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Chen Q, Su Y, He X, Zhao W, Wu C, Zhang W, Si X, Dong B, Zhao L, Gao Y, Yang X, Chen J, Lu J, Qiao X, Zhang Y. Plasma long non-coding RNA MALAT1 is associated with distant metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1361-1366. [PMID: 27446438 PMCID: PMC4950178 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a newly identified metastasis-associated long non-coding RNA. In a previous study, it was identified that plasma levels of MALAT1 were significantly increased in gastric cancer patients with metastasis compared with gastric cancer patients without metastasis and healthy control individuals. However, it is unclear whether plasma levels of MALAT1 may act as a biomarker for evaluating the development of metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In the present study, groups that consisted of 47 patients with EOC and metastasis (EOC/DM), 47 patients with EOC without metastasis (EOC/NDM), and 47 healthy control (HC) individuals were established. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the level of plasma MALAT1 in these groups. The results showed that levels of plasma MALAT1 were significantly increased in the EOC/DM group compared with the EOC/NDM and HC groups (P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that plasma MALAT1 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.820 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.734–0.905; P<0.001], distinguishing between EOC/DM and EOC/NDM. ROC analysis also yielded an AUC of 0.884 (95% CI, 0.820–0.949; P<0.001), with 89.4% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity for distinguishing between EOC/DM and HC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that overexpression of MALAT1, differentiation (poor), tumor-node-metastasis stage (IV), lymph node metastasis (N3), peritoneal invasion (present) and higher serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels were independent predictors of survival (hazard ratio, 3.322; P=0.028) in patients with EOC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with increased MALAT1 expression had a poorer disease-free survival time. In conclusion, the levels of plasma MALAT1 may act as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yongyong Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Weian Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Si
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Bingwei Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Lianying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Ximin Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
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202
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Liu S, Koh SSY, Lee CGL. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein and Hepatocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060940. [PMID: 27314335 PMCID: PMC4926473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most associated factors in hepatocarcinogenesis. HBV is able to integrate into the host genome and encode the multi-functional hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx). Although the mechanism between HBx and carcinogenesis is still elusive, recent studies have shown that HBx was able to influence various signaling pathways, as well as epigenetic and genetic processes. This review will examine and summarize recent literature about HBx’s role in these various processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Samantha S Y Koh
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Caroline G L Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610 Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore.
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203
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Carnero E, Barriocanal M, Prior C, Pablo Unfried J, Segura V, Guruceaga E, Enguita M, Smerdou C, Gastaminza P, Fortes P. Long noncoding RNA EGOT negatively affects the antiviral response and favors HCV replication. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1013-28. [PMID: 27283940 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in viral infection is poorly studied. We have identified hepatitis C virus (HCV)-Stimulated lncRNAs (CSRs) by transcriptome analysis. Interestingly, two of these CSRs (PVT1 and UCA1) play relevant roles in tumorigenesis, providing a novel link between HCV infection and development of liver tumors. Expression of some CSRs seems induced directly by HCV, while others are upregulated by the antiviral response against the virus. In fact, activation of pathogen sensors induces the expression of CSR32/EGOT RIG-I and the RNA-activated kinase PKR sense HCV RNA, activate NF-κB and upregulate EGOT EGOT is increased in the liver of patients infected with HCV and after infection with influenza or Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Genome-wide guilt-by-association studies predict that EGOT may function as a negative regulator of the antiviral pathway. Accordingly, EGOT depletion increases the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes and leads to decreased replication of HCV and SFV Our results suggest that EGOT is a lncRNA induced after infection that increases viral replication by antagonizing the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carnero
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina Barriocanal
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celia Prior
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Unfried
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Bioinformatics Unit, CIMA and IdisNA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Enguita
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Puri Fortes
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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204
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Long non-coding RNA regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2254. [PMID: 27277676 PMCID: PMC5143379 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process starting with the dissemination of tumor cells from a primary site and ending with secondary tumor development in an anatomically distant location. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that endows epithelial tumor cells with mesenchymal properties including reduced adhesion and increased motility, is considered a critical step driving the early phase of cancer metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular characteristics of EMT, the intracellular mechanisms driving transition through the various stages of EMT remain unclear. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor metastasis through modulating EMT. LncRNAs and their associated signaling networks have now emerged as new players in the induction and regulation of EMT during metastasis. Here we summarize the recent findings and characterizations of several known lncRNAs involved in the regulation of EMT. We will also discuss the potential use of these lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets to slow down or prevent metastatic spread of malignant tumors.
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205
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Long intergenic non-coding RNA APOC1P1-3 inhibits apoptosis by decreasing α-tubulin acetylation in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2236. [PMID: 27228351 PMCID: PMC4917671 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as important regulatory factors in tumor progression. However, their roles in breast cancer remain largely unknown. In present studies, we identified aberrantly expressed long intergenic non-coding RNA APOC1P1-3 (lincRNA-APOC1P1-3) in breast cancer by microarray, verified it by quantitative real-time PCR, and assessed methylation status in the promoter region by pyrosequencing. We also investigated the biological functions with plasmid transfection and siRNA silencing experiments, and further explored their mechanisms by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation to identify binding proteins. We found that 224 lncRNAs were upregulated in breast cancer, whereas 324 were downregulated. The lincRNA-APOC1P1-3 was overexpressed in breast cancer, which was related to tumor size and hypomethylation in its promoter region. We also found that APOC1P1-3 could directly bind to tubulin to decrease α-tubulin acetylation, to inactivate caspase-3, and to inhibit apoptosis. This study demonstrates that overexpression of APOC1P1-3 can inhibit breast cancer apoptosis.
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206
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Insight Into the Role of Long Noncoding RNA in Cancer Development and Progression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:33-65. [PMID: 27572126 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is a large class of RNA molecules with size larger than 200 nucleotides. They exhibit cellular functions although having no protein-coding capability. Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA play crucial roles in cancer biology. Studies showed that deregulation of lncRNA was frequently observed in various types of cancers which contributed heavily to malignant phenotypical changes. Aberration of lncRNA can be induced by a number of factors such as dysregulated signaling pathway, response to catastrophic effect, viral infection, and contact with carcinogens. Meanwhile, alterations of lncRNA expression or function drive subsequent malignant development such as cell transformation or acquisition of stemness characteristics. Here, we give perspectives on recent findings on the involvement of lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and response to adverse tumor environment. Then, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in cancer stem cell which is an important model of cancer emergence. Last, we provide insight on the potential of lncRNAs in modulating environment favorable of cancer development and progression, and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of lncRNAs in cancer management.
