151
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Agrawal SK, Majhi PK, Goodfellow AS, Tak RK, Cordes DB, McKay AP, Kasten K, Bühl M, Smith AD. Synthesis of Tetra-Substituted 3-Hydroxyphthalide Esters by Isothiourea-Catalysed Acylative Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402909. [PMID: 38713305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A general and highly enantioselective method for the preparation of tetra-substituted 3-hydroxyphthalide esters via isothiourea-catalysed acylative dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) is reported. Using (2S,3R)-HyperBTM (5 mol %) as the catalyst, the scope and limitations of this methodology have been extensively probed, with high enantioselectivity and good to excellent yields observed (>40 examples, up to 99 %, 99 : 1 er). Substitution of the aromatic core within the 3-hydroxyphthalide skeleton, as well as aliphatic and aromatic substitution at C(3), is readily tolerated. A diverse range of anhydrides, including those from bioactive and pharmaceutically relevant acids, can also be used. The high enantioselectivity observed in this DKR process has been probed computationally, with a key substrate heteroatom donor O⋅⋅⋅acyl-isothiouronium interaction identified through DFT analysis as necessary for enantiodiscrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham K Agrawal
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Pankaj K Majhi
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alister S Goodfellow
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Raj K Tak
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Aidan P McKay
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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152
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Paderina A, Slavova S, Tupikina E, Snetkov D, Grachova E. Aggregation Game: Changing Solid-State Emission Using Different Counterions in Monoalkynylphosphonium Pt(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39239665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Two series of heteroleptic monoalkynylphosphonium Pt(II) complexes decorated with 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (terpy, N series) and 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine (phbpy, C series) ligands, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The complexes obtained exhibit triplet emission in solution, and the characteristics inside the series depend on the nature of the alkynylphosphonium ligand. The description of electronic transitions responsible for energy absorption and emission in discrete Pt(II) complexes was made on the basis of a detailed analysis of the results of DFT calculations, and has shown to involve MLCT, ILCT, and LLCT transitions. The complexes of both series exhibit triplet solid-state luminescence with parameters that also depend on the composition of the complexes, and the analysis of the experimental data indicates the realization of LC, MLCT, MMLCT, and MC transitions due to Pt⋯Pt metallophilic interactions and matrix rigidity. It was shown that the anion variation leads to a significant difference in the photophysical characteristics of the N complexes, which exhibit a smooth dependence of the luminescent properties on the anion size. Using quantum chemical modeling, it is demonstrated how the anion size influences the Pt⋯Pt distance in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Paderina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Sofia Slavova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Tupikina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitry Snetkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Elena Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
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153
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Kaya Y, Erçağ A, Kaya S, Berisha A, Akkaya B, Zorlu Y. New solvated Mo(VI) complexes of isatin based asymmetric bisthiocarbohydrazones as potent bioactive agent: synthesis, DFT-molecular docking studies, biological activity evaluation and crystal structures. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00633-x. [PMID: 39240269 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
New solvated Mo(VI) complexes were isolated from the reaction of [MoO2(acac)2] with asymmetric isatin bisthiocarbohydrazone ligands. The ligands were obtained from the reaction of isatin monothiocarbohydrazone with 3,5-dibromo salicylaldehyde (L1), 3,5-dichloro salicylaldehyde (L2) and 3-chloro-5-bromo salicylaldehyde (L3), respectively. In the complexes, the ligands serve as ONS donors and coordinate to the [MoO2]2+ nucleus. The bonding sites are azomethine nitrogen atom, phenolic oxygen atom and thiol sulfur atom. The sixth coordination site is completed by an oxygen atom from an ethanol solvent. The ethanol-coordinated Mo(VI) complexes, C1-C3, [MoO2L(EtOH)] (L: L1-L3), were characterized using elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and conductivity measurements. By crystallizing ethanol-solvated solid complexes from an EtOH/DMSO mixture, DMSO-solvated complexes (C4-C6) suitable for X-ray crystallography were obtained. Crystal structure analysis supports the proposed complex structures and geometries, but the ethanol in the sixth coordination site has been replaced by DMSO. When the anticarcinogenic effects of the ligands and complexes (C1-C3) on the C6 cell line were examined, it was found that the complexes showed higher activity than the ligands. The C3 complex appears to have the best anti-cancer activity compared to doxorubicin. Additionally, all compounds were determined to have high total antioxidant capacity. Data obtained from theoretical studies (DFT and docking) support experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Kaya
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Erçağ
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Savaş Kaya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Avni Berisha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematics Science, University of Prishtina, 10000, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Birnur Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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154
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Dreher T, Geciauskas L, Steinfeld S, Procacci B, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Douthwaite RE, Duhme-Klair AK. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer facilitates photocatalytic oxygen atom transfer (OAT) with cis-dioxo molybdenum(vi)-Schiff base complexes. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02784a. [PMID: 39282649 PMCID: PMC11396016 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Systems incorporating the cis-Mo(O)2 motif catalyse a range of important thermal homogeneous and heterogeneous oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions spanning biological oxidations to platform chemical synthesis. Analogous light-driven processes could offer a more sustainable approach. The cis-Mo(O)2 complexes reported here photocatalyse OAT under visible light irradiation, and operate via a non-emissive excited state with substantial ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) character, in which a Mo[double bond, length as m-dash]O π*-orbital is populated via transfer of electron density from a chromophoric salicylidene-aminophenol (SAP) ligand. SAP ligands can be prepared from affordable commercially-available precursors. The respective cis-Mo(O)2-SAP catalysts are air stable, function in the presence of water, and do not require additional photosensitisers or redox mediators. Benchmark OAT between phosphines and sulfoxides shows that electron withdrawing groups (e.g. C(O)OMe, CF3) are necessary for photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic system described here is mechanistically distinct from both thermally catalysed OAT by the cis-Mo(O)2 motif, as well as typical photoredox systems that operate by outer sphere electron transfer mediated by long-lived emissive states. Both photoactivated and thermally activated OAT steps are coupled to establish a catalytic cycle, offering new opportunities for the development of photocatalytic atom transfer based on readily-available, high-valent metals, such as molybdenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Dreher
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Lukas Geciauskas
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Samuel Steinfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Barbara Procacci
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington YO10 5DD York UK
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155
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Zhu T, Zhan W, Fan W, Zhang X. Research on Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Performance of Tetranuclear Copper(I) Clusters Supported by 2-Mercaptobenz-zole-Type Ligands. Molecules 2024; 29:4228. [PMID: 39275077 PMCID: PMC11396812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrahedral copper(I) clusters [Cu4(MBIZ)4(PPh3)2] (2), [Cu4(MBOZ)4(PPh3)4] (6) (MBIZ = 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, MBOZ = 2-mercaptobenzoxazole) were prepared by regulation of the copper-thiolate clusters [Cu6(MBIZ)6] (1) and [Cu8(MBOZ)8I]- (5) with PPh3. With the presence of iodide anion, the regulation provided the iodide-containing clusters [CuI4(MBIZ)3(PPh3)3I] (3) and [CuI4(MBOZ)3(PPh3)3I] (7). The cyclic voltammogram of 3 in MeCN (0.1 M nBu4NPF6, 298 K) at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1 shows two oxidation processes at Epa = +0.11 and +0.45 V with return waves observed at Epc = +0.25 V (vs. Fc+/Fc). Complex 3 has a higher capability to lose and gain electrons in the redox processes than complexes 2, 4, 4', 6, and 7. Its thermal stability was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic performance of 3 was demonstrated by the catalytic transformation of iodobenzenes to benzonitriles using AIBN as the cyanide source. The nitrile products show potential applications in the preparation of 1,3,5-triazine compounds for organic fluorescence materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wangyuan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
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156
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Sharma H, Mondal S, Urquiza U, Esparza C, Bartlett S, Santa-Pinter L, Hill H, White M, Sharma P, Luckett-Chastain L, Cooper A, Rasel M, Gao P, Battaile KP, Shukla SK, Lovell S, Ihnat MA. Synthesis and biological characterization of an orally bioavailable lactate dehydrogenase-A inhibitor against pancreatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116598. [PMID: 38925013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) is the major isoform of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) that is overexpressed and linked to poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite some progress, current LDH inhibitors have poor structural and physicochemical properties or exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetics that have hampered their development. The present study reports the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of LDHA inhibitors comprising a succinic acid monoamide motif. Compounds 6 and 21 are structurally related analogs that demonstrated potent inhibition of LDHA with IC50s of 46 nM and 72 nM, respectively. We solved cocrystal structures of compound 21-bound to LDHA that showed that the compound binds to a distinct allosteric site between the two subunits of the LDHA tetramer. Inhibition of LDHA correlated with reduced lactate production and reduction of glycolysis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. The lead compounds inhibit the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived 3D organoids and exhibit a synergistic cytotoxic effect with the OXPHOS inhibitor phenformin. Unlike current LDHA inhibitors, 6 and 21 have appropriate pharmacokinetics and ligand efficiency metrics, exhibit up to 73% oral bioavailability, and a cumulative half-life greater than 4 h in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horrick Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA.
