2001
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Pollard MM, Wesenhagen PV, Pijper D, Feringa BL. On the effect of donor and acceptor substituents on the behaviour of light-driven rotary molecular motors. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1605-12. [DOI: 10.1039/b718294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2002
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Tanaka K, Kinbara K. Toward autonomously operating molecular machines driven by transition-metal catalyst. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:512-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b801621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2003
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Akutagawa T, Nakamura T. Supramolecular approach for solid state Brownian rotators. Dalton Trans 2008:6335-45. [DOI: 10.1039/b808748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2004
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Dacarro G, Pallavicini P, Taglietti A. The pH controlled uptake/release of citrate by a tri-copper(ii) complex. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b813194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2005
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Pollard MM, Meetsma A, Feringa BL. A redesign of light-driven rotary molecular motors. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 6:507-12. [PMID: 18219421 DOI: 10.1039/b715652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of unidirectional light-driven rotary molecular motors in which the naphthalene moieties are exchanged for substituted phenyl moieties are reported. This redesign provides an additional tool to control the speed of the motors, and should enable the design and synthesis of more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Pollard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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2006
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Takebayashi S, Shinkai S, Ikeda M, Takeuchi M. Metal ion induced allosteric transition in the catalytic activity of an artificial phosphodiesterase. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 6:493-9. [PMID: 18219419 DOI: 10.1039/b716196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An artificial phosphodiesterase () bearing two types of metal binding sites, a catalytic site and a regulatory bipyridine site showed a unique allosteric transition in the catalytic activity against the metal concentration. The rate constants for the hydrolysis reaction of 2-hydroxypropyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP) and RNA dimer (ApA) with and without an effector metal ion were evaluated; the k(obs) value of HPNP hydrolysis for .(Zn(2+))(3) (2.0 x 10(-4) s(-1)) is 3.3 times larger than that for .(Zn(2+))(2). In the case of and Cu(2+), a 19.4 times larger k(obs) value was obtained for .(Cu(2+))(3) (1.2 x 10(-3) s(-1)) against .(Cu(2+))(2). The increase in the catalytic activity is ascribed to the allosteric conformational transition of induced by the coordination of effector metal ion to the Bpy moiety. A detailed investigation revealed that a conformational change of induced by the third M(2+) complexation enhances the rate of hydrolysis rather than a change in the substrate affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takebayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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2007
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Astumian RD. Adiabatic operation of a molecular machine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:19715-19718. [PMCID: PMC2148363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Operation of a molecular machine is often thought of as a “far from equilibrium” process in which energy released by some high free energy fuel molecule or by light is used to drive a nonequilibrium “power stroke” to do work on the environment. Here we discuss how a molecular machine can be operated arbitrarily close to chemical equilibrium and still perform significant work at an appreciable rate: micrometer per second velocities against piconewton loads. As a specific example, we focus on a motor based on a three-ring catenane similar to that discussed by Leigh [Leigh DA, Wong JKY, Dehez F, Zerbetto F (2003) Nature 424:174–179]. The machine moves through its working cycle under the influence of external modulation of the energies of the states, where the modulation is carried out slowly enough that the state probabilities obey a Boltzmann equilibrium distribution at every instant. The mechanism can be understood in terms of the geometric phase [Berry MV (1990) Phys Today 43(12):34–40] in which the system moves adiabatically around a closed loop in parameter space, completing, on average, nearly one-half mechanical cycle each time it does so. Because the system is very close to equilibrium at every instant, the efficiency can approach 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709
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2008
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Filliger R, Reimann P. Brownian gyrator: a minimal heat engine on the nanoscale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:230602. [PMID: 18233350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.230602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A Brownian particle moving in the vicinity of a generic potential minimum under the influence of dissipation and thermal noise from two different heat baths is shown to act as a minimal heat engine, generating a systematic torque onto the physical object at the origin of the potential and an opposite torque onto the medium generating the dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Filliger
- Engineering and Information Technology, Berne University of Applied Sciences, 2501 Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
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2009
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zehm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
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2010
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Miljanić O, Dichtel W, Aprahamian I, Rohde R, Agnew H, Heath J, Fraser Stoddart J. Rotaxanes and Catenanes by Click Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200740070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2011
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Zhu L, Ma X, Ji F, Wang Q, Tian H. Effective Enhancement of Fluorescence Signals in Rotaxane-Doped Reversible Hydrosol–Gel Systems. Chemistry 2007; 13:9216-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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2012
