151
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Zhu R, Zhang Z, Li Y, Hu Z, Xin D, Qi Z, Chen Q. Discovering Numerical Differences between Animal and Plant microRNAs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165152. [PMID: 27768749 PMCID: PMC5074594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that there are many differences between animal and plant microRNAs (miRNAs), and that numerical features based on sequence and structure can be used to predict the function of individual miRNAs. However, there is little research regarding numerical differences between animal and plant miRNAs, and whether a single numerical feature or combination of features could be used to distinguish animal and plant miRNAs or not. Therefore, in current study we aimed to discover numerical features that could be used to accomplish this. We performed a large-scale analysis of 132 miRNA numerical features, and identified 17 highly significant distinguishing features. However, none of the features independently could clearly differentiate animal and plant miRNAs. By further analysis, we found a four-feature subset that included helix number, stack number, length of pre-miRNA, and minimum free energy, and developed a logistic classifier that could distinguish animal and plant miRNAs effectively. The precision of the classifier was greater than 80%. Using this tool, we confirmed that there were universal differences between animal and plant miRNAs, and that a single feature was unable to adequately distinguish the difference. This feature set and classifier represent a valuable tool for identifying differences between animal and plant miRNAs at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Zhu
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenbang Hu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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152
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Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism is associated with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:493-496. [PMID: 27886674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding regulatory RNAs, are key regulators of gene expression. The impact of Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 variant on development of various cancers is still controversial. In the present study, we examined whether a rs4938723 variant located at the promoter region of Pri-miR-34b/c is associated with childhood ALL. A total of 110 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 120 healthy children were recruited to participate in this study. The rs4938723 variant was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The rs4938723 variant decreased the risk of ALL in heterozygous (TC vs OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28-0.84, p = 0.012, TC vs TT) and overdominant (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.30-0.89, p = 0.0.020, TC vs TT + CC): OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.67-2.59, p = 0.498; C vs T: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75-1.31, p = 0.986) inheritance models tested. The C allele significantly decreased the risk of childhood ALL compared to T allele (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33-0.83, p = 0.006). Our findings proposed an association between Pri-miR-34 b/c rs4938723 variant and risk of childhood ALL development in a sample of Iranian population.
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153
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Mao XH, Chen M, Wang Y, Cui PG, Liu SB, Xu ZY. MicroRNA-21 regulates the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway to affect the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells by targeting SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:886-894. [PMID: 27533779 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway on human melanoma A375 cells. The melanoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 45 melanoma patients. qRT-PCR was conducted to quantify the expression of miR-21 and the gene mRNA expressions. Human melanoma A375 cells were divided into the Mock, negative control (NC), miR-21 inhibitors, miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-SPRY1, miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-PDCD4, and miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-PTEN groups. Western blotting was used to determine protein expressions. CCK8 assay and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A375 cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining was adopted to detect cell apoptosis. MiR-21 expression was higher in melanoma tissues than in adjacent tissues, while the mRNA and protein expressions of SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN were lower in melanoma tissues than in adjacent tissues. Compared with the Mock and NC groups, the miR-21 inhibitors group exhibited increased expressions of SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN and decreased expressions of ERK, p-ERK, NF-κB p65, and p-NF-κB p65. After transfection of miR-21 inhibitors, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A375 cells were inhibited, while the apoptosis of A375 cells was promoted. However, the effects of miR-21 inhibitors on the growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of A375 cells were reversed after transfection of siRNA-SPRY1, siRNA-PDCD4, or siRNA-PTEN. MiR-21 can promote the proliferation, migration, and inhibit the apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells by inhibiting SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Gen Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Si-Bian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Zei-Yong Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
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154
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STAT3 pathway regulates lung-derived brain metastasis initiating cell capacity through miR-21 activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27461-77. [PMID: 26314961 PMCID: PMC4695002 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) represent the most common tumor to affect the adult central nervous system. Despite the increasing incidence of BM, likely due to consistently improving treatment of primary cancers, BM remain severely understudied. In this study, we utilized patient-derived stem cell lines from lung-to-brain metastases to examine the regulatory role of STAT3 in brain metastasis initiating cells (BMICs). Annotation of our previously described BMIC regulatory genes with protein-protein interaction network mapping identified STAT3 as a novel protein interactor. STAT3 knockdown showed a reduction in BMIC self-renewal and migration, and decreased tumor size in vivo. Screening of BMIC lines with a library of STAT3 inhibitors identified one inhibitor to significantly reduce tumor formation. Meta-analysis identified the oncomir microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a target of STAT3 activity. Inhibition of miR-21 displayed similar reductions in BMIC self-renewal and migration as STAT3 knockdown. Knockdown of STAT3 also reduced expression of known downstream targets of miR-21. Our studies have thus identified STAT3 and miR-21 as cooperative regulators of stemness, migration and tumor initiation in lung-derived BM. Therefore, STAT3 represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of lung-to-brain metastases.
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155
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Burin SM, Berzoti-Coelho MG, Cominal JG, Ambrosio L, Torqueti MR, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. The L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom modulates apoptomiRs expression in Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines. Toxicon 2016; 120:9-14. [PMID: 27421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic genes and apoptomiRs deregulated expression contribute to apoptosis resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Bcr-Abl(+) cells. Here, the L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) venom altered the apoptotic machinery regulation by modulating the expression of the miR-145, miR-26a, miR-142-3p, miR-21, miR-130a, and miR-146a, and of the apoptosis-related proteins Bid, Bim, Bcl-2, Ciap-2, c-Flip, and Mcl-1 in Bcr-Abl(+) cells. CR-LAAO is a potential tool to instigate apoptomiRs regulation that contributes to drive CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Regina Torqueti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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156
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Singh A, Patel VK, Jain DK, Patel P, Rajak H. Panobinostat as Pan-deacetylase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Oncol Ther 2016; 4:73-89. [PMID: 28261641 PMCID: PMC5315073 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-016-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been demonstrated as an emerging class of anticancer drugs. HDACs are involved in regulation of gene expression and in chromatin remodeling, thus indicating valid targets for different types of cancer therapeutics. The pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (Farydac®, LBH589) was developed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals and has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administraion (FDA) as a drug to treat multiple myeloma. It is under clinical investigation for a range of haematological and solid tumors worldwide in both oral and intravenous formulations. Panobinostat inhibits tumor cell growth by interacting with acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins as well as various apoptotic, autophagy-mediated targets and various tumorogenesis pathways involved in development of tumors. The optimal combination regimen for pancreatic cancer remains to be fully elucidated with various combination regimens, and should be investigated in clinical trials. This article summarizes the current preclinical and clinical status of panobinostat in pancreatic cancer. Preclinical data suggests that panobinostat has potential inhibitory activity in pancreatic cancer cells by targeting various pathways and factors involved in the development of cancer. Herein, we reviewed the status of mono and combination therapy and the rationale behind the combination therapy undergoing trials, as well as possible future prospective use in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avineesh Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495 009 India
| | - Vijay K. Patel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495 009 India
| | - Deepak K. Jain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495 009 India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495 009 India
| | - Harish Rajak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495 009 India
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157
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Marega LF, Teocchi MA, Dos Santos Vilela MM. Differential regulation of miR-146a/FAS and miR-21/FASLG axes in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to FAS mutation (ALPS-FAS). Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:148-53. [PMID: 27060458 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) have an inherited genetic defect involving apoptosis-related genes of the FAS pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs playing a role in the control of gene expression. This is the first report on miRNAs in ALPS patients. We studied a mother and son carrying the same FAS cell surface death receptor (FAS) mutation, but with only the son manifesting the signs and symptoms of ALPS-FAS. The aim was to analyse, by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) relative expression of miR-146a and miR-21, including their passenger strands and respective targets (FAS and FASLG). In comparison with healthy matched control individuals, miR-21-3p was over-expressed significantly (P = 0·0313) in the son, with no significant change in the expression of miR-146a, miR-146a-3p and miR-21. In contrast, the mother had a slight under-expression of the miR-146a pair and miR-21-3p (P = 0·0625). Regarding the miRNA targets, FAS was up-regulated markedly for the mother (P = 0·0078), but down-regulated for the son (P = 0·0625), while FASLG did not have any significant alteration. Taken together, our finding clearly suggests a role of the miR-146a/FAS axis in ALPS-FAS variable expressivity in which FAS haploinsufficiency seems to be compensated only in the mother who had the miR-146a pair down-regulated. As only the son had the major clinical manifestations of ALPS-FAS, miR-21-3p should be investigated as playing a critical role in ALPS physiopathology, including the development of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Furlaneto Marega
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ananias Teocchi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Marluce Dos Santos Vilela
