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Zylberberg AK, Cottle DL, Runting J, Rodrigues G, Tham MS, Jones LK, Cumming HE, Short KM, Zaph C, Smyth IM. Modulating inflammation with interleukin 37 treatment ameliorates murine Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 2024; 105:731-743. [PMID: 38158181 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a leading cause of kidney failure and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Interstitial inflammation is attributed to the action of infiltrating macrophages and is a feature thought to aggravate disease progression. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the anti-inflammatory IL37b cytokine as a treatment for ADPKD using genetic mouse models, demonstrating that transgenic expression of human IL37b reduced collecting duct cyst burden in both early and adult-onset ADPKD rodent models. Moreover, injection of recombinant human IL37b could also reduce cyst burden in early onset ADPKD mice, an observation not associated with increased macrophage number at early stages of cyst formation. Interestingly, transgenic IL37b expression also did not alter macrophage numbers in advanced disease. Whole kidney RNA-seq highlighted an IL37b-mediated upregulation of the interferon signaling pathway and single-cell RNA-seq established that these changes originate at least partly from kidney resident macrophages. We further found that blocking type I interferon signaling in mice expressing IL37b resulted in increased cyst number, confirming this as an important pathway by which IL37b exerts its beneficial effects. Thus, our studies show that IL37b promotes interferon signaling in kidney resident macrophages which suppresses cyst initiation, identifying this protein as a potential therapy for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allara K Zylberberg
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jessica Runting
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grace Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ming Shen Tham
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynelle K Jones
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Cumming
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kieran M Short
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colby Zaph
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Tham MS, Cottle DL, Zylberberg AK, Short KM, Jones LK, Chan P, Conduit SE, Dyson JM, Mitchell CA, Smyth IM. Deletion of Aurora kinase A prevents the development of polycystic kidney disease in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:371. [PMID: 38191531 PMCID: PMC10774271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) promotes cell proliferation and is overexpressed in different types of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). To understand AURKA's role in regulating renal cyst development we conditionally deleted the gene in mouse models of Autosomal Dominant PKD (ADPKD) and Joubert Syndrome, caused by Polycystin 1 (Pkd1) and Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (Inpp5e) mutations respectively. We show that while Aurka is dispensable for collecting duct development and homeostasis, its deletion prevents cyst formation in both disease models. Cross-comparison of transcriptional changes implicated AKT signaling in cyst prevention and we show that (i) AURKA and AKT physically interact, (ii) AURKA regulates AKT activity in a kinase-independent manner and (iii) inhibition of AKT can reduce disease severity. AKT activation also regulates Aurka expression, creating a feed-forward loop driving renal cystogenesis. We find that the AURKA kinase inhibitor Alisertib stabilises the AURKA protein, agonizing its cystogenic functions. These studies identify AURKA as a master regulator of renal cyst development in different types of PKD, functioning in-part via AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen Tham
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Allara K Zylberberg
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kieran M Short
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lynelle K Jones
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Perkin Chan
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Dyson
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Conduit SE, Davies EM, Ooms LM, Gurung R, McGrath MJ, Hakim S, Cottle DL, Smyth IM, Dyson JM, Mitchell CA. AKT signaling promotes DNA damage accumulation and proliferation in polycystic kidney disease. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:31-48. [PMID: 31625572 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) results in the formation of renal cysts that can impair function leading to renal failure. DNA damage accumulates in renal epithelial cells in PKD, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear and are investigated here. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and hyperactivation of mTORC1 is a common event in PKD; however, mTORC1 inhibitors have yielded disappointing results in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate AKT and mTORC1 hyperactivation in two representative murine PKD models (renal epithelial-specific Inpp5e knockout and collecting duct-specific Pkd1 deletion) and identify a downstream signaling network that contributes to DNA damage accumulation. Inpp5e- and Pkd1-null renal epithelial cells showed DNA damage including double-stranded DNA breaks associated with increased replication fork numbers, multinucleation and centrosome amplification. mTORC1 activated CAD, which promotes de novo pyrimidine synthesis, to sustain cell proliferation. AKT, but not mTORC1, inhibited the DNA repair/replication fork origin firing regulator TOPBP1, which impacts on DNA damage and cell proliferation. Notably, Inpp5e- and Pkd1-null renal epithelial cell spheroid formation defects were rescued by AKT inhibition. These data reveal that AKT hyperactivation contributes to DNA damage accumulation in multiple forms of PKD and cooperates with mTORC1 to promote cell proliferation. Hyperactivation of AKT may play a causal role in PKD by regulating DNA damage and cell proliferation, independent of mTORC1, and AKT inhibition may be a novel therapeutic approach for PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Davies
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Lisa M Ooms
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Rajendra Gurung
