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Donovan NJ, Boudreaux DM, Savage MC. Objective Measurement of Vocal Parameters in Older People With and Without Parkinson’s Disease in Their Natural Environments: A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1044/cicsd_42_s_100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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202
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Hillier S, Immink M, Thewlis D. Assessing Proprioception: A Systematic Review of Possibilities. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2015; 29:933-49. [PMID: 25712470 DOI: 10.1177/1545968315573055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Proprioception is a vital aspect of motor control and when degraded or lost can have a profound impact on function in diverse clinical populations. This systematic review aimed to identify clinically related tools to measure proprioceptive acuity, to classify the construct(s) underpinning the tools, and to report on the clinimetric properties of the tools. We searched key databases with the pertinent search terms, and from an initial list of 935 articles, we identified 57 of relevance. These articles described 32 different tools or methods to quantify proprioception. There was wide variation in methods, the joints able to be tested, and the populations sampled. The predominant construct was active or passive joint position detection, followed by passive motion detection and motion direction discrimination. The clinimetric properties were mostly poorly evaluated or reported. The Rivermead Assessment of Somatosensory Perception was generally considered to be a valid and reliable tool but with low precision; other tools with higher precision are potentially not clinically feasible. Clinicians and clinical researchers can use the summary tables to make more informed decisions about which tool to use to match their predominant requirements. Further discussion and research is needed to produce measures of proprioception that have improved validity and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hillier
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maarten Immink
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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203
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Summa S, Basteris A, Betti E, Sanguineti V. Adaptive training with full-body movements to reduce bradykinesia in persons with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2015; 12:16. [PMID: 25885094 PMCID: PMC4336500 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-015-0009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bradykinesia (slow movements) is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and results in reduced mobility and postural instability. The objective of this study is to develop and demonstrate a technology-assisted exercise protocol that is specifically aimed at reducing bradykinesia. Methods Seven persons with PD participated in this study. They were required to perform whole body reaching movements toward targets placed in different directions and at different elevations. Movements were recorded by a Microsoft Kinect movement sensor and used to control a human-like avatar, which was continuously displayed on a screen placed in front of the subjects. After completion of each movement, subjects received a 0-100 score that was inversely proportional to movement time. Target distance in the next movements was automatically adjusted in order to keep the score around a pre-specified target value. In this way, subjects always exercised with the largest movement amplitude they could sustain. The training protocol was organised into blocks of 45 movements toward targets placed in three different directions and at three different elevations (a total of nine targets). Each training session included a finite number of blocks, fitted within a fixed 40 minutes duration. The whole protocol included a total of 10 sessions (approximately two sessions/week). As primary outcome measure we took the absolute average acceleration. Various aspects of movement performance were taken as secondary outcome measures, namely accuracy (undershoot error), path curvature, movement time, and average speed. Results Throughout sessions, we observed an increase of the absolute average acceleration and speed and decreased undershoot error and movement time. Exercise also significantly affected the relationship between target elevation and both speed and acceleration - the improvement was greater at higher elevations. Conclusions The device and the protocol were well accepted by subjects and appeared safe and easy to use. Our preliminary results point at a training-induced reduction of bradykinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Summa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Basteris
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. .,School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Enrico Betti
- Functional Recovery and Rehabilitation Service, Hospital 'La Colletta', Arenzano, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Sanguineti
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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204
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Issy AC, Padovan-Neto FE, Lazzarini M, Bortolanza M, Del-Bel E. Disturbance of sensorimotor filtering in the 6-OHDA rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2015; 125:71-8. [PMID: 25681528 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Issy
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando E Padovan-Neto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Lazzarini
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Machado S, Arias-Carrión O, Paes F, Vieira RT, Caixeta L, Novaes F, Marinho T, Almada LF, Silva AC, Nardi AE. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for clinical applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders: an overview. Eurasian J Med 2015; 45:191-206. [PMID: 25610279 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are characterized by several disabling symptoms for which effective, mechanism-based treatments remain elusive. Consequently, more advanced non-invasive therapeutic methods are required. A method that may modulate brain activity and be viable for use in clinical practice is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It is a non-invasive procedure whereby a pulsed magnetic field stimulates electrical activity in the brain. Here, we focus on the basic foundation of rTMS, the main stimulation parametters, the factors that influence individual responses to rTMS and the experimental advances of rTMS that may become a viable clinical application to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. The findings showed that rTMS can improve some symptoms associated with these conditions and might be useful for promoting cortical plasticity in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, these changes are transient and it is premature to propose these applications as realistic therapeutic options, even though the rTMS technique has been evidenced as a potential modulator of sensorimotor integration and neuroplasticity. Functional imaging of the region of interest could highlight the capacity of rTMS to bring about plastic changes of the cortical circuitry and hint at future novel clinical interventions. Thus, we recommend that further studies clearly determine the role of rTMS in the treatment of these conditions. Finally, we must remember that however exciting the neurobiological mechanisms might be, the clinical usefulness of rTMS will be determined by its ability to provide patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders with safe, long-lasting and substantial improvements in quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ); National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil ; Quiropraxia Program of Faculty of Health Sciences, Central University (UCEN), Santiago, Chile ; Institute of Phylosophy of Federal University of Uberlândia (IFILO/UFU), Brazil ; Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program of Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Movement Disorders and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Unit, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México
| | - Flávia Paes
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ); National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Caixeta
- Faculty of Medicine of Federal University of Goiás, Goiás-GO, Brazil
| | - Felipe Novaes
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ); National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Tamires Marinho
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ); National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Cardoso Silva
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ); National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ); National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
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206
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Tics and Tourette Syndrome. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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207
