2201
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Sahib AS. Anti-diabetic and antioxidant effect of cinnamon in poorly controlled type-2 diabetic Iraqi patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:108-13. [PMID: 27104030 PMCID: PMC4835984 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160217044511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of cinnamon on fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, and oxidative stress markers in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 25 type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes, aged 49.1 ± 6.0, treated only with hypoglycemic agent sulfonylurea (glibenclamide) were randomly assigned to receive either 1 g of cinnamon or placebo daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS A highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) reduction (10.12%) of fasting blood glucose level after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment 10.12% and 17.4%, respectively, compared to baseline value and to placebo group at corresponding duration. Meanwhile, the value of glycosylated Hb reduced in cinnamon treated group by (2.625%) and (8.25%) after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, although this reduction was non-significant compared to baseline value. Concerning the oxidative stress markers, the level of serum glutathione showed highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) elevation after 12 weeks as compared to baseline value and placebo group at corresponding duration, malondialdehyde serum level decreased after treatment of diabetic patients with cinnamon resulted in highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) reduction after 6 and 12 weeks compared to placebo group, but when compared to baseline value, there is a (15%) reduction only after 12 weeks of treatment which was considered highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) change, Finally, administration of cinnamon to diabetic patients for 12 weeks resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) elevation of superoxide dismutase level. CONCLUSION Intake of 1 g of cinnamon for 12 weeks reduces fasting blood glucose and glycosylated Hb among poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients, as well as, there is improvement in the oxidative stress markers, indicating the beneficial effect of adjuvant cinnamon as anti-diabetic and antioxidant along with conventional medications to treat poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salih Sahib
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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2202
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Michel JL, Caceres A, Mahady GB. Ethnomedical research and review of Q'eqchi Maya women's reproductive health in the Lake Izabal region of Guatemala: Past, present and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:307-322. [PMID: 26680589 PMCID: PMC4729212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Central America, most Maya women use ethnomedicines for all aspects of their reproductive cycle including menstruation, pregnancy and menopause. However, very few of these plants have been documented, collected and tested in appropriate pharmacological assays to determine possible safety and efficacy. The aim of this work was to provide an overview of information on the ethnomedical uses, ethnopharmacology, chemistry and pharmacological research for medicinal plants used for women's reproductive health in Guatemala, with a special emphasis on the Q'eqchi Maya of the Lake Izabal region, to demonstrate therapeutic potential and support future research in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reviews of the ethnobotanical, ethnomedical and ethnopharmacological literature were performed for 30 plants collected in the Lake Izabal region of Guatemala and used by the Q'eqchi Maya for treatment of reproductive health issues were performed up to and including July 2015 using multiple databases, library searches for abstracts, books, dissertations, and websites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Review of the published research confirms that many of the plants used by Q'eqchi Maya women for the management of reproductive health issues have pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic, progestagenic and/or serotonergic effects, that support the use of these plants and provide plausible mechanisms of action for their traditional uses. Furthermore, a new serotonin agonist, 9, 10-methylenedioxy-5, 6-Z-fadyenolide was isolated, thereby demonstrating an untapped potential for drug discovery. However, to date much of the pharmacological assays have been in vitro only, and few in vivo studies have been performed. Considering the large percentage of the Maya population in Guatemala that use traditional medicines, there remains a significant lack of pharmacological and toxicological data for these plants. Future research should focus on the safety and efficacy of medicinal plants using in vivo preclinical studies and clinical trials, as well as chemical analysis. Since medicinal plants from the Piperaceae are most commonly used as traditional medicines by the Q'eqchi Maya women, and new bioactive compounds have been identified from Piper species, investigations of commonly used plants from this family would be an appropriate place to start. Data generated from such studies would contribute to Guatemala's national effort to promote a complementary relationship between traditional Maya medicine and public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Michel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Armando Caceres
- School of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Pharmacy, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood St., MC 877, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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2203
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Acharya KP, Nirmal BK, Kaphle K, Mahato MK, Yadav GP, Rana HB. Prevalence of gastrointestinal and liver parasites in yaks in the cold desert area of lower Mustang, Nepal. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2204
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Akyol S, Gulec MA, Erdemli HK, Akyol O. Can propolis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester be promising agents against cyclophosphamide toxicity? JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:105-7. [PMID: 27069732 PMCID: PMC4805141 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160127024542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a mixture having hundreds of polyphenols including caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). They have been using in several medical conditions/diseases in both in vitro and in vivo experimental setup. Cyclophosphamide (CP) has been used to treat a broad of malignancies including Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ewing's sarcoma, breast cancer, testicular cancer, etc. It may cause several side effects after treatment. In this mini review, the protective effects of propolis and CAPE were compared each other in terms of effectiveness against CP-induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- Department of Medical Biology, Turgut Ozal University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Gulec
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haci Kemal Erdemli
- Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Corum Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Omer Akyol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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2205
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Palakkod Govindan V, Panduranga AN, Krishna Murthy P. Assessment of in vivo antimalarial activity of arteether and garlic oil combination therapy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:359-364. [PMID: 28955843 PMCID: PMC5600459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluates in vivo antimalarial activity of arteether and garlic pearl oil combination in Plasmodium berghei-infected mouse model of malaria. 72 h (Day 3) post infection, at 2–4% parasitemia, mice were treated with single dose intramuscular injection of α-β arteether, at 750 μg, in combination with three 100 μL oral doses of garlic pearl oil on Day 3, Day 4 and Day 5. Following the treatment, 100% protection and survival of mice were observed. Inhibition of parasitemia in combination treated animals and protection during recrudescence interval of α-β arteether monotherapy was observed in Giemsa-stained blood smears. In addition, a striking increase in anti-parasite antibody IgG contributing protective immunity during the recrudescence phase was observed. These results correlate with western blot analysis, where sera from the recrudescence stage and later period of arteether and garlic oil combination treated animals found to interact with several parasite specific proteins as compared to controls. The present approach shows that arteether and garlic pearl oil combination provides complete protection in P. berghei-infected mice. Thus, for the first time, garlic pearl oil appears to be an ideal antimalarial candidate in artemisinin combination therapy. Garlic pearl oil enhanced antimalarial activity of α-β arteether. Garlic pearl oil and α-β arteether combination effectively evaded recrudescence. Garlic pearl oil and α-β arteether combination may elicit immunomodulatory effect. This combination therapy resulted in a striking increase in anti-parasite antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vathsala Palakkod Govindan
- Undergraduate Programme, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence to: Undergraduate Programme, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012, India.
| | - Aditya Nayak Panduranga
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellow, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - P. Krishna Murthy
- Undergraduate Programme, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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2206
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Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:1-21. [PMID: 27560446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis. Unabsorbed flavanols, and ones that undergo enterohepatic recycling, will proceed to the colon where they can exert prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. Interactions with the gut microbiota may improve gut barrier function, resulting in attenuated endotoxin absorption. Cocoa may also positively influence insulin signaling, possibly by relieving insulin-signaling pathways from oxidative stress and inflammation and/or via a heightened incretin response. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie these outcomes, critically review the current body of literature related to those mechanisms, explore the implications of these mechanisms for therapeutic utility, and identify emerging or needed areas of research that could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of cocoa flavanols.
