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Sorokina M, McCaffrey KS, Deaton EE, Ma G, Ordovás JM, Perkins-Veazie PM, Steinbeck C, Levi A, Parnell LD. A Catalog of Natural Products Occurring in Watermelon- Citrullus lanatus. Front Nutr 2021; 8:729822. [PMID: 34595201 PMCID: PMC8476801 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.729822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet dessert watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most important vegetable crops consumed throughout the world. The chemical composition of watermelon provides both high nutritional value and various health benefits. The present manuscript introduces a catalog of 1,679 small molecules occurring in the watermelon and their cheminformatics analysis for diverse features. In this catalog, the phytochemicals are associated with the literature describing their presence in the watermelon plant, and when possible, concentration values in various plant parts (flesh, seeds, leaves, roots, rind). Also cataloged are the chemical classes, molecular weight and formula, chemical structure, and certain physical and chemical properties for each phytochemical. In our view, knowing precisely what is in what we eat, as this catalog does for watermelon, supports both the rationale for certain controlled feeding studies in the field of precision nutrition, and plant breeding efforts for the development of new varieties with enhanced concentrations of specific phytochemicals. Additionally, improved and comprehensive collections of natural products accessible to the public will be especially useful to researchers in nutrition, cheminformatics, bioinformatics, and drug development, among other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sorokina
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Erin E. Deaton
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Guoying Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Penelope M. Perkins-Veazie
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Amnon Levi
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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202
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Chu Y, Wang X, Yu N, Li Y, Kan J. Long non‑coding RNA FGD5‑AS1/microRNA‑133a‑3p upregulates aquaporin 1 to decrease the inflammatory response in LPS‑induced sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:784. [PMID: 34498707 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infections. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of FGD5‑AS1 in sepsis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammatory response. An animal model of sepsis was constructed. LPS was used to induce mice HL‑1 cardiomyocytes to construct a cell model. The association between FGD5‑AS1 and miR‑133a‑3p was investigated through animal and cell models. FGD5‑AS1 overexpression was used to analyze the effect of FGD5‑AS1 on inflammatory reaction. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 levels were detected by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The interaction of FGD5‑AS1, miR‑133a‑3p and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) was detected by dual‑luciferase reporter assay and microRNA (miRNA/miR) pull‑down assay. Compared with the control group, the expression of FGD5‑AS1 was decreased and the expression of miR‑133a‑3p was increased in the sepsis group. FGD5‑AS1 overexpression increased LPS‑induced expression of FGD5‑AS1 and AQP1, decreased the expression of miR‑133a‑3p, and inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑1β. Dual‑luciferase reporter and miRNA pull‑down assays confirmed the interaction of FGD5‑AS1, miR‑133a‑3p and AQP1. These results indicated that FGD5‑AS1 is the competitive endogenous RNA of miR‑133a‑3p on AQP1, and thus FGD5‑AS1 overexpression may be able to inhibit the inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Chu
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Acupuncture Department, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Naihao Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Yali Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Kan
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
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203
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Anti-arthritic activity of Tin oxide-Chitosan-Polyethylene glycol carvacrol nanoparticles against Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritic rat model via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase‑2 and prostaglandin E2. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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204
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Sun M, Cao Y, Wang T, Liu T, An F, Wu H, Wang J. Association between LINC-PINT and LINC00599 gene polymorphism and the risk of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the population of northern China. Steroids 2021; 173:108886. [PMID: 34245766 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a complex disease affected by genetics. LncRNA LINC-PINT and LINC00599 have been proved to be associated with susceptibility to a variety of diseases, however it is not clear whether they are related to steroid-induced ONFH. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the correlation between the polymorphisms of LINC-PINT and LINC00599 genes and steroid-induced ONFH in the population of northern China. METHODS A case-control study including 199 patients and 725 controls was designed. The Agena MassARRAY platform was used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LINC-PINT and LINC00599 genes. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between the above SNPs and steroid-induced ONFH in allelic and genetic models. Besides, one-way ANOVA was used to study the relationship between these SNPs and partial lipid levels. RESULTS In the LINC00599 gene, two sites are related to steroid-induced ONFH. Among them, rs2272026 increased the risk of the disease in co-dominant (heterozygous) and dominant models. And rs1962430 is a risk factor for this disease in the allelic, co-dominance (heterozygous), dominant and additive model. whereas in women with steroid-induced ONFH, three sites in the LINC-PINT gene are related to the disease. Thereinto, rs157916 reduces the risk of the disease in allelic, co-dominant (homozygous), recessive and additive models. Rs16873842 is related to the reduced risk of the disease in allele, dominant and additive models. And rs7781295 is a protective factor for steroid-induced ONFH in the allelic and additive model. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the polymorphisms of LINC-PINT and LINC00599 genes are related to the susceptibility of steroid-induced ONFH in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010030, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Yuju Cao
- Zhengzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Traumatology Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450016, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010030, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010030, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Feimeng An
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China
| | - Huiqiang Wu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010030, China.
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205
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Ogunrinola OO, Kanmodi RI, Ogunrinola OA. Medicinal plants as immune booster in the palliative management of viral diseases: A perspective on coronavirus. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi O. Ogunrinola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Lagos State University Ojo Lagos Nigeria
| | - Rahmon I. Kanmodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Lagos State University Ojo Lagos Nigeria
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206
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An M, Oh M, Park KT, Seon KH, Jo JE, Lee SK, Kim JK, Shin KS, Koh JH, Lim YH. Anti-asthma and antitussive effects of a fermented extract of a mixture of Ramulus mori, Anthriscus sylvestris, and Salvia plebeian. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1257-1268. [PMID: 34393544 PMCID: PMC8352748 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory immunity is getting more important recently due to outbreak of respiratory diseases and increasing the concentration of fine dust. The aim of this study was to investigate respiratory protection effect of a fermented extract of medicinal plants (FEMP) containing Ramulus mori, Salvia plebeia, and Anthriscus sylvestris. The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-17 in LPS/poly-L-arginine (PLA) and FEMP-cotreated A549 cells were lower than those in LPS/PLA only-treated cells. The levels of IgE, IL-17, and IL-4 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of FEMP-treated mice with ovalbumin/LPS-induced asthma were lower than the control levels. The lung inflammation score and the number of inflammatory cells in the BALF decreased by FEMP treatment. In the citric acid-induced coughing guinea pig, the FEMP treatment decreased the number of coughs. Therefore, FEMP shows anti-asthmatic and antitussive activities without hepatotoxicity and can be used as a compound aiming to improve respiratory health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00955-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirae An
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Miae Oh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Seon
- R & D Center, Biocean CO. LTD, Seoul, 08591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Jo
- R & D Center, Biocean CO. LTD, Seoul, 08591 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kweon Lee
- R & D Center, Biocean CO. LTD, Seoul, 08591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Keun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Shihung-si, Gyeonggi-do 15073 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Koh
- Department of Bio-Food Analysis and Processing, Bio-Campus Korea Polytechnic College, Nonsan, 32943 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea.,School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
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207
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Ahsan H, Haider I, Mushtaq MN, Qaisar MN, Naqvi F, Asif A. Pharmacological support to anti-arthritic prospective of physostigmine: a new approach. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1119-1129. [PMID: 34224070 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a slowly progressing inflammatory autoimmune disease. Several features are involved in the RA pathogenesis in addition to environmental and genetic factors. Previously it has been reported that acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity is enhanced in old age and may contribute in the progression of RA. The current experimental work was projected to assess the activity of physostigmine (a cholinesterase inhibitor) for treatment of RA. In vitro and in vivo approaches were used for such evaluation. However, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was performed to determine the concentrations of Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-α in arthritic rats after treatment with physostigmine. Moreover, anti-oxidant assays were employed to calculate the level of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase peroxidase (CAT) in tissue of treated animals. The results claimed the dose dependent protective and stabilizing effect of physostigmine on denaturation of albumin (egg and bovine serum) protein and human red blood cell membrane, respectively, through in vitro studies. Furthermore, the physostigmine (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the swelling of paw after induction of arthritis with formaldehyde or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as compared to arthritic control animals. Moreover, significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the levels of inflammatory markers (PGE2 and TNF-α) at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg of physostigmine has been observed in ELISA test. Likewise, there was a prominent rise in levels of SOD and CAT in animals treated with physostigmine. These findings pharmacologically conclude the anti-arthritic effect of physostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Ihtisham Haider
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Farwa Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Awais Asif
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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208
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Zhang F, Liu Z, He X, Li Z, Shi B, Cai F. β-Sitosterol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: involvement of NF-кB and HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1329-1341. [PMID: 32945205 PMCID: PMC7534215 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune disease that is categorized via chronic
inflammation manifestation, obesity, cardiovascular risk and even enhanced the mortality
and affect the 0.3 and 1% of population worldwide. The current experimental study was
scrutinize the anti-arthritic effect of β-sitosterol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN) against complete Fruend adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis via dual pathway. Double
emulsion solvent displacement method was used for the preparation of β-sitosterol solid
lipid nanoparticles (SLN). CFA was used to induce arthritis and rats were divided into
different groups for 28 days. Biochemical, anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory cytokines
and inflammatory mediator were estimated, respectively. Receptor activator of nuclear
factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3)
nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme Oxygenase-1(HO-1) and
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were estimated. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly
(p < .001) reduced the paw edema, arthritic index and
increased the body weight. β-sitosterol-SLN increased the redox status of synovium {reduce
the malonaldehyde (MDA) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and
catalase (CAT)} level and reduced the cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),
interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-16, interleukin-17 and
increased level of interleukin-10, Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).
