201
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Nadeem T, Khan MA, Ijaz B, Ahmed N, Rahman ZU, Latif MS, Ali Q, Rana MA. Glycosylation of Recombinant Anticancer Therapeutics in Different Expression Systems with Emerging Technologies. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2787-2798. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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202
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Kiyoshi M, Tsumoto K, Ishii-Watabe A, Caaveiro JMM. Glycosylation of IgG-Fc: a molecular perspective. Int Immunol 2018; 29:311-317. [PMID: 28655198 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies of the IgG class carry a pair of oligosaccharides (N-glycans) in the Fc region. The importance of the N-glycan is clearly demonstrated by its profound effect in the physicochemical and biological properties of antibodies. The term 'glycoengineering' has been coined to describe contemporary strategies to improve the performance of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies on the basis of modifications in the structure and composition of the N-glycan. These methodologies have resulted in the approval and commercialization of a new generation of antibodies with improved therapeutic efficacy. So far, these advances have been driven by herculean efforts in a process of trial-and-error. The collective work of researchers in this field is progressively revealing the molecular basis of N-glycans for the function of antibodies. This knowledge will ultimately be conducive to the application of rational approaches for the successful manipulation of antibodies using glycoengineering strategies. Herein, we review advances in our understanding of the role of the N-glycan in the structural and dynamic integrity, and biological activity, of antibodies. Since the N-glycan has a multifaceted effect in antibodies, in this review we have emphasized the importance of integrating various techniques that address this problem from multiple points of view. In particular, the combination of X-ray crystallography with nuclear magnetic resonance, molecular dynamics simulations and biophysical approaches based on thermodynamic principles, has emerged as a powerful combination that is deepened our understanding of this unique system with critical implications for human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kiyoshi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic Optimization, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Jose M M Caaveiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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203
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More AS, Toth RT, Okbazghi SZ, Middaugh CR, Joshi SB, Tolbert TJ, Volkin DB, Weis DD. Impact of Glycosylation on the Local Backbone Flexibility of Well-Defined IgG1-Fc Glycoforms Using Hydrogen Exchange-Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2315-2324. [PMID: 29751008 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have used hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry to characterize local backbone flexibility of 4 well-defined IgG1-Fc glycoforms expressed and purified from Pichia pastoris, 2 of which were prepared using subsequent in vitro enzymatic treatments. Progressively decreasing the size of the N-linked N297 oligosaccharide from high mannose (Man8-Man12), to Man5, to GlcNAc, to nonglycosylated N297Q resulted in progressive increases in backbone flexibility. Comparison of these results with recently published physicochemical stability and Fcγ receptor binding data with the same set of glycoproteins provide improved insights into correlations between glycan structure and these pharmaceutical properties. Flexibility significantly increased upon glycan truncation in 2 potential aggregation-prone regions. In addition, a correlation was established between increased local backbone flexibility and increased deamidation at asparagine 315. Interestingly, the opposite trend was observed for oxidation of tryptophan 277 where faster oxidation correlated with decreased local backbone flexibility. Finally, a trend of increasing C'E glycopeptide loop flexibility with decreasing glycan size was observed that correlates with their FcγRIIIa receptor binding properties. These well-defined IgG1-Fc glycoforms serve as a useful model system to identify physicochemical stability and local backbone flexibility data sets potentially discriminating between various IgG glycoforms for potential applicability to future comparability or biosimilarity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva S More
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Ronald T Toth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Solomon Z Okbazghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Thomas J Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
| | - David D Weis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045.
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204
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Bertrand V, Vogg S, Villiger TK, Stettler M, Broly H, Soos M, Morbidelli M. Proteomic analysis of micro-scale bioreactors as scale-down model for a mAb producing CHO industrial fed-batch platform. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:27-36. [PMID: 29719200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical production of recombinant proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, is rather complex and requires proper development work. Accordingly, it is essential to develop appropriate scale-down models, which can mimic the corresponding production scale. In this work, we investigated the impact of the bioreactor scale on intracellular micro-heterogeneities of a CHO cell line producing monoclonal antibodies in fed-batch mode, using a 10 mL micro-bioreactor (ambr™) scale-down model and the corresponding 300 L pilot-scale bioreactor. For each scale, we measured the time evolution of the proteome, which enabled us to compare the impact of the bioreactor scale on the intracellular processes. Nearly absolute accordance between the scales was verified by data mining methods, such as hierarchical clustering and in-detail analysis on a single protein base. The time response of principal enzymes related to N-glycosylation was discussed, emphasizing major dissimilarities between the glycan fractions adorning the heavy chain and the corresponding protein abundance. The enzyme expression displayed mainly a constant profile, whereas the resulting glycan pattern changed over time. It is concluded that the enzymatic activity is influenced by the changing environmental conditions present in the fed-batch processes leading to the observed time-dependent variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Bertrand
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Vogg
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Villiger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Stettler
- Merck, Biotech Process Sciences, Corsier-sur -Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck, Biotech Process Sciences, Corsier-sur -Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Soos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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205
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Wang Q, Chung CY, Chough S, Betenbaugh MJ. Antibody glycoengineering strategies in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1378-1393. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sandra Chough
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Michael J. Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
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206
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Ambrogelly A, Gozo S, Katiyar A, Dellatore S, Kune Y, Bhat R, Sun J, Li N, Wang D, Nowak C, Neill A, Ponniah G, King C, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Analytical comparability study of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. MAbs 2018; 10:513-538. [PMID: 29513619 PMCID: PMC5973765 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1438797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Process changes are inevitable in the life cycle of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Products made using pre- and post-change processes are required to be comparable as demonstrated by comparability studies to qualify for continuous development and commercial supply. Establishment of comparability is a systematic process of gathering and evaluating data based on scientific understanding and clinical experience of the relationship between product quality attributes and their impact on safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the current understanding of various modifications of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. It further outlines the critical steps in designing and executing successful comparability studies to support process changes at different stages of a product's lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ambrogelly
- Biologics Analytical Operations, Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development, Gilead Sciences, Ocean Ranch Blvd, Oceanside, CA
| | - Stephen Gozo
- Analytical Research & Development-Biologics, Celgene Corporation, Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ
| | - Amit Katiyar
- Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington Rocky Road, Pennington, NJ
| | - Shara Dellatore
- Biologics & Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Yune Kune