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Zhong YW, Vila N, Henderson JC, Flores-Torres S, Abruña HD. Dinuclear Transition-Metal Terpyridine Complexes with a Dithienylcyclo- pentene Bridge Directed toward Molecular Electronic Applications. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:10470-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wu Zhong
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Neus Vila
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Jay C. Henderson
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Samuel Flores-Torres
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Héctor D. Abruña
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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2013
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Mateo-Alonso A, Guldi D, Paolucci F, Prato M. Fullerene: vielseitige Bausteine für molekulare Maschinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2014
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Speer D, Eichhorn R, Reimann P. Transient chaos induces anomalous transport properties of an underdamped Brownian particle. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:051110. [PMID: 18233626 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For an underdamped Brownian particle in a one-dimensional periodic potential we theoretically predict three unusual transport properties: (i) A static bias force (of either sign) generates an average particle motion in the opposite direction. (ii) A small bias leads to a particle transport in the direction of the bias, but upon increasing the bias the particle velocity reverses direction. (iii) For a given bias force, the particle motion follows the direction of the force for low temperatures, but upon increasing the temperature reverses its direction. The considered model is shown to be minimal for the occurrence of these phenomena. A detailed analysis of its deterministic properties and the influence of thermal noise is carried out with numerical simulations that are complemented by analytical approximations. Intuitive explanations of the basic mechanism behind the three effects are provided; their origin is attributed to a subtle interplay between the stability of coexisting attractors, noise induced metastability, and transient chaos. An experimental system for the realization of the predicted effects is given within the Stewart-McCumber model for Josephson junctions. Suitable parameter values for which these effects can be observed are quite realistic experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Speer
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Physik, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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2015
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Blanco V, Chas M, Abella D, Peinador C, Quintela JM. Molecular Catenation via Metal-Directed Self-Assembly and π-Donor/π-Acceptor Interactions: Efficient One-Pot Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of [3]Catenanes Based on Pd or Pt Dinuclear Metallocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13978-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Blanco
- Contribution from the Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcos Chas
- Contribution from the Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Dolores Abella
- Contribution from the Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Contribution from the Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José M. Quintela
- Contribution from the Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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2016
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Balzani V, Credi A, Venturi M. Processing Energy and Signals by Molecular and Supramolecular Systems. Chemistry 2007; 14:26-39. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2017
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Aprahamian I, Miljanic OŠ, Dichtel WR, Isoda K, Yasuda T, Kato T, Stoddart JF. Clicked Interlocked Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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2018
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Hattori G, Hori T, Miyake Y, Nishibayashi Y. Design and Preparation of a Chiral Ligand Based on a Pseudorotaxane Skeleton: Application to Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Enamides. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12930-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja075231l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Hattori
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tetsuharu Hori
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2019
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2020
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Davies MW, Clarke AJ, Clarkson GJ, Shipman M, Tucker JHR. Umbrella motion in aziridines: use of simple chemical inputs to reversibly control the rate of pyramidal inversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:5078-80. [PMID: 18049759 DOI: 10.1039/b712447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular motion associated with atomic inversion at an aziridine nitrogen can be essentially halted by metal complexation; addition of a second chemical input that decomplexes the metal from the aziridine restores fast inversion (k=40 s(-1) at 303 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL
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2021
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Oligonuclear Amide-bridged Ferrocenes fromN-Fmoc Protected 1-Amino-1′-fluorocarbonyl Ferrocene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2022
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2023
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Horie M, Sassa T, Hashizume D, Suzaki Y, Osakada K, Wada T. A crystalline supramolecular switch: controlling the optical anisotropy through the collective dynamic motion of molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4983-6. [PMID: 17526032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Horie
- Supramolecular Science Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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2024