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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158
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Sanaei S, Hashemi M, Rezaei M, Hashemi SM, Bahari G, Ghavami S. Evaluation of the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and its association with breast cancer risk. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:125-129. [PMID: 27347415 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Recent evidence suggests that the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 variant is associated with the development of cancer. At present, there is an inconsistent association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism in pri-miR-34b/c and cancer in the limited studies. The present study is a case-control investigation, with 263 breast cancer (BC) patients and 221 control women, which examined the potential association of the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphisms with BC susceptibility. The polymorphisms were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. No significant association between the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 variant and BC was identified [TC vs. TT: Odds ratio (OR), 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-1.26; P=0.506; CC vs. TT: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.61-2.47; P=0.600; TC+CC vs. TT: OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.64-1.31; P=0.648; CC vs. TT+TC: OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.67-2.59; P=0.498; C vs. T: OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.75-1.31; P=0.986]. However, a significant association was observed between the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics, such a grade, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status were observed (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 variant may not be a risk factor for the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sanaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Hashemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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159
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Larrea E, Sole C, Manterola L, Goicoechea I, Armesto M, Arestin M, Caffarel MM, Araujo AM, Araiz M, Fernandez-Mercado M, Lawrie CH. New Concepts in Cancer Biomarkers: Circulating miRNAs in Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050627. [PMID: 27128908 PMCID: PMC4881453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective and efficient management of cancer patients relies upon early diagnosis and/or the monitoring of treatment, something that is often difficult to achieve using standard tissue biopsy techniques. Biological fluids such as blood hold great possibilities as a source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers that can act as surrogate markers to biopsy-based sampling. The non-invasive nature of these “liquid biopsies” ultimately means that cancer detection may be earlier and that the ability to monitor disease progression and/or treatment response represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer patients. Below, we review one of the most promising classes of circulating cancer biomarkers: microRNAs (miRNAs). In particular, we will consider their history, the controversy surrounding their origin and biology, and, most importantly, the hurdles that remain to be overcome if they are really to become part of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Larrea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Carla Sole
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ibai Goicoechea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Armesto
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Arestin
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María M Caffarel
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Araiz
- Hematology Department, Donostia Hospital, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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160
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Zhou S, Ding F, Gu X. Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:253-64. [PMID: 27037691 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large cluster of RNAs that do not encode proteins, but have multiple functions in diverse cellular processes. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of ncRNAs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been shown that numerous ncRNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are differentially expressed after insults such as acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. These ncRNAs affect neuronal survival, neurite regrowth, and glial phenotype primarily by targeting specific mRNAs, resulting in translation repression or degradation of the mRNAs. An increasing number of studies have investigated the regulatory roles of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neural injury and regeneration, and thus a new research field is emerging. In this review, we highlight current progress in the field in an attempt to provide further insight into post-transcriptional changes occurring after neural injury, and to facilitate the potential use of ncRNAs for improving neural regeneration. We also suggest potential directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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161
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He X, Zhang K, Gao X, Li L, Tan H, Chen J, Zhou Y. Rapid atrial pacing induces myocardial fibrosis by down-regulating Smad7 via microRNA-21 in rabbit. Heart Vessels 2016; 31:1696-708. [PMID: 26968995 PMCID: PMC5043001 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tachycardia-induced atrial fibrosis is a hallmark of the structural remodeling of atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms underlying tachycardia-induced atrial fibrosis remain unclear. In our previous study, we found that Smad7-downregulation promoted the development of atrial fibrosis in AF. Fibroblasts are enriched in microRNA-21 (miR-21), which contributes to the development of fibrosis and heart failure in the cardiovascular system. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that miR-21 reinforces the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in AF-induced atrial fibrosis by down-regulating Smad7. Rapid atrial pacing (RAP, 1000 ppm) was applied to the left atrium of the rabbit heart to induce atrial fibrillation and fibrosis. qRT-PCR and northern blot analysis revealed that RAP caused a marked increase in the expression of miR-21. Transfection with a miR-21 inhibitor significantly increased the expression of Smad7, while the expression of collagen I/III significantly decreased. These changes were implicated in the AF-induced release of miR-21 and down-regulation of Smad7. Adult rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1 showed increased miR-21 expression and decreased Smad7 expression. Pretreatment with a TGF-β1 inhibitor reduced the TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of miR-21. Pretreatment with pre-miR-21 and a miR-21 inhibitor significantly decreased and increased Smad7 expression, respectively. This result was negatively correlated with the expression of collagen I/III in fibroblasts. Moreover, the results of a luciferase activity assay suggest that Smad7 is a validated miR-21 target in CFs. Our results provide compelling evidence that the miR-21 specific degradation of Smad7 may decrease the inhibitory feedback regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling and serves as a new insight of the mechanism of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kunyi Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiuren Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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162
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miR-21 Might be Involved in Breast Cancer Promotion and Invasion Rather than in Initial Events of Breast Cancer Development. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:97-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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163
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Wegman DW, Ghasemi F, Stasheuski AS, Khorshidi A, Yang BB, Liu SK, Yousef GM, Krylov SN. Achieving Single-Nucleotide Specificity in Direct Quantitative Analysis of Multiple MicroRNAs (DQAMmiR). Anal Chem 2016; 88:2472-7. [PMID: 26756139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Direct quantitative analysis of multiple miRNAs (DQAMmiR) utilizes CE with fluorescence detection for fast, accurate, and sensitive quantitation of multiple miRNAs. Here we report on achieving single-nucleotide specificity and, thus, overcoming a principle obstacle on the way of DQAMmiR becoming a practical miRNA analysis tool. In general, sequence specificity is reached by raising the temperature to the level at which the probe-miRNA hybrids with mismatches melt while the matches remain intact. This elevated temperature is used as the hybridization temperature. Practical implementation of this apparently trivial approach in DQAMmiR has two major challenges. First, melting temperatures of all mismatched hybrids should be similar to each other and should not reach the melting temperature of any of the matched hybrids. Second, the elevated hybridization temperature should not deteriorate CE separation of the hybrids from the excess probes and the hybrids from each other. The second problem is further complicated by the reliance of separation in DQAMmiR on single-strand DNA binding protein (SSB) whose native structure and binding properties may be drastically affected by the elevated temperature. These problems were solved by two approaches. First, locked nucleic acid (LNA) bases were incorporated into the probes to normalize the melting temperatures of all target miRNA hybrids allowing for a single hybridization temperature; binding of SSB was not affected by LNA bases. Second, a dual-temperature CE was developed in which separation started with a high capillary temperature required for proper hybridization and continued at a low capillary temperature required for quality electrophoretic separation of the hybrids from excess probes and the hybrids from each other. The developed approach was sufficiently robust to allow its integration with sample preconcentration by isotachophoresis to achieve a limit of detection below 10 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Wegman
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alexander S Stasheuski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Anna Khorshidi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre , 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital , 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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164
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Yung BC, Li J, Zhang M, Cheng X, Li H, Yung EM, Kang C, Cosby LE, Liu Y, Teng L, Lee RJ. Lipid Nanoparticles Composed of Quaternary Amine–Tertiary Amine Cationic Lipid Combination (QTsome) for Therapeutic Delivery of AntimiR-21 for Lung Cancer. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:653-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lesheng Teng
- College of
Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- College of
Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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165
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Comparison of Serum MicroRNA21 and Tumor Markers in Diagnosis of Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:3823121. [PMID: 26880855 PMCID: PMC4737022 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3823121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical value of serum microRNA21 (miR21) and other tumor markers in early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Serums carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and miR21 were detected in 50 NSCLC cases and 60 healthy control individuals. RESULTS Average serums miR21, CEA, NSE, and CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly higher in the case group than in control group (P < 0.01). Analysis of areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) revealed that CEA had the highest diagnostic efficiency for NSCLC. Serums miR21 and CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly lower at TNM stages I-II than stages III-IV (P < 0.05). Further, logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the incidence of early NSCLC (TNM stages I-II) was correlated with serums CYFRA21-1 (OR = 1.076) and miR21 (OR = 2.473) levels (P < 0.05). By AUC analysis, miR21 had the highest diagnostic efficiency for early NSCLC, and single or combined detection of serums CYFRA21-1 and miR21 levels showed improved diagnostic efficiency for joint detection of both markers. CONCLUSIONS Serum miR21 could serve as an important marker for auxiliary diagnosis of early NSCLC, while joint detection of serums miR21 and CYFRA21-1 levels could improve diagnostic efficiency.
