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Huang FYJ, Lee TW, Chang CH, Chen LC, Hsu WH, Chang CW, Lo JM. Evaluation of 188Re-labeled PEGylated nanoliposome as a radionuclide therapeutic agent in an orthotopic glioma-bearing rat model. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:463-73. [PMID: 25624760 PMCID: PMC4296959 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the (188)Re-labeled PEGylated nanoliposome ((188)Re-liposome) was prepared and evaluated as a therapeutic agent for glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reporter cell line, F98(luc) was prepared via Lentivector expression kit system and used to set up the orthotopic glioma-bearing rat model for non-invasive bioluminescent imaging. The maximum tolerated dose applicable in Fischer344 rats was explored via body weight monitoring of the rats after single intravenous injection of (188)Re-liposome with varying dosages before the treatment study. The OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software was utilized for estimating the radiation dosimetry. To assess the therapeutic efficacy, tumor-bearing rats were intravenously administered (188)Re-liposome or normal saline followed by monitoring of the tumor growth and animal survival time. In addition, the histopathological examinations of tumors were conducted on the (188)Re-liposome-treated rats. RESULTS By using bioluminescent imaging, the well-established reporter cell line (F98(luc)) showed a high relationship between cell number and its bioluminescent intensity (R(2)=0.99) in vitro; furthermore, it could also provide clear tumor imaging for monitoring tumor growth in vivo. The maximum tolerated dose of (188)Re-liposome in Fischer344 rats was estimated to be 333 MBq. According to the dosimetry results, higher equivalent doses were observed in spleen and kidneys while very less were in normal brain, red marrow, and thyroid. For therapeutic efficacy study, the progression of tumor growth in terms of tumor volume and/or tumor weight was significantly slower for the (188)Re-liposome-treated group than the control group (P<0.05). As a result, the lifespan of glioma-bearing rats treated with (188)Re-liposome was prolonged 10.67% compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The radiotherapeutic evaluation by dosimetry and survival studies have demonstrated that passive targeting (188)Re-liposome via systemic administration can significantly prolong the lifespan of orthotopic glioma-bearing rats while maintaining reasonable systemic radiation safety. Therefore, (188)Re-liposome could be a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma multiforme treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yun J Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Te-Wei Lee
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wei-Hsin Hsu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Mau Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Lim SN, Pradhan AK, Barth RF, Nahar SN, Nakkula RJ, Yang W, Palmer AM, Turro C, Weldon M, Bell EH, Mo X. Tumoricidal activity of low-energy 160-KV versus 6-MV X-rays against platinum-sensitized F98 glioma cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:77-89. [PMID: 25266332 PMCID: PMC4572599 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were (i) to investigate the differences in effects between 160-kV low-energy and 6-MV high-energy X-rays, both by computational analysis and in vitro studies; (ii) to determine the effects of each on platinum-sensitized F98 rat glioma and murine B16 melanoma cells; and (iii) to describe the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity of a Pt(II) terpyridine platinum (Typ-Pt) complex. Simulations were performed using the Monte Carlo code Geant4 to determine enhancement in absorption of low- versus high-energy X-rays by Pt and to determine dose enhancement factors (DEFs) for a Pt-sensitized tumor phantom. In vitro studies were carried out using Typ-Pt and again with carboplatin due to the unexpected in vivo toxicity of Typ-Pt. Cell survival was determined using clonogenic assays. In agreement with computations and simulations, in vitro data showed up to one log unit reduction in surviving fractions (SFs) of cells treated with 1-4 µg/ml of Typ-Pt and irradiated with 160-kV versus 6-MV X-rays. DEFs showed radiosensitization in the 50-200 keV range, which fell to approximate unity at higher energies, suggesting marginal interactions at MeV energies. Cells sensitized with 1-5 or 7 µg/ml of carboplatin and then irradiated also showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in SFs. However, it was unlikely this was due to increased interactions. Theoretical and in vitro studies presented here demonstrated that the tumoricidal activity of low-energy X-rays was greater than that of high-energy X-rays against Pt-sensitized tumor cells. Determining whether radiosensitization is a function of increased interactions will require additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Lim
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 113 Biological Sciences Building, 484 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anil K Pradhan
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 113 Biological Sciences Building, 484 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sultana N Nahar
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robin J Nakkula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weilian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alycia M Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Newman & Wolfrom Laboratory, 100 W 18th Avenue, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Newman & Wolfrom Laboratory, 100 W 18th Avenue, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael Weldon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, 300 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Erica Hlavin Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, 300 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Cell death induced by ozone and various non-thermal plasmas: therapeutic perspectives and limitations. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7129. [PMID: 25410636 PMCID: PMC4238021 DOI: 10.1038/srep07129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma has been recognized as a promising tool across a vast variety of biomedical applications, with the potential to create novel therapeutic methods. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind non-thermal plasma cellular effects remains a significant challenge. In this study, we show how two types of different non-thermal plasmas induce cell death in mammalian cell cultures via the formation of multiple intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Our results showed a discrepancy in the superoxide accumulation and lysosomal activity in response to air and helium plasma, suggesting that triggered signalling cascades might be grossly different between different plasmas. In addition, the effects of ozone, a considerable component of non-thermal plasma, have been simultaneously evaluated and have revealed much faster and higher cytotoxic effects. Our findings offer novel insight into plasma-induced cellular responses, and provide a basis for better controlled biomedical applications.