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2207
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Bento EB, Júnior FEDB, de Oliveira DR, Fernandes CN, de Araújo Delmondes G, Cesário FRAS, Rodrigues CKDS, Sales VDS, de Figueiredo FRSDN, Lemos ICS, Monteiro ÁB, de Menezes IRA, da Costa JGM, Kerntopf MR. Antiulcerogenic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Annona muricata Linnaeus in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:609-621. [PMID: 29736140 PMCID: PMC5935863 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata Linnaeus, popularly known as “graviola” and also called soursop, is a species typical of countries with a tropical climate, and it is used in folk medicine as an anticancer, analgesic and antispasmodic agent. The aim of the present study was to validate the gastroprotective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of A. muricata (HEAM) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action for this effect. Gastric lesions were induced in mice by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin. Before, the animals were pretreated with saline, omeprazole or HEAM orally at doses of 50–400 mg/kg. To determine the mechanism of action of the extract, we investigated, using specific inhibitors, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PGEs), ATP-dependent K+ channels and α2-noradrenergic receptors. HEAM showed significant antiulcer activity against lesions induced by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin, which was mediated by endogenous gastric prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizângela Beneval Bento
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Francisco Elizaudo de Brito Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Dayanne Rakelly de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Cícera Norma Fernandes
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Kelly de Sousa Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Valterlúcio Dos Santos Sales
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | | | - Izabel Cristina Santiago Lemos
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Álefe Brito Monteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Laboratory of Research in Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato (CE), Brazil
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2208
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Lawal B, Shittu OK, Abubakar AN, Olalekan IA, Jimoh AM, Abdulazeez AK. Drug leads agents from methanol extract of Nigerian bee (Apis mellifera) propolis. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:43-8. [PMID: 27069724 PMCID: PMC4805146 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20151208122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is a bee (Apis mellifera) product of plant origin with varied chemical composition depending on the ecology of the botanical origin. It has been reported in literature to possess various therapeutic effects both traditionally, clinical trial, and animal study. OBJECTIVES In the present study bioactive principle in methanol extract of Nigerian bee (A. mellifera) propolis was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanol extract of Nigerian bee (A. mellifera) propolis was characterized for its chemical composition by preliminary phytochemicals screening and GC/MS analysis using standard procedures and methods. RESULTS Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones phlobatannins, and steroids while GC/MS chromatogram revealed nineteen peaks representing 60 different chemical compounds. The first compounds identified with less retention time (RT) (13.33s) were methyl tetradecanoate, tridecanoic acid, methyl ester, decanoic acid, methyl ester while squalene, all-trans-squalene, 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E,E)- and farnesol isomer a took longest RT (23.647s) to identify. Methyl 14-methylpentadecanoate, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, methyl isoheptadecanoate, and methyl tridecanoate were the most concentrated constituent as revealed by there peak height (26.01%) while eicosanoic acid was the least concentrated (peak height 0.81%) constituent of Nigerian bee propolis. CONCLUSION The presence of these chemical principles is an indication that methanol extract of Nigeria bee propolis, if properly screened could yield a drug of pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Kudirat Shittu
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Asmau Niwoye Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Azeez Olalekan
- Department of Forestry Technology, Federal College of Wild Life Management, New Bussa, Niger
| | | | - Adeniyi Kamoru Abdulazeez
- Department of Biological Science, Applied Parsiitology and Entomology Unit, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
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2209
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2210
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Lim SL, Goh YM, Noordin MM, Rahman HS, Othman HH, Abu Bakar NA, Mohamed S. Morinda citrifolia edible leaf extract enhanced immune response against lung cancer. Food Funct 2016; 7:741-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the search for functional foods as complementary therapies against lung cancer, the immuno-stimulatory properties of the vegetable Morinda citrifolia leaves were investigated and compared with the anti-cancer drug erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Ling Lim
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | | | - Heshu S. Rahman
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Hemn H. Othman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Abu Bakar
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
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2211
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Yadav M, Gulkari VD, Wanjari MM. Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Extracts Prevent Formation of Renal Calculi in Lithiatic Rats. Anc Sci Life 2016; 36:90-97. [PMID: 28446830 PMCID: PMC5382824 DOI: 10.4103/asl.asl_90_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bryophyllum pinnatum, commonly known as Pattharcaṭṭa, is used traditionally in ethnomedicinal practices for the treatment of kidney stone and urinary insufficiency. AIM The present study evaluated the effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum on ethylene glycol (EG)-induced renal calculi in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal calculi were induced in rats by administration of 0.75% EG in drinking water and co-treated orally with standard drug, Cystone (750 mg/kg), or alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. Weekly body weights were recorded. On day 29, urolithiasis was confirmed by assessing the urinary parameters (urine volume, pH, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, oxalate, magnesium and creatinine clearance), serum biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium), oxidative stress parameters and histology of kidney. RESULTS Treatment with extracts attenuated the EG-induced decrease in body weight and elevation in urinary parameters (uric acid, calcium, phosphorus and oxalate) and serum biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium). Extract treatment also reversed EG-induced decrease in urine volume, pH, magnesium and creatinine clearance, oxidative and histological damages in kidneys. Results were comparable to standard drug, Cystone. Results indicated that EG administration caused renal calculi formation which is prevented by treatment with extracts. The observed antilithiatic effect may be attributed to the presence of high content of phenolics, flavonoids and saponins in the extracts. CONCLUSION Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves showed preventive effect against renal calculi formation and validates its ethnomedicinal use in urinary disorders. It further supports its therapeutic potential for the treatment of urinary calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, J. L. Chaturvedi College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay D Gulkari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, J. L. Chaturvedi College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish M Wanjari
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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2212
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Singh S, Sharma B, Kanwar SS, Kumar A. Lead Phytochemicals for Anticancer Drug Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1667. [PMID: 27877185 PMCID: PMC5099879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious concern at present. A large number of patients die each year due to cancer illnesses in spite of several interventions available. Development of an effective and side effects lacking anticancer therapy is the trending research direction in healthcare pharmacy. Chemical entities present in plants proved to be very potential in this regard. Bioactive phytochemicals are preferential as they pretend differentially on cancer cells only, without altering normal cells. Carcinogenesis is a complex process and includes multiple signaling events. Phytochemicals are pleiotropic in their function and target these events in multiple manners; hence they are most suitable candidate for anticancer drug development. Efforts are in progress to develop lead candidates from phytochemicals those can block or retard the growth of cancer without any side effect. Several phytochemicals manifest anticancer function in vitro and in vivo. This article deals with these lead phytomolecules with their action mechanisms on nuclear and cellular factors involved in carcinogenesis. Additionally, druggability parameters and clinical development of anticancer phytomolecules have also been discussed.
