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Ryu J, Park SJ, Kim IH, Choi YH, Nam TJ. Protective effect of porphyra-334 on UVA-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:796-803. [PMID: 24946848 PMCID: PMC4121349 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant increase in life expectancy is closely related to the growing interest in the impact of aging on the function and appearance of the skin. Skin aging is influenced by several factors, and solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is considered one of the most important causes of skin photoaging. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-photoaging role of porphyra-334 from Porphyra (P.) yezoensis, a mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the present study, extracted UV-absorbing compounds from P. yezoensis included palythine, asterina-330 and porphyra-334. Porphyra-334 was the most abundant MAA in P. yezoensis, and it was therefore used for conducting antiphotoaging experiments. The effect of porphyra-334 on the prevention of photoaging was investigated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components and protein expression in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Porphyra-334 suppressed ROS production and the expression of MMPs following UVA irradiation, while increasing levels of ECM components, such as procollagen, type I collagen, elastin. These results suggest that porphyra-334 has various applications in cosmetics and toiletries because of its anti-photoaging activities and may serve as a novel anti-aging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ryu
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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202
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Rahimzadeh M, Jahanshahi S, Moein S, Moein MR. Evaluation of alpha- amylase inhibition by Urtica dioica and Juglans regia extracts. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 17:465-9. [PMID: 25140210 PMCID: PMC4137939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One strategy for the treatment of diabetes is inhibition of pancreatic α- amylase. Plants contains different chemical constituents with potential for inhibition of α-amylase and hence maybe used as therapeutic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urtica dioica and Juglans regia Linn were tested for α-amylase inhibition. Different concentrations of leaf aqueous extracts were incubated with enzyme substrate solution and the activity of enzyme was measured. For determination of the type of inhibition, Dixon plot was depicted. Acarbose was used as the standard inhibitor. RESULTS Both plant extracts showed time and concentration dependent inhibition of α-amylase. 60% inhibition was seen with 2 mg/ml of U. dioica and 0.4 mg/ml of J. regia aqueous extract. Dixon plots revealed the type of α-amylase inhibition by these two extracts as competitive inhibition. CONCLUSION Determination of the type of α-amylase inhibition by these plant extracts could provide by successful use of plant chemicals as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahimzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran,Corresponding author: Mahsa Rahimzadeh. Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Tel: +98-761-6668441; Fax: +98-761-6668478; ,
| | - Samaneh Jahanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Moein
- Medicinal Plant Processing Research Center and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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203
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Combination cellulose plate (non-agar solid support) and agar plate method improves isolation of fungi from soil. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:755-61. [PMID: 24849537 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report describing the improved isolation of common filamentous fungi via a method combining cellulose plate and agar plate system. A cellulose plate is a porous plate made of nanofibrous crystaline cellulose. Isolating fungi from soils using these types of media separately resulted in the number of fungal colonies appearing on cellulose plates being lower than that on agar plates. However, the number of actual fungal species isolated using cellulose plates alone was more or less the same as that found using agar plates. Significantly, the diversity of isolates using a combination of the two media was greater than using each media individually. As a result, numerous new or rare fungal species with potential, including previously proposed new species, were isolated successfully in this way. All fungal colonies, including the Penicillium species, that appeared on the cellulose plate penetrated in potato dextrose were either white or yellow. Cultivation on cellulose plates with added copper ion overcomes the change in coloration, the colonies appearing as they do following cultivation on potato dextrose agar.
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204
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Sharma S, Chattopadhyay SK, Singh M, Bawankule DU, Kumar S. Novel chemical constituents with anti-inflammatory activity from the leaves of Sesbania aculeata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 100:132-140. [PMID: 24503502 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
From the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Sesbania aculeata, three novel chemical compounds were isolated and fully characterized as compound 1, (ceramide type); compound 2, (cerebroside type) and compound 3 as a triterpene acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside along with nine known compounds (Tricontanol, Lauric acid, Palmitic acid, Heptadecanoyl-1-tridecanoic acid, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, poriferasterol glucoside, ononitol and pinitol). The anti-inflammatory potential of all three compounds were evaluated using in vitro target based anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages. TNF-α is one of the mediators of various chronic inflammatory disorders and treatment of hexane leaf extract (HL), Ethyl acetate leaf extract (EAL) and compounds 1, 2 and 3 at a dose of 10 μg/mL showed significant (P<0.001) inhibition of TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-6 was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by compound 1 and HL at a dose of 10 μg/mL as compared with vehicle treatment. In-vitro cell cytotoxicity study using MTT assay revealed that these compounds were non toxic to the normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Sharma
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sunil K Chattopadhyay
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Monika Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Satyanshu Kumar
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi, Anand 378310, Gujarat, India
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205
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Edwards V, Benkendorff K, Young F. An in vitro high-throughput assay for screening reproductive and toxic effects of anticancer compounds. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:582-92. [PMID: 24650341 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro assay was developed that simultaneously tested the effects of anticancer drug candidates on cytotoxicity, hormone synthesis, and gonadotrophin responsiveness using the choriocarcinoma JAr cell line. JAr culture conditions were optimized and then cells were exposed to a marine mollusc extract in the presence and absence of hCG. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of the optimized 1 H thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay were 11.3% and 10.9%, respectively. hCG (1,000 mIU/mL) increased progesterone (P4) synthesis after 24 H (P<0.05). The mollusc extract significantly decreased cell viability, with the IC50 affected by incubation time, but not hCG. P4 synthesis was inhibited at low concentrations of the anticancer extract, but stimulated at the highest concentration, and complex interactions of P4 were also found with hCG. In conclusion, the optimized assay is useful to characterize the effects of novel drugs on cytotoxicity, basal, and gonadotrophin-stimulated P4 synthesis in vitro, and can be used to inform subsequent in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Edwards