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207
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Zhu M, Lu Y, Li W, Guo J, Dong X, Lin B, Chen Y, Xie X, Li M. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Driven Alpha Fetoprotein Expression to Promote Malignant Behaviors of Normal Liver Cells and Hepatoma Cells. J Cancer 2016; 7:935-46. [PMID: 27313784 PMCID: PMC4910586 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The infection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), HBV-X protein(HBx) is able to induce expression of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) in normal liver cells, and AFP harbors a function to promote malignant transformation of normal liver cells, but the role AFP playing in malignant behaviors of HCC cells is still unclear. Methods: Fifty-six liver tissue samples were collected from the clinical patients through hepatectomy(include normal liver tissues, HBV-related hepatitis liver tissues and HBV-related HCC tissues), and diagnosis of these tissues by pathology section, expression of AFP, Ras and CXCR4 were evidenced by immunohisochemical staining and Western blotting; The proliferation of human normal liver cells line L-02 cells and human hepatoma cells line, HLE cells(non AFP-producing) were performed by MTT method; Repaired capacity of L-02 and HLE cells were compared by wound healing assay; Migration and invasion of these cells were analyzed by Transwell chamber assay; HBx expressed vectors(pcDNA3.1-HBx) were constructed and transfected into L-02 and HLE cells, effects of pcDNA3.1-HBx on the malignant behaviors were also detected by MTT, Transwell chamber assay and the expression of AFP, Ras and CXCR4 were evidenced by Western blotting. Results: we found that expression of AFP, Ras and CXCR4 in HBV-related HCC and lymph nodes metastasis tissues were significantly elevated compared with HBV-related HCC, non metastasis tissues and HBV-related hepatitis tissues; Expression of AFP, Ras and CXCR4 in HBV-related hepatitis tissues were significantly enhanced compared with normal liver tissues; The growth ratio, migratory and invasive ability, expression of AFP, Ras and CXCR4 of the cells were outstanding promoted while L-02 and HLE cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-HBx vectors. The proliferation ratio, migration and invasion ability, and expression of Ras and CXCR4 were significantly inhibited while L-02-X and HLE-X cells(stably transfected with pcDNA3.1-HBx) were silenced AFP expression by AFP-siRNA. Conclusions: HBx through stimulating expression of AFP to promote malignant behaviors of human normal liver cells and HCC cells; AFP maybe used as a novel biotarget for therapeutics of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhu
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China
| | - Yan Lu
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China
| | - Wei Li
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China
| | - Junli Guo
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China
| | - Xu Dong
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China
| | - Bo Lin
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China
| | - Yi Chen
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China
| | - Xieju Xie
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 3. Department of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China
| | - Mengsen Li
- 1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, PR. China; 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, PR. China; 4. Institution of Tumor, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, PR. China
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208
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Dhanasekaran R, Bandoh S, Roberts LR. Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and impact of therapeutic advances. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27239288 PMCID: PMC4870992 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6946.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality and has an increasing incidence worldwide. HCC can be induced by multiple etiologies, is influenced by many risk factors, and has a complex pathogenesis. Furthermore, HCCs exhibit substantial heterogeneity, which compounds the difficulties in developing effective therapies against this highly lethal cancer. With advances in cancer biology and molecular and genetic profiling, a number of different mechanisms involved in the development and progression of HCC have been identified. Despite the advances in this area, the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is still not completely understood. This review aims to elaborate our current understanding of the most relevant genetic alterations and molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of HCC, and anticipate the potential impact of future advances on therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salome Bandoh
- Department of Medicine, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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209
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Shi JJ, Dang SS. Non-coding RNAs and liver diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1952-1959. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i13.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not code for proteins, and they regulate gene expression at replication, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and other levels and may be involved in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, individual development and pathological processes. Recent studies have suggested that aberrant expression of ncRNAs is closely related with liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, alcohol-induced liver injury, and ncRNAs play a central regulatory role in the development and prognosis of these diseases. Therefore, ncRNAs have the potential to become diagnostic and prognostic markers and clinical targets in liver diseases.
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210
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Zhang JY, Weng MZ, Song FB, Xu YG, Liu Q, Wu JY, Qin J, Jin T, Xu JM. Long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 indicates a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cell proliferation and invasion via upregulation of the RhoA/Rac2 signaling. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1590-8. [PMID: 26892468 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes including cancer progression and metastasis. However, the biological functions and clinical significance of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Expression of AFAP1-AS1 was analyzed in 78 HCC tissues by real-time PCR. The effect of AFAP1-AS1 on cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis and cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. RhoA/Rac2 signaling and downstream factors were verified by western blotting. HCC cells infected with si-AFAP1-AS1 were injected into nude mice to investigate the effect of AFAP1-AS1 on the tumorigenesis in vivo. We found that increased expression of AFAP1-AS1 was significantly correlated with pathological staging (P=0.024) and lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) in HCC patients (P=0.007). Multivariate analyses indicated that AFAP1-AS1 represented an independent predictor for overall survival of HCC (P=0.029). Further experiments showed that knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 by si-AFAP1-AS1 decreased the proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo, induced cell apoptosis and blocked cell cycle in S phase via inhibition of the RhoA/Rac2 signaling. Taken together, our findings indicate that AFAP1-AS1 may promote the HCC development through upregulation of RhoA/Rac2 signaling and provide a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhe Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Bin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Yi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Abstract
The recognition of functional roles for transcribed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has provided a new dimension to our understanding of cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. LncRNAs are a large group of structurally complex RNA genes that can interact with DNA, RNA, or protein molecules to modulate gene expression and to exert cellular effects through diverse mechanisms. The emerging knowledge regarding their functional roles and their aberrant expression in disease states emphasizes the potential for lncRNA to serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this concise review, we outline the mechanisms of action of lncRNAs, their functional cellular roles, and their involvement in disease. Using liver cancer as an example, we provide an overview of the emerging opportunities and potential approaches to target lncRNA-dependent mechanisms for therapeutic purposes.
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212
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Yuan Z, Yu X, Ni B, Chen D, Yang Z, Huang J, Wang J, Chen D, Wang L. Overexpression of long non-coding RNA-CTD903 inhibits colorectal cancer invasion and migration by repressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and predicts favorable prognosis. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2675-85. [PMID: 27035092 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is essential for tumorigenesis and progression, but little is known about its roles and mechanisms in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to detect expression level and prognostic role of lncRNA‑CTD903 in CRC patients, which was selected based on one microarray data. The effects on cell invasion, migration and proliferation were investigated after silencing or overexpression of CTD903 in CRC cell lines. We also observed the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) phenomenon and effect on cell adhesion. The associations between CTD903 and EMT markers, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, ZEB1, ZO-1, Snail, and Twist, were determined by western blotting. Our results showed lncRNA-CTD903 expression was strongly upregulated in 115 CRC patients, comparing to adjacent normal tissues. CTD903 was proven to be an independent predicted factor of favorable prognosis in CRC patients by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. After knockdown of CTD903 in RKO and SW480, both cell invasion and migration increased, and cells exhibited EMT-like appearance, along with reduced adhering ability. Moreover, overexpression of CTD903 in DLD1 and HCT116 reversed these phenotypes. Furthermore, downregulation of CTD903 enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activation and subsequently increased transcription factors (Twist and Snail) expression, along with increased mesenchymal marker Vimentin and decreased epithelial marker ZO-1 level, while overexpressed CTD903 confirmed these associations. In conclusion, this study shows that LncRNA-CTD903 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC and can inhibit cell invasion and migration through repressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which plays important roles in EMT and CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xihu Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jintuan Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dianke Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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213
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Wu L, Jin L, Zhang W, Zhang L. Roles of Long Non-Coding RNA CCAT2 in Cervical Cancer Cell Growth and Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:875-9. [PMID: 26983975 PMCID: PMC4801156 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the potential function of lncRNA CCAT2 in cervical cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. MATERIAL/METHODS Expression level of CCAT2 in cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, CaSki, and SiHa) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. CCAT2 knockdown was established by transfecting siRNA into human cervical cancer cells. Its effects on cell proliferation were studied using cell-counting kit-8 assay. The effect of CCAT2 on cervical cancer cells cycle and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry assay. RESULTS CCK8 assay showed that CCAT2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation in HeLa, CaSki, and SiHa cells. The flow cytometry confirmed the results that knockdown of CCAT2 could induce cervical cancer cells cycle G1 phase arrestment and trigger the cells apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA CCAT2 promoted the proliferation and survival of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lixu Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wenmiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Moyo B, Nicholson SA, Arbuthnot PB. The role of long non-coding RNAs in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Virus Res 2016; 212:103-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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215
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Hypoxia-regulated lncRNAs in cancer. Gene 2016; 575:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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216
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Liu J, Su S. Relationship between long non-coding RNAs and liver-related diseases and injuries. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5784-5789. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i36.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs>200 bp in length. In recent years, it was discovered that lncRNAs play an important role in many physiological processes, such as transcription activation, transcriptional interference, X chromosome silencing, genomic imprinting and chromatin modification, transport and so on. More and more studies show alterations of lncRNA expression in primary liver cancer, hepatitis and other liver diseases. This paper reviews the relationship between long non-coding RNAs and liver-related diseases and injuries.
