1951
|
Assa F, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H, Ajamein H, Vaghari H, Anarjan N, Ahmadi O, Berenjian A. Chitosan magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery systems. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:492-509. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1185389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
1952
|
Haddad MHF, Safaei K, Saki A, Haddad RF. Epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwest of Iran during 2001–2011. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
1953
|
Mahajan PS, Nikam MD, Khedkar V, Jha P, Badadhe PV, Gill CH. An Organocatalyzed Efficient One-pot Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of 4,4′-(Arylmethylene)bis-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols). J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin S. Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Mukesh D. Nikam
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Vijay Khedkar
- Combi-Chem Resource Centre; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
- School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Prakash Jha
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Sector-30 Gandhinagar 38200 Gujarat India
| | - Pravin V. Badadhe
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Charansingh H. Gill
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| |
Collapse
|
1954
|
Mirkov I, Popov Aleksandrov A, Demenesku J, Ninkov M, Mileusnic D, Zolotarevski L, Subota V, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M. Intestinal toxicity of oral warfarin intake in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:11-8. [PMID: 27181730 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Though warfarin is extensively used in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic processes in humans, adverse effects of warfarin therapy have been recognized. Intestinal hemorrhage is one of the hazards of anticoagulant therapy, but the mechanisms of warfarin toxicity are virtually unknown. In this work, the effects of 30 days oral warfarin (0.35 mg/l and 3.5 mg/l) intake on rat's gut were examined. Both doses resulted in prolongation of prothrombin time. Systemic effects of higher warfarin dose (increases in plasma AST, proteinuria, hematuria, changes in peripheral blood hematological parameters) were seen. Warfarin intake resulted in histologically evident tissue damage, leukocyte infiltration and intestinal inflammation [increases in myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17) concentrations in intestinal homogenates]. In contrast, suppression of gut-draining mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cell activity [proliferation responsiveness, production of IFN-γ and IL-17 to T lymphocyte mitogen Concanavalin A stimulation] was noted. Inhibition of regulatory cytokine IL-10 production by MLN cells, suggests commitment of MLN to the suppression of all inflammatory activities and creation of the microenvironment which is non-permissive for induction of potentially harmful immune response. These novel findings indicate the need of staying alert for (adverse) effects of warfarin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mirkov
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Demenesku
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dina Mileusnic
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Zolotarevski
- Institute for Pathology, Military Medical Academy, 17 Crnotravska, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Subota
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Military Medical Academy, 17 Crnotravska, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Kataranovski
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
1955
|
Femoral hernia: reappraisal of low repair with the conical mesh plug. Hernia 2016; 21:73-77. [PMID: 27169589 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-016-1500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoral hernias, rare among groin hernias, have been dealt with using various well-established techniques in emergency and elective settings. Lockwood's description and its various modifications have been used for decades. We here describe again a simple and elegant technique for femoral hernia repair using a conical mesh plug performed in a series of 31 patients. METHOD A prospective study of femoral hernia repair in 31 patients via a low inguinal approach using an improvised conical mesh plug is presented. Patients were followed up for any recurrence as the primary end point. The incidence of morbidity including chronic groin pain was recorded. RESULTS Thirty-two hernias in 31 patients were managed in 2 years. The majority of patients were female (94 %) with a median age of 60 (16-70) years. Primary femoral hernias were preponderant with the majority on the left (81 %). In an average follow-up period of 18 months, there were no recurrences, minimal morbidity (3 %) and no incidence of chronic inguinodynia. CONCLUSION The low inguinal repair with a conical mesh plug is easily reproducible, elegant and probably the best method for femoral hernia repair.
Collapse
|
1956
|
Chen L, Wu L, Liu F, Qi X, Ge Y, Shen S. Azo-functionalized Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles: a near-infrared light triggered drug delivery system for combined therapy of cancer with low toxicity. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3660-3669. [PMID: 32263305 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic effect and decrease the toxicity in normal tissues, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have attracted extensive attention in tumor therapy. In this work, we present a smart drug delivery system based on the stimulated decomposition of a thermo-sensitive molecule, azobis[N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine] (Azo), for the combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) was attached to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) via the Azo linker. Upon irradiation with near infrared (NIR) light, local heating is generated by iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which triggers the decomposition of the Azo molecule and the release of DOX. Compared with Fe3O4-DOX NPs, Fe3O4-Azo-DOX NPs demonstrate dominant advantages of stability, which results in the low toxicity of Fe3O4-Azo-DOX NPs in cardiac tissues. Fe3O4-Azo NPs display excellent photothermal effects under NIR laser irradiation and extremely low cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the Fe3O4-Azo-DOX NP system exhibits significantly enhanced cell killing effects upon irradiation with NIR, attributed to the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of photothermal chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
1957
|
Mishra MP, Sarangi R, Padhy RN. Prevalence of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in pediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9:308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
1958
|
Ganesh S, Brar S, Relekar K. Long Term Clinical and Visual Outcomes of Retrofixated Iris Claw Lenses Implantation in Complicated Cases. Open Ophthalmol J 2016; 10:111-8. [PMID: 27347246 PMCID: PMC4899510 DOI: 10.2174/1874364101610010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the visual outcomes and complications after implantation of retrofixated iris claw (RFIC) lens in various challenging situations.
Settings and Design: Retrospective, single centre, 8 year clinical audit.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases who underwent RFIC lens implantation alone (group 1) or in combination with vitreoretinal (VR), corneal or glaucoma procedures (group 2) was performed. The main outcomes evaluated were corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA) and postoperative complications. The mean follow up was 13.09±6.8 (range 6-24) months.