β-sitosterol-SLN significantly (p < .001) reduced the
level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and NF-κB. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly increased the
expression of HO-1,Nrf2 and decreased the expression of NF-κB, RANKL, STAT3. In
conclusion, β-sitosterol SLN showed the antiarthritic effect via suppression of NF-kB and
activation of HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengmei Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
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209
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Hamdan DI, El-Shiekh RA, El-Sayed MA, Khalil HMA, Mousa MR, Al-Gendy AA, El-Shazly AM. Phytochemical characterization and anti-inflammatory potential of Egyptian Murcott mandarin cultivar waste (stem, leaves and peel). Food Funct 2021; 11:8214-8236. [PMID: 32966492 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01796e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The stem (S), leaf (L) and fruit peel (P) of Murcott mandarins were separately extracted using 80% ethanol and then fractionated into dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (ET). Their metabolic profiles were studied via HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS and afforded a tentative characterization of 98 compounds, including free organic acids, phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoid aglycones, flavonoid glycosides, flavonoids containing 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG) units, coumarin derivatives and limonoids. Column chromatography resulted in isolation of six metabolites for the first time that were identified as nobiletin (C1), isosinensetin (C2), limonin (C3), 4'-demethylnobiletin (C4), stigmasterol-O-glucoside (C5) and hesperidin (C6). In vitro studies of the anti-inflammatory activity of DCM-L against cyclooxygenases (COXs) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzymes revealed that DCM-L showed higher activity than the other tested fractions. The in vivo gastroprotective effects of that fraction were evaluated using alcohol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The obtained findings validated the gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of DCM-L through its anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, we recommend the use of Murcott mandarin leaves as a part of a protection strategy for gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, 32511, Egypt.
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - May A El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Amal A Al-Gendy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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210
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Zhou C, Gao J, Ji H, Li W, Xing X, Liu D, Guo Q, Zhou L, Jing F. Benzoylaconine Modulates LPS-Induced Responses Through Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in RAW264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2021; 44:2018-2032. [PMID: 34272638 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that benzoylaconine (BAC), a representative monoester alkaloid, has a potential anti-inflammatory effect. This study investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms using the mode of LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our findings showed that BAC significantly suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, ROS, NO, and PGE2. BAC treatment also effectively downregulated the elevated protein levels of iNOS and COX-2 induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we found that BAC inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα by western blotting and blocking the nuclear translocation of p65 using an immunofluorescence assay. The elevated protein levels of JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation after LPS stimulation were restored effectively by BAC treatment. The protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and LPS-induced phosphorylation of TAK1, which is a crucial upstream regulatory factor of TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling, were inhibited by BAC in activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, BAC decreased the levels of TAK1 phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators associated with MAPK and NF-κB activation, similar to TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. These findings demonstrated that BAC exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by the inhibition of TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways, indicating that it could potentially be used for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, No.29 Yongping Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanbo Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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211
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miR-129-5p Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs and Bone Regeneration via Repressing Dkk3. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7435605. [PMID: 34326879 PMCID: PMC8302374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7435605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in osteogenic differentiation. However, the associated mechanisms remain elusive. This paper is aimed at exploring the role of miR-129-5p in regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation and bone regeneration in vivo and in vitro. Methods BMSCs were transduced by miR-129-5p mimic, miR-129-5p inhibitor, and negative control lentivirus. The ability of BMSC differentiation to osteoblast was tested by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS). The expression of osteogenic genes (Runx2, Bmp2, and OCN) was examined via quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. A mouse model of calvaria defect was investigated by Micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, and histological examination. The luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the binding between Dkk3 and miR-129-5p. For the transfection experiments, lipofectamine 3000 was used to transfect pcDNA-Dkk3 into BMSCs to overexpress Dkk3. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent localization assay were included for exploring the role of Dkk3 and β-catenin. Results miR-129-5p was induced in BMSCs and MSC cell line C3H10T1/2 cells under osteogenic medium. Overexpression of miR-129-5p significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Moreover, BMSCs transduced with miR-129-5p mimic exhibited better bone regeneration compared with BMSCs transduced with control counterpart in vivo. Luciferase and western blot data showed that Dickkopf3 (Dkk3) is a target gene of miR-129-5p and the expression of Dkk3 was inhibited in BMSCs transduced with miR-129-5p mimic but enhanced in BMSCs transduced with miR-129-5p inhibitor. In addition, Dkk3 interacted with β-catenin directly. Conclusions miR-129-5p promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and bone regeneration, and miR-129-5p/Dkk3 axis may be new potential targets for the treatment of bone defect and bone loss.
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Ahsan H, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Jahan S, Shahzad M, Asim MH. Potential of ephedrine to suppress the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2: A novel approach towards management of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2021; 282:119825. [PMID: 34274310 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complicated perpetual auto-immune disorder allied with synovial hyperplasia, hyperalgesia, bone destruction, cartilage erosion and eventually physical impairment. Dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a reported hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs targeting adrenergic receptors may be suitable to attenuate arthritis. MAIN METHODS This experimental work employed ephedrine (adrenergic agonist) for appraisal of its anti-arthritic potential by using CFA-provoked arthritic animal model. Physical parameters (Paw volume/diameter, arthritic index and weight) were assessed through whole study period. Blood sample was drawn by cardiac puncture for various tests like RF value, C-RP, ELISA, RFTs and LFTs. RNA was isolated from blood and expression of inflammatory cytokines was estimated through q-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Ephedrine alleviated swelling in paw and reinstated the body weight, hematological and biochemical indices of experimental animal. This drug (40 mg/kg PO) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the expression (measured as percent expression) of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 (54, 59 and 49% respectively) in arthritic animals. On the other side, cell derived anti-inflammatory mediators were expressed more in animals treated with same dose of ephedrine. Furthermore, inhibitory effect on expression of PGE2 was significantly (p < 0.001) observed in all treatment groups of ephedrine in comparison with standard treatment. SIGNIFICANCE This study ascertained the ephedrine as prospective therapeutic alternative candidate for treatment of RA but limited for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | | | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University college of Pharmacy, University of Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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213
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Maity R, Mondal P, Giri MK, Ghosh C, Mallick C. Gastroprotective effect of hydromethanolic extract of Ayapana triplinervis leaves on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in male Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13859. [PMID: 34258791 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the gastroprotective effect of Ayapana triplinervis leaves against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in male albino rat. Gastric ulceration was developed by single oral dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Experimental rats were pretreated with omeprazole (positive control 20 mg/kg), hydromethanolic extract of A. triplinervis (200 mg/kg) for 28 days just before the indomethacin treatment. Free acidity, total acidity, pepsin activity and gastric volume, gastric pH, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in stomach and serum prostaglandin E2 levels were assessed in control, ulcerated group and A. triplinervis pretreated groups. Oxidative stress biomarkers, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum also evaluated. All the parameters were deviated from control in indomethacin-treated group but significantly protected in A. triplinervis-pretreated group. The active ingredient(s) present in the A. triplinervis have antioxidant and gastroprotective properties that prevent the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A. triplinervis has been widely consumed from earlier time as traditional medicine for the treatment of gastric problem and gastric ulcer in India. This is the first report that hydromethanolic extract of A. triplinervis has potent therapeutic properties against gastric ulcer. This work will provide a clue to the pharmaceutical industry to develop an effective gastroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnabali Maity
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science & Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabir Mondal
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science & Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukul Kumar Giri
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science & Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science & Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhanda Mallick
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science & Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Likhitwitayawuid K. Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:4212. [PMID: 34299485 PMCID: PMC8307110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic importance. Oxyresveratrol can be easily obtained from plant materials by conventional methods, and several systems for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol contents in plant materials and plant products are available. Oxyresveratrol possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and protective effects against neurological disorders and digestive ailments. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of oxyresveratrol, including low water solubility and poor oral availability and stability, have posed challenges to its development as a useful therapeutic agent. Recently, several delivery systems have emerged, with promising outcomes that may improve chances for the clinical study of oxyresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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215