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166
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Apoptosis-related microRNA changes in the right atrium induced by remote ischemic perconditioning during valve replacement surgery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18959. [PMID: 26738985 PMCID: PMC4704063 DOI: 10.1038/srep18959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerc) was effective in attenuating myocardial injury during cardiac surgery. Given that microRNAs (miRs) act as an important player in ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and apoptosis, this study aimed to investigate whether RIPerc reduces apoptosis in atrial myocardium and which apoptosis-related miRs are involved during valve replacement surgery. Here, we demonstrated that RIPerc inhibited apoptosis in atrial myocardium during cardiac ischemia and that 17 miRs showed at least a 1.5-fold change in expression after ischemia. Of the 17 miRs, 9 miRs, including miR-1, miR-21, miR-24, and miR-195, which are related to apoptosis, exhibited different expression patterns in the RIPerc group compared with the control. Using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, we demonstrated that miR-1 and miR-195 were downregulated and that their common putative target gene Bcl-2 was upregulated in the RIPerc group. However, the differences in miR-21 and miR-24 expression, together with programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), which is the target gene of miR-21, were not significant. These findings provide some insight into the role of miRs in the cardioprotective effects induced by RIPerc.
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167
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Huang F, Li J, Wang S. MicroRNAs, TGF-β signaling, and the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:115-25. [PMID: 26563372 PMCID: PMC4841843 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells and mediators form a major part of the tumor microenvironment and play important roles in the regulation of cancer initiation, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an inflammation-related cytokine that functions in both tumor suppression and promotion; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates an association between miRNAs and TGF-β signaling, providing new insight into the nature of the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer. The present review is an overview of the interaction between miRNAs and inflammatory cytokines, with emphasis on the cross talk between TGF-β signaling and miRNAs and their influence on cancer cell behavior. The emerging roles of miRNAs in cancer-related inflammation and the potential to target miRNA signaling pathways for cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fengbo Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Institute of Radiology and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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168
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Shih JW, Wang LY, Hung CL, Kung HJ, Hsieh CL. Non-Coding RNAs in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Regulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling and Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28943-78. [PMID: 26690121 PMCID: PMC4691085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-refractory prostate cancer frequently relapses from therapy and inevitably progresses to a bone-metastatic status with no cure. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to androgen deprivation therapy has the potential to lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for type of prostate cancer with poor prognosis. Progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is characterized by aberrant androgen receptor (AR) expression and persistent AR signaling activity. Alterations in metabolic activity regulated by oncogenic pathways, such as c-Myc, were found to promote prostate cancer growth during the development of CRPC. Non-coding RNAs represent a diverse family of regulatory transcripts that drive tumorigenesis of prostate cancer and various other cancers by their hyperactivity or diminished function. A number of studies have examined differentially expressed non-coding RNAs in each stage of prostate cancer. Herein, we highlight the emerging impacts of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs linked to reactivation of the AR signaling axis and reprogramming of the cellular metabolism in prostate cancer. The translational implications of non-coding RNA research for developing new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for CRPC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Shih
- Integrated Translational Lab, The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Integrated Translational Lab, The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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169
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Yang CH, Li K, Pfeffer SR, Pfeffer LM. The Type I IFN-Induced miRNA, miR-21. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:836-47. [PMID: 26610525 PMCID: PMC4695812 DOI: 10.3390/ph8040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) family of cytokines not only has antiviral properties at various steps in the viral replication cycle, but also anticancer activity through multiple pathways that include inhibiting cell proliferation, regulating cellular responses to inducers of apoptosis and modulating angiogenesis and the immune system. IFNs are known to induce their biological activity through the induction of protein encoding IFN-stimulated genes. However, recent studies have established that IFNs also induce the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that suppress gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis and have been implicated to act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in various human cancers. Therefore, IFN-induced miRNAs play an important role, not only in the host response to innate immune response to cancer, but also in the tumorigenic process itself. Furthermore, IFN-induced miRNAs may participate in and/or orchestrate antiviral defense in certain viral infections. In this review, we describe our recent studies on the induction of miR-21 by type I IFN, the role of the STAT3 and NFκB signaling pathways in IFN-induced miR-21 expression, the role of miR-21 in different cancers and the role of miR-21 in regulating the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Susan R Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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170
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Sha M, Ye J, Luan ZY, Guo T, Wang B, Huang JX. Celastrol induces cell cycle arrest by MicroRNA-21-mTOR-mediated inhibition p27 protein degradation in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:101. [PMID: 26500453 PMCID: PMC4619578 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Celastrol has anti-cancer effects by increase of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. However, its role in gastric cancer
cell cycle is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of celastrol on gastric cancer cell cycle. Methods The effects of celastrol on cell cycle in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells were assayed via flow cytometry analysis. The expression of p27 and mTOR was detected by real-time PCR and western blot. The activity of mTOR and mTORC2 was measured by mTOR and mTORC2 kinase assays. miR-21 mimic was used to up-regulate miR-21 expression and mTOR expression plasmid was used to increase mTOR level in gastric cancer cells. Results Celastrol caused G2/M cell-cycle arrest that was accompanied by the down-regulation of miR-21 expression. In particular, miR-21 overexpression reversed cell cycle arrest effects of celastrol. Further study showed that celastrol increased levels of the p27 protein by inhibiting its degradation. miR-21 and mTOR signaling pathway was involved in the increase of p27 protein expression in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells treated with celastrol. Significantly, miR-21 overexpression restored the decrease of mTOR activity in cells exposed celastrol. Conclusions The effect of celastrol on cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells was due to an increase of p27 protein level via inhibiting miR-21-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sha
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300 China
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300 China
| | - Zheng-Yun Luan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300 China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300 China
| | - Bian Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300 China
| | - Jun-Xing Huang
- Institute of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University of Medicine, 210 Yingchun, Taizhou, 225300 Jiangsu China
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171
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Yu B, Zhou S, Yi S, Gu X. The regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in nerve injury and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 134:122-39. [PMID: 26432164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have attracted much attention since their regulatory roles in diverse cell processes were recognized. Emerging studies demonstrate that many ncRNAs are differentially expressed after injury to the nervous system, significantly affecting nerve regeneration. In this review, we compile the miRNAs and lncRNAs that have been reported to be dysregulated following a variety of central and peripheral nerve injuries, including acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. We also list investigations on how these miRNAs and lncRNAs exert the regulatory actions in neurodegenerative and neuroregenerative processes through different mechanisms involving their interaction with target coding genes. We believe that comprehension of the expression profiles and the possible functions of ncRNAs during the processes of nerve injury and regeneration will help understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for post-nerve-injury changes, and may contribute to the potential use of ncRNAs as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China.
