201
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Recombinase-based conditional and reversible gene regulation via XTR alleles. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8783. [PMID: 26537451 PMCID: PMC4635517 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biological tools that enable precise regulation of gene function within in vivo systems have enormous potential to discern gene function in diverse physiological settings. Here we report the development and characterization of a synthetic gene switch that, when targeted in the mouse germline, enables conditional inactivation, reports gene expression and allows inducible restoration of the targeted gene. Gene inactivation and reporter expression is achieved through Cre-mediated stable inversion of an integrated gene-trap reporter, whereas inducible gene restoration is afforded by Flp-dependent deletion of the inverted gene trap. We validate our approach by targeting the p53 and Rb genes and establishing cell line and in vivo cancer model systems, to study the impact of p53 or Rb inactivation and restoration. We term this allele system XTR, to denote each of the allelic states and the associated expression patterns of the targeted gene: eXpressed (XTR), Trapped (TR) and Restored (R).
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202
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Castex MT, Arabo A, Bénard M, Roy V, Le Joncour V, Prévost G, Bonnet JJ, Anouar Y, Falluel-Morel A. Selenoprotein T Deficiency Leads to Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities and Hyperactive Behavior in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5818-5832. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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203
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Samuels BA, Anacker C, Hu A, Levinstein MR, Pickenhagen A, Tsetsenis T, Madroñal N, Donaldson ZR, Drew LJ, Dranovsky A, Gross CT, Tanaka KF, Hen R. 5-HT1A receptors on mature dentate gyrus granule cells are critical for the antidepressant response. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1606-16. [PMID: 26389840 PMCID: PMC4624493 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used antidepressants, but the mechanisms by which they influence behavior are only partially resolved. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is necessary for some of the responses to SSRIs, but it is unknown whether the mature dentate gyrus granule cells (mature DG GCs) also contribute. We deleted Serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1AR; a receptor required for the SSRI response) specifically from DG GCs and found that the effects of the SSRI fluoxetine on behavior and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis were abolished. By contrast, mice lacking 5HT1ARs only in young adult born granule cells (abGCs) showed normal fluoxetine responses. Importantly, 5HT1AR deficient mice engineered to express functional 5HT1ARs only in DG GCs responded to fluoxetine, indicating that 5HT1ARs in DG GCs are sufficient to mediate an antidepressant response. Taken together, these data indicate that both mature DG GCs and young abGCs must be engaged for an antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Adam Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christoph Anacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alice Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marjorie R Levinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anouchka Pickenhagen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theodore Tsetsenis
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Noelia Madroñal
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Zoe R Donaldson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liam John Drew
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alex Dranovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cornelius T Gross
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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204
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Chatterjee S, Sivakamasundari V, Kraus P, Yap SP, Kumar V, Prabhakar S, Lufkin T. Gene expression profiles of Bapx1 expressing FACS sorted cells from wildtype and Bapx1-EGFP null mouse embryos. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:103-105. [PMID: 26101748 PMCID: PMC4474491 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The data described in this article refers to Chatterjee et al. (2015) “In vivo genome-wide analysis of multiple tissues identifies gene regulatory networks, novel functions and downstream regulatory genes for Bapx1 and its co-regulation with Sox9 in the mammalian vertebral column” (GEO GSE35649) [1]. Transcriptional profiling combined with genome wide binding data is a powerful tool to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind vertebrate organogenesis. It also helps to uncover multiple roles of a single gene in different organs. In the above mentioned report we reveal the function of the homeobox gene Bapx1 during the embryogenesis of five distinct organs (vertebral column, spleen, gut, forelimb and hindlimb) at a relevant developmental stage (E12.5), microarray analysis of isolated wildtype and mutant cells in is compared in conjunction with ChIP-Seq analysis. We also analyzed the development of the vertebral column by comparing microarray and ChIP-Seq data for Bapx1 with similarly generated data sets for Sox9 to generate a gene regulatory network controlling various facets of the organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantra Chatterjee
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - V Sivakamasundari
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Sook Peng Yap
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Vibhor Kumar
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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205
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Kraemer N, Issa-Jahns L, Neubert G, Ravindran E, Mani S, Ninnemann O, Kaindl AM. Novel Alternative Splice Variants of Mouse Cdk5rap2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136684. [PMID: 26322982 PMCID: PMC4556188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a pronounced reduction of brain volume and intellectual disability. A current model for the microcephaly phenotype invokes a stem cell proliferation and differentiation defect, which has moved the disease into the spotlight of stem cell biology and neurodevelopmental science. Homozygous mutations of the Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2 are one genetic cause of MCPH. To further characterize the pathomechanism underlying MCPH, we generated a conditional Cdk5rap2 LoxP/hCMV Cre mutant mouse. Further analysis, initiated on account of a lack of a microcephaly phenotype in these mutant mice, revealed the presence of previously unknown splice variants of the Cdk5rap2 gene that are at least in part accountable for the lack of microcephaly in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kraemer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (AMK); (NK)
| | - Lina Issa-Jahns
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerda Neubert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shyamala Mani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (AMK); (NK)
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206
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Khan IS, Park CY, Mavropoulos A, Shariat N, Pollack JL, Barczak AJ, Erle DJ, McManus MT, Anderson MS, Jeker LT. Identification of MiR-205 As a MicroRNA That Is Highly Expressed in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135440. [PMID: 26270036 PMCID: PMC4535774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) support T cell development in the thymus. Cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) facilitate positive selection of developing thymocytes whereas medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) facilitate the deletion of self-reactive thymocytes in order to prevent autoimmunity. The mTEC compartment is highly dynamic with continuous maturation and turnover, but the genetic regulation of these processes remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of TEC genetic programs since miRNA-deficient TECs are severely defective. However, the individual miRNAs important for TEC maintenance and function and their mechanisms of action remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR-205 is highly and preferentially expressed in mTECs during both thymic ontogeny and in the postnatal thymus. This distinct expression is suggestive of functional importance for TEC biology. Genetic ablation of miR-205 in TECs, however, neither revealed a role for miR-205 in TEC function during homeostatic conditions nor during recovery from thymic stress conditions. Thus, despite its distinct expression, miR-205 on its own is largely dispensable for mTEC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran S. Khan
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chong Y. Park
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Mavropoulos
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nikki Shariat
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua L. Pollack
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Barczak
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael T. McManus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MSA); (LTJ)
| | - Lukas T. Jeker
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MSA); (LTJ)
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207
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Zhang H, Takeda H, Tsuji T, Kamiya N, Rajderkar S, Louie K, Collier C, Scott G, Ray M, Mochida Y, Kaartinen V, Kunieda T, Mishina Y. Generation of Evc2/Limbin global and conditional KO mice and its roles during mineralized tissue formation. Genesis 2015. [PMID: 26219237 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome (OMIM 225500) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized with chondrodysplastic dwarfism in association with abnormalities in oral cavity. Ciliary proteins EVC and EVC2 have been identified as causative genes and they play an important role on Hedgehog signal transduction. We have also identified a causative gene LIMBIN for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism (bcd) that is later identified as the bovine ortholog of EVC2. Here, we report generation of conventional and conditional mutant Evc2/Limbin alleles that mimics mutations found in EvC patients and bcd cattle. Resulted homozygous mice showed no ciliary localization of EVC2 and EVC and displayed reduced Hedgehog signaling activity in association with skeletal and oral defects similar to the EvC patients. Cartilage-specific disruption of Evc2/Limbin resulted in similar but milder skeletal defects, whereas osteoblast-specific disruption did not cause overt changes in skeletal system. Neural crest-specific disruption of Evc2/Limbin resulted in defective incisor growth similar to that seen in conventional knockouts; however, differentiation of amelobolasts was relatively normal in the conditional knockouts. These results showcased functions of EVC2/LIMBIN during formation of mineralized tissues. Availability of the conditional allele for this gene should facilitate further detailed analyses of the role of EVC2/LIMBIN in pathogenesis of EvC syndrome. genesis 53:612-626, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Haruko Takeda
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R & Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 1 Avenue De L'hôpital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Takehito Tsuji
- The Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan.,Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Sudha Rajderkar
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Ke'Ale Louie
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Crystal Collier
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Greg Scott
- Knock out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Manas Ray
- Knock out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiyuki Mochida
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- The Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan.,Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Knock out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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208