Results: The study involved 100 eyes of 83 patients with mean age of 51.1±25.4 years. Group 1 included 59 eyes and group 2 had 41 eyes. In group 1, the mean CDVA improved from 0.86±0.81 to 0.38±0.51 LogMAR (p<0.001) with 72.8% eyes having gain in lines (≥ 2 lines) of CDVA with safety index of 1.73. The mean CDVA in group 2 improved from 0.71±0.65 to 0.38±0.34 LogMAR (p=0.003) with 65.8% eyes having gain in lines (≥ 2 lines) of CDVA with a safety index of 1.54. Group 2 showed a higher complication rate of 36.59% compared to group 1 (20.34%). Significant complications noted were secondary glaucoma (8%), disenclavation of haptic (4%), subluxation of RFIC lens (1%). Conclusion: The visual outcome with RFIC lenses when combined with other intraocular procedures is mainly affected by the complexity of co-existing pathologies .The complications are more related to the combined procedures performed rather than RFIC lens implantation alone. This may still be acceptable when complication profile of other intraocular lenses is evaluated in similar challenging situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Ganesh
- Nethradhama Superspeciality Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sheetal Brar
- Nethradhama Superspeciality Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kirti Relekar
- Nethradhama Superspeciality Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
1959
|
Daghino W, Messina M, Filipponi M, Alessandro M. Temporary Stabilization with External Fixator in 'Tripolar' Configuration in Two Steps Treatment of Tibial Pilon Fractures. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:49-55. [PMID: 27123151 PMCID: PMC4820534 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tibial pilon fractures represent a complex therapeutic problem for the orthopedic surgeon, given the frequent complications and outcomes disabling. The recent medical literature indicates that the best strategy to reduce amount of complications in tibial pilon fractures is two-stages procedure. We describe our experience in the primary stabilization of these fractures. Methods: We treated 36 cases with temporary external fixation in a simple configuration, called "tripolar": this is an essential structure (only three screws and three rods), that is possible to perform even without the availability of X-rays and with simple anesthesia or sedation. Results: We found a sufficient mechanical stability for the nursing post-operative, in absence of intraoperative and postoperative problems. The time between trauma and temporary stabilization ranged between 3 and 144 hours; surgical average time was 8.4 minutes. Definitive treatment was carried out with a delay of a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 15 days from the temporary stabilization, always without problems, both in case of ORIF (open reduction, internal fixation) or circular external fixation Conclusion: Temporary stabilization with external fixator in ‘tripolar’ configuration seems to be the most effective strategy in two steps treatment of tibial pilon fractures. These preliminary encouraging results must be confirmed by further studies with more cases.
Collapse
|
1960
|
Hu L, Huang M, Wang J, Zhong Y, Luo Y. Preparation of magnetic poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) microspheres with a controllable particle size based on a composite emulsion and their release properties for curcumin loading. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ming Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jiaoning Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yi Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| |
Collapse
|
1961
|
Karanika S, Kinamon T, Grigoras C, Mylonakis E. Colonization With Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Risk for Infection Among Asymptomatic Athletes: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:195-204. [PMID: 27090988 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes are a vulnerable population for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Our aim was to determine MRSA colonization in asymptomatic athletes and estimate the risk for subsequent MRSA infection. METHODS We searched the PubMed and EMBASE (through 29 October 2015) for studies on MRSA colonization among asymptomatic athletes. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of MRSA colonization among athletes was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1,13), and it was higher in the United States (8%; 95% CI, 2,17). USA300 was the most common strain detected (22%), and 62% and 36% of isolates were resistant to clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The prevalence of MRSA colonization among collegiate athletes reached 13% (95% CI, 4,25). Sports with the highest prevalence among collegiate athletes were wrestling (22%; 95% CI, 0,85), football (8%; 95% CI, 3,15) and basketball (8%; 95% CI, 0,28). The risk for MRSA skin and soft tissue infection within 3 months after documented colonization among MRSA-colonized athletes was significantly higher than for noncolonized athletes (relative risk = 7.37, 95% CI, [2.47,21.94]). Decolonization treatment among colonized athletes decreased significantly the risk for infection (relative risk reduction = 0.33; 95% CI, .03,4.28). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MRSA colonization among asymptomatic athletes is comparable to that among individuals with chronic illness, it is higher among collegiate athletes and can be twice that for patients in intensive care units. Importantly, colonization is associated with a >7-fold increase in the incidence of subsequent MRSA infection. Infection control and decontamination protocols for this population need to be studied and implemented with urgency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Karanika
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
| | - Tori Kinamon
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
| | - Christos Grigoras
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
| |
Collapse
|
1962
|
Methanolic Extract of Clinacanthus nutans Exerts Antinociceptive Activity via the Opioid/Nitric Oxide-Mediated, but cGMP-Independent, Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1494981. [PMID: 27190528 PMCID: PMC4846754 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1494981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to determine the mechanisms of antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae) leaves (MECN) using various animal nociceptive models. The antinociceptive activity of orally administered 10% DMSO, 100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 5 mg/kg morphine, or MECN (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was determined using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction (ACT), formalin-induced paw licking (FT), and hot plate tests (HPT). The role of opioid and nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) systems was also investigated. The results showed that MECN produced a significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive response in all nociceptive models with the recorded ED50 value of 279.3 mg/kg for the ACT, while, for the early and late phases of the FT, the value was >500 mg/kg or 227.7 mg/kg, respectively. This antinociceptive activity was fully antagonized by naloxone (a nonselective opioid antagonist) but was partially reversed by l-arginine (l-arg; a nitric oxide [NO] precursor), Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME; an NO synthase inhibitor), or their combinations thereof. In contrast, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) enhanced the extract's antinociception. UHPLC analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoid-based compounds with antinociceptive action. In conclusion, MECN exerted the peripherally and centrally mediated antinociceptive activity via the modulation of the opioid/NO-mediated, but cGMP-independent, systems.
