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Polimeno L, Barone M, Mosca A, Viggiani MT, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mavaddati S, Daniele A, Debellis L, Bilancia M, Santacroce L, Di Leo A. Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040469. [PMID: 32218321 PMCID: PMC7232402 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) requires the presence of a variety of factors predisposing a tumorigenic milieu. Excluding familial clustering and hereditary CRC syndromes, the development of sporadic CRC from precancerous lesions is influenced by tissue inflammation, modulation of intestinal immunity, hormones, dietary habits and gut microbiota composition. As concerning the last two aspects, the intestinal presence of equol, the most biologically active metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein and the presence of a genetic determinant of gut microbiota able to metabolize daidzein, seem to lower the CRC risk. It has been hypothesized that the anaerobic microorganisms of the Bacteroides genus play a role in equol production. AIM To evaluate the presence of (i) anaerobic gut microbiota and (ii) the urinary levels of soy isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and equol) in patients with and without precancerous lesions, challenged with a daidzein-rich soy extract. METHODS Consecutive subjects undergoing colonoscopy participated to the study. Feces were collected from all patients one week before colonoscopy for gut microbiota studies. After the endoscopy examination and the histological evaluation, 40 subjects, 20 with sporadic colorectal adenomas (SCA/P group) and 20 without proliferative lesions (control group) were enrolled for the study. Urine levels of soy isoflavones daidzein, genistein and their metabolite equol, were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis and gut microbiota analysis was performed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) procedure. RESULTS Seventeen different bacterial species were identified in the fecal samples of the forty subjects participating to the study. Ten bacterial species resulted anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, all belonging to the Bacteroides genus. A significant difference of bacteria species was evidenced in the fecal samples of the two groups of subjects. Particularly important was the evidence of Parabacteroides distasonis, Clostridium clostridioforme and Pediococcus pentasaceus only in control fecal samples, such as the presence of Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella melaningenica only in SCA/P fecal samples. Concerning the soy isoflavones levels, no statistically significant differences were revealed in the genistein and daidzein urinary levels between the two groups of subjects. On the contrary, urinary equol levels were undetectable in ten SCA/P subjects and in two controls; moreover, when present, the levels of urinary equol were significantly lower in SCA/P subjects compared to controls (0.24 ± 0.27 mg/24 hrs vs. 21.25 ± 4.3 mg/24 hrs, respectively, p = 1.12 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the presence of anaerobic Bacteroides in the colon, and the production of equol from soy, could determine a milieu able to contrast the development of colonic mucosa proliferative lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Polimeno
- Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (M.T.V.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Adriana Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Viggiani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (M.T.V.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41448-95655 Rasht, Iran; (F.J.); (F.M.-G.); (S.M.)
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41448-95655 Rasht, Iran; (F.J.); (F.M.-G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Mavaddati
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41448-95655 Rasht, Iran; (F.J.); (F.M.-G.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Experimental Oncology, Scientific Institute for Cancer Care and Research IRCCS “G. Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Lucantonio Debellis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceuticals, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Massimo Bilancia
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 74123 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 74123 Taranto, Italy;
- Microbiology and Virology Lab., Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-0547-8486
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (M.T.V.); (A.D.L.)
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Kim SY, Kim TW. Current challenges in the implementation of precision oncology for the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000634. [PMID: 32188714 PMCID: PMC7078672 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, molecularly targeted agents have been used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. They have made remarkable contributions to prolonging the lives of patients. The emergence of several biomarkers and their introduction to the clinic have also aided in guiding such treatment. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled clinicians to identify these biomarkers more easily and reliably. However, there is considerable uncertainty in interpreting and implementing the vast amount of information from NGS. The clinical relevance of biomarkers other than NGS are also subjects of debate. This review covers controversial issues and recent findings on such therapeutics and their molecular targets, including VEGF, EGFR, BRAF, HER2, RAS, actionable fusions, Wnt pathway and microsatellite instability for comprehensive understanding of obstacles on the road to precision oncology in metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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153
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Kim NH, Jung YS, Park JH, Park DI, Sohn CI. Risk of developing metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasia after resection of low-risk diminutive versus small adenomas. Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 91:622-630. [PMID: 31654633 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Current postpolypectomy guidelines classify 1 to 2 diminutive (1-5 mm) nonadvanced adenomas (NAAs) and 1 to 2 small (6-9 mm) NAAs as low-risk adenomas and recommend the same surveillance interval for both lesions. We compared the risk of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) for both groups. METHODS We studied 8602 patients who underwent removal of ≥1 NAA and follow-up colonoscopic surveillance. Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on size and number of baseline NAAs: group 1, ≤2 diminutive NAAs (n = 6379); group 2, ≤2 small NAAs (n = 1672); group 3, ≥3 diminutive NAAs (n = 293); and group 4, ≥3 small NAAs (n = 258). Size was classified based on the largest NAA. RESULTS The 5-year cumulative incidence rates of metachronous ACRN in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 2.7%, 5.1%, 10.7%, and 15.1%, respectively. Groups 2, 3, and 4 had a higher risk of metachronous ACRN than group 1. Compared with group 1, the adjusted hazard ratios for metachronous ACRN were 2.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-2.91) for group 2, 2.75 (95% CI, 1.53-4.96) for group 3, and 4.49 (95% CI, 2.62-7.70) for group 4. However, the risk of metachronous ACRN was not significantly different between groups 3 and 4 (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, .76-3.44). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with ≤2 NAAs, patients with 1- to 5-mm NAAs had a lower risk of metachronous ACRN than those with 6- to 9-mm NAAs. The guidelines should consider extending surveillance intervals in patients with ≤2 diminutive NAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hee Kim