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Yan J, Zhang L, Sultana N, Park DS, Shekhar A, Bu L, Hu J, Razzaque S, Cai CL. A Murine Myh6MerCreMer Knock-In Allele Specifically Mediates Temporal Genetic Deletion in Cardiomyocytes after Tamoxifen Induction. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26204265 PMCID: PMC4512710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A mouse model that mediates temporal, specific, and efficient myocardial deletion with Cre-LoxP technology will be a valuable tool to determine the function of genes during heart formation. Mhy6 encodes a cardiac muscle specific protein: alpha-myosin heavy chain. Here, we generated a new Myh6-MerCreMer (Myh6(MerCreMer/+)) inducible Cre knock-in mouse by inserting a MerCreMer cassette into the Myh6 start codon. By crossing knock-in mice with Rosa26 reporter lines, we found the Myh6(MerCreMer/+) mice mediate complete Cre-LoxP recombination in cardiomyocytes after tamoxifen induction. X-gal staining and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that Myh6-driven Cre recombinase was specifically activated in cardiomyocytes at embryonic and adult stages. Furthermore, echocardiography showed that Myh6(MerCreMer/+) mice maintained normal cardiac structure and function before and after tamoxifen administration. These results suggest that the new Myh6(MerCreMer/+) mouse can serve as a robust tool to dissect the roles of genes in heart development and function. Additionally, myocardial progeny during heart development and after cardiac injury can be traced using this mouse line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David S. Park
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lei Bu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Shegufta Razzaque
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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209
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Wu YJ, Tejero R, Arancillo M, Vardar G, Korotkova T, Kintscher M, Schmitz D, Ponomarenko A, Tabares L, Rosenmund C. Syntaxin 1B is important for mouse postnatal survival and proper synaptic function at the mouse neuromuscular junctions. J Neurophysiol 2015. [PMID: 26203110 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00577.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STX1 is a major neuronal syntaxin protein located at the plasma membrane of the neuronal tissues. Rodent STX1 has two highly similar paralogs, STX1A and STX1B, that are thought to be functionally redundant. Interestingly, some studies have shown that the distribution patterns of STX1A and STX1B at the central and peripheral nervous systems only partially overlapped, implying that there might be differential functions between these paralogs. In the current study, we generated an STX1B knockout (KO) mouse line and studied the impact of STX1B removal in neurons of several brain regions and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We found that either complete removal of STX1B or selective removal of it from forebrain excitatory neurons in mice caused premature death. Autaptic hippocampal and striatal cultures derived from STX1B KO mice still maintained efficient neurotransmission compared with neurons from STX1B wild-type and heterozygous mice. Interestingly, examining high-density cerebellar cultures revealed a decrease in the spontaneous GABAergic transmission frequency, which was most likely due to a lower number of neurons in the STX1B KO cultures, suggesting that STX1B is essential for neuronal survival in vitro. Moreover, our study also demonstrated that although STX1B is dispensable for the formation of the mouse NMJ, it is required to maintain the efficiency of neurotransmission at the nerve-muscle synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ju Wu
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rocio Tejero
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; and
| | - Marife Arancillo
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gülcin Vardar
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatiana Korotkova
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kintscher
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Ponomarenko
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Tabares
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; and
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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210
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Jang CW, Shibata Y, Starmer J, Yee D, Magnuson T. Histone H3.3 maintains genome integrity during mammalian development. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1377-92. [PMID: 26159997 PMCID: PMC4511213 DOI: 10.1101/gad.264150.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histone H3.3 is a highly conserved histone H3 replacement variant in metazoans and has been implicated in many important biological processes, including cell differentiation and reprogramming. Germline and somatic mutations in H3.3 genomic incorporation pathway components or in H3.3 encoding genes have been associated with human congenital diseases and cancers, respectively. However, the role of H3.3 in mammalian development remains unclear. To address this question, we generated H3.3-null mouse models through classical genetic approaches. We found that H3.3 plays an essential role in mouse development. Complete depletion of H3.3 leads to developmental retardation and early embryonic lethality. At the cellular level, H3.3 loss triggers cell cycle suppression and cell death. Surprisingly, H3.3 depletion does not dramatically disrupt gene regulation in the developing embryo. Instead, H3.3 depletion causes dysfunction of heterochromatin structures at telomeres, centromeres, and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, leading to mitotic defects. The resulting karyotypical abnormalities and DNA damage lead to p53 pathway activation. In summary, our results reveal that an important function of H3.3 is to support chromosomal heterochromatic structures, thus maintaining genome integrity during mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wei Jang
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA
| | - Yoichiro Shibata
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA
| | - Joshua Starmer
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA
| | - Della Yee
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA
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211
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Förster M, Belle JI, Petrov JC, Ryder EJ, Clare S, Nijnik A. Deubiquitinase MYSM1 Is Essential for Normal Fetal Liver Hematopoiesis and for the Maintenance of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Adult Bone Marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1865-77. [PMID: 26125289 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MYSM1 is a chromatin-interacting deubiquitinase recently shown to be essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and normal progression of hematopoiesis in both mice and humans. However, it remains unknown whether the loss of function in Mysm1-deficient HSCs is due to the essential role of MYSM1 in establishing the HSC pool during development or due to a continuous requirement for MYSM1 in adult HSCs. In this study we, for the first time, address these questions first, by performing a detailed analysis of hematopoiesis in the fetal livers of Mysm1-knockout mice, and second, by assessing the effects of an inducible Mysm1 ablation on adult HSC functions. Our data indicate that MYSM1 is essential for normal HSC function and progression of hematopoiesis in the fetal liver. Furthermore, the inducible knockout model demonstrates a continuous requirement for MYSM1 to maintain HSC functions and antagonize p53 activation in adult bone marrow. These studies advance our understanding of the role of MYSM1 in HSC biology, and provide new insights into the human hematopoietic failure syndrome resulting from MYSM1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Förster
- 1 Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Complex Traits Group, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jad I Belle
- 1 Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Complex Traits Group, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica C Petrov
- 1 Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Complex Traits Group, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward J Ryder
- 3 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- 3 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- 1 Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Complex Traits Group, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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212
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Yan J, Sultana N, Zhang L, Park DS, Shekhar A, Hu J, Bu L, Cai CL. Generation of a tamoxifen inducible Tnnt2MerCreMer knock-in mouse model for cardiac studies. Genesis 2015; 53:377-86. [PMID: 26010701 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tnnt2, encoding thin-filament sarcomeric protein cardiac troponin T, plays critical roles in heart development and function in mammals. To develop an inducible genetic deletion strategy in myocardial cells, we generated a new Tnnt2:MerCreMer (Tnnt2(MerCreMer/+)) knock-in mouse. Rosa26 reporter lines were used to examine the specificity and efficiency of the inducible Cre recombinase. We found that Cre was specifically and robustly expressed in the cardiomyocytes at embryonic and adult stages following tamoxifen induction. The knock-in allele on Tnnt2 locus does not impact cardiac function. These results suggest that this new Tnnt2(MerCreMer/+) mouse could be applied towards the temporal genetic deletion of genes of interests in cardiomyocytes with Cre-LoxP technology. The Tnnt2(MerCreMer/+) mouse model also provides a useful tool to trace myocardial lineage during development and repair after cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - David S Park
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Lei Bu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
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213
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Urothelial Defects from Targeted Inactivation of Exocyst Sec10 in Mice Cause Ureteropelvic Junction Obstructions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129346. [PMID: 26046524 PMCID: PMC4457632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cases of congenital obstructive nephropathy are the result of ureteropelvic junction obstructions, and despite their high prevalence, we have a poor understanding of their etiology and scarcity of genetic models. The eight-protein exocyst complex regulates polarized exocytosis of intracellular vesicles in a large variety of cell types. Here we report generation of a conditional knockout mouse for Sec10, a central component of the exocyst, which is the first conditional allele for any exocyst gene. Inactivation of Sec10 in ureteric bud-derived cells using Ksp1.3-Cre mice resulted in severe bilateral hydronephrosis and complete anuria in newborns, with death occurring 6-14 hours after birth. Sec10 FL/FL;Ksp-Cre embryos developed ureteropelvic junction obstructions between E17.5 and E18.5 as a result of degeneration of the urothelium and subsequent overgrowth by surrounding mesenchymal cells. The urothelial cell layer that lines the urinary tract must maintain a hydrophobic luminal barrier again urine while remaining highly stretchable. This barrier is largely established by production of uroplakin proteins that are transported to the apical surface to establish large plaques. By E16.5, Sec10 FL/FL;Ksp-Cre ureter and pelvic urothelium showed decreased uroplakin-3 protein at the luminal surface, and complete absence of uroplakin-3 by E17.5. Affected urothelium at the UPJ showed irregular barriers that exposed the smooth muscle layer to urine, suggesting this may trigger the surrounding mesenchymal cells to overgrow the lumen. Findings from this novel mouse model show Sec10 is critical for the development of the urothelium in ureters, and provides experimental evidence that failure of this urothelial barrier may contribute to human congenital urinary tract obstructions.