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Meagan J McGrath
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Sandra Hakim
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Dyson
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
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4
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Brinkmann K, Waring P, Glaser SP, Wimmer V, Cottle DL, Tham MS, Nhu D, Whitehead L, Delbridge AR, Lessene G, Smyth IM, Herold MJ, Kelly GL, Grabow S, Strasser A. BCL-XL exerts a protective role against anemia caused by radiation-induced kidney damage. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105561. [PMID: 33236795 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of gene-targeted mice identified the roles of the different pro-survival BCL-2 proteins during embryogenesis. However, little is known about the role(s) of these proteins in adults in response to cytotoxic stresses, such as treatment with anti-cancer agents. We investigated the role of BCL-XL in adult mice using a strategy where prior bone marrow transplantation allowed for loss of BCL-XL exclusively in non-hematopoietic tissues to prevent anemia caused by BCL-XL deficiency in erythroid cells. Unexpectedly, the combination of total body γ-irradiation (TBI) and genetic loss of Bcl-x caused secondary anemia resulting from chronic renal failure due to apoptosis of renal tubular epithelium with secondary obstructive nephropathy. These findings identify a critical protective role of BCL-XL in the adult kidney and inform on the use of BCL-XL inhibitors in combination with DNA damage-inducing drugs for cancer therapy. Encouragingly, the combination of DNA damage-inducing anti-cancer therapy plus a BCL-XL inhibitor could be tolerated in mice, at least when applied sequentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Brinkmann
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Stefan P Glaser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Verena Wimmer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ming Shen Tham
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Duong Nhu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Alex Rd Delbridge
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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5
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Cottle DL, Ursino GM, Jones LK, Tham MS, Zylberberg AK, Smyth IM. Topical Aminosalicylic Acid Improves Keratinocyte Differentiation in an Inducible Mouse Model of Harlequin Ichthyosis. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100129. [PMID: 33294854 PMCID: PMC7691394 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the lipid transport protein ABCA12 cause the life-threatening skin condition harlequin ichthyosis (HI), which is characterized by the loss of skin barrier function, inflammation, and dehydration. Inflammatory responses in HI increase disease severity by impairing keratinocyte differentiation, suggesting amelioration of this phenotype as a possible therapy for the condition. Existing treatments for HI are based around the use of retinoids, but their value in treating patients during the neonatal period has been questioned relative to other improved management regimens, and their long-term use is associated with side effects. We have developed a conditional mouse model to demonstrate that topical application of the aminosalicylic acid derivatives 5ASA or 4ASA considerably improves HI keratinocyte differentiation without the undesirable side effects of the retinoid acitretin and salicylic acid (aspirin). Analysis of changes in gene expression shows that 4ASA in particular elicits compensatory upregulation of a large family of barrier function-related genes, many of which are associated with other ichthyoses, identifying this compound as a lead candidate for developing topical treatments for HI. Inflammation impairs keratinocyte differentiation and worsens harlequin ichthyosis Harlequin ichthyosis mice can be used to assess therapies for this disease Aminosalicylic acids may be therapeutic treatments for harlequin ichthyosis 4ASA improves skin differentiation and barrier function in harlequin ichthyosis models
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny L. Cottle
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gloria M.A. Ursino
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynelle K. Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ming Shen Tham
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allara K. Zylberberg
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Corresponding author
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6
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Jones LK, Lam R, McKee KK, Aleksandrova M, Dowling J, Alexander SI, Mallawaarachchi A, Cottle DL, Short KM, Pais L, Miner JH, Mallett AJ, Simons C, McCarthy H, Yurchenco PD, Smyth IM. A mutation affecting laminin alpha 5 polymerisation gives rise to a syndromic developmental disorder. Development 2020; 147:dev189183. [PMID: 32439764 PMCID: PMC7540250 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Laminin alpha 5 (LAMA5) is a member of a large family of proteins that trimerise and then polymerise to form a central component of all basement membranes. Consequently, the protein plays an instrumental role in shaping the normal development of the kidney, skin, neural tube, lung and limb, and many other organs and tissues. Pathogenic mutations in some laminins have been shown to cause a range of largely syndromic conditions affecting the competency of the basement membranes to which they contribute. We report the identification of a mutation in the polymerisation domain of LAMA5 in a patient with a complex syndromic disease characterised by defects in kidney, craniofacial and limb development, and by a range of other congenital defects. Using CRISPR-generated mouse models and biochemical assays, we demonstrate the pathogenicity of this variant, showing that the change results in a failure of the polymerisation of α/β/γ laminin trimers. Comparing these in vivo phenotypes with those apparent upon gene deletion in mice provides insights into the specific functional importance of laminin polymerisation during development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynelle K Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel Lam
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Karen K McKee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Maya Aleksandrova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Stephen I Alexander
