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Transcriptomic Changes in Rat Cortex and Brainstem After Cortical Spreading Depression With or Without Pretreatment With Migraine Prophylactic Drugs. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:366-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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202
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Keshavarz R, Bakhshinejad B, Babashah S, Baghi N, Sadeghizadeh M. Dendrosomal nanocurcumin and p53 overexpression synergistically trigger apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 19:1353-1362. [PMID: 28096969 PMCID: PMC5220242 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2016.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Glioblastoma is the most lethal tumor of the central nervous system. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous delivery of p53 and a nanoformulation of curcumin called dendrosomal curcumin (DNC), alone and in combination, on glioblastoma tumor cells. Materials and Methods: MTT assay was exploited to measure the viability of U87-MG cells against DNC treatment. Cells were separately subjected to DNC treatment and transfected with p53-containing vector and then were co-exposed to DNC and p53 overexpression[A GA1][B2]. Annexin-V-FLUOS staining followed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR were applied to examine apoptosis and analyze the expression levels of the genes involved in cell cycle and oncogenesis, respectively. Results: The results of cell viability assay through MTT indicated that DNC inhibits the proliferation of U87-MG cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis evaluation revealed that p53 overexpression accompanied by DNC treatment can act in a synergistic manner to significantly enhance the number of apoptotic cells (90%) compared with their application alone (15% and 38% for p53 overexpression and DNC, respectively). Also, real-time PCR data showed that the concomitant exposure of cells to both DNC and p53 overexpression leads to an enhanced expression of GADD45 and a reduced expression of NF-κB and c-Myc. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that our combination strategy, which merges two detached gene (p53) and drug (curcumin) delivery systems into an integrated platform, may represent huge potential as a novel and efficient modality for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Keshavarz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Baghi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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203
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Augustin I, Dewi DL, Hundshammer J, Erdmann G, Kerr G, Boutros M. Autocrine Wnt regulates the survival and genomic stability of embryonic stem cells. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/461/eaah6829. [PMID: 28074006 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. The secretion of Wnt ligands requires Evi (also known as Wls). Genetically ablating Evi provides an experimental approach to studying the consequence of depleting all redundant Wnt proteins, and overexpressing Evi enables a nonspecific means of increasing Wnt signaling. We generated Evi-deficient and Evi-overexpressing mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to analyze the role of autocrine Wnt production in self-renewal and differentiation. Self-renewal was reduced in Evi-deficient ESCs and increased in Evi-overexpressing ESCs in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor, which supports the self-renewal of ESCs. The differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes was enhanced when Evi was overexpressed and teratoma formation and growth of Evi-deficient ESCs in vivo were impaired, indicating that autocrine Wnt ligands were necessary for ESC differentiation and survival. ESCs lacking autocrine Wnt signaling had mitotic defects and showed genomic instability. Together, our study demonstrates that autocrine Wnt secretion is important for the survival, chromosomal stability, differentiation, and tumorigenic potential of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Augustin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Dyah L Dewi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hundshammer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Gerrit Erdmann
- NMI TT Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut Technologie Transfer GmbH Pharmaservices, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Grainne Kerr
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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204
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Pang C, Shi L, Sheng Y, Zheng Z, Wei H, Wang Z, Ji L. Caffeic acid attenuated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting ERK1/2-mediated early growth response-1 transcriptional activation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:186-195. [PMID: 27720869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is a natural compound abundant in fruits, coffee and plants. This study aims to investigate the involved mechanism of the therapeutic detoxification of CA against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. CA (10, 30 mg/kg) was orally given to mice at 1 h after mice were pre-administrated with APAP (300 mg/kg). The therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was observed by detecting serum aminotransferases, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) amount and liver histological evaluation in vivo. CA reduced APAP-induced increase in the mRNA expression of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in hepatocytes, and inhibited APAP-induced Egr1 transcriptional activation in vitro and in vivo. CA reduced the increased expression of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (Gadd45)α induced by APAP in hepatocytes. Moreover, Egr1 siRNA reduced Gadd45α expression and reversed APAP-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Further results showed that CA blocked APAP-induced activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling cascade in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the application of ERK1/2 inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) abrogated the nuclear translocation of Egr1 induced by APAP in hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced liver injury, and the inhibition of CA on ERK1/2-mediated Egr1 transcriptional activation was involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Wei
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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205
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Yang P, Wen H, Zhong T, Hu H, Zhu B, Xia K, Xu M, Bian M. GADD45α is involved in the apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by riboflavin and ultraviolet light. Transfusion 2016; 57:646-656. [PMID: 27905125 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin plus ultraviolet (UV) pathogen reduction technology (RF-PRT) is an effective method for inactivating the residual white blood cells (WBCs) in blood components. The RF-PRT system for platelets is known to activate many signaling pathways, including p38 and NF-κB. Nevertheless, proteomic studies in WBCs after riboflavin plus UV treatment requires further analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS ABO/D-matched lymphocytes were pooled, split, and treated with RF-PRT or UV light or left untreated. After treatment, cell apoptosis was measured. In addition, cell proliferation and the cycle distribution were evaluated upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The changes in the protein expression levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD)45α, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were determined by Western blotting. The effect of GADD45α, p38, and JNK on apoptosis was assessed. RESULTS RF-PRT significantly inhibited proliferation and induced G1 arrest in lymphocytes. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in RF-PRT-treated lymphocytes compared to UV-treated cells or untreated cells, associated with the up regulation of GADD45α expression. Consistent with these observations, the inhibition of GADD45α expression partially counteracted the effects of riboflavin plus UV treatment. The p38 and JNK signaling pathways were activated by GADD45α in RF-PRT-treated lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed that RF-PRT effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by promoting GADD45α expression, which subsequently activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Huiqin Wen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bangqiang Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kang Xia
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Maohong Bian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
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206
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Jia M, Zhu M, Zhou F, Wang M, Sun M, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang J, Jin L, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Chang J, Wei Q. Genetic variants of JNK and p38α pathways and risk of non-small cell lung cancer in an Eastern Chinese population. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:807-817. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Oncology; Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Pathology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Xuhui, Shanghai China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Medicine; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC
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207