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214
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Scotti M, Kherdjemil Y, Roux M, Kmita M. A Hoxa13:Cre mouse strain for conditional gene manipulation in developing limb, hindgut, and urogenital system. Genesis 2015; 53:366-76. [PMID: 25980463 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The developing limb is a useful model for studying organogenesis and developmental processes. Although Cre alleles exist for conditional loss- or gain-of-function in limbs, Cre alleles targeting specific limb subdomains are desirable. Here we report on the generation of the Hoxa13:Cre line, in which the Cre gene is inserted in the endogenous Hoxa13 gene. We provide evidence that the Cre is active in embryonic tissues/regions where the endogenous Hoxa13 gene is expressed. Our results show that cells expressing Hoxa13 in developing limb buds contribute to the entire autopod (hand/feet) skeleton and validate Hoxa13 as a distal limb marker as far as the skeleton is concerned. In contrast, in the limb musculature, Cre-based fate mapping shows that almost all muscle masses of the zeugopod (forearm) and part of the triceps contain Hoxa13-expressing cells and/or their descendants. Besides the limb, the activity of the Cre is detectable in the urogenital system and the hindgut, primarily in the epithelium and smooth muscles. Together our data show that the Hoxa13:Cre allele is a useful tool for conditional gene manipulation in the urogenital system, posterior digestive tract, autopod and part of the limb musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Scotti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montréal Québec, Canada
| | - Yacine Kherdjemil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montréal Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Roux
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montréal Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Kmita
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montréal Québec, Canada
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215
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Osteopetrorickets due to Snx10 deficiency in mice results from both failed osteoclast activity and loss of gastric acid-dependent calcium absorption. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005057. [PMID: 25811986 PMCID: PMC4374855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in sorting nexin 10 (Snx10) have recently been found to account for roughly 4% of all human malignant osteopetrosis, some of them fatal. To study the disease pathogenesis, we investigated the expression of Snx10 and created mouse models in which Snx10 was knocked down globally or knocked out in osteoclasts. Endocytosis is severely defective in Snx10-deficient osteoclasts, as is extracellular acidification, ruffled border formation, and bone resorption. We also discovered that Snx10 is highly expressed in stomach epithelium, with mutations leading to high stomach pH and low calcium solubilization. Global Snx10-deficiency in mice results in a combined phenotype: osteopetrosis (due to osteoclast defect) and rickets (due to high stomach pH and low calcium availability, resulting in impaired bone mineralization). Osteopetrorickets, the paradoxical association of insufficient mineralization in the context of a positive total body calcium balance, is thought to occur due to the inability of the osteoclasts to maintain normal calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. However, osteoclast-specific Snx10 knockout had no effect on calcium balance, and therefore led to severe osteopetrosis without rickets. Moreover, supplementation with calcium gluconate rescued mice from the rachitic phenotype and dramatically extended life span in global Snx10-deficient mice, suggesting that this may be a life-saving component of the clinical approach to Snx10-dependent human osteopetrosis that has previously gone unrecognized. We conclude that tissue-specific effects of Snx10 mutation need to be considered in clinical approaches to this disease entity. Reliance solely on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can leave hypocalcemia uncorrected with sometimes fatal consequences. These studies established an essential role for Snx10 in bone homeostasis and underscore the importance of gastric acidification in calcium uptake.
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216
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Liu W, Zhou H, Liu L, Zhao C, Deng Y, Chen L, Wu L, Mandrycky N, McNabb CT, Peng Y, Fuchs PN, Lu J, Sheen V, Qiu M, Mao M, Lu QR. Disruption of neurogenesis and cortical development in transgenic mice misexpressing Olig2, a gene in the Down syndrome critical region. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 77:106-16. [PMID: 25747816 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Olig2 is crucial for mammalian central nervous system development. Human ortholog OLIG2 is located in the Down syndrome critical region in trisomy 21. To investigate the effect of Olig2 misexpression on brain development, we generated a developmentally regulated Olig2-overexpressing transgenic line with a Cre/loxP system. The transgenic mice with Olig2 misexpression in cortical neural stem/progenitor cells exhibited microcephaly, cortical dyslamination, hippocampus malformation, and profound motor deficits. Ectopic misexpression of Olig2 impaired cortical progenitor proliferation and caused precocious cell cycle exit. Massive neuronal cell death was detected in the developing cortex of Olig2-misexpressing mice. In addition, Olig2 misexpression led to a significant downregulation of neuronal specification factors including Ngn1, Ngn2 and Pax6, and a defect in cortical neurogenesis. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis indicates that Olig2 directly targets the promoter and/or enhancer regions of Nfatc4, Dscr1/Rcan1 and Dyrk1a, the critical neurogenic genes that contribute to Down syndrome phenotypes, and inhibits their expression. Together, our study suggests that Olig2 misexpression in neural stem cells elicits neurogenesis defects and neuronal cell death, which may contribute to developmental disorders including Down syndrome, where OLIG2 is triplicated on chromosomal 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 25229, USA; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 25229, USA
| | - Yaqi Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 25229, USA
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Laiman Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 25229, USA
| | - Nicole Mandrycky
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Yuanbo Peng
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Perry N Fuchs
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Volney Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 25229, USA; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, PR China.
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217
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Armistead J, Patel N, Wu X, Hemming R, Chowdhury B, Basra GS, Del Bigio MR, Ding H, Triggs-Raine B. Growth arrest in the ribosomopathy, Bowen-Conradi syndrome, is due to dramatically reduced cell proliferation and a defect in mitotic progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1029-37. [PMID: 25708872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bowen-Conradi syndrome (BCS) is a ribosomopathy characterized by severe developmental delay and growth failure that typically leads to death by one year of age. It is caused by a c.257A>G, p.D86G substitution in the ribosomal biogenesis protein, Essential for Mitotic Growth 1 (EMG1). We generated a knock-in of the D86G substitution in mice to characterize the effects of EMG1 deficiency, particularly in the brain, where EMG1 expression is high. Embryos homozygous for the mutation in Emg1 were small for gestational age with neural tube defects, and died between embryonic days 8.5 and 12.5. These embryos exhibited dramatically reduced cell proliferation, which we also detected in autopsy brain tissue and bone marrow of BCS patients, consistent with a requirement for high levels of EMG1 in tissues with rapid cell proliferation. In fibroblasts derived from the BCS mouse embryos, we detected a high proportion of binucleated cells, indicating that a mitotic defect underlies the growth arrest in BCS. These studies add to growing evidence of a link between ribosome biogenesis, mitotic progression, and brain development that is currently unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Armistead
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nehal Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Richard Hemming
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Gagandeep Singh Basra
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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218
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Shi X, Zirbes KM, Rasmussen TL, Ferdous A, Garry MG, Koyano-Nakagawa N, Garry DJ. The transcription factor Mesp1 interacts with cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (Creb1) and coactivates Ets variant 2 (Etv2) gene expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9614-25. [PMID: 25694434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.614628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoderm posterior 1 (Mesp1) is well recognized for its role in cardiac development, although it is expressed broadly in mesodermal lineages. We have previously demonstrated important roles for Mesp1 and Ets variant 2 (Etv2) during lineage specification, but their relationship has not been defined. This study reveals that Mesp1 binds to the proximal promoter and transactivates Etv2 gene expression via the CRE motif. We also demonstrate the protein-protein interaction between Mesp1 and cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (Creb1) in vitro and in vivo. Utilizing transgenesis, lineage tracing, flow cytometry, and immunostaining technologies, we define the lineage relationship between Mesp1- and Etv2-expressing cell populations. We observe that the majority of Etv2-EYFP(+) cells are derived from Mesp1-Cre(+) cells in both the embryo and yolk sac. Furthermore, we observe that the conditional deletion of Etv2, using a Mesp1-Cre transgenic strategy, results in vascular and hematopoietic defects similar to those observed in the global deletion of Etv2 and that it has embryonic lethality by embryonic day 9.5. In summary, our study supports the hypothesis that Mesp1 is a direct upstream transactivator of Etv2 during embryogenesis and that Creb1 is an important cofactor of Mesp1 in the transcriptional regulation of Etv2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Shi
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
| | - Katie M Zirbes
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
| | - Tara L Rasmussen
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
| | - Anwarul Ferdous
- the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Mary G Garry
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
| | - Naoko Koyano-Nakagawa
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
| | - Daniel J Garry
- From the Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
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219
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Barnes S, Xu YH, Zhang W, Liou B, Setchell KDR, Bao L, Grabowski GA, Sun Y. Ubiquitous transgene expression of the glucosylceramide-synthesizing enzyme accelerates glucosylceramide accumulation and storage cells in a Gaucher disease mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116023. [PMID: 25551612 PMCID: PMC4281226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by defective activity of acid β-glucosidase (GCase), which leads to the accumulation of its major substrates, glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) in many cells. To modulate cellular substrate concentration in viable mouse models of Gaucher disease (Gba1 mutants), a novel mouse model was created with enhanced glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. This was accomplished by cross-breeding Gba1 mutant mice with mice expressing a transgene (GCStg) containing the mouse glucosylceramide synthase (GCS, Ugcg) cDNA driven by the ROSA promoter, yielding GCStg/Gba1 mice. The GCStg rescued Ugcg null mice from embryonic lethality. GCStg/Gba1 mice showed 2-3 fold increases in tissue GCS activity as well as accelerated GlcCer accumulation and the appearance of lipid-laden CD68 positive macrophages in visceral organs. Although GlcCer/GlcSph concentrations were elevated in the brain, there was no neurodegenerative phenotype up to 1 yr of age conceivably due to the greater residual GCase hydrolytic activity in the brains than in the visceral tissues of 9V/null mice. These studies provide 'proof of principle' for threshold substrate flux that modifies phenotypic development in Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Barnes
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - You-Hai Xu
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- The Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Liou
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. R. Setchell
- The Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Liming Bao
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Grabowski
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Synageva BioPharma Corp., Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ying Sun
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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220