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Zhou J, Wang G, Han R, Wang R, Kong Y, Zhang R, Hou L, Meng M. Glycopeptides from Paecilomyces sinensis ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric ulcers via anti-inflammation and the miR-9-5p-MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:7664-7675. [PMID: 34236362 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect and mechanism of the glycopeptides from Paecilomyces sinensis (CPS-II) on ethanol induced ulcers in mice. In this study, histopathological evaluation (H&E staining) and the gastric ulcer score, ulcer index, total acid secretion and gastric pH value were used to determine the anti-ulcer activity. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and epidermal growth factor (PEG2) in serum were measured according to the instructions for the reagents. Western blotting was used to detect the effect of CPS-II on the MEK/ERK pathway. The results showed that CPS-II could inhibit the ulcer score and ulcer index compared with the disease control group. CPS-II could significantly increase gastric pH and decrease gastric acid secretion in mice. The ELISA analysis showed that the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the CPS-II treatment group were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of IL-10 were significantly increased in the CPS-II treatment group. In the resveratrol treatment group, the content of MDA in serum was decreased, and the level of PEG2 and the activity of SOD in serum were significantly increased, which indicated that CPS-II has immunoregulation and anti-ulcer properties. The CPS-II treatment group could reduce the expression level of miR-9-5p in gastric tissue. pEGFR had been identified as a potential target of miR-9-5p. Western blot analysis showed that CPS-II could up-regulate the relative protein expression of pEGFR/EGFR, pRaf/Raf, pMEK/MEK, pERK/ERK, and ZO-1. The results showed that CPS-II could reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response by regulating the miR-9-5p-MEK/ERK signaling pathway, thus protecting the gastric mucosa and improving stress gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
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216
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Du H, Pang H, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Li SJ. Deficiency of voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 aggravates ovalbumin-induced allergic lung asthma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107640. [PMID: 33866247 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation that caused by many factors. The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 has been proposed to extrude excessive protons produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX) from cytosol to maintain its activity during respiratory bursts. Here, we showed that loss of Hv1 aggravates ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic lung asthma in mice. The numbers of total cells, eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Hv1-deficiency (KO) mice are obviously increased after OVA challenge compared with that of wild-type (WT) mice. Histopathological staining reveals that Hv1-deficiency aggravates OVA-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissues. The expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 are markedly increased in lung tissues of OVA-challenged KO mice compared with that of WT mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of NOX2, NOX4 and DUOX1 are dramatically increased, while the expression levels of SOD2 and catalase are significantly reduced in lung tissues of OVA-challenged KO mice compared with that of WT mice. The production of ROS in lung tissues of KO mice is significantly higher than that of WT mice after OVA challenge. Our data suggest that Hv1-deficiency might aggravate the development of allergic asthma through increasing ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Du
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physical Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huimin Pang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physical Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital affiliated to Nankai University, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yongfa Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physical Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shu Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physical Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Qilu Institute of Technology, Shandong 250200, P. R. China.
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217
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Gutiérrez JM, Albulescu LO, Clare RH, Casewell NR, Abd El-Aziz TM, Escalante T, Rucavado A. The Search for Natural and Synthetic Inhibitors That Would Complement Antivenoms as Therapeutics for Snakebite Envenoming. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:451. [PMID: 34209691 PMCID: PMC8309910 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A global strategy, under the coordination of the World Health Organization, is being unfolded to reduce the impact of snakebite envenoming. One of the pillars of this strategy is to ensure safe and effective treatments. The mainstay in the therapy of snakebite envenoming is the administration of animal-derived antivenoms. In addition, new therapeutic options are being explored, including recombinant antibodies and natural and synthetic toxin inhibitors. In this review, snake venom toxins are classified in terms of their abundance and toxicity, and priority actions are being proposed in the search for snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), three-finger toxin (3FTx), and serine proteinase (SVSP) inhibitors. Natural inhibitors include compounds isolated from plants, animal sera, and mast cells, whereas synthetic inhibitors comprise a wide range of molecules of a variable chemical nature. Some of the most promising inhibitors, especially SVMP and PLA2 inhibitors, have been developed for other diseases and are being repurposed for snakebite envenoming. In addition, the search for drugs aimed at controlling endogenous processes generated in the course of envenoming is being pursued. The present review summarizes some of the most promising developments in this field and discusses issues that need to be considered for the effective translation of this knowledge to improve therapies for tackling snakebite envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (T.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Laura-Oana Albulescu
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (L.-O.A.); (R.H.C.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Rachel H. Clare
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (L.-O.A.); (R.H.C.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Nicholas R. Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (L.-O.A.); (R.H.C.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (T.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Rucavado
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (T.E.); (A.R.)
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218
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Algahtani MS, Ahmad MZ, Shaikh IA, Abdel-Wahab BA, Nourein IH, Ahmad J. Thymoquinone Loaded Topical Nanoemulgel for Wound Healing: Formulation Design and In-Vivo Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:3863. [PMID: 34202733 PMCID: PMC8270244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone is a natural bioactive with significant therapeutic activity against multiple ailments including wound healing. The poor aqueous solubility and low skin permeability limit its therapeutic efficacy. The present investigation aimed to improve the biopharmaceutical attributes of thymoquinone to enhance its topical efficacy in wound healing. A nanoemulsion-based hydrogel system was designed and characterized as a nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of thymoquinone, utilizing a high-energy emulsification technique. The black seed oil, as a natural home of thymoquinone, was utilized to improve the drug loading capacity of the developed nanoemulsion system and reduced the oil droplet size to <100 nm through ultrasonication. The influence of formulation composition, and the ultrasonication process conditions, were investigated on the mean globule size and polydispersity index of the generated nanoemulsion. Irrespective of surfactant/co-surfactant ratio and % concentration of surfactant/co-surfactant mixture, the ultrasonication time had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on the mean droplet size and polydispersity index of the generated nanoemulsion. The developed nanoemulgel system of thymoquinone demonstrated the pseudoplastic behavior with thixotropic properties, and this behavior is desirable for topical application. The nanoemulgel system of thymoquinone exhibited significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in skin penetrability and deposition characteristics after topical administration compared to the conventional hydrogel system. The developed nanoemulgel system of thymoquinone exhibited quicker and early healing in wounded Wistar rats compared to the conventional hydrogel of thymoquinone, while showing comparable healing efficacy with respect to marketed silver sulfadiazine (1%) cream. Furthermore, histopathology analysis of animals treated with a developed formulation system demonstrated the formation of the thick epidermal layer, papillary dermis along with the presence of extensive and organized collagen fibers in newly healed tissues. The outcome of this investigation signifies that topical delivery of thymoquinone through nanoemulgel system is a promising candidate which accelerates the process of wound healing in preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.S.); (B.A.A.-W.)
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.S.); (B.A.A.-W.)
| | - Ihab Hamed Nourein
- Department of Clinical Laboratory (Histopathology and Cytology), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.Z.A.)
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Gastroprotective Effect of Ethanol Extracts from Bark of Magnolia officinalis on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6688414. [PMID: 34159200 PMCID: PMC8187047 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6688414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Magnolia officinalis Rehd. and Wils. is widely used in Asian countries because of its multiple pharmacological effects. This study investigated the gastroprotective effect and mechanisms of the ethanol extracts from the bark of Magnolia officinalis (MOE) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Methods. MOE was prepared by reflux extraction with 70% ethanol, and its main compounds were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of MOE in vitro. The gastroprotective effects of MOE were evaluated by the area of gastric injury, H&E (hematoxylin-eosin), and PAS (periodic acid-Schiff). The mechanism was explored by measuring the levels of cytokines and protein in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Results. 30 compounds were identified from MOE, mainly including lignans and alkaloids. MOE presented a high antioxidant activity in several oxidant in vitro systems. Gastric ulcer index and histological examination showed that MOE reduced ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in a dose-dependent manner. MOE pretreatment significantly restored the depleted activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the gastric tissue in rats. In addition, MOE also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions. The gastroprotective effect of MOE was attributed to the inhibition of oxidative stress and the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. The results provided substantial evidence that MOE could be a promising phytomedicine for gastric ulcer prevention.