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McNeill RS, Vitucci M, Wu J, Miller CR. Contemporary murine models in preclinical astrocytoma drug development. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:12-28. [PMID: 25246428 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite 6 decades of research, only 3 drugs have been approved for astrocytomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors. However, clinical drug development is accelerating with the transition from empirical, cytotoxic therapy to precision, targeted medicine. Preclinical animal model studies are critical for prioritizing drug candidates for clinical development and, ultimately, for their regulatory approval. For decades, only murine models with established tumor cell lines were available for such studies. However, these poorly represent the genomic and biological properties of human astrocytomas, and their preclinical use fails to accurately predict efficacy in clinical trials. Newer models developed over the last 2 decades, including patient-derived xenografts, genetically engineered mice, and genetically engineered cells purified from human brains, more faithfully phenocopy the genomics and biology of human astrocytomas. Harnessing the unique benefits of these models will be required to identify drug targets, define combination therapies that circumvent inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms, and develop molecular biomarkers predictive of drug response and resistance. With increasing recognition of the molecular heterogeneity of astrocytomas, employing multiple, contemporary models in preclinical drug studies promises to increase the efficiency of drug development for specific, molecularly defined subsets of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S McNeill
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Mark Vitucci
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
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Shapovalov Y, Zettel M, Spielman SC, Amico-Ruvio SA, Kelly EA, Sipe GO, Dickerson IM, Majewska AK, Brown EB. Fluoxetine modulates breast cancer metastasis to the brain in a murine model. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:598. [PMID: 25129445 PMCID: PMC4242485 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in the treatment of primary breast tumors, the outcome of
metastatic breast cancer remains dismal. Brain metastases present a particularly
difficult therapeutic target due to the “sanctuary” status of the brain, with
resulting inability of most chemotherapeutic agents to effectively eliminate
cancer cells in the brain parenchyma. A large number of breast cancer patients
receive various neuroactive drugs to combat complications of systemic anti-tumor
therapies and to treat concomitant diseases. One of the most prescribed groups of
neuroactive medications is anti-depressants, in particular selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Since SSRIs have profound effects on the brain, it is
possible that their use in breast cancer patients could affect the development of
brain metastases. This would provide important insight into the mechanisms
underlying brain metastasis. Surprisingly, this possibility has been poorly
explored. Methods We studied the effect of fluoxetine, an SSRI, on the development of brain
metastatic breast cancer using MDA-MB-231BR cells in a mouse model. Results The data demonstrate that fluoxetine treatment increases the number of brain
metastases, an effect accompanied by elevated permeability of the blood–brain
barrier, pro-inflammatory changes in the brain, and glial activation. This
suggests a possible role of brain-resident immune cells and glia in promoting
increased development of brain metastases. Conclusion Our results offer experimental evidence that neuroactive substances may
influence the pathogenesis of brain metastatic disease. This provides a starting
point for further investigations into possible mechanisms of interaction between
various neuroactive drugs, tumor cells, and the brain microenvironment, which may
lead to the discovery of compounds that inhibit metastasis to the brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-598) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Bolcaen J, Descamps B, Deblaere K, Boterberg T, De Vos Pharm F, Kalala JP, Van den Broecke C, Decrock E, Leybaert L, Vanhove C, Goethals I. (18)F-fluoromethylcholine (FCho), (18)F-fluoroethyltyrosine (FET), and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for the discrimination between high-grade glioma and radiation necrosis in rats: a PET study. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:38-45. [PMID: 25218024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discrimination between (high-grade) brain tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis (RN) remains a diagnostic challenge because both entities have similar imaging characteristics on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Metabolic imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) could overcome this diagnostic dilemma. In this study, we investigated the potential of 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG), O-(2-[(18)F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ((18)F-FET), and [(18)F]-Fluoromethyl-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium ((18)F-fluoromethylcholine, (18)F-FCho) PET in discriminating high-grade tumor from RN. METHODS We developed a glioblastoma (GB) rat model by inoculating F98 GB cells into the right frontal region. Induction of RN was achieved by irradiating the right frontal region with 60 Gy using three arcs with a beam aperture of 3×3 mm (n=3). Dynamic PET imaging with (18)F-FDG, (18)F-FET, and (18)F-FCho, as well as (18)F-FDG PET at a delayed time interval (240 min postinjection), was acquired. RESULTS MRI revealed contrast-enhancing tumors at 15 days after inoculation (n=4) and contrast-enhancing RN lesions 5-6 months postirradiation (n=3). On (18)F-FDG PET, the mean lesion-to-normal ratio (LNRmean) was significantly higher in GB than in RN (p=0.034). The difference in the LNRmean between tumors and RN was higher on the late (18)F-FDG PET images than on the PET images reconstructed from the last time frame of the dynamic acquisition (this is at a conventional time interval). LNRs obtained from (18)F-FCho PET were not significantly different between GB and RN (p=1.000). On (18)F-FET PET, the LNRmean was significantly higher in GB compared to RN (p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS Unlike (18)F-FCho, (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FET PET were effective in discriminating GB from RN. Interestingly, in the case of (18)F-FDG, delayed PET seems particularly useful. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Our results suggest that (delayed) (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FET PET can be used to discriminate GB (recurrence) from RN. Confirmation of these results in clinical studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- iMinds Medical IT - MEDISIP - Infinity lab, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Deblaere
- Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences-Physiology group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences-Physiology group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- iMinds Medical IT - MEDISIP - Infinity lab, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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MRI-guided 3D conformal arc micro-irradiation of a F98 glioblastoma rat model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP). J Neurooncol 2014; 120:257-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Simeonova I, Huillard E. In vivo models of brain tumors: roles of genetically engineered mouse models in understanding tumor biology and use in preclinical studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4007-26. [PMID: 25008045 PMCID: PMC4175043 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although our knowledge of the biology of brain tumors has increased tremendously over the past decade, progress in treatment of these deadly diseases remains modest. Developing in vivo models that faithfully mirror human diseases is essential for the validation of new therapeutic approaches. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) provide elaborate temporally and genetically controlled systems to investigate the cellular origins of brain tumors and gene function in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, they can prove to be valuable tools for testing targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss GEMMs of brain tumors, focusing on gliomas and medulloblastomas. We describe how they provide critical insights into the molecular and cellular events involved in the initiation and maintenance of brain tumors, and illustrate their use in preclinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Simeonova
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) UMR-S975, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
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209
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Tetard MC, Vermandel M, Mordon S, Lejeune JP, Reyns N. Experimental use of photodynamic therapy in high grade gliomas: a review focused on 5-aminolevulinic acid. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:319-30. [PMID: 24905843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of a laser light exposure of tumor cells photosensitized by general or local administration of a pharmacological agent. Nowadays, PDT is a clinically established modality for treatment of many cancers. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) has proven its rational in fluoro-guided resection of malignant gliomas due to a selective tumor uptake and minimal skin sensitization. Moreover, the relatively specific accumulation of photosensitizing PPIX within the tumor cells has gained interest in the PDT of malignant gliomas. Several experimental and clinical studies have then established ALA-PDT as a valuable adjuvant therapy in the management of malignant gliomas. However, the procedure still requires optimizations in the fields of tissue oxygenation status, photosensitizer concentration or scheme of laser light illumination. In this extensive review, we focused on the methods and results of ALA-PDT for treating malignant gliomas in experimental conditions. The biological mechanisms, the effects on tumor and normal brain tissue, and finally the critical issues to optimize the efficacy of ALA-PDT were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Tetard
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
| | - Maximilien Vermandel
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France.