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Lowe JM, Nguyen TA, Grimm SA, Gabor KA, Peddada SD, Li L, Anderson CW, Resnick MA, Menendez D, Fessler MB. The novel p53 target TNFAIP8 variant 2 is increased in cancer and offsets p53-dependent tumor suppression. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:181-191. [PMID: 27834950 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is a stress-response gene that has been associated with cancer, but no studies have differentiated among or defined the regulation or function of any of its several recently described expression variants. We found that TNFAIP8 variant 2 (v2) is overexpressed in multiple human cancers, whereas other variants are commonly downregulated in cancer (v1) or minimally expressed in cancer or normal tissue (v3-v6). Silencing v2 in cancer cells induces p53-independent inhibition of DNA synthesis, widespread binding of p53, and induction of target genes and p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and DNA damage sensitization. Cell cycle arrest induced by v2 silencing requires p53-dependent induction of p21. In response to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, p53 regulates v2 through binding to an intragenic enhancer, together indicating that p53 and v2 engage in complex reciprocal regulation. We propose that TNFAIP8 v2 promotes human cancer by broadly repressing p53 function, in essence offsetting p53-dependent tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Lowe
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thuy-Ai Nguyen
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kristin A Gabor
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carl W Anderson
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael A Resnick
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Daniel Menendez
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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208
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Feuer S, Liu X, Donjacour A, Simbulan R, Maltepe E, Rinaudo P. Common and specific transcriptional signatures in mouse embryos and adult tissues induced by in vitro procedures. Reproduction 2016; 153:REP-16-0473. [PMID: 27799627 PMCID: PMC5411347 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stressful environmental exposures incurred early in development can affect postnatal metabolic health and susceptibility to non-communicable diseases in adulthood, although the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. Here we use a mouse model to investigate how assorted in vitro exposures restricted exclusively to the preimplantation period affect transcription both acutely in embryos and long-term in subsequent offspring adult tissues, to determine if reliable transcriptional markers of in vitro stress are present at specific developmental time points and throughout development. Each in vitro fertilization or embryo culture environment led to a specific and unique blastocyst transcriptional profile, but we identified a common 18-gene and 9-pathway signature of preimplantation embryo manipulation that was present in all in vitro embryos irrespective of culture condition or method of fertilization. This fingerprint did not persist throughout development and there was no clear transcriptional cohesion between adult IVF offspring tissues or compared to their preceding embryos, indicating a tissue-specific impact of in vitro stress on gene expression. However, the transcriptional changes present in each IVF tissue were targeted by the same upstream transcriptional regulators, which provide insight as to how acute transcriptional responses to stressful environmental exposures might be preserved throughout development to influence adult gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky Feuer
- S Feuer, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- X Liu, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Annemarie Donjacour
- A Donjacour, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Rhodel Simbulan
- R Simbulan, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- E Maltepe, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Paolo Rinaudo
- P Rinaudo, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94115, United States
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209
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Prediction of pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of a 4-phenylcoumarin isolated from geopropolis: In silico and in vitro approaches. Toxicol Lett 2016; 263:6-10. [PMID: 27773722 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In silico and in vitro methodologies have been used as important tools in the drug discovery process, including from natural sources. The aim of this study was to predict pharmacokinetic and toxicity (ADME/Tox) properties of a coumarin isolated from geopropolis using in silico and in vitro approaches. Cinnamoyloxy-mammeisin (CNM) isolated from Brazilian M. scutellaris geopropolis was evaluated for its pharmacokinetic parameters by in silico models (ACD/Percepta™ and MetaDrug™ software). Genotoxicity was assessed by in vitro DNA damage signaling PCR array. CNM did not pass all parameters of Lipinski's rule of five, with a predicted low oral bioavailability and high plasma protein binding, but with good predicted blood brain barrier penetration. CNM was predicted to show low affinity to cytochrome P450 family members. Furthermore, the predicted Ames test indicated potential mutagenicity of CNM. Also, the probability of toxicity for organs and tissues was classified as moderate and high for liver and kidney, and moderate and low for skin and eye irritation, respectively. The PCR array analysis showed that CNM significantly upregulated about 7% of all DNA damage-related genes. By exploring the biological function of these genes, it was found that the predicted CNM genotoxicity is likely to be mediated by apoptosis. The predicted ADME/Tox profile suggests that external use of CNM may be preferable to systemic exposure, while its genotoxicity was characterized by the upregulation of apoptosis-related genes after treatment. The combined use of in silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate these parameters generated useful hypotheses to guide further preclinical studies.
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210
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Kalluri HSG, Kuo JS, Dempsey RJ. Effect of D609 on the expression of GADD45β protein: Potential inhibitory role in the growth of glioblastoma cancer stem like cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:510-517. [PMID: 27658347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GADD45β (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage inducible protein) is a stress activated protein which plays an important role in regulating apoptosis, proliferation, DNA repair and potentially may have a role in cancer. In this study we examined the role of anti-oxidative stress on the expression of GADD45β in glioma stem-like cells (GSC). We show that patient derived GSCs have high survival in the absence of exogenous growth factors. Addition of D609 (Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate), a known anti-oxidative compound, to GSCs reduced the cellular ATP content with significant effects observed when GSCs were cultured in growth factor free medium. D609 exposure also resulted in a decrease in the protein and an increase in mRNA of GADD45β with a concomitant decline in the survival of cells. However, under similar conditions the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase (stress activated MAP kinase), a downstream target of GADD45β, was significantly enhanced in response to D609. Therefore it appears that GADD45β might play a role in glioma stem cell survival and that p38 MAP kinase may not be directly activated by GADD45β. Together these observations suggest that anti-oxidative compounds like D609 can target GADD45β which may be one strategy to curtail the growth of glioma stem like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haviryaji S G Kalluri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America.
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
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211
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The immune receptor Trem1 cooperates with diminished DNA damage response to induce preleukemic stem cell expansion. Leukemia 2016; 31:423-433. [PMID: 27568523 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with extremely high risk of leukemic transformation. Here we investigate the relationship between DNA damage response (DDR) and leukemogenesis using the Fanca knockout mouse model. We found that chronic exposure of the Fanca-/- hematopoietic stem cells to DNA crosslinking agent mitomycin C in vivo leads to diminished DDR, and the emergence/expansion of pre-leukemia stem cells (pre-LSCs). Surprisingly, although genetic correction of Fanca deficiency in the pre-LSCs restores DDR and reduces genomic instability, but fails to prevent pre-LSC expansion or delay leukemia development in irradiated recipients. Furthermore, we identified transcription program underlying dysregulated DDR and cell migration, myeloid proliferation, and immune response in the Fanca-/- pre-LSCs. Forced expression of the downregulated DNA repair genes, Rad51c or Trp53i13, in the Fanca-/- pre-LSCs partially rescues DDR but has no effect on leukemia, whereas shRNA knockdown of the upregulated immune receptor genes Trem1 or Pilrb improves leukemia-related survival, but not DDR or genomic instability. Furthermore, Trem1 cooperates with diminished DDR in vivo to promote Fanca-/- pre-LSC expansion and leukemia development. Our study implicates diminishing DDR as a root cause of FA leukemogenesis, which subsequently collaborates with other signaling pathways for leukemogenic transformation.