Collapse
|
1963
|
Diagnosis of Zika virus infection: Some important forgotten issues. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
1964
|
Farsi E, Esmailli K, Shafaei A, Moradi Khaniabadi P, Al Hindi B, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Sandai D, Abdul Sattar M, Ismail Z, Abdul Majid AMS, Abdul Majid AS. Mutagenicity and preclinical safety assessment of the aqueous extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 39:461-73. [PMID: 27033971 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2016.1157810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinacanthus nutans (CN) is used traditionally for treating various illnesses. Robust safety data to support its use is lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adverse effects of aqueous extract of CN leaves (AECNL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The oral toxicity of the AECNL was tested following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Mutagenicity (Ames test) of AECNL was evaluated using TA98 and TA100 Salmonella typhimurium strains. RESULTS No mortality or morbidity was found in the animals upon single and repeated dose administration. However, significant body weight loss was observed at 2000 mg/kg during sub-chronic (90 d) exposure. In addition, increased eosinophil at 500 mg/kg and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase levels at 2000 mg/kg were observed in male rats. Variations in glucose and lipid profiles in treated groups were also observed compared to control. Ames test revealed no evidence of mutagenic or carcinogenic effects at 500 μg/well of AECNL. CONCLUSION The median lethal dose (LD50) of the AECNL is >5000 mg/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect level is identified to be greater than 2000 mg/kg/day in 90-d study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Farsi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Kameh Esmailli
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Bassel Al Hindi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Doblin Sandai
- b Advanced Medical and Dental Institute , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Zhari Ismail
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
1965
|
ghasemi B, Beyzaie H, Majidiani H. A Comparative Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Some Newly Synthesized Thiazole, Imidazolidine and Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives Against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhimurium. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
1966
|
Delay in Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Associated Factors Among People Bitten by Animals in the Northeast of Iran, 2015. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.33904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
1967
|
Das S, Singhal S, Kumar N, Rao CM, Sumalatha S, Dave J, Dave R, Nandakumar K. Standardised extract of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) increases aphrodisiac potential besides being safe in male Wistar rats. Andrologia 2016; 48:1236-1243. [PMID: 26952773 DOI: 10.1111/and.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The standardised extract of root of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) was evaluated for its aphrodisiac potential and safety profile on reproductive system. Wistar albino rats were trained to provide sexual experience under a dim red light (10 W) in a glass tank. Male and female rats were placed periodically in the glass tank in a particular order, that is male followed by introduction of the receptive female. Dosing of extract was carried out for 54 days at 125 and 250 mg kg-1 p.o to male rats. On 14th and 28th days, the animals were observed from the cage side for sexual behaviours. Safed musli at both dose levels enhanced sexual vigour and libido which might be useful for treatment of sexual dysfunction in male till 28th day. Safety profile was assessed after 54 days of drug treatment, where both doses showed an increase in sperm count and increase in sperm motility. Thus, it can be stated that both doses possessed the spermatogenic potential, which would be highly beneficial in treating oligospermia or low sperm count. After 54 days of study, there was increase in sperm abnormality (%) at both doses, but not more than 10%, which indicated that this formulation will not induce infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Singhal
- Umalaxmi Organics Pvt. Ltd., Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - N Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C M Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sumalatha
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - J Dave
- Umalaxmi Organics Pvt. Ltd., Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R Dave
- Umalaxmi Organics Pvt. Ltd., Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - K Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
1968
|
Ango PY, Kapche DW, Fotso GW, Fozing CD, Yeboah EM, Mapitse R, Demirtas I, Ngadjui BT, Yeboah SO. Thonningiiflavanonol A and thonningiiflavanonol B, two novel flavonoids, and other constituents of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:65-71. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A phytochemical study of Ficus thonningii has led to the isolation of two previously unreported compounds, thonningiiflavanonol A and thonningiiflavanonol B together with 16 known compounds: shuterin, naringenin, syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, genistein, 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavanone, luteolin, methylparaben, aromadendrin, garbanzol, dihydroquercetin, 5,7,3′-trihydroxyflavanone, β-sitosterol, sitosterolglucoside, lupeol acetate, and taraxerol. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The new compounds and extracts displayed potent antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y. Ango
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Deccaux W.F.G. Kapche
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training School, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ghislain W. Fotso
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christian D. Fozing
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elizabeth M.O. Yeboah
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Renameditswe Mapitse
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Bonaventure T. Ngadjui
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Samuel O. Yeboah
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
1969
|
In Vitro Study on Glucose Utilization Capacity of Bioactive Fractions of Houttuynia cordata in Isolated Rat Hemidiaphragm and Its Major Phytoconstituent. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:2573604. [PMID: 26925100 PMCID: PMC4746272 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2573604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The whole plant of Houttuynia cordata has been reported to have potent antihyperglycemic activity. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the glucose utilization capacity of bioactive fractions of ethanol extract of Houttuynia cordata (HC) in isolated rat hemidiaphragm. Methods. All the fractions, that is, aqueous (AQ), hexane (HEX), chloroform (CHL), and ethyl acetate (EA), obtained from ethanol extract of H. cordata were subjected to phytochemical standardization use in quercetin as a marker with the help of HPTLC. Further, glucose utilization capacity by rat hemidiaphragm was evaluated in 12 different sets of in vitro experiments. In the study, different fractions from H. cordata as mentioned above were evaluated, where insulin was used as standard and quercetin as a biological standard. Results. Among all the tested fractions, AQ and EA significantly increased glucose uptake by isolated rat hemidiaphragm compared to negative control. Moreover, AQ fractions enhanced the uptake of glucose significantly (p < 0.05) and was found to be more effective than insulin. Conclusions. The augmentation in glucose uptake by hemidiaphragm in presence of AQ and EA fractions may be attributed to the presence of quercetin, which was found to be 7.1 and 3.2% w/w, respectively, in both the fractions.
Collapse
|
1970
|
Kumar RS, Rajkapoor B, Perumal P, Kumar SV, Geetha AS. Beneficial effects of methanolic extract of Indigofera linnaei Ali. on the inflammatory and nociceptive responses in rodent models. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Indigofera linnaei Ali. (Tamil Name: Cheppu Nerinjil) belongs to the family Fabaceae, used for the treatment of various ailments in the traditional system of medicine. In the present study, the beneficial effects of methanol extract of whole plant of I. linnaei (MEIL) were evaluated on inflammation and nociception responses in rodent models. In vitro nitric oxide (NO), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygense (COX) inhibitory activities were also performed to understand the mode of action. MEIL at the dose of 200 & 400 mg/kg, p.o. significantly inhibited carrageenan induced rat paw volume and reduced the weight of granuloma in cotton pellet granuloma model. The results obtained were comparable with the standard drug aceclofenac. The anti-nociceptive effect of MEIL in mice was evaluated in hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing model. The plant extract significantly reduced the number of writhes and the analgesic effect was higher than that of the standard drug aspirin. However, the extract fails to increase the latency period in hot plate method suggesting that the extract produce nociception by peripheral activity. The extract produced inhibitory effect on NO, LOX and COX in concentration dependent manner. The extract exhibited pronounced and selective COX-2 inhibition. Altogether, these results suggested that the methanol extract of Indigofera linnaei could be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.