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Alelign T, Tessema TS, Debella A, Petros B. Evaluations of the curative efficacy of G. fruticosus solvent extracts in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar male rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:145. [PMID: 34011326 PMCID: PMC8136233 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopian folk medicine, there is a claim that medicinal plants can treat urolithiasis although there is insufficient scientific evidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the curative efficacy of Gomphocarpus fruticosus extracts in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic rats. METHODS Urolithiasis was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. The curative effects were evaluated after oral administrations of 200 mg/kg of the extracts from 15 to 28 days. Urine samples were collected 1 day before sacrificing the rats. Blood, liver and kidney samples were gathered under anaesthetic condition at day 28. Crystals in the urine were also analyzed by light microscopy. RESULTS G. fruticosus EtOAc extract reduced significantly the level of sodium (P < 0.001), whereas it was significantly elevated the levels of magnesium and citrate (P < 0.01) compared to lithiatic control. G. fruticosus BuOH extract lowered the levels of potassium (P < 0.01), calcium and phosphate in urolithiatic rats. It was also observed that G. fruticosus EtOAc extract decreased the level of oxalate in the urine (P < 0.001), whereas it was increased the levels of magnesium (P < 0.05) and citrate (P < 0.01) in serum analysis after exposure to BuOH extract. In the kidneys, CaOx crystal deposits were reduced significantly by G. fruticosus EtOAc extract (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION It has been noted that G. fruticosus EtOAc extract was potent in treating urolithiasis. However, further study is required to assess the efficacy of the active compounds against urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Alelign
- Department of Microbial, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biology, Debre Birhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfaye Sisay Tessema
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Debella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional and Modern Medicine Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Petros
- Department of Microbial, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wu YZ, Huang HT, Cheng TL, Lu YM, Lin SY, Ho CJ, Lee TC, Hsu CH, Huang PJ, Huang HH, Li JY, Su YD, Chen SC, Kang L, Chen CH. Application of microRNA in Human Osteoporosis and Fragility Fracture: A Systemic Review of Literatures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105232. [PMID: 34063380 PMCID: PMC8156577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as ideal entry points to the deregulated pathways in osteoporosis due to their relatively simple upstream and downstream relationships with other molecules in the signaling cascades. Our study aimed to give a comprehensive review of the already identified miRNAs in osteoporosis from human blood samples and provide useful information for their clinical application. A systematic literature search for relevant studies was conducted in the Pubmed database from inception to December 2020. We set two essential inclusion criteria: human blood sampling and design of controlled studies. We sorted the results of analysis on human blood samples according to the study settings and compiled the most promising miRNAs with analyzed diagnostic values. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo evidence for the mechanisms of the identified miRNAs was also illustrated. Based on both diagnostic value and evidence of mechanism from in vitro and in vivo experiments, miR-23b-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-300, miR-155-5p, miR-208a-3p, and miR-637 were preferred candidates in diagnostic panels and as therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to build sound foundations for the clinical usage of miRNAs in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Zung Wu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ti Huang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mou Lu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jung Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ching Lee
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Hsu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Ju Huang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Jhong-You Li
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Yu-De Su
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Records, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3209-209 (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-M.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.); (T.-C.L.); (C.-H.H.); (P.-J.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-D.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Musculoskeletal Regeneration Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80420, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3209-209 (C.-H.C.)
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Xu Y, Jin Y, Hong F, Ma Y, Yang J, Tang Y, Zhu Z, Wu J, Bao Q, Li L, Yao B, Li D, Ma C. MiR-664-3p suppresses osteoblast differentiation and impairs bone formation via targeting Smad4 and Osterix. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5025-5037. [PMID: 33942497 PMCID: PMC8178280 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by low bone mass and deteriorated microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fracture. Some miRNAs have been confirmed as potential modulators of osteoblast differentiation to maintain bone mass. Our miRNA sequencing results showed that miR-664-3p was significantly down-regulated during the osteogenic differentiation of the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. However, whether miR-664-3p has an impact on bone homeostasis remains unknown. In this study, we identified overexpression of miR-664-3p inhibited the osteoblast activity and matrix mineralization in vitro. Osteoblastic miR-664-3p transgenic mice exhibited reduced bone mass due to suppressed osteoblast function. Target prediction analysis and experimental validation confirmed Smad4 and Osterix (Osx) are the direct targets of miR-664-3p. Furthermore, specific inhibition of miR-664-3p by subperiosteal injection with miR-664-3p antagomir protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss. In addition, miR-664-3p expression was markedly higher in the serum from patients with osteoporosis compared to that from normal subjects. Taken together, this study revealed that miR-664-3p suppressed osteogenesis and bone formation via targeting Smad4 and Osx. It also highlights the potential of miR-664-3p as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yucui Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangling Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiashu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Oral Special Consultation, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianyi Bao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zamuz S, Munekata PE, Gullón B, Rocchetti G, Montesano D, Lorenzo JM. Citrullus lanatus as source of bioactive components: An up-to-date review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Das C, Bose A, Das D. Ayurvedic Balarista ameliorate anti-arthritic activity in adjuvant induced arthritic rats by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:228-237. [PMID: 34012869 PMCID: PMC8116770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Balarista is a fermented ayurvedic liquid preparation recommended as a good therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present investigation, the anti-arthritic activity of in-house Balarista formulation and marketed M1, M2, M3 and M4 Balarista formulations at the dose of 2.31 ml/kg were studied on Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Measurement of paw diameter, arthritic index, arthritic score, and body weight were made to assess the anti-arthritic activity. Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were carried out to ascertain the disease progression. The inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were measured by the ELISA method. The oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in tissues of joint, liver, spleen and kidney. The histological and radiological changes in the ankle joint of rats were also studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Administration of in-house and marketed formulations exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity by reducing all the arthritic parameters. The anomalous alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were remarkably restored. The expression level of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly suppressed in treated animals. The oxidative stress, indicated by an increase in lipid peroxidation, decreased in antioxidant enzyme i.e. superoxide dismutase and catalase along with non-enzymatic reduced glutathione in tissues, were strongly counteracted by the formulation. Abnormal changes in arthritic ankle joints shown by X-ray and histological examination were significantly protected by the formulation. The present study suggests that the administration of in-house and marketed Balarista formulations have produced a significant anti-arthritic effect by inhibiting free radicals and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Das
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751029, India
| | - A. Bose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751029, India
| | - D. Das
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751029, India
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Oxyresveratrol Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Rats by Suppressing Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092630. [PMID: 33946346 PMCID: PMC8124641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis causes destruction of the intestinal mucus layer and increases intestinal inflammation. The use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents derived from natural sources has been recently highlighted as a new approach for the treatment of colitis. Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is an antioxidant known to have various beneficial effects on human health, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and antiviral activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of OXY in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis. OXY ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and repaired damaged intestinal mucosa. OXY downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and chemokine gene MCP-1, while promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. OXY treatment also suppressed inflammation via inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the colon, as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). OXY exhibited anti-apoptotic effects, shifting the Bax/Bcl-2 balance. In conclusion, OXY might improve DSS-induced colitis by restoring the intestinal mucus layer and reducing inflammation within the intestine.
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226
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Tong S, Wang H, A LS, Bai TN, Gong JH, Jin WJ, Dai LL, Ba GN, Cho SB, Fu MH. Protective effect and mechanisms of action of Mongolian medicine Sulongga-4 on pyloric ligation-induced gastroduodenal ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1770-1784. [PMID: 33967556 PMCID: PMC8072194 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i16.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulongga-4 (SL-4) is a herbal formula used in traditional Mongolian medical clinics for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroenteritis, even though its pharmacological mechanism has not been well characterized.
AIM To evaluate the protective effect and identify the mechanisms of action of SL-4 on gastroduodenal ulcer induced by pyloric ligation (PL) in rats.
METHODS PL was performed to induce gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats, which were then treated with oral SL-4 (1.3, 2.6, or 3.9 g/kg per day) for 15 d. PL-induced gastroduodenal ulceration. Therapeutic effects were characterized by pathological and histological evaluations and inflammatory indicators were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microarray analyses were conducted to identify gene expression profiles of gastroduodenal tissue in PL rats with or without SL-4 treatment. The candidate target genes were selected and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS SL-4 decreased histopathological features in the PL-induced ulcerated rats. SL-4 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, endotoxin, platelet-activating factor, and increased prostaglandin E2 and epidermal growth factor in ulcer tissue. Microarray analysis was used to identify a panel of candidate target genes for SL-4 acting on PL-induced ulceration. Genes included some complement and coagulation cascade and retinol metabolism pathways that are closely associated with inflammatory responses and gastric mucosal protective mechanisms. qRT-PCR showed that altered expression of the selected genes, such as CYP2b2, UGT2b1, A2m, and MASP1 was consistent with the microarray results.