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212
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Yang TC, Wu PC, Chung IF, Jiang JH, Fann MJ, Kao LS. Cell death caused by the synergistic effects of zinc and dopamine is mediated by a stress sensor gene Gadd45b - implication in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2016; 139:120-33. [PMID: 27385273 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not completely understood, Zinc (Zn(2+) ) and dopamine (DA) have been shown to involve in the degeneration of dopaminergic cells. By microarray analysis, we identified Gadd45b as a candidate molecule that mediates Zn(2+) and DA-induced cell death; the mRNA and protein levels of Gadd45b are increased by Zn(2+) treatment and raised to an even higher level by Zn(2+) plus DA treatment. Zn(2+) plus DA treatment-induced PC12 cell death was enhanced when there was over-expression of Gadd45b and was decreased by knock down of Gadd45b. MAPK p38 and JNK signaling was able to cross-talk with Gadd45b during Zn(2+) and DA treatment. The synergistic effects of Zn(2+) and DA on PC12 cell death can be accounted for by an activation of the Gadd45b-induced cell death pathway and an inhibition of p38/JNK survival pathway. Furthermore, the in vivo results show that the levels of Gadd45b protein expression and phosphorylation of p38 were increased in the substantia nigra by the infusion of Zn(2+) /DA in the mouse brain and the level of Gadd45b mRNA is significantly higher in the substantia nigra of male PD patients than normal controls. The novel role of Gadd45b and its interactions with JNK and p38 will help our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD and help the development of future treatments for PD. Zinc and dopamine are implicated in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. We previously demonstrated that zinc and dopamine induced synergistic effects on PC12 cell death. Results from this study show that these synergistic effects can be accounted for by activation of the Gadd45b-induced cell death pathway and inhibition of the p38/JNK survival pathway. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence to support a novel role for Gadd45b in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Chun Yang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Wu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Fang Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ji Fann
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Sen Kao
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bullard SA, Seo S, Schilling B, Dyle MC, Dierdorff JM, Ebert SM, DeLau AD, Gibson BW, Adams CM. Gadd45a Protein Promotes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Forming a Complex with the Protein Kinase MEKK4. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17496-17509. [PMID: 27358404 PMCID: PMC5016147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a serious and highly prevalent condition that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Previous work found that skeletal muscle atrophy involves an increase in skeletal muscle Gadd45a expression, which is necessary and sufficient for skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. However, the direct mechanism by which Gadd45a promotes skeletal muscle atrophy was unknown. To address this question, we biochemically isolated skeletal muscle proteins that associate with Gadd45a as it induces atrophy in mouse skeletal muscle fibers in vivo. We found that Gadd45a interacts with multiple proteins in skeletal muscle fibers, including, most prominently, MEKK4, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that was not previously known to play a role in skeletal muscle atrophy. Furthermore, we found that, by forming a complex with MEKK4 in skeletal muscle fibers, Gadd45a increases MEKK4 protein kinase activity, which is both sufficient to induce skeletal muscle fiber atrophy and required for Gadd45a-mediated skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. Together, these results identify a direct biochemical mechanism by which Gadd45a induces skeletal muscle atrophy and provide new insight into the way that skeletal muscle atrophy occurs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bullard
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246
| | - Seongjin Seo
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Birgit Schilling
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, and
| | - Michael C Dyle
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246.,Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa 52241
| | - Jason M Dierdorff
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246
| | - Scott M Ebert
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246.,Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa 52241
| | - Austin D DeLau
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246
| | - Bradford W Gibson
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, and.,the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Christopher M Adams
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, .,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246.,Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa 52241
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214
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Jiang X, An Z, Lu C, Chen Y, Du E, Qi S, Yang K, Zhang Z, Xu Y. The protective role of Nrf2-Gadd45b against antimony-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Toxicol Lett 2016; 256:11-8. [PMID: 27208483 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is one of the most prevalent heavy metals and frequently causes biological toxicity. However, the specific mechanisms by which Sb elicits its toxic effects remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) caused a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells, and Sb2O3-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) was closely correlated with increased cell apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation manifested that nuclear factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and nuclear translocation were significantly induced under Sb2O3 treatment in HEK293 cells, and Nrf2 knockdown aggregated Sb2O3-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, elevated Gadd45b expression actives the phosphorylation of MAPKs upon Sb2O3 exposure, whereas Gadd45b knockdown diminished Sb2O3-induced activation of MAPKs and promoted cell apoptosis. In the meantime, however, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was found to ameliorate Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation as well as Gadd45b expression and MAPKs activation by repressing Sb2O3-induced ROS production. More importantly, we found Gadd45b was transcriptionally enhanced by Nrf2 through binding to three canonical antioxidant response elements (AREs) within its promoter region. Either Sb2O3 or TBHQ (a selective Nrf2 activator) treatment, Gadd45b expression was significantly increased by luciferase assay. Nrf2 inhibition greatly diminished Gadd45b expression due to reduced binding of Nrf2 in Gadd45b promoter under Sb2O3 treatment. To summarize, this study demonstrated the Nrf2-Gadd45b signaling axis exhibited a protective role in Sb-induced cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkang Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zesheng An
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - E Du
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Shiyong Qi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China.
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215
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Xiao JL, Meng JH, Gan YH, Li YL, Zhou CY, Ma XC. DNA methylation profiling in different phases of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:105-15. [PMID: 27127843 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a complex disease with strong genetic and epigenetic components in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA methylation in mandibular head cartilage in different phases of experimentally-induced TMJOA in rats. DESIGN DNA methylation was evaluated using microarrays in the mandibular head cartilage of early, intermediate and late stage experimentally-induced TMJOA, and of the normal age-matched control groups. Genes with differentially methylated CpG sites were analyzed to reveal the over-represented gene ontologies and pathways at different stages, and were compared with published expression profiles to assess their overlappings. The DNA methylation patterns of the target genes were validated by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation qPCR in additional independent cartilage samples and mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed 9489 differentially methylated regions between the TMJOA and controls. A total of 440 consistently altered genes were revealed in all three stages; most (80%) were hypomethylated and many were associated with cell cycle regulation. We also detected different DNA methylation changes in early and late stage TMJOA (Rearly=0.68, Rlate=0.47), while the differences between age-matched healthy cartilage were subtle. Strong inverse changes between methylation status and mRNA levels were confirmed in Adamts5, Chad, Cldn11 and Tnf. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveals dynamic DNA methylation patterns during the progression of TMJOA, with a different host of genes and pathways. The changes of cartilage DNA methylation patterns might contribute to understand the etiologic mechanisms of TMJOA epigenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Juan-Hong Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xu-Chen Ma
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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216
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Kim M, Baek HS, Lee M, Park H, Shin SS, Choi DW, Lim KM. Rhododenol and raspberry ketone impair the normal proliferation of melanocytes through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of GADD45. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:339-46. [PMID: 26867644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhododenol or rhododendrol (RD, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol) occurs naturally in many plants along with raspberry ketone (RK, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone), a ketone derivative, which include Nikko maple tree (Acer nikoense) and white birch (Betula platyphylla). De-pigmenting activity of RD was discovered and it was used as a brightening ingredient for the skin whitening cosmetics. Recently, cosmetics containing RD were withdrawn from the market because a number of consumers developed leukoderma, inflammation and erythema on their face, neck and hands. Here, we explored the mechanism underlying the toxicity of RD and RK against melanocytes using B16F10 murine melanoma cells and human primary epidermal melanocytes. Treatment with RD or RK resulted in the decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner which appeared from cell growth arrest. Consistently, ROS generation was significantly increased by RD or RK as determined by DCF-enhanced fluorescence. An antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase was depleted as well. In line with ROS generation, oxidative damages and the arrest of normal cell proliferation, GADD genes (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage) that include GADD45 and GADD153, were significantly up-regulated. Prevention of ROS generation with an anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly rescued RD and RK-suppressed melanocyte proliferation. Consistently, up-regulation of GADD45 and GADD153 was significantly attenuated by NAC, suggesting that increased ROS and the resultant growth arrest of melanocytes may contribute to RD and RK-induced leukoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Soo Baek
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Seok Shin
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Woong Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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217
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Giono LE, Nieto Moreno N, Cambindo Botto AE, Dujardin G, Muñoz MJ, Kornblihtt AR. The RNA Response to DNA Damage. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:2636-2651. [PMID: 26979557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms must ensure genome integrity to prevent accumulation of mutations, cell death, and cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex network that senses, signals, and executes multiple programs including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. This entails regulation of a variety of cellular processes: DNA replication and transcription, RNA processing, mRNA translation and turnover, and post-translational modification, degradation, and relocalization of proteins. Accumulated evidence over the past decades has shown that RNAs and RNA metabolism are both regulators and regulated actors of the DDR. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the many interactions between the DNA damage and RNA fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana E Giono
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Nieto Moreno
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián E Cambindo Botto
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gwendal Dujardin
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto R Kornblihtt
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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218
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Hong L, Sun QF, Xu TY, Wu YH, Zhang H, Fu RQ, Cai FJ, Zhou QQ, Zhou K, Du QW, Zhang D, Xu S, Ding JG. New role and molecular mechanism of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2779-2788. [PMID: 26973416 PMCID: PMC4778000 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway.