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Fan X, Hou N, Fan K, Yuan J, Mo X, Deng Y, Wan Y, Teng Y, Yang X, Wu X. Geft is dispensable for the development of the second heart field. BMB Rep 2014; 45:153-8. [PMID: 22449701 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Geft is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which can specifically activate Rho family of small GTPase by catalyzing the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Geft is highly expressed in the excitable tissue as heart and skeletal muscle and plays important roles in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and cell fate decision. However, the in vivo role of Geft remains unknown. Here, we generated a Geft conditional knockout mouse by flanking exons 5-17 of Geft with loxP sites. Cre-mediated deletion of the Geft gene in heart using Mef2c-Cre transgenic mice resulted in a dramatic decrease of Geft expression. Geft knockout mice develop normally and exhibit no discernable phenotype, suggesting Geft is dispensable for the development of the second heart field in mouse. The Geft conditional knockout mouse will be a valuable genetic tool for uncovering the in vivo roles of Geft during development and in adult homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Fan
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
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221
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Ramsbottom SA, Sharma V, Rhee HJ, Eley L, Phillips HM, Rigby HF, Dean C, Chaudhry B, Henderson DJ. Vangl2-regulated polarisation of second heart field-derived cells is required for outflow tract lengthening during cardiac development. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004871. [PMID: 25521757 PMCID: PMC4270488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is the mechanism by which cells orient themselves in the plane of an epithelium or during directed cell migration, and is regulated by a highly conserved signalling pathway. Mutations in the PCP gene Vangl2, as well as in other key components of the pathway, cause a spectrum of cardiac outflow tract defects. However, it is unclear why cells within the mesodermal heart tissue require PCP signalling. Using a new conditionally floxed allele we show that Vangl2 is required solely within the second heart field (SHF) to direct normal outflow tract lengthening, a process that is required for septation and normal alignment of the aorta and pulmonary trunk with the ventricular chambers. Analysis of a range of markers of polarised epithelial tissues showed that in the normal heart, undifferentiated SHF cells move from the dorsal pericardial wall into the distal outflow tract where they acquire an epithelial phenotype, before moving proximally where they differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Thus there is a transition zone in the distal outflow tract where SHF cells become more polarised, turn off progenitor markers and start to differentiate to cardiomyocytes. Membrane-bound Vangl2 marks the proximal extent of this transition zone and in the absence of Vangl2, the SHF-derived cells are abnormally polarised and disorganised. The consequent thickening, rather than lengthening, of the outflow wall leads to a shortened outflow tract. Premature down regulation of the SHF-progenitor marker Isl1 in the mutants, and accompanied premature differentiation to cardiomyocytes, suggests that the organisation of the cells within the transition zone is important for maintaining the undifferentiated phenotype. Thus, Vangl2-regulated polarisation and subsequent acquisition of an epithelial phenotype is essential to lengthen the tubular outflow vessel, a process that is essential for on-going cardiac morphogenesis. Congenital heart defects are common, affecting almost 1% of all live births. Many of these affect the outflow region, where the aorta and pulmonary trunk connect with the main ventricular chambers. Congenital heart defects arise from disruption of normal developmental processes and can be modelled in mice. Thus, studying normal development, together with mouse mutants that develop heart malformations, should shed light on why these common anomalies arise. We have studied cardiac development in a mouse mutant for the Vangl2 gene, a key component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. This pathway controls the orientations of cells in epithelia and during directional cell migration. Here, we show that PCP signalling is required by cells derived from the second heart field, which forms the outflow tract walls. We show that in the absence of Vangl2, the cells within the distal outflow tract walls are non-polarised and disorganised. As a consequence the outflow tract is shortened and does not align properly with the ventricles. Thus, we show why disruption of a key PCP gene leads to outflow tract malformations. This is important for understanding heart development, but also more generally for understanding how PCP signalling regulates growth of tubular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vipul Sharma
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Jun Rhee
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Eley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Phillips
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah F. Rigby
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Dean
- Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Chaudhry
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J. Henderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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222
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Fidelity of histone gene regulation is obligatory for genome replication and stability. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2650-9. [PMID: 24797072 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01567-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fidelity of chromatin organization is crucial for normal cell cycle progression, and perturbations in packaging of DNA may predispose to transformation. Histone H4 protein is the most highly conserved chromatin protein, required for nucleosome assembly, with multiple histone H4 gene copies encoding identical protein. There is a long-standing recognition of the linkage of histone gene expression and DNA replication. A fundamental and unresolved question is the mechanism that couples histone biosynthesis with DNA replication and fidelity of cell cycle control. Here, we conditionally ablated the obligatory histone H4 transcription factor HINFP to cause depletion of histone H4 in mammalian cells. Deregulation of histone H4 results in catastrophic cellular and molecular defects that lead to genomic instability. Histone H4 depletion increases nucleosome spacing, impedes DNA synthesis, alters chromosome complement, and creates replicative stress. Our study provides functional evidence that the tight coupling between DNA replication and histone synthesis is reciprocal.
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223
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Rajendra E, Garaycoechea JI, Patel KJ, Passmore LA. Abundance of the Fanconi anaemia core complex is regulated by the RuvBL1 and RuvBL2 AAA+ ATPases. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13736-48. [PMID: 25428364 PMCID: PMC4267650 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genome instability disease caused by defects in the FA DNA repair pathway that senses and repairs damage caused by DNA interstrand crosslinks. At least 8 of the 16 genes found mutated in FA encode proteins that assemble into the FA core complex, a multisubunit monoubiquitin E3 ligase. Here, we show that the RuvBL1 and RuvBL2 AAA+ ATPases co-purify with FA core complex isolated under stringent but native conditions from a vertebrate cell line. Depletion of the RuvBL1-RuvBL2 complex in human cells causes hallmark features of FA including DNA crosslinker sensitivity, chromosomal instability and defective FA pathway activation. Genetic knockout of RuvBL1 in a murine model is embryonic lethal while conditional inactivation in the haematopoietic stem cell pool confers profound aplastic anaemia. Together these findings reveal a function for RuvBL1-RuvBL2 in DNA repair through a physical and functional association with the FA core complex. Surprisingly, depletion of RuvBL1-RuvBL2 leads to co-depletion of the FA core complex in human cells. This suggests that a potential mechanism for the role of RuvBL1-RuvBL2 in maintaining genome integrity is through controlling the cellular abundance of FA core complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeson Rajendra
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Juan I Garaycoechea
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK Department of Medicine, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lori A Passmore
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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224
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Chatterjee S, Sivakamasundari V, Yap SP, Kraus P, Kumar V, Xing X, Lim SL, Sng J, Prabhakar S, Lufkin T. In vivo genome-wide analysis of multiple tissues identifies gene regulatory networks, novel functions and downstream regulatory genes for Bapx1 and its co-regulation with Sox9 in the mammalian vertebral column. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1072. [PMID: 25480362 PMCID: PMC4302147 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vertebrate organogenesis is a highly complex process involving sequential cascades of transcription factor activation or repression. Interestingly a single developmental control gene can occasionally be essential for the morphogenesis and differentiation of tissues and organs arising from vastly disparate embryological lineages. Results Here we elucidated the role of the mammalian homeobox gene Bapx1 during the embryogenesis of five distinct organs at E12.5 - vertebral column, spleen, gut, forelimb and hindlimb - using expression profiling of sorted wildtype and mutant cells combined with genome wide binding site analysis. Furthermore we analyzed the development of the vertebral column at the molecular level by combining transcriptional profiling and genome wide binding data for Bapx1 with similarly generated data sets for Sox9 to assemble a detailed gene regulatory network revealing genes previously not reported to be controlled by either of these two transcription factors. Conclusions The gene regulatory network appears to control cell fate decisions and morphogenesis in the vertebral column along with the prevention of premature chondrocyte differentiation thus providing a detailed molecular view of vertebral column development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1072) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
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225
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Ren K, Yuan J, Yang M, Gao X, Ding X, Zhou J, Hu X, Cao J, Deng X, Xiang S, Zhang J. KCTD10 is involved in the cardiovascular system and Notch signaling during early embryonic development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112275. [PMID: 25401743 PMCID: PMC4234411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of the polymerase delta-interacting protein 1 (PDIP1) gene family, potassium channel tetramerisation domain-containing 10 (KCTD10) interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and polymerase δ, participates in DNA repair, DNA replication and cell-cycle control. In order to further investigate the physiological functions of KCTD10, we generated the KCTD10 knockout mice. The heterozygous KCTD10+/− mice were viable and fertile, while the homozygous KCTD10−/− mice showed delayed growth from E9.0, and died at approximately E10.5, which displayed severe defects in angiogenesis and heart development. Further study showed that VEGF induced the expression of KCTD10 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting results revealed that several key members in Notch signaling were up-regulated either in KCTD10-deficient embryos or in KCTD10-silenced HUVECs. Meanwhile, the endogenous immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis showed that KCTD10 interacted with Cullin3 and Notch1 simultaneously, by which mediating Notch1 proteolytic degradation. Our studies suggest that KCTD10 plays crucial roles in embryonic angiogenesis and heart development in mammalians by negatively regulating the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Manjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (JZ)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (JZ)
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226
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Eguether T, San Agustin JT, Keady BT, Jonassen JA, Liang Y, Francis R, Tobita K, Johnson CA, Abdelhamed ZA, Lo CW, Pazour GJ. IFT27 links the BBSome to IFT for maintenance of the ciliary signaling compartment. Dev Cell 2014; 31:279-290. [PMID: 25446516 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate hedgehog signaling is coordinated by the differential localization of the receptors patched-1 and Smoothened in the primary cilium. Cilia assembly is mediated by intraflagellar transport (IFT), and cilia defects disrupt hedgehog signaling, causing many structural birth defects. We generated Ift25 and Ift27 knockout mice and show that they have structural birth defects indicative of hedgehog signaling dysfunction. Surprisingly, ciliary assembly is not affected, but abnormal hedgehog signaling is observed in conjunction with ciliary accumulation of patched-1 and Smoothened. Similarly, Smoothened accumulates in cilia on cells mutated for BBSome components or the BBS binding protein/regulator Lztfl1. Interestingly, the BBSome and Lztfl1 accumulate to high levels in Ift27 mutant cilia. Because Lztfl1 mutant cells accumulate BBSome but not IFT27, it is likely that Lztfl1 functions downstream of IFT27 to couple the BBSome to the IFT particle for coordinated removal of patched-1 and Smoothened from cilia during hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Eguether
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 213, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jovenal T San Agustin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 213, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Brian T Keady