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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206
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Sánchez-Recillas A, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Rios MY, Ibarra-Barajas M, Estrada-Soto S. Semisynthesis, ex vivo evaluation, and SAR studies of coumarin derivatives as potential antiasthmatic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:400-8. [PMID: 24681028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes contraction in the smooth muscle of the airway and blocking of airflow. Reversal the contractile process is a strategy for the search of new drugs that could be used for the treatment of asthma. This work reports the semisynthesis, ex vivo relaxing evaluation and SAR studies of a series of 18 coumarins. The results pointed that the ether derivatives 1-3, 7-9 and 13-15 showed the best activity (Emax = 100%), where compound 2 (42 μM) was the most potent, being 4-times more active than theophylline (positive control). The ether homologation (methyl, ethyl and propyl) in position 7 or positions 6 and 7 of coumarins lead to relaxing effect, meanwhile formation of esters generated less active compounds than ethers. The SAR analysis showed that it is necessary the presence of two small ether groups and the methyl group at position 4 (site 3) encourage biological activity through soft hydrophobic changes in the molecule, without drastically affecting the cLogP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sánchez-Recillas
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia y Química de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia y Química de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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207
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Soares LA, de Cássia Orlandi Sardi J, Gullo FP, de Souza Pitangui N, Scorzoni L, Leite FS, Giannini MJSM, Almeida AMF. Anti dermatophytic therapy--prospects for the discovery of new drugs from natural products. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1035-41. [PMID: 24688490 PMCID: PMC3958166 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people and animals suffer from superficial infections caused by a group of highly specialized filamentous fungi, the dermatophytes, which only infect keratinized structures. With the appearance of AIDS, the incidence of dermatophytosis has increased. Current drug therapy used for these infections is often toxic, long-term, and expensive and has limited effectiveness; therefore, the discovery of new anti dermatophytic compounds is a necessity. Natural products have been the most productive source for new drug development. This paper provides a brief review of the current literature regarding the presence of dermatophytes in immunocompromised patients, drug resistance to conventional treatments and new anti dermatophytic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Arantes Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patrícia Gullo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sangalli Leite
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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208
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Ntie-Kang F, Onguéné PA, Lifongo LL, Ndom JC, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants, part II: a pharmacological evaluation of non-alkaloids and non-terpenoids. Malar J 2014; 13:81. [PMID: 24602358 PMCID: PMC3975711 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is currently a public health concern in many countries in the world due to various factors which are not yet under check. Drug discovery projects targeting malaria often resort to natural sources in the search for lead compounds. A survey of the literature has led to a summary of the major findings regarding plant-derived compounds from African flora, which have shown anti-malarial/antiplasmodial activities, tested by in vitro and in vivo assays. Considerations have been given to compounds with activities ranging from "very active" to "weakly active", leading to >500 chemical structures, mainly alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenolics, polyacetylenes, xanthones, quinones, steroids and lignans. However, only the compounds that showed anti-malarial activity, from "very active" to "moderately active", are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
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209
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Heinrich M. Ethnopharmacology: quo vadis? Challenges for the future. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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210
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Rajakumar P, Anandhan R, Vadla GP, Vellaichamy E. Synthesis and cardio protective biological applications of glucodendrimers by H9C2 cell studies. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:403-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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211
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Ntie-Kang F, Onguéné PA, Scharfe M, Owono Owono LC, Megnassan E, Mbaze LM, Sippl W, Efange SMN. ConMedNP: a natural product library from Central African medicinal plants for drug discovery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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212
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Gu J, Gui Y, Chen L, Yuan G, Xu X. CVDHD: a cardiovascular disease herbal database for drug discovery and network pharmacology. J Cheminform 2013; 5:51. [PMID: 24344970 PMCID: PMC3878363 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-5-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and associates with multiple risk factors. Herb medicines have been used to treat CVD long ago in china and several natural products or derivatives (e.g., aspirin and reserpine) are most common drugs all over the world. The objective of this work was to construct a systematic database for drug discovery based on natural products separated from CVD-related medicinal herbs and to research on action mechanism of herb medicines. Description The cardiovascular disease herbal database (CVDHD) was designed to be a comprehensive resource for virtual screening and drug discovery from natural products isolated from medicinal herbs for cardiovascular-related diseases. CVDHD comprises 35230 distinct molecules and their identification information (chemical name, CAS registry number, molecular formula, molecular weight, international chemical identifier (InChI) and SMILES), calculated molecular properties (AlogP, number of hydrogen bond acceptor and donors, etc.), docking results between all molecules and 2395 target proteins, cardiovascular-related diseases, pathways and clinical biomarkers. All 3D structures were optimized in the MMFF94 force field and can be freely accessed. Conclusions CVDHD integrated medicinal herbs, natural products, CVD-related target proteins, docking results, diseases and clinical biomarkers. By using the methods of virtual screening and network pharmacology, CVDHD will provide a platform to streamline drug/lead discovery from natural products and explore the action mechanism of medicinal herbs. CVDHD is freely available at http://pkuxxj.pku.edu.cn/CVDHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lirong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Room A817, No,202, Chengfu Road, Beijing, Haidian District 100871, P, R, China.