METHODS: Wild-type male BALB/c mice were treated with CCl4 to induce a model of chronic liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from the liver of BALB/c mice and were treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting Gadd45a or the pcDNA3.1-Gadd45a recombinant plasmid. Cellular α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), β-actin, type I collagen, phospho-Smad2, phospho-Smad3, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 were detected by Western blots. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, β-actin, and type I collagen were determined by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analyses. Reactive oxygen species production was monitored by flow cytometry using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Gadd45a, Gadd45b, anti-Gadd45g, type I collagen, and SMA local expression in liver tissue were measured by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Significant downregulation of Gadd45a, but not Gadd45b or Gadd45g, accompanied by activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways was detected in fibrotic liver tissues of mice and isolated HSCs with chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 treatment. Overexpression of Gadd45a reduced the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and α-SMA in HSCs, whereas transient knockdown of Gadd45a with siRNA reversed this process. Gadd45a inhibited the activity of a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter construct and (CAGA)9 MLP-Luc, an artificial Smad3/4-specific reporter, as well as reduced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. Gadd45a showed protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species and upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
CONCLUSION: Gadd45a may counteract hepatic fibrosis by regulating the activation of HSCs via the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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219
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The microRNA miR-148a functions as a critical regulator of B cell tolerance and autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:433-40. [PMID: 26901150 PMCID: PMC4803625 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive B cells have critical roles in a large diversity of autoimmune diseases, but the molecular pathways that control these cells remain poorly understood. We performed an in vivo functional screen of a lymphocyte-expressed microRNA library and identified miR-148a as a potent regulator of B cell tolerance. Elevated miR-148a expression impaired B cell tolerance by promoting the survival of immature B cells after engagement of the B cell antigen receptor by suppressing the expression of the autoimmune suppressor Gadd45α, the tumor suppressor PTEN and the pro-apoptotic protein Bim. Furthermore, increased expression of miR-148a, which occurs frequently in patients with lupus and lupus-prone mice, facilitated the development of lethal autoimmune disease in a mouse model of lupus. Our studies demonstrate a function for miR-148a as a regulator of B cell tolerance and autoimmunity.
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220
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Gadd45β ameliorates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:169-79. [PMID: 26875664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (L-DOPA) is currently the most efficacious pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term L-DOPA treatment leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in patients and animal models of PD. Recently, involvement of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45β (Gadd45β) was reported in neurological and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. However, little is known about the role of Gadd45β in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway or L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). To address this issue, we prepared an animal model of PD using unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the substantia nigra of Gadd45β(+/+) and Gadd45β(-/-) mice. Dyskinetic symptoms were triggered by repetitive administration of L-DOPA in these 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Whereas dopamine denervation in the dorsal striatum decreased Gadd45β mRNA, chronic L-DOPA treatment significantly increased Gadd45β mRNA expression in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum of wild-type mice. Using unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned Gadd45β(+/+) and Gadd45β(-/-) mice, we found that mice lacking Gadd45β exhibited long-lasting increases in AIMs following repeated administration of L-DOPA. By contrast, adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of Gadd45β in the striatum reduced AIMs in Gadd45β knockout mice. The deficiency of Gadd45β in LID increased expression of ΔFosB and c-Fos in the lesioned striatum 90 min after the last administration of L-DOPA following 11days of daily L-DOPA treatments. These data suggest that the increased expression of Gadd45β induced by repeated administration of L-DOPA may be beneficial in patients with PD.
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221
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GADD45α modulates curcumin sensitivity through c-Abl- and JNK-dependent signaling pathways in a mismatch repair-dependent manner. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 414:13-22. [PMID: 26833194 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a critical health concern because of its incidence as the third most prevalent cancer in the world. Currently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-thioguanine, and certain other genotoxic agents are mainstays of treatment; however, patients often die due to emergence of resistant population. Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from the dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an effective anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent. Previously, we reported that human colorectal cancer cell lines compromised for mismatch repair (MMR) function exhibit heightened sensitivity to curcumin due to sustained curcumin-induced unrepaired DNA damage compared to proficient population counterparts. In this report, we show that the protein levels of gadd45α, whose transcript levels are increased during DNA damage and stress signals, are upregulated following curcumin treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We further observed that cells compromised for Mlh1 function (HCT116 + Ch2) displayed ~twofold increased GADD45α upregulation compared to similarly treated proficient counterparts (HCT116 + Ch3). Similarly, suppression of Mlh1 using ShRNA increased GADD45α upregulation upon curcumin treatment. On the other hand, suppression of GADD45α using SiRNA-blocked curcumin-induced cell death induction in Mlh1-deficient cells. Moreover, inhibition of Abl through ST571 treatment and its downstream effector JNK through SP600125 treatment blocked GADD45α upregulation and cell death triggered by curcumin. Collective results lead us to conclude that GADD45α modulates curcumin sensitivity through activation of c-Abl > JNK signaling in a mismatch repair-dependent manner.
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222
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GADD45B mediates podocyte injury in zebrafish by activating the ROS-GADD45B-p38 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2068. [PMID: 26794661 PMCID: PMC4816163 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 gene has been implicated in cell cycle arrest, cell survival or apoptosis in a cell type specific and context-dependent manner. Members of GADD45 gene family have been found differentially expressed in several podocyte injury models, but their roles in podocytes are unclear. Using an in vivo zebrafish model of inducible podocyte injury that we have previously established, we found that zebrafish orthologs of gadd45b were induced upon the induction of podocyte injury. Podocyte-specific overexpression of zebrafish gadd45b exacerbated edema, proteinuria and foot-process effacement, whereas knockdown of gadd45b by morpholino-oligos in zebrafish larvae ameliorated podocyte injury. We then explored the role of GADD45B induction in podocyte injury using in vitro podocyte culture. We confirmed that GADD45B was significantly upregulated during the early phase of podocyte injury in cultured human podocytes and that podocyte apoptosis induced by TGF-β and puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) was aggravated by GADD45B overexpression but ameliorated by shRNA-mediated GADD45B knockdown. We also showed that ROS inhibitor NAC suppressed PAN-induced GADD45B expression and subsequent activation of p38 MAPK pathway in podocytes and that inhibition of GADD45B diminished PAN-induced p38 MAPK activation. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that GADD45B has an important role in podocyte injury and may be a therapeutic target for the management of podocyte injury in glomerular diseases.