- Fortress Biologicals, Sawyer Road, Suite, Waltham, MA
| | - Ram Bhat
- Millennium Research laboratories, New Boston Street, Woburn, MA
| | - Joanne Sun
- Product Development, Innovent Biologics, Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Analytical Department, BioAnalytix, Inc., Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christine Nowak
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alyssa Neill
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Cory King
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Bruce Mason
- Pre-formulation, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alain Beck
- Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, St Julien-en-Genevois Cedex, France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
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207
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Boyd D, Ebrahimi A, Ronan S, Mickus B, Schenauer M, Wang J, Brown D, Ambrogelly A. Isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody containing an extra heavy-light chain Fab arm. MAbs 2018. [PMID: 29537936 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1438795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibody (mAb) variants to understand the impact of their structure on function is a typical activity during early-stage candidate selection that contributes to derisking clinical development. In particular, efforts are devoted to characterizing oligomeric variants, owing to their potential immunogenic nature. We report here a mAb variant consisting of a canonical mAb monomer associated in a non-covalent fashion with an antigen-binding fragment (Fab) arm amputated from its Fc domain. The truncated heavy chain is encoded in the cell line genome and is the likely product of a genomic recombination during cell line generation. The addition of the Fab arm results in severe loss of potency, indicating its interaction with the Fab domain of the monomer. The presence of such a variant can easily be mitigated by an adequate purification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Boyd
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
| | - Arpa Ebrahimi
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
| | - Sarah Ronan
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
| | - Brian Mickus
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
| | - Matthew Schenauer
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
| | - Jenny Wang
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
| | - Darren Brown
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
| | - Alexandre Ambrogelly
- a Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , California , United States
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208
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Assessing the Heterogeneity of the Fc-Glycan of a Therapeutic Antibody Using an engineered FcγReceptor IIIa-Immobilized Column. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3955. [PMID: 29500371 PMCID: PMC5834517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycan moiety of IgG-Fc has a significant impact on multifaceted properties of antibodies such as in their effector function, structure, and stability. Numerous studies have been devoted to understanding its biological effect since the exact composition of the Fc N-glycan modulates the magnitude of effector functions such as the antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). To date, systematic analyses of the properties and influence of glycan variants have been of great interest. Understanding the principles on how N-glycosylation modulates those properties is important for the molecular design, manufacturing, process optimization, and quality control of therapeutic antibodies. In this study, we have separated a model therapeutic antibody into three fractions according to the composition of the N-glycan by using a novel FcγRIIIa chromatography column. Notably, Fc galactosylation was a major factor influencing the affinity of IgG-Fc to the FcγRIIIa immobilized on the column. Each antibody fraction was employed for structural, biological, and physicochemical analysis, illustrating the mechanism by which galactose modulates the affinity to FcγRIIIa. In addition, we discuss the benefits of the FcγRIIIa chromatography column to assess the heterogeneity of the N-glycan.
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209
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Pawlowski JW, Bajardi-Taccioli A, Houde D, Feschenko M, Carlage T, Kaltashov IA. Influence of glycan modification on IgG1 biochemical and biophysical properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:133-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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210
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Sheng L, He Z, Liu Y, Ma M, Cai Z. Mass spectrometry characterization for N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin Y from hen egg yolk. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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211
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Cymer F, Beck H, Rohde A, Reusch D. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation – Structure, function and therapeutic potential. Biologicals 2018; 52:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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212
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Tang F, Yang Y, Tang Y, Tang S, Yang L, Sun B, Jiang B, Dong J, Liu H, Huang M, Geng MY, Huang W. One-pot N-glycosylation remodeling of IgG with non-natural sialylglycopeptides enables glycosite-specific and dual-payload antibody-drug conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9501-9518. [PMID: 27714198 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01751g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic transglycosylation catalyzed by endo-S mutants is a powerful tool for in vitro glycoengineering of therapeutic antibodies. In this paper, we report a one-pot chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycoengineered Herceptin using an egg-yolk sialylglycopeptide (SGP) substrate. Combining this one-pot strategy with novel non-natural SGP derivatives carrying azido or alkyne tags, glycosite-specific conjugation was enabled for the development of new antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The site-specific ADCs and semi-site-specific dual-drug ADCs were successfully achieved and characterized with SDS-PAGE, intact antibody or ADC mass spectrometry analysis, and PNGase-F digestion analysis. Cancer cell cytotoxicity assay revealed that small-molecule drug release of these ADCs relied on the cleavable Val-Cit linker fragment embedded in the structure. These results represent a new approach for glycosite-specific and dual-drug ADC design and rapid synthesis, and also provide the structural requirement for their biologic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203. and iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yubo Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203. and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203.
| | - Liyun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingyang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203. and iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Bofeng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203. and iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203.
| | - Min Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203.
| | - Mei-Yu Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203.
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China 201203. and iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210 China
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213
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Biosimilars: Concepts and controversies. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:251-264. [PMID: 29428205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosimilars are copies of reference biological drugs, developed as the patents for original biologicals expire. They are thus developed to replicate an original biological medicine just a generics are intended to replicate a chemically-synthesized medicine; however, there are important technical and regulatory differences between the two. Unlike chemical drugs, molecular identity cannot generally be established for any two biological drugs. Accordingly, their pharmacological properties cannot be assumed to be the same. This is due to the complexity of the production of biologicals and to the presence of minor natural variations in the molecular structure (collectively known as microheterogeneity). Further, biological production yields slightly different versions of the drug over time, particularly when changes are introduced in the production process. In this case the prechange and postchange versions of the biological are analyzed in what is called a comparability exercise. The comparable versions thus validated are considered not to have any significant differences at the clinical level. Likewise, biosimilars are not identical copies but comparable versions of the original biological drug, also validated through a comparability exercise, although of a much broader scope. Although current knowledge about biosimilars has increased significantly, they still arise a number of controversies and misconceptions, particularly regarding issues like extrapolation of indications, immunogenicity and substitution. This review deals with concepts and controversies in the biosimilar field.