- Nephrology Department, Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amali Mallawaarachchi
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Kieran M Short
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Lynn Pais
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffery H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew J Mallett
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hugh McCarthy
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and the Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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7
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Ursino GM, Fu Y, Cottle DL, Mukhamedova N, Jones LK, Low H, Tham MS, Gan WJ, Mellett NA, Das PP, Weir JM, Ditiatkovski M, Fynch S, Thorn P, Thomas HE, Meikle PJ, Parkington HC, Smyth IM, Sviridov D. ABCA12 regulates insulin secretion from β-cells. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48692. [PMID: 32072744 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis is intimately associated with defects in insulin secretion, a key feature of type 2 diabetes. Here, we explore the role of the putative lipid transporter ABCA12 in regulating insulin secretion from β-cells. Mice with β-cell-specific deletion of Abca12 display impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and eventual islet inflammation and β-cell death. ABCA12's action in the pancreas is independent of changes in the abundance of two other cholesterol transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, or of changes in cellular cholesterol or ceramide content. Instead, loss of ABCA12 results in defects in the genesis and fusion of insulin secretory granules and increases in the abundance of lipid rafts at the cell membrane. These changes are associated with dysregulation of the small GTPase CDC42 and with decreased actin polymerisation. Our findings establish a new, pleiotropic role for ABCA12 in regulating pancreatic lipid homeostasis and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Ursino
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ying Fu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Lynelle K Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Hann Low
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ming Shen Tham
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Wan Jun Gan
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Partha P Das
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Stacey Fynch
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - Peter Thorn
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Helena C Parkington
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Discovery Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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8
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Pleuger C, Lehti MS, Cooper M, O'Connor AE, Merriner DJ, Smyth IM, Cottle DL, Fietz D, Bergmann M, O'Bryan MK. CBE1 Is a Manchette- and Mitochondria-Associated Protein With a Potential Role in Somatic Cell Proliferation. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2573-2586. [PMID: 31504408 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ciliated bronchial epithelium 1 (CBE1) is a microtubule-associated protein localized to the manchette and developing flagellum during spermiogenesis and is associated with sperm maturation arrest in humans. It was hypothesized that CBE1 functions in microtubule-mediated transport mechanisms and sperm tail formation. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed Cbe1 expression and localization during spermiogenesis, and in mouse inner medullary collecting duct-3 (IMCD3) cells as a model of ciliogenesis. Furthermore, we generated and analyzed the fertility of a Cbe1 mutant mouse line. Mice containing a homozygous deletion in the long forms of Cbe1 were born at a lower frequency than predicted by Mendelian inheritance; however, adult male mice were fertile. An in-depth analysis of the Cbe1 gene revealed alternative transcript variants, which were not affected by the exon 2 mutation. To assess whether short variants compensate for the loss of long variants, exons 2 and 4 (which affect all variants) were individually mutated in IMCD3 cells and the effects on cell proliferation and ciliogenesis were analyzed. In wild-type IMCD3 cells, both variants were upregulated during cilia assembly. CBE1 protein was not a structural component of cilia; rather, CBE1 localized to the mitochondria and the contractile ring of dividing IMCD3 cells. Although IMCD3 cells carrying the mutation in long variants showed no phenotypic alterations, the mutation in exon 4 resulted in a significantly decreased proliferation rate. This study reveals that long isoforms of CBE1 are not essential for male fertility. Data, however, suggest that CBE1 is associated with intramanchette transport and midpiece formation of the sperm tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Pleuger
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Mari S Lehti
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine Cooper
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne E O'Connor
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Ip SCI, Cottle DL, Jones LK, Weir JM, Kelsell DP, O'Toole EA, Meikle PJ, Smyth IM. A profile of lipid dysregulation in harlequin ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:e217-e219. [PMID: 28493316 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S C I Ip
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - D L Cottle
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L K Jones
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Weir
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - D P Kelsell
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - E A O'Toole
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - P J Meikle
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - I M Smyth
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Cottle DL, Kretzschmar K, Gollnick HP, Quist SR. p53 activity contributes to defective interfollicular epidermal differentiation in hyperproliferative murine skin. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:204-8. [PMID: 26212071 PMCID: PMC4832295 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Cottle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, U.K..