| | | | - Jean-Paul Lejeune
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
| | - Nicolas Reyns
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
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Li XQ, Ouyang ZG, Zhang SH, Liu H, Shang Y, Li Y, Zhen YS. Synergy of enediyne antibiotic lidamycin and temozolomide in suppressing glioma growth with potentiated apoptosis induction. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:91-100. [PMID: 24842385 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the synergistic efficacy of an enediyne antibiotic lidamycin (LDM) plus temozolomide (TMZ) against glioma in vitro and in vivo. LDM plus TMZ inhibited the proliferations of rat glioma C6 cells and human glioma U87 cells more efficiently than the single usage of LDM or TMZ. In addition, LDM also potentiated the apoptosis inductions by TMZ in rat C6 cells and human U87 cells. Meanwhile, the results of TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay for subcutaneous U87 tumor sections indicated an enhanced apoptosis induction in vivo by LDM plus TMZ, which confirmed the high potency of the combination for glioma therapy. As determined by Western blot, apoptosis signal pathways in C6 cells and U87 cells were markedly affected by the synergistic alteration of P53, bax, procaspase 3, and bcd-2 expression. In both subcutaneous U87 xenograft and C6 intracerebral orthotopic implant model, TMZ-induced glioma growth suppression was dramatically potentiated by LDM. As shown, the combination therapy efficiently reduced the tumor volumes and tumor weights of the human glioma U87 xenograft. Kaplan-Meier assay revealed that LDM plus TMZ dramatically prolonged the life span of C6 intracerebral tumor-bearing rats with decreased tumor size. This study indicates that the combination of LDM with TMZ might be a promising strategy for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Qi Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
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211
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Lainé AL, Clavreul A, Rousseau A, Tétaud C, Vessieres A, Garcion E, Jaouen G, Aubert L, Guilbert M, Benoit JP, Toillon RA, Passirani C. Inhibition of ectopic glioma tumor growth by a potent ferrocenyl drug loaded into stealth lipid nanocapsules. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1667-77. [PMID: 24842766 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this work, a novel ferrocenyl complex (ansa-FcdiOH) was assessed for brain tumor therapy through stealth lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). Stealth LNCs, prepared according to a one-step process, showed rapid uptake by cancer cells and extended blood circulation time. The ferrocenyl complex was successfully encapsulated into these LNCs measuring 40 nm with a high loading capacity (6.4%). In vitro studies showed a potent anticancer effect of ansa-FcdiOH on 9L cells with a low IC50 value (0.1 μM) associated with an oxidative stress and a dose-dependent alteration of the cell cycle. Repeated intravenous injections of stealth ansa-FcdiOH LNCs in ectopic glioma bearing rats induced a significant tumor growth inhibition, supported by a reduced number of proliferative cells in tumors compared to control group. Additionally, no liver damage was observed in treated animals. These results indicated that stealth ansa-FcdiOH LNCs might be considered as a potential new approach for cancer chemotherapy. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, a novel ferrocenyl complex was assessed for brain tumor therapy through stealth lipid nanocapsules, demonstrating no liver damage, and superior tumor volume reduction compared to saline and stealth lipid nanocapsules alone in an ectopic glioma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Lainé
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France; Département de Neurochirurgie - CHU, Angers, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire - CHU, Angers, France
| | - Clément Tétaud
- Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France; Département de Neurochirurgie - CHU, Angers, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Garcion
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France
| | | | - Léo Aubert
- Inserm U908, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France
| | | | - Catherine Passirani
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France.