Collapse
|
1971
|
Sarega N, Imam MU, Esa NM, Zawawi N, Ismail M. Effects of phenolic-rich extracts of Clinacanthus nutans on high fat and high cholesterol diet-induced insulin resistance. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:88. [PMID: 26924713 PMCID: PMC4770701 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinacanthus nutans is used traditionally in many parts of Asia to improve well-being, but there are limited studies on its efficacy. We explored the potential use of C. nutans for prevention of high fat and high cholesterol diet-(HFHC-) induced insulin resistance in rats. METHODS The leaf of C. nutans was extracted using water (AL extract) and methanol (AML extract), and the extracts were fed to rats alongside the HFHC diet for 7 weeks, and compared with simvastatin. Oral glucose tolerance test, and serum insulin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), adiponectin and leptin were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed, while transcriptional regulation of hepatic insulin signaling genes was also assessed. RESULTS Glycemic response was higher in the HFHC group compared with the AL and AML groups, which also had lower serum RBP4, fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. Serum adiponectin levels were higher, while leptin levels were lower in the AML and AL groups compared to the HFHC group. There was upregulation of the Insulin receptor substrate, phosphotidyl inositol-3-phosphate, adiponectin receptor and leptin recetor genes, in comparison with the HFHC group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results showed that the HFHC diet worsened metabolic indices and induced insulin resistance partly through transcriptional regulation of the insulin signaling genes. C.nutans, on the other hand, attenuated the metabolic effects and transcriptional changes induced by the HFHC diet. The results suggested that C.nutans may be a good source of functional ingredient for the prevention of insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
1972
|
Gordon CA, McManus DP, Jones MK, Gray DJ, Gobert GN. The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections: The Impact of Urbanization, Climate Change and Globalization. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 91:311-97. [PMID: 27015952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic parasitic diseases are increasingly impacting human populations due to the effects of globalization, urbanization and climate change. Here we review the recent literature on the most important helminth zoonoses, including reports of incidence and prevalence. We discuss those helminth diseases which are increasing in endemic areas and consider their geographical spread into new regions within the framework of globalization, urbanization and climate change to determine the effect these variables are having on disease incidence, transmission and the associated challenges presented for public health initiatives, including control and elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
1973
|
High-permeability functionalized silicone magnetic microspheres with low autofluorescence for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:860-9. [PMID: 26952493 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized magnetic microspheres are widely used for cell separations, isolation of proteins and other biomolecules, in vitro diagnostics, tissue engineering, and microscale force spectroscopy. We present here the synthesis and characterization of a silicone magnetic microsphere which can be produced in diameters ranging from 0.5 to 50 μm via emulsion polymerization of a silicone ferrofluid precursor. This bottom-up approach to synthesis ensures a uniform magnetic concentration across all sizes, leading to significant advances in magnetic force generation. We demonstrate that in a size range of 5-20 μm, these spheres supply a full order of magnitude greater magnetic force than leading commercial products. In addition, the unique silicone matrix exhibits autofluorescence two orders of magnitude lower than polystyrene microspheres. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to chemically functionalize our silicone microspheres using a standard EDC reaction, and show that our folate-functionalized silicone microspheres specifically bind to targeted HeLa and Jurkat cells. These spheres show tremendous potential for replacing magnetic polystyrene spheres in applications which require either large magnetic forces or minimal autofluorescence, since they represent order-of-magnitude improvements in each. In addition, the unique silicone matrix and proven biocompatibility suggest that they may be useful for encapsulation and targeted delivery of lipophilic pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
|
1974
|
Species composition of sand flies and bionomics of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae) in cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic foci, Morocco. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:60. [PMID: 26830689 PMCID: PMC4736259 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Morocco. Leishmania major and L. tropica are the main culprits identified in all endemic foci across the country. These two etiological agents are transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti, the two most prevalent sand fly species in Morocco. Previous studies reflected gaps of knowledge regarding the environmental fingerprints that affect the distribution of these two potential vectors across Morocco. Methods The sand flies were collected from 48 districts across Morocco using sticky paper traps. Collected specimens were preserved in 70 % ethanol for further processing and identification. Male and female densities were calculated in each site to examine their relations to the environmental conditions across these sites. The study used 19 environmental variables including precipitation, aridity, elevation, soil variables and a composite representing maximum, minimum and mean of day- and night-time Land Surface Temperature (LST), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results A total of 11,717 specimens were collected during this entomological survey. These specimens represented 11 species of two genera; Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Correlations of the sand fly densities with the environmental variables were estimated to identify the variables which influence the distribution of the two potential vectors, Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti, associated with all CL endemic foci across the country. The density of P. papatasi was most affected by temperature changes. The study showed a significant positive correlation between the densities of both sexes of P. papatasi and night-time temperatures. Both P. papatasi and P. sergenti showed a negative correlation with aridity, but, such correlation was only significant in case of P. papatasi. NDVI showed a positive correlation only with densities of P. sergenti, while, soil PH and soil water stress were negatively correlated with the densities of both males and females of only P. papatasi. Conclusions Our results identified the sand fly species across all CL endemic sites and underlined the influences of night-time temperature, soil water stress and NDVI as the most important variables affecting the sand fly distribution in all sampled sites. This preliminary study considered the importance of these covariates to anticipate the potential distribution of P. papatasi and P. sergenti in Morocco. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1343-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
1975
|
Plants and other natural products used in the management of oral infections and improvement of oral health. Acta Trop 2016; 154:6-18. [PMID: 26522671 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Challenges of resistance to synthetic antimicrobials have opened new vistas in the search for natural products. This article rigorously reviews plants and other natural products used in oral health: Punica granatum L. (pomegranate), Matricaria recutita L. (chamomile), Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea), chewing sticks made from Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A.D.C., Diospyros lycioides Desf., and Salvadora persica L. (miswak), honey and propolis from the manuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.), rhein from Rheum rhabarbarum L. (rhubarb), dried fruits of Vitis vinifera L. (raisins), essential oils, probiotics and mushrooms. Further, the review highlights plants from Africa, Asia, Brazil, Mexico, Europe, and the Middle East. Some of the plants' antimicrobial properties and chemical principles have been elucidated. While the use of natural products for oral health is prominent in resource-poor settings, antimicrobial testing is mainly conducted in the following countries (in decreasing order of magnitude): India, South Africa, Brazil, Japan, France, Egypt, Iran, Mexico, Kenya, Switzerland, Nigeria, Australia, Uganda, and the United Kingdom. While the review exposes a dire gap for more studies on clinical efficacy and toxicity, the following emerging trend was noted: basic research on plants for oral health is mainly done in Brazil, Europe and Australia. Brazil, China, India and New Zealand generally conduct value addition of natural products for fortification of toothpastes. African countries focus on bioprospecting and primary production of raw plants and other natural products with antimicrobial efficacies. The Middle East and Egypt predominantly research on plants used as chewing sticks. More research and funding are needed in the field of natural products for oral health, especially in Africa where oral diseases are fuelled by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).