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Kelm-Nelson CA, Yang KM, Ciucci MR. Exercise Effects on Early Vocal Ultrasonic Communication Dysfunction in a PINK1 Knockout Model of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2015; 5:749-63. [PMID: 26577653 PMCID: PMC4869531 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with vocal communication deficits that manifest early, progress, and are largely resistant to medical interventions; however, they do respond to exercise-based speech and voice therapies. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To study how exercise-based vocal treatment can affect the progression of communication deficits related to PD, we studied ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rats with homozygous knockout (-/-) of PINK1, a gene mutation known to cause PD, under the manipulation of a behavioral vocal exercise paradigm that allows us to precisely control dose and timing of exercise in the prodromal (prior to diagnosis) stages. RESULTS We show that intensive vocal-training rescues frequency range and intensity deficits as well as leads to an increase in call complexity and duration of calls compared to sham-training; however, over time this training regime loses significant effect as the disease progresses. We also show effects of frequent handling and conspecific (male-female) interaction in the sham-training group as they demonstrated significantly higher call rate, intensity, frequency range, and call complexity compared to rats without any form of training and consequently less handling/interaction. Further, we confirm that this model exhibits progressive gross motor deficits that indicate neurodegeneration. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the evolving nature of vocal communication deficits requires an adjustment of therapy targets and more intensive training over the course of this progressive disease and demonstrates the importance of frequent social experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katie M. Yang
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle R. Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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208
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Ehgoetz Martens KA, Ellard CG, Almeida QJ. Does manipulating the speed of visual flow in virtual reality change distance estimation while walking in Parkinson’s disease? Exp Brain Res 2014; 233:787-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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209
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Abbruzzese G, Trompetto C, Mori L, Pelosin E. Proprioceptive rehabilitation of upper limb dysfunction in movement disorders: a clinical perspective. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:961. [PMID: 25505402 PMCID: PMC4243688 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders (MDs) are frequently associated with sensory abnormalities. In particular, proprioceptive deficits have been largely documented in both hypokinetic (Parkinson’s disease) and hyperkinetic conditions (dystonia), suggesting a possible role in their pathophysiology. Proprioceptive feedback is a fundamental component of sensorimotor integration allowing effective planning and execution of voluntary movements. Rehabilitation has become an essential element in the management of patients with MDs, and there is a strong rationale to include proprioceptive training in rehabilitation protocols focused on mobility problems of the upper limbs. Proprioceptive training is aimed at improving the integration of proprioceptive signals using “task-intrinsic” or “augmented feedback.” This perspective article reviews the available evidence on the effects of proprioceptive stimulation in improving upper limb mobility in patients with MDs and highlights the emerging innovative approaches targeted to maximizing the benefits of exercise by means of enhanced proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Abbruzzese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Laura Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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210
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Dresel C, Li Y, Wilzeck V, Castrop F, Zimmer C, Haslinger B. Multiple changes of functional connectivity between sensorimotor areas in focal hand dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1245-52. [PMID: 24706945 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Task-specific focal hand dystonia impairs the control of arm muscles during fine motor skills such as writing (writer's cramp (WC)). Functional imaging found abnormal task-related activation of sensorimotor areas in this disorder, but little is known on their functional connectivity (FC). METHODS Resting-state fMRI and regions of interest (ROI)-voxel cross-correlation analyses were used for systematically analysing the FC between multiple ROIs within the cerebello-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network in 15 patients with right-sided WC and 15 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Patients with WC showed a lower positive FC of several seed ROIs (left lateral premotor cortex, left thalamus, left/right pallidum) to the symptomatic left primary sensorimotor cortex compared with controls. The FC of the left primary motor cortex to prefrontal areas, pre- supplementary motor area and right somatosensory cortex was reduced and correlated with disease severity. Several cerebellar seed ROIs (right dentate nucleus, right crus I and bilateral crus II) revealed a stronger negative FC to primary and secondary sensorimotor areas. CONCLUSIONS An increase of negative cerebello-cortical FC at rest is in line with the hypothesis of a pathogenetic role of the cerebellum in dystonia. The deficit of positive subcortico-cortical FC indicates more generalised changes within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor loops beyond primary sensorimotor areas in WC. As patients with WC are asymptomatic during rest, these functional network changes could reflect an underlying abnormality or compensatory neuroplastic changes of network architecture in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dresel
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Verena Wilzeck
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Florian Castrop
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
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211
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Gaßner H, Janzen A, Schwirtz A, Jansen P. Random Whole Body Vibration over 5 Weeks Leads to Effects Similar to Placebo: A Controlled Study in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2014; 2014:386495. [PMID: 25371843 PMCID: PMC4211146 DOI: 10.1155/2014/386495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Random whole body vibration (WBV) training leads to beneficial short-term effects in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of WBV lasting several weeks is not clear. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess a random WBV training over 5 weeks in PD. Methods. Twenty-one participants with PD were allocated to either an experimental or a placebo group matched by age, gender, and Hoehn&Yahr stage. The WBV training consisted of 5 series, 60 s each. In the placebo group, vibration was simulated. The primary outcome was the change of performance in Functional reach test (FRT), step-walk-turn task, biomechanical Gait Analysis, Timed up and go test (TUG), and one leg stance. Findings. In most of the parameters, there was no significant interaction of "time∗group." Both groups improved significantly in Gait parameters, TUG, and one leg stance. Only in the FRT [F(1,15) = 8.397; P < 0.05] and in the TUG [F(1,15) = 4.971; P < 0.05] the experimental group performed significantly better than the placebo group. Conclusions. Random WBV training over 5 weeks seems to be less effective than reported in previous studies performing short-term training. The slight improvements in the FRT and TUG are not clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Gaßner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schwirtz
- Department of Sport Biomechanics, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Jansen
- Department of Sport Science, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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212
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Blanchet M, Prince F, Chouinard S, Messier J. Postural stability limits in manifest and premanifest Huntington’s disease under different sensory conditions. Neuroscience 2014; 279:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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213
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Clark JP, Adams SG, Dykstra AD, Moodie S, Jog M. Loudness perception and speech intensity control in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2014; 51:1-12. [PMID: 25194745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to examine loudness perception in individuals with hypophonia and Parkinson's disease. The participants included 17 individuals with hypophonia related to Parkinson's disease (PD) and 25 age-equivalent controls. The three loudness perception tasks included a magnitude estimation procedure involving a sentence spoken at 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 dB SPL, an imitation task involving a sentence spoken at 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 dB SPL, and a magnitude production procedure involving the production of a sentence at five different loudness levels (habitual, two and four times louder and two and four times quieter). The participants with PD produced a significantly different pattern and used a more restricted range than the controls in their perception of speech loudness, imitation of speech intensity, and self-generated estimates of speech loudness. The results support a speech loudness perception deficit in PD involving an abnormal perception of externally generated and self-generated speech intensity. LEARNING OUTCOMES Readers will recognize that individuals with hypophonia related to Parkinson's disease may demonstrate a speech loudness perception deficit involving the abnormal perception of externally generated and self-generated speech intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna P Clark
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1.
| | - Scott G Adams
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1.
| | - Allyson D Dykstra
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1.
| | - Shane Moodie
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1.
| | - Mandar Jog
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1.