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212
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Immunocompetent murine models for the study of glioblastoma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2014; 12:107. [PMID: 24779345 PMCID: PMC4012243 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a lethal diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. (NEJM 352:987-96, 2005) Although immunotherapy-based approaches are capable of inducing detectable immune responses against tumor-specific antigens, improvements in clinical outcomes are modest, in no small part due to tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms that promote immune escape and immuno-resistance. Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at bolstering the immune response while neutralizing immunosuppression will play a critical role in improving treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients. In vivo murine models of glioma provide an invaluable resource to achieving that end, and their use is an essential part of the preclinical workup for novel therapeutics that need to be tested in animal models prior to testing experimental therapies in patients. In this article, we review five contemporary immunocompetent mouse models, GL261 (C57BL/6), GL26 (C57BL/6) CT-2A (C57BL/6), SMA-560 (VM/Dk), and 4C8 (B6D2F1), each of which offer a suitable platform for testing novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Pereira MSL, Zenki K, Cavalheiro MM, Thomé CC, Filippi-Chiela EC, Lenz G, de Souza DOG, de Oliveira DL. Cellular senescence induced by prolonged subculture adversely affects glutamate uptake in C6 lineage. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:973-84. [PMID: 24706093 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several researchers have recently used C6 cells to evaluate functional properties of high-affinity glutamate transporters. However, it has been demonstrated that this lineage suffers several morphological and biochemical alterations according to the number of passages in culture. Currently, there are no reports showing whether functional properties of high-affinity glutamate transporters comply with these sub culturing-dependent modifications. The present study aimed to compare the functional properties of high-affinity glutamate transporters expressed in early (EPC6) and late (LPC6) passage C6 cells through a detailed pharmacological and biochemical characterization. Between 60-180 min of L-[(3)H]glu incubation, LPC6 presented an intracellular [(3)H] 55% lower than EPC6. Both cultures showed a time-dependent increase of intracellular [(3)H] reaching maximal levels at 120 min. Cultures incubated with D-[(3)H]asp showed a time-dependent increase of [(3)H] until 180 min. Moreover, LPC6 have a D-[(3)H]asp-derived intracellular [(3)H] 30-45% lower than EPC6 until 120 min. Only EAAT3 was immunodetected in cultures and its total content was equal between them. PMA-stimulated EAAT3 trafficking to membrane increased 50% of L-[(3)H]glu-derived intracellular [(3)H] in EPC6 and had no effect in LPC6. LPC6 displayed characteristics that resemble senescence, such as high β-Gal staining, cell enlargement and increase of large and regular nuclei. Our results demonstrated that LPC6 exhibited glutamate uptake impairment, which may have occurred due to its inability to mobilize EAAT3 to cell membrane. This profile might be related to senescent process observed in this culture. Our results suggest that LPC6 cells are an inappropriate glial cellular model to investigate the functional properties of high-affinity glutamate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Stéfani Leivas Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 prédio anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil,
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Characterization of the 9L gliosarcoma implanted in the Fischer rat: an orthotopic model for a grade IV brain tumor. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6221-33. [PMID: 24633919 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among rodent models for brain tumors, the 9L gliosarcoma is one of the most widely used. Our 9L-European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) model was developed from cells acquired at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (NY, USA) in 1997 and implanted in the right caudate nucleus of syngeneic Fisher rats. It has been largely used by the user community of the ESRF during the last decade, for imaging, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, including innovative treatments based on particular irradiation techniques and/or use of new drugs. This work presents a detailed study of its characteristics, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetic analysis. The data used for this work were from rats sampled in six experiments carried out over a 3-year period in our lab (total number of rats = 142). The 9L-ESRF tumors were induced by a stereotactic inoculation of 10(4) 9L cells in the right caudate nucleus of the brain. The assessment of vascular parameters was performed by MRI (blood volume fraction and vascular size index) and by immunostaining of vessels (rat endothelial cell antigen-1 and type IV collagen). Immunohistochemistry and regular histology were used to describe features such as tumor cell infiltration, necrosis area, nuclear pleomorphism, cellularity, mitotic characteristics, leukocytic infiltration, proliferation, and inflammation. Moreover, for each of the six experiments, the survival of the animals was assessed and related to the tumor growth observed by MRI or histology. Additionally, the cytogenetic status of the 9L cells used at ESRF lab was investigated by comparative genomics hybridization analysis. Finally, the response of the 9L-ESRF tumor to radiotherapy was estimated by plotting the survival curves after irradiation. The median survival time of 9L-ESRF tumor-bearing rats was highly reproducible (19-20 days). The 9L-ESRF tumors presented a quasi-exponential growth, were highly vascularized with a high cellular density and a high proliferative index, accompanied by signs of inflammatory responses. We also report an infiltrative pattern which is poorly observed on conventional 9 L tumor. The 9L-ESRF cells presented some cytogenetic specificities such as altered regions including CDK4, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MDM2 genes. Finally, the lifespan of 9L-ESRF tumor-bearing rats was enhanced up to 28, 35, and 45 days for single doses of 10, 20, and 2 × 20 Gy, respectively. First, this report describes an animal model that is used worldwide. Second, we describe few features typical of our model if compared to other 9L models worldwide. Altogether, the 9L-ESRF tumor model presents characteristics close to the human high-grade gliomas such as high proliferative capability, high vascularization and a high infiltrative pattern. Its response to radiotherapy demonstrates its potential as a tool for innovative radiotherapy protocols.
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Weir C, Hudson AL, Moon E, Ross A, Alexander M, Peters L, Langova V, Clarke SJ, Pavlakis N, Davey R, Howell VM. Streptavidin: A Novel Immunostimulant for the Selection and Delivery of Autologous and Syngeneic Tumor Vaccines. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:469-79. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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216
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Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H, Movahedi F, Koohi Moftakhari Esfahani M, Alavi SE, Eslamifar A, Mohammadi Anaraki G, Akbarzadeh A. Efficacy of Cisplatin-loaded polybutyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles on the glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4799-806. [PMID: 24443270 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is known as one of the most aggressive human cancers. To gain access of the brain, therapeutic agents must overcome blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, Cisplatin (Cispt)-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared through miniemulsion polymerization technique. They were coated with polysorbate 80 to cross the BBB of glioblastoma-bearing rats. Prepared NPs were characterized with respect to their size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, cytotoxicity effects, drug release, and stability pattern. Size and zeta potential of nanodrug were found to be 489 nm and -20 mV, while drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were determined to be 5% and 25%, respectively. Release studies demonstrated high retention capability of nanodrug in that 3.18% of Cispt was released from NPs in a period of 51 h. NPs presented acceptable stability after 2 months and lyophilization. Mean survival time in nanodrug receivers was 19.6 days, while it was 17.5 days for free drug receivers. Histological studies demonstrated efficacy of PBCA NPs in reducing side effects. Finally, such preparation can be considered as a promising nanocarrier for other types of tumor.