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - K Kretzschmar
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, U.K
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - H P Gollnick
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke University, DE-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S R Quist
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke University, DE-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- CR-UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K
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11
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Kretzschmar K, Cottle DL, Schweiger PJ, Watt FM. The Androgen Receptor Antagonizes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Epidermal Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2753-2763. [PMID: 26121213 PMCID: PMC4641324 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in adult mouse epidermis leads to expansion of the stem cell compartment and redirects keratinocytes in the interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands (SGs) to differentiate along the hair follicle (HF) lineages. Here we demonstrate that during epidermal development and homeostasis there is reciprocal activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and β-catenin in cells of the HF bulb. AR activation reduced β-catenin-dependent transcription, blocked β-catenin-induced induction of HF growth, and prevented β-catenin-mediated conversion of SGs into HFs. Conversely, AR inhibition enhanced the effects of β-catenin activation, promoting HF proliferation and differentiation, culminating in the formation of benign HF tumors and a complete loss of SG identity. We conclude that AR signaling has a key role in epidermal stem cell fate selection by modulating responses to β-catenin in adult mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kretzschmar
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Pawel J Schweiger
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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12
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Plotnikova OV, Seo S, Cottle DL, Conduit S, Hakim S, Dyson JM, Mitchell CA, Smyth IM. INPP5E interacts with AURKA, linking phosphoinositide signaling to primary cilium stability. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:364-72. [PMID: 25395580 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.161323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase E (INPP5E) cause the ciliopathies known as Joubert and MORM syndromes; however, the role of INPP5E in ciliary biology is not well understood. Here, we describe an interaction between INPP5E and AURKA, a centrosomal kinase that regulates mitosis and ciliary disassembly, and we show that this interaction is important for the stability of primary cilia. Furthermore, AURKA phosphorylates INPP5E and thereby increases its 5-phosphatase activity, which in turn promotes transcriptional downregulation of AURKA, partly through an AKT-dependent mechanism. These findings establish the first direct link between AURKA and phosphoinositide signaling and suggest that the function of INPP5E in cilia is at least partly mediated by its interactions with AURKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Plotnikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Seongjin Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sarah Conduit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sandra Hakim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Dyson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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13
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DiTommaso T, Jones LK, Cottle DL, Gerdin AK, Vancollie VE, Watt FM, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP, Sundberg JP, White JK, Smyth IM. Identification of genes important for cutaneous function revealed by a large scale reverse genetic screen in the mouse. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004705. [PMID: 25340873 PMCID: PMC4207618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly regenerative organ which plays critical roles in protecting the body and sensing its environment. Consequently, morbidity and mortality associated with skin defects represent a significant health issue. To identify genes important in skin development and homeostasis, we have applied a high throughput, multi-parameter phenotype screen to the conditional targeted mutant mice generated by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's Mouse Genetics Project (Sanger-MGP). A total of 562 different mouse lines were subjected to a variety of tests assessing cutaneous expression, macroscopic clinical disease, histological change, hair follicle cycling, and aberrant marker expression. Cutaneous lesions were associated with mutations in 23 different genes. Many of these were not previously associated with skin disease in the organ (Mysm1, Vangl1, Trpc4ap, Nom1, Sparc, Farp2, and Prkab1), while others were ascribed new cutaneous functions on the basis of the screening approach (Krt76, Lrig1, Myo5a, Nsun2, and Nf1). The integration of these skin specific screening protocols into the Sanger-MGP primary phenotyping pipelines marks the largest reported reverse genetic screen undertaken in any organ and defines approaches to maximise the productivity of future projects of this nature, while flagging genes for further characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia DiTommaso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynelle K. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny L. Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anna-Karin Gerdin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie E. Vancollie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P. Steel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline K. White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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14
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DiTommaso T, Cottle DL, Pearson HB, Schlüter H, Kaur P, Humbert PO, Smyth IM. Keratin 76 is required for tight junction function and maintenance of the skin barrier. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004706. [PMID: 25340345 PMCID: PMC4207637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins are cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins that are increasingly being recognised for their diverse cellular functions. Here we report the consequences of germ line inactivation of Keratin 76 (Krt76) in mice. Homozygous disruption of this epidermally expressed gene causes neonatal skin flaking, hyperpigmentation, inflammation, impaired wound healing, and death prior to 12 weeks of age. We show that this phenotype is associated with functionally defective tight junctions that are characterised by mislocalization of the integral protein CLDN1. We further demonstrate that KRT76 interacts with CLDN1 and propose that this interaction is necessary to correctly position CLDN1 in tight junctions. The mislocalization of CLDN1 has been associated in various dermopathies, including the inflammatory disease, psoriasis. These observations establish a previously unknown connection between the intermediate filament cytoskeleton network and tight junctions and showcase Krt76 null mice as a possible model to study aberrant tight junction driven skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia DiTommaso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny L. Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Holger Schlüter