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Abstract
Sensory tricks are various manoeuvres that can ameliorate dystonia. Common characteristics are well known, but their variety is wide, sensory stimulation is not necessarily the critical feature, and their physiology is unknown. To enumerate the various forms of sensory tricks and describe their nature, research findings and theories that may elucidate their neurophysiologic mechanism, we reviewed the literature pertaining to sensory tricks, including variants like motor tricks, imaginary tricks, forcible tricks and reverse sensory tricks. On the basis of this information, we propose a new classification of sensory tricks to include its variants. We highlight neurophysiologic evidence suggesting that sensory tricks work by decreasing abnormal facilitation. We tie this with established dystonia pathogenesis and postulate that sensory tricks decrease abnormally increased facilitation to inhibition ratios in the dystonic brain. It appears worthwhile for patients to search for possible sensory tricks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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215
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Houghton DC, Capriotti MR, Conelea CA, Woods DW. Sensory Phenomena in Tourette Syndrome: Their Role in Symptom Formation and Treatment. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2014; 1:245-251. [PMID: 25844305 DOI: 10.1007/s40474-014-0026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary symptoms of Tourette Syndrome (TS) are motor and vocal tics, but increasingly, researchers have examined the role of sensory phenomena in biobehavioral models of the disorder. These sensory phenomena involve tic-related premonitory urge sensations as well as potential abnormalities in the perceptual and behavioral experiences associated with external sensory input. As such, dysfunctional sensorimotor integration might represent a key facet of TS pathology. The current paper reviews the literature on sensory phenomena in tic disorders and highlights possible connections to TS symptoms and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Houghton
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Matthew R Capriotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 224 Garland Hall, 2441 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211
| | - Christine A Conelea
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Douglas W Woods
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843
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216
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Patel N, Hanfelt J, Marsh L, Jankovic J. Alleviating manoeuvres (sensory tricks) in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:882-4. [PMID: 24828895 PMCID: PMC4871143 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on the phenomenology, clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of alleviating manoeuvres (AM), also called 'sensory tricks' in cervical dystonia (CD). METHODS Individual data, collected from 10 sites participating in the Dystonia Coalition (http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01373424), included description of localisation and phenomenology of AM collected by systematic review of standardised video examinations. Analyses correlated demographic, neurologic, and psychiatric features of CD patients with or without effective AM. RESULTS Of 154 people studied, 138 (89.6%) used AM, of which 60 (43.4%) reported partial improvement, 55 (39.8%) marked improvement, and 4 (0.03%) no effect on dystonic posture. Light touch, usually to the lower face or neck, was used by >90%. The presence or location of AM did not correlate with the severity of the dystonia. CONCLUSIONS In this large and comprehensive study of CD, we found no clinical predictors of effective AM. Further studies of sensorimotor integration in dystonia are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neepa Patel
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Center for Movement Disorders, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John Hanfelt
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Marsh
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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217
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Vesia M, Chen R. Focal hand dystonia: using brain stimulation to probe network interactions and brain plasticity. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1227-9. [PMID: 25042177 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vesia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain Imaging & Behaviour Systems - Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Perruchoud D, Murray MM, Lefebvre J, Ionta S. Focal dystonia and the Sensory-Motor Integrative Loop for Enacting (SMILE). Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:458. [PMID: 24999327 PMCID: PMC4064702 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing accurate movements requires preparation, execution, and monitoring mechanisms. The first two are coded by the motor system, the latter by the sensory system. To provide an adaptive neural basis to overt behaviors, motor and sensory information has to be properly integrated in a reciprocal feedback loop. Abnormalities in this sensory-motor loop are involved in movement disorders such as focal dystonia, a hyperkinetic alteration affecting only a specific body part and characterized by sensory and motor deficits in the absence of basic motor impairments. Despite the fundamental impact of sensory-motor integration mechanisms on daily life, the general principles of healthy and pathological anatomic–functional organization of sensory-motor integration remain to be clarified. Based on the available data from experimental psychology, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging, we propose a bio-computational model of sensory-motor integration: the Sensory-Motor Integrative Loop for Enacting (SMILE). Aiming at direct therapeutic implementations and with the final target of implementing novel intervention protocols for motor rehabilitation, our main goal is to provide the information necessary for further validating the SMILE model. By translating neuroscientific hypotheses into empirical investigations and clinically relevant questions, the prediction based on the SMILE model can be further extended to other pathological conditions characterized by impaired sensory-motor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perruchoud
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology, Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Micah M Murray
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology, Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland ; The Electroencephalography Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremie Lefebvre
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology, Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology, Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mayer IMS, Orth M. Neurophysiology in Huntington's disease: an update. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2014; 4:155-64. [PMID: 24832033 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary movement disorder with dementia and behavioral difficulties caused by a mutation in the HTT gene. Age-at-onset, clinical phenotype and disease evolution vary and are not explained by the mutation alone. Electrophysiological techniques, like transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography, have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology but have not revealed any consistent abnormalities suitable as biomarkers. The most promising candidate may be somatosensory or visual evoked potentials, which repeatedly had reduced amplitudes in manifest HD. To test their potential, large cohorts of clinically homogeneous patients need to be studied with electrophysiological in conjunction with neuroimaging techniques to delineate neural network function in relation to micro- and macro-structural brain changes.