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217
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Ge Y, Yan X, Jin Y, Yang X, Yu X, Zhou L, Han S, Yuan Q, Yang M. MiRNA-192 [corrected] and miRNA-204 Directly Suppress lncRNA HOTTIP and Interrupt GLS1-Mediated Glutaminolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005726. [PMID: 26710269 PMCID: PMC4692503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. However, it is still largely unknown how these lncRNAs were regulated by small ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), at the post-transcriptional level. We here use lncRNA HOTTIP as an example to study how miRNAs impact lncRNAs expression and its biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LncRNA HOTTIP is a vital oncogene in HCC, one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. In the current study, we identified miR-192 and miR-204 as two microRNAs (miRNAs) suppressing HOTTIP expression via the Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in HCC. Interaction between miR-192 or miR-204 and HOTTIP were further confirmed using dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Consistent with this notion, a significant negative correlation between these miRNAs and HOTTIP exists in HCC tissue specimens. Interestingly, the dysregulation of the three ncRNAs was associated with overall survival of HCC patients. In addition, the posttranscriptional silencing of HOTTIP by miR-192, miR-204 or HOTTIP siRNAs could significantly suppress viability of HCC cells. On the contrary, antagonizing endogenous miR-192 or miR-204 led to increased HOTTIP expression and stimulated cell proliferation. In vivo mouse xenograft model also support the tumor suppressor role of both miRNAs. Besides the known targets (multiple 5’ end HOX A genes, i.e. HOXA13), glutaminase (GLS1) was identified as a potential downstream target of the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis in HCC. Considering glutaminolysis as a crucial hallmark of cancer cells and significantly inhibited cell viability after silencingGLS1, we speculate that the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis may interrupt HCC glutaminolysis through GLS1 inhibition. These results elucidate that the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis might be an important molecular pathway during hepatic cell tumorigenesis. Our data in clinical HCC samples highlight miR-192, miR-204 and HOTTIP with prognostic and potentially therapeutic implications. Accumulated evidence demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Here, we for the first time demonstrated how microRNAs (miRNAs) impact onco-lncRNA HOTTIP expression and its biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified miR-192 and miR-204 as two miRNAs suppressing HOTTIP expression via the Argonaute 2-mediated RNA interference pathway. The dysregulation of the three ncRNAs was associated with overall survival of HCC patients. The posttranscriptional silencing of HOTTIP by miR-192, miR-204 or HOTTIP siRNAs could significantly suppress viability of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Besides one of the known target gene HOXA13, glutaminase was identified as a potential downstream target of the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis in HCC. Our data will have high impact on our understanding of how miRNAs are involved in the fine-regulation of lncRNAs and the potential translation in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang K, Guo WX, Li N, Gao CF, Shi J, Tang YF, Shen F, Wu MC, Liu SR, Cheng SQ. Serum LncRNAs Profiles Serve as Novel Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of HBV-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144934. [PMID: 26674525 PMCID: PMC4684503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy that has a poor prognosis because there is lack of methods for early diagnosis. We aimed to utilize two serum long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), uc001ncr and AX800134, to diagnose hepatitis B virus (HBV)–positive HCC. Methods lncRNA microarrays were utilized to measure the differential expression of lncRNAs between tumor tissues and corresponding non-tumor tissues in HBV-positive hapatocellular carcinoma. uc001ncr and AX800134 were selected as candidate lncRNAs and detected in three independent cohorts containing a total of 684 participants (healthy individuals and chronic HBV patients and HBV-positive HCC patients) who were recruited between March 2011 and December 2012. A logistic regression model was constructed using a training cohort (n = 353) and validated using an independent cohort (n = 181). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Results We determined that a panel based on the expression of uc001ncr and AX800134 accurately diagnosed HBV-positive HCC (AUC values of 0.9494 and 0.9491 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). The diagnostic performance of the panel remained high in patients with AFP≤400 ng/ml (AUC values of 0.9371 and 0.9527 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). The panel also diagnosed early HCC (AUC values of 0.9450 and 0.9564 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). Conclusion Our results indicated that the serum expression of uc001ncr and AX800134 has potential as novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC, especially in patients with AFP≤400 ng/ml or early-stage disease (BCLC 0+A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei xing Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun fang Gao
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu fu Tang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng chao Wu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan rong Liu
- Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SRL); (SQC)
| | - Shu qun Cheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SRL); (SQC)
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Liu YR, Tang RX, Huang WT, Ren FH, He RQ, Yang LH, Luo DZ, Dang YW, Chen G. Long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Novel insights into their mechanism. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2781-2791. [PMID: 26668690 PMCID: PMC4670950 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i28.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant subject of liver malignancies which arouse global concern. Advanced studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in HCC and implicate they may play distinct roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarized the functions and mechanisms of those known aberrantly expressed lncRNAs identified in human HCC tissues. We hope to enlighten more comprehensive researches on the detailed mechanisms of lncRNAs and their application in clinic, such as being used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and the targets for potential therapy. Although studies on lncRNAs in HCC are still deficient, an improved understanding of the roles played by lncRNAs in HCC will lead to a much more effective utilization of those lncRNAs as novel candidates in early detection, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of HCC.
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220
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Mohankumar S, Patel T. Extracellular vesicle long noncoding RNA as potential biomarkers of liver cancer. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 15:249-56. [PMID: 26634812 PMCID: PMC4880007 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of extracellular vesicles (EV) and their contents may be useful as disease biomarkers if they reflect the contents of cells of origin, differ between normal and diseased tissue and can be reliably detected. An increasing number of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are being reported to be aberrantly expressed in human cancers. These tumor-associated lncRNA may have potential as new biomarkers of disease. In this review, we highlight lncRNAs that are commonly associated with hepatocellular cancer, and summarize their potential biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms. While lncRNA can be detected in the circulation, their low expression within circulating vesicles will require the use of highly sensitive detection technologies such as digital polymerase chain reaction or next-generation sequencing. While the integrity and functional role of tumor-specific lncRNAs within EV have yet to be established, their presence or enrichment within tumor cell-derived EV offers promise for their potential as disease biomarkers.