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172
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Lei M, Xie W, Sun E, Sun Y, Tian D, Liu C, Han R, Li N, Liu M, Han R, Liu L. microRNA-21 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Migration and Cross Talk with PTEN and p53 in Bladder Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:626-32. [PMID: 26230405 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Lei
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqin Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Erlin Sun
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifa Han
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Teteloshvili N, Kluiver J, van der Geest KSM, van der Lei RJ, Jellema P, Pawelec G, Brouwer E, Kroesen BJ, Boots AMH, van den Berg A. Age-Associated Differences in MiRNA Signatures Are Restricted to CD45RO Negative T Cells and Are Associated with Changes in the Cellular Composition, Activation and Cellular Ageing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137556. [PMID: 26360056 PMCID: PMC4567287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players in the regulation of T-cell functionality. However, comprehensive insight into the extent of age-related miRNA changes in T cells is lacking. We established miRNA expression patterns of CD45RO- naïve and CD45RO+ memory T-cell subsets isolated from peripheral blood cells from young and elderly individuals. Unsupervised clustering of the miRNA expression data revealed an age-related clustering in the CD45RO- T cells, while CD45RO+ T cells clustered based on expression of CD4 and CD8. Seventeen miRNAs showed an at least 2-fold up- or downregulation in CD45RO- T cells obtained from young as compared to old donors. Validation on the same and independent samples revealed a statistically significant age-related upregulation of miR-21, miR-223 and miR-15a. In a T-cell subset analysis focusing on known age-related phenotypic changes, we showed significantly higher miR-21 and miR-223 levels in CD8+CD45RO-CCR7- TEMRA compared to CD45RO-CCR7+ TNAIVE-cells. Moreover, miR-21 but not miR-223 levels were significantly increased in CD45RO-CD31- post-thymic TNAIVE cells as compared to thymic CD45RO-CD31+ TNAIVE cells. Upon activation of CD45RO- TNAIVE cells we observed a significant induction of miR-21 especially in CD4+ T cells, while miR-223 levels significantly decreased only in CD4+ T cells. Besides composition and activation-induced changes, we showed a borderline significant increase in miR-21 levels upon an increasing number of population doublings in CD4+ T-cell clones. Together, our results show that ageing related changes in miRNA expression are dominant in the CD45RO- T-cell compartment. The differential expression patterns can be explained by age related changes in T-cell composition, i.e. accumulation of CD8+ TEMRA and CD4+ post-thymic expanded CD31- T cells and by cellular ageing, as demonstrated in a longitudinal clonal culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nato Teteloshvili
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S. M. van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Jan van der Lei
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pytrick Jellema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KIngdom
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M. H. Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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174
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Chaiwangyen W, Ospina-Prieto S, Photini SM, Schleussner E, Markert UR, Morales-Prieto DM. Dissimilar microRNA-21 functions and targets in trophoblastic cell lines of different origin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:187-96. [PMID: 26320576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cells express a singular miRNA expression profile which varies during pregnancy and whose alteration may be associated with pregnancy complications. miR-21, a widely known oncomir, is highly expressed in human placenta but its role in regulating trophoblast cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate miR-21 functions and targets in HTR-8/SVneo immortalized trophoblast and JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, which are trophoblast cell models that differ in their cellular origin. Cells were transfected with miR-21-antagomir, -mimic or their respective controls. Following, cell proliferation (BrdU), migration (Transwell and scratch wound-healing assays), invasion (Matrigel assays) and apoptosis (flow cytometry, TUNEL assay and Western blotting) were assessed. Expression of the potential miR-21 targets phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) were analyzed by Western blotting. Inhibition of miR-21 decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo cells and additionally, induced apoptosis in JEG-3 cells. Silencing of miR-21 enhanced PDCD4 expression only in JEG-3 cells, and PTEN expression only in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Inhibition of miR-21 significantly increased phosphorylation of AKT in HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, miR-21 has cell-specific targets depending upon the origin of trophoblastic cells. Furthermore, miR-21 regulates major cellular processes including cell growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis suggesting that its impairment may lead to placental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wittaya Chaiwangyen
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany; School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Stephanie Ospina-Prieto
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stella Mary Photini
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schleussner
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Diana M Morales-Prieto
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
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175
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Haghpanah V, Fallah P, Tavakoli R, Naderi M, Samimi H, Soleimani M, Larijani B. Antisense-miR-21 enhances differentiation/apoptosis and reduces cancer stemness state on anaplastic thyroid cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1299-308. [PMID: 26289851 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive malignancy in thyroid cancers. Resistance to current therapies is still a challenge. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs, regulating gene expression. MiR-21 is an oncomiR that is overexpressed in nearly all cancers including ATC. Accumulating evidence suggested that miR-21 has a role in cancer stemness state, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and differentiation. Therefore, we evaluated the application of Off-miR-21 to sequester the microRNA for therapeutic purposes on ATC cell lines. In this study, C643 and SW1736 were transducted by hsa-miR-21 antagomir (Off-miR-21). PTEN gene expression was performed as a known target of miR-21. Stemness state in cancer stem cells (CSCs) was evaluated by the changes of CSC biomarkers including Oct-4 and ABCG2. Apoptosis was assessed by PDCD4 and Mcl-1 gene expression and flow cytometry. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroglobulin (TG) were measured as ATC differentiation markers. In addition, cell cycle progression was investigated via the alterations of p21 gene expression and flow cytometry. Specific downregulation of miR-21 induced the differentiation and apoptosis in C643 and SW1736. Inversely, the treatment inhibited stemness state and cell cycle progression. Knockdown of miR-21 significantly increased the expression of PDCD4, p21, NIS, and TG while leading to decreased expression of Oct-4, ABCG2, and Mcl-1.Taken together, the results suggest that miR-21, as an oncomiR, has a role not only in stemness state but also in tumor growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Hence, suppression of miR-21 could pave the way for ATC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 14114, Iran
| | - Parviz Fallah
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hilda Samimi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 14114, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 14114, Iran.
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176
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Jiang CS, Wang XM, Zhang SQ, Meng LS, Zhu WH, Xu J, Lu SM. Discovery of 4-benzoylamino-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamides as novel microRNA-21 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6510-9. [PMID: 26344589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21, as an oncogenic miRNA, has caught great attention for medicinal chemists to develop its novel inhibitors for cancer therapy. In the present study, we designed 4-benzoylamino-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamides as miR-21 inhibitor candidates on the basis of scaffold hopping. Eighteen compounds were synthesized. The inhibitory activities of synthesized compounds against the expression of miR-21 were evaluated using stem loop RT-qPCR and compound 1j was discovered as the most potent compound, which displayed a time and concentration dependent inhibition manner. In addition, various functional assays such as the expression of miR-21 target gene detected by Western blotting and the cell growth and apoptosis detected by flow cytometric analysis were checked in Hela (human epithelioid cervix carcinoma) and U-87 MG (human glioblastoma) cells to confirm its activity. The results indicate that compound 1j can enhance apoptosis, retard proliferation, and up-regulate PDCD4, a target protein of miR-21. In addition, the compound 1j does not influence the expression of multiple miRNAs and the genes that participate in miRNA universal biosynthesis pathway. These results strongly support the assumption that title compounds can serve as a small molecule inhibitor of miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-shan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-meng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - San-qi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Lie-su Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wen-hua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - She-min Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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177