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 213, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Julie A Jonassen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Yinwen Liang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 213, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Renhuan Lou 413, #1 Qinghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Richard Francis
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 8111 Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 8111 Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Zakia A Abdelhamed
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 8111 Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 213, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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227
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DiTommaso T, Cottle DL, Pearson HB, Schlüter H, Kaur P, Humbert PO, Smyth IM. Keratin 76 is required for tight junction function and maintenance of the skin barrier. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004706. [PMID: 25340345 PMCID: PMC4207637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins are cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins that are increasingly being recognised for their diverse cellular functions. Here we report the consequences of germ line inactivation of Keratin 76 (Krt76) in mice. Homozygous disruption of this epidermally expressed gene causes neonatal skin flaking, hyperpigmentation, inflammation, impaired wound healing, and death prior to 12 weeks of age. We show that this phenotype is associated with functionally defective tight junctions that are characterised by mislocalization of the integral protein CLDN1. We further demonstrate that KRT76 interacts with CLDN1 and propose that this interaction is necessary to correctly position CLDN1 in tight junctions. The mislocalization of CLDN1 has been associated in various dermopathies, including the inflammatory disease, psoriasis. These observations establish a previously unknown connection between the intermediate filament cytoskeleton network and tight junctions and showcase Krt76 null mice as a possible model to study aberrant tight junction driven skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia DiTommaso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny L. Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Holger Schlüter
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pritinder Kaur
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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228
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Comazzetto S, Di Giacomo M, Rasmussen KD, Much C, Azzi C, Perlas E, Morgan M, O'Carroll D. Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and infertility in mice deficient for miR-34b/c and miR-449 loci. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004597. [PMID: 25329700 PMCID: PMC4199480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fertility requires the continuous production of high quality motile spermatozoa in abundance. Alterations in all three metrics cause oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, the leading cause of human sub/infertility. Post-mitotic spermatogenesis inclusive of several meiotic stages and spermiogenesis (terminal spermatozoa differentiation) are transcriptionally inert, indicating the potential importance for the post-transcriptional microRNA (miRNA) gene-silencing pathway therein. We found the expression of miRNA generating enzyme Dicer within spermatogenesis peaks in meiosis with critical functions in spermatogenesis. In an expression screen we identified two miRNA loci of the miR-34 family (miR-34b/c and miR-449) that are specifically and highly expressed in post-mitotic male germ cells. A reduction in several miRNAs inclusive of miR-34b/c in spermatozoa has been causally associated with reduced fertility in humans. We found that deletion of both miR34b/c and miR-449 loci resulted in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia in mice. MiR-34bc/449-deficiency impairs both meiosis and the final stages of spermatozoa maturation. Analysis of miR-34bc−/−;449−/− pachytene spermatocytes revealed a small cohort of genes deregulated that were highly enriched for miR-34 family target genes. Our results identify the miR-34 family as the first functionally important miRNAs for spermatogenesis whose deregulation is causal to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and infertility. The sustained production of functional motile sperm is critical for male fertility. In recent years, a dramatic increase of cases of male infertility were reported, with the most common cause represented by the production of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa with low motility. Several genetic and environmental factors have been proven to impact on sperm development. In particular, preliminary studies on samples from fertile and sterile individuals suggested that the deregulation of a class of small noncoding RNAs, called microRNAs, might be detrimental for sperm formation. To this end, we investigated the expression of Dicer, a core microRNA pathway component, in male germ cells and observed a peak of expression during meiosis. We performed a microRNA-expression screening and identified 5 members of the miR-34 family (miR-34bc and miR-449abc) as highly expressed from late meiosis to the sperm stage. Deletion of miR-34bc and miR-449 leads to sterility due to the production of abnormal spermatozoa with reduced motility. Thus our work proves for the first time the importance of a microRNA family in sperm formation and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzetto
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Monica Di Giacomo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | | | - Christian Much
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Emerald Perlas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Marcos Morgan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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229
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Peltzer N, Rieser E, Taraborrelli L, Draber P, Darding M, Pernaute B, Shimizu Y, Sarr A, Draberova H, Montinaro A, Martinez-Barbera JP, Silke J, Rodriguez TA, Walczak H. HOIP deficiency causes embryonic lethality by aberrant TNFR1-mediated endothelial cell death. Cell Rep 2014; 9:153-165. [PMID: 25284787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), consisting of HOIL-1, HOIP, and SHARPIN, is the only known ubiquitin ligase that generates linear ubiquitin linkages. HOIP is the catalytically active LUBAC component. Here, we show that both constitutive and Tie2-Cre-driven HOIP deletion lead to aberrant endothelial cell death, resulting in defective vascularization and embryonic lethality at midgestation. Ablation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) prevents cell death, vascularization defects, and death at midgestation. HOIP-deficient cells are more sensitive to death induction by both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α), and aberrant complex-II formation is responsible for sensitization to TNFR1-mediated cell death in the absence of HOIP. Finally, we show that HOIP's catalytic activity is necessary for preventing TNF-induced cell death. Hence, LUBAC and its linear-ubiquitin-forming activity are required for maintaining vascular integrity during embryogenesis by preventing TNFR1-mediated endothelial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Peltzer
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Eva Rieser
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Maurice Darding
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Barbara Pernaute
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Aida Sarr
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Helena Draberova
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Birth Defects Research Centre, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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230
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Baroncelli L, Alessandrì MG, Tola J, Putignano E, Migliore M, Amendola E, Gross C, Leuzzi V, Cioni G, Pizzorusso T. A novel mouse model of creatine transporter deficiency. F1000Res 2014; 3:228. [PMID: 25485098 PMCID: PMC4243761 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5369.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the creatine (Cr) transporter (CrT) gene lead to cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome-1 (CCDS1), an X-linked metabolic disorder characterized by cerebral Cr deficiency causing intellectual disability, seizures, movement and behavioral disturbances, language and speech impairment ( OMIM #300352). CCDS1 is still an untreatable pathology that can be very invalidating for patients and caregivers. Only two murine models of CCDS1, one of which is an ubiquitous knockout mouse, are currently available to study the possible mechanisms underlying the pathologic phenotype of CCDS1 and to develop therapeutic strategies. Given the importance of validating phenotypes and efficacy of promising treatments in more than one mouse model we have generated a new murine model of CCDS1 obtained by ubiquitous deletion of 5-7 exons in the
Slc6a8 gene. We showed a remarkable Cr depletion in the murine brain tissues and cognitive defects, thus resembling the key features of human CCDS1. These results confirm that CCDS1 can be well modeled in mice. This CrT
−/y murine model will provide a new tool for increasing the relevance of preclinical studies to the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Alessandrì
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Calambrone (Pisa), I-56128, Italy
| | - Jonida Tola
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Elena Putignano
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Martina Migliore
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Elena Amendola
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo (Roma), I-00015, Italy
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo (Roma), I-00015, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, I-00185, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Calambrone (Pisa), I-56128, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56126, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, I-56124, Italy ; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, I-50135, Italy
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231
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Canalis E, Kranz L, Zanotti S. Nemo-like kinase regulates postnatal skeletal homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1736-43. [PMID: 24664870 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (Nlk) is related to the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and known to regulate signaling pathways involved in osteoblastogenesis. In vitro Nlk suppresses osteoblastogenesis, but the consequences of the Nlk inactivation in the skeleton in vivo are unknown. To study the function of Nlk, Nlk(loxP/loxP) mice, where the Nlk exon2 is flanked by lox(P) sequences, were mated with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the paired-related homeobox gene 1 (Prx1) enhancer (Prx1-Cre), the Osterix (Osx-Cre) or the osteocalcin/bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein (Bglap-Cre) promoter. Prx1-Cre;Nlk(Δ/Δ) mice did not exhibit a skeletal phenotype except for a modest increase in trabecular number and connectivity observed only in 3-month-old male mice. Osx-Cre;Nlk(Δ/Δ) male and female mice exhibited an increase in trabecular bone volume secondary to an increased trabecular number at 3 months of age. Bone histomorphometry revealed a decrease in osteoclast number and eroded surface in male mice, and decreased osteoblast number and function in female mice. Expression of osteoprotegerin mRNA was increased in calvarial extracts, explaining the decreased osteoclast and osteoblast number. The conditional deletion of Nlk in mature osteoblasts (Bglap-Cre;Nlk(Δ/Δ) ) resulted in no skeletal phenotype in 1- to 6-month-old male or female mice. In conclusion, when expressed in undifferentiated osteoblasts, Nlk is a negative regulator of skeletal homeostasis possibly by targeting signals that regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; The University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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232
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Smad4 regulates ureteral smooth muscle cell differentiation during mouse embryogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104503. [PMID: 25127126 PMCID: PMC4134214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper formation of ureteral smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during embryogenesis is essential for ureter peristalsis that propels urine from the kidney to the bladder in mammals. Currently the molecular factors that regulate differentiation of ureteral mesenchymal cells into SMCs are incompletely understood. A recent study has reported that Smad4 deficiency reduces the number of ureteral SMCs. However, its precise role in the ureteral smooth muscle development remains largely unknown. Here, we used Tbx18:Cre knock-in mouse line to delete Smad4 to examine its requirement in the development of ureteral mesenchyme and SMC differentiation. We found that mice with specific deletion of Smad4 in Tbx18-expressing ureteral mesenchyme exhibited hydroureter and hydronephrosis at embryonic day (E) 16.5, and the mutant mesenchymal cells failed to differentiate into SMCs with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Molecular markers for SMCs including alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) were absent in the mutant ureters. Moreover, disruption of Smad4 significantly reduced the expression of genes, including Sox9, Tbx18 and Myocardin associated with SMC differentiation. These findings suggest that Smad4 is essential for initiating the SMC differentiation program during ureter development.