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pritinder Kaur
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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15
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Cottle DL, Ursino GMA, Ip SCI, Jones LK, Ditommaso T, Hacking DF, Mangan NE, Mellett NA, Henley KJ, Sviridov D, Nold-Petry CA, Nold MF, Meikle PJ, Kile BT, Smyth IM. Fetal inhibition of inflammation improves disease phenotypes in harlequin ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:436-49. [PMID: 25209981 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe skin disease which leads to neonatal death in ∼50% of cases. It is the result of mutations in ABCA12, a protein that transports lipids required to establish the protective skin barrier needed after birth. To better understand the life-threatening newborn HI phenotype, we analysed the developing epidermis for consequences of lipid dysregulation in mouse models. We observed a pro-inflammatory signature which was characterized by chemokine upregulation in embryonic skin which is distinct from that seen in other types of ichthyosis. Inflammation also persisted in grafted HI skin. To examine the contribution of inflammation to disease development, we overexpressed interleukin-37b to globally suppress fetal inflammation, observing considerable improvements in keratinocyte differentiation. These studies highlight inflammation as an unexpected contributor to HI disease development in utero, and suggest that inhibiting inflammation may reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas F Hacking
- Department of Anaesthetics, Saint Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Natalie A Mellett
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Katya J Henley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia and
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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16
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Abstract
Fras1-related extracellular matrix protein 1 (FREM1) is required for epidermal adhesion during embryogenesis, and mice lacking the gene develop fetal skin blisters and a range of other developmental defects. Mutations in members of the FRAS/FREM gene family cause diseases of the Fraser syndrome spectrum. Embryonic epidermal blistering is also observed in mice lacking PdgfC and its receptor, PDGFRα. In this article, we show that FREM1 binds to PDGFC and that this interaction regulates signalling downstream of PDGFRα. Fibroblasts from Frem1-mutant mice respond to PDGFC stimulation, but with a shorter duration and amplitude than do wild-type cells. Significantly, PDGFC-stimulated expression of the metalloproteinase inhibitor Timp1 is reduced in cells with Frem1 mutations, leading to reduced basement membrane collagen I deposition. These results show that the physical interaction of FREM1 with PDGFC can regulate remodelling of the extracellular matrix downstream of PDGFRα. We propose that loss of FREM1 function promotes epidermal blistering in Fraser syndrome as a consequence of reduced PDGFC activity, in addition to its stabilising role in the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenny Wiradjaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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17
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McGrath MJ, Binge LC, Sriratana A, Wang H, Robinson PA, Pook D, Fedele CG, Brown S, Dyson JM, Cottle DL, Cowling BS, Niranjan B, Risbridger GP, Mitchell CA. Regulation of the transcriptional coactivator FHL2 licenses activation of the androgen receptor in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5066-79. [PMID: 23801747 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is now clear that progression from localized prostate cancer to incurable castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is driven by continued androgen receptor (AR), signaling independently of androgen. Thus, there remains a strong rationale to suppress AR activity as the single most important therapeutic goal in CRPC treatment. Although the expression of ligand-independent AR splice variants confers resistance to AR-targeted therapy and progression to lethal castrate-resistant cancer, the molecular regulators of AR activity in CRPC remain unclear, in particular those pathways that potentiate the function of mutant AR in CRPC. Here, we identify FHL2 as a novel coactivator of ligand-independent AR variants that are important in CRPC. We show that the nuclear localization of FHL2 and coactivation of the AR is driven by calpain cleavage of the cytoskeletal protein filamin, a pathway that shows differential activation in prostate epithelial versus prostate cancer cell lines. We further identify a novel FHL2-AR-filamin transcription complex, revealing how deregulation of this axis promotes the constitutive, ligand-independent activation of AR variants, which are present in CRPC. Critically, the calpain-cleaved filamin fragment and FHL2 are present in the nucleus only in CRPC and not benign prostate tissue or localized prostate cancer. Thus, our work provides mechanistic insight into the enhanced AR activation, most notably of the recently identified AR variants, including AR-V7 that drives CRPC progression. Furthermore, our results identify the first disease-specific mechanism for deregulation of FHL2 nuclear localization during cancer progression. These results offer general import beyond prostate cancer, given that nuclear FHL2 is characteristic of other human cancers where oncogenic transcription factors that drive disease are activated like the AR in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McGrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
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18