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Yelamanchili SV, Lamberty BG, Rennard DA, Morsey BM, Hochfelder CG, Meays BM, Levy E, Fox HS. MiR-21 in Extracellular Vesicles Leads to Neurotoxicity via TLR7 Signaling in SIV Neurological Disease. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005032. [PMID: 26154133 PMCID: PMC4496044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in normal and disease processes. In the present study, we isolated and characterized EVs from the brains of rhesus macaques, both with and without simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induced central nervous system (CNS) disease. Small RNA sequencing revealed increased miR-21 levels in EVs from SIV encephalitic (SIVE) brains. In situ hybridization revealed increased miR-21 expression in neurons and macrophage/microglial cells/nodules during SIV induced CNS disease. In vitro culture of macrophages revealed that miR-21 is released into EVs and is neurotoxic when compared to EVs derived from miR-21-/- knockout animals. A mutation of the sequence within miR-21, predicted to bind TLR7, eliminates this neurotoxicity. Indeed miR-21 in EV activates TLR7 in a reporter cell line, and the neurotoxicity is dependent upon TLR7, as neurons isolated from TLR7-/- knockout mice are protected from neurotoxicity. Further, we show that EVs isolated from the brains of monkeys with SIV induced CNS disease activates TLR7 and were neurotoxic when compared to EVs from control animals. Finally, we show that EV-miR-21 induced neurotoxicity was unaffected by apoptosis inhibition but could be prevented by a necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, highlighting the actions of this pathway in a growing number of CNS disorders. HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) are neurological disorders caused due to the entry of HIV infection in the brain. HIV-1 does not directly infect central or peripheral neurons, however, virus-infected cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage maintain a low-level HIV infection in the CNS. "Indirect effects" of macrophage activation–such as dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines, free-radical (oxidative stress) injury, and secretion of soluble factors that are potently neurotoxic–have been implicated as effectors of nervous system injury in HIV. Here, we report that extracellular vesicles released from macrophages can enhance neurotoxicity. Using a nonhuman primate model of HAND, simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (SIVE), we find that exosomes isolated from SIVE brains contain,microRNAs, including miR-21, that can serve as ligands to the key immune regulatory receptors, toll-like receptors, and can elicit neurotoxicity. We provide in vitro evidence for such an effect, and that the toxicity can be mediated by necroptosis. Thus, our study provides insights into other potential neurotoxic mechanisms by which HIV infection in the brain could harm neuronal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya V Yelamanchili
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
| | - Benjamin G Lamberty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Deborah A Rennard
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Brenda M Morsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Colleen G Hochfelder
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Brittney M Meays
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Efrat Levy
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, Departments of Pathology, Psychiatry, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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178
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Pfeffer SR, Yang CH, Pfeffer LM. The Role of miR-21 in Cancer. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:270-7. [PMID: 26082192 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous noncoding RNAs that suppress gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In the past decade, miRNAs have been extensively studied in a number of different human cancers. MiRNAs have been identified to act both as oncogenes and as tumor suppressors. In addition, miRNAs are associated with the intrinsic resistance of cancer to various forms of therapy, and they are implicated in both tumor progression and metastasis. The characterization of the specific alterations in the patterns of miRNA expression in cancer has great potential for identifying biomarkers for early cancer detection, as well as for potential therapeutic intervention in cancer treatment. In this chapter, we describe the ever-expanding role of miR-21 and its target genes in different cancers, and provide insight into how this oncogenic miRNA regulates cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chuan He Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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179
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MiR-130a and MiR-374a Function as Novel Regulators of Cisplatin Resistance in Human Ovarian Cancer A2780 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128886. [PMID: 26043084 PMCID: PMC4456206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to effective treatment in patients with ovarian cancer, and recently increasing evidences suggest that miRNAs are involved in drug-resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line and analyzed their possible mechanisms. We profiled miRNAs differentially expressed in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line A2780/DDP compared with parental A2780 cells using microarray. Four abnormally expressed miRNAs were selected (miR-146a,-130a, -374a and miR-182) for further studies. Their expression were verified by qRT-PCR. MiRNA mimics or inhibitor were transfected into A2780 and A2780/DDP cells and then drug sensitivity was analyzed by MTS array. RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to examine the alteration of MDR1, PTEN gene expression. A total of 32 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in A2780/DDP cells. Among them, miR-146a was down-regulated and miR-130a,-374a,-182 were upregulated in A2780/DDP cells, which was verified by RT-PCR. MiR-130a and miR-374a mimics decreased the sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin, reversely, their inhibitors could resensitize A2780/DDP cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-130a could increase the MDR1 mRNA and P-gp levels in A2780 and A2780/DDP cells, whereas knockdown of miR-130a could inhibit MDR1 gene expression and upregulate the PTEN protein expression .In a conclusion, the deregulation of miR-374a and miR-130a may be involved in the development and regulation of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. This role of miR-130a may be achieved by regulating the MDR1 and PTEN gene expression.
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180
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Ma X, Conklin DJ, Li F, Dai Z, Hua X, Li Y, Xu-Monette ZY, Young KH, Xiong W, Wysoczynski M, Sithu SD, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A, Li Y. The oncogenic microRNA miR-21 promotes regulated necrosis in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7151. [PMID: 25990308 PMCID: PMC4440243 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate apoptosis, yet their role in regulated necrosis remains unknown. miR-21 is overexpressed in nearly all human cancer types and its role as an oncogene is suggested to largely depend on its anti-apoptotic action. Here we show that miR-21 is overexpressed in a murine model of acute pancreatitis, a pathologic condition involving RIP3-dependent regulated necrosis (necroptosis). Therefore, we investigate the role of miR-21 in acute pancreatitis injury and necroptosis. miR-21 deficiency protects against caerulein- or L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. miR-21 inhibition using locked-nucleic-acid-modified oligonucleotide effectively reduces pancreatitis severity. miR-21 deletion is also protective in tumour necrosis factor-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. These data suggest that miRNAs are critical participants in necroptosis and miR-21 enhances cellular necrosis by negatively regulating tumour suppressor genes associated with the death-receptor-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and could be a therapeutic target for preventing pathologic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Delia Baxter, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Fenge Li
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Delia Baxter, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Zhongping Dai
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Xiang Hua
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Delia Baxter, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Srinivas D Sithu
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Delia Baxter, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Delia Baxter, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Delia Baxter, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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181
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Dicer1 imparts essential survival cues in Notch-driven T-ALL via miR-21-mediated tumor suppressor Pdcd4 repression. Blood 2015; 126:993-1004. [PMID: 25979949 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulatory function of individual microRNAs (miRNAs) in Notch-driven T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) has recently been established. Although protumorigenic and tumor-suppressive miRNAs are implicated in disease onset in murine models of Notch-driven T-cell leukemia, whether Dicer1-processed miRNAs are essential for Notch-driven T-ALL is currently unknown. Here we used conditional and inducible genetic loss-of-function approaches to test whether the development and maintenance of Notch-driven T-ALL was dependent on Dicer1 function. Mice with specific inactivation of both Dicer1 alleles in the T-cell lineage did not develop Notch-driven T-ALL. In contrast, loss of 1 functional Dicer1 allele did not significantly perturb T-ALL onset and tumor progression. Inducible inactivation of Dicer1 in early stage polyclonal T-ALL cells was sufficient to abrogate T-ALL progression in leukemic mice, whereas late-stage monoclonal T-ALL cells were counterselected against loss of Dicer1. Lineage-tracing experiments revealed that Dicer1 deficiency led to the induction of apoptosis in T-ALL cells, whereas cell cycle progression remained unaltered. Through microarray-based miRNA profiling, we identified miR-21 as a previously unrecognized miRNA deregulated in both mouse and human T-ALL. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-21 regulates T-ALL cell survival via repression of the tumor suppressor Pdcd4.
