrix, with the aim to raise fenretinide bioavailability and antitumour efficacy. Results Bio-nFeR displayed marked antitumour activity against lung, colon and melanoma CSC both in vitro and in tumour xenografts, in absence of mice toxicity. Bio-nFeR is suitable for oral administration, reaching therapeutic concentrations within tumours and an unprecedented therapeutic activity in vivo as single agent. Conclusion Altogether, our results indicate Bio-nFeR as a novel anticancer agent with low toxicity and high activity against tumourigenic cells, potentially useful for the treatment of solid tumours of multiple origin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1383-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Orienti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvati
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sette
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology IFT, Rome, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Mariella Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Matteo
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- Service for Biotechnology and Animal Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Baiocchi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Mo X, Zheng Z, He Y, Zhong H, Kang X, Shi M, Liu T, Jiao Z, Huang Y. Antiglioma via regulating oxidative stress and remodeling tumor-associated macrophage using lactoferrin-mediated biomimetic codelivery of simvastatin/ fenretinide. J Control Release 2018; 287:12-23. [PMID: 30096402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of malignant glioma still remains a formidable challenge due to lack of the effective BBB-permeable drugs and efficient brain delivery methods, and the pharmacotherapy options are very limited. Therefore, to develop an effective therapeutic strategy is a pressing need. In this work, a noncytotoxic drug combination (i.e., simvastatin and fenretinide) was revealed to be potent for treating glioma, which was co-encapsulated into a TPGS-TAT-embedded lactoferrin nanoparticle system for achieving brain-targeted biomimetic delivery via the LRP-1 receptor. It was shown that the lactoferrin nanoparticle repolarized the tumor-associated macrophages from the M2 phenotype to M1 via regulating the STAT6 pathway, as well as induced the ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis by inhibiting the Ras/Raf/p-Erk pathway in the glioma cells. The antiglioma efficacy was further demonstrated in both the subcutaneous and orthotopic glioma models. The repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages not only prompted the ROS generation but also induced the innate immunity (e.g., antitumor cytokine release). This delivery and therapeutic strategy provides a novel modality for the glioma treatment.
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14
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Nieto K, Pei P, Wang D, Mallery SR, Schwendeman SP. In vivo controlled release of fenretinide from long-acting release depots for chemoprevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma recurrence. Int J Pharm 2017; 538:48-56. [PMID: 29170116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Local, long-acting release fenretinide (4HPR) millicylindrical implants were prepared and evaluated for their release kinetics in vivo and their ability to suppress oral cancer tumor explant growth. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) implants were prepared as a function of drug loading and the presence of various excipients (pore-formers, solubilizers, crystallization inhibitors) to enhance release of the insoluble 4HPR. Release kinetics and bioerosion of PLGA were monitored both in vitro in a PBS/Tween 80 buffer and in vivo by recovery of the drug remaining at the injection site. 4HPR was released from PLGA implants much slower in vivo than in the drug solubilizing media in vitro, with a 3-week lag phase and continuous release of >2 months, but showed some release enhancement by addition of solubilizers. Water-soluble PVA/sucrose implants for release of 4HPR served to determine if drug dissolution provided suitable controlled release without the PLGA, and this formulation showed continuous drug release over 6 weeks in vivo. Placement of PLGA-4HPR implants adjacent to oral cancer tumor murine xenografts showed inhibition of tumor growth relative to sham implants, indicating the potential for the local 4HPR delivery approach to be useful for oral cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology Ohio State University, 305 W. 12thAve, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology Ohio State University, 305 W. 12thAve, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology Ohio State University, 305 W. 12thAve, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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15
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Abstract
Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that has cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Despite substantial in vitro cytotoxicity, response rates in early clinical trials with 4-HPR have been less than anticipated, likely due to the low bioavailability of the initial oral capsule formulation. Several clinical studies have shown that the oral capsule formulation at maximum tolerated dose (MTD) achieved <10 µmol/L concentrations in patients. To improve bioavailability of 4-HPR, new oral powder (LYM-X-SORB®, LXS) and intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) formulations are being tested in early-phase clinical trials. ILE 4-HPR administered as five-day continuous infusion achieved over 50 µmol/L at MTD with minimal systemic toxicities; multiple complete and partial responses were observed in peripheral T cell lymphomas. The LXS oral powder 4-HPR formulation increased plasma levels approximately two-fold at MTD in children without dose-limiting toxicities and demonstrated multiple complete responses in recurrent neuroblastoma. The clinical activity observed with new 4-HPR formulations is attributed to increased bioavailability. Phase I and II clinical trials of both LXS 4-HPR and ILE 4-HPR are in progress as a single agent or in combination with other drugs. Impact statement One of the critical components in drug development is understanding pharmacology (especially pharmacokinetics) of the drugs being developed. Often the pharmacokinetic properties, such as poor solubility leading to poor bioavailability, of the drug can limit further development of the drug. The development of numerous drugs has often halted at clinical testing stages, and several of them were due to the pharmacological properties of the agents, resulting in increased drug development cost. The current review provides an example of how improved clinical activity can be achieved by changing the formulations of a drug with poor bioavailability. Thus, it emphasizes the importance of understanding pharmacologic characteristics of the drug in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Cooper
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Divisions of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Hwangeui Cho
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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16
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Yan W, Du J, Du Y, Pu H, Liu S, He J, Zhang J, Hou J. Fenretinide targets the side population in myeloma cell line NCI-H929 and potentiates the efficacy of antimyeloma with bortezomib and dexamethasone regimen. Leuk Res 2016; 51:32-40. [PMID: 27821288 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells, a subset of enriched tumor initiating cells, have been demonstrated to have stem cell-like properties in multiple myeloma (MM) by us as well as other previous studies. A lack of agents targeting tumor initiating cells, however, represents a challenge in the treatment of MM. Previously, fenretinide, a well-tolerated vitamin A derivative, has been shown to exert effect on leukemic stem cells, but its actions against myeloma stem-like cells are still unknown. In this study, the effects of fenretinide on myeloma stem-like cells characteristic was comprehensively examined in SP and non-SP (MP) cells of NCI-H929 cell sorted by flow cytometry-based on Hoechst 33342 stain. We find that fenretinide is capable of eradicating MM SP and MP cells, but not normal bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) at physiologically achievable concentrations. Fenretinide alone exerted a selective cytotoxic effect on MM SP cells, as well as in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone. In particular, SP cells were highly sensitive to fenretinide, and in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in colony formation and apoptosis assays. Accordingly, the apparent fenretinide-induced-apoptosis was linked to the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we propose that fenretinide is a potent agent that targets tumor initiating cells and may be a promising therapeutic agent in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Honglei Pu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Boppana NB, DeLor JS, Van Buren E, Bielawska A, Bielawski J, Pierce JS, Korbelik M, Separovic D. Enhanced apoptotic cancer cell killing after Foscan photodynamic therapy combined with fenretinide via de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 159:191-5. [PMID: 27085050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We and others have shown that stresses, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), can disrupt the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway, leading to changes in the levels of sphingolipids, and subsequently, modulation of cell death. The de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway includes a ceramide synthase-dependent reaction, giving rise to dihydroceramide, which is then converted in a desaturase-dependent reaction to ceramide. In this study we tested the hypothesis that combining Foscan-mediated PDT with desaturase inhibitor fenretinide (HPR) enhances cancer cell killing. We discovered that by subjecting SCC19 cells, a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line, to PDT+HPR resulted in enhanced accumulation of C16-dihydroceramide, not ceramide. Concomitantly, mitochondrial depolarization was enhanced by the combined treatment. Enhanced activation of caspase-3 after PDT+HPR was inhibited by FB. Enhanced clonogenic cell death after the combination was sensitive to FB, as well as Bcl2- and caspase inhibitors. Treatment of mouse SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma tumors with PDT+HPR resulted in improved long-term tumor cures. Overall, our data showed that combining PDT with HPR enhanced apoptotic cancer cell killing and antitumor efficacy of PDT. The data suggest the involvement of the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway in enhanced apoptotic cell killing after PDT+HPR, and identify the combination as a novel more effective anticancer treatment than either treatment alone.