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2213
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Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM, Ahmed SA, Lamsabhi AM. A phytochemical and computational study on flavonoids isolated from Trifolium resupinatum L. and their novel hepatoprotective activity. Food Funct 2016; 7:2094-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plants from the genus Trifolium have been utilized in the treatment of chronic diseases by many cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin M. Kamel
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco
- Madrid
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division
- Zoology Department
- Faculty of Science
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
| | - Sayed A. Ahmed
- Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco
- Madrid
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2214
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Hussain SA, Sulaiman AA, Alhaddad H, Alhadidi Q. Natural polyphenols: Influence on membrane transporters. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:97-104. [PMID: 27069731 PMCID: PMC4805155 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160118062127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has focused on the use of natural polyphenolic compounds as nutraceuticals since they showed a wide range of bioactivities and exhibited protection against variety of age-related disorders. Polyphenols have variable potencies to interact, and hence alter the activities of various transporter proteins, many of them classified as anion transporting polypeptide-binding cassette transporters like multidrug resistance protein and p-glycoprotein. Some of the efflux transporters are, generally, linked with anticancer and antiviral drug resistance; in this context, polyphenols may be beneficial in modulating drug resistance by increasing the efficacy of anticancer and antiviral drugs. In addition, these effects were implicated to explain the influence of dietary polyphenols on drug efficacy as result of food-drug interactions. However, limited data are available about the influence of these components on uptake transporters. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review the potential efficacies of polyphenols in modulating the functional integrity of uptake transporter proteins, including those terminated the effect of neurotransmitters, and their possible influence in neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Abdulrahman Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Amal Ajaweed Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Qasim Alhadidi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
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2215
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Dinda B, Das N, Dinda S, Dinda M, SilSarma I. The genus Sida L. - A traditional medicine: Its ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological data for commercial exploitation in herbal drugs industry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:135-176. [PMID: 26497766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sida L. (Malvaceae) has been used for centuries in traditional medicines in different countries for the prevention and treatment of different diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal and urinary infections, malarial and other fevers, childbirth and miscarriage problems, skin ailments, cardiac and neural problems, asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory problems, weight loss aid, rheumatic and other inflammations, tuberculosis, etc. AIMS OF THIS REVIEW To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic potential of Sida L. and to identify the gaps of future research needs. METHODS The available information on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Sida species was collected via a library and electronic searches in SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar for the period, 1933-2015. RESULTS A variety of ethnomedicinal uses of Sida species have been found in India, China, Afrian and American countries. Phytochemical investigation of this genus has resulted in identification of about 142 chemical constituents, among which alkaloids, flavonoids and ecdysteroids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and isolates have exhibited a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects involving antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, abortifacient, neuroprotective, cardiovascular and cardioprotective, antimalarial, antitubercular, antidiabetic and antiobesity, antioxidant and nephroprotective activities among others. Ethnopharmacological preparations containing Sida species as an ingredient in India, African and American countries possess good efficacy in health disorders. From the toxicity perspective, only three Sida species have been assessed and found safe for oral use in rats. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological results supported some of the uses of Sida species in the traditional medicine. Alkaloids, flavonoids, other phenolics and ecdysteroids were perhaps responsible for the activities of extracts of the plants of this genus. No clinical study was reported. The detailed study on mechanism of action of isolates and extracts and their clinical study are needed for their use in modern medicine. More attention should be paid to Sida acuta, Sida cordifolia, Sida spinosa, Sida rhombifolia and Sida veronicaefolia in the domain of diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal and urinary infections, skin ailments, asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory problems, malaria, childbirth and miscarriage problems, cardiac and neural problems, weight loss aid, and rheumatic and other inflammations, etc. Furthermore, detailed study on quality and safety assurance data on available ethnopharmacological preparations is needed for their commercial exploitation in local and global markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala 799022, Tripura, India.
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur 799114, Gomati Tripura, India
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Lalchera, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Indrajit SilSarma
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala 799022, Tripura, India
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2216
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Ketcha Wanda GJM, Djiogue S, Gamo FZ, Ngitedem SG, Njamen D. Anxiolytic and sedative activities of aqueous leaf extract of Dichrocephala integrifolia (Asteraceae) in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:494-498. [PMID: 26602454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dichrocephala integrifolia (Asteraceae) is commonly used in the folk medicine in Cameroon to treat various ailments including headaches, jaundice, filariasis, neuritis and children's night agitation. It is also known to have anxiolytic properties. Since there were no scientific data supporting the above claims, we therefore aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic and sedative effects of the aqueous leaf extract of D. integrifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract used was obtained after maceration of leaves of D. integrifolia in water at room temperature. The anxiolytic effect was tested by the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and Open Field tests while the sedative effect was evaluated by the diazepam-induced sleep test. RESULTS D. integrifolia significantly induced an increase in the percentage of entries into open arms and a decrease in percentage of entries into closed arms at the dose of 22 mg/kg BW. The extract also induced a decrease of rearing and head dipping at the doses of 22 and 40 mg/kg BW during the EPM test. In addition, D. integrifolia extract induced a significant increase of crossing and time spent at the center of the experimental set at the dose of 40 mg/kg BW during the open field test. Lastly, D. integrifolia caused a significant reduction of the latency to sleep and an increase of total sleep time at the doses of 22 and 40 mg/kg BW in the diazepam-induced sleep test. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of D. integrifolia is endowed with anxiolytic and sedative properties, which justify its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sefirin Djiogue
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Franklin Zemo Gamo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Steve Guemnang Ngitedem
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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2217
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Al-Kuraishy HM. Central additive effect of Ginkgo biloba and Rhodiola rosea on psychomotor vigilance task and short-term working memory accuracy. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 5:7-13. [PMID: 27069717 PMCID: PMC4805150 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20151123043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The present study investigates the effect of combined treatment with Ginkgo biloba and/or Rhodiola rosea on psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and short-term working memory accuracy. Subjects and Methods: A total number of 112 volunteers were enrolled to study the effect of G. biloba and R. rosea on PVT and short-term working memory accuracy as compared to placebo effects, the central cognitive effect was assessed by critical flicker-fusion frequency, PVT, and computerized N-back test. Results: Placebo produced no significant effects on all neurocognitive tests measure P > 0.05 in normal healthy volunteers, G. biloba or R. rosea improve PVT and low to moderate working memory accuracy, The combined effect of R. rosea and G. biloba leading to more significant effect on PVT, all levels of short-term working memory accuracy and critical fusion versus flicker P < 0.01, more than of G. biloba or R. rosea when they used alone. Conclusion: The combined effect of R. rosea and G. biloba leading to a more significant effect on cognitive function than either G. biloba or R. rosea when they used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine College of Medicine Al-Mustansiriya University, P.O. Box 14132, Iraq, Baghdad
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2218
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Yadav V, Chatterjee SS, Majeed M, Kumar V. Preventive potentials of piperlongumine and a Piper longum extract against stress responses and pain. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 6:413-423. [PMID: 27774429 PMCID: PMC5067934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare stress resistance increasing and analgesic activities of piperlongumine and a methanolic Piper longum fruit extract (PLE). METHODS Efficacies of a single and repeated daily oral doses (1-256 mg/kg/day) of PLE, piperlongumine, and 50 mg/kg/day doxycycline against foot shock stress triggered alteration in body weights and core temperatures, and of their 11 daily doses on antidepressants like activity in tail suspension test and on pentobarbital induced sedation in male mice were compared. In another experiment, analgesic activities of single and repeated daily 5 mg/kg oral doses of piperlongumine and PLE in mice hot plate test and in acetic acid induced writing tests were compared with those of aspirin and doxycycline. RESULTS After their single oral doses no effects of piperlongumine or PLE or doxycycline were observed in the footshock stress induced hyperthermia test or in hot plate test. However, significant effects of piperlongumine and PLE in both the tests were observed after their 5 or more daily doses. Both of them also dose dependently suppressed daily handling and repetitive testing triggered alterations in body weights and core temperatures. Their doxycycline like antidepressant activity in tail suspension test and aspirin like analgesic effects in acetic acid writhing test were observed after their 11 daily 5 mg/kg oral dose. CONCLUSION Piperlongumine is another bioactive secondary metabolite of P. longum and other plants of piper species with stress response suppressing, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Its bactericidal activities can also contribute to its therapeutically interesting bio-activity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, 19/1, 19/2 1st Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru, 560058, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