- Preventive Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Il Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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154
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Lee J, Lee KS, Kim H, Jeong H, Choi MJ, Yoo HW, Han TH, Lee H. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of colorectal cancer. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:6. [PMID: 32075578 PMCID: PMC7031951 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. METHODS Using health checkup and insurance claims data of 6,365,409 subjects, the occurrence of CRC according to stage of MetS by sex was determined from the date of the health checkup in 2009 until December 31, 2018. RESULTS Cumulative incidence rates (CIR) of CRC in men and women was 3.9 and 2.8 per 1000 (p < 0.001), respectively. CIR of CRC for the normal, pre-MetS, and MetS groups in men was 2.6, 3.9, and 5.5 per 1000 (p < 0.001) and CIR in women was 2.1, 2.9, and 4.5 per 1000 (p < 0.001), respectively. Compared with the normal group, the hazard ratio (HR) of CRC for the pre-MetS group was 1.25 (95% CI 1.17-1.33) in men and 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.17) in women, and the HR of CRC for the MetS group was 1.54 (95% CI 1.43-1.65) in men and 1.39 (95% CI 1.26-1.53) in women after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We found that MetS is a risk factor for CRC in this study. Therefore, the prevention and active management of MetS would contribute to the prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHyun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Kun Sei Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyeongsu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyoseon Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Min-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hai-Won Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Tae-Hwa Han
- Health IT Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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155
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Choi YS, Kim WS, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Myung SJ, Yang SK, Byeon JS. Clinical outcomes of submucosal colorectal cancer diagnosed after endoscopic resection: a focus on the need for surgery. Intest Res 2020; 18:96-106. [PMID: 32013317 PMCID: PMC7000636 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We aimed to investigate the proportion of and risk factors for residual cancer and/or lymph node metastasis after surgery was performed because of high-risk pathological features in endoscopic resection specimen of suspected superficial submucosal colorectal cancer (SSMC). Methods We reviewed medical records of 497 patients (58.8 ± 9.8 years, 331 males) undergoing endoscopic resection of suspected SSMC. High-risk pathological features included: deep submucosal cancer invasion ≥ 1,000 μm; positive lymphovascular and/or perineural invasion; poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; and positive resection margin. We investigated the occurrence of additional surgery and residual cancer and/or lymph node involvement in the surgical specimen. Results En bloc resection was performed in 447 patients (89.9%). High-risk pathological features were detected in 372 patients (74.8%). Additional surgery was performed in 336 of 372 patients with high-risk pathological features. Of these, 47 surgical specimens (14.0%) showed residual cancer and/or lymph node metastasis. Piecemeal resection was more common in those with residual cancer and/or lymph node involvement than those without (9/47 [19.1%] vs. 24/289 [8.3%], P= 0.032). Positive resection margin was also significantly associated with positive residual cancer and/or lymph node involvement. As the number of high-risk pathological features increased, the risk of regional lymph node metastasis increased proportionally (P= 0.002). Conclusions High-risk pathological features were frequently detected after endoscopic resection of suspected SSMC while residual cancer and/or lymph node metastasis were not commonly present in the additional surgical specimen. Further optimized strategy for proper endoscopic management of suspected SSMC is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sik Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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156
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Zhang H, Liao Y, Zhang H, Wu J, Zheng D, Chen Z. Cytotoxin-associated gene A increases carcinogenicity of helicobacter pylori in colorectal adenoma. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 35:19-25. [PMID: 31971064 DOI: 10.1177/1724600819877193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the correlation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection with disease risk and severity of colorectal adenoma, also to explore the association of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) positive (CagA+)-Hp infection with gastrin and ki-67 expressions in colorectal adenoma patients. METHODS There were 1000 colorectal adenoma patients and 1500 controls consecutively enrolled, then Hp infection status was determined by 14C urea breath test and rapid urease test. Also, serum CagA expression and gastrin expression of colorectal adenoma patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ki-67 expression in adenoma tissue of colorectal adenoma patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Hp+ rate in colorectal adenoma patients (623 (62.3%)) was more elevated than that in controls (814 (54.3%)). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis disclosed that Hp+ was an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Additionally, Hp+ was positively associated with tumor size and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in colorectal adenoma patients. Also, serum gastrin expression and intratumoral ki-67 expression were higher in Hp+ CagA+ patients and Hp+ CagA- patients compared to Hp- patients, and they were also higher in Hp+ CagA+ patients compared to Hp+ CagA- patients. CONCLUSION Hp infection positively associates with higher disease risk and worse disease conditions of colorectal adenoma, and CagA enhances the carcinogenicity of Hp in colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Research Center for Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusheng Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Research Center for Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Research Center for Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Research Center for Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Research Center for Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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157