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182
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Ruiz-Lafuente N, Alcaraz-García MJ, Sebastián-Ruiz S, García-Serna AM, Gómez-Espuch J, Moraleda JM, Minguela A, García-Alonso AM, Parrado A. IL-4 Up-Regulates MiR-21 and the MiRNAs Hosted in the CLCN5 Gene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124936. [PMID: 25909590 PMCID: PMC4409305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) induces B-cell differentiation and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate mRNA and protein expression, and several miRNAs, deregulated in CLL, might play roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. We have studied the miRNA profile of CLL, and its response to IL-4, by oligonucleotide microarrays, resulting in the detection of a set of 129 mature miRNAs consistently expressed in CLL, which included 41 differentially expressed compared to normal B cells (NBC), and 6 significantly underexpressed in ZAP-70 positive patients. IL-4 stimulation brought about up-regulation of the 5p and 3p mature variants of the miR-21 gene, which maps immediately downstream to the VMP1 gene, and of the mature forms generated from the miR-362 (3p and 5p), miR-500a (3p), miR-502 (3p), and miR-532 (3p and 5p) genes, which map within the third intron of the CLCN5 gene. Both genes are in turn regulated by IL-4, suggesting that these miRNAs were regulated by IL-4 as passengers from their carrier genes. Their levels of up-regulation by IL-4 significantly correlated with cytoprotection. MiR-21 has been reported to be leukemogenic, associated to bad prognosis in CLL, and the miRNA more frequently overexpressed in human cancer. Up-regulation by IL-4 of miR-21 and the miRNAs hosted in the CLCN5 locus may contribute to evasion of apoptosis of CLL cells. These findings indicate that the IL-4 pathway and the miRNAs induced by IL-4 are promising targets for the development of novel therapies in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ruiz-Lafuente
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - María-José Alcaraz-García
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Sebastián-Ruiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Azahara-María García-Serna
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gómez-Espuch
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - José-María Moraleda
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana-María García-Alonso
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Parrado
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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183
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Peng X, Chang H, Gu Y, Chen J, Yi L, Xie Q, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Mi M. 3,6-Dihydroxyflavone Suppresses Breast Carcinogenesis by Epigenetically Regulating miR-34a and miR-21. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:509-17. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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184
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Wagenaar TR, Zabludoff S, Ahn SM, Allerson C, Arlt H, Baffa R, Cao H, Davis S, Garcia-Echeverria C, Gaur R, Huang SMA, Jiang L, Kim D, Metz-Weidmann C, Pavlicek A, Pollard J, Reeves J, Rocnik JL, Scheidler S, Shi C, Sun F, Tolstykh T, Weber W, Winter C, Yu E, Yu Q, Zheng G, Wiederschain D. Anti-miR-21 Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth via Broad Transcriptional Network Deregulation. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1009-21. [PMID: 25758165 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant clinical challenge with few therapeutic options available to cancer patients. MicroRNA 21-5p (miR-21) has been shown to be upregulated in HCC, but the contribution of this oncomiR to the maintenance of tumorigenic phenotype in liver cancer remains poorly understood. We have developed potent and specific single-stranded oligonucleotide inhibitors of miR-21 (anti-miRNAs) and used them to interrogate dependency on miR-21 in a panel of liver cancer cell lines. Treatment with anti-miR-21, but not with a mismatch control anti-miRNA, resulted in significant derepression of direct targets of miR-21 and led to loss of viability in the majority of HCC cell lines tested. Robust induction of caspase activity, apoptosis, and necrosis was noted in anti-miR-21-treated HCC cells. Furthermore, ablation of miR-21 activity resulted in inhibition of HCC cell migration and suppression of clonogenic growth. To better understand the consequences of miR-21 suppression, global gene expression profiling was performed on anti-miR-21-treated liver cancer cells, which revealed striking enrichment in miR-21 target genes and deregulation of multiple growth-promoting pathways. Finally, in vivo dependency on miR-21 was observed in two separate HCC tumor xenograft models. In summary, these data establish a clear role for miR-21 in the maintenance of tumorigenic phenotype in HCC in vitro and in vivo. IMPLICATIONS miR-21 is important for the maintenance of the tumorigenic phenotype of HCC and represents a target for pharmacologic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heike Arlt
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA Massachusetts
| | | | - Hui Cao
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Rajula Gaur
- Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lan Jiang
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Scheidler
- Sanofi BioInnovation, Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Platform, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Chaomei Shi
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Eunsil Yu
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qunyan Yu
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA Massachusetts
| | - Gang Zheng
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA Massachusetts
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185
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Yang CH, Pfeffer SR, Sims M, Yue J, Wang Y, Linga VG, Paulus E, Davidoff AM, Pfeffer LM. The oncogenic microRNA-21 inhibits the tumor suppressive activity of FBXO11 to promote tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6037-46. [PMID: 25589783 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microRNA miR-21 is overexpressed in most human cancers and accumulating evidence indicates that it functions as an oncogene. Since miRNAs suppress the expression of their target genes, we hypothesized that some miR-21 targets may act as tumor suppressors, and thus their expression would be anticipated to be reduced by the high miR-21 levels observed in various human cancers. By microarray analysis and quantitative PCR we identified and validated FBXO11 (a member of the F-box subfamily lacking a distinct unifying domain) as a miR-21 target gene. FBXO11 is a component of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex that targets proteins for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. By loss of function and gain of function studies, we show that FBXO11 acts as a tumor suppressor, promotes apoptosis and mediates the degradation of the oncogenic protein BCL6. The critical role that FBXO11 plays in miR-21-mediated tumorigenesis was demonstrated by a rescue experiment, in which silencing FBXO11 in miR-21KD cancer cells restored their high tumorigenicity. Expression of miR-21 and FBXO11 are inversely correlated in tumor tissue, and their expression correlates with patient survival and tumor grade. High FBXO11 expression correlates with better patient survival and lower tumor grade consistent with its tumor suppressor activity. In contrast high miR-21 expression, which correlates with poor patient survival and higher tumor grade, is consistent with its oncogenic activity. Our results identify FBXO11 as a novel miR-21 target gene, and demonstrate that the oncogenic miRNA miR-21 decreases the expression of FBXO11, which normally acts as a tumor suppressor, and thereby promotes tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He Yang
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Susan R Pfeffer
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Michelle Sims
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Junming Yue
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Yinan Wang
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Vijay G Linga
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | | | - Andrew M Davidoff
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
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186
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Wagenaar TR, Tolstykh T, Shi C, Jiang L, Zhang J, Li Z, Yu Q, Qu H, Sun F, Cao H, Pollard J, Dai S, Gao Q, Zhang B, Arlt H, Cindhuchao M, Hoffmann D, Light M, Jensen K, Hopke J, Newcombe R, Garcia-Echeverria C, Winter C, Zabludoff S, Wiederschain D. Identification of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I) as an important modulator of anti-miR uptake by cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:1204-15. [PMID: 25550434 PMCID: PMC4333411 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of unassisted delivery of RNA therapeutics, including inhibitors of microRNAs, remain poorly understood. We observed that the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SKHEP1 retains productive free uptake of a miR-21 inhibitor (anti-miR-21). Uptake of anti-miR-21, but not a mismatch (MM) control, induces expression of known miR-21 targets (DDAH1, ANKRD46) and leads to dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth. To elucidate mechanisms of SKHEP1 sensitivity to anti-miR-21, we conducted an unbiased shRNA screen that revealed tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT-I), as an important determinant of anti-proliferative effects of anti-miR-21. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of TSG101 and another ESCRT-I protein, VPS28, improved uptake of anti-miR-21 in parental SKHEP1 cells and restored productive uptake to SKHEP1 clones with acquired resistance to anti-miR-21. Depletion of ESCRT-I in several additional cancer cell lines with inherently poor uptake resulted in improved activity of anti-miR-21. Finally, knockdown of TSG101 increased uptake of anti-miR-21 by cancer cells in vivo following systemic delivery. Collectively, these data support an important role for the ESCRT-I complex in the regulation of productive free uptake of anti-miRs and reveal potential avenues for improving oligonucleotide free uptake by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lan Jiang
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Zhifang Li
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qunyan Yu
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hui Qu
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Hui Cao
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Shujia Dai
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qiang Gao
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Heike Arlt
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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187
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Manikandan M, Deva Magendhra Rao AK, Rajkumar KS, Rajaraman R, Munirajan AK. Altered levels of miR-21, miR-125b-2*, miR-138, miR-155, miR-184, and miR-205 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and association with clinicopathological characteristics. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:792-800. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayakannan Manikandan
- Department of Genetics; Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Madras; Chennai India
| | | | | | - Ramamurthy Rajaraman
- Centre for Oncology; Government Royapettah hospital & Kilpauk Medical College; Chennai India
| | - Arasambattu K. Munirajan
- Department of Genetics; Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Madras; Chennai India
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188
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MacKenzie TA, Schwartz GN, Calderone HM, Graveel CR, Winn ME, Hostetter G, Wells WA, Sempere LF. Stromal expression of miR-21 identifies high-risk group in triple-negative breast cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3217-25. [PMID: 25440114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype defined by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. Expression of miR-21, an oncomiR, is frequently altered and may be distinctly expressed in the tumor stroma. Because tumor lesions are a complex mixture of cell types, we hypothesized that analysis of miR-21 expression at single-cell resolution could provide more accurate information to assess disease recurrence risk and BC-related death. We implemented a fully automated, tissue slide-based assay to detect miR-21 expression in 988 patients with BC. The miR-21(High) group exhibited shorter recurrence-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 1.71; P < 0.001] and BC-specific survival (HR, 1.96; P < 0.001) in multivariate regression analyses. When tumor compartment and levels of miR-21 expression were considered, significant associations with poor clinical outcome were detected exclusively in tumor epithelia from estrogen receptor- and/or progesterone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative cases [recurrence-free survival: HR, 3.67 (P = 0.006); BC-specific survival: HR, 5.13 (P = 0.002)] and in tumor stroma from TNBC cases [recurrence-free survival: HR, 2.59 (P = 0.013); BC-specific survival: HR, 3.37 (P = 0.003)]. These findings suggest that the context of altered miR-21 expression provides clinically relevant information. Importantly, miR-21 expression was predominantly up-regulated and potentially prognostic in the tumor stroma of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A MacKenzie