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221
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Hegland KW, Okun MS, Troche MS. Sequential voluntary cough and aspiration or aspiration risk in Parkinson's disease. Lung 2014; 192:601-8. [PMID: 24792231 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered swallowing, or dysphagia, is almost always present to some degree in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), either causing aspiration or greatly increasing the risk for aspiration during swallowing. This likely contributes to aspiration pneumonia, a leading cause of death in this patient population. Effective airway protection is dependent upon multiple behaviors, including cough and swallowing. Single voluntary cough function is disordered in people with PD and dysphagia. However, the appropriate response to aspirate material is more than one cough, or sequential cough. The goal of this study was to examine voluntary sequential coughing in people with PD, with and without dysphagia. METHODS Forty adults diagnosed with idiopathic PD produced two trials of sequential voluntary cough. The cough airflows were obtained using pneumotachograph and facemask and subsequently digitized and recorded. All participants received a modified barium swallow study as part of their clinical care, and the worst penetration-aspiration score observed was used to determine whether the patient had dysphagia. RESULTS There were significant differences in the compression phase duration, peak expiratory flow rates, and amount of air expired of the sequential cough produced by participants with and without dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS The presence of dysphagia in people with PD is associated with disordered cough function. Sequential cough, which is important in removing aspirate material from large- and smaller-diameter airways, is also impaired in people with PD and dysphagia compared with those without dysphagia. There may be common neuroanatomical substrates for cough and swallowing impairment in PD leading to the co-occurrence of these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wheeler Hegland
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, 336 Dauer Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA,
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Russo M, Naro A, Mastroeni C, Morgante F, Terranova C, Muscatello M, Zoccali R, Calabrò R, Quartarone A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: A “sensory-motor” problem? Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 92:74-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Wardman DL, Gandevia SC, Colebatch JG. Cerebral, subcortical, and cerebellar activation evoked by selective stimulation of muscle and cutaneous afferents: an fMRI study. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00270. [PMID: 24771687 PMCID: PMC4001872 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract We compared the brain areas that showed significant flow changes induced by selective stimulation of muscle and cutaneous afferents using fMRI BOLD imaging. Afferents arising from the right hand were studied in eight volunteers with electrical stimulation of the digital nerve of the index finger and over the motor point of the FDI muscle. Both methods evoked areas of significant activation cortically, subcortically, and in the cerebellum. Selective muscle afferent stimulation caused significant activation in motor-related areas. It also caused significantly greater activation within the contralateral precentral gyrus, insula, and within the ipsilateral cerebellum as well as greater areas of reduced blood flow when compared to the cutaneous stimuli. We demonstrated separate precentral and postcentral foci of excitation with muscle afferent stimulation. We conclude, contrary to the findings with evoked potentials, that muscle afferents evoke more widespread cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar activation than do cutaneous afferents. This emphasizes the importance, for studies of movement, of matching the kinematic aspects in order to avoid the results being confounded by alterations in muscle afferent activation. The findings are consistent with clinical observations of the movement consequences of sensory loss and may also be the basis for the contribution of disturbed sensorimotor processing to disorders of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Wardman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, RandwickSydney, 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon C. Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, RandwickSydney, 2031, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G. Colebatch
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, RandwickSydney, 2031, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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Semrau JA, Perlmutter JS, Thoroughman KA. Visuomotor adaptation in Parkinson's disease: effects of perturbation type and medication state. J Neurophysiol 2014; 111:2675-87. [PMID: 24694937 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00095.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To perform simple everyday tasks, we use visual feedback from our external environment to generate and guide movements. However, tasks like reaching for a cup may become extremely difficult in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and it is unknown whether PD patients use visual information to compensate for motor deficiencies. We tested adaptation to changes in visual feedback of the hand in three subject groups, PD patients on daily levodopa (l-dopa) therapy (PD ON), PD patients off l-dopa (PD OFF), and age-matched control subjects, to determine the effects of PD on the visual control of movement. Subjects were tested on two classes of visual perturbations, one that altered visual direction of movement and one that altered visual extent of movement, allowing us to test adaptive sensitivity to changes in both movement direction (visual rotations) and extent (visual gain). The PD OFF group displayed more complete adaptation to visuomotor rotations compared with control subjects but initial, transient difficulty with adaptation to visual gain perturbations. The PD ON group displayed feedback control more sensitive to visual error compared with control subjects but compared with the PD OFF group had mild impairments during adaptation to changes in visual extent. We conclude that PD subjects can adapt to changes in visual information but that l-dopa may impair visual-based motor adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Semrau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kurt A Thoroughman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
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225
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Zhao Y, Zheng X, Wang Q, Xu J, Xu X, Zhang M. Altered activation in visual cortex: Unusual functional magnetic resonance imaging finding in early Parkinson’s disease. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:503-15. [PMID: 24595154 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513507647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Movement dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is well documented but its cause remains unclear. This study examined whether motor symptoms are caused by sensory impairment, executive dysfunction or other factors. Methods We examined the integration of tactile and motor programmes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in early stage PD patients compared with neurologically normal controls, to investigate neural mechanisms underlying movement dysfunction. Results Twenty-two control participants exhibited activation in an extensive network of cortical regions involved in tactile–motor integration. Decreased activation in somatosensory and motor regions during performance of passive tactile and movement tasks was found in 21 PD patients. The extrastriate visual cortex exhibited greater activation in controls during performance of the tasks. In contrast, greater activation in bilateral prefrontal regions was found in PD patients. Conclusions These results indicate that the extrastriate visual cortex is a multisensory region playing an important role in sensorimotor integration. The findings suggest that PD patients exhibit decreased activation in the extrastriate visual cortex, possibly related to dysfunctional integrative processing, and compensatory activity in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuning Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingfeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Teixeira S, Machado S, Velasques B, Sanfim A, Minc D, Peressutti C, Bittencourt J, Budde H, Cagy M, Anghinah R, Basile LF, Piedade R, Ribeiro P, Diniz C, Cartier C, Gongora M, Silva F, Manaia F, Silva JG. Integrative parietal cortex processes: Neurological and psychiatric aspects. J Neurol Sci 2014; 338:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Aristotle's illusion in Parkinson's disease: evidence for normal interdigit tactile perception. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88686. [PMID: 24523929 PMCID: PMC3921216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory alterations, a common feature of such movement disorders as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dystonia, could emerge as epiphenomena of basal ganglia dysfunction. Recently, we found a selective reduction of tactile perception (Aristotle’s illusion, the illusory doubling sensation of one object when touched with crossed fingers) in the affected hand of patients with focal hand dystonia. This suggests that reduced tactile illusion might be a specific feature of this type of dystonia and could be due to abnormal somatosensory cortical activation. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether Aristotle’s illusion is reduced in the affected hand of patients with PD. We tested 15 PD patients, in whom motor symptoms were mainly localised to one side of the body, and 15 healthy controls. Three pairs of fingers were tested in crossed (evoking the illusion) or parallel position (not evoking the illusion). A sphere was placed in the contact point between the two fingers and the blindfolded participants had to say whether they felt one or two stimuli. Stimuli were applied on the affected and less or unaffected side of the PD patients. We found no difference in illusory perception between the PD patients and the controls, nor between the more affected and less/unaffected side, suggesting that Aristotle’s illusion is preserved in PD. The retained tactile illusion in PD and its reduction in focal hand dystonia suggest that the basal ganglia, which are dysfunctional in both PD and dystonia, may not be causally involved in this function. Instead, the level of activation between digits in the somatosensory cortex may be more directly involved. Finally, the similar percentage of illusion in the more affected and less or unaffected body sides indicates that the illusory perception is not influenced by the presence or amount of motor symptoms.