CONCLUSION SL-4 exerts protective effects against PL-induced gastroduodenal ulcers via reducing inflammatory cytokines and elevating expression of gastric acid inhibitory factors. Downregulation of CYP2b2 and UGT2b1 genes in retinol metabolism and upregulation of A2m and MASP1 genes in the complement and coagulation cascades pathways are possibly involved in SL-4-mediated protection against gastroduodenal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tong
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Mongolian Medicine Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Sha A
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Traditional Mongolian Medicine Research Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ta-Na Bai
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ju-Hua Gong
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Jie Jin
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Traditional Mongolian Medicine Research Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Li Dai
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Traditional Mongolian Medicine Research Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gen-Na Ba
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sung-Bo Cho
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ming-Hai Fu
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Traditional Mongolian Medicine Research Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Kim YK, Hwang JG, Park MK. No Relevant Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Between the Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin and Lobeglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, in Healthy Subjects. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1725-1734. [PMID: 33953542 PMCID: PMC8089085 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s302215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Combination therapy with insulin-independent sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and thiazolidinedione drugs, such as lobeglitazone, has been reported to elicit potential additive efficacy in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) drug–drug interactions between empagliflozin and lobeglitazone in healthy subjects. Subjects and Methods A randomized, open-label, multiple-dose study was conducted in 30 healthy subjects using a three-treatment, six-sequence, three-way crossover design. Subjects received one of the following treatments once daily for 5 days in each period: 25 mg empagliflozin, 0.5 mg lobeglitazone sulfate, or a combination. Serial blood sampling before every dose and up to 24 h after the last dose was performed during each treatment period. The PK parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods with the plasma empagliflozin and lobeglitazone concentrations. The absence of a PK interaction was construed as the 90% confidence interval (90% CI) of maximum concentration at steady state (Cmax,ss) and area under the concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUCtau) for combination therapy-to-monotherapy ratios within the limits of 0.80–1.25. Results The steady-state plasma empagliflozin and lobeglitazone concentration-time profiles of combination therapy and monotherapy were comparable in the 25 subjects who completed the study. Coadministration of empagliflozin with lobeglitazone did not affect empagliflozin PK (with 90% CIs of 0.956–1.150 and 0.945–1.133 for Cmax,ss and AUCtau, respectively). Likewise, empagliflozin did not affect lobeglitazone Cmax,ss or AUCtau (with 90% CIs of 0.869–0.995 and 0.851–1.018, respectively). All treatment groups tolerated mild adverse events well. Conclusion The lack of PK interactions between lobeglitazone and empagliflozin in combination therapy, along with their good tolerability, indicates that the two drugs can be coadministered without dose adjustment. Trial Registration Number NCT02854748, Registered on August 7, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyong Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Gi Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Sarker MMR, Khan F, Mohamed IN. Dengue Fever: Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya L. Leaves. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:610912. [PMID: 33981215 PMCID: PMC8109180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.610912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a very widespread mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Aedes aegypti virus, has been occurring during the monsoons every year. The prevalence and incidence of dengue fever and death due to its complications have been increased drastically in these recent years in Bangladesh, Philippines, Thailand, Brazil, and India. Recently, dengue had spread in an epidemic form in Bangladesh, Thailand, and Philippines. Although the infection affected a large number of people around the world, there is no established specific and effective treatment by synthetic medicines. In this subcontinent, Malaysia could effectively control its incidences and death of patients using alternative medication treatment mainly prepared from Carica papaya L. leaves along with proper care and hospitalization. Papaya leaves, their juice or extract, as well as their different forms of preparation have long been used traditionally for treating dengue fever and its complications to save patients’ lives. Although it is recommended by traditional healers, and the general public use Papaya leaves juice or their other preparations in dengue fever, this treatment option is strictly denied by the physicians offering treatment in hospitals in Bangladesh as they do not believe in the effectiveness of papaya leaves, thus suggesting to patients that they should not use them. In Bangladesh, 1,01,354 dengue patients have been hospitalized, with 179 deaths in the year 2019 according to information from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research as well as the Directorate General of Health Services of Bangladesh. Most of the patients died because of the falling down of platelets to dangerous levels and hemorrhage or serious bleeding. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review the scientific basis and effectiveness of Carica papaya L. leaves in treating dengue fever based on preclinical and clinical reports. Thrombocytopenia is one of the major conditions that is typical in cases of dengue infection. Besides, the infection and impairment of immunity are concerned with dengue patients. This review summarizes all the scientific reports on Carica papaya L. for its ability on three aspects of dengue: antiviral activities, prevention of thrombocytopenia and improvement of immunity during dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Cheras, Malaysia
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Sibeko L, Johns T. Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113812. [PMID: 33450288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cross-cultural comparison of plants used during lactation and the postpartum period offers insight into a largely overlooked area of ethnopharmacological research. Potential roles of phytochemicals in emerging models of interaction among immunity, inflammation, microbiome and nervous system effects on perinatal development have relevance for the life-long health of individuals and of populations in both traditional and contemporary contexts. AIM OF THE STUDY Delineate and interpret patterns of traditional and contemporary global use of medicinal plants ingested by mothers during the postpartum period relative to phytochemical activity on immune development and gastrointestinal microbiome of breastfed infants, and on maternal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published reviews and surveys on galactagogues and postpartum recovery practices plus ethnobotanical studies from around the world were used to identify and rank plants, and ascertain regional use patterns. Scientific literature for 20 most-cited plants based on frequency of publication was assessed for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidepressant, analgesic, galactagogic and safety properties. RESULTS From compilation of 4418 use reports related to 1948 species, 105 plant taxa were recorded ≥7 times, with the most frequently cited species, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Pimpinella anisum, Euphorbia hirta and Asparagus racemosus, 81, 64, 42, 40 and 38 times, respectively. Species and use vary globally, illustrated by the pattern of aromatic plants of culinary importance versus latex-producing plants utilized in North Africa/Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa with opposing predominance. For 18/20 of the plants a risk/benefit perspective supports assessment that positive immunomodulation and related potential exceed any safety concerns. Published evidence does not support a lactation-enhancing effect for nearly all the most-cited plants while antidepressant data for the majority of plants are predominately limited to animal studies. CONCLUSIONS Within a biocultural context traditional postpartum plant use serves adaptive functions for the mother-infant dyad and contributes phytochemicals absent in most contemporary diets and patterns of ingestion, with potential impacts on allergic, inflammatory and other conditions. Polyphenolics and other phytochemicals are widely immunologically active, present in breast milk and predominately non-toxic. Systematic analysis of phytochemicals in human milk, infant lumen and plasma, and immunomodulatory studies that differentiate maternal ingestion during lactation from pregnancy, are needed. Potential herb-drug interaction and other adverse effects should remain central to obstetric advising, but unless a plant is specifically shown as harmful, considering potential contributions to health of individuals and populations, blanket advisories against postpartum herbal use during lactation appear empirically unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Liang J, Lian L, Wang X, Li L. Thymoquinone, extract from Nigella sativa seeds, protects human skin keratinocytes against UVA-irradiated oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:21-27. [PMID: 33857815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation caused skin keratinocytes to accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the skin injury. Thymoquinone (TQ) was identified as the prominent bioactive ingredient in Nigella sativa seeds which was applied in therapying various human diseases. This study aimed to illustrate the role and mechanism of TQ in UVA-induced skin injury. We pre-treated HaCaT cells with TQ and irradiated them by UVA. MTT and Elisa assays were used to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, as well as cytokine levels. To detect the related parameters of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, bioluminescence, and dual-luciferase reporter methods were used. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed for expressions of related mRNAs and proteins. TQ significantly improved the UVA-induced cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells. TQ treatment alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammation in UVA-irradiated keratinocytes. Besides, UVA irradiation promoted mitochondrial dysregulation in HaCaT cells leading to cell apoptosis, which could be reversed by TQ treatment. More importantly, NrF2/ARE pathway was activated in TQ-treated cells, while COX-2 was depressed, and inhibiting the pathway or activating COX-2 blocked the therapeutic effect of TQ on UVA-induced skin cell injury. Our study suggested that TQ treatment attenuated the UVA-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses, as well as mitochondrial apoptosis in keratinocytes by COX-2 inhibition via activating NrF2/ARE pathway. This might be a novel sight for preventing the solar radiation damage to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cosmetology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China
| | - Liyang Lian
- Department of Dermatological, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Dermatological, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pain Area of Orthopedic, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 710064, China.