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Gary N Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Heather M Calderone
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Carrie R Graveel
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Mary E Winn
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Laboratory of Analytical Pathology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Wendy A Wells
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Laboratory of microRNA Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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189
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Hirata Y, Murai N, Yanaihara N, Saito M, Saito M, Urashima M, Murakami Y, Matsufuji S, Okamoto A. MicroRNA-21 is a candidate driver gene for 17q23-25 amplification in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:799. [PMID: 25366985 PMCID: PMC4289307 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common cause of gynecological malignancy-related mortality. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) has unique clinical characteristics and behaviors that differ from other histological types of EOC, including a frequent association with endometriosis and a highly chemoresistant nature, resulting in poor prognosis. However, factors underlying its malignant behavior are still poorly understood. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been shown to be involved in oncogenesis, and microRNA-21 (miR-21) is frequently overexpressed in many types of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-21 in 17q23-25 amplification associated with CCC oncogenesis. METHODS We identified 17q23-25 copy number aberrations among 28 primary CCC tumors by using a comparative genomic hybridization method. Next, we measured expression levels of the candidate target genes, miR-21 and PPM1D, for 17q23-25 amplification by real-time RT-PCR analysis and compared those data with copy number status and clinicopathological features. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of PTEN (a potential target of miR-21) was performed using the same primary CCC cases. We investigated the biological significance of miR-21 overexpression in CCC using a loss-of-function antisense approach. RESULTS 17q23-25 amplification with both miR-21 overexpression and PTEN protein loss was detected in 4/28 CCC cases (14.2%). The patients with 17q23-25 amplification had significantly shorter progression-free and overall survival than those without 17q23-25 amplification (log-rank test: p = 0.0496; p = 0.0469, respectively). A significant correlation was observed between miR-21 overexpression and endometriosis. Both PTEN mRNA and PTEN protein expression were increased by miR-21 knockdown in CCC cells. We also confirmed that miR-21 directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of PTEN mRNA using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS MiR-21 is a possible driver gene other than PPM1D for 17q23-25 amplification in CCC. Aberrant expression of miR-21 by chromosomal amplification might play an important role in CCC carcinogenesis through the regulation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nozomu Yanaihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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190
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Chen B, Chen X, Wu X, Wang X, Wang Y, Lin TY, Kurata J, Wu J, Vonderfecht S, Sun G, Huang H, Yee JK, Hu J, Lin RJ. Disruption of microRNA-21 by TALEN leads to diminished cell transformation and increased expression of cell-environment interaction genes. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:506-516. [PMID: 25304376 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 is dysregulated in many cancers and fibrotic diseases. Since miR-21 suppresses several tumor suppressor and anti-apoptotic genes, it is considered a cancer therapeutic target. Antisense oligonucleotides are commonly used to inhibit a miRNA; however, blocking miRNA function via an antagomir is temporary, often only achieves a partial knock-down, and may be complicated by off-target effects. Here, we used transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to disrupt miR-21 in cancerous cells. Individual deletion clones were screened and isolated without drug selection. Sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR identified clones with no miR-21 expression. The loss of miR-21 led to subtle but global increases of mRNAs containing miR-21 target sequences. Cells without miR-21 became more sensitive to cisplatin and less transformed in culture and in mouse xenografts. In addition to the increase of PDCD4 and PTEN protein, mRNAs for COL4A1, JAG1, SERPINB5/Maspin, SMAD7, and TGFBI - all are miR-21 targets and involved in TGFβ and fibrosis regulation - were significantly upregulated in miR-21 knockout cells. Gene ontology and pathway analysis suggested that cell-environment interactions involving extracellular matrix can be an important miR-21 pathogenic mechanism. The study also demonstrates the value of using TALEN-mediated microRNA gene disruption in human pathobiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyuan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinji Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Virology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yingjia Wang
- Department of Virology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jessica Kurata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Steven Vonderfecht
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Guihua Sun
- Department of Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiing-Kuan Yee
- Department of Virology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ren-Jang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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191
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Liu M, Liu J, Wang L, Wu H, Zhou C, Zhu H, Xu N, Xie Y. Association of serum microRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinomas treated with transarterial chemoembolization and patient survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109347. [PMID: 25275448 PMCID: PMC4183700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly tumors. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is effective for unresectable HCC. In recent years, miRNAs have been proposed as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for HCC. This study aimed to identify whether microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as biomarkers to reliably predict outcome before HCC patients are treated with TACE. METHODS Eleven miRNAs (miR-, miR-19a, miR-101-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-200a, miR-21, miR-214, miR-221, miR-222, miR-223 and miR-, -5p) were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 136 HCC patients' serum before they received TACE therapy. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify the prognostic value of clinical parameters and miRNAs. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the prediction potency. RESULTS The levels of some miRNAs were dramatically associated with clinicopathologic features regarding Child-Puge class, AFP, tumor size and satellite nodules. Univariate analysis revealed that miR-200a, miR-21, miR-122 and miR-224-5p were significantly associated with patients' survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that AFP, satellite nodules and miR-200a were the independent prognostic factors associated with survival in this cohort (p = 0.000, 0.001, 0.000, respectively). The probability of the prognostic accuracy of miR-200a was 81.64% (74.47% specificity and 88.76% sensitivity), which was higher than the classifier established by combination of AFP and satellite nodules (76.87% probability, 70.21% specificity and 69.66% sensitivity). Furthermore, the combination of AFP, satellite nodules and miR-200a demonstrated as a classifier for HCC prognosis, yielding a ROC curve area of 88.19% (93.62% specificity and 68.54% sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that serum miR-200a may prognosticate disease outcome in HCC patients with TACE therapy. Therefore, miR-200a can potentially guide individualized treatment for HCC patients with a high risk of TACE treatment failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jibing Liu
- Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huiyong Wu
- Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yinfa Xie
- Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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192
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High dose ionizing radiation regulates micro RNA and gene expression changes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:814. [PMID: 25257395 PMCID: PMC4182888 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High dose ionizing radiation (IR) induces potent toxic cell effects mediated by either direct DNA damage or the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). IR-induced modulations in multiple biological processes have been proposed to be partly regulated by radiosensitive microRNA (miRNA). In order to gain new insights into the role of miRNAs in the regulation of biological processes after IR, we have investigated changes in mRNA and miRNA expression after high dose IR. Results IR induced changes in the mRNA and miRNA profiles of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When comparing non-irradiated and irradiated samples, we detected a time-dependent increase in differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs, with the highest differences detectable 20 hours after exposure. Gene ontology analysis revealed that very early events (up to 4 hours) after irradiation were specifically associated with p53 signaling and apoptotic pathways, whereas a large number of diverse cellular processes were deregulated after 20 hours. Transcription factor analysis of all up-regulated genes confirmed the importance of p53 in the early post-irradiation phase. When analyzing miRNA expression, we found 177 miRNAs that were significantly regulated in the late post-irradiation phase. Integrating miRNA and target gene expression data, we found a significant negative correlation between miRNA-mRNA and identified hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) as a transcription factor down-regulated in the response to IR. These regulated miRNAs and the HLF target genes were involved in modulating radio-responsive pathways, such as apoptosis, the MAKP signaling pathway, endocytosis, and cytokine-cytokine interactions. Conclusion Using a large dataset of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles, we describe the interplay of mRNAs and miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression in response to IR at a posttranscriptional level and their involvement in the modulation of radiation-induced biological pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-814) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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193
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Faye MD, Holcik M. The role of IRES trans-acting factors in carcinogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:887-97. [PMID: 25257759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of protein expression through RNA metabolism is a key aspect of cellular homeostasis. Upon specific cellular stresses, distinct transcripts are selectively controlled to modify protein output in order to quickly and appropriately respond to stress. Reprogramming of the translation machinery is one node of this strict control that typically consists of an attenuation of the global, cap-dependent translation and accompanying switch to alternative mechanisms of translation initiation, such as internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated initiation. In cancer, many aspects of the RNA metabolism are frequently misregulated to provide cancer cells with a growth and survival advantage. This includes changes in the expression and function of RNA binding proteins termed IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) that are central to IRES translation. In this review, we will examine select emerging, as well as established, ITAFs with important roles in cancer initiation and progression, and in particular their role in IRES-mediated translation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translation and Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame Daro Faye
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Martin Holcik
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.