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213
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Amoa Onguéné P, Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Ndom JC, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants, part I: a pharmacological evaluation of alkaloids and terpenoids. Malar J 2013; 12:449. [PMID: 24330395 PMCID: PMC3878730 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine caters for about 80% of the health care needs of many rural populations around the world, especially in developing countries. In addition, plant-derived compounds have played key roles in drug discovery. Malaria is currently a public health concern in many countries in the world due to factors such as chemotherapy faced by resistance, poor hygienic conditions, poorly managed vector control programmes and no approved vaccines. In this review, an attempt has been made to assess the value of African medicinal plants for drug discovery by discussing the anti-malarial virtue of the derived phytochemicals that have been tested by in vitro and in vivo assays. This survey was focused on pure compounds derived from African flora which have exhibited anti-malarial properties with activities ranging from "very active" to "weakly active". However, only the compounds which showed anti-malarial activities from "very active" to "moderately active" are discussed in this review. The activity of 278 compounds, mainly alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarines, phenolics, polyacetylenes, xanthones, quinones, steroids, and lignans have been discussed. The first part of this review series covers the activity of 171 compounds belonging to the alkaloid and terpenoid classes. Data available in the literature indicated that African flora hold an enormous potential for the development of phytomedicines for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Amoa Onguéné
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia Likowo Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Ndom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck Str. 4, Halle, Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Luc Meva’a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
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214
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Mangromicins A and B: structure and antitrypanosomal activity of two new cyclopentadecane compounds from Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes K10-0216. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 67:253-60. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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215
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Yildiz M, Bozcu H, Tokgun O, Karagur ER, Akyurt O, Akca H. Cyclamen exerts cytotoxicity in solid tumor cell lines: a step toward new anticancer agents? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5911-3. [PMID: 24289599 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclamen coum is a traditional medicinal plant in the Turkey. Its anticancer properties and whether cyclamen extract induces any cytotoxicity in solid cancer cell lines have not been thoroughly investigated previously. Therefore we examined cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer, HeLa, and non small cell lung cancer cell, H1299, lines. Cyclamen extract induced cellular death of both HeLa and H1299 cells in a dose dependent manner. We also analyzed the capacity of cyclamen extract to induce apoptosis by the TUNEL method. Here, we for the first time report that the extract of Cyclamen coum, an endemic plant for Turkey, can induce cytotoxicity via apoptosis in HeLa and H1299 cells. These results imply that cyclamen extract can be further analyzed to potentially find novel anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yildiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey E-mail :
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216
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Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:349-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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217
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218
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Ntie-Kang F, Zofou D, Babiaka SB, Meudom R, Scharfe M, Lifongo LL, Mbah JA, Mbaze LM, Sippl W, Efange SMN. AfroDb: a select highly potent and diverse natural product library from African medicinal plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78085. [PMID: 24205103 PMCID: PMC3813505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer-aided drug design (CADD) often involves virtual screening (VS) of large compound datasets and the availability of such is vital for drug discovery protocols. We assess the bioactivity and "drug-likeness" of a relatively small but structurally diverse dataset (containing >1,000 compounds) from African medicinal plants, which have been tested and proven a wide range of biological activities. The geographical regions of collection of the medicinal plants cover the entire continent of Africa, based on data from literature sources and information from traditional healers. For each isolated compound, the three dimensional (3D) structure has been used to calculate physico-chemical properties used in the prediction of oral bioavailability on the basis of Lipinski's "Rule of Five". A comparative analysis has been carried out with the "drug-like", "lead-like", and "fragment-like" subsets, as well as with the Dictionary of Natural Products. A diversity analysis has been carried out in comparison with the ChemBridge diverse database. Furthermore, descriptors related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) have been used to predict the pharmacokinetic profile of the compounds within the dataset. Our results prove that drug discovery, beginning with natural products from the African flora, could be highly promising. The 3D structures are available and could be useful for virtual screening and natural product lead generation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Center Atomic Molecular Physics, Optics and Quantum, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Denis Zofou
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Rolande Meudom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Michael Scharfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - James A. Mbah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Luc Meva’a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon M. N. Efange
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Sletta H, Degnes KF, Herfindal L, Klinkenberg G, Fjærvik E, Zahlsen K, Brunsvik A, Nygaard G, Aachmann FL, Ellingsen TE, Døskeland SO, Zotchev SB. Anti-microbial and cytotoxic 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine-5,10-dioxide (iodinin) produced by Streptosporangium sp. DSM 45942 isolated from the fjord sediment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:603-10. [PMID: 24158735 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenazine natural products/compounds possess a range of biological activities, including anti-microbial and cytotoxic, making them valuable starting materials for drug development in several therapeutic areas. These compounds are biosynthesized almost exclusively by eubacteria of both terrestrial and marine origins from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenol pyruvate via the shikimate pathway. In this paper, we report isolation of actinomycete bacteria from marine sediment collected in the Trondheimfjord, Norway. Screening of the isolates for biological activity produced several "hits", one of which was followed up by identification and purification of the active compound from the actinomycete bacterium Streptosporangium sp. The purified compound, identified as 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine-5,10-dioxide (iodinin), was subjected to extended tests for biological activity against bacteria, fungi and mammalian cells. In these tests, the iodinin demonstrated high anti-microbial and cytotoxic activity, and was particularly potent against leukaemia cell lines. This is the first report on the isolation of iodinin from a marine-derived Streptosporangium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Sletta
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Sem Sælands vei 2a, 7465, Trondheim, Norway
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Combination of extracts from Aristolochia cymbifera with streptomycin as a potential antibacterial drug. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:430. [PMID: 24040585 PMCID: PMC3771021 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of new antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a societal problem that requires the development of new alternative treatments. Therefore, this work evaluated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic (EHI), dichloromethanic (EDI) and hexanic (EHE) extracts from Aristolochia cymbifera stems and the combination of these extracts with an antimicrobial drug to develop a new antibacterial therapy. The EDI, EHE and EHI extracts were obtained by maceration using three different solvents. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these extracts were determined using the microdilution test to determine the antibacterial potential of these extracts and their combination with streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri. The extract dose leading to the cytotoxicity of 50% of the cells (CC50) was evaluated using mammalian cells MA104 and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. The extracts had a MIC under 500 mg/L and a CC50 lower than 50 mg/L. The antibiotic/extract proportion influenced the antibacterial activity of the mixtures, and the proportion that optimized the antibacterial activity of streptomycin was a mixture that contained 75 percent of extract. This composition included less than 6.5 mg/L of extract and 2.5 mg/L of streptomycin and has potential as a new antibacterial therapy.
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Sahare KN, Singh V. Antifilarial activity of ethyl acetate extract of Vitex negundo leaves in vitro. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:689-92. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ntie-Kang F, Mbah JA, Lifongo LL, Owono Owono LC, Megnassan E, Meva'a Mbaze L, Judson PN, Sippl W, Efange SM. Assessing the pharmacokinetic profile of the CamMedNP natural products database: an in silico approach. Org Med Chem Lett 2013; 3:10. [PMID: 24229455 PMCID: PMC3767462 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) assessment has come to occupy a place of interest during the early stages of drug discovery today. Computer-based methods are slowly gaining ground in this area and are often used as initial tools to eliminate compounds likely to present uninteresting pharmacokinetic profiles and unacceptable levels of toxicity from the list of potential drug candidates, hence cutting down the cost of the discovery of a drug. Results In the present study, we present an in silico assessment of the DMPK profile of our recently published natural products database of 1,859 unique compounds derived from 224 species of medicinal plants from the Cameroonian forest. In this analysis, we have used 46 computed physico-chemical properties or molecular descriptors to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) of the compounds. This survey demonstrated that about 50% of the compounds within the Cameroonian medicinal plant and natural products (CamMedNP) database are compliant, having properties which fall within the range of ADME properties of >95% of currently known drugs, while >73% of the compounds have ≤2 violations. Moreover, about 72% of the compounds within the corresponding ‘drug-like’ subset showed compliance. Conclusions In addition to the previously verified levels of ‘drug-likeness’ and the diversity and the wide range of measured biological activities, the compounds in the CamMedNP database show interesting DMPK profiles and, hence, could represent an important starting point for hit/lead discovery from medicinal plants in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- CEPAMOQ, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P,O, Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon.