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Gou S, Qiu L, Yang Q, Li P, Zhou X, Sun Y, Zhou X, Zhao W, Zhai W, Li G, Wu Y, Ren Y, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Metformin leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the NFE2L1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 420:115523. [PMID: 33838154 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, as the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been shown to possess a capability to activate or inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different ways. However, the detailed mechanisms of the opposite effect are poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that metformin induces accumulation of ROS by inhibiting the expression of a core antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 1 (NFE2L1/Nrf1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. In the present study, we originally found that the increased ROS induced by metformin was blunted in NFE2L1 knockdown cell line. Furtherly by examining the effects of metformin on endogenous and exogenous NFE2L1, we also found metformin could not only inhibit the transcription of NFE2L1 gene, but also promote the degradation of NFE2L1 protein at the post-transcriptional level, whereas this effect can be reversed by high glucose. The inhibitory effect of metformin on NFE2L1 was investigated to occur through the N-terminal domain (NTD) of NFE2L1 protein, and its downregulation by metformin was in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-independent manner. But the activation of AMPK signaling pathway by metformin in NFE2L1 knockdown HepG2 cells is reversed, indicating that NFE2L1 may be an important regulator of AMPK signal. Altogether, this work provides a better understanding of the relationship between metformin and oxidative stress, and hence contributes to translational study of metformin through its hypoglycemic and tumor suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qiufang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiuman Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guodong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yonggang Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Gaglio SC, Donini M, Denbaes PE, Dusi S, Perduca M. Oxyresveratrol Inhibits R848-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Mediators Release by Human Dendritic Cells Even When Embedded in PLGA Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082106. [PMID: 33916909 PMCID: PMC8067564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol, a stilbene extracted from the plant Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., has been reported to provide a considerable anti-inflammatory activity. Since the mechanisms of this therapeutic action have been poorly clarified, we investigated whether oxyresveratrol affects the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α by human dendritic cells (DCs). We found that oxyresveratrol did not elicit per se the release of these cytokines, but inhibited their secretion induced upon DC stimulation with R848 (Resiquimod), a well-known immune cell activator engaging receptors recognizing RNA viruses. We then investigated whether the inclusion of oxyresveratrol into nanoparticles promoting its ingestion by DCs could favor its effects on cytokine release. For this purpose we synthesized and characterized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, and we assessed their effects on DCs. We found that bare PLGA nanoparticles did not affect cytokine secretion by resting DCs, but increased IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion by R848-stimulated DCs, an event known as “priming effect”. We then loaded PLGA nanoparticles with oxyresveratrol and we observed that oxyresveratrol-bearing particles did not stimulate the cytokine release by resting DCs and inhibited the PLGA-dependent enhancement of IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion by R848-stimulated DCs. The results herein reported indicate that oxyresveratrol suppresses the cytokine production by activated DCs, thus representing a good anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive agent. Moreover, its inclusion into PLGA nanoparticles mitigates the pro-inflammatory effects due to cooperation between nanoparticles and R848 in cytokine release. Therefore, oxyresveratrol can be able to contrast the synergistic effects of nanoparticles with microorganisms that could be present in the patient tissues, therefore overcoming a condition unfavorable to the use of some nanoparticles in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Calogero Gaglio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
| | - Marta Donini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Piyachat Evelyn Denbaes
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7124 (S.D.); +39-045-802-7984 (M.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7124 (S.D.); +39-045-802-7984 (M.P.)
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Liu JX, Zhang Y, Yuan HY, Liang J. The treatment of asthma using the Chinese Materia Medica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113558. [PMID: 33186702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asthma is a costly global health problem that negatively influences the quality of life of patients. The Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) contains remedies that have been used for the treatment of asthma for millennia. This article strives to systematically summarize the current research progress so that more comprehensive examinations of various databases related to CMM anti-asthma drugs, can be performed, so as to sequentially provide effective basic data for development and application of anti-asthma drugs based on the CMM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research data published over the past 20 years for asthma treatment based on traditional CMM remedies were retrieved and collected from libraries and online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubChem Compound, Wan Fang, CNKI, Baidu, and Google Scholar). Information was also added from classic CMM, literature, conference papers on classic herbal formulae, and dissertations (PhD or Masters) based on traditional Chinese medicine. RESULTS This review systematically summarizes the experimental studies on the treatment of asthma with CMM, covering the effective chemical components, typical asthma models, important mechanisms and traditional anti-asthma CMM formulae. The therapy value of the CMM for anti-asthma is clarified, and the original data and theoretical research foundation are provided for the development of new anti-asthmatic data and research for the CMM. CONCLUSIONS Substantial progress against asthma has been made through relevant experimental research based on the CMM. These advances improved the theoretical basis of anti-asthma drugs for CMM and provided a theoretical basis for the application of a asthma treatment that is unique. By compiling these data, it is expected that the CMM will now contain a clearer mechanism of action and a greater amount of practical data that can be used for future anti-asthma drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Nursing College, 209 Academy Road, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
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234
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Balkrishna A, Verma S, Sharma P, Tomer M, Srivastava J, Varshney A. Comprehensive and Rapid Quality Evaluation Method for the Ayurvedic Medicine Divya-Swasari-Vati Using Two Analytical Techniques: UPLC/QToF MS and HPLC-DAD. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:297. [PMID: 33801579 PMCID: PMC8067215 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Divya-Swasari-Vati (DSV) is a calcium-containing herbal medicine formulated for the symptomatic control of respiratory illnesses observed in the current COVID-19 pandemic. DSV is an Ayurvedic medicine used for the treatment of chronic cough and inflammation. The formulation has shown its pharmacological effects against SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation in the humanized zebrafish model. The present inventive research aimed to establish comprehensive quality parameters of the DSV formulation using validated chromatographic analytical tools. Exhaustive identification of signature marker compounds present in the plant ingredients was carried out using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QToF MS). This was followed by simultaneous estimation of selected marker components using rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Eleven marker components, namely gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, methyl gallate, ellagic acid, coumarin, cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizin, eugenol, 6-gingerol, piperine and glabridin, were selected out of seventy-four identified makers for the quantitative analysis in DSV formulation. Validation of the HPLC method was evaluated by its linearity, precision, and accuracy tests as per the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Calibration curves for the eleven marker compounds showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.999). The relative standard deviation (RSD) value of intraday and interday precision tests were within the prescribed limits. The accuracy test results ranged from 92.75% to 100.13%. Thus, the present inclusive approach is first of its kind employing multi-chromatographic platforms for identification and quantification of the marker components in DSV, which could be applied for routine standardization of DSV and other related formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
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Hu J, Luo J, Zhang M, Wu J, Zhang Y, Kong H, Qu H, Cheng G, Zhao Y. Protective Effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis Carbonisata-Based Carbon Dots Against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2461-2475. [PMID: 33814910 PMCID: PMC8009542 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis carbonisata-based carbon dots (RSFC-CDs) on an ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer rat model. METHODS The structure, optical properties, functional groups and elemental composition of RSFC-CDs synthesized by one-step pyrolysis were characterized. The gastric protective effects of RSFC-CDs were evaluated and confirmed by applying a rat model of ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers. The underlying mechanisms were investigated through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway and oxidative stress. RESULTS RSFC-CDs with a diameter ranging from 2-3 nm mainly showed gastric protective effects by reducing the levels of NF-κB, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to inhibit ethanol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION RSFC-CDs have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, making them promising for application in ethanol-induced gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiashu Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, 276000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Ahsan H, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Shahzad M, Asim MH, Akram M, Zafar MS. Anti-rheumatic activity of pseudoephedrine (a substituted phenethylamine) in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by down regulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as upregulating IL-4 and IL-10. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:673-682. [PMID: 33772383 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoephedrine (substituted phenethylamine) is well known as psychotic and bronchodilator. Numerous studies on phenethylamine derivatives indicated that these agents have the potential to abolish inflammatory responses in the non-biological and biological systems. These facts provided the basis to conduct a study on pseudoephedrine to explore its therapeutics in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Furthermore, existing treatment approaches for RA associated with limited effect on chronic immunological models. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was performed to execute the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in treated and non-treated arthritic rats. These findings were further co investigate by histological observations. The paw volume, paw diameter, weight variations and arthritic score were determined at specific days throughout the experiment of 28 days. Pseudoephedrine at all doses significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the expression of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, pseudoephedrine (20 and 40 mg/kg) caused significant augmentation of IL-4 and IL-10. Similarly, the drug expressed a significant anti-arthritic effect by reducing the paw volume, paw diameter and arthritic score. Similarly, it also reverts the reduction in body weight of arthritic rats at all above-mentioned doses. These findings supported the anti-arthritic potential of pseudoephedrine and recommended it for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
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Mor S, Khatri M, Punia R, Sindhu S. Recent Progress on Anticancer Agents Incorporating Pyrazole Scaffold. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:115-163. [PMID: 33823764 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210325115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search of new anticancer agents is considered as a dynamic field of medicinal chemistry. In recent years, the synthesis of compounds with anticancer potential has increased and a large number of structurally varied compounds displaying potent anticancer activities have been published. Pyrazole is an important biologically active scaffold that possessed nearly all types of biological activities. The aim of this review is to collate literature work reported by researchers to provide an overview on in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of pyrazole based derivatives among the diverse biological activities displayed by them and also presents recent efforts made on this heterocyclic moiety regarding anticancer activities. This review has been driven from the increasing number of publications, on this issue, which have been reported in the literature since the ending of the 20th century (from 1995-to date).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Mor
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Mohini Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Ravinder Punia
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Suchita Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
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238
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Liu Y, Sui D, Fu W, Sun L, Li Y, Yu P, Yu X, Zhou Y, Xu H. Protective effects of polysaccharides from Panax ginseng on acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:2741-2749. [PMID: 33681872 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02947e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is a traditional medicine used in China to treat many diseases. Polysaccharides are primary active components and have many pharmacological effects. Gastric ulcer is a serious gastrointestinal disease. However, whether polysaccharides influence gastric ulcers is unclear. In this study, the effective gastroprotective impacts and potential mechanisms of Panax ginseng polysaccharides (GPS) on gastric damage induced by ethanol in rats were investigated by macroscopically evaluating gastric mucosal injuries (improved ulcer index (UI)), histopathological staining (H&E and PAS), increased NO and PGE2 levels, and suppression of oxidative stress (increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA)) and inflammation (reduced tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)). Pretreatment with GPS ameliorated the expression of I-κB/NF-κB and JAK/STAT proteins in the rat stomach exposed to ethanol. The results indicated that GPS prevent ethanol-induced gastric injuries in rats by predominantly suppressing gastric inflammation and oxidative stress through NF-κB and STAT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria have a major impact on virtually all processes linked to oncogenesis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism inhibition has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. In this review, we discuss the anticancer potential of mitochondrial inhibitors, with particular focus on metformin, in the context of more effective, targeted therapeutic modalities, and diagnostic strategies for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Metformin has gained interest as an antitumor agent. However, promising results have not been translated into remarkable advances in the clinical practice. Recent findings emphasize the need of providing a metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors may elicit its anticancerous effects. In addition, mitochondria are critical regulators in orchestrating immune responses. Thus, the immunomodulatory effect of mitochondrial inhibitors should also be taken into account to optimize its clinical use. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic network represents a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. However, there is a need to define the metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors are more effective, as well as how the cross-talk between many immunological functions and mitochondrial functionality may be exploited for a therapeutic benefit in cancer patients.