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194
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MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) regulates cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis by targeting PTEN, RECK and Bcl-2 in lung squamous carcinoma, Gejiu City, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103698. [PMID: 25084400 PMCID: PMC4118890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South China (Gejiu City, Yunnan Province), lung cancer incidence and associated mortality rate is the most prevalent and observed forms of cancer. Lung cancer in this area is called Gejiu squamous cell lung carcinoma (GSQCLC). Research has demonstrated that overexpression of miR-21 occurs in many cancers. However, the unique relationship between miR-21 and its target genes in GSQCLC has never been investigated. The molecular mechanism involved in GSQCLC must be compared to other non-small cell lung cancers in order to establish a relation and identify potential therapeutic targets. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the current study, we initially found overexpression of miR-21 occurring in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines when compared to the immortalized lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. We also demonstrated that high expression of miR-21 could increase tumor cell proliferation, invasion, viability, and migration in GSQCLC cell line (YTMLC-90) and NSCLC cell line (NCI-H157). Additionally, our results revealed that miR-21 could suppress YTMLC-90 and NCI-H157 cell apoptosis through arresting cell-cycle at G2/M phase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PTEN, RECK and Bcl-2 are common target genes of miR-21 in NSCLC. Finally, our studies showed that down-regulation of miR-21 could lead to a significant increase in PTEN and RECK and decrease in Bcl-2 at the mRNA and protein level in YTMLC-90 and NCI-H157 cell lines. However, we have not observed any remarkable difference in the levels of miR-21 and its targets in YTMLC-90 cells when compared with NCI-H157 cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE miR-21 simultaneously regulates multiple programs that enhance cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor invasiveness by targeting PTEN, RECK and Bcl-2 in GSQCLC. Our results demonstrated that miR-21 may play a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma and suppression of miR-21 may be a novel approach for the treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma.
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195
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Yang CH, Yue J, Pfeffer SR, Fan M, Paulus E, Hosni-Ahmed A, Sims M, Qayyum S, Davidoff AM, Handorf CR, Pfeffer LM. MicroRNA-21 promotes glioblastoma tumorigenesis by down-regulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25079-87. [PMID: 25059666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgery, imaging, chemotherapy, and radiation, patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common histological subtype of glioma, have an especially dismal prognosis; >70% of GBM patients die within 2 years of diagnosis. In many human cancers, the microRNA miR-21 is overexpressed, and accumulating evidence indicates that it functions as an oncogene. Here, we report that miR-21 is overexpressed in human GBM cell lines and tumor tissue. Moreover, miR-21 expression in GBM patient samples is inversely correlated with patient survival. Knockdown of miR-21 in GBM cells inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and markedly inhibited tumor formation in vivo. A number of known miR-21 targets have been identified previously. By microarray analysis, we identified and validated insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) as a novel miR-21 target gene. Overexpression of IGFBP3 in glioma cells inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumor formation of glioma xenografts in vivo. The critical role that IGFBP3 plays in miR-21-mediated actions was demonstrated by a rescue experiment, in which IGFBP3 knockdown in miR-21KD glioblastoma cells restored tumorigenesis. Examination of tumors from GBM patients showed that there was an inverse relationship between IGFBP3 and miR-21 expression and that increased IGFBP3 expression correlated with better patient survival. Our results identify IGFBP3 as a novel miR-21 target gene in glioblastoma and suggest that the oncogenic miRNA miR-21 down-regulates the expression of IGFBP3, which acts as a tumor suppressor in human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He Yang
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Junming Yue
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Susan R Pfeffer
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Meiyun Fan
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | | | - Amira Hosni-Ahmed
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Michelle Sims
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Sohail Qayyum
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38103
| | - Charles R Handorf
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 and
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196
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin VP. Extracellular vesicles shed by glioma cells: pathogenic role and clinical value. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8425-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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197
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MicroRNA-21 controls the development of osteoarthritis by targeting GDF-5 in chondrocytes. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e79. [PMID: 24577233 PMCID: PMC3944443 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common cause of functional deterioration in older adults and is an immense burden on the aging population. Altered chondrogenesis is the most important pathophysiological process involved in the development of osteoarthritis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of chondrogenesis in patients with osteoarthritis requires further elucidation, particularly with respect to the role of microRNAs. MiR-21 expression in cartilage specimens was examined in 10 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 10 traumatic amputees. The effect of miR-21 on chondrogenesis was also investigated in a chondrocyte cell line. The effect of miR-21 on the expression of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) was further assessed by luciferase reporter assay and western blot. We found that endogenous miR-21 is upregulated in osteoarthritis patients, and overexpression of miR-21 could attenuate the process of chondrogenesis. Furthermore, we identified GDF-5 as the direct target of miR-21 during the regulation of chondrogenesis. Our data suggest that miR-21 has an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and is a potential therapeutic target.
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198
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ZHOU CHENXI, DING JUN, WU YUANWEN. Resveratrol induces apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via miR-21 regulation of the Akt/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1467-73. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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199
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Li YF, Jing Y, Hao J, Frankfort NC, Zhou X, Shen B, Liu X, Wang L, Li R. MicroRNA-21 in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. Protein Cell 2013; 4:813-9. [PMID: 24214874 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), associated with significant morbidity and mortality, is widely known to involve epithelial apoptosis, excessive inflammation, and fibrosis in response to ischemia or reperfusion injury, which results in either chronic pathological changes or death. Therefore, it is imperative that investigations are conducted in order to find effective, early diagnoses, and therapeutic targets needed to help prevent and treat AKI. However, the mechanisms modulating the pathogenesis of AKI still remain largely undetermined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules, play an important role in several fundamental biological and pathological processes by a post transcriptional regulatory function of gene expression. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a recently identified, typical miRNA that is functional as a regulator known to be involved in apoptosis as well as inflammatory and fibrotic signaling pathways in AKI. As a result, miR-21 is now considered a novel biomarker when diagnosing and treating AKI. This article reviews the correlative literature and research progress regarding the roles of miR-21 in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Center, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China,
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200
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miR-21-containing microvesicles from injured tubular epithelial cells promote tubular phenotype transition by targeting PTEN protein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1183-1196. [PMID: 23978520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is inevitably progressive no matter what the initial insult is or whether the insult persists. In an experimental fibrosis model induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction, the accelerated pathological changes could hardly be explained by aggravated pressure caused by hydronephrosis after ligation. Moreover, at the initial stage, tubular phenotype transition and matrix deposition in obstructive kidneys are always local and scattered; however, these renal lesions expand and progress with time. In this study, cultured recipient tubular cells underwent phenotype transition after incubation with conditioned media derived from transforming growth factor-β1-treated donor tubular cells. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that some secretable molecules from injured tubules contribute to the progression of renal fibrosis. Herein, we report that secreted miRNA-21 (miR-21) can serve as the molecule mediating intercellular communication. miR-21 was packaged into microvesicles, which enter and deliver miR-21 into recipient tubular cells, and exogenous miR-21 enhances Akt signaling by target depression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein, and promotes tubular phenotype transition. These results demonstrate that tubular cells can secrete miR-21 and deliver it into recipient tubules by microvesicles, where the exogenous miR-21 can target PTEN protein and enhance Akt signaling in recipient cells. Microvesicle-mediated delivery of miR-21 among tubular epithelial cells might shed new light on the mechanism of progressive renal fibrosis.
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