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221
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Chacko N, Zhao Y, Yang E, Wang L, Cai JJ, Lin X. The lncRNA RZE1 Controls Cryptococcal Morphological Transition. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005692. [PMID: 26588844 PMCID: PMC4654512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the switch from yeast to hypha is an important morphological process preceding the meiotic events during sexual development. Morphotype is also known to be associated with cryptococcal virulence potential. Previous studies identified the regulator Znf2 as a key decision maker for hypha formation and as an anti-virulence factor. By a forward genetic screen, we discovered that a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RZE1 functions upstream of ZNF2 in regulating yeast-to-hypha transition. We demonstrate that RZE1 functions primarily in cis and less effectively in trans. Interestingly, RZE1's function is restricted to its native nucleus. Accordingly, RZE1 does not appear to directly affect Znf2 translation or the subcellular localization of Znf2 protein. Transcriptome analysis indicates that the loss of RZE1 reduces the transcript level of ZNF2 and Znf2's prominent downstream targets. In addition, microscopic examination using single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) indicates that the loss of RZE1 increases the ratio of ZNF2 transcripts in the nucleus versus those in the cytoplasm. Taken together, this lncRNA controls Cryptococcus yeast-to-hypha transition through regulating the key morphogenesis regulator Znf2. This is the first functional characterization of a lncRNA in a human fungal pathogen. Given the potential large number of lncRNAs in the genomes of Cryptococcus and other fungal pathogens, the findings implicate lncRNAs as an additional layer of genetic regulation during fungal development that may well contribute to the complexity in these "simple" eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chacko
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Youbao Zhao
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ence Yang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linqi Wang
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhou J, Zhi X, Wang L, Wang W, Li Z, Tang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Xu Z. Linc00152 promotes proliferation in gastric cancer through the EGFR-dependent pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:135. [PMID: 26538117 PMCID: PMC4632266 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Linc00152 has been identified highly associated with the tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer, however, the detailed mechanism of Linc00152 involved still remains unclear. Methods RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of Linc00152 and EGFR. The CCK8 and EDU assay was employed to measure cell proliferation while xenotransplantation technology was applied in BALB/C nude mice. The interaction between lncRNA and target protein was investigated by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Results In this study, we first confirmed the upregulation of cytoplasmic expressed Linc00152 in 72 pair tissues of gastric patients. A suppression of cell proliferation and tumor growth was obtained in MGC803 and HGC-27 cells treated with Linc00152 shRNA. RNA pull-down and RIP assay revealed that Linc00152 could directly bind with EGFR which caused an activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusion We first found that Linc00152 could promote tumor growth through EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway which may serve as potential targets for therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Huang Z, Huang L, Shen S, Li J, Lu H, Mo W, Dang Y, Luo D, Chen G, Feng Z. Sp1 cooperates with Sp3 to upregulate MALAT1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2403-12. [PMID: 26352013 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), also known as nuclear-enriched transcript 2 (NEAT2), is highly conserved among mammals and highly expressed in the nucleus. It was first identified in lung cancer as a prognostic marker for metastasis but is also associated with several other solid tumors. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), MALAT1 is a novel biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence after liver transplantation. The mechanism of overexpression in tumor progression remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of specificity protein 1/3 (Sp1/3) in regulation of MALAT1 transcription in HCC cells. The results showed a high expression of Sp1, Sp3 and MALAT1 in HCC vs. paired non-tumor liver tissues, which was associated with the AFP level (Sp1, r=7.44, P=0.0064; MALAT1, r=12.37, P=0.0004). Co-silencing of Sp1 and Sp3 synergistically repressed MALAT1 expression. Sp1 binding inhibitor, mithramycin A (MIT), also inhibited MALAT1 expression in HCC cells. In conclusion, the upstream of MALAT1 contains five Sp1/3 binding sites, which may be responsible for MALAT1 transcription. Inhibitors, such as MIT, provide a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC patients with MALAT1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lanshan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Siqiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Mo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yiwu Dang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dianzhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbo Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Fortes P, Morris KV. Long noncoding RNAs in viral infections. Virus Res 2015; 212:1-11. [PMID: 26454188 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections induce strong modifications in the cell transcriptome. Among the RNAs whose expression is altered by infection are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are transcripts with potential to function as RNA molecules. Infected cells may express viral lncRNAs, cellular lncRNAs and chimeric lncRNAs formed by viral and cellular sequences. Some viruses express viral lncRNAs whose function is essential for viral viability. They are transcribed by polymerase II or III and some of them can be processed by unique maturation steps performed by host cell machineries. Some viral lncRNAs control transcription, stability or translation of cellular and viral genes. Surprisingly, similar functions can be exerted by cellular lncRNAs induced by infection. Expression of cellular lncRNAs may be altered in response to viral replication or viral protein expression. However, many cellular lncRNAs respond to the antiviral pathways induced by infection. In fact, many lncRNAs function as positive or negative regulators of the innate antiviral response. Our current knowledge about the identity and function of lncRNAs in infected cells is very limited. However, research into this field has already helped in the identification of novel cellular pathways and may help in the development of therapeutic tools for the treatment of viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puri Fortes
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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225
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Abstract
Viral infections induce strong modifications in the cell transcriptome. Among the RNAs whose expression is altered by infection are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are transcripts with potential to function as RNA molecules. Infected cells may express viral lncRNAs, cellular lncRNAs and chimeric lncRNAs formed by viral and cellular sequences. Some viruses express viral lncRNAs whose function is essential for viral viability. They are transcribed by polymerase II or III and some of them can be processed by unique maturation steps performed by host cell machineries. Some viral lncRNAs control transcription, stability or translation of cellular and viral genes. Surprisingly, similar functions can be exerted by cellular lncRNAs induced by infection. Expression of cellular lncRNAs may be altered in response to viral replication or viral protein expression. However, many cellular lncRNAs respond to the antiviral pathways induced by infection. In fact, many lncRNAs function as positive or negative regulators of the innate antiviral response. Our current knowledge about the identity and function of lncRNAs in infected cells is very limited. However, research into this field has already helped in the identification of novel cellular pathways and may help in the development of therapeutic tools for the treatment of viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puri Fortes
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Geng M, Xin X, Bi LQ, Zhou LT, Liu XH. Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus X protein function in hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10732-10738. [PMID: 26478665 PMCID: PMC4600575 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i38.10732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors are considered to contribute to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including products of HBV, HBV integration and mutation, and host susceptibility. HBV X protein (HBx) can interfere with several signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and invasion, and HBx C-terminal truncation has been suggested to impact the development of HCC. This review focuses on the pathological functions of HBx in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. As a transactivator, HBx can affect regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs. HBx is also involved in epigenetic modification and DNA repair. HBx interacts with various signal-transduction pathways, such as the p53, Wnt, and nuclear factor-κB pathways. We conclude that HBx hastens the development of hepatoma.