Collapse
|
1976
|
Andhariya JV, Burgess DJ. Recent advances in testing of microsphere drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:593-608. [PMID: 26828874 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1134484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review discusses advances in the field of microsphere testing. AREAS COVERED In vitro release-testing methods such as sample and separate, dialysis membrane sacs and USP apparatus IV have been used for microspheres. Based on comparisons of these methods, USP apparatus IV is currently the method of choice. Accelerated in vitro release tests have been developed to shorten the testing time for quality control purposes. In vitro-in vivo correlations using real-time and accelerated release data have been developed, to minimize the need to conduct in vivo performance evaluation. Storage stability studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of various environmental factors on microsphere quality throughout the product shelf life. New tests such as the floating test and the in vitro wash-off test have been developed along with advancement in characterization techniques for other physico-chemical parameters such as particle size, drug content, and thermal properties. EXPERT OPINION Although significant developments have been made in microsphere release testing, there is still a lack of guidance in this area. Microsphere storage stability studies should be extended to include microspheres containing large molecules. An agreement needs to be reached on the use of particle sizing techniques to avoid inconsistent data. An approach needs to be developed to determine total moisture content of microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janki V Andhariya
- a School of Pharmacy , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Diane J Burgess
- a School of Pharmacy , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
1977
|
Sacan O, Turkyilmaz IB, Bayrak BB, Mutlu O, Akev N, Yanardag R. Zinc supplementation ameliorates glycoprotein components and oxidative stress changes in the lung of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Biometals 2016; 29:239-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
1978
|
Oseni OA, Odesanmi OE, Oladele FC. Antioxidative and antidiabetic activities of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice on oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar albino rats. Niger Med J 2016; 56:272-7. [PMID: 26759513 PMCID: PMC4697216 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.169707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The nutritional and medicinal importance of watermelon has been emphasized and its diseases preventive and curative power must be evaluated. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative and antidiabetic potentials of watermelon. Materials and Methods: The in vivo assay was carried out on 15 male albino rats which were divided into groups of three stages. In stage I, all animals received normal feeds and water for 1-week after, which five animals were selected and sacrificed for biochemical analyses which form the nondiabetic control, group. The remaining animals were fasted for 24 h before injected intra-peritoneally with a freshly prepared solution of alloxan at a dosage of 35 mg/kg body weight. Five out of the 10 rats were sacrificed as diabetic group while last five animals were fed with water melon juice for a week after, which they were sacrificed to form the treated group animals. In all the groups, body weights, fasting blood sugar, total protein level in the blood, and other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration; catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) % inhibition activities were determined. Results: The results of the biochemical analyses showed a significant increase in the concentration of blood glucose level after treatment with alloxan, which indicates that diabetic was induced. Hence, watermelon juice caused increased in weight, hypoglycemia; and increases in GSH, GPx, catalase, and SOD % inhibition activities with reduced MDA concentration after treatments. Conclusion: The watermelon juice resulted in the restoration of impaired conditions of the rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Oseni
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ekiti-State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - O E Odesanmi
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ekiti-State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - F C Oladele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ekiti-State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
1979
|
Benz F, Roy S, Trautwein C, Roderburg C, Luedde T. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010078. [PMID: 26761003 PMCID: PMC4730322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis represents a major cause of lethality during intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Pharmacological treatment strategies for sepsis are still limited and mainly based on the early initiation of antibiotic and supportive treatment. In this context, numerous clinical and serum based markers have been evaluated for the diagnosis, the severity, and the etiology of sepsis. However until now, few of these factors could be translated into clinical use. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) do not encode for proteins but regulate gene expression by inhibiting the translation or transcription of their target mRNAs. Recently it was demonstrated that miRNAs are released into the circulation and that the spectrum of circulating miRNAs might be altered during various pathologic conditions, such as inflammation, infection, and sepsis. By using array- and single PCR-based methods, a variety of deregulated miRNAs, including miR-25, miR-133a, miR-146, miR-150, and miR-223, were described in the context of sepsis. Some of the miRNAs correlated with the disease stage, as well as patients' short and long term prognosis. Here, we summarize the current findings on the role of circulating miRNAs in the diagnosis and staging of sepsis in critically ill patients. We compare data from patients with findings from animal models and, finally, highlight the challenges and drawbacks that currently prevent the use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in clinical routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Benz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Sanchari Roy
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
1980
|
Crude Aloe vera Gel Shows Antioxidant Propensities and Inhibits Pancreatic Lipase and Glucose Movement In Vitro. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:3720850. [PMID: 26880905 PMCID: PMC4736367 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3720850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera gel (AVG) is traditionally used in the management of diabetes, obesity, and infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of AVG against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Enzyme kinetic studies using Michaelis-Menten (Km) and Lineweaver-Burk equations were used to establish the type of inhibition. The antioxidant capacity of AVG was evaluated for its ferric reducing power, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate scavenging ability, nitric oxide scavenging power, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. The glucose entrapment ability, antimicrobial activity, and total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and anthocyanin content were also determined. AVG showed a significantly higher percentage inhibition (85.56 ± 0.91) of pancreatic lipase compared to Orlistat. AVG was found to increase the Michaelis-Menten constant and decreased the maximal velocity (Vmax) of lipase, indicating mixed inhibition. AVG considerably inhibits glucose movement across dialysis tubes and was comparable to Arabic gum. AVG was ineffective against the tested microorganisms. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 66.06 ± 1.14 (GAE)/mg and 60.95 ± 0.97 (RE)/mg, respectively. AVG also showed interesting antioxidant properties. The biological activity observed in this study tends to validate some of the traditional claims of AVG as a functional food.