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233
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Kage H, Flodby P, Gao D, Kim YH, Marconett CN, DeMaio L, Kim KJ, Crandall ED, Borok Z. Claudin 4 knockout mice: normal physiological phenotype with increased susceptibility to lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L524-36. [PMID: 25106430 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00077.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are tight junction proteins that regulate paracellular ion permeability of epithelium and endothelium. Claudin 4 has been reported to function as a paracellular sodium barrier and is one of three major claudins expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). To directly assess the role of claudin 4 in regulation of alveolar epithelial barrier function and fluid homeostasis in vivo, we generated claudin 4 knockout (Cldn4 KO) mice. Unexpectedly, Cldn4 KO mice exhibited normal physiological phenotype although increased permeability to 5-carboxyfluorescein and decreased alveolar fluid clearance were noted. Cldn4 KO AEC monolayers exhibited unchanged ion permeability, higher solute permeability, and lower short-circuit current compared with monolayers from wild-type mice. Claudin 3 and 18 expression was similar between wild-type and Cldn4 KO alveolar epithelial type II cells. In response to either ventilator-induced lung injury or hyperoxia, claudin 4 expression was markedly upregulated in wild-type mice, whereas Cldn4 KO mice showed greater degrees of lung injury. RNA sequencing, in conjunction with differential expression and upstream analysis after ventilator-induced lung injury, suggested Egr1, Tnf, and Il1b as potential mediators of increased lung injury in Cldn4 KO mice. These results demonstrate that claudin 4 has little effect on normal lung physiology but may function to protect against acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kage
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Per Flodby
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Danping Gao
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Lucas DeMaio
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; Department of Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center,
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234
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Lin CJ, Koh FM, Wong P, Conti M, Ramalho-Santos M. Hira-mediated H3.3 incorporation is required for DNA replication and ribosomal RNA transcription in the mouse zygote. Dev Cell 2014; 30:268-79. [PMID: 25087892 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extensive chromatin reprogramming occurs at fertilization and is thought to be under the control of maternal factors, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We report that maternal Hira, a chaperone for the histone variant H3.3, is required for mouse development past the zygote stage. Male pronucleus formation is inhibited upon deletion of Hira due to a lack of nucleosome assembly in the sperm genome. Hira mutant oocytes are incapable of developing parthenogenetically, indicative of a role for Hira in the female genome. Both parental genomes show highly reduced levels of DNA replication and transcription in the mutants. It has long been thought that transcription is not required for zygote development. Surprisingly, we found that Hira/H3.3-dependent transcription of ribosomal RNA is required for first cleavage. Our results demonstrate that Hira-mediated H3.3 incorporation is essential for parental genome reprogramming and reveal an unexpected role for rRNA transcription in the mouse zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Lin
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fong Ming Koh
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Priscilla Wong
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marco Conti
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miguel Ramalho-Santos
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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235
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Weaver KL, Alves-Guerra MC, Jin K, Wang Z, Han X, Ranganathan P, Zhu X, DaSilva T, Liu W, Ratti F, Demarest RM, Tzimas C, Rice M, Vasquez-Del Carpio R, Dahmane N, Robbins DJ, Capobianco AJ. NACK is an integral component of the Notch transcriptional activation complex and is critical for development and tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4741-51. [PMID: 25038227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway governs many distinct cellular processes by regulating transcriptional programs. The transcriptional response initiated by Notch is highly cell context dependent, indicating that multiple factors influence Notch target gene selection and activity. However, the mechanism by which Notch drives target gene transcription is not well understood. Herein, we identify and characterize a novel Notch-interacting protein, Notch activation complex kinase (NACK), which acts as a Notch transcriptional coactivator. We show that NACK associates with the Notch transcriptional activation complex on DNA, mediates Notch transcriptional activity, and is required for Notch-mediated tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that Notch1 and NACK are coexpressed during mouse development and that homozygous loss of NACK is embryonic lethal. Finally, we show that NACK is also a Notch target gene, establishing a feed-forward loop. Thus, our data indicate that NACK is a key component of the Notch transcriptional complex and is an essential regulator of Notch-mediated tumorigenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Weaver
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Marie-Clotilde Alves-Guerra
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ke Jin
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xiaoqing Han
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Prathibha Ranganathan
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Thiago DaSilva
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Wei Liu
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Francesca Ratti
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, Equipe de Différenciation Neuromusculaire, Lyon, France
| | - Renee M Demarest
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Stratford, NJ
| | - Cristos Tzimas
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meghan Rice
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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236
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Ohata S, Nakatani J, Herranz-Pérez V, Cheng J, Belinson H, Inubushi T, Snider WD, García-Verdugo JM, Wynshaw-Boris A, Alvarez-Buylla A. Loss of Dishevelleds disrupts planar polarity in ependymal motile cilia and results in hydrocephalus. Neuron 2014; 83:558-71. [PMID: 25043421 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Defects in ependymal (E) cells, which line the ventricle and generate cerebrospinal fluid flow through ciliary beating, can cause hydrocephalus. Dishevelled genes (Dvls) are essential for Wnt signaling, and Dvl2 has been shown to localize to the rootlet of motile cilia. Using the hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1(-/-);2(flox/flox);3(+/-) mouse, we show that compound genetic ablation of Dvls causes hydrocephalus. In hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1(-/-);2(flox/flox);3(+/-) mutants, E cells differentiated normally, but the intracellular and intercellular rotational alignments of ependymal motile cilia were disrupted. As a consequence, the fluid flow generated by the hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1(-/-);2(flox/flox);3(+/-) E cells was significantly slower than that observed in control mice. Dvls were also required for the proper positioning of motile cilia on the apical surface. Tamoxifen-induced conditional removal of Dvls in adult mice also resulted in defects in intracellular rotational alignment and positioning of ependymal motile cilia. These results suggest that Dvls are continuously required for E cell planar polarity and may prevent hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohata
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jin Nakatani
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Science Unit, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - JrGang Cheng
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haim Belinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Toshiro Inubushi
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Science Unit, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - William D Snider
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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237
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Genetic evidence that Celsr3 and Celsr2, together with Fzd3, regulate forebrain wiring in a Vangl-independent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2996-3004. [PMID: 25002511 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celsr3 and Fzd3, members of "core planar cell polarity" (PCP) genes, were shown previously to control forebrain axon guidance and wiring by acting in axons and/or guidepost cells. Here, we show that Celsr2 acts redundantly with Celsr3, and that their combined mutation mimics that of Fzd3. The phenotypes generated upon inactivation of Fzd3 in different forebrain compartments are similar to those in conditional Celsr2-3 mutants, indicating that Fzd3 and Celsr2-3 act in the same population of cells. Inactivation of Celsr2-3 or Fzd3 in thalamus does not affect forebrain wiring, and joint inactivation in cortex and thalamus adds little to cortical inactivation alone in terms of thalamocortical projections. On the other hand, joint inactivation perturbs strongly the formation of the barrel field, which is unaffected upon single cortical or thalamic inactivation, indicating a role for interactions between thalamic axons and cortical neurons in cortical arealization. Unexpectedly, forebrain wiring is normal in mice defective in Vangl1 and Vangl2, showing that, contrary to epithelial PCP, axon guidance can be Vangl independent in some contexts. Our results suggest that Celsr2-3 and Fzd3 regulate axonal navigation in the forebrain by using mechanisms different from classical epithelial PCP, and require interacting partners other than Vangl1-2 that remain to be identified.