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Wu J, Zhang J, Shen B, Yin K, Xu J, Gao W, Zhang L. Long noncoding RNA lncTCF7, induced by IL-6/STAT3 transactivation, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:116. [PMID: 26452542 PMCID: PMC4600266 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in tumor microenvironment may promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. METHODS The expression and promoter activity of lncTCF7 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and luciferase reporter assay. The function of the STAT3 binding site in the lncTCF7 promoter region was tested by luciferase reporter assay with nucleotide substitutions. The binding of STAT3 to the lncTCF7 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (CHIP) in vivo. The effects of decreasing STAT3 with small interference RNA and inhibiting STAT3 activation by small molecular inhibitor on lncTCF7 expression were also determined. RESULTS We demonstrate that IL-6 could induce lncTCF7 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and we showed that IL-6 transcriptionally activated the expression of lncTCF7 in HCC cells by activating STAT3, a transcription activator which binds to promoter regions of lncTCF7. Furthermore, knocking-down STAT3 and inhibiting STAT3 activation reduced lncTCF7 expression. Importantly, RNA interference-based attenuation of lncTCF7 prevented IL-6-induced EMT and cell invasion. CONCLUSION Thus, these data provides evidence to the existence of an aberrant IL-6/STAT3/ lncTCF7 signaling axis that leads to HCC aggressiveness through EMT induction, which could be novel therapeutic targets in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 1 Changzheng Road, Jiangsu Province, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 1 Changzheng Road, Jiangsu Province, 225400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 1 Changzheng Road, Jiangsu Province, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 1 Changzheng Road, Jiangsu Province, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 1 Changzheng Road, Jiangsu Province, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencan Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 1 Changzheng Road, Jiangsu Province, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 1 Changzheng Road, Jiangsu Province, 225400, People's Republic of China
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Carnero E, Fortes P. HCV infection, IFN response and the coding and non-coding host cell genome. Virus Res 2015; 212:85-102. [PMID: 26454190 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HCV is an ideal model to study how the infected cell is altered to allow the establishment of a chronic infection. After infection, the transcriptome of the cell changes in response to the virus or to the antiviral pathways induced by infection. The cell has evolved to sense HCV soon after infection and to activate antiviral pathways. In turn, HCV has evolved to block the antiviral pathways induced by the cell and, at the same time, to use some for its own benefit. In this review, we summarize the proviral and antiviral factors induced in HCV infected cells. These factors can be proteins and microRNAs, but also long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are induced by infection. Interestingly, several of the lncRNAs upregulated after HCV infection have oncogenic functions, suggesting that upregulation of lncRNAs could explain, at least in part, the increased rate of liver tumors observed in HCV-infected patients. Other lncRNAs induced by HCV infection may regulate the expression of coding genes required for replication or control genes involved in the cellular antiviral response. Given the evolutionary pressure imposed by viral infections and that lncRNAs are specially targeted by evolution, we believe that the study of proviral and antiviral lncRNAs may lead to unexpected discoveries that may have a strong impact on basic science and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carnero
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Puri Fortes
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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229
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Long Noncoding RNAs as New Architects in Cancer Epigenetics, Prognostic Biomarkers, and Potential Therapeutic Targets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:320214. [PMID: 26448935 PMCID: PMC4584070 DOI: 10.1155/2015/320214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome-wide analysis have revealed that 66% of the genome is actively transcribed into noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) while less than 2% of the sequences encode proteins. Among ncRNAs, high-resolution microarray and massively parallel sequencing technologies have identified long ncRNAs (>200 nucleotides) that lack coding protein function. LncRNAs abundance, nuclear location, and diversity allow them to create in association with protein interactome, a complex regulatory network orchestrating cellular phenotypic plasticity via modulation of all levels of protein-coding gene expression. Whereas lncRNAs biological functions and mechanisms of action are still not fully understood, accumulating data suggest that lncRNAs deregulation is pivotal in cancer initiation and progression and metastatic spread through various mechanisms, including epigenetic effectors, alternative splicing, and microRNA-like molecules. Mounting data suggest that several lncRNAs expression profiles in malignant tumors are associated with prognosis and they can be detected in biological fluids. In this review, we will briefly discuss characteristics and functions of lncRNAs, their role in carcinogenesis, and their potential usefulness as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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230
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Cheng Z, Li X, Ding J. Characteristics of liver cancer stem cells and clinical correlations. Cancer Lett 2015; 379:230-8. [PMID: 26272183 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is an aggressive malignant disease with a poor prognosis. Patients with liver cancer are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and thus miss the opportunity for surgical resection. Chemotherapy and radiofrequency ablation, which target tumor bulk, have exhibited limited therapeutic efficacy to date. Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of undifferentiated cells existed in liver cancer, which are considered to be responsible for liver cancer initiation, metastasis, relapse and chemoresistance. Elucidating liver CSC characteristics and disclosing their regulatory mechanism might not only deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver cancer but also facilitate the development of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches to improve the clinical management of liver cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in liver CSC research in terms of the origin, identification, regulation and clinical correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Cheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center of Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center of Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Ding
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center of Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China.
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231
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Ward M, McEwan C, Mills JD, Janitz M. Conservation and tissue-specific transcription patterns of long noncoding RNAs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:2-9. [PMID: 27335896 PMCID: PMC4894084 DOI: 10.3109/23324015.2015.1077591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the focus of molecular biology has shifted from being predominately DNA and protein-centric to having a greater appreciation of RNA. It is now accepted that the genome is pervasively transcribed in tissue- and cell-specific manner, to produce not only protein-coding RNAs, but also an array of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many of these ncRNAs have been found to interact with DNA, protein and other RNA molecules where they exert regulatory functions. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of ncRNAs that are particularly interesting due to their cell-specific and species-specific expression patterns and unique conservation patterns. Currently, individual lncRNAs have been classified functionally; however, for the vast majority the functional relevance is unknown. To better categorize lncRNAs, an understanding of their specific expression patterns and evolutionary constraints are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ward
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Callum McEwan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James D Mills
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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232
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Chen Z, Luo Y, Yang W, Ding L, Wang J, Tu J, Geng B, Cui Q, Yang J. Comparison Analysis of Dysregulated LncRNA Profile in Mouse Plasma and Liver after Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26221732 PMCID: PMC4519261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been believed to be the major transcripts in various tissues and organs, and may play important roles in regulation of many biological processes. The current study determined the LncRNA profile in mouse plasma after liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) using microarray technology. Microarray assays revealed that 64 LncRNAs were upregulated, and 244 LncRNAs were downregulated in the plasma of liver IRI mouse. Among these dysregulated plasma LncRNAs, 59-61% were intergenic, 22-25% were antisense overlap, 8-12% were sense overlap and 6-7% were bidirectional. Ten dysregulated plasma LncRNAs were validated by quantitative PCR assays, confirming the accuracy of microarray analysis result. Comparison analysis between dysregulated plasma and liver LncRNA profile after liver IRI revealed that among the 308 dysregulated plasma LncRNAs, 245 LncRNAs were present in the liver, but remained unchanged. In contrast, among the 98 dysregulated liver LncRNAs after IRI, only 19 were present in the plasma, but remained unchanged. LncRNA AK139328 had been previously reported to be upregulated in the liver after IRI, and silencing of hepatic AK139328 ameliorated liver IRI. Both microarray and RT-PCR analyses failed to detect the presence of AK139328 in mouse plasma. In summary, the current study compared the difference between dysregulated LncRNA profile in mouse plasma and liver after liver IRI, and suggested that a group of dysregulated plasma LncRNAs have the potential of becoming novel biomarkers for evaluation of ischemic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanjin Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liwei Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (QC)
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (QC)
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233