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217
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Yang W, Barth RF, Huo T, Kabalka GW, Shaikh AL, Haider SA, Chandra S. Effects of l-DOPA pre-loading on the uptake of boronophenylalanine using the F98 glioma and B16 melanoma models. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 88:69-73. [PMID: 24485949 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of l-DOPA pre-loading on the uptake of BPA using the F98 rat glioma and the murine B16 melanoma models. In vitro pretreatments of F98 glioma and B16 melanoma cells with l-DOPA, followed by exposure to BPA increased boron uptake, as determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Based on this, in vivo studies were initiated in F98 glioma bearing rats. Initially, the l-DOPA dosing paradigm was evaluated. Maximum tumor boron uptake was observed following i.p. administration of l-DOPA (50mg/kg) followed 24h later by BPA (31.8±8.9 vs. 17.2±6.3µg/g for BPA alone). Next, the effect of l-DOPA pre-loading as a function of the route of administration of BPA was evaluated in F98 glioma bearing rats. The greatest increase in uptake was seen following i.v. administration of BPA, while in contrast no significant increase was seen following intracarotid (i.c.) administration (38.6±12.4 vs. 34.2±10.9). Cellular localization of the F98 glioma, as determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) boron imaging revealed equivalent tumor boron concentrations following l-DOPA pre-loading. In vivo studies in B16 melanoma bearing mice showed equivalent tumor boron values in treated and untreated mice, suggesting that the effects of l-DOPA pre-loading may depend both on the histologic type of tumor and its anatomic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilian Yang
- The Ohio State University, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rolf F Barth
- The Ohio State University, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Tianyao Huo
- The Ohio State University, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - George W Kabalka
- University of Tennessee, Department of Chemistry, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Aarif L Shaikh
- University of Tennessee, Department of Chemistry, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Syed A Haider
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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218
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Yang W, Barth RF, Huo T, Nakkula RJ, Weldon M, Gupta N, Agius L, Grecula JC. Radiation therapy combined with intracerebral administration of carboplatin for the treatment of brain tumors. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:25. [PMID: 24422671 PMCID: PMC3898032 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we determined if treatment combining radiation therapy (RT) with intracerebral (i.c.) administration of carboplatin to F98 glioma bearing rats could improve survival over that previously reported by us with a 15 Gy dose (5 Gy × 3) of 6 MV photons. METHODS First, in order to reduce tumor interstitial pressure, a biodistribution study was carried out to determine if pretreatment with dexamethasone alone or in combination with mannitol and furosemide (DMF) would increase carboplatin uptake following convection enhanced delivery (CED). Next, therapy studies were carried out in rats that had received carboplatin either by CED over 30 min (20 μg) or by Alzet pumps over 7 d (84 μg), followed by RT using a LINAC to deliver either 20 Gy (5 Gy × 4) or 15 Gy (7.5 Gy × 2) dose at 6 or 24 hrs after drug administration. Finally, a study was carried out to determine if efficacy could be improved by decreasing the time interval between drug administration and RT. RESULTS Tumor carboplatin values for D and DMF-treated rats were 9.4 ± 4.4 and 12.4 ± 3.2 μg/g, respectively, which were not significantly different (P = 0.14). The best survival data were obtained by combining pump delivery with 5 Gy × 4 of X-irradiation with a mean survival time (MST) of 107.7 d and a 43% cure rate vs. 83.6 d with CED vs. 30-35 d for RT alone and 24.6 d for untreated controls. Treatment-related mortality was observed when RT was initiated 6 h after CED of carboplatin and RT was started 7 d after tumor implantation. Dividing carboplatin into two 10 μg doses and RT into two 7.5 Gy fractions, administered 24 hrs later, yielded survival data (MST 82.1 d with a 25% cure rate) equivalent to that previously reported with 5 Gy × 3 and 20 μg of carboplatin. CONCLUSIONS Although the best survival data were obtained by pump delivery, CED was highly effective in combination with 20 Gy, or as previously reported, 15 Gy, and the latter would be preferable since it would produce less late tissue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Bouchet A, Sakakini N, El Atifi M, Le Clec'h C, Brauer E, Moisan A, Deman P, Rihet P, Le Duc G, Pelletier L. Early gene expression analysis in 9L orthotopic tumor-bearing rats identifies immune modulation in molecular response to synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81874. [PMID: 24391709 PMCID: PMC3876987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) relies on the spatial fractionation of the synchrotron photon beam into parallel micro-beams applying several hundred of grays in their paths. Several works have reported the therapeutic interest of the radiotherapy modality at preclinical level, but biological mechanisms responsible for the described efficacy are not fully understood to date. The aim of this study was to identify the early transcriptomic responses of normal brain and glioma tissue in rats after MRT irradiation (400Gy). The transcriptomic analysis of similarly irradiated normal brain and tumor tissues was performed 6 hours after irradiation of 9 L orthotopically tumor-bearing rats. Pangenomic analysis revealed 1012 overexpressed and 497 repressed genes in the irradiated contralateral normal tissue and 344 induced and 210 repressed genes in tumor tissue. These genes were grouped in a total of 135 canonical pathways. More than half were common to both tissues with a predominance for immunity or inflammation (64 and 67% of genes for normal and tumor tissues, respectively). Several pathways involving HMGB1, toll-like receptors, C-type lectins and CD36 may serve as a link between biochemical changes triggered by irradiation and inflammation and immunological challenge. Most immune cell populations were involved: macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer, T and B lymphocytes. Among them, our results highlighted the involvement of Th17 cell population, recently described in tumor. The immune response was regulated by a large network of mediators comprising growth factors, cytokines, lymphokines. In conclusion, early response to MRT is mainly based on inflammation and immunity which appear therefore as major contributors to MRT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bouchet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Unit 836, Team Nanomedecine and brain, La Tronche, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Sakakini
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1090, Team Technlogical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Michèle El Atifi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Unit 836, Team Nanomedecine and brain, La Tronche, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Le Clec'h