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214
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Fleischmann R. Editorial: The American College of Rheumatology White Paper on Biosimilars: It Isn't All White-There Is Some Gray and Black. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:323-325. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Fleischmann
- Metroplex Clinical Research Center; Dallas
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas
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215
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Bridges SL, White DW, Worthing AB, Gravallese EM, O'Dell JR, Nola K, Kay J, Cohen SB. The Science Behind Biosimilars: Entering a New Era of Biologic Therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:334-344. [PMID: 29411547 DOI: 10.1002/art.40388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angus B Worthing
- Georgetown University Medical Center and Arthritis & Rheumatism Associates, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Kamala Nola
- Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Kay
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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216
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Wang SB, Lee-Goldman A, Ravikrishnan J, Zheng L, Lin H. Manipulation of the sodium-potassium ratio as a lever for controlling cell growth and improving cell specific productivity in perfusion CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:921-931. [PMID: 29278412 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion processes typically require removal of a continuous or semi-continuous volume of cell culture in order to maintain a desired target cell density. For fast growing cell lines, the product loss from this stream can be upwards of 35%, significantly reducing the overall process yield. As volume removed is directly proportional to cell growth, the ability to modulate growth during perfusion cell culture production thus becomes crucial. Leveraging existing media components to achieve such control without introducing additional supplements is most desirable because it decreases process complexity and eliminates safety and clearance concerns. Here, the impact of extracellular concentrations of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) on cell growth and productivity is explored. High throughput small-scale models of perfusion revealed Na:K ratios below 1 can significantly suppress cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/1 phase. A concomitant increase in cell specific productivity was also observed, reaching as high as 115 pg/cell/day for one cell line studied. Multiple recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines demonstrated similar responses to lower Na:K media, indicating the universal applicability of such an approach. Product quality attributes were also assessed and revealed that effects were cell line specific, and can be acceptable or manageable depending on the phase of the drug development. Drastically altering Na and K levels in perfusion media as a lever to impact cell growth and productivity is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lili Zheng
- Process Science, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fremont, California
| | - Henry Lin
- Process Science, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fremont, California
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217
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Yang C, Gao X, Gong R. Engineering of Fc Fragments with Optimized Physicochemical Properties Implying Improvement of Clinical Potentials for Fc-Based Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1860. [PMID: 29375551 PMCID: PMC5766897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins are successfully used in treatment of various diseases mainly including cancer, immune disease, and viral infection, which belong to the Fc-based therapeutics. In recent years, engineered Fc-derived antibody domains have also shown potential for Fc-based therapeutics. To increase the druggability of Fc-based therapeutic candidates, many efforts have been made in optimizing physicochemical properties and functions mediated by Fc fragment. The desired result is that we can simultaneously obtain Fc variants with increased physicochemical properties in vitro and capacity of mediating appropriate functions in vivo. However, changes of physicochemical properties of Fc may result in alternation of Fc-mediated functions and vice versa, which leads to undesired outcomes for further development of Fc-based therapeutics. Therefore, whether modified Fc fragments are suitable for achievement of expected clinical results or not needs to be seriously considered. Now, this question comes to be noticed and should be figured out to make better translation from the results of laboratory into clinical applications. In this review, we summarize different strategies on engineering physicochemical properties of Fc, and preliminarily elucidate the relationships between modified Fc in vitro and the subsequent therapeutic influence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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218
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Liu L. Pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Protein Cell 2018; 9:15-32. [PMID: 28421387 PMCID: PMC5777971 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many factors that can influence the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a mAb or Fc-fusion molecule with the primary determinant being FcRn-mediated recycling. Through Fab or Fc engineering, IgG-FcRn interaction can be used to generate a variety of therapeutic antibodies with significantly enhanced half-life or ability to remove unwanted antigen from circulation. Glycosylation of a mAb or Fc-fusion protein can have a significant impact on the PK of these molecules. mAb charge can be important and variants with pI values of 1-2 unit difference are likely to impact PK with lower pI values being favorable for a longer half-life. Most mAbs display target mediated drug disposition (TMDD), which can have significant consequences on the study designs of preclinical and clinical studies. The PK of mAb can also be influenced by anti-drug antibody (ADA) response and off-target binding, which require careful consideration during the discovery stage. mAbs are primarily absorbed through the lymphatics via convection and can be conveniently administered by the subcutaneous (sc) route in large doses/volumes with co-formulation of hyaluronidase. The human PK of a mAb can be reasonably estimated using cynomolgus monkey data and allometric scaling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, MRL, West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
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219
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Mimura Y, Katoh T, Saldova R, O'Flaherty R, Izumi T, Mimura-Kimura Y, Utsunomiya T, Mizukami Y, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto T, Rudd PM. Glycosylation engineering of therapeutic IgG antibodies: challenges for the safety, functionality and efficacy. Protein Cell 2018; 9:47-62. [PMID: 28597152 PMCID: PMC5777974 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of the Fc region of IgG has a profound impact on the safety and clinical efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. While the biantennary complex-type oligosaccharide attached to Asn297 of the Fc is essential for antibody effector functions, fucose and outer-arm sugars attached to the core heptasaccharide that generate structural heterogeneity (glycoforms) exhibit unique biological activities. Hence, efficient and quantitative glycan analysis techniques have been increasingly important for the development and quality control of therapeutic antibodies, and glycan profiles of the Fc are recognized as critical quality attributes. In the past decade our understanding of the influence of glycosylation on the structure/function of IgG-Fc has grown rapidly through X-ray crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance studies, which provides possibilities for the design of novel antibody therapeutics. Furthermore, the chemoenzymatic glycoengineering approach using endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases may facilitate the development of homogeneous IgG glycoforms with desirable functionality as next-generation therapeutic antibodies. Thus, the Fc glycans are fertile ground for the improvement of the safety, functionality, and efficacy of therapeutic IgG antibodies in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mimura
- Department of Clinical Research, NHO Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, 685 Higashi-Kiwa, Ube, 755-0241, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioresponse, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Flaherty
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tomonori Izumi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, NHO Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, 685 Higashi-Kiwa, Ube, 755-0241, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Utsunomiya
- Department of Clinical Research, NHO Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, 685 Higashi-Kiwa, Ube, 755-0241, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Center for Gene Research, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Research, NHO Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, 685 Higashi-Kiwa, Ube, 755-0241, Japan
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
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220
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Hassett B, Scheinberg M, Castañeda-Hernández G, Li M, Rao URK, Singh E, Mahgoub E, Coindreau J, O'Brien J, Vicik SM, Fitzpatrick B. Variability of intended copies for etanercept (Enbrel®): Data on multiple batches of seven products. MAbs 2018; 10:166-176. [PMID: 29020508 PMCID: PMC5800383 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1387346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion protein and monoclonal antibody-based tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors represent established treatment options for a range of inflammatory diseases. Regulatory authorities have outlined the structural characterization and clinical assessments necessary to establish biosimilarity of a new biotherapeutic product with the innovator biologic drug. Biologic products that would not meet the minimum World Health Organization's standard for evaluation of similar biotherapeutic products are available in some countries; in some cases relevant data to assess biosimilarity and appropriate regulatory approval pathways are lacking. Batches of seven intended copy (IC) products for etanercept (Enbrel®) were subjected to a subset of test methods used in the routine release and heightened characterization of Enbrel®, to determine key attributes of identity, quality, purity, strength, and activity. While a number of quality attributes of the IC lots tested met the release specifications for Enbrel®, none fell within these limits across all methods performed, and there were no IC lots that satisfied the criteria typically applied by the innovator to support comparability with Enbrel®. Although the consequences of these differences are largely unknown, the potential for unanticipated clinical outcomes should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hassett