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Al-Ghafari AB, Balamash KS, Al Doghaither HA. Serum vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels as a potential diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:827-832. [PMID: 32127758 PMCID: PMC7042625 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and there has been a significant increase in the incidence of CRC in recent decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify blood biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis. It is not yet clear whether the level of vitamin D and its receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), in the blood are helpful factors in the diagnosis of CRC. Therefore, the study focuses on determining the VDR serum level’s contribution and other chemical parameters to the risk of CRC. A total of 189 Saudi participants (66 CRC patients and 123 control patients) aged 20–80 years old were enrolled in this case-control study. A serum sample was collected from each participant, and the levels of VDR and other bone profile tests were determined using ELISA or chemiluminescent assays. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results showed a highly significant reduction in the levels of total vitamin D (P < 0.0001), VDR (P < 0.0001), vitamin D3 (P < 0.05), and calcium (P < 0.0001) in the serum of CRC patients compared to the controls. However, the alkaline phosphatase level was higher in CRC patients compared to the controls (P < 0.0001). None of the blood markers showed a significant correlation to the progression of CRC (P > 0.05). More investigation is needed to elucidate different physiological processes that can be affected by these blood biomarkers, therefore changing the carcinogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat B Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 3270, Jeddah, 22252 Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 3270, Jeddah, 22252 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah S Balamash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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158
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Kong F, Zou H, Liu X, He J, Zheng Y, Xiong L, Miao X. miR-7112-3p targets PERK to regulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancer CX-1 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101663. [PMID: 31945549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality for the treatment of solid tumors. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a new photosensitizer with good therapeutic killing effects on cancer cells. Recent findings have shown that microRNAs play important roles in many biological processes. However, the functions of microRNAs in DVDMS-induced PDT remain largely unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of CX-1 cells treated with DVDMS-PDT were examined by Western blotting and cell viability assays. 15 candidate miRNAs targeting RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) were screened and verified using the TargetScan, miRWalk and miRDB databases. The downstream pathways of candidate miRNAs with high scores were studied by cell transfection, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The subcellular location of DVDMS was confirmed by laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS DVDMS-PDT induced apoptosis via elevated ER stress and activation of the PERK/ATF4/CHOP/caspase cascade pathway in CX-1 cells. The endoplasmic reticulum was involved in the subcellular accumulation of DVDMS in CX-1 cells. Dual-luciferase reporting experiment confirmed that a direct crosslinking between miR-7112-3p and PERK. In addition, miR-7112-3p was highly expressed in CRC tissues compared with peripheral tissues. CONCLUSION Our work showed that miR-7112-3p directly targeted PERK and further regulated PERK/ATF4/CHOP/caspase cascade pathway, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in CX-1 cells treated with DVDMS-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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159
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Al-Hajeili M, Abdulwassi HK, Alshadadi F, Alqurashi L, Idriss M, Halawani L. Assessing knowledge on preventive colorectal cancer screening in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3140-3146. [PMID: 31742133 PMCID: PMC6857381 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_508_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context According to the Saudi Cancer Registry's 2014 Cancer Incidence Report, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading form of malignant cancer among Saudi men and ranks third among women. Raising awareness about CRC risk factors could lead to a significant decline in incidence of disease. Aims To assess CRC awareness and evaluate the main barriers that might prevent individuals' participation in screening. Settings and Design A self-administered survey was conducted over two days as part of a CRC awareness campaign in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in March, 2018. Methods and Materials The survey addressed issues regarding knowledge of CRC and available screening methods. The survey also examined barriers that might make one reluctant to undergo preventative screening. Stata/SE 15.0 was used for all statistical analyses. Statistical Analyses Continuous variables were described with frequencies and percentages. Stepwise linear regression models were constructed to predict CRC knowledge and barriers. Results Out of 422 participants, 50.2% were men. Most respondents were between 15-35 years old (65.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed that gender was a significant predictor of CRC knowledge. Furthermore, the variables of education and family history of CRC significantly predicted subjects' awareness of colonoscopic screenings. The most common barriers for seeking screening included fear of the procedure, absence of clinical symptoms, and fear of the results. Conclusions Our results highlight deficits in public CRC knowledge and their awareness of preventative measures. These shortcomings were found to be mainly related to education level. Specific barriers affecting screening decisions were also identified; intensive efforts on awareness to overcome these obstacles will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Al-Hajeili
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal Alshadadi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Alqurashi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmmad Idriss
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Halawani
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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