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France
| | - Elke Brauer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France
| | - Anaïck Moisan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Unit 836, Team Functional NeuroImaging and Brain Perfusion, La Tronche, France
| | - Pierre Deman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Unit 836, Team Synchrotron Radiation and Medical Research, La Tronche, France
| | - Pascal Rihet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1090, Team Technlogical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Géraldine Le Duc
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Pelletier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Unit 836, Team Nanomedecine and brain, La Tronche, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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220
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Barth RF, Kabalka GW, Yang W, Huo T, Nakkula RJ, Shaikh AL, Haider SA, Chandra S. Evaluation of unnatural cyclic amino acids as boron delivery agents for treatment of melanomas and gliomas. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 88:38-42. [PMID: 24393770 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural cyclic amino acids (UNAAs) are a new class of boron delivery agents that are in a pre-clinical stage of evaluation. In the present study, the biodistribution of racemic forms of the cis- and trans-isomers of the boronated UNAA 1-amino-3-boronocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ABCPC) and 1-amino-3-boronocycloheptanecarboxylic acid (ABCHC) were evaluted in B16 melanoma bearing mice and this was compared to l-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA). Boron concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) at 2.5h following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the test agents at a concentration equivalent to 24mg/B/kg. While all compounds attained comparable tumor boron concentrations, the tumor/blood (T/Bl) boron concentration ratios were far superior for both cis-ABCPC and cis-ABCHC compared to BPA (T/Bl=16.4, and 15.1 vs. 5.4). Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging revealed that the cis-ABCPC delivered boron to the nuclei, as well as the cytoplasm of B16 cells. Next, a biodistribution study of cis-ABCPC and BPA was carried out in F98 glioma bearing rats following i.p. administration. Both compounds attained comparable tumor boron concentrations but the tumor/brain (T/Br) boron ratio was superior for cis-ABCPC compared to BPA (6 vs. 3.3). Since UNAAs are water soluble and cannot be metabolized by tumor cells, they could be potentially more effective boron delivery agents than BPA. Our data suggest that further studies are warranted to evaluate these compounds prior to the initiation of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F Barth
- The Ohio State University, Department of Pathology, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - George W Kabalka
- University of Tennessee, Department of Chemistry, 611 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Weilian Yang
- The Ohio State University, Department of Pathology, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tianyao Huo
- The Ohio State University, Department of Pathology, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robin J Nakkula
- The Ohio State University, Department of Pathology, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aarif L Shaikh
- University of Tennessee, Department of Chemistry, 611 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Syed A Haider
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Chandra S, Barth RF, Haider SA, Yang W, Huo T, Shaikh AL, Kabalka GW. Biodistribution and subcellular localization of an unnatural boron-containing amino acid (cis-ABCPC) by imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry for neutron capture therapy of melanomas and gliomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75377. [PMID: 24058680 PMCID: PMC3776788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new boron-delivery agents is a high priority for improving the effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy. In the present study, 1-amino-3-borono-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cis-ABCPC) as a mixture of its L- and D- enantiomers was evaluated in vivo using the B16 melanoma model for the human tumor and the F98 rat glioma as a model for human gliomas. A secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) based imaging instrument, CAMECA IMS 3F SIMS Ion Microscope, was used for quantitative imaging of boron at 500 nm spatial resolution. Both in vivo and in vitro studies in melanoma models demonstrated that boron was localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei with some cell-to-cell variability. Uptake of cis-ABCPC in B16 cells was time dependent with a 7.5:1 partitioning ratio of boron between cell nuclei and the nutrient medium after 4 hrs. incubation. Furthermore, cis-ABCPC delivered boron to cells in all phases of the cell cycle, including S-phase. In vivo SIMS studies using the F98 rat glioma model revealed an 8:1 boron partitioning ratio between the main tumor mass and normal brain tissue with a 5:1 ratio between infiltrating tumor cells and contiguous normal brain. Since cis-ABCPC is water soluble and can cross the blood-brain-barrier via the L-type amino acid transporters (LAT), it may accumulate preferentially in infiltrating tumor cells in normal brain due to up-regulation of LAT in high grade gliomas. Once trapped inside the tumor cell, cis-ABCPC cannot be metabolized and remains either in a free pool or bound to cell matrix components. The significant improvement in boron uptake by both the main tumor mass and infiltrating tumor cells compared to those reported in animal and clinical studies of p-boronophenylalanine strongly suggest that cis-ABCPC has the potential to become a novel new boron delivery agent for neutron capture therapy of gliomas and melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (RFB); (GWK)
| | - Rolf F. Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (RFB); (GWK)
| | - Syed A. Haider
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Weilian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tianyao Huo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aarif L. Shaikh
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - George W. Kabalka
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (RFB); (GWK)