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Capecci M, Serpicelli C, Fiorentini L, Censi G, Ferretti M, Orni C, Renzi R, Provinciali L, Ceravolo MG. Postural rehabilitation and Kinesio taping for axial postural disorders in Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 95:1067-75. [PMID: 24508531 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of postural rehabilitation (PR) on trunk asymmetry and balance, with and without Kinesio taping (KT) of the back muscles as additional treatment, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have postural disorders. DESIGN Single-blind, randomized controlled trial with 1-month follow-up. SETTING Ambulatory care in referral center. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N=20) with PD showing postural abnormalities of the trunk, in the sagittal and/or coronal plane. INTERVENTIONS Four weeks of patient-tailored proprioceptive and tactile stimulation, combined with stretching and postural reeducation, was provided to 13 subjects (PR group), while 7 received no treatment (control group). Six of the 13 subjects receiving PR also had KT strips applied to their trunk muscles, according to the features of their postural abnormalities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, and degrees of trunk bending in the sagittal and coronal planes were assessed at the enrollment (t0), 1 month later (t1), and 2 months later (t2). RESULTS At t1, all treated patients showed a significant improvement in trunk posture in both the sagittal (P=.002) and coronal planes (P=.01), compared with baseline. Moreover, they showed an improvement in measures of gait and balance (P<.01). Benefits persisted at t2 for all measures, except lateral trunk bend. No differences were found when comparing the PR and KT groups. CONCLUSIONS The combination of active posture correction and trunk movements, muscle stretching, and proprioceptive stimulation may usefully impact PD axial symptoms. Repeated training is advocated to avoid waning of the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Capecci
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Serpicelli
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorentini
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Censi
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferretti
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Orni
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosita Renzi
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leandro Provinciali
- Neurologic Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Ceravolo
- Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Section, Politecnica delle Marche University, Ancona, Italy
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Barbic F, Galli M, Dalla Vecchia L, Canesi M, Cimolin V, Porta A, Bari V, Cerri G, Dipaola F, Bassani T, Cozzolino D, Pezzoli G, Furlan R. Effects of mechanical stimulation of the feet on gait and cardiovascular autonomic control in Parkinson's disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:495-503. [PMID: 24436294 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01160.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is partly due to defective central processing of lower limb afferents. Concomitant alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control leading to orthostatic hypotension may worsen motor ability. We evaluated whether mechanical activation of feet sensory afferents could improve gait and modify the response of cardiovascular autonomic control to stressors in 16 patients (age 66 ± 2 yr) with idiopathic PD (Hoehn & Yhar scale 2-3) on their usual therapy. Eight subjects (group A) were randomized to undergo skin pressure (0.58 ± 0.04 kg/mm(2)) stimulation at the hallux tip and first metatarsal joint (effective stimulation; ES) of both feet. Eight remaining patients (group B) underwent sham stimulation (SS) followed by ES. Three-dimensional movement analysis provided quantitative indexes of movement disability before (baseline) and 24 h after ES and SS. Spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability provided markers of cardiac sympatho-vagal (LF/HF) and vascular sympathetic (LFSAP) modulations. Markers were measured at rest and during 75° head-up tilt, before and 24 h after ES and SS. After ES, step length and gait velocity increased, upright rotation velocity was enhanced, and step number was decreased. After ES, LFSAP declined. The increase in LF/HF and LFSAP induced by tilt was greater than before feet stimulation. No changes in gait and autonomic parameters were observed after SS. Twenty-four hours after ES, patients with PD showed improved gait and increased cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation during upright position compared with baseline. Conversely, SS was ineffective on both movement and autonomic parameters, indicating a site specificity effect of the stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Barbic
- Internal Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, University of Milan, Neuroscience Research Association, Milan, Italy
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Riquelme I, Padrón I, Cifre I, González-Roldán AM, Montoya P. Differences in somatosensory processing due to dominant hemispheric motor impairment in cerebral palsy. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:10. [PMID: 24410983 PMCID: PMC3893529 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although cerebral palsy (CP) is usually defined as a group of permanent motor disorders due to non-progressive disturbances in the developing fetal or infant brain, recent research has shown that CP individuals are also characterized by altered somatosensory perception, increased pain and abnormal activation of cortical somatosensory areas. The present study was aimed to examine hemispheric differences on somatosensory brain processing in individuals with bilateral CP and lateralized motor impairments compared with healthy controls. Nine CP individuals with left-dominant motor impairments (LMI) (age range 5–28 yrs), nine CP individuals with right-dominant motor impairments (RMI) (age range 7–29 yrs), and 12 healthy controls (age range 5–30 yrs) participated in the study. Proprioception, touch and pain thresholds, as well as somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) elicited by tactile stimulation of right and left lips and thumbs were compared. Results Pain sensitivity was higher, and lip stimulation elicited greater beta power and more symmetrical SEP amplitudes in individuals with CP than in healthy controls. In addition, although there was no significant differences between individuals with RMI and LMI on pain or touch sensitivity, lip and thumb stimulation elicited smaller beta power and more symmetrical SEP amplitudes in individuals with LMI than with RMI. Conclusions Our data revealed that brain processing of somatosensory stimulation was abnormal in CP individuals. Moreover, this processing was different depending if they presented right- or left-dominant motor impairments, suggesting that different mechanisms of sensorimotor reorganization should be involved in CP depending on dominant side of motor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma 07122, Spain.