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Cowling BS, Cottle DL, Wilding BR, D'Arcy CE, Mitchell CA, McGrath MJ. Four and a half LIM protein 1 gene mutations cause four distinct human myopathies: a comprehensive review of the clinical, histological and pathological features. Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 21:237-51. [PMID: 21310615 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the four and a half LIM protein 1 (FHL1) gene were recently identified as the cause of four distinct skeletal muscle diseases. Since the initial report outlining the first fhl1 mutation in 2008, over 25 different mutations have been identified in patients with reducing body myopathy, X-linked myopathy characterized by postural muscle atrophy, scapuloperoneal myopathy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Reducing body myopathy was first described four decades ago, its underlying genetic cause was unknown until the discovery of fhl1 mutations. X-linked myopathy characterized by postural muscle atrophy is a novel disease where fhl1 mutations are the only cause. This review will profile each of the FHL1, with a comprehensive analysis of mutations, a comparison of the clinical and histopathological features and will present several hypotheses for the possible disease mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S Cowling
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
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19
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Abstract
Myc is activated in many tumours, yet, paradoxically, stimulates differentiation in mammalian epidermis. To test whether the epidermis responds differently to different levels of Myc, we treated K14MycER transgenic mice with a range of concentrations of the inducing agent, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OHT). Proliferation was stimulated at all levels of Myc activity; sebocyte differentiation was stimulated at low and intermediate levels; and interfollicular epidermal differentiation at intermediate and high levels. Mutational inactivation of the Myc p21 activated kinase 2 (PAK2) phosphorylation sites increased Myc activity and further enhanced epidermal differentiation. We conclude that Myc induced differentiation acts as a fail-safe device to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and neoplastic conversion of epidermal stem cells expressing high levels of Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Berta
- CR-UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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20
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Cottle DL, McGrath MJ, Wilding BR, Cowling BS, Kane JM, D'Arcy CE, Holdsworth M, Hatzinisiriou I, Prescott M, Brown S, Mitchell CA. SLIMMER (FHL1B/KyoT3) interacts with the proapoptotic protein Siva-1 (CD27BP) and delays skeletal myoblast apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26964-77. [PMID: 19643733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fhl1 gene encoding four-and-a-half LIM protein-1 (FHL1) and its spliced isoform, SLIMMER, is mutated in reducing body myopathy, X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy, scapuloperoneal myopathy, and rigid spine syndrome. In this study we have identified a novel function for SLIMMER in delaying skeletal muscle apoptosis via an interaction with the proapoptotic protein Siva-1. Siva-1 was identified as a SLIMMER-specific-interacting protein using yeast two-hybrid screening, direct-binding studies, and glutathione S-transferase pulldown analysis of murine skeletal muscle lysates. In C2C12 skeletal myoblasts, SLIMMER and Siva co-localized in the nucleus; however, both proteins exhibited redistribution to the cytoplasm following the differentiation of mononucleated myoblasts to multinucleated myotubes. In sections of mature skeletal muscle from wild type mice, SLIMMER and Siva-1 co-localized at the Z-line. SLIMMER and Siva-1 were also enriched in Pax-7-positive satellite cells, muscle stem cells that facilitate repair and regeneration. Significantly, SLIMMER delayed Siva-1-dependent apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. In skeletal muscle sections from the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, SLIMMER and Siva-1 co-localized in the nucleus of apoptotic myofibers. Therefore, SLIMMER may protect skeletal muscle from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny L Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
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21
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Schessl J, Zou Y, McGrath MJ, Cowling BS, Maiti B, Chin SS, Sewry C, Battini R, Hu Y, Cottle DL, Rosenblatt M, Spruce L, Ganguly A, Kirschner J, Judkins AR, Golden JA, Goebel HH, Taratuto AL, Muntoni F, Flanigan KM, Mitchell CA, Bönnemann CG. Proteomic identification of the LIM domain protein FHL1 as the gene-product mutated in reducing body myopathy. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Cowling BS, McGrath MJ, Nguyen MA, Cottle DL, Kee AJ, Brown S, Schessl J, Zou Y, Joya J, Bönnemann CG, Hardeman EC, Mitchell CA. Identification of FHL1 as a regulator of skeletal muscle mass: implications for human myopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 183:1033-48. [PMID: 19075112 PMCID: PMC2600747 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200804077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulators of skeletal muscle mass are of interest, given the morbidity and mortality of muscle atrophy and myopathy. Four-and-a-half LIM protein 1 (FHL1) is mutated in several human myopathies, including reducing-body myopathy (RBM). The normal function of FHL1 in muscle and how it causes myopathy remains unknown. We find that FHL1 transgenic expression in mouse skeletal muscle promotes hypertrophy and an oxidative fiber-type switch, leading to increased whole-body strength and fatigue resistance. Additionally, FHL1 overexpression enhances myoblast fusion, resulting in hypertrophic myotubes in C2C12 cells, (a phenotype rescued by calcineurin inhibition). In FHL1-RBM C2C12 cells, there are no hypertrophic myotubes. FHL1 binds with the calcineurin-regulated transcription factor NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1), enhancing NFATc1 transcriptional activity. Mutant RBM-FHL1 forms aggregate bodies in C2C12 cells, sequestering NFATc1 and resulting in reduced NFAT nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. NFATc1 also colocalizes with mutant FHL1 to reducing bodies in RBM-afflicted skeletal muscle. Therefore, via NFATc1 signaling regulation, FHL1 appears to modulate muscle mass and strength enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S Cowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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Schessl J, Zou Y, McGrath MJ, Cowling BS, Maiti B, Chin SS, Sewry C, Battini R, Hu Y, Cottle DL, Rosenblatt M, Spruce L, Ganguly A, Kirschner J, Judkins AR, Golden JA, Goebel HH, Muntoni F, Flanigan KM, Mitchell CA, Bönnemann CG. Proteomic identification of FHL1 as the protein mutated in human reducing body myopathy. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:904-12. [PMID: 18274675 DOI: 10.1172/jci34450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing body myopathy (RBM) is a rare disorder causing progressive muscular weakness characterized by aggresome-like inclusions in the myofibrils. Identification of genes responsible for RBM by traditional genetic approaches has been impossible due to the frequently sporadic occurrence in affected patients and small family sizes. As an alternative approach to gene identification, we used laser microdissection of intracytoplasmic inclusions identified in patient muscle biopsies, followed by nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis. The most prominent component of the inclusions was the Xq26.3-encoded four and a half LIM domain 1 (FHL1) protein, expressed predominantly in skeletal but also in cardiac muscle. Mutational analysis identified 4 FHL1 mutations in 2 sporadic unrelated females and in 2 families with severely affected boys and less-affected mothers. Transfection of kidney COS-7 and skeletal muscle C2C12 cells with mutant FHL1 induced the formation of aggresome-like inclusions that incorporated both mutant and wild-type FHL1 and trapped other proteins in a dominant-negative manner. Thus, a novel laser microdissection/proteomics approach has helped identify both inherited and de novo mutations in FHL1, thereby defining a new X-linked protein aggregation disorder of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schessl
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
MyoD initiates muscle differentiation and promotes skeletal myogenesis by regulating temporal gene expression. MyoD-interacting proteins induce regulatory effects, and the identification of new MyoD-binding partners may provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of gene expression during myogenesis. FHL3 is one of three members of the FHL protein family that are expressed in skeletal muscle, but its function in myogenesis is unknown. Overexpression of human FHL3 in mouse C2C12 cells retarded myotube formation and decreased the expression of muscle-specific regulatory genes such as myogenin but not MyoD. By contrast, short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated FHL3 protein knockdown enhanced myoblast differentiation associated with increased myogenin, but not MyoD protein expression, early during differentiation. We demonstrate that FHL3 is a MyoD-associated protein by direct binding assays, colocalisation in the nucleus of myoblasts and GST pull-down studies. Moreover, we determined that FHL3 interacts with MyoD, functioning as its potent negative co-transcriptional regulator. Ectopic expression of FHL3 in myoblasts impaired MyoD-mediated transcriptional activity and muscle gene expression. By contrast, siRNA-mediated FHL3 knockdown enhanced MyoD transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. These findings reveal that FHL3 association with MyoD may contribute to the regulation of MyoD-dependent transcription of muscle genes and thereby myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny L Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, Australia
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McGrath MJ, Cottle DL, Nguyen MA, Dyson JM, Coghill ID, Robinson PA, Holdsworth M, Cowling BS, Hardeman EC, Mitchell CA, Brown S. Four and a half LIM protein 1 binds myosin-binding protein C and regulates myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:7666-83. [PMID: 16407297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512552200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Four and a half LIM protein 1 (FHL1/SLIM1) is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle; however, the function of FHL1 remains unknown. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified slow type skeletal myosin-binding protein C as an FHL1 binding partner. Myosin-binding protein C is the major myosin-associated protein in striated muscle that enhances the lateral association and stabilization of myosin thick filaments and regulates actomyosin interactions. The interaction between FHL1 and myosin-binding protein C was confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation of recombinant and endogenous proteins. Recombinant FHL2 and FHL3 also bound myosin-binding protein C. FHL1 impaired co-sedimentation of myosin-binding protein C with reconstituted myosin filaments, suggesting FHL1 may compete with myosin for binding to myosin-binding protein C. In intact skeletal muscle and isolated myofibrils, FHL1 localized to the I-band, M-line, and sarcolemma, co-localizing with myosin-binding protein C at the sarcolemma in intact skeletal muscle. Furthermore, in isolated myofibrils FHL1 staining at the M-line appeared to extend partially into the C-zone of the A-band, where it co-localized with myosin-binding protein C. Overexpression of FHL1 in differentiating C2C12 cells induced "sac-like" myotube formation (myosac), associated with impaired Z-line and myosin thick filament assembly. This phenotype was rescued by co-expression of myosin-binding protein C. FHL1 knockdown using RNAi resulted in impaired myosin thick filament formation associated with reduced incorporation of myosin-binding protein C into the sarcomere. This study identified FHL1 as a novel regulator of myosin-binding protein C activity and indicates a role for FHL1 in sarcomere assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McGrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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26
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Coghill ID, Brown S, Cottle DL, McGrath MJ, Robinson PA, Nandurkar HH, Dyson JM, Mitchell CA. FHL3 is an actin-binding protein that regulates alpha-actinin-mediated actin bundling: FHL3 localizes to actin stress fibers and enhances cell spreading and stress fiber disassembly. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:24139-52. [PMID: 12704194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m213259200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Four and a half LIM domain (FHL) proteins are members of the LIM protein superfamily. Several FHL proteins function as co-activators of CREM/CREB transcription factors and the androgen receptor. FHL3 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, but its function is unknown. FHL3 localized to the nucleus in C2C12 myoblasts and, following integrin engagement, exited the nucleus and localized to actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. In mature skeletal muscle FHL3 was found at the Z-line. Actin was identified as a potential FHL3 binding partner in yeast two-hybrid screening of a skeletal muscle library. FHL3 complexed with actin both in vitro and in vivo as shown by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation of recombinant and endogenous proteins. FHL3 promoted cell spreading and when overexpressed in spread C2C12 cells disrupted actin stress fibers. Increased FHL3 expression was detected in highly motile cells migrating into an artificial wound, compared with non-motile cells. The molecular mechanism by which FHL3 induced actin stress fiber disassembly was demonstrated by low speed actin co-sedimentation assays and electron microscopy. FHL3 inhibited alpha-actinin-mediated actin bundling. These studies reveal FHL3 as a significant regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics in skeletal myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen D Coghill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Whitehouse CA, Balbo PB, Pesci EC, Cottle DL, Mirabito PM, Pickett CL. Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin causes a G2-phase cell cycle block. Infect Immun 1998; 66:1934-40. [PMID: 9573072 PMCID: PMC108146 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.5.1934-1940.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) from the diarrheagenic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni was shown to cause a rapid and specific cell cycle arrest in HeLa and Caco-2 cells. Within 24 h of treatment, CDT caused HeLa cells to arrest with a 4N DNA content, indicative of cells in G2 or early M phase. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that the arrested cells had not entered M phase, since no evidence of tubulin reorganization or chromatin condensation was visible. CDT treatment was also shown to cause HeLa cells to accumulate the inactive, tyrosine-phosphorylated form of CDC2. These results indicated that CDT treatment results in a failure to activate CDC2, which leads to cell cycle arrest in G2. This mechanism of action is novel for a bacterial toxin and provides a model for the generation of diarrheal disease by C. jejuni and other diarrheagenic bacteria that produce CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Whitehouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084, USA
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Pickett CL, Pesci EC, Cottle DL, Russell G, Erdem AN, Zeytin H. Prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni and relatedness of Campylobacter sp. cdtB gene. Infect Immun 1996; 64:2070-8. [PMID: 8675309 PMCID: PMC174038 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.6.2070-2078.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni produces a toxin called cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). The genes encoding this toxin in C. jejuni 81-176 were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the genes revealed that there are three genes, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, encoding proteins with predicted sizes of 30,11-6, 28,989, and 21,157 Da, respectively. All three proteins were found to be related to the Escherichia coli CDT proteins, yet the amino acid sequences have diverged significantly. All three genes were required for toxic activity in a HeLa cell assay. HeLa cell assays of a variety of C. jejuni and C. coli strains suggested that most C. jejuni strains produce significantly higher CDT titers than do C. coli strains. Southern hybridization experiments demonstrated that the cdtB gene is present on a 6.0-kb ClaI fragment in all but one of the C. jejuni strains tested; the cdtB gene was on a 6.9-kb ClaI fragment in one strain. The C. jejuni 81-176 cdtB probe hybridized weakly to DNAs from C. coli strains. The C. jejuni 81-176 cdtB probe did not hybridize to DNAs from representative C. fetus, C. lari, C. "upsaliensis," and C. hyointestinalis strains, although the HeLa cell assay indicated that these strains make CDT. PCR experiments indicated the probable presence of cdtB sequences in all of these Campylobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084, USA
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29
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Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerobic bacterium that produces an acute, self-limiting, watery or bloody diarrhea in humans. Little is known about how C. jejuni causes disease or even what specific capabilities it requires for survival in vivo. The enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the breakdown of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and dioxygen is one of the bacterial cell's major defense mechanisms against oxidative damage. A PCR-based search for sod genes in C. jejuni 81-176 revealed that this bacterium contained at least one sod gene. We cloned and sequenced a sod gene from 81-176 and determined that its predicted protein product was most similar to that of FeSODs (sodB genes). Transcriptional analysis indicated that this gene is monocistronic and may be transcribed from a sigma 70-like promoter. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels stained to reveal SOD activities, accompanied by inhibition studies, demonstrated that C. jejuni produces five electrophoretically distinct bands of SOD activity, all of which appeared to be FeSODs. Analysis of an 81-176 sodB strain revealed that all of these FeSOD activities may be products of the one sodB gene that we cloned. The expression and enzymatic activity of the respective sodB and FeSOD produced by both C. jejuni and Helicobacter pylori were examined in Escherichia coli. Both genes were expressed in E. coli, and the proteins produced were enzymatically active. Finally, the ability of the 81-176 sodB strain to survive INT407 cell invasion was found to be significantly decreased (12-fold) compared with that of the parent, suggesting a potential role for SodB in C. jejuni intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Pesci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084
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30
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Abstract
A limited number of Escherichia coli isolates which produce an apparently novel toxin, termed cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), have been reported. The toxic activity produced by these strains causes certain cultured cell lines to become slowly distended and then disintegrate. DNA was isolated from the CDT-producing E. coli strain, 9142-88, and cloned into a cosmid vector. Plasmid DNA from a toxin-positive transductant was further subcloned until a plasmid with a 4-kb insert which still encoded the toxin activity was obtained. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this insert revealed the presence of three adjacent open reading frames. Further subcloning and deletion analysis suggested that the products of all three open reading frames may be required for toxin activity. Minicell experiments identified the products of all three open reading frames. The three proteins had predicted sizes of 27,753,29,531, and 19,938 Da, and all three appeared to have strong consensus leader sequences. None of the three predicted proteins had significant homology to known proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084
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