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Crea F, Clermont PL, Parolia A, Wang Y, Helgason CD. The non-coding transcriptome as a dynamic regulator of cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:1-16. [PMID: 24346158 PMCID: PMC3988524 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs, non-coding RNAs (NC-RNAs) have increasingly attracted the attention of cancer investigators. Two classes of NC-RNAs are emerging as putative metastasis-related genes: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). LncRNAs orchestrate metastatic progression through several mechanisms, including the interaction with epigenetic effectors, splicing control and generation of microRNA-like molecules. In contrast, snoRNAs have been long considered “housekeeping” genes with no relevant function in cancer. However, recent evidence challenges this assumption, indicating that some snoRNAs are deregulated in cancer cells and may play a specific role in metastasis. Interestingly, snoRNAs and lncRNAs share several mechanisms of action, and might synergize with protein-coding genes to generate a specific cellular phenotype. This evidence suggests that the current paradigm of metastatic progression is incomplete. We propose that NC-RNAs are organized in complex interactive networks which orchestrate cellular phenotypic plasticity. Since plasticity is critical for cancer cell metastasis, we suggest that a molecular interactome composed by both NC-RNAs and proteins orchestrates cancer metastasis. Interestingly, expression of lncRNAs and snoRNAs can be detected in biological fluids, making them potentially useful biomarkers. NC-RNA expression profiles in human neoplasms have been associated with patients’ prognosis. SnoRNA and lncRNA silencing in pre-clinical models leads to cancer cell death and/or metastasis prevention, suggesting they can be investigated as novel therapeutic targets. Based on the literature to date, we critically discuss how the NC-RNA interactome can be explored and manipulated to generate more effective diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for metastatic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crea
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
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234
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Wang X, Ren Y, Zhuang H, Meng X, Huang S, Li Y, Hehir M, Wang P. Decrease of phosphorylated proto-oncogene CREB at Ser 133 site inhibits growth and metastatic activity of renal cell cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:985-95. [PMID: 26036429 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1053208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclic-AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is a proto-oncogenic transcription factor. The authors' previous reports showed that blocking the CREB binding site at Ser 133 inhibited the expression of target genes, which related to the progression of some tumors. In this study, the authors investigated the role of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) at Ser133 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) growth and metastases. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, xenograft model in nude mice, cell proliferation assay, cell invasion/migration assay, fluorescent immunocytochemistry and Western analysis were performed in an immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell line and clear-cell RCC. RESULTS The authors' results showed that knockdown of pCREB inhibited kidney cancer cells growth in vivo. Furthermore, suppression of the pCREB level blunted the capabilities of cell migration and invasion in vitro and was accompanied with significantly decreased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, the filopodia formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Surprisingly, no changes of expression or location of vimentin were revealed in the experiment. Bioinformatic software explained the possible reason for this is that the promoter of vimentin does not contain the CRE sequence. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that decreasing the level of pCREB inhibits the growth and metastasis of RCC by targeting the Ser 133 site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Ningbo University, School of Medicine , Ningbo 315211 , China
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235
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Tsang FHC, Au SLK, Wei L, Fan DNY, Lee JMF, Wong CCL, Ng IOL, Wong CM. Long non-coding RNA HOTTIP is frequently up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and is targeted by tumour suppressive miR-125b. Liver Int 2015; 35:1597-606. [PMID: 25424744 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human cancers. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and functional implications of lncRNAs in human HCC. METHODS Eighty-eight well-annotated lncRNAs were profiled in primary HCC by quantitative RT-PCR. Functional relevance of lncRNAs was elucidated in HCC cell lines and nude mice models. The regulatory relationship between miRNA and lncRNA was predicted in silico and further validated by luciferase reporter assay and expression analysis. RESULTS In our profiling study, HOTTIP was identified as the most significantly up-regulated lncRNA in human HCCs, even in early stage of HCC formation. Functionally, knock-down of HOTTIP attenuated HCC cell proliferation in vitro and markedly abrogated tumourigenicity in vivo. In addition, knock-down of HOTTIP also inhibited migratory ability of HCC cells and significantly abrogated lung metastasis in orthotopic implantation model in nude mice. HOTTIP is an antisense lncRNA mapped to the distal end of the HOXA gene cluster. Knock-down of HOTTIP significantly suppressed the expression of a number of HOXA genes. Furthermore, we identified miR-125b as a post-transcriptional regulator of HOTTIP. Ectopic expression of miR-125b reduced HOTTIP-coupled luciferase activity and suppressed the endogenous level of HOTTIP. Moreover, in human HCCs, HOTTIP expression negatively correlated with that of miR-125b. CONCLUSIONS HOTTIP is a novel oncogenic lncRNA, which negatively regulated by miR-125b. Overexpression of HOTTIP contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating the expression of its neighbouring protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice H C Tsang
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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236
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Long Noncoding RNAs in Digestive System Malignancies: A Novel Class of Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets? Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:319861. [PMID: 26064090 PMCID: PMC4429197 DOI: 10.1155/2015/319861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High throughput methodologies have revealed the existence of an unexpectedly large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The unconventional role of lncRNAs in gene expression regulation and their broad implication in oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways have introduced lncRNAs as novel biological tumor markers. The most prominent example of lncRNAs application in routine clinical practice is PCA3, a FDA-approved biomarker for prostate cancer. Regarding digestive system malignancies, the oncogenic HOTAIR is one of the most widely studied lncRNAs in the preclinical level and has already been identified as a potent prognostic marker for major malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings regarding the emerging role of lncRNAs not only as key regulators of cancer initiation and progression in colon, stomach, pancreatic, liver, and esophageal cancers, but also as reliable tumor markers and therapeutic tools. lncRNAs can be easily, rapidly, and cost-effectively determined in tissues, serum, and gastric juice, making them highly versatile analytes. Taking also into consideration the largely unmet clinical need for early diagnosis and more accurate prognostic/predictive markers for gastrointestinal cancer patients, we comment upon the perspectives of lncRNAs as efficient molecular tools that could aid in the clinical management.
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237
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Gao Y, Chen G, Zeng Y, Zeng J, Lin M, Liu X, Liu J. Invasion and metastasis-related long noncoding RNA expression profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7409-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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238
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Hu G, Yang T, Zheng J, Dai J, Nan A, Lai Y, Zhang Y, Yang C, Jiang Y. Functional role and mechanism of lncRNA LOC728228 in malignant 16HBE cells transformed by anti-benzopyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54 Suppl 1:E192-204. [PMID: 25820656 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major health problem, and is considered one of the deadliest cancers in humans. It is refractory to current treatments, and the mechanisms of lung cancer are unknown. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes and human diseases. However, the exact functional roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs are largely unclear. In this study, we attempted to identify lung-cancer-related lncRNAs. We found changes in lncRNA expression in the anti-benzo(a) pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (anti-BPDE)-transformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE-T cells) using microarrays and qRT-PCR. Of these lncRNAs, LOC728228 was upregulated relative to its expression in control untransformed16HBE (16HBE-N) cells. LOC728228 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, caused G0/G1-phase cell-cycle arrest, reduced cellular migration, suppressed colony formation in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. LOC728228 knockdown also suppressed cyclin D1 expression, and the depletion of cyclin D1 induced G0/G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation, thus influencing the malignant potential of cancer cells. In summary, our results suggest that lncRNA LOC728228 has an oncogene-like function and plays a vital role in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
| | - Ti Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
| | - Jingli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
| | - Jiabing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
| | - Aruo Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
| | - Yandong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China
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Liu LX, Wu LF. Research progress in long non-coding RNAs and liver diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1211-1217. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i8.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nt without protein coding capacity. LncRNAs regulate gene expression at epigenetic transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and they are deeply involved in biological and pathological changes. Recently, more and more evidence has shown that the altered expression of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis is important for the development, progression and prognosis of hepatic diseases. This review focuses on the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases.