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223
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Holt SH, Darash-Yahana M, Sohn YS, Song L, Karmi O, Tamir S, Michaeli D, Luo Y, Paddock ML, Jennings PA, Onuchic JN, Azad RK, Pikarsky E, Cabantchik IZ, Nechushtai R, Mittler R. Activation of apoptosis in NAF-1-deficient human epithelial breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:155-65. [PMID: 26621032 PMCID: PMC4732299 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.178293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining iron (Fe) ion and reactive oxygen species homeostasis is essential for cellular function, mitochondrial integrity and the regulation of cell death pathways, and is recognized as a key process underlying the molecular basis of aging and various diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor 1 (NAF-1; also known as CISD2) belongs to a newly discovered class of Fe-sulfur proteins that are localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been implicated in regulating homeostasis of Fe ions, as well as the activation of autophagy through interaction with BCL-2. Here we show that small hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated suppression of NAF-1 results in the activation of apoptosis in epithelial breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors. Suppression of NAF-1 resulted in increased uptake of Fe ions into cells, a metabolic shift that rendered cells more susceptible to a glycolysis inhibitor, and the activation of cellular stress pathways that are associated with HIF1α. Our studies suggest that NAF-1 is a major player in the metabolic regulation of breast cancer cells through its effects on cellular Fe ion distribution, mitochondrial metabolism and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Holt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Merav Darash-Yahana
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yang Sung Sohn
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Luhua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Ola Karmi
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sagi Tamir
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dorit Michaeli
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Mark L Paddock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patricia A Jennings
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - José N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics and Department of Physics, 239 Brockman Hall, 6100 Main Street-MS-61, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ioav Z Cabantchik
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Grozav A, Balacescu O, Balacescu L, Cheminel T, Berindan-Neagoe I, Therrien B. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Genome Profiling of Thiazolo Arene Ruthenium Complexes. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8475-90. [PMID: 26488797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen hydrazinyl-thiazolo arene ruthenium complexes of the general formula [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(N,N'-hydrazinyl-thiazolo)Cl]Cl were synthesized. All complexes were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activity on three tumor cell lines (HeLa, A2780, and A2780cisR) and on a noncancerous cell line (HFL-1). A superior cytotoxic activity of the ruthenium complexes as compared to cisplatin and oxaliplatin, on both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells, was observed. In addition, the biological activity of two selected derivatives was evaluated using microarray gene expression assay and ingenuity pathway analysis. p53 signaling was identified as an important pathway modulated by both arene ruthenium compounds. New activated molecules such as FAS, ZMAT3, PRMT2, BBC3/PUMA, and PDCD4, whose overexpressions are correlated with overcoming resistance to cisplatin therapy, were also identified as potential targets. Moreover, the arene ruthenium complexes can be used in association with cisplatin to prevent cisplatin resistance development and synergistically to induce cell death in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grozav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Victor Babes Str. 41, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta" , 34-36 Republicii Str, RO-400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta" , 34-36 Republicii Str, RO-400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Thomas Cheminel
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel , 51 Avenue de Bellevaux, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta" , 34-36 Republicii Str, RO-400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center of Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu″ University of Medicine and Pharmacy , 23 Marinescu Str, RO-400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel , 51 Avenue de Bellevaux, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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225
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Khan S, Fagerholm R, Rafiq S, Tapper W, Aittomäki K, Liu J, Blomqvist C, Eccles D, Nevanlinna H. Polymorphism at 19q13.41 Predicts Breast Cancer Survival Specifically after Endocrine Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4086-4096. [PMID: 25964295 PMCID: PMC4574404 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although most patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer benefit from endocrine therapies, a significant proportion do not. Our aim was to identify inherited genetic variations that might predict survival among patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a meta-analysis of two genome-wide studies; Helsinki Breast Cancer Study, 805 patients, with 240 receiving endocrine therapy and Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer, 536 patients, with 155 endocrine therapy patients, evaluating 486,478 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The top four associations from the endocrine treatment subgroup were further investigated in two independent datasets totaling 5,011 patients, with 3,485 receiving endocrine therapy. RESULTS A meta-analysis identified a common SNP rs8113308, mapped to 19q13.41, associating with reduced survival among endocrine-treated patients [hazard ratio (HR), 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37-2.07; P = 6.34 × 10(-7)] and improved survival among ER-negative patients, with a similar trend in ER-positive cases not receiving endocrine therapy. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for conventional prognostic factors, we found a significant interaction between the rs8113308 and endocrine treatment, indicating a predictive, treatment-specific effect of the SNP rs8113308 on breast cancer survival, with the per-allele HR for interaction 2.16 (95% CI, 1.30-3.60; Pinteraction = 0.003) and HR = 7.77 (95% CI, 0.93-64.71) for the homozygous genotype carriers. A biologic rationale is suggested by in silico functional analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest carrying the rs8113308 rare allele may identify patients who will not benefit from adjuvant endocrine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, UK
| | - William Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital and Genome Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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226
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Lucas A, Mialet-Perez J, Daviaud D, Parini A, Marber MS, Sicard P. Gadd45γ regulates cardiomyocyte death and post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:254-67. [PMID: 26370247 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Post-infarction remodelling is accompanied and influenced by perturbations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. The growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) proteins are small acidic proteins involved in DNA repair and modulation of MAPK activity. Little is known about the role of Gadd45 in the heart. Here, we explored the potential contribution of Gadd45 gamma (γ) isoform to the acute and late phase of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) and determined the mechanisms underlying Gadd45γ actions. METHODS AND RESULTS The Gadd45γ isoform is up-regulated in murine cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated ischaemia and in the mouse heart during MI. To mimic the situation observed during MI, we enhanced Gadd45γ content in cardiomyocytes with a single injection of an adeno-associated viral (AAV9) vector encoding Gadd45γ under the cTNT promoter. Gadd45γ overexpression induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, left ventricular dysfunction, and HF. On the other hand, genetic deletion of Gadd45γ in knockout mice confers resistance to ischaemic injury, at least in part by limiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, Gadd45γ activates receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and caspase-8 in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner to promote cardiomyocyte death. CONCLUSION This work is the first to demonstrate that Gadd45γ accumulation during MI promotes the development and persistence of HF by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. We clearly identify Gadd45γ as a therapeutic target in the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lucas
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Danièle Daviaud
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Michael S Marber
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pierre Sicard
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
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227
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CArG-driven GADD45α activated by resveratrol inhibits lung cancer cells. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:220-30. [PMID: 26124921 PMCID: PMC4482243 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report anticarcinogenic effects of suicide gene therapy that relies on the use of resveratrol-responsive CArG elements from the Egr-1 promoter to induce GADD45α. In A549 lung cancer cells, endogenous GADD45α was not induced upon resveratrol treatment. Therefore, induction of exogenous GADD45α resulted in growth inhibition. Resveratrol transiently induced Egr-1 through ERK/JNK-ElK-1. Hence, we cloned natural or synthetic Egr-1 promoter upstream of GADD45α cDNA to create a suicide gene therapy vector. Since natural promoter may have antagonized effects, we tested synthetic promoter that contains either five, six or nine repeats of CArG elements essential in the Egr-1 promoter to drive the expression of GADD45α upon resveratrol treatment. Further analysis confirmed that both synthetic promoter and natural Egr-1 promoter were able to “turn on” the expression of GADD45α when combined with resveratrol, and subsequently led to suppression of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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228
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Guerrero-Netro HM, Chorfi Y, Price CA. Effects of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on steroidogenesis and apoptosis in granulosa cells. Reproduction 2015; 149:555-61. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins can reduce fertility and development in livestock, notably in pigs and poultry, although the effect of most mycotoxins on reproductive function in cattle has not been established. One major mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), not only targets immune cells and activates the ribotoxic stress response (RSR) involving MAPK activation, but also inhibits oocyte maturation in pigs. In this study, we determined the effect of DON on bovine granulosa cell function using a serum-free culture system. Addition of DON inhibited estradiol and progesterone secretion, and reduced levels of mRNA encoding estrogenic (CYP19A1) but not progestogenic (CYP11A1 and STAR) proteins. Cell apoptosis was increased by DON, which also increased FASLG mRNA levels. The mechanism of action of DON was assessed by western blotting and PCR experiments. Addition of DON rapidly and transiently increased phosphorylation of MAPK3/1, and resulted in a more prolonged phosphorylation of MAPK14 (p38) and MAPK8 (JNK). Activation of these pathways by DON resulted in time- and dose-dependent increases in abundance of mRNA encoding the transcription factors FOS, FOSL1, EGR1, and EGR3. We conclude that DON is deleterious to granulosa cell function and acts through a RSR pathway.