- Pfizer, Biotechnology & Aseptic Sciences Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Morton Scheinberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Albert Einstein and Hospital AACD, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Castañeda-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Uppuluri R K Rao
- Department of Rheumatology, Sri Deepti Rheumatology Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ena Singh
- Pfizer, Inflammation & Immunology Global Medical Affairs, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ehab Mahgoub
- Pfizer, Inflammation & Immunology Regional Medical Affairs, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Julie O'Brien
- Pfizer, Europe & International Regulatory Policy, Dublin, Ireland
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221
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Tayi VS, Butler M. Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling Produces High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700381. [PMID: 29247593 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are synthesized in mammalian cell culture as heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. Production of single glycoforms remains a challenge despite their value as therapeutics. The authors report a method of sequential enzymatic-based changes to antibodies while immobilized on an affinity column. Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. Such high levels of sialylation are very difficult to obtain by typical cell culture methods. This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. With further optimization the method can be used to modify antibodies in large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Tayi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.,National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training (NIBRT), Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, A94 X099, Co. Dublin, Ireland
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222
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Radhakrishnan D, Robinson AS, Ogunnaike BA. Controlling the Glycosylation Profile in mAbs Using Time-Dependent Media Supplementation. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 7:E1. [PMID: 31544854 PMCID: PMC6698858 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to meet desired drug product quality targets, the glycosylation profile of biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) must be maintained consistently during manufacturing. Achieving consistent glycan distribution profiles requires identifying factors that influence glycosylation, and manipulating them appropriately via well-designed control strategies. Now, the cell culture media supplement, MnCl2, is known to alter the glycosylation profile in mAbs generally, but its effect, particularly when introduced at different stages during cell growth, has yet to be investigated and quantified. In this study, we evaluate the effect of time-dependent addition of MnCl2 on the glycan profile quantitatively, using factorial design experiments. Our results show that MnCl2 addition during the lag and exponential phases affects the glycan profile significantly more than stationary phase supplementation does. Also, using a novel computational technique, we identify various combinations of glycan species that are affected by this dynamic media supplementation scheme, and quantify the effects mathematically. Our experiments demonstrate the importance of taking into consideration the time of addition of these trace supplements, not just their concentrations, and our computational analysis provides insight into what supplements to add, when, and how much, in order to induce desired changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Anne S Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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223
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Injampa S, Muenngern N, Pipattanaboon C, Benjathummarak S, Boonha K, Hananantachai H, Wongwit W, Ramasoota P, Pitaksajjakul P. Generation and characterization of cross neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against 4 serotypes of dengue virus without enhancing activity. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4021. [PMID: 29152418 PMCID: PMC5689018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue disease is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics. Most severe cases occur among patients secondarily infected with a different dengue virus (DENV) serotype compared with that from the first infection, resulting in antibody-dependent enhancement activity (ADE). Our previous study generated the neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, D23-1B3B9 (B3B9), targeting the first domain II of E protein, which showed strong neutralizing activity (NT) against all four DENV serotypes. However, at sub-neutralizing concentrations, it showed ADE activity in vitro. Methods In this study, we constructed a new expression plasmid using the existing IgG heavy chain plasmid as a template for Fc modification at position N297Q by site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting plasmid was then co-transfected with a light chain plasmid to produce full recombinant IgG (rIgG) in mammalian cells (N297Q-B3B9). This rIgG was characterized for neutralizing and enhancing activity by using different FcγR bearing cells. To produce sufficient quantities of B3B9 rIgG for further characterization, CHO-K1 cells stably secreting N297Q-B3B9 rIgG were then established. Results The generated N297Q-B3B9 rIgG which targets the conserved N-terminal fusion loop of DENV envelope protein showed the same cross-neutralizing activity to all four DENV serotypes as those of wild type rIgG. In both FcγRI- and RII-bearing THP-1 cells and FcγRII-bearing K562 cells, N297Q-B3B9 rIgG lacked ADE activity against all DENV serotypes at sub-neutralizing concentrations. Fortunately, the N297Q-B3B9 rIgG secreted from stable cells showed the same patterns of NT and ADE activities as those of the N297Q-B3B9 rIgG obtained from transient expression against DENV2. Thus, the CHO-K1 stably expressing N297Q-B3B9 HuMAb can be developed as high producer stable cells and used to produce sufficient amounts of antibody for further characterization as a promising dengue therapeutic candidate. Discussion Human monoclonal antibody, targeted to fusion loop of envelope domainII (EDII), was generated and showed cross-neutralizing activity to 4 serotypes of DENV, but did not cause any viral enhancement activity in vitro. This HuMAb could be further developed as therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subenya Injampa
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nataya Muenngern
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlatip Pipattanaboon
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khwanchit Boonha
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hathairad Hananantachai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranya Wongwit
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pannamthip Pitaksajjakul
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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224
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Li W, Zhu Z, Chen W, Feng Y, Dimitrov DS. Crystallizable Fragment Glycoengineering for Therapeutic Antibodies Development. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1554. [PMID: 29181010 PMCID: PMC5693878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics are the fastest growing class of human pharmaceuticals. They are typically IgG1 molecules with N-glycans attached to the N297 residue on crystallizable fragment (Fc). Different Fc glycoforms impact their effector function, pharmacokinetics, stability, aggregation, safety, and immunogenicity. Fc glycoforms affect mAbs effector functions including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) by modulating the Fc-FcγRs and Fc-C1q interactions. While the terminal galactose enhances CDC activity, the fucose significantly decreases ADCC. Defucosylated immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) are thus highly pursued as next-generation therapeutic mAbs with potent ADCC at reduced doses. A plethora of cell glycoengineering and chemoenzymatic glycoengineering strategies is emerging to produce IgGs with homogenous glycoforms especially without core fucose. The chemoenzymatic glycosylation remodeling also offers useful avenues for site-specific conjugations of small molecule drugs onto mAbs. Herein, we review the current progress of IgG-Fc glycoengineering. We begin with the discussion of the structures of IgG N-glycans and biosynthesis followed by reviewing the impact of IgG glycoforms on antibody effector functions and the current Fc glycoengineering strategies with emphasis on Fc defucosylation. Furthermore, we briefly discuss two novel therapeutic mAbs formats: aglycosylated mAbs and Fc glycan specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The advances in the understanding of Fc glycobiology and development of novel glycoengineering technologies have facilitated the generation of therapeutic mAbs with homogenous glycoforms and improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Weizao Chen
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Yang Feng
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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225
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Zhu X, Yang J, Gao Y, Wu C, Yi L, Li G, Qi Y. The dual effects of a novel peptibody on angiogenesis inhibition and M2 macrophage polarization on sarcoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 416:1-10. [PMID: 29104145 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the VEGF/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)/TEK receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) pathway is a potential target for tumor angiogenesis. We previously showed that a peptide AS16 which dually inhibits VEGFR/Ang-2 could reduce the tumor growth and decrease the number of microvessels in tumor. However, its short circulating half-life in the serum limits its clinical applications. In this study, as an effort to prolong the short in vivo half-life of AS16, we designed a fusion protein containing peptide AS16 and an IgG Fc fragment. Pharmacokinetic study also revealed that AS16-Fc has a prolonged circulating half-life of about 231 min in rats. We examined the effects of treatment on the tumor vasculature and immune cell populations, tumor growth, in both the MCA-205 and S180 tumor models. We found that AS16-Fc dramatically reduced tumor volume, vascular density and tumor-associated macrophages. Macrophages were identified as potential novel targets following anti-angiogenic therapy, our findings imply a novel role for anti-angiogenic peptide AS16-Fc. These findings indicate that AS16-Fc could be more effective on inhibiting tumor growth angiogenesis and tumor immune microenvironment than that of peptide AS16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunjing Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lili Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guodong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