Collapse
|
1981
|
Elmaraghy A, Pennings A, Walton C. Unrecognized Isolated Medial Trochlear Fracture Leading to Malunion: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2016; 6:e8. [PMID: 29252714 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.o.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CASE A twenty-year-old woman presented with an isolated intra-articular fracture of the medial part of the trochlea twelve weeks after a traumatic fall. The fracture had gone undetected during the initial twelve weeks following injury, resulting in an anteriorly and superiorly displaced malunion and severe range-of-motion restrictions of the elbow. CONCLUSION Vigilant clinical examination is imperative to avoid missing this uncommon fracture pattern and complication. Prompt surgical management is necessary to ensure that adequate healing is achieved and to avoid unnecessary complications. This case report demonstrates that an excellent clinical outcome can be achieved with intra-articular osteotomy and anatomic fixation of the malunited segment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Elmaraghy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Pennings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Walton
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
1982
|
Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of aqueous and methanol extracts of Nelsonia campestris in rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
1983
|
Subota V, Mirkov I, Demenesku J, Popov Aleksandrov A, Ninkov M, Mileusnic D, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M. Transdermal toxicity of topically applied anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:232-240. [PMID: 26742017 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Occupational/accidental exposure data have showed hemorrhage as a result of transdermal exposure to warfarin, however, other effects are not known. In the present study, the impact of epicutaneous application of 10 μg or 100 μg of warfarin (three times, once a day) on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear cells (PBMC) was examined in rats. Both doses resulted in prolongation of prothrombin time and changes in hematologic parameters. Increases in PMN intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were seen at higher warfarin dose and both doses resulted in higher percentages of granular CD11b(+) cells. In contrast, a decrease in PMN TNF and IL-6 production (ELISA) and gene expression (RT-PCR) was observed. Epicutaneous application of warfarin resulted in decreased numbers of PBMC, higher numbers of mononuclear CD11b(+) cells, but without effect on PMBC cytokine production. The data obtained showed differential effects of transdermal exposure to warfarin depending on leukocyte type and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Subota
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Demenesku
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dina Mileusnic
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Kataranovski
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
1984
|
Cano A, Cháfer M, Chiralt A, González-Martínez C. Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Starch-PVA Blend Films as Affected by the Incorporation of Natural Antimicrobial Agents. Foods 2015; 5:foods5010003. [PMID: 28231098 PMCID: PMC5224566 DOI: 10.3390/foods5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, active films based on starch and PVA (S:PVA ratio of 2:1) were developed by incorporating neem (NO) and oregano essential oils (OEO). First, a screening of the antifungal effectiveness of different natural extracts (echinacea, horsetail extract, liquid smoke and neem seed oil) against two fungus (P. expansum and A. niger) was carried out. The effect of NO and OEO incorporation on the films’ physical and antimicrobial properties was analyzed. Only composite films containing OEO exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antibacterial activity occurred at low OEO concentration (6.7%), while antifungal effect required higher doses of OEO in the films. Incorporation of oils did not notably affect the water sorption capacity and water vapor barrier properties of S-PVA films, but reduced their transparency and gloss, especially at the highest concentrations. The mechanical response of the S-PVA films was also negatively affected by oil incorporation but this was only relevant at the highest oil ratio (22%). S-PVA films with 6.7% of OEO exhibited the best physical properties, without significant differences with respect to the S-PVA matrix, while exhibiting antibacterial activity. Thus, the use of OEO as a natural antimicrobial incorporated into starch-PVA films represents a good and novel alternative in food packaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Cano
- Institute of Food Engineering for the Development, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 48022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maite Cháfer
- Institute of Food Engineering for the Development, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 48022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Chiralt
- Institute of Food Engineering for the Development, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 48022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Chelo González-Martínez
- Institute of Food Engineering for the Development, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 48022 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
1985
|
Production of Monomeric Aromatic Compounds from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Lignin by Chemical and Enzymatic Methods. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:891539. [PMID: 26798644 PMCID: PMC4700166 DOI: 10.1155/2015/891539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFBF) was pretreated with alkali, and lignin was extracted for further degradation into lower molecular weight phenolic compounds using enzymes and chemical means. Efficiency of monomeric aromatic compounds production from OPEFBF lignin via chemical (nitrobenzene versus oxygen) and enzymatic [cutinase versus manganese peroxidase (MnP)] approaches was investigated. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration (2, 5, and 10% wt.) and reaction time (30, 90, and 180 minutes) on the yield of aromatic compounds were studied. The results obtained indicated that nitrobenzene oxidation produced the highest yield (333.17 ± 49.44 ppm hydroxybenzoic acid, 5.67 ± 0.25 ppm p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 25.57 ± 1.64 ppm vanillic acid, 168.68 ± 23.23 ppm vanillin, 75.44 ± 6.71 ppm syringic acid, 815.26 ± 41.77 ppm syringaldehyde, 15.21 ± 2.19 ppm p-coumaric acid, and 44.75 ± 3.40 ppm ferulic acid), among the tested methods. High sodium hydroxide concentration (10% wt.) was needed to promote efficient nitrobenzene oxidation. However, less severe oxidation condition was preferred to preserve the hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid). Cutinase-catalyzed hydrolysis was found to be more efficient than MnP-catalyzed oxidation in the production of aromatic compounds. By hydrolyzed 8% wt. of lignin with 0.625 mL cutinase g−1 lignin at pH 8 and 55°C for 24 hours, about 642.83 ± 14.45 ppm hydroxybenzoic acid, 70.19 ± 3.31 ppm syringaldehyde, 22.80 ± 1.04 ppm vanillin, 27.06 ± 1.20 ppm p-coumaric acid, and 50.19 ± 2.23 ppm ferulic acid were produced.