| | - Somrita Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Uzziah Urquiza
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Colter Esparza
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Seth Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Landon Santa-Pinter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Hanna Hill
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Madalyn White
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Lerin Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Anne Cooper
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mohammad Rasel
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Surendra K Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, OU College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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157
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Støckler KAH, Zhang J, Brummerstedt Iversen B. Stereochemically Active Lone Pairs Stabilizing Intrinsic Vacancy Defects in Thermoelectric InTe. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402001. [PMID: 38924189 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Harvesting waste heat efficiently with thermoelectric energy conversion requires materials with low thermal conductivity. Recently, it was demonstrated how dynamic lone pair expression in thermoelectric InTe is responsible for giant anharmonicity leading to a very low lattice thermal conductivity. InTe also contains correlated disorder of intrinsic defects due to vacancies, and this contributes to additional lowering of the thermal conductivity. Here we use the three-dimensional difference pair distribution function (3D-ΔPDF) to analyze 25 K single crystal diffuse X-ray scattering from InTe to unravel the local defect structure, and propose a microscopic structural model. Extended off-centering of In+ ions induced by vacancies allows for the local expression of stereochemically active lone pairs. The associated electronic stabilization is proposed to be a driving force for the formation of In+ vacancy defects in InTe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Andreas Holm Støckler
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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158
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Seelajaroen H, Apaydin DH, Spingler B, Jungsuttiwong S, Wongnongwa Y, Rojanathanes R, Sariciftci NS, Thamyongkit P. Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationship of meso-Substituted Porphyrin- and Benzoporphyrin-Thiophene Conjugates toward Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2024; 38:16555-16569. [PMID: 39257468 PMCID: PMC11382159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel series of ZnII-trans-A2B2 porphyrins and benzoporphyrins bearing phenyl and thiophene-based meso-substituents was successfully synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Systematic comparison among the compounds in this series, together with the corresponding A4 analogs previously studied by our group, led to the understanding of the effects of π-conjugated system extension of a porphyrin core through β-fused rings, replacement of the phenyl with the thiophene-based meso-groups, and introduction of additional thiophene rings on thienyl substituents on photophysical and electrochemical properties. Oxidative electropolymerization through bithiophenyl units of both A4 and trans-A2B2 analogs was achieved, resulting in porphyrin- and benzoporphyrin-oligothiophene conjugated polymers, which were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectrophotometry. Preliminary studies on catalytic performance toward electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) was described herein to demonstrate the potential of the selected compounds for serving as homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seelajaroen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - D H Apaydin
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - B Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - S Jungsuttiwong
- Center for Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Y Wongnongwa
- NSTDA Supercomputer Center (ThaiSC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - R Rojanathanes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - N S Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - P Thamyongkit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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159
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Kamebuchi H, Makino R, Hiruma K, Tomura K, Tadokoro M. Covalently Linked 5,6,11,12-Tetraazanaphthacene Dimer and Its Triptycene-Capped Derivatives as Electron Acceptors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400632. [PMID: 38924204 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of electron transport and n-type materials is still largely dominated by a limited number of organic semiconductors, with fullerenes at the forefront. In contrast, substantial progress has been made in developing hole transport and p-type materials. Therefore, expanding the range of electron acceptors, making them solution-processable, and elucidating their structural arrangement by X-ray crystallography is essential. We synthesised 2,2'-bi-(5,6,11,12-tetraazanaphthacene) (bi-TANC) and its triptycene end-capped derivative, 2,2'-bi(8,13-dihydro-8,13-[1,2]benzenonaphtho-5,6,15,16-tetraazanaphthacene) (bi-TpTANC), as electron acceptors. Bi-TANC exhibits a herringbone-like crystal packing with intermolecular π-π overlap, which is observed in typical organic n-type semiconductors. However, it showed poor solubility, similar to larger acenes. In contrast, bi-TpTANC exhibited favourable solubility, and its electrochemistry in solution was investigated. In the cyclic voltammogram of bi-TpTANC, reversible redox waves corresponding to 3-step/4-electron transfer were observed at -0.795 V (1e-), -0.927 V (1e-), and -1.44 V (2e-) as half-wave potentials. The redox wave associated with the two-electron transfer on the negative low-potential side indicates the presence of through-bond charge delocalisation in the monoanionic state. Furthermore, the LUMO level of bi-TpTANC is -4.1 eV, which indicates its potential as a promising air-stable n-type material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kamebuchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui 3-25-40, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Rintaro Makino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Tomura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Tadokoro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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160
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Poungsripong P, Boonprab T, Harding P, Murray KS, Phonsri W, Zhang N, Kitchen JA, Harding DJ. Synthesis, mixed-spin-state structure and Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of amphiphilic Fe(iii) quinolylsalicylaldiminate complexes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28716-28723. [PMID: 39257657 PMCID: PMC11384930 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing and integrating Fe(iii)-based spin crossover (SCO) complexes onto substrates remains a challenging goal with only a handful of examples reported. In this work, we successfully synthesized and characterized three [Fe(qsal-OR)2]NO3 (qsal-OR = 5-alkoxy-2-[(8-quinolylimino)methyl]phenolate) complexes, in which R = C12H251, C16H332, and C22H453 to explore the impact of alkyl chain on the modulation of SCO activity and potential for self-assembly on a glass surface. The SCO is found to be gradual and incomplete in all cases, with the LS state more stabilised as the alkyl group shortens. We also demonstrate that all complexes form stable Langmuir films and achieve good transfer ratios to the glass surface, with 2 being the best in terms of stability. This paves the way for the SCO modulation of complexes in this class and the development of SCO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeranuch Poungsripong
- Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University Thasala Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand
| | - Theerapoom Boonprab
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Phimphaka Harding
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Keith S Murray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Wasinee Phonsri
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Ningjin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton University Road Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Jonathan A Kitchen
- Department of Chemistry, Auckland University of Technology New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
| | - David J Harding
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
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161
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Lin J, Bu G, Unge J, Gonen T. An Updated Structure of Oxybutynin Hydrochloride. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406494. [PMID: 39225443 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Oxybutynin (Ditropan), a widely distributed muscarinic antagonist for treating the overactive bladder, has been awaiting a definitive crystal structure for ≈50 years due to the sample and technique limitations. Past reports used powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to shed light on the possible packing of the molecule however their model showed some inconsistencies when compared with the 2D chemical structure. These are largely attributed to X-ray-induced photoreduction. Here microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) is used to successfully unveil the experimental 3D structure of oxybutynin hydrochloride showing marked improvement over the reported PXRD structure. Using the improved model, molecular docking is applied to investigate the binding mechanism between M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R) and (R)-oxybutynin, revealing essential contacts/residues and conformational changes within the protein pocket. A possible universal conformation is proposed for M3R antagonists, which is valuable for future drug development and optimization. This study underscores the immense potential of MicroED as a complementary technique for elucidating unknown pharmaceutical structures, as well as for protein-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieye Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guanhong Bu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Johan Unge
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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162
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Samuel C, Narsimhulu G, Bangar G, Kumar Dasari SH, Rajaraman G, Baskar V. Silver-π Interaction: A Diverse Approach to Hybrid Material and Its Efficacy in Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39225499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the intriguing nature of the metal-π interaction in organometallic chemistry, a novel 1D hybrid material has been designed. Herein, a functionalized tellurium allyl macrocycle (TAM) acts as a molecular building block and is knit together via silver-π interaction to obtain Ag-TAM. Ag is coordinated to two allyl groups and a phenyl ring in η2 mode. Instead of the conventional polymerization strategy, a metal-π interaction is employed to interlink macrocycles. TAM and Ag-TAM showed electrocatalytic capability for the conversion of nitrate to ammonia. Ag-TAM showed an NH3 yield rate 2-fold greater than TAM with a high faradaic efficiency of 94.6% with good durability, proving that interlinking of macrocycles via metal-π interaction improves the catalytic activity. Detailed periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil novel mechanistic insights, suggesting cooperative catalysis between neighboring Ag sites and contributing to the enhanced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Samuel
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Gujju Narsimhulu
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Garima Bangar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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163