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229
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Tung YC, Tsai ML, Kuo FL, Lai CS, Badmaev V, Ho CT, Pan MH. Se-Methyl-L-selenocysteine Induces Apoptosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Death Receptor Pathway in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma COLO 205 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5008-16. [PMID: 25943382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine (MSeC) are natural organoselenium compounds found in garlic, onion, and broccoli. In addition, these compounds have lower toxicity and better anticancer activities than inorganic Se. This study investigated the effects of MSeC treatment on the growth of COLO 205 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and evaluated the mechanisms related to the MSeC-induced effects. When COLO 205 cells were treated with 200 μM MSeC for 24 h, MSeC caused 80% apoptosis in cells. MSeC increased the expression of Fas and FasL, followed by the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8, DNA fragmentation factor (DFF45), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). MSeC also increased the levels of Bax protein and decreased the levels of Bid and Bcl-2 proteins. However, MSeC did not cause apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress but instead through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The cleavage of caspase-12 and caspase-9 was shown to increase the growth arrest and protein levels of DNA-damage inducible genes (GADD) 153 and 45. MSeC also downregulated the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT protein levels and upregulated the p38 and JNK protein levels in COLO 205 cells. These results showed that the mechanism by which MSeC induced apoptosis in COLO 205 cells involved caspase activation, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the regulation of ER-stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Tung
- †Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- ‡Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ling Kuo
- ‡Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- §Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vladimir Badmaev
- ∥American Medical Holdings Incorporated, 1440 Forest Hill Road, New York, New York 10314, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- †Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- §Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- ⊥Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- #Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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230
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Jain A, Samykutty A, Jackson C, Browning D, Bollag WB, Thangaraju M, Takahashi S, Singh SR. Curcumin inhibits PhIP induced cytotoxicity in breast epithelial cells through multiple molecular targets. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:122-31. [PMID: 26004342 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), found in cooked meat, is a known food carcinogen that causes several types of cancer, including breast cancer, as PhIP metabolites produce DNA adduct and DNA strand breaks. Curcumin, obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has potent anticancer activity. To date, no study has examined the interaction of PhIP with curcumin in breast epithelial cells. The present study demonstrates the mechanisms by which curcumin inhibits PhIP-induced cytotoxicity in normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Curcumin significantly inhibited PhIP-induced DNA adduct formation and DNA double stand breaks with a concomitant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The expression of Nrf2, FOXO targets; DNA repair genes BRCA-1, H2AFX and PARP-1; and tumor suppressor P16 was studied to evaluate the influence on these core signaling pathways. PhIP induced the expression of various antioxidant and DNA repair genes. However, co-treatment with curcumin inhibited this expression. PhIP suppressed the expression of the tumor suppressor P16 gene, whereas curcumin co-treatment increased its expression. Caspase-3 and -9 were slightly suppressed by curcumin with a consequent inhibition of cell death. These results suggest that curcumin appears to be an effective anti-PhIP food additive likely acting through multiple molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Jain
- Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, Georgia 31705, USA.
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, Georgia 31705, USA
| | - Carissa Jackson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, Georgia 31705, USA
| | - Darren Browning
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30904, USA
| | | | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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231
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Chen YK, Wang HC, Ho CT, Chen HY, Li S, Chan HL, Chung TW, Tan KT, Li YR, Lin CC. 5-Demethylnobiletin promotes the formation of polymerized tubulin, leads to G2/M phase arrest and induces autophagy via JNK activation in human lung cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:484-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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232
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Manku G, Culty M. Dynamic changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes in differentiating gonocytes and in seminomas. Asian J Androl 2015; 17:403-14. [PMID: 25677133 PMCID: PMC4430938 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.146101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an integral part of the spermatogenic process, necessary to maintain a proper ratio of Sertoli to germ cell numbers and provide an adequate microenvironment to germ cells. Apoptosis may also represent a protective mechanism mediating the elimination of abnormal germ cells. Extensive apoptosis occurs between the first and second postnatal weeks, at the point when gonocytes, precursors of spermatogonial stem cells, should have migrated toward the basement membrane of the tubules and differentiated into spermatogonia. The mechanisms regulating this process are not well-understood. Gonocytes undergo phases of proliferation, migration, and differentiation which occur in a timely and closely regulated manner. Gonocytes failing to migrate and differentiate properly undergo apoptosis. Inadequate gonocyte differentiation has been suggested to lead to testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) formation. Here, we examined the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes during gonocyte differentiation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, identifying 48 pro- and anti-apoptotic genes increased by at least two-fold in rat gonocytes induced to differentiate by retinoic acid, when compared to untreated gonocytes. Further analysis of the most highly expressed genes identified the pro-apoptotic genes Gadd45a and Cycs as upregulated in differentiating gonocytes and in spermatogonia compared with gonocytes. These genes were also significantly downregulated in seminomas, the most common type of TGCT, compared with normal human testicular tissues. These results indicate that apoptosis-related genes are actively regulated during gonocyte differentiation. Moreover, the down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes in seminomas suggests that they could represent new therapeutic targets in the treatment of TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Manku
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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233
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Ponsuksili S, Siengdee P, Du Y, Trakooljul N, Murani E, Schwerin M, Wimmers K. Identification of common regulators of genes in co-expression networks affecting muscle and meat properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123678. [PMID: 25875247 PMCID: PMC4397042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic contributions behind skeletal muscle composition and metabolism is of great interest in medicine and agriculture. Attempts to dissect these complex traits combine genome-wide genotyping, expression data analyses and network analyses. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) groups genes into modules based on patterns of co-expression, which can be linked to phenotypes by correlation analysis of trait values and the module eigengenes, i.e. the first principal component of a given module. Network hub genes and regulators of the genes in the modules are likely to play an important role in the emergence of respective traits. In order to detect common regulators of genes in modules showing association with meat quality traits, we identified eQTL for each of these genes, including the highly connected hub genes. Additionally, the module eigengene values were used for association analyses in order to derive a joint eQTL for the respective module. Thereby major sites of orchestrated regulation of genes within trait-associated modules were detected as hotspots of eQTL of many genes of a module and of its eigengene. These sites harbor likely common regulators of genes in the modules. We exemplarily showed the consistent impact of candidate common regulators on the expression of members of respective modules by RNAi knockdown experiments. In fact, Cxcr7 was identified and validated as a regulator of genes in a module, which is involved in the function of defense response in muscle cells. Zfp36l2 was confirmed as a regulator of genes of a module related to cell death or apoptosis pathways. The integration of eQTL in module networks enabled to interpret the differentially-regulated genes from a systems perspective. By integrating genome-wide genomic and transcriptomic data, employing co-expression and eQTL analyses, the study revealed likely regulators that are involved in the fine-tuning and synchronization of genes with trait-associated expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute for ‘Genome Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Puntita Siengdee
- Institute for ‘Genome Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Yang Du
- Institute for ‘Genome Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Institute for ‘Genome Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Institute for ‘Genome Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Schwerin
- Institute for ‘Genome Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute for ‘Genome Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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234