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Wang L, Wang G, Yang D, Guo X, Xu Y, Feng B, Kang J. Euphol arrests breast cancer cells at the G1 phase through the modulation of cyclin D1, p21 and p27 expression. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1279-85. [PMID: 23969579 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia tirucalli is a long‑established treatment for a wide variety of cancers. However, the mechanism of its anticancer effect is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the anticancer effect of euphol, a tetracyclic triterpene alcohol isolated from the sap of Euphorbia tirucalli, in T47D human breast cancer cells. Following the treatment of cells with different doses of euphol for 24, 48 and 72 h, the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and mRNA and protein levels of cell cycle regulatory molecules were analyzed, respectively. Treatment of the cells with euphol resulted in decreased cell viability, which was accompanied by an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Further studies demonstrated that euphol treatment downregulated cyclin D1 expression and the hypophosphorylation of Rb. Furthermore, this effect was correlated with the downregulation of cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) expression and the upregulation of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Reduced expression levels of cyclin A and B1 were also observed, corresponding to the decreased distribution of cells in the S and G2/M phases, respectively. These findings indicated that euphol is an active agent in Euphorbia tirucalli that exerts anticancer activity by arresting the cell cycle of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Mbah JA, Owono Owono LC, Megnassan E, Mbaze LM, Judson PN, Sippl W, Efange SMN. In silico drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic profiles of natural products from medicinal plants in the Congo basin. In Silico Pharmacol 2013; 1:12. [PMID: 25505657 PMCID: PMC4230438 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) assessment has come to occupy a place of interest during the early stages of drug discovery today. The use of computer modelling to predict the DMPK and toxicity properties of a natural product library derived from medicinal plants from Central Africa (named ConMedNP). Material from some of the plant sources are currently employed in African Traditional Medicine. Methods Computer-based methods are slowly gaining ground in this area and are often used as preliminary criteria for the elimination of compounds likely to present uninteresting pharmacokinetic profiles and unacceptable levels of toxicity from the list of potential drug candidates, hence cutting down the cost of discovery of a drug. In the present study, we present an in silico assessment of the DMPK and toxicity profile of a natural product library containing ~3,200 compounds, derived from 379 species of medicinal plants from 10 countries in the Congo Basin forests and savannas, which have been published in the literature. In this analysis, we have used 46 computed physico-chemical properties or molecular descriptors to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination and toxicity (ADMET) of the compounds. Results This survey demonstrated that about 45% of the compounds within the ConMedNP compound library are compliant, having properties which fall within the range of ADME properties of 95% of currently known drugs, while about 69% of the compounds have ≤ 2 violations. Moreover, about 73% of the compounds within the corresponding “drug-like” subset showed compliance. Conclusions In addition to the verified levels of “drug-likeness”, diversity and the wide range of measured biological activities, the compounds from medicinal plants in Central Africa show interesting DMPK profiles and hence could represent an important starting point for hit/lead discovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-9616-1-12) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- CEPAMOQ, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon ; Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lydia L Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - James A Mbah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Luc C Owono Owono
- CEPAMOQ, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon ; Laboratory for Simulations and Biomolecular Physics, Advanced Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé, I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eugene Megnassan
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, University of Abobo-Adjame, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Philip N Judson
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, 22-23 Blenheim Terrace, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9HD UK
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon M N Efange
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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Pinocembrin: a novel natural compound with versatile pharmacological and biological activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:379850. [PMID: 23984355 PMCID: PMC3747598 DOI: 10.1155/2013/379850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is one of the primary flavonoids isolated from the variety of plants, mainly from Pinus heartwood, Eucalyptus, Populus, Euphorbia, and Sparattosperma leucanthum, in the diverse flora and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In addition, pinocembrin can be used as neuroprotective against cerebral ischemic injury with a wide therapeutic time window, which may be attributed to its antiexcitotoxic effects. Pinocembrin exhibits pharmacological effects on almost all systems, and our aim is to review the pharmacological and therapeutic applications of pinocembrin with specific emphasis on mechanisms of actions. The design of new drugs based on the pharmacological effects of pinocembrin could be beneficial. This review suggests that pinocembrin is a potentially promising pharmacological candidate, but additional studies and clinical trials are required to determine its specific intracellular sites of action and derivative targets in order to fully understand the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and apoptotic effects to further validate its medical applications.