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Tiwari L, Leach C, Williams A, Lighter B, Heiden Z, Roll MF, Moberly JG, Cornell KA, Waynant KV. Binding Mechanisms and Therapeutic Activity of Heterocyclic Substituted Arylazothioformamide Ligands and Their Cu(I) Coordination Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37141-37154. [PMID: 39246472 PMCID: PMC11375723 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Finding new sources of biologically active compounds for anticancer or antimicrobial therapies remains an active area of research. Azothioformamides (ATFs) with a 1,3 N=N-C=S heterodiene backbone are a new class of biologically active compounds that chelate metals (e.g., Cu) forming stable ATF metal coordination complexes. In this study, ATF ligands were prepared with pyrrolidine, piperidine, N-methylpiperazine, and morpholine substituents on the formamide as to add more heterocyclic drug-like character for biological studies. Formamide derivatives were then complexed with various Cu(I) salts to form coordination complexes. Cu(I) salts were selected as to create potential bioactive compounds with less toxicity. Binding association constants of each Cu(I) salt to ATF ligands were extrapolated from UV-vis titration studies and were corroborated with DFT calculations using a hybrid functional B3LYP method. It was observed that the smaller pyrrolidine functionalized ATFs bound to the Cu(I) salts had stronger binding than any of the larger six-membered-ring heterocycles with association values in the 104 - 105 M-1 range. The ATF-Cu(I) salt coordination complexes were then evaluated for antimicrobial activity against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), one yeast (Candida albicans), four human cancer lines (A-549, K-562, HT-1080, MDA-MB-231), and two normal human lines (MRC-5, HFF). The ATF ligands themselves were inactive against all microbes and most human lines except K-562 cells, which were sensitive to three of the four ligands (IC50's = 7.0-25.5 μM). Most ATF-Cu(I) complexes showed low to medium micromolar activity against Candida albicans (IC50's 2.6-24.8 μM) and Staphylococcus aureus (IC50's = 3.4-37.7 μM), with increasing activity corresponding to complexes with higher binding association constants. The antiproliferative properties of ATF-Cu(I) metal salt complexes against mammalian cells were mixed, with low to medium micromolar activity across all cell lines. Notably, several ATF-Cu(I) salt coordination complexes showed submicromolar activity against the HT-1080 fibrosarcoma line (0.52-0.69 μM). The results demonstrate promising activity of ATF-Cu(I) complexes, particularly with pyrrolidine as the formamide component. These studies suggest that the stronger binding association values correlate to higher levels of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Tiwari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Caleb Leach
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ashley Williams
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Brandon Lighter
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Zachariah Heiden
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Mark F. Roll
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - James G. Moberly
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Cornell
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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164
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Chen Q, Zhou G, Huang Z. Single-Crystal Structural Analysis of 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks by Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2522-2531. [PMID: 39145737 PMCID: PMC11375765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusIn the development of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), obtaining structural details at the atomic level is crucial to understanding their properties and related mechanisms in potential applications. However, since 2D-MOFs and COFs are composed of layered structures and often exhibit sheet-like morphologies, it is challenging to grow large crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). Therefore, ab initio structure determination, which refers to solving the structure directly from experimental data without using any prior knowledge or computational input, is extremely rare for 2D-MOFs and COFs. In contrast to SCXRD, three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) only requires crystals sized in tens or hundreds of nanometers, making it an ideal method for single-crystal analysis of 2D-MOFs and COFs and obtaining their fine structural details.In this Account, we describe our recent development of the 3DED method and its application in structure determination and property studies of 2D-MOFs and COFs. A key development is the establishment of a continuous 3DED data collection protocol. By collecting electron diffraction (ED) patterns continuously while performing crystal tilting, the electron dose applied to the target nanocrystal is greatly reduced. This allows the acquisition of high-resolution 3DED data from 2D-MOFs and COFs by minimizing their damage under the electron beam. We have also developed an approach to couple 3DED with real-space structure solution methods, i.e., simulated annealing (SA), for single-crystal structural analysis of materials that do not have high crystallinity. We successfully determined two 2D-COF structures by combining 3DED with SA.We provide several examples demonstrating the application of 3DED for the ab initio structure determination of 2D-MOFs and COFs, revealing not only their in-plane structures but also their stacking modes at the atomic level. Notably, the obtained structural details serve as the foundation for further understanding the properties of 2D-MOFs and COFs, such as their electronic band structures, charge mobilities, etc. Beyond structure determination, we describe our work on using 3DED as a high-throughput method for the discovery of new materials. Using this approach, we discovered a novel MOF that was present only in trace amounts within a multiphasic mixture. Through this discovery, we were able to tune the synthesis conditions to obtain its pure phase.We detail how 3DED can be used to probe different levels of molecular motions in MOFs through the analysis of anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs). Additionally, we show that 3DED can provide accurate information about intermolecular weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Our studies demonstrate that 3DED is a valuable method for the structural analysis of 2D-MOFs and COFs. We envision that 3DED can accelerate research in these fields by providing unambiguous structural models at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Chen
- Center for Electron Microscopy, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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165
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Kisel KS, Baigildin VA, Mozzhukhina AV, Zharskaia NA, Silonov SA, Shakirova JR, Tunik SP. Biocompatible Re-Containing Block Copolymers for Intracellular pH Mapping in the PLIM Mode. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16348-16361. [PMID: 39155842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring of intracellular pH is of great importance since deviation of this parameter from the "normal" magnitudes can be considered as an indicator of various pathologies. Thus, the development of new efficient and biocompatible sensors suitable for application in biological systems and capable of quantitative pH estimation remains an urgent chemical task. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of phosphorescent rhenium [Re(NN)(CO)2(PR3)2]+ complexes based on the NN diimine ligands containing pH-responsive carboxylic groups and styrene-containing phosphine ligands. The complexes, which display the highest pH sensitivity, were copolymerized with polyvinylpyrrolidone using the RAFT protocol to impart water solubility and to protect the chromophores from interaction with molecular oxygen. The resulting copolymers show an emission lifetime response onto pH variations in the physiological range. Cellular experiments with Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) reveal easy internalization of the probes in cell culture and an approximately uniform distribution in cells, with some preference for location in acidic compartments (late endosomes and lysosomes). Using nigericin to homogenize intra- and extracellular pH, we built a calibration of lifetime versus pH in live CHO-K1 cells. Analysis of the phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) data confirms the applicability of the obtained sensors for monitoring the intracellular pH in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Baigildin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna V Mozzhukhina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina A Zharskaia
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey A Silonov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia R Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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166
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Móran Plata MJ, Marretta L, Gaztelumendi L, Pieslinger GE, Carballo RR, Rezabal E, Barone G, Martínez-Martínez V, Terenzi A, Salassa L. Alloxazine-Based Ligands and Their Ruthenium Complexes as NADH Oxidation Catalysts and G4 Binders. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16362-16373. [PMID: 39151171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Flavin-like ligands (L-1 and L-2) with extended π-conjugation were synthesized using microwave-assisted techniques. An N,N-chelating fragment was integrated into alloxazine units, providing binding sites for metal ions while retaining redox activity. The complexation capability of L-1 and L-2 with two prototypical Ru-scaffolds was examined to design Ru(II) complexes (M-1 and M-2), whose electronic properties were studied and compared with their corresponding ligands via absorption and emission spectroscopy, computational analysis (density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT)), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ability of L-1 and M-1 to undergo alloxazine/isoalloxazine tautomerization was demonstrated to play a crucial role in the photocatalytic oxidation of NADH, including under green and red wavelengths. Moreover, the interaction of M-1 and M-2 with B-DNA and G-quadruplex structures was investigated. M-2 showed high stabilization of Kit1 and h-Telo oligonucleotides. Meanwhile, M-1 demonstrated switchable emissive properties with B-DNA and induced conformational changes in the h-Telo G-quadruplex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Móran Plata
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - Laura Marretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Lander Gaztelumendi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - German E Pieslinger
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Romina R Carballo
- CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Elixabete Rezabal
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Terenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
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167
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Bernhardt E, Slabon A. Thallium-Fluorides Revisited: Crystal Chemistry of TlHF 2, Tl 2[MF 6]·2TlF, and Tl 2[MF 6]·TlCl (M = Si and Ge). Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16194-16205. [PMID: 39167460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Although the formation of thallium hydrogen fluorides TlHxFx+1 (x = 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 6.5, and 7) from TlF and HF was reported in the 1970s, little is known about the corresponding crystal structures. To shed light on the crystal chemistry of the thallium fluorides, we reinvestigated the structure of α-TlHF2, which was obtained by crystallization of TlF from 50% HF at room temperature. We disclose that β-TlHF2 is isostructural with α-MHF2 (M = K, Rb, and Cs), γ-TlHF2 is isostructural with β-MHF2 (M = K and Rb), whereas α-TlHF2 crystallizes in an unusual structure type. During the reaction of TlHF2 with the glass of the microscope slide, crystals of the previously unknown compound Tl2[SiF6]·2TlF were formed. We disclose that the related Tl2[GeF6]·2TlF can be obtained by the crystallization of stoichiometric amounts of Tl2[GeF6] with TlF from water at room temperature. The crystal structures of α-TlHF2, Tl2[SiF6]·2TlF, Tl2[SiF6]·TlCl, Tl2[GeF6]·2TlF, Tl2[GeF6]·TlCl, and Tl2[GeF6] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structures of α-TlF and Tl2[SiF6]·xTlF (x = 0, 1) were redetermined at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bernhardt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, Wuppertal D-42119, Germany
| | - Adam Slabon
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, Wuppertal D-42119, Germany
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168
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Zarcone SR, Zhang Z, Handunneththige S, Ni Z, Bhuvanesh N, Nippe M, Meyer K, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. A Caged Neutral 17-Valence-Electron Iron(I) Radical [Fe(CO) 2(Cl)(P((CH 2) 10) 3P)] •: Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, Redox, and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16313-16326. [PMID: 39163584 PMCID: PMC11379347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