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238
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Chiou SH, Kim-Kiselak C, Risca VI, Heimann MK, Chuang CH, Burds AA, Greenleaf WJ, Jacks TE, Feldser DM, Winslow MM. A conditional system to specifically link disruption of protein-coding function with reporter expression in mice. Cell Rep 2014; 7:2078-86. [PMID: 24931605 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional gene deletion in mice has contributed immensely to our understanding of many biological and biomedical processes. Despite an increasing awareness of nonprotein-coding functional elements within protein-coding transcripts, current gene-targeting approaches typically involve simultaneous ablation of noncoding elements within targeted protein-coding genes. The potential for protein-coding genes to have additional noncoding functions necessitates the development of novel genetic tools capable of precisely interrogating individual functional elements. We present a strategy that couples Cre/loxP-mediated conditional gene disruption with faithful GFP reporter expression in mice in which Cre-mediated stable inversion of a splice acceptor-GFP-splice donor cassette concurrently disrupts protein production and creates a GFP fusion product. Importantly, cassette inversion maintains physiologic transcript structure, thereby ensuring proper microRNA-mediated regulation of the GFP reporter, as well as maintaining expression of nonprotein-coding elements. To test this potentially generalizable strategy, we generated and analyzed mice with this conditional knockin reporter targeted to the Hmga2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Caroline Kim-Kiselak
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Viviana I Risca
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Megan K Heimann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Aurora A Burds
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Tyler E Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David M Feldser
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5456, USA.
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239
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Ishtiaq Ahmed AS, Bose GC, Huang L, Azhar M. Generation of mice carrying a knockout-first and conditional-ready allele of transforming growth factor beta2 gene. Genesis 2014; 52:817-26. [PMID: 24895296 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta2 (TGFβ2) is a multifunctional protein which is expressed in several embryonic and adult organs. TGFB2 mutations can cause Loeys Dietz syndrome, and its dysregulation is involved in cardiovascular, skeletal, ocular, and neuromuscular diseases, osteoarthritis, tissue fibrosis, and various forms of cancer. TGFβ2 is involved in cell growth, apoptosis, cell migration, cell differentiation, cell-matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and wound healing in a highly context-dependent and tissue-specific manner. Tgfb2(-/-) mice die perinatally from congenital heart disease, precluding functional studies in adults. Here, we have generated mice harboring Tgfb2(βgeo) (knockout-first lacZ-tagged insertion) gene-trap allele and Tgfb2(flox) conditional allele. Tgfb2(βgeo/βgeo) or Tgfb2(βgeo/-) mice died at perinatal stage from the same congenital heart defects as Tgfb2(-/-) mice. β-galactosidase staining successfully detected Tgfb2 expression in the heterozygous Tgfb2(βgeo) fetal tissue sections. Tgfb2(flox) mice were produced by crossing the Tgfb2(+/βgeo) mice with the FLPeR mice. Tgfb2(flox/-) mice were viable. Tgfb2 conditional knockout (Tgfb2(cko/-) ) fetuses were generated by crossing of Tgfb2(flox/-) mice with Tgfb2(+/-) ; EIIaCre mice. Systemic Tgfb2(cko/-) embryos developed cardiac defects which resembled the Tgfb2(βgeo/βgeo) , Tgfb2(βgeo/-) , and Tgfb2(-/-) fetuses. In conclusion, Tgfb2(βgeo) and Tgfb2(flox) mice are novel mouse strains which will be useful for investigating the tissue specific expression and function of TGFβ2 in embryonic development, adult organs, and disease pathogenesis and cancer. genesis
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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240
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Yuan B, Wan P, Chu D, Nie J, Cao Y, Luo W, Lu S, Chen J, Yang Z. A cardiomyocyte-specific Wdr1 knockout demonstrates essential functional roles for actin disassembly during myocardial growth and maintenance in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1967-80. [PMID: 24840128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Actin dynamics are critical for muscle development and function, and mutations leading to deregulation of actin dynamics cause various forms of heritable muscle diseases. AIP1 is a major cofactor of the actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin in eukaryotes, promoting actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Its function in vertebrate muscle has been unknown. To investigate functional roles of AIP1 in myocardium, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Wdr1, the mammalian homolog of yeast AIP1. Wdr1 cKO mice began to die at postnatal day 13 (P13), and none survived past P24. At P12, cKO mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and impaired contraction of the left ventricle. Electrocardiography revealed reduced heart rate, abnormal P wave, and abnormal T wave at P10 and prolonged QT interval at P12. Actin filament (F-actin) accumulations began at P10 and became prominent at P12 in the myocardium of cKO mice. Within regions of F-actin accumulation in myofibrils, the sarcomeric components α-actinin and tropomodulin-1 exhibited disrupted patterns, indicating that F-actin accumulations caused by Wdr1 deletion result in disruption of sarcomeric structure. Ectopic cofilin colocalized with F-actin aggregates. In adult mice, Wdr1 deletion resulted in similar but much milder phenotypes of heart hypertrophy, F-actin accumulations within myofibrils, and lethality. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AIP1-regulated actin dynamics play essential roles in heart function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyin Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Chu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junwei Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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241
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Amendola E, Zhan Y, Mattucci C, Castroflorio E, Calcagno E, Fuchs C, Lonetti G, Silingardi D, Vyssotski AL, Farley D, Ciani E, Pizzorusso T, Giustetto M, Gross CT. Mapping pathological phenotypes in a mouse model of CDKL5 disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91613. [PMID: 24838000 PMCID: PMC4023934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, a neurodevelopmental disorder with similarities to Rett Syndrome. Here we describe the physiological, molecular, and behavioral phenotyping of a Cdkl5 conditional knockout mouse model of CDKL5 disorder. Behavioral analysis of constitutive Cdkl5 knockout mice revealed key features of the human disorder, including limb clasping, hypoactivity, and abnormal eye tracking. Anatomical, physiological, and molecular analysis of the knockout uncovered potential pathological substrates of the disorder, including reduced dendritic arborization of cortical neurons, abnormal electroencephalograph (EEG) responses to convulsant treatment, decreased visual evoked responses (VEPs), and alterations in the Akt/rpS6 signaling pathway. Selective knockout of Cdkl5 in excitatory and inhibitory forebrain neurons allowed us to map the behavioral features of the disorder to separable cell-types. These findings identify physiological and molecular deficits in specific forebrain neuron populations as possible pathological substrates in CDKL5 disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Amendola
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Yang Zhan
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Camilla Mattucci
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Enrico Castroflorio
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Calcagno
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Lonetti
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Silingardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexei L. Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominika Farley
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cornelius T. Gross
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
- * E-mail:
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242
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King CH, Lancaster E, Salomon D, Peles E, Scherer SS. Kv7.2 regulates the function of peripheral sensory neurons. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:3262-80. [PMID: 24687876 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Kv7 (KCNQ) family of voltage-gated K(+) channels regulates cellular excitability. The functional role of Kv7.2 has been hampered by the lack of a viable Kcnq2-null animal model. In this study, we generated homozygous Kcnq2-null sensory neurons using the Cre-Lox system; in these mice, Kv7.2 expression is absent in the peripheral sensory neurons, whereas the expression of other molecular components of nodes (including Kv7.3), paranodes, and juxtaparanodes is not altered. The conditional Kcnq2-null animals exhibit normal motor performance but have increased thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Whole-cell patch recording technique demonstrates that Kcnq2-null sensory neurons have increased excitability and reduced spike frequency adaptation. Taken together, our results suggest that the loss of Kv7.2 activity increases the excitability of primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih H King
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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243
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Gierut JJ, Jacks TE, Haigis KM. Strategies to achieve conditional gene mutation in mice. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:339-49. [PMID: 24692485 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is an ideal model organism for studying disease because it is physiologically similar to human and also because its genome is readily manipulated. Genetic engineering allows researchers to introduce specific loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations into genes and then to study the resulting phenotypes in an in vivo context. One drawback of using traditional transgenic and knockout mice to study human diseases is that many mutations passed through the germline can profoundly affect development, thus impeding the study of disease phenotypes in adults. New technology has made it possible to generate conditional mutations that can be introduced in a spatially and/or temporally restricted manner. Mouse strains carrying conditional mutations represent valuable experimental models for the study of human diseases and they can be used to develop strategies for prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this article, we will describe the most widely used DNA recombinase systems used to achieve conditional gene mutation in mouse models and discuss how these systems can be employed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Gierut
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
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244
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Cartilage-specific deletion of Mig-6 results in osteoarthritis-like disorder with excessive articular chondrocyte proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2590-5. [PMID: 24550287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400744111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficiency of mitogen-inducible gene-6 (Mig-6) in mice leads to the development of an early-onset, osteoarthritis (OA)-like disorder in multiple synovial joints, underlying its importance in maintaining joint homeostasis. Here we determined what joint tissues Mig-6 is expressed in and what role chondrocytes play in the Mig-6-deficient OA-like disorder. A Mig-6/lacZ reporter mouse strain expressing β-galactosidase under the control of the Mig-6 gene promoter was generated to determine Mig-6 expression in joint tissues. By β-galactosidase staining, we demonstrated that Mig-6 was uniquely expressed in the cells across the entire surface of the synovial joint cavity, including chondrocytes in the superficial zone of articular cartilage and in the meniscus, as well as synovial lining cells. By crossing Mig-6-floxed mice to Col2a1-Cre transgenic mice, to generate cartilage-specific deletion of Mig-6, we demonstrated that deficiency of Mig-6 in the chondrocytes results in a joint phenotype that only partially recapitulates the OA-like disorder of the Mig-6-deficient mice: Ubiquitous deletion of Mig-6 led to the OA-like disorder in multiple joints, whereas cartilage-specific deletion affected the knees but rarely other joints. Furthermore, chondrocytes with Mig-6 deficiency showed excessive proliferative activities along with enhanced EGF receptor signaling in the articular cartilage and in the abnormally formed osteophytes. Our findings provide insight into the crucial requirement for Mig-6 in maintaining joint homeostasis and in regulating chondrocyte activities in the synovial joints. Our data also suggest that other cell types are required for fully developing the Mig-6-deficient OA-like disorder.