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226
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Tian X, Wei F, Wang L, Yu W, Zhang N, Zhang X, Han Y, Yu J, Ren X. Herceptin Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Natural Killer Cells on Breast Cancer Cells Expressing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1426. [PMID: 29163501 PMCID: PMC5670328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal adoptive cell therapy (ACT) should contribute to effective cancer treatment. The unique ability of natural killer (NK) cells to kill cancer cells independent of major histocompatibility requirement makes them suitable as ACT tools. Herceptin, an antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (anti-HER2) monoclonal antibody, is used to treat HER2+ breast cancer. However, it has limited effectiveness and possible severe cardiotoxicity. Given that Herceptin may increase the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes, we explored the possible augmentation of NK cell cytotoxicity against HER2+ breast cancer cells by Herceptin. We demonstrated that Herceptin could interact with CD16 on NK cells to expand the cytotoxic NK (specifically, CD56dim) cell population. Additionally, Herceptin increased NK cell migration and cytotoxicity against HER2+ breast cancer cells. In a pilot study, Herceptin-treated NK cells shrunk lung nodular metastasis in a woman with HER2+ breast cancer who could not tolerate the cardiotoxic side effects of Herceptin. Our findings support the therapeutic potential of Herceptin-treated NK cells in patients with HER2+ and Herceptin-intolerant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tian
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Naining Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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227
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Systemic effects in naïve mice injected with immunomodulatory lectin ArtinM. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187151. [PMID: 29084277 PMCID: PMC5662225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) contain N-glycans, which are important glycotargets for plant lectins, to induce immunomodulation. The lectin ArtinM obtained from Artocarpus heterophyllus interacts with TLR2 N-glycans to stimulate IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells and to drive the immune response toward the Th1 axis, conferring resistance against intracellular pathogens. This immunomodulatory effect was demonstrated by subcutaneously injecting (s.c.) ArtinM (0.5 μg) in infected mice. In this study, we evaluated the systemic implications of ArtinM administration in naïve BALB/c mice. The mice were s.c. injected twice (7 days interval) with ArtinM (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 μg), LPS (positive control), or PBS (negative control) and euthanized after three days. None of the ArtinM-injected mice exhibited change in body weight, whereas the relative mass of the heart and lungs diminished in mice injected with the highest ArtinM dose (5.0 μg). Few and discrete inflammatory foci were detected in the heart, lung, and liver of mice receiving ArtinM at doses ≥2.5 μg. Moreover, the highest dose of ArtinM was associated with increased serum levels of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and globulins as well as an augmented presence of neutrophils in the heart and lung. IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 measurements in the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lung homogenates revealed decreased IL-10 level in the heart and lung of mice injected with 5.0 μg ArtinM. We also found an augmented frequency of T helper and B cells in the spleen of all ArtinM-injected naïve mice, whereas the relative expressions of T-bet, GATA-3, and ROR-γt were similar to those in PBS-injected animals. Our study demonstrates that s.c. injection of high doses of ArtinM in naïve mice promotes mild inflammatory lesions and that a low immunomodulatory dose is innocuous to naïve mice.
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228
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Wright C, Alves C, Kshirsagar R, Pieracci J, Estes S. Leveraging a CHO cell line toolkit to accelerate biotherapeutics into the clinic. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1468-1475. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Scott Estes
- Codiak Biosciences, Upstream Process Development; Cambridge MA
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229
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Liew PX, Kim JH, Lee WY, Kubes P. Antibody-dependent fragmentation is a newly identified mechanism of cell killing in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10515. [PMID: 28874772 PMCID: PMC5585239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing view is that therapeutic antibodies deplete cells through opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis, complement-dependent lysis or antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity. We used high resolution in vivo imaging to identify a new antibody-dependent cell death pathway where Kupffer cells ripped large fragments off crawling antibody-coated iNKT cells. This antibody-dependent fragmentation process resulted in lethality and depletion of crawling iNKT cells in the liver sinusoids and lung capillaries. iNKT cell depletion was Fcy-receptor dependent and required iNKT cell crawling. Blood, spleen or joint iNKT cells that did not crawl were not depleted. The antibody required high glycosylation for sufficiently strong binding of the iNKT cells to the Fc Receptors on Kupffer cells. Using an acetaminophen overdose model, this approach functionally depleted hepatic iNKT cells and affected the severity of liver injury. This study reveals a new mechanism of antibody-dependent killing in vivo and raises implications for the design of new antibodies for cancer and auto-reactive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiong Liew
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Woo-Yong Lee
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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230
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Cai D, Xun C, Tang F, Tian X, Yang L, Ding K, Li W, Le Z, Huang W. Glycoconjugate probes containing a core-fucosylated N-glycan trisaccharide for fucose lectin identification and purification. Carbohydr Res 2017; 449:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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231
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Ohta Y, Kameda K, Matsumoto M, Kawasaki N. Rapid Glycopeptide Enrichment Using Cellulose Hydrophilic Interaction/Reversed-Phase StageTips. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:A0061. [PMID: 28852604 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Because the ionization efficiency for glycopeptides is lower than that of peptides in electrospray ionization, it is frequently necessary to enrich them prior to their analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Although some methods for selectively enriching glycopeptides (e.g., lectin, agarose, and cellulose methods) have been reported, they are time-consuming (procedures that require several hours) and may not be applicable to submicrogram-sized samples. Here, we report on a rapid, simple method for enriching glycopeptides in small sample amounts using cellulose hydrophilic interaction (cellulose HILIC)/reversed-phase (RP) stop-and-go extraction tips (StageTips). Using the cellulose HILIC/RP StageTips, glycopeptide-selective enrichment can be achieved at the nanogram level within a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohta
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Kotaro Kameda
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Medical Life Science, Division of Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University
| | - Mei Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Nana Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Medical Life Science, Division of Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University
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232
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Yang D, Kroe-Barrett R, Singh S, Roberts CJ, Laue TM. IgG cooperativity - Is there allostery? Implications for antibody functions and therapeutic antibody development. MAbs 2017; 9:1231-1252. [PMID: 28812955 PMCID: PMC5680800 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1367074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A central dogma in immunology is that an antibody's in vivo functionality is mediated by 2 independent events: antigen binding by the variable (V) region, followed by effector activation by the constant (C) region. However, this view has recently been challenged by reports suggesting allostery exists between the 2 regions, triggered by conformational changes or configurational differences. The possibility of allosteric signals propagating through the IgG domains complicates our understanding of the antibody structure-function relationship, and challenges the current subclass selection process in therapeutic antibody design. Here we review the types of cooperativity in IgG molecules by examining evidence for and against allosteric cooperativity in both Fab and Fc domains and the characteristics of associative cooperativity in effector system activation. We investigate the origin and the mechanism of allostery with an emphasis on the C-region-mediated effects on both V and C region interactions, and discuss its implications in biological functions. While available research does not support the existence of antigen-induced conformational allosteric cooperativity in IgGs, there is substantial evidence for configurational allostery due to glycosylation and sequence variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlin Yang
- a Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
| | - Rachel Kroe-Barrett
- a Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- b Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware , USA
| | - Thomas M Laue
- d Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
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233
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Brown AJ, Kalsi D, Fernandez-Martell A, Cartwright J, Barber NOW, Patel YD, Turner R, Bryant CL, Johari YB, James DC. Expression Systems for Recombinant Biopharmaceutical Production by Mammalian Cells in Culture. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527699124.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Brown
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Devika Kalsi