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2219
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Antioxidants, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-microbial effects of isolated compounds from Swertia corymbosa (Grieb.) Wight ex C.B. Clark – An in vitro approach. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2220
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Imafidon CE, Akomolafe RO, Abubakar SA, Ogundipe OJ, Olukiran OS, Ayowole OA. Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Nephropathy using Polyphenol-rich Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) Leaves in Rat Model. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:567-77. [PMID: 27275289 PMCID: PMC4877889 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in the kidney tissue of the rats. With marked improvements in renal histoarchitecture, PEVA treatment showed a duration and non dose-dependent ameliorative potential. CONCLUSION PEVA treatment reversed the compromise of renal function that was induced by Cd toxicity in rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Imafidon
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akomolafe
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi A Abubakar
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Medicine, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadare J Ogundipe
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa S Olukiran
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Oladele A Ayowole
- Afe Babalola University - Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
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2221
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Erdemli HK, Akyol S, Armutcu F, Akyol O. Antiviral properties of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and its potential application. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:344-7. [PMID: 26649239 PMCID: PMC4665029 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20151012013034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is found in a variety of plants and well-known the active ingredient of the honeybee propolis. CAPE showed anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimitogenic, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties in several studies. The beneficial effects of CAPE on different health issues attracted scientists to make more studies on CAPE. Specifically, the anti-viral effects of CAPE and its molecular mechanisms may reveal the important properties of virus-induced diseases. CAPE and its targets may have important roles to design new therapeutics and understand the molecular mechanisms of virus-related diseases. In this mini-review, we summarize the antiviral effects of CAPE under the light of medical and chemical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacı Kemal Erdemli
- Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Corum Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Sumeyya Akyol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferah Armutcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Akyol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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2222
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Pirzada AM, Ali HH, Naeem M, Latif M, Bukhari AH, Tanveer A. Cyperus rotundus L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:540-60. [PMID: 26297840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat various clinical conditions at home such as diarrhea, diabetes, pyresis, inflammation, malaria, and stomach and bowel disorders. Currently, it is one of the most widespread, problematic, and economically damaging agronomic weeds, growing wildly in various tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present paper summarizes the available information that will aid in future medicine preparation by identifying active ingredients and their mode of action for a specific therapeutic activity using the latest technologies. MATERIAL AND METHOD This review article is based on the information available on the phytochemical, toxicological, and pharmacological studies on and traditional uses of C. rotundus. The present paper covers the literature available particularly from 2000 to 2015 online (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Web of Science) and in books on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and botany of this plant. RESULTS Phytochemical and pharmacological studies revealed the significance of C. rotundus as an antiandrogenic, antibacterial, anticancerous, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, antimalarial, antimutagenic, antiobesity, antioxidant, anti-uropathogenic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and nootropic agent. This is the most investigated plant worldwide due to the higher concentration of active ingredients in the form of essential oils, phenolic acids, ascorbic acids, and flavonoids in the tuber and rhizomes. Unfortunately, this significant plant species has not been assessed under improved cultivation conditions with the aim of conservation in natural habitats and high quality. CONCLUSION Reports can be found on the ehtnobotanical use of C. rotundus in atherosclerosis, aging, apoptosis, cancer, cystitis, epilepsy, hirsutism, nociception, prostatitis, and genotoxicity disorders. The phytochemical and pharmacological activities of C. rotundus have supported its traditional as well as prospective uses as a valuable Ayurvedic plant. Previous researches focuses on the phytochemistry, biological properties and clinical application of rhizomes and tubers of C. rotundus. However, such studies on the other parts of this medicinally important plant are still quest to be investigate. Furthermore, future study should aim at confirming the clinical activities and safety of this plant before being used for the development of new therapeutic agent in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Masood Pirzada
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asad Hussain Bukhari
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asif Tanveer
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 36000, Punjab, Pakistan
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2223
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Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. A review on the effects of Allium sativum (Garlic) in metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:1147-57. [PMID: 26036599 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a common problem world-wide and includes abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia disorders. It leads to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease. Allium sativum (garlic) has been documented to exhibit anti-diabetic, hypotensive, and hypolipidemic properties. This suggests a potential role of A. sativum in the management of metabolic syndrome; however, more studies should be conducted to evaluate its effectiveness. In this review, we discussed the most relevant articles to find out the role of A. sativum in different components of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Because human reports are rare, further studies are required to establish the clinical value of A. sativum in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2224
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Protective Effects of Tinospora crispa Stem Extract on Renal Damage and Hemolysis during Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice. J Pathog 2015; 2015:738608. [PMID: 26600953 PMCID: PMC4639667 DOI: 10.1155/2015/738608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal damage and hemolysis induced by malaria are associated with mortality in adult patients. It has been speculated that oxidative stress condition induced by malaria infection is involved in its pathology. Thus, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of Tinospora crispa stem extract on renal damage and hemolysis during Plasmodium berghei infection. T. crispa stem extract was prepared using hot water method and used for oral treatment in mice. Groups of ICR mice were infected with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei ANKA by intraperitoneal injection and given the extracts (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) twice a day for 4 consecutive days. To assess renal damage and hemolysis, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and hematocrit (%Hct) levels were then evaluated, respectively. Malaria infection resulted in renal damage and hemolysis as indicated by increasing of BUN and creatinine and decreasing of %Hct, respectively. However, protective effects on renal damage and hemolysis were observed in infected mice treated with these extracts at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. In conclusion, T. crispa stem extract exerted protective effects on renal damage and hemolysis induced by malaria infection. This plant may work as potential source in the development of variety of herbal formulations for malarial treatment.
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2225
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HPTLC Analysis of Bioactivity Guided Anticancer Enriched Fraction of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Picrorhiza kurroa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:513875. [PMID: 26557675 PMCID: PMC4628758 DOI: 10.1155/2015/513875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Hydroalcoholic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa and its fractions were subjected to in vitro screening for cytotoxicity; further best active fraction (BAF) obtained was tested against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model in Balb/c mice after its quality control analysis. Methods. Cytotoxicities of all the fractions and mother extract of P. kurroa were determined, using MTT assay on breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB 231) and cervical cancer (HeLa, SiHa) cell lines. Metabolic fingerprinting was developed using HPTLC with quantification of biomarkers (cucurbitacins B and E; betulinic acid; picrosides 1 and 2; and apocynin) in BAF. The EAC tumor-bearing mice were used for in vivo anticancer activity after oral administration (50 mg Kg−1) for 10 days. Results. Cytotoxicity assay of mother extract and its fractions over breast cancer and cervix cancer cell lines showed that dichloromethane (DCM) fraction was most cytotoxic (IC50 36.0–51.0 µg mL−1 at 72 h). Oral administration of DCM fraction showed significant reduction in tumor regression parameters, viable tumor cell count and restoration of hematological parameters may be due to presence of cucurbitacins B and E; betulinic acid; picrosides 1 and 2; and apocynin, as compared to the untreated mice of the control group. Conclusion. The DCM fraction of P. kurroa displayed potent anticancer activity and can be further explored for the development of a potential candidate for cancer therapy.