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231
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Cheng FPH, Großbach M, Altenmüller EO. Altered sensory feedbacks in pianist's dystonia: the altered auditory feedback paradigm and the glove effect. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 7:868. [PMID: 24381552 PMCID: PMC3865372 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the effect of altered auditory feedback (AAF) in musician's dystonia (MD) and discusses whether AAF can be considered as a sensory trick in MD. Furthermore, the effect of AAF is compared with altered tactile feedback, which can serve as a sensory trick in several other forms of focal dystonia. Methods: The method is based on scale analysis (Jabusch et al., 2004). Experiment 1 employs synchronization paradigm: 12 MD patients and 25 healthy pianists had to repeatedly play C-major scales in synchrony with a metronome on a MIDI-piano with three auditory feedback conditions: (1) normal feedback; (2) no feedback; (3) constant delayed feedback. Experiment 2 employs synchronization-continuation paradigm: 12 MD patients and 12 healthy pianists had to repeatedly play C-major scales in two phases: first in synchrony with a metronome, secondly continue the established tempo without the metronome. There are four experimental conditions, among them three are the same AAF as in Experiment 1 and 1 is related to altered tactile sensory input. The coefficient of variation of inter-onset intervals of the key depressions was calculated to evaluate fine motor control. Results: In both experiments, the healthy controls and the patients behaved very similarly. There is no difference in the regularity of playing between the two groups under any condition, and neither did AAF nor did altered tactile feedback have a beneficial effect on patients' fine motor control. Conclusions: The results of the two experiments suggest that in the context of our experimental designs, AAF and altered tactile feedback play a minor role in motor coordination in patients with musicians' dystonia. We propose that altered auditory and tactile feedback do not serve as effective sensory tricks and may not temporarily reduce the symptoms of patients suffering from MD in this experimental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia P-H Cheng
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Großbach
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Eckart O Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media Hannover, Germany
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Bank P, van Rooijen D, Marinus J, Reilmann R, van Hilten J. Force modulation deficits in complex regional pain syndrome: A potential role for impaired sense of force production. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1013-23. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J.M. Bank
- Department of Neurology; Leiden University Medical Center; The Netherlands
- Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - D.E. van Rooijen
- Department of Neurology; Leiden University Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - J. Marinus
- Department of Neurology; Leiden University Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - R. Reilmann
- Department of Neurology; University Clinic Muenster (UKM), Westfaelische-Wilhelms-University Muenster; Germany
- George-Huntington-Institute; Muenster Germany
| | - J.J. van Hilten
- Department of Neurology; Leiden University Medical Center; The Netherlands
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233
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Chong RK, Adams K, Fenton K, Gibson M, Hodges K, Horne J, Kirby J, Raisor A, Steiner K, Do MC, Wakade C. Postural adaptation to a slow sensorimotor set-changing task in Parkinson's disease1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2466/15.26.cp.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Movement disorders, which include disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Tourette's syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and akathisia, have traditionally been considered to be disorders of impaired motor control resulting predominantly from dysfunction of the basal ganglia. This notion has been revised largely because of increasing recognition of associated behavioural, psychiatric, autonomic, and other non-motor symptoms. The sensory aspects of movement disorders include intrinsic sensory abnormalities and the effects of external sensory input on the underlying motor abnormality. The basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and their connections, coupled with altered sensory input, seem to play a key part in abnormal sensorimotor integration. However, more investigation into the phenomenology and physiological basis of sensory abnormalities, and about the role of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and related structures in somatosensory processing, and its effect on motor control, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neepa Patel
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
AbstractSomatosensory pathways and cortices contribute to the control of human movement. In humans, non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques to promote plasticity within somatosensory pathways and cortices have revealed potent effects on the neurophysiology within motor cortices. In this mini-review, we present evidence to indicate that somatosensory cortex is positioned to influence motor cortical circuits and as such, is an ideal target for plasticity approaches that aim to alter motor physiology and behavior in clinical populations.
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Boyd JT, Fries TJ, Nagle KJ, Hamill RW. A novel presentation of an ocular geste antagoniste in cervical dystonia: a case report. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2013; 3:tre-03-199-4624-1. [PMID: 24386606 PMCID: PMC3849767 DOI: 10.7916/d8416vsj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A geste antagoniste or sensory trick is a well described phenomenon associated with primary cervical dystonia. Craniocervical tactile stimulation or stereotyped limb movements allow patients to transiently ameliorate dystonic activation of cervical musculature. CASE REPORT We report a patient with primary cervical dystonia who presented with a novel "ocular" geste antagoniste. Through a sensory trick of tonic left eye deviation, the patient transiently reduces cervical dystonic activity (improved range of motion and reduced dystonic tremor). Multi-channel surface electromyography and video are used to illustrate these findings. DISCUSSION This case presents a unique clinical observation of specific voluntary eye movements attenuating cervical dystonia. The phenomenon is phenotypically consistent with previously described limb sensorimotor tricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Boyd
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Fries
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Keith J. Nagle
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Hamill
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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237
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Task specific grip force control in writer's cramp. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:786-797. [PMID: 24239452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Writer's cramp is defined as a task specific focal dystonia generating hypertonic muscle co-contractions during handwriting resulting in impaired writing performance and exaggerated finger force. However, little is known about the generalisation of grip force across tasks others than writing. The aim of the study was to directly compare regulation of grip forces during handwriting with force regulation in other fine-motor tasks in patients and control subjects. METHODS Handwriting, lifting and cyclic movements of a grasped object were investigated in 21 patients and 14 controls. The applied forces were registered in all three tasks and compared between groups and tasks. In addition, task-specific measures of fine-motor skill were assessed. RESULTS As expected, patients generated exaggerated forces during handwriting compared to control subjects. However there were no statistically significant group differences during lifting and cyclic movements. The control group revealed a generalisation of grip forces across manual tasks whereas in patients there was no such correlation. CONCLUSION We conclude that increased finger forces during handwriting are a task-specific phenomenon that does not necessarily generalise to other fine-motor tasks. SIGNIFICANCE Force control of patients with writer's cramp in handwriting and other fine-motor tasks is characterised by individualised control strategies.