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | | | - Joe Cartwright
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Nicholas O. W. Barber
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Yash D. Patel
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | | | - Claire L. Bryant
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Yusuf B. Johari
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - David C. James
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
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234
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Gupta SK, Srivastava SK, Sharma A, Nalage VHH, Salvi D, Kushwaha H, Chitnis NB, Shukla P. Metabolic engineering of CHO cells for the development of a robust protein production platform. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181455. [PMID: 28763459 PMCID: PMC5538670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most preferred mammalian host used for the bio-pharmaceutical production. A major challenge in metabolic engineering is to balance the flux of the tuned heterogonous metabolic pathway and achieve efficient metabolic response in a mammalian cellular system. Pyruvate carboxylase is an important network element for the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolic pathway and efficiently contributes in enhancing the energy metabolism. The lactate accumulation in cell culture can be reduced by re-wiring of the pyruvate flux in engineered cells. In the present work, we over-expressed the yeast cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase (PYC2) enzyme in CHO cells to augment pyruvate flux towards the TCA cycle. The dual selection strategy is adopted for the screening and isolation of CHO clones containing varying number of PYC2 gene load and studied their cellular kinetics. The enhanced PYC2 expression has led to enhanced pyruvate flux which, thus, allowed reduced lactate accumulation up to 4 folds and significant increase in the cell density and culture longevity. With this result, engineered cells have shown a significant enhanced antibody expression up to 70% with improved product quality (~3 fold) as compared to the parental cells. The PYC2 engineering allowed overall improved cell performance with various advantages over parent cells in terms of pyruvate, glucose, lactate and cellular energy metabolism. This study provides a potential expression platform for a bio-therapeutic protein production in a controlled culture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Plot#125, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-India
| | - Santosh K. Srivastava
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Plot#125, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Plot#125, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaibhav H. H. Nalage
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Plot#125, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Darshita Salvi
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Plot#125, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hiralal Kushwaha
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Plot#125, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil B. Chitnis
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Plot#125, Kandivli Industrial Estate, Kandivli (west), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-India
- * E-mail:
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235
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycoengineered IgG antibodies and glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1702-1721. [PMID: 28749929 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycoengineered therapeutic antibodies and glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugates (gsADCs) have generated great interest among researchers because of their therapeutic potential. Endoglycosidase-catalyzed in vitro glycoengineering technology is a powerful tool for IgG Fc (fragment cystallizable) N-glycosylation remodeling. In this protocol, native heterogeneously glycosylated IgG N-glycans are first deglycosylated with a wild-type endoglycosidase. Next, a homogeneous N-glycan substrate, presynthesized as described here, is attached to the remaining N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) of IgG, using a mutant endoglycosidase (also called endoglycosynthase) that lacks hydrolytic activity but possesses transglycosylation activity for glycoengineering. Compared with in vivo glycoengineering technologies and the glycosyltransferase-enabled in vitro engineering method, the current approach is robust and features quantitative yield, homogeneous glycoforms of produced antibodies and ADCs, compatibility with diverse natural and non-natural glycan structures, convenient exploitation of native IgG as the starting material, and a well-defined conjugation site for antibody modifications. Potential applications of this method cover a broad scope of antibody-related research, including the development of novel glycoengineered therapeutic antibodies with enhanced efficacy, site-specific antibody-drug conjugation, and site-specific modification of antibodies for fluorescent labeling, PEGylation, protein cross-linking, immunoliposome formation, and so on, without loss of antigen-binding affinity. It takes 5-8 d to prepare the natural or modified N-glycan substrates, 3-4 d to engineer the IgG N-glycosylation, and 2-5 d to synthesize the small-molecule toxins and prepare the gsADCs.
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236
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Pegg CL, Cooper LT, Zhao J, Gerometta M, Smith FM, Yeh M, Bartlett PF, Gorman JJ, Boyd AW. Glycoengineering of EphA4 Fc leads to a unique, long-acting and broad spectrum, Eph receptor therapeutic antagonist. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6519. [PMID: 28747680 PMCID: PMC5529513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors have emerged as targets for therapy in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease, however, particularly in non-neoplastic diseases, redundancy of function limits the effectiveness of targeting individual Eph proteins. We have shown previously that a soluble fusion protein, where the EphA4 ectodomain was fused to IgG Fc (EphA4 Fc), was an effective therapy in acute injuries and demonstrated that EphA4 Fc was a broad spectrum Eph/ephrin antagonist. However, a very short in vivo half-life effectively limited its therapeutic development. We report a unique glycoengineering approach to enhance the half-life of EphA4 Fc. Progressive deletion of three demonstrated N-linked sites in EphA4 progressively increased in vivo half-life such that the triple mutant protein showed dramatically improved pharmacokinetic characteristics. Importantly, protein stability, affinity for ephrin ligands and antagonism of cell expressed EphA4 was fully preserved, enabling it to be developed as a broad spectrum Eph/ephrin antagonist for use in both acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Pegg
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Leanne T Cooper
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Gerometta
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Fiona M Smith
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Michael Yeh
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew W Boyd
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4006, Australia
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237
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Lakbub JC, Su X, Zhu Z, Patabandige MW, Hua D, Go EP, Desaire H. Two New Tools for Glycopeptide Analysis Researchers: A Glycopeptide Decoy Generator and a Large Data Set of Assigned CID Spectra of Glycopeptides. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3002-3008. [PMID: 28691494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The glycopeptide analysis field is tightly constrained by a lack of effective tools that translate mass spectrometry data into meaningful chemical information, and perhaps the most challenging aspect of building effective glycopeptide analysis software is designing an accurate scoring algorithm for MS/MS data. We provide the glycoproteomics community with two tools to address this challenge. The first tool, a curated set of 100 expert-assigned CID spectra of glycopeptides, contains a diverse set of spectra from a variety of glycan types; the second tool, Glycopeptide Decoy Generator, is a new software application that generates glycopeptide decoys de novo. We developed these tools so that emerging methods of assigning glycopeptides' CID spectra could be rigorously tested. Software developers or those interested in developing skills in expert (manual) analysis can use these tools to facilitate their work. We demonstrate the tools' utility in assessing the quality of one particular glycopeptide software package, GlycoPep Grader, which assigns glycopeptides to CID spectra. We first acquired the set of 100 expert assigned CID spectra; then, we used the Decoy Generator (described herein) to generate 20 decoys per target glycopeptide. The assigned spectra and decoys were used to test the accuracy of GlycoPep Grader's scoring algorithm; new strengths and weaknesses were identified in the algorithm using this approach. Both newly developed tools are freely available. The software can be downloaded at http://glycopro.chem.ku.edu/GPJ.jar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude C Lakbub
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Zhikai Zhu
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Milani W Patabandige
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - David Hua
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Eden P Go
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Heather Desaire
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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238
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Bensch F, Lamberts LE, Smeenk MM, Jorritsma-Smit A, Lub-de Hooge MN, Terwisscha van Scheltinga AGT, de Jong JR, Gietema JA, Schröder CP, Thomas M, Jacob W, Abiraj K, Adessi C, Meneses-Lorente G, James I, Weisser M, Brouwers AH, de Vries EGE. 89Zr-Lumretuzumab PET Imaging before and during HER3 Antibody Lumretuzumab Treatment in Patients with Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6128-6137. [PMID: 28733442 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated biodistribution and tumor targeting of 89Zr-lumretuzumab before and during treatment with lumretuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3)-targeting monoclonal antibody.Experimental Design: Twenty patients with histologically confirmed HER3-expressing tumors received 89Zr-lumretuzumab and underwent positron emission tomography (PET). In part A, 89Zr-lumretuzumab was given with additional, escalating doses of unlabeled lumretuzumab, and scans were performed 2, 4, and 7 days after injection to determine optimal imaging conditions. In part B, patients were scanned following tracer injection before (baseline) and after a pharmacodynamic (PD)-active lumretuzumab dose for saturation analysis. HER3 expression was determined immunohistochemically in skin biopsies. Tracer uptake was calculated as standardized uptake value (SUV).Results: Optimal PET conditions were found to be 4 and 7 days after administration of 89Zr-lumretuzumab with 100-mg unlabeled lumretuzumab. At baseline using 100-mg unlabeled lumretuzumab, the tumor SUVmax was 3.4 (±1.9) at 4 days after injection. SUVmean values for normal blood, liver, lung, and brain tissues were 4.9, 6.4, 0.9 and 0.2, respectively. Saturation analysis (n = 7) showed that 4 days after lumretuzumab administration, tumor uptake decreased by 11.9% (±8.2), 10.0% (±16.5), and 24.6% (±20.9) at PD-active doses of 400, 800, and 1,600 mg, respectively, when compared with baseline. Membranous HER3 was completely downregulated in paired skin biopsies already at and above 400-mg lumretuzumab.Conclusions: PET imaging showed biodistribution and tumor-specific 89Zr-lumretuzumab uptake. Although, PD-active lumretuzumab doses decreased 89Zr-lumretuzumab uptake, there was no clear evidence of tumor saturation by PET imaging as the tumor SUV did not plateau with increasing doses. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6128-37. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Bensch