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2226
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Medagama AB. The glycaemic outcomes of Cinnamon, a review of the experimental evidence and clinical trials. Nutr J 2015; 14:108. [PMID: 26475130 PMCID: PMC4609100 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cinnamon is currently marketed as a remedy for obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Integrative medicine is a new concept that combines conventional treatment with evidence-based complementary therapies. AIM The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the experimental evidence available for cinnamon in improving glycaemic targets in animal models and humans. RESULTS Insulin receptor auto-phosphorlylation and de-phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4 ) receptor synthesis and translocation, modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism through changes in Pyruvate kinase (PK) and Phosphenol Pyruvate Carboxikinase (PEPCK), altering the expression of PPAR (γ) and inhibition of intestinal glucosidases are some of the mechanisms responsible for improving glycaemic control with cinnamon therapy. We reviewed 8 clinical trials that used Cinnamomum cassia in aqueous or powder form in doses ranging from 500 mg to 6 g per day for a duration lasting from 40 days to 4 months as well as 2 clinical trials that used cinnamon on treatment naïve patients with pre-diabetes. An improvement in glycaemic control was seen in patients who received Cinnamon as the sole therapy for diabetes, those with pre-diabetes (IFG or IGT) and in those with high pre-treatment HbA1c. In animal models, cinnamon reduced fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and HbA1c. CONCLUSION Cinnamon has the potential to be a useful add-on therapy in the discipline of integrative medicine in managing type 2 diabetes. At present the evidence is inconclusive and long-term trials aiming to establish the efficacy and safety of cinnamon is needed. However, high coumarin content of Cinnamomum cassia is a concern, but Cinnamomum zeylanicum with its low coumarin content would be a safer alternate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjuna B Medagama
- Department of Medicine, Senior Lecturer in Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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2227
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Szeto YT, Sin YSP, Pak SC, Kalle W. American ginseng tea protects cellular DNA within 2 h from consumption: results of a pilot study in healthy human volunteers. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:815-8. [PMID: 26393910 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1088937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The acute genoprotective effect of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) has been investigated. The experiment was carried out to explore the DNA protective effect after a single dose of American ginseng tea bag infusion. Fourteen subjects (6 males and 8 females) were recruited in this study. Seven of them (3 males and 4 females) were asked to drink a cup of freshly prepared American ginseng infusions. Water was taken by the remaining subjects as the control group. Blood samples of both groups were taken before and 2 h post-ingestion. The blood samples were challenged with ultraviolet B irradiation followed by using comet assay. Completed slides were stained with Giemsa stain and DNA damage was assessed. Results showed a significant decrease in comet score after American ginseng supplementation and no change in the control group. The current study demonstrated a cup of American ginseng infusion could protect cellular DNA from oxidative stress at least within 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yim Tong Szeto
- a Department of Applied Science , Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Shatin), Vocational Training Council , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong .,b Macao Society for the Study of Women's Health , Macao , P.R. China
| | - Yuk Shan Pauline Sin
- c Department of Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry , Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong , and
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- d School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , Australia
| | - Wouter Kalle
- d School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , Australia
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2228
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Samoisy AK, Mahomoodally MF. Ethnopharmacological analysis of medicinal plants used against non-communicable diseases in Rodrigues Island, Indian Ocean. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:20-38. [PMID: 26133061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rodrigues is an autonomous outer island that form part of the Republic of Mauritius and one of three islands that constitute the Mascarene archipelago in the Indian Ocean. Though herbal medicine is in common use in Rodrigues, there has been no ethnopharmacological study to document quantitatively such traditional practise particularly against non-communicable diseases (NCD) which is currently a growing major health issue on the island. The aim of the present study was to collect, analyse and document traditionally used medicinal plants (MP) from key informants and traditional medicine practitioners (TMP) in the tropical island of Rodrigues to treat and/or manage common NCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was collected via face-to-face interviews with MP users (n=113) and TMP (n=9). Seven quantitative ethnopharmacological indices, namely family use value (FUV), use value (UV), informant agreement ratio (IAR), relative frequency of citation (RFC), fidelity level (FL), relative importance (RI) and ethnobotanicity index (EI) were calculated. RESULTS Hundred and three plants belonging to 55 families were recorded for the treatment and/or management of 27 different NCD. Three of the MP (Terminalia bentzoë (L.) L.F, Sarcostemma cf. adontolepis Balf.f. and Clerodendrum laciniatum Balf.f.) recorded are endemic to Rodrigues and 2 (Carissa xylopicron Thouars., Phyllanthus casticum Willemet f.) endemic to the Mascarene Islands. The most solicited MP family was Asteraceae with a total of 8 species. Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle scored the highest RFC (RFC=1.02) value. Ten plants were found to score 100% FL and the highest IAR (0.98) was observed for the disease category of certain conditions originating in the perinatal period. Arecaceae scored the highest FUV value and Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M. King et H.Rob highest UV (UV= 2.72). CONCLUSION Given the dearth of updated information on traditional medicine of Rodrigues, this study can provide an opportunity to establish valuable primary information on the different MP used by the local people and hence can open new perspectives for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathie Samoisy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - M Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius.