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Floyd RA, Castro Faria Neto HC, Zimmerman GA, Hensley K, Towner RA. Nitrone-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases: their use alone or in combination with lanthionines. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:145-156. [PMID: 23419732 PMCID: PMC3715559 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of free radical reactions occurring in biological processes led to the development and employment of novel methods and techniques focused on determining their existence and importance in normal and pathological conditions. For this reason the use of nitrones for spin trapping free radicals became widespread in the 1970s and 1980s, when surprisingly the first evidence of their potent biological properties was noted. Since then widespread exploration and demonstration of the potent biological properties of phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and its derivatives took place in preclinical models of septic shock and then in experimental stroke. The most extensive commercial effort made to capitalize on the potent properties of the PBN-nitrones was for acute ischemic stroke. This occurred during 1993-2006, when the 2,4-disulfonylphenyl PBN derivative, called NXY-059 in the stroke studies, was shown to be safe in humans and was taken all the way through clinical phase 3 trials and then was deemed to be ineffective. As summarized in this review, because of its excellent human safety profile, 2,4-disulfonylphenyl PBN, now called OKN-007 in the cancer studies, was tested as an anti-cancer agent in several preclinical glioma models and shown to be very effective. Based on these studies this compound is now scheduled to enter into early clinical trials for astrocytoma/glioblastoma multiforme this year. The potential use of OKN-007 in combination with neurotropic compounds such as the lanthionine ketamine esters is discussed for glioblastoma multiforme as well as for various other indications leading to dementia, such as aging, septic shock, and malaria infections. There is much more research and development activity ongoing for various indications with the nitrones, alone or in combination with other active compounds, as briefly noted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Floyd
- Experimental Therapeutics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | | | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Laboratorio de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Pathology and Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Lee CC, Lai JH, Hueng DY, Ma HI, Chung YC, Sun YY, Tsai YJ, Wu WB, Chen CL. Disrupting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis disturbs the characteristics of glioblastoma stem-like cells of rat RG2 glioblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:85. [PMID: 23961808 PMCID: PMC3765790 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) have been shown to promote tumor growth, tumor-associated neovascularization, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. CXCR4 receptors have been found involved in the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug-resistant characteristics of glioblastoma. However, the role of CXCR4 in modulating the stem-like cell properties of rat glioblastoma remains ambiguous. METHODS To explore the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in maintaining rat GSC properties, we disrupted the CXCR4 signaling by using small hairpin interfering RNA (shRNA). To investigate the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in maintaining rat GSC properties, we used a spheroid formation assay to assess the stem cell self-renewal properties. A western blot analysis and PCR arrays were used to examine the genes involved in proliferation, self-renewal, and cancer drug resistance. Finally, DNA content and flow cytometry, an immunohistochemical analysis, and methylcellulose colony formation, in vitro invasive and intracranial injection xenograft assays were employed to examine the disruptive effect of CXCR4 on the characteristics of GSCs of the RG2 cell line. RESULTS Disrupting CXCR4 inhibited the proliferation of RG2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. The spheroid formation assay indicated that CXCR4 was vital for the self-renewal of RG2 GSCs. Disrupting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway also reduced the expression of GSC cell markers, including Nestin, ABCG2, and musashi (Msi), and the expression of genes involved in regulating stem cell properties, including Oct4, Nanog, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), MGMT, VEGF, MMP2, and MMP9. CONCLUSION The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is crucial for maintaining the self-renewal, proliferation, therapeutic resistance, and angiogenesis of GSCs of rat RG2 glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Cheng Lee
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Dervishi E, Larrat B, Pernot M, Adam C, Marie Y, Fink M, Delattre JY, Boch AL, Tanter M, Aubry JF. Transcranial high intensity focused ultrasound therapy guided by 7 TESLA MRI in a rat brain tumour model: a feasibility study. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:598-608. [PMID: 23941242 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.820357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcranial high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising approach for the treatment of brain tumours. Our objective is to validate a dedicated therapy monitoring system for rodents for transcranial HIFU therapy under MRI guidance in an in vivo brain tumour model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dedicated MR-compatible ultrasound therapy system and positioning frame was developed. Three MR-compatible prefocused ultrasonic monoelement transducers were designed, operating at 1.5 MHz and 2.5 MHz with different geometries. A full protocol of transcranial HIFU brain therapy under MRI guidance was applied in n = 19 rats without and n = 6 rats with transplanted tumours (RG2). Different heating strategies were tested. After treatment, histological study of the brain was performed in order to confirm thermal lesions. RESULTS Relying on a larger aperture and a higher frequency, the 2.5 MHz transducer was found to give better results than other ones. This single element transducer optimised the ratio of the temperature elevation at the focus to the one at the skull surface. Using optimised transducer and heating strategies enabled thermal necrosis both in normal and tumour tissues as verified by histology while limiting overheating in the tissues in contact with the skull. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a system for transcranial HIFU therapy guided by MRI was developed and tested in an in vivo rat brain tumour model. The feasibility of this therapy set-up to induce thermal lesions within brain tumours was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Dervishi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, INSERM - UMRS 975, CNRS 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
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Uptake of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine in reactive astrocytosis in the vicinity of cerebral gliomas. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:795-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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226