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Lv X, Xu Z, Xu G, Li H, Wang C, Chen J, Sun J. Investigation of the active components and mechanisms of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma based on a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation. Food Funct 2021; 11:3032-3042. [PMID: 32186565 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the active components of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma and the related mechanisms by a network pharmacology approach. The active components of Schisandra chinensis and the corresponding targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Eight active components in Schisandra chinensis and 56 related targets were screened out according to two indicators, oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL). A total of 132 targets related to asthma were screened out through Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) data. The String database and Cytoscape software were used to build the "drug-active compound-target" network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The key targets were further predicted by the analysis of related biological processes and the pathway-enrichment. A total of 10 intersection targets between Schisandra chinensis and asthma were obtained by building Venn diagrams, and lignans in Schisandra chinensis were found to be associated with asthma. The key targets Ptgs2 and Nos2 were further screened out, and schisandrol B (SCB) was predicted as the most related key component to asthma. A mouse asthma model was established with ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide for verifying the effect of SCB and related mechanisms. The results showed that SCB could inhibit the gene expression of proinflammatory factors to play a therapeutic role in asthma by reducing the expression of Nos2 and Ptgs2 and regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway to intervene in the process of cell metabolism in mice. These results suggest that SCB can alleviate the severity of asthma through the mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology, and provide a basis for further understanding of the application of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhiying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - Guangyu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - He Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | | | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
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Ahmad S, Zahiruddin S, Parveen B, Basist P, Parveen A, Gaurav, Parveen R, Ahmad M. Indian Medicinal Plants and Formulations and Their Potential Against COVID-19-Preclinical and Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578970. [PMID: 33737875 PMCID: PMC7962606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of COVID-19 are still increasing day-by-day worldwide, even after a year of its first occurrence in Wuhan city of China. The spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection is very fast and different from other SARS-CoV infections possibly due to structural differences in S proteins. The patients with severe diseases may die due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by systemic inflammatory reactions due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the immune effector cells. In India too, it is spreading very rapidly, although the case fatality rate is below 1.50% (https://www.statista.com), which is markedly less than in other countries, despite the dense population and minimal health infrastructure in rural areas. This may be due to the routine use of many immunomodulator medicinal plants and traditional AYUSH formulations by the Indian people. This communication reviews the AYUSH recommended formulations and their ingredients, routinely used medicinal plants and formulations by Indian population as well as other promising Indian medicinal plants, which can be tested against COVID-19. Special emphasis is placed on Indian medicinal plants reported for antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory activities and they are categorized for prioritization in research on the basis of earlier reports. The traditional AYUSH medicines currently under clinical trials against COVID-19 are also discussed as well as furtherance of pre-clinical and clinical testing of the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. The results of the clinical studies on AYUSH drugs will guide the policymakers from the AYUSH systems of medicines to maneuver their policies for public health, provide information to the global scientific community and could form a platform for collaborative studies at national and global levels. It is thereby suggested that promising AYUSH formulations and Indian medicinal plants must be investigated on a priority basis to solve the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Parakh Basist
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
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Hong L, Sun H, Amendt BA. MicroRNA function in craniofacial bone formation, regeneration and repair. Bone 2021; 144:115789. [PMID: 33309989 PMCID: PMC7869528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation in the craniofacial complex is regulated by cranial neural crest (CNC) and mesoderm-derived cells. Different elements of the developing skull, face, mandible, maxilla (jaws) and nasal bones are regulated by an array of transcription factors, signaling molecules and microRNAs (miRs). miRs are molecular modulators of these factors and act to restrict their expression in a temporal-spatial mechanism. miRs control the different genetic pathways that form the craniofacial complex. By understanding how miRs function in vivo during development they can be adapted to regenerate and repair craniofacial genetic anomalies as well as bone diseases and defects due to traumatic injuries. This review will highlight some of the new miR technologies and functions that form new bone or inhibit bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; The University of Iowa, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa City, IA, USA; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Improved efficacy of Panax notoginseng saponin loaded into BSP/alginate microspheres for the treatment of alcoholic gastric ulcers. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120218. [PMID: 33493598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported the evaluations of alginate and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) in formulation of microsphere, which is a muco-adhesive carrier and can achieve a long duration of gastric retention. The combination of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) and B. striata is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is used to treat gastric ulcers. BSP, an effective ingredient of B. striata, possesses both medicinal and excipient functions. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS), which can easily dissolve in water, is the main effective ingredient in P. notoginseng (Burk.) for the treatment of gastric ulcers. However, microspheres containing PNS could directly cause drug leakage, ultimately reducing the encapsulation rate. In this study, PNS was fabricated into a hydrophobic dispersion with slow-release characteristics. Subsequently, PNS was packaged into BSP/alginate microspheres to improve the encapsulation rate. The prepared PNS-loaded microspheres were round, the release characteristics aligned with the Weibull equation, and the active ingredients were released by diffusion and erosion. The developed microspheres improved the effects of PNS and synergistically exerted the pharmaceutical effects of BSP on acute gastric ulcers.