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239
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Bank PJ, Peper C(LE, Marinus J, Beek PJ, van Hilten JJ. Motor Dysfunction of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Is Related to Impaired Central Processing of Proprioceptive Information. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:1460-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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240
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Jankowski J, Paus S, Scheef L, Bewersdorff M, Schild HH, Klockgether T, Boecker H. Abnormal movement preparation in task-specific focal hand dystonia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78234. [PMID: 24167610 PMCID: PMC3805688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological and behavioral studies in primary dystonia suggest abnormalities during movement preparation, but this crucial phase preceding movement onset has not yet been studied specifically with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To identify abnormalities in brain activation during movement preparation, we used event-related fMRI to analyze behaviorally unimpaired sequential finger movements in 18 patients with task-specific focal hand dystonia (FHD) and 18 healthy subjects. Patients and controls executed self-initiated or externally cued prelearnt four-digit sequential movements using either right or left hands. In FHD patients, motor performance of the sequential finger task was not associated with task-related dystonic posturing and their activation levels during motor execution were highly comparable with controls. On the other hand reduced activation was observed during movement preparation in the FHD patients in left premotor cortex / precentral gyrus for all conditions, and for self-initiation additionally in supplementary motor area, left mid-insula and anterior putamen, independent of effector side. Findings argue for abnormalities of early stages of motor control in FHD, manifesting during movement preparation. Since deficits map to regions involved in the coding of motor programs, we propose that task-specific dystonia is characterized by abnormalities during recruitment of motor programs: these do not manifest at the behavioral level during simple automated movements, however, errors in motor programs of complex movements established by extensive practice (a core feature of FHD), trigger the inappropriate movement patterns observed in task-specific dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Jankowski
- FE Funktionelle Neurobildgebung, Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Paus
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- FE Funktionelle Neurobildgebung, Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Malte Bewersdorff
- FE Funktionelle Neurobildgebung, Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans H. Schild
- Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- FE Funktionelle Neurobildgebung, Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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241
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Impaired automatic and unconscious motor processes in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2095. [PMID: 23807076 PMCID: PMC3695560 DOI: 10.1038/srep02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is increasingly recognized that voluntary movements are produced by an interaction between conscious and unconscious processes, the role of the latter in Parkinson's disease has received little attention to date. Here, we administered a subliminal masked prime task to 15 Parkinson's disease patients and 15 age-matched healthy elderly subjects. Compatibility effects were examined by manipulating the direction of the arrows and the interstimuli interval. Analysis of the positive compatibility effect revealed performance differences between the most and the least affected hand in Parkinson's disease patients. Additionally, patients did not show the same tendency toward a negative compatibility effect as compared to elderly controls. These novel findings provide evidence supporting the role of basal ganglia circuits in controlling the balance between automatic motor response facilitation and inhibition.
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242
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Jewers R, Staley D, Shady G. Sensory Processing Differences in Children Diagnosed With Tourette's Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/0164212x.2013.848397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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243
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Melgari J, Zappasodi F, Porcaro C, Tomasevic L, Cassetta E, Rossini P, Tecchio F. Movement-induced uncoupling of primary sensory and motor areas in focal task-specific hand dystonia. Neuroscience 2013; 250:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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244
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Avanzino L, Pelosin E, Martino D, Abbruzzese G. Motor timing deficits in sequential movements in Parkinson disease are related to action planning: a motor imagery study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75454. [PMID: 24086534 PMCID: PMC3781049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Timing of sequential movements is altered in Parkinson disease (PD). Whether timing deficits in internally generated sequential movements in PD depends also on difficulties in motor planning, rather than merely on a defective ability to materially perform the planned movement is still undefined. To unveil this issue, we adopted a modified version of an established test for motor timing, i.e. the synchronization–continuation paradigm, by introducing a motor imagery task. Motor imagery is thought to involve mainly processes of movement preparation, with reduced involvement of end-stage movement execution-related processes. Fourteen patients with PD and twelve matched healthy volunteers were asked to tap in synchrony with a metronome cue (SYNC) and then, when the tone stopped, to keep tapping, trying to maintain the same rhythm (CONT-EXE) or to imagine tapping at the same rhythm, rather than actually performing it (CONT-MI). We tested both a sub-second and a supra-second inter-stimulus interval between the cues. Performance was recorded using a sensor-engineered glove and analyzed measuring the temporal error and the interval reproduction accuracy index. PD patients were less accurate than healthy subjects in the supra-second time reproduction task when performing both continuation tasks (CONT-MI and CONT-EXE), whereas no difference was detected in the synchronization task and on all tasks involving a sub-second interval. Our findings suggest that PD patients exhibit a selective deficit in motor timing for sequential movements that are separated by a supra-second interval and that this deficit may be explained by a defect of motor planning. Further, we propose that difficulties in motor planning are of a sufficient degree of severity in PD to affect also the motor performance in the supra-second time reproduction task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Martino
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Abbruzzese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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245
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Hsu WY, Kwan SY, Liao KK, Chen RS, Lin YY. Altered inhibitory modulation of somatosensory cortices in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1728-31. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Brain Science; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Laboratory; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yeong Kwan
- Department of Neurology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Kum Liao
- Department of Neurology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Institute of Brain Science; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Laboratory; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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246
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Rozanski VE, Vollmar C, Cunha JP, Tafula SMN, Ahmadi SA, Patzig M, Mehrkens JH, Bötzel K. Connectivity patterns of pallidal DBS electrodes in focal dystonia: a diffusion tensor tractography study. Neuroimage 2013; 84:435-42. [PMID: 24045076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal pallidal segment (GPi: globus pallidus internus) is gold standard treatment for medically intractable dystonia, but detailed knowledge of mechanisms of action is still not available. There is evidence that stimulation of ventral and dorsal GPi produces opposite motor effects. The aim of this study was to analyse connectivity profiles of ventral and dorsal GPi. Probabilistic tractography was initiated from DBS electrode contacts in 8 patients with focal dystonia and connectivity patterns compared. We found a considerable difference in anterior-posterior distribution of fibres along the mesial cortical sensorimotor areas between the ventral and dorsal GPi connectivity. This finding of distinct GPi connectivity profiles further confirms the clinical evidence that the ventral and dorsal GPi belong to different functional and anatomic motor subsystems. Their involvement could play an important role in promoting clinical DBS effects in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena E Rozanski
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich at Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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247
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How to detect the yips in golf. Hum Mov Sci 2013; 32:1270-87. [PMID: 24016710 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The yips is a multi-aetiological phenomenon that is characterized by an involuntary movement that can affect a golfer's putting performance. Diagnostics are crucial for a better understanding of what causes the yips but are still lacking. The purpose of the present study was therefore to identify sensitive methods for detecting the yips and evaluating its aetiology. Forty participants, 20 yips-affected golfers and 20 nonaffected golfers, completed a psychometric testing battery and performed a putting session in the laboratory. They answered questions about their golfing and yips experience and filled in standardized questionnaires measuring trait anxiety, perfectionism, stress-coping strategies, somatic complaints, and movement and decision reinvestment. In the laboratory, they had to putt in five different conditions that might elicit the yips: as usual with both arms, under pressure, with one (the dominant) arm, with a unihockey racket, and with latex gloves. Measures included putting performance, situational anxiety, kinematic parameters of the putter, electromyography of the arm muscles, and electrocardiography. The groups were separated only by putting performance and kinematic parameters when putting with the dominant arm. Future research should use kinematics to investigate the aetiology of the yips and possible interventions.