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2229
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Satoh H, Nishida S. [Kampo pharmacology: cardiovascular effects of a phytochemical, sinomenine, contained in Sinomenium acutum Rehder et Wilson]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 146:126-9. [PMID: 26354010 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.146.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2230
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Rafsanjany N, Sendker J, Lechtenberg M, Petereit F, Scharf B, Hensel A. Traditionally used medicinal plants against uncomplicated urinary tract infections: Are unusual, flavan-4-ol- and derhamnosylmaysin derivatives responsible for the antiadhesive activity of extracts obtained from stigmata of Zea mays L. against uropathogenic E. coli and Benzethonium chloride as frequent contaminant faking potential antibacterial activities? Fitoterapia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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2231
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Ali M, Kim B, Belfield KD, Norman D, Brennan M, Ali GS. Inhibition of Phytophthora parasitica and P. capsici by Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Extract of Artemisia absinthium. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 105:1183-90. [PMID: 25871856 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-15-0006-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanoparticles for controlling plant pathogens is a rapidly emerging area in plant disease management, and nanoparticles synthesis methods that are economical and ecofriendly are extensively investigated. In this project, we investigated the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium against several Phytophthora spp., which cause many economically important crop diseases. In in vitro dose-response tests conducted in microtiter plates, 10 µg ml⁻¹ of AgNPs inhibited mycelial growth of P. parasitica, P. infestans, P. palmivora, P. cinnamomi, P. tropicalis, P. capsici, and P. katsurae. Detailed in vitro dose-response analyses conducted with P. parasitica and P. capsici revealed that AgNPs synthesized with A. absinthium extract were highly potent (IC50: 2.1 to 8.3 µg ml⁻¹) and efficacious (100%) in inhibiting mycelial growth, zoospore germination, germ tube elongation, and zoospore production. Interestingly, AgNP treatment accelerated encystment of zoospores. Consistent with in vitro results, in planta experiments conducted in a greenhouse revealed that AgNP treatments prevented Phytophthora infection and improved plant survival. Moreover, AgNP in in planta experiments did not produce any adverse effects on plant growth. These investigations provide a simple and economical method for controlling Phytophthora with AgNP without affecting normal plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102
| | - Bosung Kim
- First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102
| | - Kevin D Belfield
- First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102
| | - David Norman
- First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102
| | - Mary Brennan
- First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102
| | - Gul Shad Ali
- First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102
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2232
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Asadi-Samani M, Kooti W, Aslani E, Shirzad H. A Systematic Review of Iran’s Medicinal Plants With Anticancer Effects. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 21:143-53. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587215600873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in cases of various cancers has encouraged the researchers to discover novel, more effective drugs from plant sources. This study is a review of medicinal plants in Iran with already investigated anticancer effects on various cell lines. Thirty-six medicinal plants alongside their products with anticancer effects as well as the most important plant compounds responsible for the plants’ anticancer effect were introduced. Phenolic and alkaloid compounds were demonstrated to have anticancer effects on various cancers in most studies. The plants and their active compounds exerted anticancer effects by removing free radicals and antioxidant effects, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. The investigated plants in Iran contain the compounds that are able to contribute effectively to fighting cancer cells. Therefore, the extract and active compounds of the medicinal plants introduced in this review article could open a way to conduct clinical trials on cancer and greatly help researchers and pharmacists develop new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Asadi-Samani
- Student Research Committee, Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Wesam Kooti
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Student Research Committee, Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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2233
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Kesik V, Yuksel R, Yigit N, Saldir M, Karabacak E, Erdem G, Babacan O, Gulgun M, Korkmazer N, Bayrak Z. Ozone Ameliorates Doxorubicine-Induced Skin Necrosis - results from an animal model. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2015; 15:248-54. [PMID: 26286933 DOI: 10.1177/1534734615597863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) extravasation result with serious morbidity like skin ulceration and necrosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the protective effects of ozone, olive oil, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of DXR-induced skin ulcers on rats. After an intradermal injection of DXR on a basis of an animal extravasation model, the materials were topically applied. The ulcer sizes were measured, and a punch biopsy was taken from the extravasation site in which the skin ulcers formed at the end of the experiment. The samples were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes, and examined histopathologically. The ulcer sizes clearly decreased in the study groups, including DMSO, olive oil, ozone plus coenzyme Q10, and ozone plus olive oil groups in comparison with the control group with the exception of the coenzyme Q10 group. The malondialdehyde levels were lower in the DMSO, olive oil, ozone plus olive oil, and ozone plus coenzyme Q10 groups than they were in the control group, but they were not significantly different. The TNF-α level was lower in the DMSO, ozone plus olive oil, coenzyme Q10, and ozone plus coenzyme Q10 groups in comparison with the control group. There was no significant change in the SOD, GSH-Px, and IL1β levels in the study groups in comparison with the control and the sham groups. The ozone plus olive oil group could be considered to be an alternate therapy for skin ulcers due to DXR extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vural Kesik
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nuri Yigit
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziya Bayrak
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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2234
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Mohamed EEM, Ahmed AM, Tawfik KM, Ibrahim SM. Trichoscopic changes in hair during treatment of hirsutism with 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. J Cosmet Dermatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amer Mohamed Ahmed
- Dermatology and Andrology Department; Al-Azhar University Hospital; Asyut Egypt
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2235
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Shakya A, Soni UK, Rai G, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Gastro-protective and Anti-stress Efficacies of Monomethyl Fumarate and a Fumaria indica Extract in Chronically Stressed Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26215054 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Results of the very first experiments conducted to evaluate therapeutic potentials of a fumarate containing Fumaria indica extract and of fairly low daily oral doses of monomethyl fumarate for prevention of chronic unavoidable foot-shock stress-induced gastric ulcers, and possible involvement of diverse neuro-hormonal and oxidative process in their stress response desensitizing effects are reported and discussed in this article. Preventive effects of 21 daily oral 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg doses of a standardized 50 % methanolic F. indica extract (MFI) and 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg/kg/day of pure monomethyl fumarate (MMF) were compared in rats subjected to one hour daily unavoidable foot-shocks. A pharmaceutically well-standardized Withania somnifera (WS) root extract was used as a reference herbal anti-stress agent in all experiments. Effects of the treatments on stress-induced alterations in body weight, adrenal and spleen weights, gastric ulcer and ulcer index, weight of glandular stomach, protective mucosal glycoprotein content, cellular proliferation, oxidative stress on stomach fundus, and brain tissues of male rats were quantified. Other parameters quantified were plasma corticosterone levels, brain monoamine levels, and expressions of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β in blood and brain of stressed and treated rats. Most but not every observed stress-induced anomalies were suppressed or completely prevented by both MFI and pure MMF treatments in dose-dependent manner. Qualitatively, the observed activity profiles of both of them were similar to those of WS dose tested. These results reveal that both MFI and MMF are potent gastro-protective agents against chronic unavoidable stress-induced ulcers and strongly suggest that they act as regulators or modulators of monoamine, corticosterone, and cytokine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Shakya
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Upendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Geeta Rai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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2236