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Munigunti R, Becker K, Brun R, Calderón AI. Determination of Antiplasmodial Activity and Binding Affinity of Selected Natural Products towards PfTrxR and PfGR. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our study, the binding affinities of selected natural products towards PfTrxR, PfGR, human TrxR and human GR were determined using a mass spectrometry based ligand binding assay. The in vitro antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of these ligands were also determined. Catharanthine, 11-(OH)-coronaridine, hernagine, vobasine and hispolone displayed antiplasmodial activity against PfK1 (IC50 = 0.996–3.63 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Munigunti
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, 4306 Walker Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Katja Becker
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angela I. Calderón
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, 4306 Walker Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Amer B, Juvik OJ, Francis GW, Fossen T. Novel GHB-derived natural products from European mistletoe (Viscum album). PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:981-986. [PMID: 23734579 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.773520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The European white-berry mistletoe [Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae)] is among the oldest known medicinal plants. At present the most important application of mistletoe extracts is in the treatment of cancer. However, natural products specific to mistletoe have rarely been encountered in the current literature. OBJECTIVE To discover novel natural products specific to European mistletoe. MATERIALS AND METHODS European mistletoe was extracted with methanol, purified to partition against diethyl ether and further purified with XAD-7 column chromatography. Pure compounds were separated by Sephadex column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures of the novel compounds were established using a combination of several 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. RESULTS A new type of natural product derived from the methyl ester of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) coupled to hydroxybenzoic acids, namely 3-(3'-carbomethoxypropyl) gallic acid and 3-(3'-carbomethoxypropyl)-7→3″-protocatechoyl galloate were characterized from European white-berry mistletoe. Condensation of the 3-hydroxyl of gallic acid with the 4-hydroxyl of GHB significantly reduced the radical scavenging properties of the former compound. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The characterized compounds define a novel group of natural products that may be of particular interest because it appears that the two new compounds are not closely related to any known natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Amer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Allégt, Bergen, Norway
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Antipoliovirus Activity of the Organic Extract of Eupatorium buniifolium: Isolation of Euparin as an Active Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:402364. [PMID: 23956770 PMCID: PMC3730360 DOI: 10.1155/2013/402364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of the organic extract (OE) of Eupatorium buniifolium against poliovirus type 1 was determined by in vitro assays with an effective concentration 50 (EC50) of 23.3 ± 3.3 µg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the OE allowed the isolation of an active principle that was identified by spectroscopic methods (1H- and 13C-NMR, EI-MS, UV, and IR spectroscopy) as the benzofuran euparin. The plaque reduction assay in Vero cells was used to assess the antiviral activity of euparin against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 with EC50 values of 0.47, 0.12, and 0.15 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, this compound showed high selectivity indexes of 284.9, 1068, and 854.7, respectively. In order to identify the mechanism by which euparin exerts its antiviral activity, the virucidal effect, the pretreatment of Vero cells, and the time of action on one viral replication cycle were evaluated. Results obtained demonstrated that euparin exerts its effect during the early events of the replication cycle, from the virus adsorption to cells up to the first twenty minutes after infection. This is the first report on the presence of euparin in E. buniifolium and its antiviral activity.
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Lin Y, Sun X, Yuan Q, Yan Y. Combinatorial biosynthesis of plant-specific coumarins in bacteria. Metab Eng 2013; 18:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Mbaze LM, Ekwelle N, Owono Owono LC, Megnassan E, Judson PN, Sippl W, Efange SMN. Cameroonian medicinal plants: a bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey and chemotaxonomic classification. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:147. [PMID: 23802859 PMCID: PMC3703288 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In Cameroon herbs are traditionally used to meet health care needs and plans are on the way to integrate traditional medicine in the health care system, even though the plans have not been put into action yet. The country however has a rich biodiversity, with ~8,620 plant species, some of which are commonly used in the treatment of several microbial infections and a range of diseases (malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, diabetes and tuberculosis). Methods Our survey consisted in collecting published data from the literature sources, mainly from PhD theses in Cameroonian university libraries and also using the author queries in major natural product and medicinal chemistry journals. The collected data includes plant sources, uses of plant material in traditional medicine, plant families, region of collection of plant material, isolated metabolites and type (e.g. flavonoid, terpenoid, etc.), measured biological activities of isolated compounds, and any comments on significance of isolated metabolites on the chemotaxonomic classification of the plant species. This data was compiled on a excel sheet and analysed. Results In this study, a literature survey led to the collection of data on 2,700 secondary metabolites, which have been previously isolated or derived from Cameroonian medicinal plants. This represents distinct phytochemicals derived from 312 plant species belonging to 67 plant families. The plant species are investigated in terms of chemical composition with respect to the various plant families. A correlation between the known biological activities of isolated compounds and the ethnobotanical uses of the plants is also attempted. Insight into future direction for natural product search within the Cameroonian forest and Savanna is provided. Conclusions It can be verified that a phytochemical search of active secondary metabolites, which is inspired by knowledge from the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants could be very vital in a drug discovery program from plant-derived bioactive compounds.
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Leandro LF, Munari CC, Sato VLFL, Alves JM, de Oliveira PF, Mastrocola DFP, Martins SDPL, Moraes TDS, de Oliveira AI, Tozatti MG, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Assessment of the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of (+)-usnic acid in V79 cells and Swiss mice by the micronucleus and comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 753:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gu J, Gui Y, Chen L, Yuan G, Lu HZ, Xu X. Use of natural products as chemical library for drug discovery and network pharmacology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62839. [PMID: 23638153 PMCID: PMC3636197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products have been an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery. How to find and evaluate bioactive natural products is critical to the achievement of drug/lead discovery from natural products. METHODOLOGY We collected 19,7201 natural products structures, reported biological activities and virtual screening results. Principal component analysis was employed to explore the chemical space, and we found that there was a large portion of overlap between natural products and FDA-approved drugs in the chemical space, which indicated that natural products had large quantity of potential lead compounds. We also explored the network properties of natural product-target networks and found that polypharmacology was greatly enriched to those compounds with large degree and high betweenness centrality. In order to make up for a lack of experimental data, high throughput virtual screening was employed. All natural products were docked to 332 target proteins of FDA-approved drugs. The most potential natural products for drug discovery and their indications were predicted based on a docking score-weighted prediction model. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of molecular descriptors, distribution in chemical space and biological activities of natural products was conducted in this article. Natural products have vast chemical diversity, good drug-like properties and can interact with multiple cellular target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanshen Gui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gu Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Zhe Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Ngbolua KN, Mpiana PT, Mudogo V, Tshibangu DST, Ngombe NK, Ekutsu E, Kabena ON, Gbolo BZ, Muanyishay CL, Lassa K. WITHDRAWN: Ethno-botanical survey and ecological study of anti-pathogenic organisms medicinal plants species used in the Congolese folk medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013:S0378-8741(13)00268-7. [PMID: 23624116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Ngbolua
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Evaluation of combination effects of ethanolic extract of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. subsp. mucronata Willd. and antibiotics against clinically important bacteria. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:769594. [PMID: 23737727 PMCID: PMC3655675 DOI: 10.1155/2013/769594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A pragmatic approach to the treatment of infectious diseases with multicausal agents and prevention of the development of resistant isolates is the combination of herbal remedies with the first-line antimicrobial agents to which most of them have become resistant. This study evaluated the interactions between the ethanolic bark extract of Ziziphus mucronata with known antimicrobial agents in vitro. In this study, the results showed that varied zones of inhibitions (ZME-chloramphenicol (17-42 mm), ZME-amoxicillin (17-35 mm), ZME-tetracycline (17-36 mm), ZME-ciprofloxacin (20-41 mm), ZME-nalidixic acid (17-34 mm), and ZME-kanamycin (17-38 mm)) were produced by the antibacterial combinations. At the highest combined concentrations, 12 isolates (ZME-ciprofloxacin) > 10 isolates (ZME-chloramphenicol) = (ZME-kanamycin) > 6 isolates (ZME-amoxicillin) = (ZME-nalidixic acid) and 5 isolates (ZME-tetracycline) were inhibited with zones of inhibition greater than 20 ± 1.0 mm. Although the agar diffusion assay suggested that the interactions between the ethanolic extract of Z. mucronata and the antibiotics were both synergistic and additive in nature, the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) showed that the interactions were synergistic (54.17%), additive (27.78%), indifferent (16.67%), and antagonistic (1.39%). While the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) for synergism ranged between 0.00391 and 0.5, that of additivity ranged between 0.516 and 1.0, indifferences ranged between 1.062 and 3.0 and antagonistic interaction was 5.0. The synergistic effects implied that the antibacterial combinations would be more effective and useful in the treatment of multicausal and multidrug-resistant bacteria than a single monotherapy of either antibacterial agent.