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245
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Induced multipotency in adult keratinocytes through down-regulation of ΔNp63 or DGCR8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E572-81. [PMID: 24449888 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319743111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the miRNA processing machinery in the regulation of stem cell biology are not well understood. Here, we show that the p53 family member and p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is a transcriptional activator of a cofactor critical for miRNA processing (DGCR8). This regulation gives rise to a unique miRNA signature resulting in reprogramming cells to multipotency. Strikingly, ΔNp63(-/-) epidermal cells display profound defects in terminal differentiation and express a subset of markers and miRNAs present in embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts induced to pluripotency using Yamanaka factors. Moreover, ΔNp63(-/-) epidermal cells transduced with an inducible DGCR8 plasmid can differentiate into multiple cell fates in vitro and in vivo. We found that human primary keratinocytes depleted of ΔNp63 or DGCR8 can be reprogrammed in 6 d and express a unique miRNA and gene expression signature that is similar but not identical to human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our data reveal a role for ΔNp63 in the transcriptional regulation of DGCR8 to reprogram adult somatic cells into multipotent stem cells.
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246
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Morohaku K, Pelton SH, Daugherty DJ, Butler WR, Deng W, Selvaraj V. Translocator protein/peripheral benzodiazepine receptor is not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Endocrinology 2014; 155:89-97. [PMID: 24174323 PMCID: PMC3868810 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular events that regulate cellular biosynthesis of steroid hormones have been a topic of intense research for more than half a century. It has been established that transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria forms the rate-limiting step in steroid hormone production. In current models, both the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and the translocator protein (TSPO) have been implicated to have a concerted and indispensable effort in this cholesterol transport. Deletion of StAR in mice resulted in a critical failure of steroid hormone production, but deletion of TSPO in mice was found to be embryonic lethal. As a result, the role of TSPO in cholesterol transport has been established only using pharmacologic and genetic tools in vitro. To allow us to explore in more detail the function of TSPO in cell type-specific experimental manipulations in vivo, we generated mice carrying TSPO floxed alleles (TSPOfl/fl). In this study we made conditional knockout mice (TSPOcΔ/Δ) with TSPO deletion in testicular Leydig cells by crossing with an anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type II cre/+ mouse line. Genetic ablation of TSPO in steroidogenic Leydig cells in mice did not affect testosterone production, gametogenesis, and reproduction. Expression of StAR, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase type I, and TSPO2 in TSPOcΔ/Δ testis was unaffected. These results challenge the prevailing dogma that claims an essential role for TSPO in steroid hormone biosynthesis and force reexamination of functional interpretations made for this protein. This is the first study examining conditional TSPO gene deletion in mice. The results show that TSPO function is not essential for steroid hormone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Morohaku
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (K.M., S.H.P., W.R.B., V.S.), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine (D.J.D., W.D.), University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95618
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247
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Lin T, Ibrahim W, Peng CY, Finegold MJ, Tsai RY. A novel role of nucleostemin in maintaining the genome integrity of dividing hepatocytes during mouse liver development and regeneration. Hepatology 2013; 58:2176-87. [PMID: 23813570 PMCID: PMC3844114 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED During liver development and regeneration, hepatocytes undergo rapid cell division and face an increased risk of DNA damage associated with active DNA replication. The mechanism that protects proliferating hepatocytes from replication-induced DNA damage remains unclear. Nucleostemin (NS) is known to be up-regulated during liver regeneration, and loss of NS is associated with increased DNA damage in cancer cells. To determine whether NS is involved in protecting the genome integrity of proliferating hepatocytes, we created an albumin promoter-driven NS conditional-null (albNS(cko) ) mouse model. Livers of albNS(cko) mice begin to show loss of NS in developing hepatocytes from the first postnatal week and increased DNA damage and hepatocellular injury at 1-2 weeks of age. At 3-4 weeks, albNS(cko) livers develop bile duct hyperplasia and show increased apoptotic cells, necrosis, regenerative nodules, and evidence suggestive of hepatic stem/progenitor cell activation. CCl4 treatment enhances degeneration and DNA damage in NS-deleted hepatocytes and increases biliary hyperplasia and A6(+) cells in albNS(cko) livers. After 70% partial hepatectomy, albNS(cko) livers show increased DNA damage in parallel with a blunted and prolonged regenerative response. The DNA damage in NS-depleted hepatocytes is explained by the impaired recruitment of a core DNA repair enzyme, RAD51, to replication-induced DNA damage foci. CONCLUSION This work reveals a novel genome-protective role of NS in developing and regenerating hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Wessam Ibrahim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Milton J Finegold
- Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital Houston, Texas 77030 USA, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Robert Y.L. Tsai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
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248
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Simó S, Cooper JA. Rbx2 regulates neuronal migration through different cullin 5-RING ligase adaptors. Dev Cell 2013; 27:399-411. [PMID: 24210661 PMCID: PMC3851519 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis requires the proper migration and positioning of different cell types in the embryo. Much more is known about how cells start and guide their migrations than about how they stop when they reach their destinations. Here we provide evidence that Rbx2, a subunit of the Cullin 5-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL5) complex, stops neocortical projection neurons at their target layers. Rbx2 mutation causes neocortical and cerebellar ectopias dependent on Dab1, a key signaling protein in the Reelin pathway. SOCS7, a CRL5 substrate adaptor protein, is also required for neocortical layering. SOCS7-CRL5 complexes stimulate the ubiquitylation and turnover of Dab1. SOCS7 is upregulated during projection neuron migration, and unscheduled SOCS7 expression stops migration prematurely. Cerebellar development requires Rbx2 but not SOCS7, pointing to the importance of other CRL5 adaptors. Our results suggest that CRL5 adaptor expression is spatiotemporally regulated to modulate Reelin signaling and ensure normal neuron positioning in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Simó
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan A. Cooper
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, U.S.A
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249
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Moore R, Cai KQ, Tao W, Smith ER, Xu XX. Differential requirement for Dab2 in the development of embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 13:39. [PMID: 24168030 PMCID: PMC3924344 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-13-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disabled-2 (Dab2) is an endocytic adaptor protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cargo trafficking. Since its expression is lost in several cancer types, Dab2 has been suggested to be a tumor suppressor. In vitro studies indicate that Dab2 establishes epithelial cell polarity and organization by directing endocytic trafficking of membrane glycoproteins. Dab2 also modulates cellular signaling pathways by mediating the endocytosis and recycling of surface receptors and associated signaling components. Previously, two independent gene knockout studies have been reported, with some discrepancies in the observed embryonic phenotypes. To further clarify the in vivo roles of Dab2 in development and physiology, we designed a new floxed allele to delete dab2 gene. RESULTS The constitutive dab2 deleted embryos showed a spectrum in the degree of endoderm disorganization in E5.5 and no mutant embryos persisted at E9.5. However, the mice were grossly normal when dab2 deletion was restricted to the embryo proper and the gene was retained in extraembryonic tissues using Meox2-Cre and Sox2-Cre. Adult Dab2-deficient mice had a small but statistically significant increase in serum cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION The study of the new dab2 mutant allele in embryos and embryoid bodies confirms a role for Dab2 in extraembryonic endoderm development and epithelial organization. Experimental results with embryoid bodies suggest that additional endocytic adaptors such as Arh and Numb could partially compensate for Dab2 loss. Conditional deletion indicates that Dab2 is dispensable for organ development, when the vast majority of the embryonic cells are dab2 null. However, Dab2 has a physiological role in the endocytosis of lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
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Di Giacomo M, Comazzetto S, Saini H, De Fazio S, Carrieri C, Morgan M, Vasiliauskaite L, Benes V, Enright AJ, O'Carroll D. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms and the piRNA pathway enforce LINE1 silencing during adult spermatogenesis. Mol Cell 2013; 50:601-8. [PMID: 23706823 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transposons present an acute challenge to the germline, and mechanisms that repress their activity are essential for transgenerational genomic integrity. LINE1 (L1) is the most successful retrotransposon and is epigenetically repressed by CpG DNA methylation. Here, we identify two additional important mechanisms by which L1 is repressed during spermatogenesis. We demonstrate that the Piwi protein Mili and the piRNA pathway are required to posttranscriptionally silence L1 in meiotic pachytene cells even in the presence of normal L1 DNA methylation. Strikingly, in the absence of both a functional piRNA pathway and DNA methylation, L1 elements are normally repressed in mitotic stages of spermatogenesis. Accordingly, we find that the euchromatic repressive histone H3 dimethylated lysine 9 modification cosuppresses L1 expression therein. We demonstrate the existence of multiple epigenetic mechanisms that in conjunction with the piRNA pathway sequentially enforce L1 silencing and genomic stability during mitotic and meiotic stages of adult spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Di Giacomo
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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