UV irradiation of yellow CH2Cl2 solutions of trans-Fe(CO)3(P((CH2)10)3P) (2a) and PMe3 (10 equiv) gives, in addition to the previously reported dibridgehead diphosphine P((CH2)10)3P (46%), a green paramagnetic complex that crystallography shows to be the trigonal-bipyramidal iron(I) radical trans-[Fe(CO)2(Cl)(P((CH2)10)3P)]• (1a•; 31% after workup). This is a rare example of an isolable species of the formula [Fe(CO)4-n(L)n(X)]• (n = 0-3, L = two-electron-donor ligand; X = one-electron-donor ligand). Analogous precursors with longer P(CH2)nP segments (n = 12, 14, 16, 18) give only the demetalated diphosphines, and a rationale is proposed. The magnetic susceptibility of 1a•, assayed by Evans' method and SQUID measurements, indicates a spin (S) of 1/2. Cyclic voltammetry shows that 1a• undergoes a partially reversible one-electron oxidation, but no facile reduction. The UV-visible, EPR, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectra are analyzed in detail. Complex 2a is similarly studied, and, despite the extra valence electron, exhibits a comparable oxidation potential (ΔE1/2 ≤ 0.04 V). The crystal structure shows a cage conformation, solvation level, disorder motif, and unit cell parameters essentially identical to those of 1a•. DFT calculations provide much insight regarding the structural, redox, and spectroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Zarcone
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Suhashini Handunneththige
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Zhen Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Michael Nippe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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169
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Gusak MY, Kinzhalov MA, Frontera A, Bokach NA, Kukushkin VY. Metal-Induced Enhancement of Tetrel Bonding. The Case of C⋅⋅⋅X-Ir III (X=Cl, Br) Tetrel Bond Involving a Methyl Group. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400421. [PMID: 38788128 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In X-ray structures of the isomorphic mer-[IrX3(THT)(CNXyl)2] (X=Cl 1, Br 2; THT=tetrahydrothiophene; Xyl=2,6-Me2C6H3-) complexes, we revealed short intermolecular contacts between the C-atom of an isocyanide methyl group and halide ligands of another molecule. Geometrical consideration of the X-ray data and analysis of appropriate DFT studies allowed the attribution of these contacts to CMe⋅⋅⋅X-IrIII (X=Cl, Br) tetrel bond. Specifically, through the application of DFT calculations and various theoretical models, the presence of tetrel bonding interactions was validated, and the contribution of the CMe⋅⋅⋅X-IrIII interaction was assessed. The reinforcement of the tetrel bond upon the isocyanide coordination to iridium(III) is substantiated by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface calculations. To distinguish the tetrel bonding characteristics of CMe⋅⋅⋅X-IrIII (X=Cl, Br) interactions from conventional hydrogen bonding, we employed multiple computational methodologies, including Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis and Electron Localization Function (ELF) analysis. Additionally, Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) was applied to selected model systems to explore the underlying physical nature of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Gusak
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5., 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Nadezhda A Bokach
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, 656049, Barnaul, Russian Federation
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170
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Kumar P, M B, Rasool A, Demeshko S, Bommakanti S, Mukhopadhyay N, Gupta R, Dar MA, Ghosh M. Bioinspired Diiron Complex with Proton Shuttling and Redox-Active Ligand for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16146-16160. [PMID: 38985539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A μ-oxo diiron complex, featuring the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide-based thiazoline-derived redox-active ligand, H2L (H2L = N2,N6-bis(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide), was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. [FeIII-(μ-O)-FeIII] showed electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity in the presence of different organic acids of varying pKa values in dimethylformamide. Through electrochemical analysis, we found that [FeIII-(μ-O)-FeIII] is a precatalyst that undergoes concerted two-electron reduction to generate an active catalyst. Fourier transform infrared spectrum of reduced species and density functional theory (DFT) investigation indicate that the active catalyst contains a bridged hydroxo unit which serves as a local proton source for the Fe(III) hydride intermediate to release H2. We propose that in this active catalyst, the thiazolinium moiety acts as a proton-transferring group. Additionally, under sufficiently strong acidic conditions, bridged oxygen gets protonated before two-electron reduction. In the presence of exogenous acids of varying strengths, it displays electro-assisted catalytic response at a distinct applied potential. Stepwise electron-transfer and protonation reactions on the metal center and the ligand were studied through DFT to understand the thermodynamically favorable pathways. An ECEC or EECC mechanism is proposed depending on the acid strength and applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Delhi NCR, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Bharath M
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Delhi NCR, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Anjumun Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, Göttingen D 37077, Germany
| | - Suresh Bommakanti
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Narottam Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Munmun Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Delhi NCR, Haryana 131029, India
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171
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Fu HR, Zhang RY, Ren DD, Zhang K, Li T, Lu XY, Han ML, Ma LF. Wide-Range Excitation-Dependent Phosphorescence of Coordination Polymers Exhibiting Dynamic Anticounterfeiting, White-Light Emission, and Antibacterial Performance. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16284-16292. [PMID: 39152397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Multicolor-tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is attracting wide attention in optoelectronic applications. Here, we propose a coordination-oriented assembly approach to achieve wide-range RTP with a benzimidazole derivative (2,7-diazabenzimidazole, DZBIM) as a luminogen. These two compounds exhibit unexpected excitation-responsive RTP emission, and the phosphorescence emission nearly covers the entire visible region with the change of the excitation wavelength from 360 to 620 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coordination polymers with such a full-color-tunable RTP. Compound 1 also shows white-light emission upon excitation at 280 nm. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that multiple intermolecular interactions and emission centers from different aggregates are responsible for the generation of multicolor emission. The white-light emission and multiple anticounterfeiting are explored. Besides, compound 1 exhibits high antibacterial activity benefiting from efficient 1O2 generation. This work provides an efficient way to prepare a color-tunable RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ru Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Min-Le Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
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172
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Ishigaki Y, Mizuno SI, Harimoto T, Shimajiri T, Suzuki T. Structural-Change-Induced Two-Stage Redox Behavior of Pentacenebisquinodimethane with Tricolor Chromism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400316. [PMID: 38818666 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Tricolor electrochromism was realized through the interconversion among the neutral (yellow), dicationic (green), and tetracationic (blue) states, even though only one kind of chromophore is generated upon oxidation. Both dicationic and tetracationic states were isolated as stable salts, and their different colors come from the effective inter-chromophore interaction only in the tetracationic state but not in the dicationic state. Despite the negligible Coulombic repulsion in the tetracationic state with four cyanine-type chromophores, pentacenebisquinodimethane undergoes stepwise two-stage two-electron oxidation when radical-stabilizing 5-(4-octyloxyphenyl)-2-thienyl groups are attached on the exomethylene bonds. A contribution from the biradical form only in the neutral state but not in the dicationic state is the reason for the observed negative cooperativity during the electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Shin-Ichi Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, JAPAN
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
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173
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Tuksar M, Topić E, Rubčić M, Meštrović E. Exploring Salts of Memantine with Inorganic Anions: From Polymorphism and Solid-State Transitions to Potential for Drug Formulations. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4700-4707. [PMID: 39108016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This study examines pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic salts of memantine, specifically focusing on hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, and dihydrogen phosphate salts, with the aim of finding alternatives to the commonly used chloride salt in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Through comprehensive solid-state characterization, including powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and solubility testing, we unveil complex polymorphic behaviors, reversible solid-state transitions, and significant differences in solubility and stability among the salts. Notably, the hydrogen sulfate salt emerges as a promising candidate for drug formulations, offering improved solubility, nonhygroscopic nature, and favorable morphological characteristics compared to the existing chloride salt. This work establishes a foundation for further investigation into memantine salts as potential therapeutics with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Tuksar
- Teva's Global R&D, Small Molecules CoE, Chemical R&D, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Edi Topić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mirta Rubčić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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174
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Kumar K, Singh KR, Rathour RS, Singh J, Bhattacharya S, Pandey SS. Fabrication of Nanobioengineered Interfaces Utilizing Quaternary Nanocomposite for Highly Efficient and Selective Electrochemical Biosensing of Urea. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39222152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanobioengineered interfaces have gained attention owing to their small size and high surface area-to-volume ratio for utilization as a platform for highly selective and sensitive biosensing applications owing to the integration of biological molecules with engineered nanomaterials/nanocomposites. In this work, a novel Ag-complex, [(PPh3)2Ag(SCOf)]-based quaternary Ag-S-Zn-O nanocomposites (NCs), was synthesized through an environmentally-friendly process. The results revealed the formation of the NCs with an average crystallite size and particle size of 36.08 and 40.22 nm, respectively. In addition, this is the first study to utilize such NCs synthesized via a single-source precursor method, offering enhanced sensor performance due to their unique structural properties. Further, these NCs were used to fabricate a urease (Ur)/Ag-S-Zn-O NCs/ITO nanobioengineered electrode for precise and sensitive electrochemical biosensing of urea. The interfacial kinetic studies revealed quasi-reversible processes with high electron transfer rates and linear current responses, indicating efficient reaction dynamics. A high diffusion coefficient and low surface concentration suggested a fast diffusion-controlled process, affirming the electrode's potential for rapid and sensitive urea detection. The biosensor demonstrated notable sensing properties such as high sensitivity (12.56 μA mM-1 cm-2) and a low detection limit (0.54 mM). The fabricated bioelectrode was highly selective and reproducible and demonstrated stability for up to 60 days. These results validate the potential of this nanobioengineered interface for next-generation biosensing applications, paving the way for advanced point-of-care diagnostics and real-time health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan