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Blight BA, Wei X, Wisner JA, Jennings MC. [2]Pseudorotaxane and [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles: Self-Assembly through Second-Sphere Coordination of Thiocyanate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:8445-7. [PMID: 17880063 DOI: 10.1021/ic701021p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Pd(Py)(2)(SCN)(2) complex is shown to form a [2]pseudorotaxane complex with a macrocyclic tetralactam, which binds in the solid state through an unexpected complexation geometry. The intermolecular complexation is further applied to template the formation of a [2]rotaxane. The interlocked product acts as a degenerate molecular shuttle in solution, which is consistent with the co-conformation observed in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Blight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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2025
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Frey J, Kraus T, Heitz V, Sauvage JP. Synthesis of a Bis-macrocycle Containing Two Back-to-Back Rigidly Connected 1,10-Phenanthroline Units as a Central Core and its Incorporation in a Handcuff-Like Catenane. Chemistry 2007; 13:7584-94. [PMID: 17694529 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A bis-macrocycle containing two back-to-back connected 1,10-phenanthroline chelates has been prepared. The synthetic strategy involves the preparation of a monocyclic precursor consisting of a 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione fragment incorporated in a 30-membered ring. This important intermediate has been prepared via two distinct routes, both strategies relying on the use of a ketal as a 1,2-dione protective group. A four-component condensation reaction between two molecules of the macrocyclic dione and two equivalents of ammonia (used in large excess) in the presence of a reducing agent (Na(2)S(2)O(4)) leads to the desired bis-ring in good yield. The most direct synthetic route allows preparation of the bis-macrocycle in seven steps from 1,10-phenanthroline in an overall yield of 14 %. Using the now well-established "gathering and threading" effect of copper(I), a doubly threaded species could be obtained in quantitative yield, in which each ring of the bis-macrocycle is threaded by a "molecular string". These fragments bear terminal allylic groups, which are used to prepare the final catenane by performing a double ring-closing metathesis reaction. This final cyclisation reaction is high yielding and affords the desired catenane consisting of a bis-macrocycle of which the two cyclic units are threaded by a large ring. The compound has been fully characterised by classical techniques. Electronic spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements suggest that the two copper complex subunits do not interact electronically, in spite of the aromatic nature of the bridging ligand between the two metal centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Frey
- Institut de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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2026
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Hess GD, Hampel F, Gladysz JA. Octahedral Gyroscope-Like Molecules with M(CO)3(X) Rotators Encased in Three-Spoked Diphosphine Stators: Syntheses by Alkene Metathesis/Hydrogenation Sequences, Structures, Dynamic Properties, and Reactivities. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700625u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela D. Hess
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
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2027
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Nishihara S, Akutagawa T, Sato D, Takeda S, Noro SI, Nakamura T. Multirotations of (Anilinium)([18]Crown-6) Supramolecular Cation Structure in Magnetic Salt of [Ni(dmit)2]−. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1083-90. [PMID: 17676564 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A solid-state dynamic supramolecular structure consisting of (anilinium)([18]crown-6) was arranged as the cation in a salt of [Ni(dmit)2]- (dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate). With the ammonium moiety of anilinium located within the cavity of [18]crown-6, a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structure is formed, with an orthogonal arrangement between the pi plane of anilinium and the mean O6 plane of [18]crown-6. In this supramolecular cation, both anilinium and [18]crown-6 act as dynamic units with different rotational modes in the solid state. The uniform stacks of cations form an antiparallel arrangement, thus producing a layer structure. Sufficient space for the 180 degree flip-flop motion of the phenyl ring and the rotation of [18]crown-6 was observed in the cation layer. Thermally activated 180 degree flip-flop motions, with a frequency of 6 MHz at room temperature and an activation energy of 31 kJ mol(-1), were confirmed by temperature-dependent 2H NMR spectra of ([D5]anilinium)-([18]crown-6)[Ni(dmit)2]. A double-minimum potential for the molecular rotation of anilinium, with a barrier of approximately 40 kJ mol(-1), was indicated by ab initio calculations. The wide-line 1H NMR spectra indicated a thermally activated rotation of [18]crown-6 at temperatures above 250 K. Therefore, multiple molecular motions of the 180 degree flip-flop motion of the phenyl ring and the rotation of [18]crown-6 occur simultaneously in the solid state. The temperature-dependent dielectric constants revealed that the molecular motion of [18]crown-6, other than the flip-flop motion, dominates the dielectric response in the measured temperature and frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadafumi Nishihara
- Graduate Schools of Environmental and Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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2028
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Liang YY, Jiang F, Zhou YX, Chen H, Note R, Mizuseki H, Kawazoe Y. Ab initiostudy of single-molecule rotation switch based on nonequilibrium Green’s function theory. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:084107. [PMID: 17764229 DOI: 10.1063/1.2771156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bistable molecular switches have been studied theoretically based on the first-principles calculation. The geometry structures of the switches studied in this paper can be triggered between two symmetrical structures by using an external applied electric field. I-V characteristic curves of the different molecule configurations have been calculated, and distinguishability of these characteristic curves indicates a switching behavior, the performance of which can be improved significantly by some suitable donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liang
- Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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2029
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Antal T, Krapivsky PL, Mallick K. Molecular Spiders in One Dimension. JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS (ONLINE) 2007; 2007:P08027. [PMID: 19079565 PMCID: PMC2597816 DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2007/08/p08027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular spiders are synthetic bio-molecular systems which have "legs" made of short single-stranded segments of DNA. Spiders move on a surface covered with single-stranded DNA segments complementary to legs. Different mappings are established between various models of spiders and simple exclusion processes. For spiders with simple gait and varying number of legs we compute the diffusion coefficient; when the hopping is biased we also compute their velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Antal
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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2030
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Nygaard S, Laursen B, Hansen T, Bond A, Flood A, Jeppesen J. Preparation of Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)-Based [2]Rotaxanes Without Flexible Glycol Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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2031
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Nygaard S, Laursen BW, Hansen TS, Bond AD, Flood AH, Jeppesen JO. Preparation of Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)-Based [2]Rotaxanes Without Flexible Glycol Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6093-7. [PMID: 17628474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sune Nygaard
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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2032
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Nuñez JE, Natarajan A, Khan SI, Garcia-Garibay MA. Synthesis of a Triply-Bridged Molecular Gyroscope by a Directed Meridional Cyclization Strategy. Org Lett 2007; 9:3559-61. [PMID: 17672472 DOI: 10.1021/ol071379y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A crystalline triply bridged molecular gyroscope has been prepared and analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A convergent synthetic strategy was developed to control the direction of the three bridges, from the preferred two zonal and one meridional arrangement of a one-step cylclization process to the directed three meridional bridges achieved by a north-south desymmetrization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Nuñez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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2033
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2034
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Astumian RD. Symmetry relations for trajectories of a Brownian motor. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:020102. [PMID: 17929996 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A Brownian motor is a nanoscale or molecular device that combines the effects of thermal noise, spatial or temporal asymmetry, and directionless input energy to drive directed motion. Because of the input energy, Brownian motors function away from thermodynamic equilibrium and concepts such as linear response theory, fluctuation dissipation relations, and detailed balance do not apply. The generalized fluctuation-dissipation relation, however, states that even under strongly thermodynamically nonequilibrium conditions the ratio of the probability of a transition to the probability of the time reverse of that transition is the exponential of the change in the internal energy of the system due to the transition. Here, we derive an extension of the generalized fluctuation dissipation theorem for a Brownian motor for the ratio between the probability for the motor to take a forward step and the probability to take a backward step.
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2035
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Abstract
A new general interweaving anion templation strategy for the formation of interpenetrated and interlocked architectures is presented. Furthermore, the functional properties of the resulting systems, which have novel anion binding and sensory properties, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lankshear
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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2036
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Antal T, Krapivsky PL. Molecular spiders with memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:021121. [PMID: 17930020 PMCID: PMC2546873 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.021121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biomolecular spiders with "legs" made of single-stranded segments of DNA can move on a surface which is also covered by single-stranded segments of DNA complementary to the leg DNA. In experimental realizations, when a leg detaches from a segment of the surface for the first time it alters that segment, and legs subsequently bind to these altered segments more weakly. Inspired by these experiments, we investigate spiders moving along a one-dimensional substrate, whose legs leave newly visited sites at a slower rate than revisited sites. For a random walk (one-leg spider), the slowdown does not affect the long time behavior. For a bipedal spider, however, the slowdown generates an effective bias toward unvisited sites, and the spider behaves similarly to the excited walk. Surprisingly, the slowing down of the spider at new sites increases the diffusion coefficient and accelerates the growth of the number of visited sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Antal
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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2037
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2038
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2039
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Abstract
Molecular switches and motors are essential components of artificial molecular machines. In this perspective, we discuss progress in our design, synthesis, and functioning of photochemical and electrochemical switches and chemical and light-driven molecular motors. Special emphasis is given to the control of a range of functions and properties, including luminescence, self-assembly, motion, color, conductance, transport, and chirality. We will also discuss our efforts to control mechanical movement at the molecular level, a feature that is at the heart of molecular motors and machines. The anchoring of molecular motors on surfaces and molecular motors at work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben L Feringa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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2040