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Bjarnadottir O, Kimbung S, Johansson I, Veerla S, Jönsson M, Bendahl PO, Grabau D, Hedenfalk I, Borgquist S. Global Transcriptional Changes Following Statin Treatment in Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3402-11. [PMID: 25840970 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins purportedly exert antitumoral effects, but the underlying mechanisms are currently not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore potential statin-induced effects on global gene expression profiles in primary breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This window-of-opportunity phase II trial enrolled 50 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients prescribed atorvastatin (80 mg/day) for 2 weeks presurgically. Pre- and posttreatment tumor samples were analyzed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) to identify differentially expressed genes. Similarly, SAM and gene ontology analyses were applied to gene expression data derived from atorvastatin-treated breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT474, SKBR3, and MDAMB231) comparing treated and untreated cells. The Systematic Motif Analysis Retrieval Tool (SMART) was used to identify enriched transcription factor-binding sites. Literature Vector Analysis (LitVAn) identified gene module functionality, and pathway analysis was performed using GeneGo Pathways Software (MetaCore; https://portal.genego.com/). RESULTS Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in paired clinical samples revealed 407 significantly differentially expressed genes (FDR = 0); 32 upregulated and 375 downregulated genes. Restricted filtration (fold change ≥1.49) resulted in 21 upregulated and 46 downregulated genes. Significantly upregulated genes included DUSP1, RHOB1, GADD45B, and RGS1. Pooled results from gene ontology, LitVAn and SMART analyses identified statin-induced effects on the apoptotic and MAPK pathways among others. Comparative analyses of gene expression profiles in breast cancer cell lines showed significant upregulation of the mevalonate and proapoptotic pathways following atorvastatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS We report potential statin-induced changes in global tumor gene expression profiles, indicating MAPK pathway inhibition and proapoptotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olöf Bjarnadottir
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Siker Kimbung
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ida Johansson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Veerla
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. SciBlu genomics, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Mats Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dorthe Grabau
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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235
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Ni L, Zhu X, Gong C, Luo Y, Wang L, Zhou W, Zhu S, Li Y. Trichosanthes kirilowii fruits inhibit non-small cell lung cancer cell growth through mitotic cell-cycle arrest. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:349-64. [PMID: 25779643 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of lung cancer cases and the reported overall 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. Natural medicines have attracted much attention due to their lower toxicity and fewer side effects. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim (TKM) fruits are commonly used in cancer treatment in combination with other Chinese medicinal herbs. However, little is known about their biological functions and mechanisms in NSCLC cells. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of TKM fruits in NSCLC cells using cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and anchorage independent assays and a Xenograft NSCLC tumor model, and explored the possible biological mechanism by flow cytometric analysis, cDNA microarray and real-time PCR. Results showed that TKM fruits significantly suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenicity and tumor growth, and significantly extended the survival time of NSCLC-bearing mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed that TKM fruits significantly induced G2-M arrest, necrosis and apoptosis in NSCLC cells. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that TKM fruits regulated the differential expression of 544 genes, and the differential expression of selected genes was also confirmed. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 18 of first 20 biological processes were involved in cell cycle and mitosis. These results indicate that TKM fruits have certain inhibitory effect on NSCLC cells through cell-cycle and mitosis arrest, and suggest that TKM fruits may be an important resource for developing new antitumor drugs, and a potent natural product for treating patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ni
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P. R. China , Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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236
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Persa E, Balogh A, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. The effect of ionizing radiation on regulatory T cells in health and disease. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:252-61. [PMID: 25754816 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treg cells are key elements of the immune system which are responsible for the immune suppressive phenotype of cancer patients. Interaction of Treg cells with conventional anticancer therapies might fundamentally influence cancer therapy response rates. Radiotherapy, apart from its direct tumor cell killing potential, has a contradictory effect on the antitumor immune response: it augments certain immune parameters, while it depresses others. Treg cells are intrinsically radioresistant due to reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation, which leads to their systemic and/or intratumoral enrichment. While physiologically Treg suppression is not enhanced by irradiation, this is not the case in a tumorous environment, where Tregs acquire a highly suppressive phenotype, which is further increased by radiotherapy. This is the reason why the interest for combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy approaches focusing on the abrogation of Treg suppression has increased in cancer therapy in the last few years. Here we summarize the basic mechanisms of Treg radiation response both in healthy and cancerous environments and discuss Treg-targeted pre-clinical and clinical immunotherapy approaches used in combination with radiotherapy. Finally, the discrepant findings regarding the predictive value of Tregs in therapy response are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Persa
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary.
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237
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Cazzaniga V, Bugarin C, Bardini M, Giordan M, te Kronnie G, Basso G, Biondi A, Fazio G, Cazzaniga G. LCK over-expression drives STAT5 oncogenic signaling in PAX5 translocated BCP-ALL patients. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1569-81. [PMID: 25595912 PMCID: PMC4359315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The PAX5 gene is altered in 30% of BCP-ALL patients and PAX5 chromosomal translocations account for 2-3% of cases. Although PAX5 fusion genes significantly affect the transcription of PAX5 target genes, their role in sustaining leukemia cell survival is poorly understood. In an in vitro model of PAX5/ETV6 leukemia, we demonstrated that Lck hyper-activation, and down-regulation of its negative regulator Csk, lead to STAT5 hyper-activation and consequently to the up-regulation of the downstream effectors, cMyc and Ccnd2. More important, cells from PAX5 translocated patients show LCK up-regulation and over-activation, as well as STAT5 hyper-phosphorylation, compared to PAX5 wt and PAX5 deleted cases. As in BCR/ABL1 positive ALL, the hyper-activation of STAT5 pathway can represent a survival signal in PAX5 translocated cells, alternative to the pre-BCR, which is down-regulated. The LCK inhibitor BIBF1120 selectively reverts this phenomenon both in the murine model and in leukemic primary cells. LCK inhibitor could therefore represent a suitable candidate drug to target this subgroup of ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Michela Bardini
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Marco Giordan
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Geertruy te Kronnie
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
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238
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Xin L, Wang J, Wu Y, Guo S. The development ofGADD45αluciferase reporter assays in human cells for assessing the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:136-42. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.1003357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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239
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Su LY, Xin HY, Liu YL, Zhang JL, Xin HW, Su XL. Anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) inhibits gastric cancer cells by upregulating growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45A (GADD45A). Tumour Biol 2015; 35:10051-6. [PMID: 25015188 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP), purified from goat spleens immunized with human gastric cancer extracts, significantly inhibited gastric cancer cells in vitro and gastric tumors in vivo via repressing cell growth and promoting apoptosis, making it a promising potential biological anticancer drug. However, it is not known what genes are functionally required for the ACBP effects. Here, we first found that two tumor suppressor genes, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible alpha (GADD45A), were upregulated significantly in the cells with ACBP treatment by microarray screening and the findings were validated by real-time RT-PCR. Next, GADD45A mRNA and protein expressions were downregulated in the gastric cancer cells by lentivirus-mediated RNAi; then, cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assayed by MTT and flow cytometry. Interestingly, our results indicated that cell viability was not dependent on GADD45A without ACBP treatment; however, cell sensitivity to ACBP was significantly decreased in ACBP-treated gastric cancer cells with GADD45A downregulation. Therefore, we demonstrate that GADD45A was functionally required for ACBP to inhibit gastric cancer cells, suggesting that GADD45A may become a biomarker for ACBP sensitivity. Our findings have significant implications on the molecular mechanism understanding, biomarker development, and anticancer drug development of ACBP.