| | - Ritu S Rathour
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Subrato Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan
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175
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Bikzhanova GA, Guzei IA. Coordination variety of phenyltetrazolato and dimethylamido ligands in dimeric Ti, Zr, and Ta complexes. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:576-583. [PMID: 39177771 PMCID: PMC11371001 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Three structurally diverse 5-phenyltetrazolato (Tz) Ti, Zr, and Ta complexes, namely, (C2H8N)[Ti2(C7H5N4)5(C2H6N)4]·1.45C6H6 or (Me2NH2)[Ti2(NMe2)4(2,3-μ-Tz)3(2-η1-Tz)2]·1.45C6H6, (1·1.45C6H6), [Zr2(C7H5N4)6(C2H6N)2(C2H7N)2]·1.12C6H6·0.382CH2Cl2 or [Zr2(Me2NH)2(NMe2)2(2,3-μ-Tz)3(2-η1-Tz)2(1,2-η2-Tz)]·1.12C6H6·0.38CH2Cl2 (2·1.12C6H6·0.38CH2Cl2), and (C2H8N)2[Ta2(C7H5N4)8(C2H6N)2O]·0.25C7H8 or (Me2NH2)2[Ta2(NMe2)2(2,3-μ-Tz)2(2-η1-Tz)6O]·0.25C7H8 (3·0.25C7H8), where TzH is 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole, have been synthesized and structurally characterized. All three complexes are dinuclear; the Ti center in 1 is six-coordinate, whereas the Zr and Ta atoms in 2 and 3 are seven-coordinate. The coordination environments of the Ti centers in 1 are similar, and so are the ligations of the Ta centers in 3. In contrast, the two Zr centers in 2 bear a different number of ligands, one of which is a bidentate η2-5-phenyltetrazolato ligand that has not been observed previously for d-block elements. The dimethylamido ligand, present in the starting materials, remained unchanged, or was converted to dimethylamine and dimethylammonium during the synthesis. Dimethylamine coordinates as a neutral ligand, whereas dimethylammonium is retained as a hydrogen-bonded entity bridging Tz ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A. Bikzhanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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176
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Chang J, Defeo JN, Wei Z, Dikarev EV. Two polymorph modifications of tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(III) revealed: is that common for other trivalent metals? Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:567-575. [PMID: 39158992 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A long-standing issue about the correct identification of an important starting reagent, iron(III) hexafluoroacetylacetonate, Fe(hfac)3 (1), has been resolved. The tris-chelated mononuclear complex was found to crystallize in two polymorph modifications which can be assigned as the low-temperature (1-L) monoclinic P21/n and the high-temperature (1-H) trigonal P-3. Low-temperature polymorph 1-L was found to transform to 1-H upon sublimation at 44 °C. Two modifications are clearly distinguished by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melting-point measurements. On the other hand, the two forms share similar characteristics in direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS), attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy, and some physical properties, such as color, volatility, sensitivity, and solubility. Analysis of the literature and some of our preliminary data strongly suggest that the appearance of two polymorph modifications for trivalent metal (both transition and main group) hexafluoroacetylacetonates is a common case for several largely used complexes not yet accounted for in the crystallographic databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - Julianna N Defeo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - Evgeny V Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA
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177
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Dyakonenko VV, Khomenko DM, Doroshchuk RO, Ivanova GV, Lampeka RD. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of di-chlorido-[2-(3-cyclo-pentyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl-κ N 4)pyridine-κ N]palladium(II) di-methyl-formamide monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:956-960. [PMID: 39267875 PMCID: PMC11389673 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024007801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title mononuclear complex, [PdCl2(C12H14N4)]·C3H7NO. The compound crystalizes in the P21/c space group of the monoclinic system. The asymmetric unit contains one neutral complex Pd(HL c-Pe)Cl2 [HL c-Pe is 2-(3-cyclo-pentyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine] and one mol-ecule of DMF as a solvate. The Pd atom has a square-planar coordination. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. A Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the H⋯H contacts dominate the crystal packing with a contribution of 41.4%. The contribution of the N⋯H/H⋯N and H⋯O/O⋯H inter-actions is somewhat smaller, amounting to 12.4% and 5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya V Dyakonenko
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauki Ave 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
- V I Vernadskii Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of National, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Palladina 32/34 03680 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Khomenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 12, Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi st.,01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill str. 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman O Doroshchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 12, Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi st.,01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill str. 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ganna V Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 12, Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi st.,01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav D Lampeka
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 12, Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi st.,01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
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178
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Vynohradov OS, Vashchenko OV, Khomenko DM, Doroshchuk RO, Raspertova IV, Lampeka RD, Stoica AC. Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a new copper(II) complex based on diethyl 2,2'-(4 H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-di-yl)di-acetate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:976-980. [PMID: 39267870 PMCID: PMC11389672 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024008259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The title compound, bis-[μ-2,2'-(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-di-yl)di-acetato]-bis-[di-aqua-copper(II)] dihydrate, [Cu2(C6H5N3O4)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, is a dinuclear octa-hedral CuII triazole-based complex. The central copper atoms are hexa-coordinated by two nitro-gen atoms in the equatorial positions, two equatorial oxygen atoms of two carboxyl-ate substituents in position 3 and 5 of the 1,2,4-triazole ring, and two axial oxygen atoms of two water mol-ecules. Two additional solvent water mol-ecules are linked to the title mol-ecule by O-H⋯N and O⋯H-O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is built up from the parallel packing of discrete supra-molecular chains running along the a-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis suggests that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H⋯O/O⋯H (53.5%), H⋯H (28.1%), O⋯O (6.3%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (6.2%) inter-actions. The crystal studied was twinned by a twofold rotation around [100].
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Vynohradov
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V Vashchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Khomenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman O Doroshchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ilona V Raspertova
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav D Lampeka
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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179
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Jakopec S, Hamzic LF, Bočkor L, Car I, Perić B, Kirin SI, Sedić M, Raić-Malić S. Coumarin-modified ruthenium complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400271. [PMID: 38864840 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Among ruthenium complexes studied as anticancer metallodrugs, NKP-1339, NAMI-A, RM175, and RAPTA-C have already entered clinical trials due to their potent antitumor activity demonstrated in preclinical studies and reduced toxicity in comparison with platinum drugs. Considering the advantages of ruthenium-based anticancer drugs and the cytostatic activity of organometallic complexes with triazole- and coumarin-derived ligands, we set out to synthesize Ru(II) complexes of coumarin-1,2,3,-triazole hybrids (L) with the general formula [Ru(L)(p-cymene)(Cl)]ClO4. The molecular structure of the complex [Ru(2a)(p-cymene)(Cl)]ClO4 (2aRu) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the coordination of the ligand to the central ruthenium(II) cation by bidentate mode of coordination. Coordination with Ru(II) resulted in the enhancement of cytostatic activity in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Coumarin derivative 2a positively regulated the expression and activity of c-Myc and NPM1 in RKO colon carcinoma cells, while the Ru(II) half-sandwich complex 2cRu induced downregulation of AKT and ERK signaling in PANC-1 cells concomitant with reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Altogether, our findings indicated that coumarin-modified half-sandwich Ru(II) complexes held potential as anticancer agents against gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Jakopec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lejla F Hamzic
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Bočkor
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iris Car
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Berislav Perić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srećko I Kirin
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Sedić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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180
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Jaconelli HS, Kennedy AR. Salt forms of amides: protonation of acetanilide. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:514-522. [PMID: 39115537 PMCID: PMC11371003 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating the amide acetanilide (N-phenylacetamide, C8H9NO) with aqueous strong acids allowed the structures of five hemi-protonated salt forms of acetanilide to be elucidated. N-(1-Hydroxyethylidene)anilinium chloride-N-phenylacetamide (1/1), [(C8H9NO)2H][Cl], and the bromide, [(C8H9NO)2H][Br], triiodide, [(C8H9NO)2H][I3], tetrafluoroborate, [(C8H9NO)2H][BF4], and diiodobromide hemi(diiodine), [(C8H9NO)2H][I2Br]·0.5I2, analogues all feature centrosymmetric dimeric units linked by O-H...O hydrogen bonds that extend into one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chains through N-H...X interactions, where X is the halide atom of the anion. Protonation occurs at the amide O atom and results in systematic lengthening of the C=O bond and a corresponding shortening of the C-N bond. The size of these geometric changes is similar to those found for hemi-protonated paracetamol structures, but less than those in fully protonated paracetamol structures. The bond angles of the amide fragments are also found to change on protonation, but these angular changes are also influenced by conformation, namely, whether the amide group is coplanar with the phenyl ring or twisted out of plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry S. Jaconelli
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
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181