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18
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Cheung BB. Combination therapies improve the anticancer activities of retinoids in neuroblastoma. World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:212-215. [PMID: 26677433 PMCID: PMC4675905 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i6.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutic protocols for child cancers use cytotoxic agents which have a narrow therapeutic index, and resulting in severe acute and chronic toxicities to normal tissues. Despite the fact that most child cancer patients achieve complete remission after chemotherapy, death still occurs due to relapse of persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) which remaining after initial cytotoxic chemotherapy. Advanced neuroblastoma (NB) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in young children. Retinoids are an important component of advanced NB therapy at the stage of MRD, yet half of all patients treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid still relapse and die. More effective combination therapies, with a lower side-effect profile, are required to improve outcomes for NB. Fenretinide or N-4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide is a synthetic derivative of retinoic acid which works on cancer cells through nuclear receptor-dependent and -independent signalling mechanisms. Moreover, several histone deacetylase inhibitors have entered early phase trials, and, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid has been approved for use in adult cutaneous T cell lymphoma. A number of studies suggest that retinoid signal activation is necessary for histone deacetylase inhibitor activity. A better understanding of their mechanism of actions will lead to more evidence-based retinoid combination therapies.
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19
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Mcilroy GD, Tammireddy SR, Maskrey BH, Grant L, Doherty MK, Watson DG, Delibegović M, Whitfield PD, Mody N. Fenretinide mediated retinoic acid receptor signalling and inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis regulates adipogenesis, lipid accumulation, mitochondrial function and nutrient stress signalling in adipocytes and adipose tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 100:86-97. [PMID: 26592777 PMCID: PMC4762576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide (FEN) is a synthetic retinoid that inhibits obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and completely prevents 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) of FEN action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in mice. We used the 3T3-L1 model of adipogenesis, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue from HFD-induced obese mice to investigate the mechanisms of FEN action. We measured expression of adipogenic and retinoid genes by qPCR and activation of nutrient-signalling pathways by western blotting. Global lipid and metabolite analysis was performed and specific ceramide lipid species measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We provide direct evidence that FEN inhibits 3T3-L1 adipogenesis via RA-receptor (RAR)-dependent signaling. However, RARα antagonism did not prevent FEN-induced decreases in lipid levels in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting an RAR-independent mechanism. Lipidomics analysis revealed that FEN increased dihydroceramide lipid species 5- to 16-fold in adipocytes, indicating an inhibition of the final step of ceramide biosynthesis. A similar blockade in adipose tissue from FEN-treated obese mice was associated with a complete normalisation of impaired mitochondrial β-oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux. The FEN catabolite, 4-oxo-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-OXO), also decreased lipid accumulation without affecting adipogenesis. FEN and 4-OXO (but not RA) treatment additionally led to the activation of p38-MAPK, peIF2α and autophagy markers in adipocytes. Overall our data reveals FEN utilises both RAR-dependent and -independent pathways to regulate adipocyte biology, both of which may be required for FEN to prevent obesity and insulin resistance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Mcilroy
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Seshu R Tammireddy
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK.
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK.
| | - Louise Grant
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK.
| | - David G Watson
- Metabolomics Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Mirela Delibegović
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK.