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Udegbunam SO, Kene ROC, Anika SM, Udegbunam RI, Nnaji TO, Anyanwu MU. Evaluation of wound healing potential of methanolic Crinum jagus bulb extract. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:194-201. [PMID: 26401407 PMCID: PMC4579494 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150405064050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crinum jagus (J. Thomps.) Dandy commonly called Harmattan or St. Christopher's lily belonging to the family Liliaceae is widely used traditionally in Southeastern Nigeria for treatment of skin sores. This study investigated the wound healing potentials of methanolic C. jagus bulb extract (MCJBE) using incision, excision, and dead space wound healing models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins in the extract, but absence of flavonoids. In the incision and dead space wound models, rats were dosed orally with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) of 10 and 5% of MCJBE solution, respectively, while in the excision wound model, rats were treated topically with 10 and 5% MCJBE ointments (MCJBEO), respectively. RESULT The 10% MCJBE gave significantly (P < 0.05) highest percentage rate of wound contraction, shortest re-epithelialization and complete healing time when compared with 5% MCJBE and reference drug, framycetin sulfate. The extract of C. jagus showed significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent wound healing activity in incision, dead space and excision wound models. No contaminating microbial organism was isolated from wound sites of the rats dosed and treated with MCJBE throughout the study period. At day 7, post infliction of excision wound, histomorphological, and histochemical studies revealed more fibroblasts and Type 1 collagen deposits in wound site sections of rats treated with both 10 and 5% MCJBEO while those of the control showed more inflammatory cells and fewer Type 1 collagen deposits. At day 14 post infliction of excision wound, more epithelial regeneration with overlying keratin were seen in the histological sections of wounds of rats treated with both 10 and 5% MCJBEO, while histochemical study showed more Type 1 collagen deposits in wound site sections of rats in 10% MCJBEO treated group. CONCLUSION This study established that methanolic C. jagus bulb extract potentiates wound healing. The study thus validated the folkloric use of C. jagus bulb in the management of skin sores and boils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvanus Maduka Anika
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | - Rita Ijeoma Udegbunam
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | - Theophilus Okafor Nnaji
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
| | - Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
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2237
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Udegbunam SO, Udegbunam RI, Nnaji TO, Anyanwu MU, Kene ROC, Anika SM. Antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of methanolic Crinum jagus bulb extract in wound healing. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:239-48. [PMID: 26401415 PMCID: PMC4579492 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150511022858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of Crinum jagus (J. Thomps.) Dandy methanolic bulb extract in wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and saponins in the extract. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined by agar well diffusion method. In vivo antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined by microbial assay of excision wound in rats contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas areuginosa, and Candida albicans and treated with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) of 10 and 5% methanolic C. jagus bulb extract ointment (MCJBEO), respectively. Enzymatic antioxidant effect of the extract was determined in vivo by assaying superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in excision wound biopsies of rats treated with 10 and 5% MCJBEO, respectively, following standard methods. Non-enzymatic antioxidant effect of the extract was determined in vitro using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method following standard procedure. RESULTS The extract exhibited in vitro antimicrobial effect in a concentration-dependent manner with one hundred (100) mg/ml concentration of the extract having the highest inhibitory zone diameter for B. subtilis (25 mm), S. aureus (21 mm), and C. albicans (14 mm) followed by the 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. B. subtilis, S. aureus, and C. albicans were not isolated from wounds of animals treated with both extract concentrations 10% and 5% MCJBEO, and reference drug (framycetin sulfate/clotrimazole). Activities of the enzymatic antioxidants SOD and CAT in wound biopsies treated with 10% MCJBEO were significantly (P < 0.05) higher when compared with those treated with 5% MCJBEO. Significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MDA level of wound biopsies from extract-treated rats was observed. The extract exhibited non-enzymatic antioxidant (DPPH) effect in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This study has shown that an anti-microbial and antioxidant effects could possibly be part of mechanism by which C. jagus bulb extract promote wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Silavanus Maduka Anika
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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2238
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Akyol S, Erdemli HK, Armutcu F, Akyol O. In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:192-3. [PMID: 26401406 PMCID: PMC4579495 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150620024326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haci Kemal Erdemli
- Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Corum Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ferah Armutcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Akyol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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2239
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Ilodibia CV, Ugwu RU, Nwokolo OL, Chukwuma MU, Akachukwu EE. Phytochemical Screening, Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf and Stem Extracts of Gnetum africanum Welw. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2015.275.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2240
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Idayat TG. Antibacterial attributes of extracts of Phyllantus amarus and Phyllantus niruri on Escherichia coli the causal organism of urinary tract infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jpp2014.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2241
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Antimicrobial Activities of a Plethora of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Hydrolates against Human Pathogens and Their Potential to Reverse Antibiotic Resistance. Int J Microbiol 2015; 2015:547156. [PMID: 26180528 PMCID: PMC4477429 DOI: 10.1155/2015/547156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections till date remain a scourge of humanity due to lack of vaccine against some infections, emergence of drug resistant phenotypes, and the resurgence of infections amongst others. Continuous quest for novel therapeutic approaches remains imperative. Here we (i) assessed the effects of extracts/hydrolates of some medicinal plants on pathogenic microorganisms and (ii) evaluated the inhibitory potential of the most active ones in combination with antibiotics. Extract E03 had the highest DZI (25 mm). Extracts E05 and E06 were active against all microorganisms tested. The MICs and MBCs of the methanol extracts ranged from 16.667 × 103
μg/mL to 2 μg/mL and hydrolates from 0.028 to 333333 ppm. Extract E30 had the highest activity especially against S. saprophyticus (MIC of 6 ppm) and E. coli (MIC of 17 ppm). Combination with conventional antibiotics was shown to overcome resistance especially with E30. Analyses of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, phenols, and saponins. These results justify the use of these plants in traditional medicine and the practice of supplementing decoctions/concoctions with conventional antibiotics. Nauclea pobeguinii (E30), the most active and synergistic of all these extracts, and some hydrolates with antimicrobial activity need further exploration for the development of novel antimicrobials.
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2242
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Affiliation(s)
- SV Jargin
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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2243
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Dey P, Saha MR, Chowdhuri SR, Sen A, Sarkar MP, Haldar B, Chaudhuri TK. Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of an ethnopharmacological plant Nerium oleander through alloxan induced diabetes in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 161:128-137. [PMID: 25498854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nerium oleander L. (syn. Nerium indicum Mill. and Nerium odorum Aiton.) is used for its anti-diabetic properties in Pakistan, Algeria, Morocco and is also recognized in Ayurveda. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-diabetic capacity of a standardized hydromethanolic extract of Nerium oleander in alloxan induced diabetes in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nerium oleander leaf extract (NOLE) was orally administered at 50 and 200mg/kg body weight (BW) dose to alloxanized mice (blood glucose >200mg/dl). After 20 consecutive days of treatment, various diabetic parameters were studied and compared with untreated mice. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was employed to reveal the phytochemical composition of the plant extract. RESULTS NOLE demonstrated antihyperglycaemic activity by reducing 73.79% blood glucose level after 20 days of treatment. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) revealed increase in glucose tolerance as evident by 65.72% decrease in blood glucose in 3h post treatment. Percentage decrease in different liver marker enzymes were significant along with decrease in triglyceride and cholesterol levels, displaying potent antihyperlipidemic activity. Peroxidase and catalase activity in liver, kidney and skeletal muscle were significantly restored besides marked reduction in lipid peroxidation and normalization of hepatic glycogen level in the NOLE treated alloxanized mice. Different bioactive phytocompounds with potent anti-diabetic activity were identified by GC-MS and HPLC analysis. CONCLUSION The present investigation revealed that Nerium oleander possess potent anti-diabetic activity as claimed in different ethnopharmacological practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India.
| | - Manas Ranjan Saha
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sumedha Roy Chowdhuri
- Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
| | - Arnab Sen
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mousumi Poddar Sarkar
- Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
| | - Biswajit Haldar
- Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India.