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Pham TN, Shirley H, Merkelbach J, Gurung K, Palatinus L, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. Dicarbonyl[10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)biladiene]ruthenium(II): discovery of the first ruthenium tetrapyrrole cis-dicarbonyl complex by X-ray and electron diffraction. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:450-457. [PMID: 39120499 PMCID: PMC11371002 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dicarbonyl[10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)biladiene]ruthenium(II), [Ru(C33H16F10N4)(CO)2] or Ru(CO)2[DMBil1], is the first reported ruthenium(II) cis-dicarbonyl tetrapyrrole complex. The neutral complex sports two carbonyls and an oligotetrapyrrolic biladiene ligand. Notably, the biladiene adopts a coordination geometry that is well distorted from square planar and much more closely approximates a seesaw arrangement. Accordingly, Ru(CO)2[DMBil1] is not only the first ruthenium cis-dicarbonyl with a tetrapyrrole ligand, but also the first metal biladiene complex in which the tetrapyrrole does not adopt a (pseudo-)square-planar coordination geometry. Ru(CO)2[DMBil1] is weakly luminescent, displaying λem = 552 nm upon excitation at λex = 500 nm, supports two reversible 1 e- reductions at -1.45 and -1.73 V (versus Fc+/Fc), and has significant absorption features at 481 and 531 nm, suggesting suitability for photocatalytic and photosensitization applications. While the structure of Ru(CO)2[DMBil1] was initially determined by X-ray diffraction, a traditionally acceptable quality structure could not be obtained (despite multiple attempts) because of consistently poor crystal quality. An independent structure obtained from electron diffraction experiments corroborates the structure of this unusual biladiene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
| | - Hunter Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
| | | | - Kshitij Gurung
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, Prague 8 182 21, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Palatinus
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, Prague 8 182 21, Czechia
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
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Li K, Yan C, Wang J, Zhu K, Guo J, Zhang Y, Shi G, Yin Y, Cheng L, Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Yuan J, Ma W, Ji G, Chai Z, Wang Y, Ouyang X, Wang S. Micronuclear battery based on a coalescent energy transducer. Nature 2024; 633:811-815. [PMID: 39294377 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Micronuclear batteries harness energy from the radioactive decay of radioisotopes to generate electricity on a small scale, typically in the nanowatt or microwatt range1,2. Contrary to chemical batteries, the longevity of a micronuclear battery is tied to the half-life of the used radioisotope, enabling operational lifetimes that can span several decades3. Furthermore, the radioactive decay remains unaffected by environmental factors such as temperature, pressure and magnetic fields, making the micronuclear battery an enduring and reliable power source in scenarios in which conventional batteries prove impractical or challenging to replace4. Common radioisotopes of americium (241Am and 243Am) are α-decay emitters with half-lives longer than hundreds of years. Severe self-adsorption in traditional architectures of micronuclear batteries impedes high-efficiency α-decay energy conversion, making the development of α-radioisotope micronuclear batteries challenging5,6. Here we propose a micronuclear battery architecture that includes a coalescent energy transducer by incorporating 243Am into a luminescent lanthanide coordination polymer. This couples radioisotopes with energy transducers at the molecular level, resulting in an 8,000-fold enhancement in energy conversion efficiency from α decay energy to sustained autoluminescence compared with that of conventional architectures. When implemented in conjunction with a photovoltaic cell that translates autoluminescence into electricity, a new type of radiophotovoltaic micronuclear battery with a total power conversion efficiency of 0.889% and a power per activity of 139 microwatts per curie (μW Ci-1) is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Congchong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guozheng Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoxun Ji
- Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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183
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Wackerle BG, Werner EJ, Staples RJ, Biros SM. Crystal structure of a tris(2-amino-eth-yl)methane capped carbamoyl-methyl-phosphine oxide compound. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:993-996. [PMID: 39267878 PMCID: PMC11389668 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024008478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The mol-ecular structure of the tripodal carbamoyl-methyl-phosphine oxide compound diethyl {[(5-[2-(di-eth-oxy-phosphor-yl)acetamido]-3-{2-[2-(di-eth-oxy-phos-phor-yl)acetamido]-eth-yl}pent-yl)carbamo-yl]meth-yl}phospho-nate, C25H52N3O12P3, features six intra-molecular hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. The phospho-nate groups have key bond lengths ranging from 1.4696 (12) to 1.4729 (12) Å (P=O), 1.5681 (11) to 1.5811 (12) Å (P-O) and 1.7881 (16) to 1.7936 (16) Å (P-C). Each amide group adopts a nearly perfect trans geometry, and the geometry around each phophorus atom resembles a slightly distorted tetra-hedron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Wackerle
- Department of Chemistry Grand Valley State University,Allendale MI 49401 USA
| | - Eric J Werner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Tampa, 401 W Kennedy Blvd Tampa FL 33606 USA
| | - Richard J Staples
- Center for Crystallographic Research, Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shannon M Biros
- Department of Chemistry Grand Valley State University,Allendale MI 49401 USA
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184
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Dival B, Pitinato L, Develly L, Oliveira WXC. Crystal structures of two unexpected products of vicinal diamines left to crystallize in acetone. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:497-504. [PMID: 39177770 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the crystal structures of two benzodiazepines obtained by reacting N,N'-(4,5-diamino-1,2-phenylene)bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonamide) (1) or 4,5-(4-methylbenzenesulfonamido)benzene-1,2-diaminium dichloride (1·2HCl) with acetone, giving 2,2,4-trimethyl-8,9-bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonamido)-2,3-dihydro-5H-1,5-benzodiazepine, C26H30N4O4S2 (2), and 2,2,4-trimethyl-8,9-bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonamido)-2,3-dihydro-5H-1,5-benzodiazepin-1-ium chloride 0.3-hydrate, C26H31N4O4S2+·Cl-·0.3H2O (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were first obtained in attempts to recrystallize 1 and 1·2HCl using acetone as solvent. This solvent reacted with the vicinal diamines present in the molecular structures, forming a 5H-1,5-benzodiazepine ring. In the crystal structure of 2, the seven-membered ring of benzodiazepine adopts a boat-like conformation, while upon protonation, observed in the crystal structure of 3, it adopts an envelope-like conformation. In both crystalline compounds, the tosylamide N atoms are not in resonance with the arene ring, mainly due to hydrogen bonds and steric hindrance caused by the large vicinal groups in the aromatic ring. At a supramolecular level, the crystal structure is maintained by a combination of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. In 2, amine-to-tosyl N-H...O and amide-to-imine N-H...N hydrogen bonds can be observed. In contrast, in 3, the chloride counter-ion and water molecule result in most of the hydrogen bonds being of the amide-to-chloride and ammonium-to-chloride N-H...Cl types, while the amine interacts with the tosyl group, as seen in 2. In conclusion, we report the synthesis of 1, 1·2HCl and 2, as well as their chemical characterization. For 2, two synthetic methods are described, i.e. solvent-mediated crystallization and synthesis via a more efficient and cleaner route as a polycrystalline material. Salt 3 was only obtained as presented, with only a few crystals being formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dival
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pitinato
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia Develly
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Willian X C Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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185
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Sanders KM, Bruffy SK, Buller AR, Petříček V, Guzei IA. Occupational modulation in the (3+1)-dimensional incommensurate structure of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenoxybutanoic acid dihydrate. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:523-533. [PMID: 39115533 PMCID: PMC11371000 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The incommensurately modulated structure of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenoxybutanoic acid dihydrate (C11H15NO4·2H2O or I·2H2O) is described in the (3+1)-dimensional superspace group P212121(0β0)000 (β = 0.357). The loss of the three-dimensional periodicity is ascribed to the occupational modulation of one positionally disordered solvent water molecule, where the two positions are related by a small translation [ca 0.666 (9) Å] and ∼168 (5)° rotation about one of its O-H bonds, with an average 0.624 (3):0.376 (3) occupancy ratio. The occupational modulation of this molecule arises due to the competition between the different hydrogen-bonding motifs associated with each position. The structure can be very well refined in the average approximation (all satellite reflections disregarded) in the space group P212121, with the water molecule refined as disordered over two positions in a 0.625 (16):0.375 (16) ratio. The refinement in the commensurate threefold supercell approximation in the space group P1121 is also of high quality, with the six corresponding water molecules exhibiting three different occupancy ratios averaging 0.635:0.365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyana M. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samantha K. Bruffy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Václav Petříček
- Department of Structure Analysis, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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186
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Domasevitch KV, Senchyk GA, Ponomarova VV, Lysenko AB, Krautscheid H. Three-dimensional alkaline earth metal-organic framework poly[[μ-aqua-aqua-bis-(μ 3-carba-moyl-cyano-nitro-somethanido)barium] monohydrate] and its thermal decomposition. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:986-992. [PMID: 39267863 PMCID: PMC11389675 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024008375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
In the structure of the title salt, {[Ba(μ3-C3H2N3O2)2(μ-H2O)(H2O)]·H2O} n , the barium ion and all three oxygen atoms of the water mol-ecules reside on a mirror plane. The hydrogen atoms of the bridging water and the solvate water mol-ecules are arranged across a mirror plane whereas all atoms of the monodentate aqua ligand are situated on this mirror plane. The distorted ninefold coord-ination of the Ba ions is completed with four nitroso-, two carbonyl- and three aqua-O atoms at the distances of 2.763 (3)-2.961 (4) Å and it is best described as tricapped trigonal prism. The three-dimensional framework structure is formed by face-sharing of the trigonal prisms, via μ-nitroso- and μ-aqua-O atoms, and also by the bridging coordination of the anions via carbonyl-O atoms occupying two out of the three cap positions. The solvate water mol-ecules populate the crystal channels and facilitate a set of four directional hydrogen bonds. The principal Ba-carbamoyl-cyano-nitro-somethanido linkage reveals a rare example of the inherently polar binodal six- and three-coordinated bipartite topology (three-letter notation sit). It suggests that small resonance-stabilized cyano-nitroso anions can be utilized as bridging ligands for the supra-molecular synthesis of MOF solids. Such an outcome may be anti-cipated for a broader range of hard Lewis acidic alkaline earth metal ions, which perfectly match the coordination preferences of highly nucleophilic nitroso-O atoms. Thermal analysis reveals two-stage dehydration of the title compound (383 and 473 K) followed by decomposition with release of CO2, HCN and H2O at 558 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn V Domasevitch
- Inorganic Chemistry Department National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Str 64/13 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Ganna A Senchyk