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240
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241
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Gallium maltolate inhibits human cutaneous T-cell lymphoma tumor development in mice. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:877-884. [PMID: 25371972 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) represent a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by an accumulation of malignant CD4 T cells in the skin. The group IIIa metal salt, gallium nitrate, is known to have antineoplastic activity against B-cell lymphoma in humans, but its activity in CTCLs has not been elaborated in detail. Herein, we examined the antineoplastic efficacy of a gallium compound, gallium maltolate (GaM), in vitro and in vivo with murine models of CTCLs. GaM inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of cultured CTCL cells. In human CTCL xenograft models, peritumoral injection of GaM limited the growth of CTCL cells, shown by fewer tumor formations, smaller tumor sizes, and decreased neovascularization in tumor microenvironment. To identify key signaling pathways that have a role in GaM-mediated reduction of tumor growth, we analyzed inflammatory cytokines, as well as signal transduction pathways in CTCL cells treated by GaM. IFN-γ-induced chemokines and IL-13 were found to be notably increased in GaM-treated CTCL cells. However, immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL-10, were decreased with GaM treatment. Interestingly, both oxidative stress and p53 pathways were involved in GaM-induced cytotoxicity. These results warrant further investigation of GaM as a therapeutic agent for CTCLs.
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242
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Zhang L, Nemzow L, Chen H, Hu JJ, Gong F. Whole genome expression profiling shows that BRG1 transcriptionally regulates UV inducible genes and other novel targets in human cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105764. [PMID: 25157878 PMCID: PMC4144907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UV irradiation is known to cause cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs), and plays a large role in the development of cancer. Tumor suppression, through DNA repair and proper cell cycle regulation, is an integral factor in maintaining healthy cells and preventing development of cancer. Transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in the various tumor suppression pathways is essential for them to be expressed when needed and to function properly. BRG1, an ATPase catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been identified as a tumor suppressor protein, as it has been shown to play a role in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) of CPDs, suppress apoptosis, and restore checkpoint deficiency, in response to UV exposure. Although BRG1 has been shown to regulate transcription of some genes that are instrumental in proper DNA damage repair and cell cycle maintenance in response to UV, its role in transcriptional regulation of the whole genome in response to UV has not yet been elucidated. With whole genome expression profiling in SW13 cells, we show that upon UV induction, BRG1 regulates transcriptional expression of many genes involved in cell stress response. Additionally, our results also highlight BRG1's general role as a master regulator of the genome, as it transcriptionally regulates approximately 4.8% of the human genome, including expression of genes involved in many pathways. RT-PCR and ChIP were used to validate our genome expression analysis. Importantly, our study identifies several novel transcriptional targets of BRG1, such as ATF3. Thus, BRG1 has a larger impact on human genome expression than previously thought, and our studies will provide inroads for future analysis of BRG1's role in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Leah Nemzow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Feng Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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243
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p53-directed translational control can shape and expand the universe of p53 target genes. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1522-34. [PMID: 24926617 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of genome-wide transcriptome analyses focusing on p53-induced cellular responses in many cellular contexts keeps adding to the already numerous p53-regulated transcriptional networks. To investigate post-transcriptional controls as an additional dimension of p53-directed gene expression responses, we performed a translatome analysis through polysomal profiling on MCF7 cells upon 16 hours of doxorubicin or nutlin-3a treatment. The comparison between the transcriptome and the translatome revealed a considerable level of uncoupling, characterized by genes whose transcription variations did not correlate with translation variations. Interestingly, uncoupled genes were associated with apoptosis, DNA and RNA metabolism and cell cycle functions, suggesting that post-transcriptional control can modulate classical p53-regulated responses. Furthermore, even for well-established p53 targets that were differentially expressed both at the transcriptional and translational levels, quantitative differences between the transcriptome, subpolysomal and polysomal RNAs were evident. As we searched mechanisms underlying gene expression uncoupling, we identified the p53-dependent modulation of six RNA-binding proteins, where hnRNPD (AUF1) and CPEB4 are direct p53 transcriptional targets, whereas SRSF1, DDX17, YBX1 and TARDBP are indirect targets (genes modulated preferentially in the subpolysomal or polysomal mRNA level) modulated at the translational level in a p53-dependent manner. In particular, YBX1 translation appeared to be reduced by p53 via two different mechanisms, one related to mTOR inhibition and the other to miR-34a expression. Overall, we established p53 as a master regulator of translational control and identified new p53-regulated genes affecting translation that can contribute to p53-dependent cellular responses.
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244
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Zhang L, Yang Z, Liu Y. GADD45 proteins: roles in cellular senescence and tumor development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:773-778. [PMID: 24872428 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214531879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (GADD45) family genes regulate DNA repair, cell cycle, cell survival, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA demethylation in the cells under various stress stimuli, such as oxidative stress, UV radiation, and oncogenic stress. Recent studies have provided important insights regarding how different oncogenic stresses activate GADD45 signaling pathway and lead to disparate influences on tumor initiation. In this review, we discuss the deregulation and cellular function of GADD45 proteins in the context of cancer development. We also highlight recent advances in exploring the tumor suppressive function of GADD45 proteins-triggered cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
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245
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Hsu YC, Huang TY, Chen MJ. Therapeutic ROS targeting of GADD45γ in the induction of G2/M arrest in primary human colorectal cancer cell lines by cucurbitacin E. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1198. [PMID: 24763055 PMCID: PMC4001305 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) or α-elaterin is a natural compound previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of CuE on colorectal cancer (CRC) using primary cell lines isolated from five CRC patients in Taiwan, Specifically, we explored the anti-proliferation and cell cycle G2/M arrest induced by CuE in CRC cells. MPM-2 flow cytometry tests show that CuE-treated cells accumulated in metaphase (CuE 2.5-7.5 μM). Results further indicate that CuE produced G2/M arrest as well as the downregulation of CDC2 and cyclin B1 expression and dissociation. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE; however, the inhibition of proliferation, arrest of mitosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were found to be dependent on the quantity of CuE used to treat the cancer cells. In addition, cell cycle arrest in treated cells coincided with the activation of the gene GADD45(α, β, γ). Incubation with CuE resulted in the binding of GADD45γ to CDC2, which suggests that the delay in CuE-induced mitosis is regulated by the overexpression of GADD45γ. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the known effects on cancer prevention, CuE may have antitumor activities in established CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - T-Y Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - M-J Chen
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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246
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Ilott NE, Schneider T, Mill J, Schalkwyk L, Brolese G, Bizarro L, Stolerman IP, Dempster E, Asherson P. Long-term effects of gestational nicotine exposure and food-restriction on gene expression in the striatum of adolescent rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88896. [PMID: 24586432 PMCID: PMC3929494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational exposure to environmental toxins such as nicotine may result in detectable gene expression changes in later life. To investigate the direct toxic effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on later brain development, we have used transcriptomic analysis of striatal samples to identify gene expression differences between adolescent Lister Hooded rats exposed to nicotine in utero and controls. Using an additional group of animals matched for the reduced food intake experienced in the nicotine group, we were also able to assess the impact of imposed food-restriction on gene expression profiles. We found little evidence for a role of gestational nicotine exposure on altered gene expression in the striatum of adolescent offspring at a significance level of p<0.01 and |log2 fold change >0.5|, although we cannot exclude the possibility of nicotine-induced changes in other brain regions, or at other time points. We did, however, find marked gene expression differences in response to imposed food-restriction. Food-restriction resulted in significant group differences for a number of immediate early genes (IEGs) including Fos, Fosb, Fosl2, Arc, Junb, Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. These genes are associated with stress response pathways and therefore may reflect long-term effects of nutritional deprivation on the development of the stress system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Ilott
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Computational Genomics Analysis and Training (CGAT), Medical Research Council (MRC) Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Schneider
- Department of addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,
- Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mill
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard Schalkwyk
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovana Brolese
- Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Ian P. Stolerman
- Department of addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Emma Dempster
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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