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236
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Kell DB. Finding novel pharmaceuticals in the systems biology era using multiple effective drug targets, phenotypic screening and knowledge of transporters: where drug discovery went wrong and how to fix it. FEBS J 2013; 280:5957-80. [PMID: 23552054 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the sequencing of the human genome, the rate of innovative and successful drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry has continued to decrease. Leaving aside regulatory matters, the fundamental and interlinked intellectual issues proposed to be largely responsible for this are: (a) the move from 'function-first' to 'target-first' methods of screening and drug discovery; (b) the belief that successful drugs should and do interact solely with single, individual targets, despite natural evolution's selection for biochemical networks that are robust to individual parameter changes; (c) an over-reliance on the rule-of-5 to constrain biophysical and chemical properties of drug libraries; (d) the general abandoning of natural products that do not obey the rule-of-5; (e) an incorrect belief that drugs diffuse passively into (and presumably out of) cells across the bilayers portions of membranes, according to their lipophilicity; (f) a widespread failure to recognize the overwhelmingly important role of proteinaceous transporters, as well as their expression profiles, in determining drug distribution in and between different tissues and individual patients; and (g) the general failure to use engineering principles to model biology in parallel with performing 'wet' experiments, such that 'what if?' experiments can be performed in silico to assess the likely success of any strategy. These facts/ideas are illustrated with a reasonably extensive literature review. Success in turning round drug discovery consequently requires: (a) decent systems biology models of human biochemical networks; (b) the use of these (iteratively with experiments) to model how drugs need to interact with multiple targets to have substantive effects on the phenotype; (c) the adoption of polypharmacology and/or cocktails of drugs as a desirable goal in itself; (d) the incorporation of drug transporters into systems biology models, en route to full and multiscale systems biology models that incorporate drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; (e) a return to 'function-first' or phenotypic screening; and (f) novel methods for inferring modes of action by measuring the properties on system variables at all levels of the 'omes. Such a strategy offers the opportunity of achieving a state where we can hope to predict biological processes and the effect of pharmaceutical agents upon them. Consequently, this should both lower attrition rates and raise the rates of discovery of effective drugs substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, UK
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Ntie-Kang F, Mbah JA, Mbaze LM, Lifongo LL, Scharfe M, Hanna JN, Cho-Ngwa F, Onguéné PA, Owono LCO, Megnassan E, Sippl W, Efange SMN. CamMedNP: building the Cameroonian 3D structural natural products database for virtual screening. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:88. [PMID: 23590173 PMCID: PMC3637470 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-aided drug design (CADD) often involves virtual screening (VS) of large compound datasets and the availability of such is vital for drug discovery protocols. We present CamMedNP - a new database beginning with more than 2,500 compounds of natural origin, along with some of their derivatives which were obtained through hemisynthesis. These are pure compounds which have been previously isolated and characterized using modern spectroscopic methods and published by several research teams spread across Cameroon. DESCRIPTION In the present study, 224 distinct medicinal plant species belonging to 55 plant families from the Cameroonian flora have been considered. About 80 % of these have been previously published and/or referenced in internationally recognized journals. For each compound, the optimized 3D structure, drug-like properties, plant source, collection site and currently known biological activities are given, as well as literature references. We have evaluated the "drug-likeness" of this database using Lipinski's "Rule of Five". A diversity analysis has been carried out in comparison with the ChemBridge diverse database. CONCLUSION CamMedNP could be highly useful for database screening and natural product lead generation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck Str. 4, Saale, Halle, 06120, Germany
- CEPAMOQ, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
| | - James A Mbah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Luc Meva’a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L Lifongo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Michael Scharfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck Str. 4, Saale, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Joelle Ngo Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fidelis Cho-Ngwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Pascal Amoa Onguéné
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Luc C Owono Owono
- CEPAMOQ, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Simulations and Biomolecular Physics, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eugene Megnassan
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, University of Abobo-Adjame, Abidjan 02, Cote d’Ivoire, BP, 801, Africa
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck Str. 4, Saale, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Simon MN Efange
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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Malinowski JT, Sharpe RJ, Johnson JS. Enantioselective synthesis of pactamycin, a complex antitumor antibiotic. Science 2013; 340:180-2. [PMID: 23580525 PMCID: PMC3952063 DOI: 10.1126/science.1234756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal application of many complex natural products is precluded by the impracticality of their chemical synthesis. Pactamycin, the most structurally intricate aminocyclopentitol antibiotic, displays potent antiproliferative properties across multiple phylogenetic domains, but it is highly cytotoxic. A limited number of analogs produced by genetic engineering technologies show reduced cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, renewing promise for therapeutic applications. For decades, an efficient synthesis of pactamycin amenable to analog derivatizations has eluded researchers. Here, we present a short asymmetric total synthesis of pactamycin. An enantioselective Mannich reaction and symmetry-breaking reduction sequence was designed to enable assembly of the entire carbon core skeleton in under five steps and control critical three-dimensional (stereochemical) functional group relationships. This modular route totals 15 steps and is immediately amenable for structural analog synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. Malinowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert J. Sharpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Valli M, dos Santos RN, Figueira LD, Nakajima CH, Castro-Gamboa I, Andricopulo AD, Bolzani VS. Development of a natural products database from the biodiversity of Brazil. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:439-44. [PMID: 23330984 DOI: 10.1021/np3006875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein the design and development of an innovative tool called the NuBBE database (NuBBEDB), a new Web-based database, which incorporates several classes of secondary metabolites and derivatives from the biodiversity of Brazil. This natural product database incorporates botanical, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological compound information. The NuBBEDB provides specialized information to the worldwide scientific community and can serve as a useful tool for studies on the multidisciplinary interfaces related to chemistry and biology, including virtual screening, dereplication, metabolomics, and medicinal chemistry. The NuBBEDB site is at http://nubbe.iq.unesp.br/nubbeDB.html .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Valli
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, 14801-970, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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240