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2244
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Yemele MD, Telefo PB, Lienou LL, Tagne SR, Fodouop CSP, Goka CS, Lemfack MC, Moundipa FP. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for pregnant women׳s health conditions in Menoua division-West Cameroon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 160:14-31. [PMID: 25449451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Cameroon, most women use traditional medicine for the treatment of pregnancy and childbirth complaints. In order to identify some of the medicinal plants locally used to alleviate these complaints, an ethnobotanical survey was undertaken in five villages of Menoua Division (West-Cameroon). MATERIALS AND METHODS Interviews were conducted through structured questionnaires among 24 traditional healers and 179 women living either in the town of Dschang or in 4 neighboring villages. After having recorded the interviewee personal information on issues related to medicinal plants utilization, a literature investigation on their therapeutic or pharmacological effects and phytochemical composition was conducted. RESULTS A total of 88 medicinal plants species used to treat 24 conditions occurring during or after pregnancy and belonging to 70 genera or 34 families were recorded. Maximum medicinal uses of plants are reported for the treatment of the following ailments: swelling of legs and ankles (23%), facilitation of delivery (22%), cleaning of the baby (12%). Most herbal remedies are prepared with the leaves (30%), leaves+stems (28%) and whole plant (23%) as maceration (76%). The majority of women who used medicinal plants were very satisfied (75 %) and it is reported that most of these plants are used in the treatment of women health conditions. CONCLUSION Many herbal remedies used for the treatment of pregnant women׳s health conditions in Menoua division-West Cameroon have been revealed. It would therefore be judicious for our government and research institution to evaluate the therapeutic and toxicological potentials of these plants in order to valorize their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Yemele
- University of Dschang, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - P B Telefo
- University of Dschang, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - L L Lienou
- University of Dschang, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - S R Tagne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - C S P Fodouop
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - C S Goka
- University of Dschang, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - M C Lemfack
- University of Dschang, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - F P Moundipa
- University of Yaounde I, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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2245
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Key volatile aroma compounds of three black velvet tamarind (Dialium) fruit species. Food Chem 2015; 168:561-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2246
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Saha MR, Rai R, Kar P, Sen A, Sarker DD. Ethnobotany, traditional knowledge and socioeconomic importance of native drink among the Oraon tribe of Malda district in India. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:34-9. [PMID: 26401382 PMCID: PMC4566770 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20141202060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Preparation of daily traditional drink by the indigenous tribes is a common phenomenon in India. Oraon tribes in Malda district of West Bengal, India are very much practiced in making of their own native brew, known as Chullu. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the whole Chullu procedure technology of the region and its socioeconomic effect on Oraon. Ethnomedicinal investigation of local plants involved in Chullu preparation was another aspect of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted from April 2012 to June 2013. Consecutive field surveys were performed to collect information from Chullu producers to focus the procedure technology of local brew by means of semi-structured individual interviews, informal interviews and group discussion. A semi-structured questionnaire process was also performed to obtain the information regarding the ethnic use of plant species involved in Chullu preparation. RESULTS The present study revealed that four medicinal plant species along with rice having strong local ethnomedicinal value were used to prepare this indigenous drink. Oraon prepare the brew using their unique home-made distillation process. Commercialization of this local brew represents an alternative income to develop their economic condition, especially for poor households. The index of importance value was considered to evaluate the importance, usage, and knowledge of the five studied species. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that practices of Chullu preparation represent a bonding between ethnic knowledge and Oraon people of the province. Commercialization of Chullu may be considered as a source of alternative way of income for poor households in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Saha
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritu Rai
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Kar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip De Sarker
- Department of Botany, Raiganj College (University College), University of North Bengal, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
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2247
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Godara R, Parveen S, Katoch R, Yadav A, Katoch M, Khajuria JK, Kaur D, Ganai A, Verma PK, Khajuria V, Singh NK. Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium against Hyalomma anatolicum ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 65:141-148. [PMID: 25039005 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of ethanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia absinthium in comparison to amitraz on adults, eggs and larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum using the adult immersion test (AIT), egg hatchability test and larval packet test (LPT), respectively. Four concentrations of the extract (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in all the bioassays. In AIT, the mortality rates at 2.5, 5 and 10% were significantly different (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group; however, at 20%, it was similar to the positive control group. Maximum mortality of 86.7% was recorded at 20%. The LC50 and LC95 values were calculated as 6.51 and 55.43%, respectively. The oviposition was reduced significantly by 36.8 and 59.1% at concentrations of 10 and 20%, respectively. Egg hatchability was reduced significantly at all concentrations (2.5-20%) in comparison to the control. In LPT, the extract caused 100% mortality of larvae at all the concentrations after 24 h. The results show that ethanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of A. absinthium has acaricidal properties and could be useful in controlling H. anatolicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godara
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, Jammu, 181 102, India
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2248
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Radha MH, Laxmipriya NP. Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 5:21-6. [PMID: 26151005 PMCID: PMC4488101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera (蘆薈 lú huì) is well known for its considerable medicinal properties. This plant is one of the richest natural sources of health for human beings coming. The chemistry of the plant has revealed the presence of more than 200 different biologically active substances. Many biological properties associated with Aloe species are contributed by inner gel of the leaves. Most research has been centralized on the biological activities of the various species of Aloe, which include antibacterial and antimicrobial activities of the nonvolatile constituents of the leaf gel. Aloe species are widely distributed in the African and the eastern European continents, and are spread almost throughout the world. The genus Aloe has more than 400 species but few, such as A. vera, Aloe ferox, and Aloe arborescens, are globally used for trade. A. vera has various medicinal properties such as antitumor, antiarthritic, antirheumatoid, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. In addition, A. vera has also been promoted for constipation, gastrointestinal disorders, and for immune system deficiencies. However, not much convincing information is available on properties of the gel. The present review focuses on the detailed composition of Aloe gel, its various phytocomponents having various biological properties that help to improve health and prevent disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharjan H Radha
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nampoothiri P Laxmipriya
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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2249
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In vitro evaluation of ethanolic extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Artemisia absinthium against cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:858973. [PMID: 25525626 PMCID: PMC4267217 DOI: 10.1155/2014/858973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides and Artemisia absinthium was assessed on Rhipicephalus microplus using adult immersion test (AIT). Five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in the bioassay. In AIT, the maximum mortality was recorded as 40% and 66.7% at 20% concentration for A. conyzoides and A. absinthium, respectively. Acaricidal activity was found to be higher in the extract of A. absinthium with LC50 and LC95 values of 11.2% and 61.7%, respectively. Egg mass weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the extracts was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of control ticks; consequently, the reproductive index and oviposition values of the treated ticks were reduced significantly (P<0.05). The A. conyzoides inhibited 90% hatching of eggs at the 20% concentration, whereas A. absinthium showed 100% inhibition at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations. The results show that A. absinthium has better acaricidal properties than A. conyzoides and could be useful in controlling R. microplus.
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2250
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Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Apoptogenic Effects of Several Coumarins on Human Cancer Cell Lines: Osthole Induces Apoptosis in p53-Deficient H1299 Cells. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:847574. [PMID: 25276123 PMCID: PMC4168038 DOI: 10.1155/2014/847574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are excellent resources for finding lead structures for the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Coumarins are a class of natural compounds found in a variety of plants. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic potential of coumarins isolated from Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. in PC3, SKNMC, and H1299 (p53 null) human carcinoma cell lines. Osthole proved to be an outstanding potent cytotoxic agent especially against PC3 cells. Isoimperatorin exhibited moderate inhibitory effect against SKNMC and PC3 cell lines. Oxypeucedanin and braylin did not display any cytotoxic activity. In the next set of experiments, the apoptotic potentials of osthole and isoimperatorin were investigated. Induction of apoptosis by isoimperatorin was accompanied by an increase in activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in SKNMC cells and caspase-3 and -9 in PC3 cells. Moreover, isoimperatorin induced apoptosis by upregulating Bax and Smac/DIABLO genes in PC3 and SKNMC cells. Osthole induced apoptosis by downregulating antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in only PC3 cells and upregulating the proapoptotic genes Bax and Smac/DIABLO in PC3, SKNMC, and H1299 cells. The effects of osthole on H1299 cells are important because the loss of p53 has been associated with poor clinical prognosis in cancer treatment.
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