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240
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Shi WH, Wu QQ, Li SQ, Yang TX, Liu ZH, Tong YS, Tuo L, Wang S, Cao XF. Upregulation of the long noncoding RNA PCAT-1 correlates with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2501-7. [PMID: 25731728 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. Prostate cancer-associated ncRNA transcript 1 (PCAT-1) is one of the lncRNAs involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation of prostate cancer. This study aimed to assess the potential role of PCAT-1 specifically in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of PCAT-1 in matched cancerous tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues from 130 patients with ESCC, 34 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and 30 patients with gastric carcinoma (GC). The correlation of PCAT-1 with clinicopathological features and prognosis were also analyzed. The expression of PCAT-1 was significantly higher in human ESCC compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissues (70.8%, p < 0.01), and the high level of PCAT-1 expression was significantly correlated with invasion of the tumor (p = 0.024), advanced clinical stage (p = 0.003), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.032), and poor prognosis. However, PCAT-1 mRNA expression had no significant difference between paired primary cancerous tissues and the adjacent noncancerous tissues in 34 cases of NSCLC (p = 0.293) and 30 cases of GC (p = 0.125). High expression of PCAT-1 was specifically correlated with invasion of cancer tissues, metastasis of lymph node, and advanced tumor stage of ESCC. High expression of PCAT-1 might reflect poor prognosis of ESCC and indicate a potential diagnostic target in ESCC patients. Adjuvant therapy targeting PCAT-1 molecule might be effective in treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hong Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
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Ji X, Zhang Q, Du Y, Liu W, Li Z, Hou X, Cao G. Somatic mutations, viral integration and epigenetic modification in the evolution of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Genomics 2015; 15:469-80. [PMID: 25646075 PMCID: PMC4311391 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915666141114213833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer in men is the second leading cause of cancer death and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 70%-85% of the total liver cancer worldwide. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of HCC. Chronic, intermittently active inflammation provides “fertile field” for “mutation, selection, and adaptation” of HBV and the infected hepatocytes, a long-term evolutionary process during HBV-induced carcinogenesis. HBV mutations, which are positively selected by insufficient immunity, can promote and predict the occurrence of HCC. Recently, advanced sequencing technologies including whole genome sequencing, exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing provide opportunities to better under-stand the insight of how somatic mutations, structure variations, HBV integrations, and epigenetic modifications contribute to HCC development. Genomic variations of HCC caused by various etiological factors may be different, but the common driver mutations are important to elucidate the HCC evolutionary process. Genome-wide analyses of HBV integrations are helpful in clarifying the targeted genes of HBV in carcinogenesis and disease progression. RNA sequencing can identify key molecules whose expressions are epigenetically modified during HCC evolution. In this review, we summarized the current findings of next generation sequencings for HBV-HCC and proposed a theory framework of Cancer Evolution and Development based on the current knowledge of HBV-induced HCC to characterize and interpret evolutionary mechanisms of HCC and possible other cancers. Understanding the key viral and genomic variations involved in HCC evolution is essential for generating effective diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for the interventions of HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zixiong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaomei Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Cao C, Sun J, Zhang D, Guo X, Xie L, Li X, Wu D, Liu L. The long intergenic noncoding RNA UFC1, a target of MicroRNA 34a, interacts with the mRNA stabilizing protein HuR to increase levels of β-catenin in HCC cells. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:415-26.e18. [PMID: 25449213 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Altered activities of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with cancer development. We investigated the mechanisms by which the long intergenic noncoding RNA UFC1 (lincRNA-UFC1) promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using human tissues and cell lines. METHODS We used microarrays to compare expression profiles of lncRNAs in HCC samples and adjacent nontumor tissues (controls) from 7 patients. HCC and nontumor tissues were collected from 2006 through 2012 from patients in Guangzhou, China. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure levels of lincRNA-UFC1 in tissues from 49 patients, and in situ hybridization to measure levels in samples from 131 patients; clinical data were collected from patients for up to 5 years. The lincRNA-UFC1 was expressed transgenically, or knocked down with short hairpin RNAs, in BEL-7402, SK-Hep1, Huh7, and MHCC-97H HCC cell lines; luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays were performed. We also analyzed growth of xenograft tumors from these cells in BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS Levels of the lincRNA-UFC1 were increased in HCC tissues compared with controls, and associated with tumor size, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and patient outcomes. Transgenic expression of the lincRNA-UFC1 in HCC cells promoted their proliferation and cell-cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis, whereas short hairpin RNA knockdown of lincRNA-UFC1 had opposite effects. Xenograft tumors grown from cells overexpressing lincRNA-UFC1 had larger mean volumes and weights, and formed more rapidly, than tumors grown from control cells. Tumors grown from lincRNA-UFC1 knockdown were smaller than controls. The lincRNA-UFC1 interacted directly with the messenger RNA (mRNA) stabilizing protein HuR (encoded by ELAVL1) to increase levels of β-catenin mRNA (encoded by CTNNB1) and protein. Levels of lincRNA-UFC1 correlated with those of β-catenin in HCC tissues. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between levels of microRNA 34a and lincRNA-UFC1 in HCC tissues; microRNA 34a reduced the stability of lincRNA-UFC1. CONCLUSIONS The lincRNA-UFC1, a target of microRNA 34a, promotes proliferation and reduces apoptosis in HCC cells to promote growth of xenograft tumors in mice. It interacts directly with the mRNA stabilizing protein HuR to regulate levels of β-catenin in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Cao
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xin Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Barriocanal M, Carnero E, Segura V, Fortes P. Long Non-Coding RNA BST2/BISPR is Induced by IFN and Regulates the Expression of the Antiviral Factor Tetherin. Front Immunol 2015; 5:655. [PMID: 25620967 PMCID: PMC4288319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in cells but only a few have been well characterized. In these cases, lncRNAs have been shown to be key regulators of several cellular processes. Therefore, there is a great need to understand the function of more lncRNAs and their regulation in response to stimuli. Interferon (IFN) is a key molecule in the cellular antiviral response. IFN binding to its receptor activates transcription of several IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that function as potent antivirals. In addition, several ISGs are positive or negative regulators of the IFN pathway. This is essential to ensure a strong antiviral response and a later return of the cell to homeostasis. As the ISGs described to date are coding genes, we sought to determine whether IFN also regulates the expression of long non-coding ISGs. To this aim, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the transcriptome of control and HuH7 cells treated with IFNα2. The results show that IFN-treatment regulates the expression of several unknown non-coding transcripts. We have validated two lncRNAs upregulated after treatment with different doses of type I IFNα2 in different cells or with type III IFNλ. These lncRNAs were also induced by influenza and vesicular stomatitis virus mutants unable to block the IFN response, but not by several wild-type lytic viruses tested. These lncRNA genes were named lncISG15 and lncBST2 as they are located close to ISGs ISG15 and BST2, respectively. Interestingly, inhibition experiments showed that lncBST2 is a positive regulator of BST2. Therefore lncBST2 has been renamed BISPR, from BST2 IFN-stimulated positive regulator. Our results may have therapeutic implications as lncBST2/BISPR, but also lncISG15 and their coding neighbors, are increased in cells infected with hepatitis C virus and in the liver of infected patients. These results allow us to hypothesize that several lncRNAs could be activated by IFN to control the potency of the antiviral IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barriocanal
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Elena Carnero
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Bioinformatics Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Puri Fortes
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
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Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes gallbladder cancer development via negative modulation of miRNA-218-5p. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1583. [PMID: 25569100 PMCID: PMC4669740 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein-coding genes account for only ~2% of the human genome, whereas the vast majority of transcripts are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). A growing volume of literature has proposed that lncRNAs are important factors in cancer. Colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1), an lncRNA, which was first identified in colon cancer, was previously shown to promote tumor development and be a negative prognostic factor in gastric cancer. However, the mechanism through which CCAT1 exerts its oncogenic activity remains largely unknown. Recently, a novel regulatory mechanism has been proposed in which RNAs can cross-talk with each other via competing shared for microRNAs (miRNAs). The proposed competitive endogenous RNAs could mediate the bioavailability of miRNAs on their targets, thus imposing another level of posttranscriptional regulation. In this study, we demonstrated that CCAT1 was upregulated in gallbladder cancer (GBC) tissues. CCAT1 silencing downregulated, whereas CCAT1 overexpression enhanced the expression of miRNA-218-5p target gene Bmi1 through competitively ‘spongeing' miRNA-218-5p. Our data revealed that CCAT1 knockdown impaired the proliferation and invasiveness of GBC cells, at least in part through affecting miRNA-218-5p-mediated regulation of Bmi1. Moreover, CCAT1 transcript level was correlated with Bmi1 mRNA level in GBC tissues. Together, these results suggest that CCAT1 is a driver of malignancy, which acts in part through ‘spongeing' miRNA-218-5p.