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laetitia E Lamberts
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël M Smeenk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annelies Jorritsma-Smit
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan R de Jong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien P Schröder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlene Thomas
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jacob
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Keelara Abiraj
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Adessi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ian James
- A4P Consulting Ltd, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Weisser
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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239
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Blundell PA, Le NPL, Allen J, Watanabe Y, Pleass RJ. Engineering the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of human IgG1 multimers and monomers to fine-tune interactions with sialic acid-dependent receptors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12994-13007. [PMID: 28620050 PMCID: PMC5546038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.795047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimeric fragment crystallizable (Fc) regions and Fc-fusion proteins are actively being explored as biomimetic replacements for IVIG therapy, which is deployed to manage many diseases and conditions but is expensive and not always efficient. The Fc region of human IgG1 (IgG1-Fc) can be engineered into multimeric structures (hexa-Fcs) that bind their cognate receptors with high avidity. The critical influence of the unique N-linked glycan attached at Asn-297 on the structure and function of IgG1-Fc is well documented; however, whether the N-linked glycan has a similarly critical role in multimeric, avidly binding Fcs, is unknown. Hexa-Fc contains two N-linked sites at Asn-77 (equivalent to Asn-297 in the Fc of IgG1) and Asn-236 (equivalent to Asn-563 in the tail piece of IgM). We report here that glycosylation at Asn-297 is critical for interactions with Fc receptors and complement and that glycosylation at Asn-563 is essential for controlling multimerization. We also found that introduction of an additional fully occupied N-linked glycosylation site at the N terminus at position 1 (equivalent to Asp-221 in the Fc of IgG1) dramatically enhances overall sialic acid content of the Fc multimers. Furthermore, replacement of Cys-575 in the IgM tail piece of multimers resulted in monomers with enhanced sialic acid content and differential receptor-binding profiles. Thus insertion of additional N-linked glycans into either the hinge or tail piece of monomers or multimers leads to molecules with enhanced sialylation that may be suitable for managing inflammation or blocking pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Blundell
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Ngoc Phuong Lan Le
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Pleass
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom.
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240
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Liu H, Nowak C, Andrien B, Shao M, Ponniah G, Neill A. Impact of IgG Fc-Oligosaccharides on Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Structure, Stability, Safety, and Efficacy. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1173-1181. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Liu
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; New Haven CT 06510
| | - Christine Nowak
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; New Haven CT 06510
| | - Bruce Andrien
- Early Stage Analytical Sciences, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; New Haven CT 06510
| | - Mei Shao
- Late Stage Upstream Development, Global Process Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; New Haven CT 06510
| | - Gomathinayagam Ponniah
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; New Haven CT 06510
| | - Alyssa Neill
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; New Haven CT 06510
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241
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Chen CL, Hsu JC, Lin CW, Wang CH, Tsai MH, Wu CY, Wong CH, Ma C. Crystal Structure of a Homogeneous IgG-Fc Glycoform with the N-Glycan Designed to Maximize the Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1335-1345. [PMID: 28318221 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation on IgG modulates Fc conformation and effector functions. An IgG-Fc contains a human sialo-complex type (hSCT) glycan of biantennary structure with two α2,6-sialylations and without core-fucosylation is an optimized glycoform developed to enhance the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). hSCT modification not only enhances the binding affinity to Fc receptors in the presence of antigen but also in some cases provides gain-of-function effector activity. We used enzymatic glyco-engineering to prepare an IgG-Fc with homogeneous hSCT attached to each CH2 domain and solved its crystal structure. A compact form and an open form were observed in an asymmetric unit in the crystal. In the compact structure, the double glycan latches from the two hSCT chains stabilize the CH2 domains in a closed conformation. In the open structure, the terminal sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid or NeuNAc) residue interacts through water-mediated hydrogen bonds with the D249-L251 helix, to modulate the pivot region of the CH2-CH3 interface. The double glycan latches and the sialic acid modulation may be mutually exclusive. This is the first crystal structure of glyco-engineered Fc with enhanced effector activities. This work provides insights into the relationship between the structural stability and effector functions affected by hSCT modification and the development of better antibodies for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate
Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chi Hsu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate
Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate
Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate
Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate
Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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242
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Towards automation in protein digestion: Development of a monolithic trypsin immobilized reactor for highly efficient on-line digestion and analysis. Talanta 2017; 167:143-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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243
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Ishii M. Immunology proves a great success for treating systemic autoimmune diseases - a perspective on immunopharmacology: IUPHAR Review 23. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1875-1880. [PMID: 28299772 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the bioengineering of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of several immunological and rheumatic diseases. mAbs exhibit high specificity and affinity, and are very effective targeting agents, associated with minimal off-target adverse effects. Of several relevant immunological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis was the condition initially treated with mAbs, with great success. Currently, many immunological disorders are targeted and successfully treated using such novel approaches; these include inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, lupus and psoriasis. Today, the efforts of researchers in basic immunology (with a long history) have borne fruit; bioengineered mAbs are employed in clinical practice. In this brief review, I will describe the current and emerging therapeutic mAbs and molecular targeted agents, and discuss the future of the field, especially from the viewpoint of pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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244
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Glycoengineering of pertuzumab and its impact on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46347. [PMID: 28397880 PMCID: PMC5387714 DOI: 10.1038/srep46347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertuzumab is an antihuman HER2 antibody developed for HER2 positive breast cancer. Glycosylation profiles are always the important issue for antibody based therapy. Previous findings have suggested the impact of glycosylation profiles on the function of antibodies, like pharmacodynamics, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). However, the roles of fucose and sialic acid in the function of therapeutic antibodies still need further investigation, especially the role of sialic acid in nonfucosylated antibodies. This study focused on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pertuzumab after glycoengineering. Herein, nonfucosylated pertuzumab was produced in CHOFUT8−/− cells, and desialylated pertuzumab was generated by enzymatic hydrolysis. Present data indicated that fucose was critical for ADCC activity by influencing the interaction between pertuzumab and FcγRIIIa, nevertheless removal of sialic acid increased the ADCC and CDC activity of pertuzumab. Meanwhile, regarding to sialic acid, sialidase hydrolysis directly resulted in asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) dependent clearance in hepatic cells in vitro. The pharmacokinetic assay revealed that co-injection of asialofetuin can protect desialylated pertuzumab against ASGPRs-mediated clearance. Taken together, the present study elucidated the importance of fucose and sialic acid for pertuzumab, and also provided further understanding of the relationship of glycosylation/pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of therapeutic antibody.