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Mazziotta C, Lanzillotti C, Iaquinta MR, Taraballi F, Torreggiani E, Rotondo JC, Otòn-Gonzalez L, Mazzoni E, Frontini F, Bononi I, De Mattei M, Tognon M, Martini F. MicroRNAs Modulate Signaling Pathways in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2362. [PMID: 33673409 PMCID: PMC7956574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues and they have been closely studied in recent years, especially in view of their potential use for treating diseases and damaged tissues and organs. MSCs are capable of self-replication and differentiation into osteoblasts and are considered an important source of cells in tissue engineering for bone regeneration. Several epigenetic factors are believed to play a role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that are able to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by binding the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, which can be subsequently degraded or translationally silenced. MiRNAs control gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating two crucial signaling cascades in osteogenesis: the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and the Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of the miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation and how these miRNAs could regulate the expression of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Carmen Lanzillotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Lucia Otòn-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Frontini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 70, Eliporto Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Raish M, Shahid M, Bin Jardan YA, Ansari MA, Alkharfy KM, Ahad A, Abdelrahman IA, Ahmad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622815. [PMID: 33716749 PMCID: PMC7946842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of sinapic acid (SA) in terms of the mechanism underlying its gastroprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: These effects were examined through gross macroscopic evaluation of the stomach cavity [gastric ulcer index (GUI)], alteration in pH, gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity, total gastric wall mucus, and changes in PGE2. In addition, we evaluated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant systems (catalase and glutathione), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB (p65)], NO levels, and histopathological staining (H and E and PAS). Results: In rats with ethanol-induced ulcers, pre-treatment with SA (40 mg/kg p. o.) decreased the sternness of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries by decreasing the GUI, gastric juice volume, free acidity, and total acidity. In addition, the pH and total gastric mucosa were increased, together with histopathological alteration, neutrophil incursion, and increases in PGE2 and NO2. These effects were similar to those observed for omeprazole, a standard anti-ulcer drug. SA was shown to suppress gastric inflammation through decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO, as well as curbing gastric oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoration of depleted glutathione and catalase activity. SA inhibited Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 activity, and restored the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2; these findings indicate the antiapoptotic potential of SA, leading to enhanced cell survival. SA also repressed NF-κB signaling and increased IκBα. Moreover, SA upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby restoring depleted antioxidant defense enzymes and implicating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prophylactic administration of SA (40 mg/kg) can ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats primarily via the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling and subsequent enhancement of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dey A, Hazra AK, Mukherjee A, Nandy S, Pandey DK. Chemotaxonomy of the ethnic antidote Aristolochia indica for aristolochic acid content: Implications of anti-phospholipase activity and genotoxicity study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113416. [PMID: 32980485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aristolochia indica L. (Aristolochiaceae) is a common medicinal plant described in many traditional medicine as well as in Ayurveda used against snakebites. Besides, the plant has also been reported traditionally against fever, rheumatic arthritis, madness, liver ailments, dyspepsia, oedema, leishmaniasis, leprosy, dysmenorrhoea, sexual diseases etc. The plant is known to contain its major bioactive constituent aristolochic acid (AA) known for its anti-snake venom, abortifacient, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS This present work describes a validated, fast and reproducible high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to estimate AA from the roots of 20 chemotypes of A. indica procured from 20 diverse geographical locations from the state of West Bengal, India. Further, an evidence-based approach was adopted to investigate the reported anti-venom activity of the aqueous extracts of the A. indica roots by assessing its phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitory properties since PLA2 is a major component of many snake-venoms. Finally, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the aqueous root extract of the Purulia (AI 1) chemotype were assessed at various concentrations using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. RESULTS The highest amount of AA (7643.67 μg/g) was determined in the roots of A. indica chemotype collected from Purulia district followed by the chemotypes collected from Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri and Birbhum districts (7398.34, 7345.09 and 6809.97 μg/g respectively). This study not only determines AA in the plants to select pharmacologically elite chemotypes of A. indica, but it also identifies high AA producing A. indica for further domestication and propagation of the plants for pharmacological and industrial applications. The method was validated via analyzing inter-day and intra-day precision, repeatability, reproducibility, instrumental precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) and specificity. Chemotypes with high AA content exhibited superior anti-PLA2 activity by selectively inhibiting human-group PLA2. Moreover, A. indica root extract significantly inhibited mitosis in Allium cepa root tips as a potent clastogen. CONCLUSIONS The present quick, reproducible and validated HPTLC method provides an easy tool to determine AA in natural A. indica plant populations as well as in food and dietary supplements, a potential antivenin at one hand and a possible cause of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) at another. Besides, the cytotoxic and mitotoxic properties of the root extracts should be used with caution especially for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Alok Kumar Hazra
- IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
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Lee BW, Ha JH, Ji Y, Jeong SH, Kim JH, Lee J, Park JY, Kwon HJ, Jung K, Kim JC, Ryu YB, Lee IC. Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Mucus Overproduction in a Murine Model of Ovalbumin-Challenged Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:614442. [PMID: 33643046 PMCID: PMC7902870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.614442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. (AH), a member of the Betulaceae family, is widely used in Eastern Asia of as a source of medicinal compounds for the treatment of hemorrhage, diarrhea, and alcoholism. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of a methanolic extract of AH branches against airway inflammation and mucus production in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma mouse model. Female BALB/c mice were injected with OVA (40 μg) and aluminum hydroxide (2 mg) on days 0 and 14 to induce allergic airway inflammation. The mice were then challenged with 1% OVA from days 21–23. Mice were treated with AH (50 and 100 mg/kg/day; 2% DMSO) or dexamethasone (positive control; 3 mg/kg/day) from days 18–23. AH treatment effectively attenuated airway resistance/hyperresponsiveness and reduced levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, eotaxins, and number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin E in serums of OVA-challenged mice. In histological analysis, AH treatment significantly inhibited airway inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged mice. AH treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha, p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (p65NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases with suppression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in lung tissue. Moreover, AH treatment decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2 cytokines, as well as MUC5AC expression, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65NF-κB in TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. These results indicate that AH might represent a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yeongseon Ji
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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Zhou Y, Ji X, Chen J, Fu Y, Huang J, Guo R, Zhou J, Cen J, Zhang Q, Chu A, Huang Y, Xu C, Wang F. Short-chain fatty acid butyrate: A novel shield against chronic gastric ulcer. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:329. [PMID: 33732302 PMCID: PMC7903393 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is one of the most abundant short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal bacteria. In the present study, the action of butyrate on chronic gastric mucosa lesions was investigated, as well as its underlying mechanism in mice. Male mice from the Institute of Cancer Research were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, model and butyrate groups. Butyrate was administered intragastrically for 7 days to butyrate group mice following the establishment of a gastric ulcer model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism of butyrate treatment. The findings demonstrated that butyrate induced a marked shift in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, along with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels, thereby attenuating oxidative stress. Furthermore, butyrate decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and leukotriene B4, which helped combat inflammatory responses. Moreover, butyrate treatment exerted remarkable positive influences that mediate an increase in 6-keto-PGF-1α (a degradation product of prostacyclin), trefoil factor 2, MUC5AC and fibroblast growth factor-7 levels to promote gastric mucosal repair. The expression of specific receptor GPR109A for butyrate was upregulated, with no significant difference noted in the expression of GPR43 or GPR41. Overall, the present findings revealed that butyrate exerted therapeutic effects by upregulating mucosal repair factors and stimulating protective responses against oxidation and inflammation. GPR109A may be the key receptor for butyrate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Juewei Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jianke Cen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Anne Chu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yingpeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Changlong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Dynamic proteomic profiling of human periodontal ligament stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:98. [PMID: 33536073 PMCID: PMC7860046 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are ideal seed cells for periodontal regeneration. A greater understanding of the dynamic protein profiles during osteogenic differentiation contributed to the improvement of periodontal regeneration tissue engineering. Methods Tandem Mass Tag quantitative proteomics was utilized to reveal the temporal protein expression pattern during osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs on days 0, 3, 7 and 14. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were clustered and functional annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, followed by the predicted activation using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Interaction networks of redox-sensitive signalling pathways and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were conducted and the hub protein SOD2 was validated with western blotting. Results A total of 1024 DEPs were identified and clustered in 5 distinctive clusters representing dynamic tendencies. The GO enrichment results indicated that proteins with different tendencies show different functions. Pathway enrichment analysis found that OXPHOS was significantly involved, which further predicted continuous activation. Redox-sensitive signalling pathways with dynamic activation status showed associations with OXPHOS to various degrees, especially the sirtuin signalling pathway. SOD2, an important component of the sirtuin pathway, displays a persistent increase during osteogenesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020908. Conclusion This is the first in-depth dynamic proteomic analysis of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. It demonstrated a dynamic regulatory mechanism of hPDLSC osteogenesis and might provide a new perspective for research on periodontal regeneration. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02123-6.
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Garcia J, Delany AM. MicroRNAs regulating TGFβ and BMP signaling in the osteoblast lineage. Bone 2021; 143:115791. [PMID: 33285257 PMCID: PMC7787082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review showcases miRNAs contributing to the regulation of bone forming osteoblasts through their effects on the TGFβ and BMP pathways, with a focus on ligands, receptors and SMAD-mediated signaling. The goal of this work is to provide a basis for broadly understanding the contribution of miRNAs to the modulation of TGFβ and BMP signaling in the osteoblast lineage, which may provide a rationale for potential therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the search strategy for this review was restricted to validated miRNA-target interactions within the canonical TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways; miRNA-target interactions based only bioinformatics are not presented. Specifically, this review discusses miRNAs targeting each of the TGFβ isoforms, as well as BMP2 and BMP7. Further, miRNAs targeting the signaling receptors TGFβR1 and TGFβR2, and those targeting the type 1 BMP receptors and BMPR2 are described. Lastly, miRNAs targeting the receptor SMADs, the common SMAD4 and the inhibitory SMAD7 are considered. Of these miRNAs, the miR-140 family plays a prominent role in inhibiting TGFβ signaling, targeting both ligand and receptor. Similarly, the miR-106 isoforms target both BMP2 and SMAD5 to inhibit osteoblastic differentiation. Many of the miRNAs targeting TGFβ and BMP signaling components are induced during fracture, mechanical unloading or estrogen deprivation. Localized delivery of miRNA-based therapeutics that modulate the BMP signaling pathway could promote bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Garcia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Anne M Delany
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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