- Inorganic Chemistry Department National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Str 64/13 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Vira V Ponomarova
- Inorganic Chemistry Department National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Str 64/13 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Andrey B Lysenko
- Inorganic Chemistry Department National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Str 64/13 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Harald Krautscheid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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187
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Tonoyan GS, Giester G, Ghazaryan VV, Chilingaryan RY, Margaryan AA, Mkrtchyan AH, Petrosyan AM. Crystal structure of hexa-glycinium dodeca-iodo-triplumbate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:916-920. [PMID: 39267865 PMCID: PMC11389678 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024007606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The crystal structure of hexa-glycinium tetra-μ-iodido-octa-iodido-triplumbate, (C2H6NO2)6[Pb3I12] or (GlyH)6[Pb3I12], is reported. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P. The [Pb3I12]6- anion is discrete and located around a special position: the central Pb ion located on the inversion center is holodirected, while the other two are hemidirected. The supra-molecular nature is mainly based on C-H⋯I, N-H⋯I, O-H⋯I and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Dimeric cations of type (A +⋯A +) for the amino acid glycine are observed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane S Tonoyan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gerald Giester
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vahram V Ghazaryan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ruben Yu Chilingaryan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arthur A Margaryan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Artak H Mkrtchyan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Aram M Petrosyan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
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188
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Chen J, Li Y, Xu H, Lian M, Wang H, Zhu D. Structurally diverse diterpenoids and phenanthrene derivatives from the roots of Baliospermumsolanifolium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 225:114194. [PMID: 38897264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ten undescribed diterpenoids (1-10) and three undescribed phenanthrene derivatives (11-13), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Baliospermum solanifolium. Their structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic data analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds 1-7 (baliosperoids A-G) represent the examples of 20-nor-ent-podocarpane class first discovered in nature. In particular, compound 7 possesses a unique 2,3-seco ring system incorporating γ-butanolide moiety. All isolates were assessed for their cytotoxic activities against HT-29, HCT-116, HCT-15, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines as well as their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Compound 1, a 20-nor-ent-podocarpane-type diterpenoid possessing a Δ1,2 double bond, not only exhibited considerable proliferation inhibition against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 4.13 to 23.45 μM, but also displayed the most potent inhibitory activity on NO production with IC50 value at the nanomolar level (0.63 ± 0.21 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Haoqiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mingjing Lian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Dongrong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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189
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Chen JCH, Gilski M, Chang C, Borek D, Rosenbaum G, Lavens A, Otwinowski Z, Kubicki M, Dauter Z, Jaskolski M, Joachimiak A. Solvent organization in the ultrahigh-resolution crystal structure of crambin at room temperature. IUCRJ 2024; 11:649-663. [PMID: 39190507 PMCID: PMC11364037 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524007784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-resolution structures provide unprecedented details about protein dynamics, hydrogen bonding and solvent networks. The reported 0.70 Å, room-temperature crystal structure of crambin is the highest-resolution ambient-temperature structure of a protein achieved to date. Sufficient data were collected to enable unrestrained refinement of the protein and associated solvent networks using SHELXL. Dynamic solvent networks resulting from alternative side-chain conformations and shifts in water positions are revealed, demonstrating that polypeptide flexibility and formation of clathrate-type structures at hydrophobic surfaces are the key features endowing crambin crystals with extraordinary diffraction power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C.-H. Chen
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545, USA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Miroslaw Gilski
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Changsoo Chang
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Dominika Borek
- Department of Biophysics and Department of BiochemistryThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Gerd Rosenbaum
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Alex Lavens
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Zbyszek Otwinowski
- Department of Biophysics and Department of BiochemistryThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Macromolecular Crystallography LaboratoryNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMD21702USA
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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190
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Dailey M, Jackson EW, Ramadhar TR. Crystal structures, phase transition, and Hirshfeld surface analyses of the bromide and chloride congeners of aqua[2,4,6-tris(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine]zinc(II) halide. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:545-552. [PMID: 39133102 DOI: 10.1107/s205322962400737x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During the course of exploring crystallization conditions in generating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for use in the crystalline sponge method, two discrete metal-organic complexes, namely, aqua[2,4,6-tris(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine]zinc(II) bromide, [Zn(C18H12N6)(H2O)]Br2, and aqua[2,4,6-tris(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine]zinc(II) chloride, [Zn(C18H12N6)(H2O)]Cl2, were encountered. Structures in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) for the bromide congener at 299 K and the chloride congener at 100 K were obtained. A phase transition for the bromide congener occurred upon cooling from 299 to 100 K, yielding a crystal polymorph with four domains that exhibits monoclinic P21/m space-group symmetry (No. 11), which arises from conformational changes. The main intramolecular contacts that contribute to the crystal packing in all observed structures are H...H, Halide...H/H...Halide, C...H/H...C, and N...H/H...N. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the Zn-bound water and non-Zn-bound pyridyl N atoms is a prominent feature within the three-dimensional networks. Aromatic π-stacking between the non-Zn-bound pyridine rings and contacts involving the halide ligands further stabilize the crystal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan Dailey
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Eric W Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Timothy R Ramadhar
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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191
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Abad N, Mague JT, Kalonji Mubengayi C, Alsubari A, Essassi EM, Ramli Y. Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-[(1-octyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-phenyl-1,2-di-hydro-quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:936-941. [PMID: 39267873 PMCID: PMC11389679 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
In the title mol-ecule, C25H29N5O, the di-hydro-quinoxaline unit is not quite planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.030 Å) as there is a dihedral angle of 2.69 (3)° between the mean planes of the constituent rings and the mol-ecule adopts a hairpin conformation. In the crystal, the polar portions of the mol-ecules are associated through C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π(ring) and C=O⋯π(ring) inter-actions, forming thick layers parallel to the bc plane and with the n-octyl groups on the outside surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Abad
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Drug Sciences Research Center Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University in Rabat Morocco
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Camille Kalonji Mubengayi
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Institut Superieur des Techniques Medicales de Kinshasa, Republique Democratique du , Congo
| | - Abdulsalam Alsubari
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, 21 September University, Yemen
| | - El Mokhtar Essassi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Ramli
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Drug Sciences Research Center Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University in Rabat Morocco
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192
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Asano A, Nakayama K, Okada S, Kato T, Doi M. Puckering effects of 4-hy-droxy-l-proline isomers on the conformation of ornithine-free Gramicidin S. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:942-946. [PMID: 39267874 PMCID: PMC11389682 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024007771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The cyclic peptide cyclo(Val-Leu-Leu-d-Phe-Pro)2 (peptide 1) was specifically designed for structural chemistry investigations, drawing inspiration from Gramicidin S (GS). Previous studies have shown that Pro residues within 1 adopt a down-puckering conformation of the pyrrolidine ring. By incorporating fluoride-Pro with 4-trans/cis-isomers into 1, an up-puckering conformation was successfully induced. In the current investigation, introducing hy-droxy-prolines with 4-trans/cis-isomer configurations (tHyp/cHyp) into 1 gave cyclo(Val-Leu-Leu-d-Phe-tHyp)2 methanol disolvate monohydrate, C62H94N10O12·2CH4O·H2O (4), and cyclo(Val-Leu-Leu-d-Phe-cHyp)2 monohydrate, C62H94N10O12·H2O (5), respectively. However, the puckering of 4 and 5 remained in the down conformation, regardless of the geometric position of the hydroxyl group. Although the backbone structure of 4 with trans-substitution was asymmetric, the asymmetric backbone of 5 with cis-substitution was unexpected. It is speculated that the anti-cipated influence of stress from the geometric positioning, which was expected to affect the puckering, may have been mitigated by inter-actions between the hydroxyl groups of hy-droxy-proline, the solvent mol-ecules, and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Asano
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 590-1094, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakayama
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 590-1094, Japan
| | - Sakura Okada
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 590-1094, Japan
| | - Takuma Kato
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 590-1094, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Doi
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 590-1094, Japan
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193
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Röwekamp-Krugley N, Reuter H. [SnF(bipy)(H 2O)] 2[SnF 6], a mixed-valent inorganic tin(II)-tin(IV) compound. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:921-925. [PMID: 39267869 PMCID: PMC11389671 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024007400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