| | - Nimesh Mody
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Casasampere M, Ordoñez YF, Pou A, Casas J. Inhibitors of dihydroceramide desaturase 1: Therapeutic agents and pharmacological tools to decipher the role of dihydroceramides in cell biology. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 197:33-44. [PMID: 26248324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroceramide desaturase (Des1) is the last enzyme in the de novo synthesis of ceramides (Cer). It catalyzes the insertion of a double bond into dihydroceramides (dhCer) to convert them to Cer, both of which are further metabolized to more complex (dihydro) sphingolipids. For many years dhCer have received poor attention, mainly due to their supposed lack of biological activity. It was not until about ten years ago that the concept that dhCer might have regulatory roles in biology emerged for the first time. Since then, multiple publications have established that dhCer are implicated in a wide spectrum of biological processes. Physiological and pathophysiological functions of dhCer have been recently reviewed. In this review we will focus on the biochemical features of Des1 and on its inhibition by different compounds with presumably different modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yadira F Ordoñez
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Pou
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Graves RA, Ledet GA, Glotser EY, Mitchner DM, Bostanian LA, Mandal TK. Formulation and evaluation of biodegradable nanoparticles for the oral delivery of fenretinide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:1-9. [PMID: 25933716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide is an anticancer drug with low water solubility and poor bioavailability. The goal of this study was to develop biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles of fenretinide with the intent of increasing its apparent aqueous solubility and intestinal permeability. Three biodegradable polymers were investigated for this purpose: two different poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) polymers, one acid terminated and one ester terminated, and one poly lactide-co-glycolide/polyethylene glycol (PLGA/PEG) diblock copolymer. Nanoparticles were obtained by using an emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The formulations were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analysis. Dissolution studies and Caco-2 cell permeation studies were also carried out for all formulations. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) and ultraviolet detection was used for the quantitative determination of fenretinide. Drug loading and the type of polymer affected the nanoparticles' physical properties, drug release rate, and cell permeability. While the acid terminated PLGA nanoparticles performed the best in drug release, the ester terminated PLGA nanoparticles performed the best in the Caco-2 cell permeability assays. The PLGA/PEG copolymer nanoparticles performed better than the formulations with ester terminated PLGA in terms of drug release but had the poorest performance in terms of cell permeation. All three categories of formulations performed better than the drug alone in both drug release and cell permeation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Graves
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, United States
| | - Grace A Ledet
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, United States
| | - Elena Y Glotser
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, United States
| | - Demaurian M Mitchner
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, United States
| | - Levon A Bostanian
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, United States.
| | - Tarun K Mandal
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, United States
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Ledet GA, Graves RA, Glotser EY, Mandal TK, Bostanian LA. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of hydrophilic fenretinide nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2014; 479:329-37. [PMID: 25542987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide is an effective anti-cancer drug with high in vitro cytotoxicity and low in vivo systemic toxicity. In clinical trials, fenretinide has shown poor therapeutic efficacy following oral administration - attributed to its low bioavailability and solubility. The long term goal of this project is to develop a formulation for the oral delivery of fenretinide. The purpose of this part of the study was to prepare and characterize hydrophilic nanoparticle formulations of fenretinide. Three different ratios of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to fenretinide were used, namely, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1. Both drug and polymer were dissolved in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (2:23 v/v). Rotary evaporation was used to remove the solvents, and, following reconstitution with water, a high pressure homogenizer was used to form nanoparticles. The particle size and polydispersity index were measured before and after lyophilization. The formulations were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The effectiveness of the formulations was assessed by release studies and Caco-2 cell permeability assays. As the PVP content increased, the recovered particle size following lyophilization became more consistent with the pre-lyophilization particle size, especially for those formulations with less lactose. The DSC scans of the formulations did not show any fenretinide melting endotherms, indicating that the drug was either present in an amorphous form in the formulation or that a solid solution of the drug in PVP had formed. For the release studies, the highest drug release among the formulations was 249.2±35.5ng/mL for the formulation with 4:1 polymer-to-drug. When the permeability of the formulations was evaluated in a Caco-2 cell model, the mean normalized flux for each treatment group was significantly higher (p<0.05) from the fenretinide control. The formulation containing 4:1 polymer-to-drug ratio and 6:5 lactose-to-formulation ratio emerged as the optimal choice for further evaluation as a potential oral delivery formulation for fenretinide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Ledet