Collapse
|
1986
|
Gupta BK, Gupta A, Nehra HR, Balotia HR, Meena SL, Kumar S. Clinical Profile and Prognostic Indicators in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Malaria Caused by Different Plasmodium Species. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 8:45-50. [PMID: 26692763 PMCID: PMC4671546 DOI: 10.4137/idrt.s34039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe malaria remains a major cause of death and morbidity among adults in the Asiatic tropics. This study was planned to evaluate clinical profile and prognostic indicators of severe malaria in adults so as to improve insight into this highly prevalent disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted on 60 confirmed cases of malaria. Cases were divided into two groups: (a) study group: suffering from severe malaria and (b) control group: no severe manifestations. All cases were thoroughly studied for clinical features, laboratory evaluation, and outcome. Prognostic evaluation was also done by different score systems. RESULTS In all, 40 cases suffer from severe malaria (study group), while 20 cases belong to the control group. The majority of our cases were males of age 21-40 years. The most common species of malaria in the study group was vivax (52.5%), followed by falciparum (25%) and mixed malaria species (22.5%). The clinical predictors for severe malaria were rural habitat, longer duration of fever, marked chills, tiredness, giddiness, nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, jaundice, and altered sensorium. Extreme weakness (80%), jaundice (55%), renal failure (50%), and severe anemia (27.5%) were the most common presenting features in severe malaria. Two patients died of severe mixed malaria. The mortality rate was significantly associated with lower hemoglobin level (P = 0.002); higher total leukocyte count (P = 0.006), blood urea (P < 0.001), serum creatinine (P < 0.001), SGOT (P = 0.001), SGPT (P < 0.007), serum bilirubin (P = 0.003), and parasite density (P = 0.033); lower platelet count (P = 0.043); and those who had more APACHE II score (P = 0.003), SOFA score (P = 0.04), and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (P < 0.001) and lower Glasgow Coma Scale (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Manifestations of severe malaria is becoming increasingly more prevalent specifically in vivax and mixed malaria cases. Our study proposes that there are certain clinical predictors and prognostic indicators that should be kept in mind for better management of severe malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bal Kishan Gupta
- Senior Professor, In-charge Medical ICU, Department of Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anjli Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sardar Patel Medical College, PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hardev Ram Nehra
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Heera Ram Balotia
- Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shyam Lal Meena
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
1987
|
Ahmad L, Semotiuk A, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Liu QR, Zada MP, Ul Abidin SZ, Yaseen G. Ethnopharmacological documentation of medicinal plants used for hypertension among the local communities of DIR Lower, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:138-146. [PMID: 26392329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Local communities of the Dir Lower district in Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan rely on botanical anti-hypertensive preparations. Insights into the traditional uses of local flora can direct investigation into phytochemical screening. AIM OF THE STUDY This ethnobotanical study aims to identify plant species and recipes used by the local people for the treatment of hypertension in the district of Dir Lower. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inquiries and interviews were carried out from November 2012 to December 2013 from local herbalist and indigenous communities including village elders. RESULTS A total of 46 plant species (43 genera and 29 botanical families) used by local people of study area to treat hypertension. Family Lamiaceae dominated with the highest percentage 15.21% (7 species). With respect to growth form, herbs constituted (63.05%), shrubs (30.43%) and trees (6.52%). Leaves (37.25%) were the most frequently used part in herbal preparations. The major mode of preparation was decoction (46.66%) and almost all recipes were orally administered. Use values (UV) revealed that the most preferred species for the treatment of hypertension by the indigenous community are Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle., followed by Sarcococca saligna (D. Don) Muell. Arg., Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley and Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. Amongst the 46 medicinal plants, antihypertensive activity of 16 plants included Artemisia vulgiris L., Artemisia annua L., Sisymbrium brassiciforme C. A. Mey., T. stocksianum Boiss, Cichorium intybus L., Rosa brunonii Lindl., Chenopodium botrys L., Olea ferruginea Royle, Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl, S. saligna (D. Don) Muell. Arg., Viola canescens Wall. ex Roxb, P. emodi Wall. ex Royle, Asparagus gracilis Royle, Maytenus royleanus (Wall. ex Lawson), Allium jacquemontii Kunth and Onosma hispidum Wall has not been reported previously in the scientific literature. CONCLUSIONS Dir lower is a rich and biodiverse area of medicinal plant. The large number of plant species used for hypertension in this area shows the importance of herbal medicine in the primary health care of this remote area. In future studies, the plant should be further screened for phytochemical and new medicinal properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latif Ahmad
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Andrew Semotiuk
- Ezcurra Lab, University of California, Riverside 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Quan-Ru Liu
- College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | | | | | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
1988
|
Vinayagam R, Jayachandran M, Xu B. Antidiabetic Effects of Simple Phenolic Acids: A Comprehensive Review. Phytother Res 2015; 30:184-99. [PMID: 26634804 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major public health threat across the globe. Current antidiabetic therapies are based on synthetic drugs that very often have side effects. It has been widely acknowledged that diet plays an important role in the management of diabetes. Phenolic acids are widely found in daily foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, and wine and they provide biological, medicinal, and health properties. Simple phenolic acids have been shown to increase glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, improve glucose and lipid profiles of certain diseases (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, DM, and its complication). The current review is an attempt to list out the antidiabetic effects of simple phenolic acids from medicinal plants and botanical foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Vinayagam
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, China
| |
Collapse
|
1989
|
Erukainure OL, Ebuehi OAT, Adeboyejo FO, Oladunmoye OO, Aliyu M, Obode OC, Olasehinde T, Elemo GN. Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats. Biochem Res Int 2015; 2015:868937. [PMID: 26713163 PMCID: PMC4680109 DOI: 10.1155/2015/868937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Folasade O. Adeboyejo
- Product Development Programme, Nigeria Institute of Horticultural Research, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammad Aliyu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Okukwe C. Obode
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Olasehinde
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gloria N. Elemo
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
1990
|
Mahajan P, Nikam M, Chate A, Nimbalkar U, Patil V, Bobade A, Chaudhari A, Deolankar D, Javale B, Gill C. Synthesis, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Screening of Newer Thiophene-Fused Arylpyrazolyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1024784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukesh Nikam
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asha Chate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urja Nimbalkar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vrushali Patil
- Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil Bobade
- Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Chaudhari
- Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Charansingh Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431 004, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
1991
|
|
1992
|
Enhanced stability and dermal delivery of hydroquinone using solid lipid nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:1004-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
1993
|
Balan K, Pratheebaa P, Jebastin T, Sundarabaalaji N, Liu X, Palvannan T. Beneficial protective effects of 2-allyl amino 4-methyl sulfanyl butyric acid on glucose metabolism and glycoprotein components in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with molecular modeling. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:399-406. [PMID: 30090355 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the potential effects of 2-allyl amino 4-methyl sulfanyl butyric acid (AMSB) on the glucose metabolism and glycoprotein components in streptozotocin (STZ) induced experimental diabetic rats were determined. Further, molecular modeling was performed to investigate the modes of AMSB interaction with insulin receptor active sites. The blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured in the STZ induced diabetic rats, whereas the glucose metabolism and glycoprotein components were analyzed from the plasma and tissues. After oral treatment of AMSB there was a significant reduction in blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase. On the other hand, the activity of the glycoprotein levels, such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid, were significantly reduced. In addition, a significant elevation in plasma insulin, hexokinase, glycogen and glycogen synthase were also observed in the AMSB treated rats. The molecular modeling study revealed that AMSB has a stable binding pattern to the active site of insulin, with a Gscore value of -7.34 Kcal mol-1. From this study we conclude that AMSB has a potent antidiabetic activity in addition to its protective effect on glycoprotein metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Balan