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248
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Udupa K, Chen R. Motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2013; 4:128. [PMID: 24027555 PMCID: PMC3761292 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), there are alterations of the basal ganglia (BG) thalamocortical networks, primarily due to degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. These changes in subcortical networks lead to plastic changes in primary motor cortex (M1), which mediates cortical motor output and is a potential target for treatment of PD. Studies investigating the motor cortical plasticity using non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have found altered plasticity in PD, but there are inconsistencies among these studies. This is likely because plasticity depends on many factors such as the extent of dopaminergic loss and disease severity, response to dopaminergic replacement therapies, development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID), the plasticity protocol used, medication, and stimulation status in patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). The influences of LID and DBS on BG and M1 plasticity have been explored in animal models and in PD patients. In addition, many other factors such age, genetic factors (e.g., brain derived neurotropic factor and other neurotransmitters or receptors polymorphism), emotional state, time of the day, physical fitness have been documented to play role in the extent of plasticity induced by TMS in human studies. In this review, we summarize the studies that investigated M1 plasticity in PD and demonstrate how these afore-mentioned factors affect motor cortical plasticity in PD. We conclude that it is important to consider the clinical, demographic, and technical factors that influence various plasticity protocols while developing these protocols as diagnostic or prognostic tools in PD. We also discuss how the modulation of cortical excitability and the plasticity with these non-invasive brain stimulation techniques facilitate the understanding of the pathophysiology of PD and help design potential therapeutic possibilities in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviraja Udupa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada
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249
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Ringel LE, Basken JN, Grant LM, Ciucci MR. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonism effects on rat ultrasonic vocalizations. Behav Brain Res 2013; 252:252-9. [PMID: 23764460 PMCID: PMC3742589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Voice disorders manifest in the early stages of Parkinson disease (PD), suggesting the vulnerability of the laryngeal sensorimotor system to mild alterations in dopamine signaling. Previous research has demonstrated that manipulations of central dopamine result in acoustic changes in rat ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and selective manipulation of receptor subtypes results in dose dependent changes in call rate and complexity. However, no study has specifically focused on the influence of dopamine receptor subtypes on acoustic features of USV production. This study examined the influence of D1 and D2 receptor subtypes on voluntary laryngeal sensorimotor control (USV) and gross whole-body involvement. Rat USV acoustics and catalepsy descent time were analyzed following the administration of selective D1 and D2 receptor antagonists in isolation and in combination, and a vehicle control. Results support the hypothesis that degradations of the acoustic signal would be most severe following combined receptor antagonism (D1+D2) compared with D1 or D2 receptor antagonism alone, and the vehicle (saline) condition. In addition, results indicate that selective D1 receptor antagonism alters acoustic parameters to a greater extent than D2 receptor antagonism. Thus, dopamine receptor subtypes appear to influence acoustic parameters to different degrees. Catalepsy descent time was longest following combined dopamine receptor antagonism but was also significantly increased with selective D1 or D2 antagonism. Together, these results support the potentially different contributions receptor subtypes play in cranial and limb sensorimotor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Ringel
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706 United States
| | - Jaime N Basken
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706 United States
| | - Laura M Grant
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706 United States
- Department of Surgery - Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, K4/7 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 United States
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706 United States
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250
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Wagle Shukla A, Moro E, Gunraj C, Lozano A, Hodaie M, Lang A, Chen R. Long-term subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves sensorimotor integration and proprioception. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:1020-8. [PMID: 23616568 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensorimotor integration is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and long latency afferent inhibition (LAI) measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure sensorimotor integration. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been found to restore these abnormalities, but the time course of these changes is not known. We prospectively evaluated the short-term and long-term effects of STN DBS on SAI, LAI and proprioception. We hypothesised plasticity changes induced by chronic stimulation are necessary to normalise sensorimotor integration and proprioception. METHODS Patients with PD were studied preoperatively, at 1 month and more than 6 months postoperatively. SAI was tested with median nerve stimulation to the wrist preceding TMS pulse to motor cortex by ~20 ms and LAI by 200 ms. Proprioception (distance and spatial errors) in the arm was quantitatively assessed. For postoperative assessments, patients were studied in the medication-off/stimulator-off, medication-off/stimulator-on, medication-on/stimulator-off and medication-on/stimulator-on conditions. RESULTS 11 patients with PD and 10 controls were enrolled. Preoperatively, SAI and proprioception was abnormal during the medication-on conditions and LAI was reduced regardless of the medication status. STN DBS had no significant effect on SAI, LAI and proprioception at 1 month. However, at 6 months SAI, LAI and distance errors were normalised in the medication-on/stimulator-on condition. Spatial error was normalised with DBS on and off. CONCLUSIONS Chronic STN DBS in PD normalises sensorimotor integration and proprioception, likely through long-term plastic changes in the basal ganglia thalamocortical circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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