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Espinoza-Moraga M, Njuguna NM, Mugumbate G, Caballero J, Chibale K. In silico comparison of antimycobacterial natural products with known antituberculosis drugs. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:649-60. [PMID: 23410241 DOI: 10.1021/ci300467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemical space based on physicochemical properties and structural features of a diverse group of natural products with reported in vitro activity against different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is investigated using in silico tools. This is compared to the chemical space occupied by drugs currently recommended for the treatment of various forms of tuberculosis as well as compounds in preclinical and clinical development. Docking studies exploring possible binding affinities and modes of two main clusters of natural products on two different mycobacterial targets are also reported. Our docking results suggest that scytoscalarol, an antibacterial and antifungal guanidine-bearing sesterterpene, can inhibit arabinosyltransferase Mtb EmbC, and the β-carboline alkaloids 8-hydroxymanzamine A and manzamine A can bind to the oxidoreductase of Mtb INHA. On this basis, these products showing high binding affinities to the two targets in silico could be rationally selected for in vitro testing against these targets and/or semisynthetic modification.
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241
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Sagar S, Kaur M, Radovanovic A, Bajic VB. Dragon exploration system on marine sponge compounds interactions. J Cheminform 2013; 5:11. [PMID: 23415072 PMCID: PMC3608955 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural products are considered a rich source of new chemical structures that may lead to the therapeutic agents in all major disease areas. About 50% of the drugs introduced in the market in the last 20 years were natural products/derivatives or natural products mimics, which clearly shows the influence of natural products in drug discovery. Results In an effort to further support the research in this field, we have developed an integrative knowledge base on Marine Sponge Compounds Interactions (Dragon Exploration System on Marine Sponge Compounds Interactions - DESMSCI) as a web resource. This knowledge base provides information about the associations of the sponge compounds with different biological concepts such as human genes or proteins, diseases, as well as pathways, based on the literature information available in PubMed and information deposited in several other databases. As such, DESMSCI is aimed as a research support resource for problems on the utilization of marine sponge compounds. DESMSCI allows visualization of relationships between different chemical compounds and biological concepts through textual and tabular views, graphs and relational networks. In addition, DESMSCI has built in hypotheses discovery module that generates potentially new/interesting associations among different biomedical concepts. We also present a case study derived from the hypotheses generated by DESMSCI which provides a possible novel mode of action for variolins in Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion DESMSCI is the first publicly available (http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/desmsci) comprehensive resource where users can explore information, compiled by text- and data-mining approaches, on biological and chemical data related to sponge compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sagar
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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242
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Chun J, Joo EJ, Kang M, Kim YS. Platycodin D induces anoikis and caspase-mediated apoptosis via p38 MAPK in AGS human gastric cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 114:456-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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243
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Sharma S, Chattopadhyay SK, Yadav DK, Khan F, Mohanty S, Maurya A, Bawankule DU. QSAR, docking and in vitro studies for anti-inflammatory activity of cleomiscosin A methyl ether derivatives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:952-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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244
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Sousa GF, Duarte LP, Alcântara AFC, Silva GDF, Vieira-Filho SA, Silva RR, Oliveira DM, Takahashi JA. New triterpenes from Maytenus robusta: structural elucidation based on NMR experimental data and theoretical calculations. Molecules 2012; 17:13439-56. [PMID: 23147402 PMCID: PMC6268669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Maytenus robusta (Celastraceae) were subjected to phytochemical investigation mainly directed at the isolation of pentacyclic triterpenes. The compounds friedelin (1), β-friedelinol (2), 3-oxo-21β-H-hop-22(29)-ene (7), 3,4-seco-friedelan-3,11β-olide (8), 3β-hydroxy-21β-H-hop-22(29)-ene (9), 3,4-seco-21β-H-hop-22(29)-en-3-oic acid (10), 3,4-seco-friedelan-3-oic acid (11), and sitosterol were identified in the hexane extract of M. robusta leaves. Compounds 8 and 9 are described herein for the first time. The structure and stereochemistry of both compounds were experimentally established by IR, HRLC-MS, and 1D (1H, 13C, and DEPT 135) and 2D (HSQC, HMBC and COSY) NMR data and supported by correlations with carbon chemical shifts calculated using the DFT method (BLYP/6-31G* level). Compounds 7 and 10 are also described for the first time, and their chemical structures were established by comparison with NMR data of similar structures described in the literature and correlations with BLYP/6-31G* calculated carbon chemical shifts. Compound 9, a mixture of 11 and sitosterol, and 3β,11β-dihydroxyfriedelane (4) were evaluated by the Ellman’s method and all these compounds showed acethylcholinesterase inhibitory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasiely F. Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucienir P. Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-31-3409-5722; Fax: +55-31-3409-5700
| | - Antônio F. C. Alcântara
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Grácia D. F. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sidney A. Vieira-Filho
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Roqueline R. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Djalma M. Oliveira
- Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45206-191, Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A. Takahashi
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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245
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Inhibition of both protease and helicase activities of hepatitis C virus NS3 by an ethyl acetate extract of marine sponge Amphimedon sp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48685. [PMID: 23144928 PMCID: PMC3492463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy with ribavirin, interferon, and viral protease inhibitors could be expected to elicit a high level of sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, several severe side effects of this combination therapy have been encountered in clinical trials. In order to develop more effective and safer anti-HCV compounds, we employed the replicon systems derived from several strains of HCV to screen 84 extracts from 54 organisms that were gathered from the sea surrounding Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The ethyl acetate-soluble extract that was prepared from marine sponge Amphimedon sp. showed the highest inhibitory effect on viral replication, with EC₅₀ values of 1.5 and 24.9 µg/ml in sub-genomic replicon cell lines derived from genotypes 1b and 2a, respectively. But the extract had no effect on interferon-inducing signaling or cytotoxicity. Treatment with the extract inhibited virus production by 30% relative to the control in the JFH1-Huh7 cell culture system. The in vitro enzymological assays revealed that treatment with the extract suppressed both helicase and protease activities of NS3 with IC₅₀ values of 18.9 and 10.9 µg/ml, respectively. Treatment with the extract of Amphimedon sp. inhibited RNA-binding ability but not ATPase activity. These results suggest that the novel compound(s) included in Amphimedon sp. can target the protease and helicase activities of HCV NS3.