In the title compound, bis-[aqua-(2,2'-bi-pyridine)-fluorido-tin(II)] hexa-fluorido-tin(IV), [SnF(C10H8N2)(H2O)]2[SnF6], an ionic mixed-valent tin(II)-tin(IV) compound, the bivalent tin atom is the center atom of the cation and the tetra-valent tin atom is the center atom of the anion. With respect to the first coordination sphere, the cation is monomeric, with the tin(II) atom having a fourfold seesaw coordination with a fluorine atom in an equatorial position, a water mol-ecule in an axial position and the two nitro-gen atoms of the chelating 2,2'-bi-pyridine ligand in the remaining axial and equatorial positions. The bond lengths and angles of this hypervalent first coordination sphere are described by 2c-2e and 3c-4e bonds, respectively, all of which are based on the orthogonal 5p orbitals of the tin atom. In the second coordination sphere, which is based on an additional, very long tin-fluorine bond that leads to dimerization of the cation, the tin atom is trapezoidal-pyramidally coordinated. The tetra-valent tin atom of the centrosymmetric anion has an octa-hedral coordination. The differences in its tin-fluorine bond lengths are attributed to hydrogen bonding, as the two of the four fluorine atoms are each involved in two hydrogen bonds, linking anions and cations together to form strands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Reuter
- Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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194
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Pacoste L, Ignat’ev VM, Dominiak PM, Zou X. On the structure refinement of metal complexes against 3D electron diffraction data using multipolar scattering factors. IUCRJ 2024; 11:878-890. [PMID: 39146197 PMCID: PMC11364031 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524006730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
This study examines various methods for modelling the electron density and, thus, the electrostatic potential of an organometallic complex for use in crystal structure refinement against 3D electron diffraction (ED) data. It focuses on modelling the scattering factors of iron(III), considering the electron density distribution specific for coordination with organic linkers. We refined the structural model of the metal-organic complex, iron(III) acetylacetonate (FeAcAc), using both the independent atom model (IAM) and the transferable aspherical atom model (TAAM). TAAM refinement initially employed multipolar parameters from the MATTS databank for acetylacetonate, while iron was modelled with a spherical and neutral approach (TAAM ligand). Later, custom-made TAAM scattering factors for Fe-O coordination were derived from DFT calculations [TAAM-ligand-Fe(III)]. Our findings show that, in this compound, the TAAM scattering factor corresponding to Fe3+ has a lower scattering amplitude than the Fe3+ charged scattering factor described by IAM. When using scattering factors corresponding to the oxidation state of iron, IAM inaccurately represents electrostatic potential maps and overestimates the scattering potential of the iron. In addition, TAAM significantly improved the fitting of the model to the data, shown by improved R1 values, goodness-of-fit (GooF) and reduced noise in the Fourier difference map (based on the residual distribution analysis). For 3D ED, R1 values improved from 19.36% (IAM) to 17.44% (TAAM-ligand) and 17.49% (TAAM-ligand-Fe3+), and for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) from 3.82 to 2.03% and 1.98%, respectively. For 3D ED, the most significant R1 reductions occurred in the low-resolution region (8.65-2.00 Å), dropping from 20.19% (IAM) to 14.67% and 14.89% for TAAM-ligand and TAAM-ligand-Fe(III), respectively, with less improvement in high-resolution ranges (2.00-0.85 Å). This indicates that the major enhancements are due to better scattering modelling in low-resolution zones. Furthermore, when using TAAM instead of IAM, there was a noticeable improvement in the shape of the thermal ellipsoids, which more closely resembled those of an SCXRD-refined model. This study demonstrates the applicability of more sophisticated scattering factors to improve the refinement of metal-organic complexes against 3D ED data, suggesting the need for more accurate modelling methods and highlighting the potential of TAAM in examining the charge distribution of large molecular structures using 3D ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pacoste
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | - Paulina Maria Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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195
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Blake AJ. The challenges of growing great crystals - or at least good enough ones! Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:448-449. [PMID: 39190291 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624008416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The article of Sommer [Acta Cryst. (2024), C80, 337-342] provides a concise and effective introduction to the subject of growing crystals suitable for structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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196
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Van Der Sluys WG. Concerning the structures of Lewis base adducts of titanium(IV) hexafluoroisopropoxide. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:562-566. [PMID: 39136285 PMCID: PMC11370998 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624006843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction of titanium(IV) chloride with sodium hexafluoroisopropoxide, carried out in hexafluoroisopropanol, produces titanium(IV) hexafluoroisopropoxide, which is a liquid at room temperature. Recrystallization from coordinating solvents, such as acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran, results in the formation of bis-solvate complexes. These compounds are of interest as possible Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalysts. The acetonitrile complex had been structurally characterized previously and adopts a distorted octahedral structure in which the nitrile ligands adopt a cis configuration, with nitrogen lone pairs coordinated to the metal. The low-melting tetrahydrofuran complex has not provided crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray analysis. However, the structure of chloridotris(hexafluoroisopropoxido-κO)bis(tetrahydrofuran-κO)titanium(IV), [Ti(C3HF6O)3Cl(C4H8O)2], has been obtained and adopts a distorted octahedral coordination geometry, with a facial arrangement of the alkoxide ligands and adjacent tetrahydrofuran ligands, coordinated by way of metal-oxygen polar coordinate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Van Der Sluys
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth College at Altoona Altoona Pennsylvania 16601 USA
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197
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Schlachta TP, Sauer MJ, Richter LF, Kühn FE. Formation of a diiron-(μ-η 1:η 1-CN) complex from acetonitrile solution. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:534-537. [PMID: 39115534 PMCID: PMC11370999 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of C-C bonds by transition-metal complexes is of continuing interest and acetonitrile (MeCN) has attracted attention as a cyanide source with comparatively low toxicity for organic cyanation reactions. A diiron end-on μ-η1:η1-CN-bridged complex was obtained from a crystallization experiment of an open-chain iron-NHC complex, namely, μ-cyanido-κ2C:N-bis{[(acetonitrile-κN)[3,3'-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,1'-(methylidene)bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene)]iron(II)} tris(hexafluorophosphate), [Fe2(CN)(C2H3N)2(C25H18N6)2](PF6)3. The cyanide appears to originate from the MeCN solvent by C-C bond cleavage or through carbon-hydrogen oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P. Schlachta
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael J. Sauer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Leon F. Richter
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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198
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Stapf M, Miyyapuram VR, Seichter W, Mazik M. Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,3-bis-(acet-oxymeth-yl)-5-{[(4,6-di-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)amino]-methyl}-2,4,6-tri-ethyl-benzene. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:947-950. [PMID: 39267867 PMCID: PMC11389680 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024007515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
In the crystal structure of the title compound, C26H36N2O4, the tripodal mol-ecule exists in a conformation in which the substituents attached to the central arene ring are arranged in an alternating order above and below the ring plane. The heterocyclic unit is inclined at an angle of 79.6 (1)° with respect to the plane of the benzene ring. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected via N-H⋯O bonds, forming infinite supra-molecular strands. Inter-strand association involves weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, with the pyridine ring acting as an acceptor in the latter case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Stapf
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09596 Freiberg/Sachsen, Germany
| | - Venugopal Rao Miyyapuram
- Clinical Research Products Management Center (CRPMC) Bioservices Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1055 First Street Rockville/Maryland 20850 USA
| | - Wilhelm Seichter
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09596 Freiberg/Sachsen, Germany
| | - Monika Mazik
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09596 Freiberg/Sachsen, Germany
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199
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Wu JT, Song L, Xu WZ, Wei XY, Zhang YX, Zhang YY, Du XY, Chai WX. A luminescent Cu 2I 2P 2S 2-type binuclear complex and its fluorescence sensing for pyridine. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:538-544. [PMID: 39120498 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624006983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Luminescent CuI complexes are an important class of coordination compounds due to their relative abundance, low cost and ability to display excellent luminescence. The title Cu2I2P2S2-type binuclear complex, di-μ-iodido-bis[(thiourea-κS)(triphenylphosphine-κP)copper(I)], [Cu2I2(CH4N2S)2(C18H15P)2], conventionally abbreviated as Cu2I2TPP2TU2, where TPP and TU represent triphenylphosphine and thiourea, respectively, is described. In this complex, each CuI atom adopts a CuI2PS four-coordination mode and pairs of atoms are connected to each other by two μ2-I ligands to form a centrosymmetric binuclear cluster. It was also found that the paper-based film of this complex exhibited obvious luminescence light-up sensing for pyridine and 4-methylpyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tao Wu
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ze Xu
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu Wei
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xin Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ying Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang Du
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiang Chai
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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200
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Farfán-Paredes M, Santillan R. 2,4-Diarylpyrroles: synthesis, characterization and crystallographic insights. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:472-477. [PMID: 39115536 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Three 2,4-diarylpyrroles were synthesized starting from 4-nitrobutanones and the crystal structures of two derivatives were analysed. These are 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole, C15H13NOS, and 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-nitroso-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrole, C16H11BrN2O. Although pyrroles without substituents at the α-position with respect to the N atom are very air sensitive and tend to polymerize, we succeeded in growing an adequate crystal for X-ray diffraction analysis. Further derivatization using sodium nitrite afforded a nitrosyl pyrrole derivative, which crystallized in the triclinic space group P-1 with Z = 6. Thus, herein we report the first crystal structure of a nitrosyl pyrrole. Interestingly, the co-operative hydrogen bonds in this NO-substituted pyrrole lead to a trimeric structure with bifurcated halogen bonds at the ends, forming a two-dimensional (2D) layer with interstitial voids having a radius of 5 Å, similar to some reported macrocyclic porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Farfán-Paredes
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 07360, Apartado Postal 14-740, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 07360, Apartado Postal 14-740, CDMX, Mexico
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