- Department of Biochemistry , Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering , Periyar University , Salem - 636 011 , Tamil Nadu , India . ; ; Tel: +91-427 2345766, +91-427 2345520.,Key Lab of Natural Drug and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng - 475001 , Republic of China
| | - P Pratheebaa
- Department of Biochemistry , Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering , Periyar University , Salem - 636 011 , Tamil Nadu , India . ; ; Tel: +91-427 2345766, +91-427 2345520
| | - T Jebastin
- Structural Biology Lab , Department of Bioinformatics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore - 641046 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - N Sundarabaalaji
- Structural Biology Lab , Department of Bioinformatics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore - 641046 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Key Lab of Natural Drug and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng - 475001 , Republic of China
| | - T Palvannan
- Department of Biochemistry , Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering , Periyar University , Salem - 636 011 , Tamil Nadu , India . ; ; Tel: +91-427 2345766, +91-427 2345520
| |
Collapse
|
1994
|
Yaseen G, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Kayani S, Cetto AA, Shaheen S. Traditional management of diabetes in Pakistan: Ethnobotanical investigation from Traditional Health Practitioners. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:91-117. [PMID: 26231447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The uses of anti-diabetic plants are well anchored in the traditional health care system of Pakistan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ethno-botanical study about the uses of plants for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study is to record indigenous knowledge on anti-diabetic plants from Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) and diabetic patients. In addition, it is aimed to ascertain and validate the traditional uses of anti-diabetic plants by citing pharmacological activities and phytochemical constitutes from previously published literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethno-medicinal data was documented during 14 field surveys, each comprising of 10 days, from 3 regions of Pakistan (Islamabad, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa and Deserts of Sindh). In total, 113 THPs and 44 diabetic patients were interviewed using open-ended and semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative indices, including Relative Frequency of Citation percentage (RFC %) and Disease Consensus Index (DCI) were calculated. The documented data is authenticated by comparing with 28 published articles on ethno-botanical aspects and many pharmacological studies. RESULTS In total, 120 plant species belonging to 50 families were reported. The ethno-botanical results indicated that Moraceae (11 species); herb (56 reports) is dominant life form; the leaves (56 reports) are the most used plant part and decoction (24%) is the preferred mode of preparation. The quantitative analysis shows that RFC% ranges from 14 to 42 and DCI varies from 0.15 to 0.74. By comparing to previous studies, 64 species are reported new in traditional treatment of DM; 40 species are new to pharmacological evidence and 3 species are new to phytochemical studies. CONCLUSIONS This study recoded the significant indigenous knowledge about anti-diabetic plants among the THPs and diabetic patients in Pakistan. This type of ethno-botanical knowledge on traditional use of anti-diabetic plants is an important step in designing detailed pharmacological and clinical trials for Diabetes Miletus treatment. It is recommended that further pharmacological and phytochemical analysis should be conducted on those species which lack previous references in literature and have highest Frequency of Citation (FC), Disease Consensus Index (DCI) and Relative Frequency of Citation percentage (RFC%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Kayani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Adolfo Andrade Cetto
- Cellular Biology Department School of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
1995
|
Systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection in restraint stressed mice modulates impaired immune response resulting in improved behavioral activities. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 288:102-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
1996
|
Shi C, Sun Y, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Song K, Jia Z, Chen Y, Yang M, Liu X, Dong R, Xia X. Antimicrobial activity of syringic acid against Cronobacter sakazakii and its effect on cell membrane. Food Chem 2015; 197:100-6. [PMID: 26616929 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Syringic acid (SA) has been reported to exhibit antibacterial ability against various microorganisms, but little work has been done on its effect on Cronobacter sakazakii. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SA against various C. sakazakii strains were determined. Moreover, changes in intracellular ATP concentration, intracellular pH (pHin), membrane potential and membrane integrity were measured to evaluate the influence of SA on cell membrane. Finally, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to assess the morphological changes of bacterial cells caused by SA. It was shown that the MICs of SA against all tested C. sakazakii strains were 5mg/mL. SA retarded bacterial growth, and caused cell membrane dysfunction, which was evidenced by intracellular ATP concentration decrease, pHin reduction, cell membrane hyperpolarization and changes in cellular morphology. These findings indicated that SA has potential to be developed as a natural preservative to control C. sakazakii in foods associated with this pathogen and prevent related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kaikuo Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Miaochun Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
1997
|
Raina AP, Abraham Z. Chemical profiling of essential oil ofKaempferia galangaL. germplasm from India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1077165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
1998
|
Abstract
Herbal products have gained popularity over the past few decades. The reasons attributed to the rise in popularity are cheaper costs, easy availability, patient compliance and fewer side effects. However, liver toxicity following consumption of herbal remedies is on the increase. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism of action of the herbal supplements on the liver. Occasionally, herbal supplements may also interact with conventional drugs. The present review focusses on a few herbs such as Aloe barbadensis, Atractylis gummifera, Centella asiatica, Mitragyna speciosa, Morinda citrifolia, Larea tridentata, Symphytum officinale, Teucrium chamaedrys and Xanthium strumarium, which are reported to cause hepatotoxicity in humans and animals. Prior knowledge on hepatotoxicity caused by herbs may be beneficial for clinicians and medical practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haszianaliza Haslan
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Man Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Anatomy Discipline, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farihah Haji Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Man Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Man Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
1999
|
Nastasă C, Tiperciuc B, Duma M, Benedec D, Oniga O. New Hydrazones Bearing Thiazole Scaffold: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Investigation. Molecules 2015; 20:17325-38. [PMID: 26393564 PMCID: PMC6332171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New series of hydrazones 5–18 were synthesized, in good yields, by reacting 4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazole-5-carbohydrazide with differently substituted benzaldehyde. The resulting compounds were characterized via elemental analysis, physico-chemical and spectral data. An antimicrobial screening was done, using Gram (+), Gram (−) bacteria and one fungal strain. Tested molecules displayed moderate-to-good growth inhibition activity. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazide assay was used to test the antioxidant properties of the compounds. Monohydroxy (14–16), para-fluorine (13) and 2,4-dichlorine (17) derivatives exhibited better free-radical scavenging ability than the other investigated molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nastasă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy 41 Victor Babeș Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Brîndușa Tiperciuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy 41 Victor Babeș Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Duma
- State Veterinary Laboratory for Animal Health and Safety, 1 Piața Mărăști Street, 400609 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă Street, RO-400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Oniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy 41 Victor Babeș Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
2000
|
Lachman J, Hejtmánková A, Táborský J, Kotíková Z, Pivec V, Střalková R, Vollmannová A, Bojňanská T, Dědina M. Evaluation of oil content and fatty acid composition in the seed of grapevine varieties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|