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246
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Arulselvan P, Wen CC, Lan CW, Chen YH, Wei WC, Yang NS. Dietary administration of scallion extract effectively inhibits colorectal tumor growth: cellular and molecular mechanisms in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44658. [PMID: 23024755 PMCID: PMC3443092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Diet is known to play an important role in the etiology of colon cancer and dietary chemoprevention is receiving increasing attention for prevention and/or alternative treatment of colon cancers. Allium fistulosum L., commonly known as scallion, is popularly used as a spice or vegetable worldwide, and as a traditional medicine in Asian cultures for treating a variety of diseases. In this study we evaluated the possible beneficial effects of dietary scallion on chemoprevention of colon cancer using a mouse model of colon carcinoma (CT-26 cells subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c mice). Tumor lysates were subjected to western blotting for analysis of key inflammatory markers, ELISA for analysis of cytokines, and immunohistochemistry for analysis of inflammatory markers. Metabolite profiles of scallion extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Scallion extracts, particularly hot-water extract, orally fed to mice at 50 mg (dry weight)/kg body weight resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth and enhanced the survival rate of test mice. At the molecular level, scallion extracts inhibited the key inflammatory markers COX-2 and iNOS, and suppressed the expression of various cellular markers known to be involved in tumor apoptosis (apoptosis index), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), angiogenesis (VEGF and HIF-1α), and tumor invasion (MMP-9 and ICAM-1) when compared with vehicle control-treated mice. Our findings may warrant further investigation of the use of common scallion as a chemopreventive dietary agent to lower the risk of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Chun Wen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Wen Lan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chi Wei
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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247
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Bolzani VDS, Valli M, Pivatto M, Viegas C. Natural products from Brazilian biodiversity as a source of new models for medicinal chemistry. PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-01-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are the inspiration for many valuable therapeutic agents and attest to biodiversity being a rich source of new molecular structures. Their value as templates for medicinal chemistry remains undisputed, even after the growth of the combinatorial chemistry era. Tropical environments, such as Brazilian biomes, offer a particularly rich potential for biologically active compounds with unique structures and continue to contribute toward modern drug discovery. Our bioprospecting of plant species of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes has yielded promising bioactive secondary metabolites, and we describe some of these molecules and semisynthetic derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- 1Departamento de Química Orgânica, Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Valli
- 1Departamento de Química Orgânica, Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pivatto
- 1Departamento de Química Orgânica, Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Viegas
- 2Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal (LFQM), Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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248
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Exploring anti-TB leads from natural products library originated from marine microbes and medicinal plants. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 102:447-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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249
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Castelin M, Puillandre N, Kantor YI, Modica MV, Terryn Y, Cruaud C, Bouchet P, Holford M. Macroevolution of venom apparatus innovations in auger snails (Gastropoda; Conoidea; Terebridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 64:21-44. [PMID: 22440724 PMCID: PMC3389042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Terebridae are a diverse family of tropical and subtropical marine gastropods that use a complex and modular venom apparatus to produce toxins that capture polychaete and enteropneust preys. The complexity of the terebrid venom apparatus suggests that venom apparatus development in the Terebridae could be linked to the diversification of the group and can be analyzed within a molecular phylogenetic scaffold to better understand terebrid evolution. Presented here is a molecular phylogeny of 89 terebrid species belonging to 12 of the 15 currently accepted genera, based on Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses of amplicons of 3 mitochondrial (COI, 16S and 12S) and one nuclear (28S) genes. The evolution of the anatomy of the terebrid venom apparatus was assessed by mapping traits of six related characters: proboscis, venom gland, odontophore, accessory proboscis structure, radula, and salivary glands. A novel result concerning terebrid phylogeny was the discovery of a previously unrecognized lineage, which includes species of Euterebra and Duplicaria. The non-monophyly of most terebrid genera analyzed indicates that the current genus-level classification of the group is plagued with homoplasy and requires further taxonomic investigations. Foregut anatomy in the family Terebridae reveals an inordinate diversity of features that covers the range of variability within the entire superfamily Conoidea, and that hypodermic radulae have likely evolved independently on at least three occasions. These findings illustrate that terebrid venom apparatus evolution is not perfunctory, and involves independent and numerous changes of central features in the foregut anatomy. The multiple emergence of hypodermic marginal radular teeth in terebrids are presumably associated with variable functionalities, suggesting that terebrids have adapted to dietary changes that may have resulted from predator-prey relationships. The anatomical and phylogenetic results presented serve as a starting point to advance investigations about the role of predator-prey interactions in the diversification of the Terebridae and the impact on their peptide toxins, which are promising bioactive compounds for biomedical research and therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castelin
- Hunter College, The City University of New York, NY, NY 10065, USA.
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Plant and bacterial systems biology as platform for plant synthetic bio(techno)logy. J Biotechnol 2012; 160:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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