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245
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Shen XH, Qi P, Du X. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer invasion and metastasis. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:4-13. [PMID: 24925053 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent large-scale transcriptome analyses have revealed that the human genome contains more than just protein-coding genes. Indeed, a large number of transcripts, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), lack protein-coding capacity, and increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs could have a critical role in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, such as stem cell pluripotency, development, cell growth and apoptosis, and cancer invasion and/or metastasis. Furthermore, the aberrant expression of several lncRNAs is closely linked to cancer invasion and/or metastasis. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate cancer invasion and/or metastasis are not clearly understood, recent studies have revealed that aberrant lncRNAs expression affects the progression of cancer. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the roles of lncRNAs in cancer invasion and/or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-han Shen
- 1] Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [3] Ningbo Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Qi
- 1] Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [3] Ningbo Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Du
- 1] Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [3] Ningbo Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis Center, Shanghai, China
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Noncoding RNA Expression During Viral Infection: The Long and the Short of It. MICRORNAS AND OTHER NON-CODING RNAS IN INFLAMMATION 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123390 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13689-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gu S, Li G, Zhang X, Yan J, Gao J, An X, Liu Y, Su P. Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2631-43. [PMID: 25522749 PMCID: PMC4337719 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is one of the primary causes of severe pulmonary hypertension. In order to identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that may be involved in the development of CTEPH, comprehensive lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiling of endothelial tissues from the pulmonary arteries of CTEPH patients was conducted with microarray analysis. Differential expression of 185 lncRNAs was observed in the CTEPH tissues compared with healthy control tissues. Further analysis identified 464 regulated enhancer-like lncRNAs and overlapping, antisense or nearby mRNA pairs. Coexpression networks were subsequently constructed and investigated. The expression levels of the lncRNAs, NR_036693, NR_027783, NR_033766 and NR_001284, were significantly altered. Gene ontology and pathway analysis demonstrated the potential role of lncRNAs in the regulation of central process, including inflammatory response, response to endogenous stimulus and antigen processing and presentation. The use of bioinformatics may help to uncover and analyze large quantities of data identified by microarray analyses, through rigorous experimental planning, statistical analysis and the collection of more comprehensive data regarding CTEPH. The results of the present study provided evidence which may be helpful in future studies on the diagnosis and management of CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xitao Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang An
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Zheng H, Yang S, Yang Y, Yuan SX, Wu FQ, Wang LL, Yan HL, Sun SH, Zhou WP. Epigenetically silenced long noncoding-SRHC promotes proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:1195-203. [PMID: 25512078 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression of SRHC and the role of SRHC in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We analyzed HCC samples and matched non-tumor liver tissues (controls) collected from 81 patients who underwent hepatectomy in Shanghai, China. The expression levels of SRHC were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were used to associate the levels of SRHC with tumor features and patient outcomes. RESULTS We found that a lower SRHC expression level was significantly more frequent in tissues with a high serum a-fetoprotein level (positive, >20 µg/L, P = 0.004) and a low degree of differentiated tumors (poorly differentiated, P = 0.017). Furthermore, we found that the promoter region of SRHC contains a CpG-rich island and that SRHC is down-regulated in tumors by DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Here, we identified a new long noncoding RNA designated as SRHC that is capable of inhibiting cancer proliferation and is down-regulated in tumors at least partly by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Xue Y, Ma G, Gu D, Zhu L, Hua Q, Du M, Chu H, Tong N, Chen J, Zhang Z, Wang M. Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA signature in human colorectal cancer. Gene 2014; 556:227-34. [PMID: 25456707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely regarded as crucial regulators in various biological processes involved in carcinogenesis. However, the comprehensive lncRNA expression signature in colorectal cancer remains fully unknown. We performed a high throughput microarray assay to detect lncRNA expression profile in three paired human colorectal cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues. Additional 90 paired colorectal samples were collected to verify differently expression levels of two selected lncRNAs using q-RT-PCR assay. Bioinformatic approaches were performed to explore into the functions of these differently expressed lncRNAs. Microarray assay showed a series of lncRNAs were differently expressed in colorectal cancer. Two of the lncRNAs, HOTAIR and a novel lncRNA, lncRNA-422 were confirmed in more samples (P=0.015 for HOTAIR and P=0.027 for lncRNA-422, respectively). GSEA indicated that gene sets most correlated with them were those named up-regulated in KRAS-over, down-regulated in JAK2-knockout, down-regulated in PDGF-over and down-regulated in TBK1-knockout, all of which were cancer-related. Subsequently, GO analyses of most significantly correlated coding genes of HOTAIR and lncRNA-422 showed that these two lncRNAs may participate in carcinogenesis by regulating protein coding genes involved in special biological process relevant to cancer. Our study demonstrated that different lncRNA expression patterns were involved in colorectal cancer. Besides, HOTAIR and lncRNA-422 were identified to participate in colorectal cancer. Further studies into biological mechanisms of differently expressed lncRNAs identified in our study will help to provide new perspective in colorectal cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xue
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuhan Hua
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Tong
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Sun J, Bie B, Zhang S, Yang J, Li Z. Long non-coding RNAs: critical players in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20434-48. [PMID: 25387074 PMCID: PMC4264176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease with multiple underlying pathogenic mechanisms caused by a variety of etiologic factors. Emerging evidence showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with size larger than 200 nucleotides (nt), play important roles in various types of cancer development and progression. In recent years, some dysregulated lncRNAs in HCC have been revealed and roles for several of them in HCC have been characterized. All these findings point to the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in HCC. In this review, we summarize known dysregulated lncRNAs in HCC, and review potential biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in HCC. Additionally, we discussed prospects of lncRNAs as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. In conclusion, this paper will help us gain better understanding of molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs perform their function in HCC and also provide general strategies and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Beibei Bie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Zongfang Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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