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245
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Chang S, Hanauer S. Extrapolation and Interchangeability of Infliximab and Adalimumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 15:53-70. [PMID: 28164249 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-017-0122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Infliximab and adalimumab biosimilars have been approved by the FDA and European Medicines Agency and have already been introduced to the international market. Availability into the US market is imminent. Biosimilars are highly similar to the reference biologic product but should not be referred to as, nor equated with, generic medications as no two biosimilars can ever be identical. Regulatory pathways for biosimilar approval consider the totality of evidence for biosimilar approvals, but the preponderance of development relies on analytic and functional testing and allows extrapolation between indications to reduce the financial burden of completing comparative clinical trials for each indication. Neither CT-P13 (infliximab biosimilar) nor ABP 501 (adalimumab biosimilar) was clinically tested in patients with inflammatory bowel disease prior to being submitted for approval by regulatory agencies. The body of available evidence suggests that these drugs will perform similarly to their originators. The pathway for interchangeability of biosimilars has yet to be clarified by federal regulators and currently remains determined by states within the USA. However, preliminary data suggests that switching from originator to biosimilar is safe with minimal differences in clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Hanauer
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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246
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Bueno J. Fungal Bionanotechnology, When Knowledge Merge into a New Discipline to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68424-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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247
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Jefferis R. Recombinant Proteins and Monoclonal Antibodies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 175:281-318. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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248
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Mittermayr S, Lê GN, Clarke C, Millán Martín S, Larkin AM, O’Gorman P, Bones J. Polyclonal Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation in the Pathogenesis of Plasma Cell Disorders. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:748-762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittermayr
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Giao N. Lê
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- Department
of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin D07 R2WY, Ireland
- National
Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - Colin Clarke
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Silvia Millán Martín
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Larkin
- National
Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department
of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin D07 R2WY, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
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249
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Jia H, Guo Y, Song X, Shao C, Wu J, Ma J, Shi M, Miao Y, Li R, Wang D, Tian Z, Xiao W. Elimination of N-glycosylation by site mutation further prolongs the half-life of IFN-α/Fc fusion proteins expressed in Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:209. [PMID: 27927205 PMCID: PMC5142404 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon (IFN)-α has been commonly used as an antiviral drug worldwide; however, its short half-life in circulation due to its low molecular weight and sensitivity to proteases impacts its efficacy and patient compliance. Results In this study, we present an IgG1 Fc fusion strategy to improve the circulation half-life of IFN-α. Three different forms of IgG1 Fc fragments, including the wild type, aglycosylated homodimer and aglycosylated single chain, were each fused with IFN-α and designated as IFN-α/Fc-WT, IFN-α/Fc-MD, and IFN-α/Fc-SC, respectively. The recombinant proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris and tested using antiviral and pharmacokinetic assays in comparison with the commercial pegylated-IFN-α (PEG-IFN-α). The in vitro study demonstrated that IFN-α/Fc-SC has the highest antiviral activity, while IFN-α/Fc-WT and IFN-α/Fc-MD exhibited antiviral activities comparable to that of PEG-IFN-α. The in vivo pharmacokinetic assay showed that both IFN-α/Fc-WT and IFN-α/Fc-MD have a longer half-life than PEG-IFN-α in SD rats, but IFN-α/Fc-SC has the shortest half-life among them. Importantly, the circulating half-life of 68.3 h for IFN-α/Fc-MD was significantly longer than those of 38.2 h for IFN-α/Fc-WT and 22.2 h for PEG-IFN-α. Conclusions The results demonstrate that the elimination of N-glycosylation by mutation of putative N-glycosylation site further prolongs the half-life of the IFN-α/Fc fusion protein and could present an alternative strategy for extending the half-life of low-molecular-weight proteins expressed by P. pastoris for in vivo studies as well as for future clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0601-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yugang Guo
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaoping Song
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingyang Shi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Miao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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250
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Hayes JM, Wormald MR, Rudd PM, Davey GP. Fc gamma receptors: glycobiology and therapeutic prospects. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:209-219. [PMID: 27895507 PMCID: PMC5118039 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies hold great promise for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, and developments in antibody–drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies continue to enhance treatment options for patients. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies are proteins with complex modifications, which have a significant impact on their function. The most important of these modifications is glycosylation, the addition of conserved glycans to the antibody Fc region, which is critical for its interaction with the immune system and induction of effector activities such as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, complement activation and phagocytosis. Communication of IgG antibodies with the immune system is controlled and mediated by Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), membrane-bound proteins, which relay the information sensed and gathered by antibodies to the immune system. These receptors are also glycoproteins and provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Recent information suggests that this receptor glycan modification is also important for the interaction with antibodies and downstream immune response. In this study, the current knowledge on FcγR glycosylation is discussed, and some insight into its role and influence on the interaction properties with IgG, particularly in the context of biotherapeutics, is provided. For the purpose of this study, other Fc receptors such as FcαR, FcεR or FcRn are not discussed extensively, as IgG-based antibodies are currently the only therapeutic antibody-based products on the market. In addition, FcγRs as therapeutics and therapeutic targets are discussed, and insight into and comment on the therapeutic aspects of receptor glycosylation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrard M Hayes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark R Wormald
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT Glycoscience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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