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Using ruthenium-catalysed propargylic substitutions for the efficient syntheses of rotaxanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2041
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Horie M, Sassa T, Hashizume D, Suzaki Y, Osakada K, Wada T. A Crystalline Supramolecular Switch: Controlling the Optical Anisotropy through the Collective Dynamic Motion of Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2042
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Baranoff ED, Voignier J, Yasuda T, Heitz V, Sauvage JP, Kato T. A Liquid-Crystalline [2]Catenane and Its Copper(I) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4680-3. [PMID: 17476640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne D Baranoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2043
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Baranoff E, Voignier J, Yasuda T, Heitz V, Sauvage JP, Kato T. A Liquid-Crystalline [2]Catenane and Its Copper(I) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2044
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Malinovskii VL, Samain F, Häner R. Helical Arrangement of Interstrand Stacked Pyrenes in a DNA Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4464-7. [PMID: 17510989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Malinovskii
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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2045
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Malinovskii V, Samain F, Häner R. Helical Arrangement of Interstrand Stacked Pyrenes in a DNA Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2046
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Collin JP, Durola F, Mobian P, Sauvage JP. Pirouetting Copper(I)-Assembled Pseudo-Rotaxanes: Strong Influence of the Axle Structure on the Motion Rate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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2047
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Pace G, Ferri V, Grave C, Elbing M, von Hänisch C, Zharnikov M, Mayor M, Rampi MA, Samorì P. Cooperative light-induced molecular movements of highly ordered azobenzene self-assembled monolayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9937-42. [PMID: 17535889 PMCID: PMC1891213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703748104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochromic systems can convert light energy into mechanical energy, thus they can be used as building blocks for the fabrication of prototypes of molecular devices that are based on the photomechanical effect. Hitherto a controlled photochromic switch on surfaces has been achieved either on isolated chromophores or within assemblies of randomly arranged molecules. Here we show by scanning tunneling microscopy imaging the photochemical switching of a new terminally thiolated azobiphenyl rigid rod molecule. Interestingly, the switching of entire molecular 2D crystalline domains is observed, which is ruled by the interactions between nearest neighbors. This observation of azobenzene-based systems displaying collective switching might be of interest for applications in high-density data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pace
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 7006, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Louis Pasteur, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Violetta Ferri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christian Grave
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mark Elbing
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; and
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - Maria Anita Rampi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - Paolo Samorì
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 7006, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Louis Pasteur, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
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2048
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Wintjes N, Bonifazi D, Cheng F, Kiebele A, Stöhr M, Jung T, Spillmann H, Diederich F. A Supramolecular Multiposition Rotary Device. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4089-92. [PMID: 17450517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Wintjes
- Institute of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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2049
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Wintjes N, Bonifazi D, Cheng F, Kiebele A, Stöhr M, Jung T, Spillmann H, Diederich F. A Supramolecular Multiposition Rotary Device. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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2050
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Lankshear MD, Evans NH, Bayly SR, Beer PD. Anion-Templated Calix[4]arene-Based Pseudorotaxanes and Catenanes. Chemistry 2007; 13:3861-70. [PMID: 17415740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the rational design and anion-binding properties of the first anion-templated pseudorotaxanes and catenanes in which the "wheel" component is provided by a calix[4]arene macrobicyclic unit. The designs and syntheses of two new calix[4]arene macrobicycles, 2 and 3, are presented, and the abilities of these new species both to bind anions and to undergo anion-dependent pseudorotaxane formation are demonstrated. Furthermore, it is shown that performing ring-closing metathesis reactions on some of these pseudorotaxane assemblies gives novel catenane species 14 and 15, in which the yield of interlocked molecule obtained is critically dependent on the presence of a suitable anion template, namely, chloride. Exchange of the chloride anion in catenane 14 a for hexafluorophosphate gives catenane 14 d, which contains a unique anion-binding domain defined by the permanently interlocked hydrogen-bond-donating calix[4]arene macrobicycle and pyridinium macrocycle fragments. The anion-binding properties of this domain are presented, and shown to differ from non-interlocked components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lankshear
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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