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Richard A Graves
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Elena Y Glotser
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Tarun K Mandal
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Levon A Bostanian
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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Pignatta S, Orienti I, Falconi M, Teti G, Arienti C, Medri L, Zanoni M, Carloni S, Zoli W, Amadori D, Tesei A. Albumin nanocapsules containing fenretinide: pre-clinical evaluation of cytotoxic activity in experimental models of human non-small cell lung cancer. Nanomedicine 2014; 11:263-73. [PMID: 25461293 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study deals with the preparation of albumin nanocapsules containing fenretinide and their evaluation in experimental models of human non-small cell lung cancer. These nanocapsules showed enhanced antitumor activity with respect to free fenretinide due to the solubilization effect of albumin on the hydrophobic drug, known to improve bioavailability. The high expression of caveolin-1 on the A549 cell surface further enhanced the antitumor activity of the nanoencapsulated fenretinide. Caveolin-1 favored albumin uptake and improved the efficacy of the fenretinide-loaded albumin nanocapsules, especially in 3-D cultures where the densely packed 3-D structures impaired drug diffusibility and severely reduced the activity of the free drug. The efficacy of the fenretinide albumin nanocapsules was further confirmed in tumor xenograft models of A549 by the significant delay in tumor progression observed with respect to control after intravenous administration of the novel formulation. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This study describes the preparation of fenretinide containing albumin nanocapsules and their evaluation in experimental models of non-small cell lung cancer, showing enhanced antitumor activity compared to free fenretinide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pignatta
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Isabella Orienti
- FaBiT-Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Mirella Falconi
- DIBINEM-Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Gabriella Teti
- DIBINEM-Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Laura Medri
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, FC, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Wainer Zoli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Dino Amadori
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
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Di Paolo D, Pastorino F, Zuccari G, Caffa I, Loi M, Marimpietri D, Brignole C, Perri P, Cilli M, Nico B, Ribatti D, Pistoia V, Ponzoni M, Pagnan G. Enhanced anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic efficacy of a novel liposomal fenretinide on human neuroblastoma. J Control Release 2013; 170:445-51. [PMID: 23792118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor originating from the simpatico-adrenal lineage of the neural crest. It approximately accounts for about 15% of all pediatric oncology deaths. Despite advances in multimodal therapy, metastatic neuroblastoma tumors at diagnosis remain a clinical challenge. Retinoids are a class of compounds known to induce both terminal differentiation and apoptosis/necrosis of neuroblastoma cells. Among them, fenretinide (HPR) has been considered one of the most promising anti-tumor agent but it is partially efficacious due to both poor aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism. Here, we have developed a novel HPR formulation, by which the drug was encapsulated into sterically stabilized nanoliposomes (NL[HPR]) according to the Reverse Phase Evaporation method. This procedure led to a higher structural integrity of liposomes in organic fluids for a longer period of time, in comparison with our previous liposomal formulation developed by the film method. Moreover, NL[HPR] were further coupled with NGR peptides for targeting the tumor endothelial cell marker, aminopeptidase N (NGR-NL[HPR]). Orthotopically xenografted neuroblastoma-bearing mice treated with NGR-NL[HPR] lived statistically longer than mice untreated or treated with free HPR (NGR-NL[HPR] vs both control and HPR: P<0.0001). Also, NL[HPR] resulted in a statistically improved survival (NL[HPR] vs both control and HPR: P<0.001) but to a less extent if compared with that obtained with NGR-NL[HPR] (NGR-NL[HPR] vs NL[HPR]: P<0.01). Staining of tumor sections with antibodies specific for neuroblastoma and for either pericytes or endothelial cells evidenced that HPR reduced neuroblastoma growth through both anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects, mainly when delivered by NGR-NL[HPR]. Indeed, in this group of mice a marked reduction of tumor progression, of intra-tumoral vessel counts and VEGF expression, together with a marked down-modulation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, was observed. In conclusion, the use of this novel targeted delivery system for the apoptotic and antiangiogenic drug, fenretinide, could be considered as an adjuvant tool in the future treatment of neuroblastoma patients.
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