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He T, Smith N, Saunders D, Pittman BP, Lerner M, Lightfoot S, Silasi-Mansat R, Lupu F, Towner RA. Molecular MRI differentiation of VEGF receptor-2 levels in C6 and RG2 glioma models. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 3:300-311. [PMID: 23901356 PMCID: PMC3715774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is an important angiogenic marker over-expressed in gliomas. With the use of molecular magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) differing levels of VEGFR2 can be characterized in vivo with in rodent gliomas varying in angiogenesis. VEGFR2 levels were assessed by intravenous administration of an anti-VEGFR2 probe (anti-VEGFR2-albumin-Gd (gadolinium)-DTPA (diethylene triamine penta acetic acid)-biotin) into C6 or RG2 glioma-bearing rats, and visualized with mMRI. A non-specific IgG was coupled to the albumin-Gd-DTPA-biotin construct as a contrast agent molecular weight control. VEGFR2 levels are heterogeneous in different regions of C6 gliomas, whereas VEGFR2 was more homogenous or evenly distributed in RG2 gliomas. RG2 gliomas have less VEGFR2 within tumor periphery and peri-necrotic (p<0.05) regions, but more VEGFR2 within tumor interior regions (p<0.01), compared to C6 gliomas. mMRI results were confirmed with fluorescence staining and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) quantification of the anti-VEGFR2 probe in excised glioma and brain tissues, as well as detection of VEGFR2 in C6 and RG2 gliomas and corresponding contalateral brain tissues. Ex vivo VEGFR2 levels were found to be significantly higher in C6 gliomas compared to RG2 tumors (p<0.001), which corresponded with in vivo detection using the VEGFR2 probe. Immunohistochemistry staining for HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor 1α), which is associated with angiogenesis, indicated higher levels in RG2 (p<0.01) compared to C6 gliomas. The data suggests that C6 gliomas have angiogenesis which is associated more with large blood vessels in tumor periphery and peri-necrotic regions, and less microvascular angiogenesis within the tumor interior, compared to RG2 gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Benjamin P Pittman
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Stanley Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Robert Silasi-Mansat
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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227
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Keiner D, Heimann A, Kronfeld A, Sommer C, Mueller-Forell W, Kempski O, Oertel J. Towards a glioma model for surgical technique evaluation in the rat. Br J Neurosurg 2013; 28:86-92. [DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2013.804489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doerthe Keiner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Saarland , Homburg-Saar , Germany
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228
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Towner RA, Jensen RL, Colman H, Vaillant B, Smith N, Casteel R, Saunders D, Gillespie DL, Silasi-Mansat R, Lupu F, Giles CB, Wren JD. ELTD1, a potential new biomarker for gliomas. Neurosurgery 2013; 72:77-90; discussion 91. [PMID: 23096411 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e318276b29d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a high-grade glioma, is characterized by being diffuse, invasive, and highly angiogenic and has a very poor prognosis. Identification of new biomarkers could help in the further diagnosis of GBM. OBJECTIVE To identify ELTD1 (epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and 7 transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 on chromosome 1) as a putative glioma-associated marker via a bioinformatic method. METHODS We used advanced data mining and a novel bioinformatics method to predict ELTD1 as a potential novel biomarker that is associated with gliomas. Validation was done with immunohistochemistry, which was used to detect levels of ELTD1 in human high-grade gliomas and rat F98 glioma tumors. In vivo levels of ELTD1 in rat F98 gliomas were assessed using molecular magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS ELTD1 was found to be significantly higher (P = .03) in high-grade gliomas (50 patients) compared with low-grade gliomas (21 patients) and compared well with traditional immunohistochemistry markers including vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter 1, carbonic anhydrase IX, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. ELTD1 gene expression indicates an association with grade, survival across grade, and an increase in the mesenchymal subtype. Significantly high (P < .001) in vivo levels of ELTD1 were additionally found in F98 tumors compared with normal brain tissue. CONCLUSION Results of this study strongly suggests that associative analysis was able to accurately identify ELTD1 as a putative glioma-associated biomarker. The detection of ELTD1 was also validated in both rodent and human gliomas and may serve as an additional biomarker for gliomas in preclinical and clinical diagnosis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
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Zemp FJ, McKenzie BA, Lun X, Maxwell L, Reilly KM, McFadden G, Yong VW, Forsyth PA. Resistance to oncolytic myxoma virus therapy in nf1(-/-)/trp53(-/-) syngeneic mouse glioma models is independent of anti-viral type-I interferon. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65801. [PMID: 23762429 PMCID: PMC3675064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising preclinical studies, oncolytic viral therapy for malignant gliomas has resulted in variable, but underwhelming results in clinical evaluations. Of concern are the low levels of tumour infection and viral replication within the tumour. This discrepancy between the laboratory and the clinic could result from the disparity of xenograft versus syngeneic models in determining in vivo viral infection, replication and treatment efficacy. Here we describe a panel of primary mouse glioma lines derived from Nf1+/−Trp53+/− mice in the C57Bl/6J background for use in the preclinical testing of the oncolytic virus Myxoma (MYXV). These lines show a range of susceptibility to MYXV replication in vitro, but all succumb to viral-mediated cell death. Two of these lines orthotopically grafted produced aggressive gliomas. Intracranial injection of MYXV failed to result in sustained viral replication or treatment efficacy, with minimal tumour infection that was completely resolved by 7 days post-infection. We hypothesized that the stromal production of Type-I interferons (IFNα/β) could explain the resistance seen in these models; however, we found that neither the cell lines in vitro nor the tumours in vivo produce any IFNα/β in response to MYXV infection. To confirm IFNα/β did not play a role in this resistance, we ablated the ability of tumours to respond to IFNα/β via IRF9 knockdown, and generated identical results. Our studies demonstrate that these syngeneic cell lines are relevant preclinical models for testing experimental glioma treatments, and show that IFNα/β is not responsible for the MYXV treatment resistance seen in syngeneic glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J. Zemp
- Department of Oncology, Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brienne A. McKenzie
- Department of Oncology, Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Department of Oncology, Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lori Maxwell
- Department of Oncology, Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karlyne M. Reilly
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Grant McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter A. Forsyth
- Department of Oncology, Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and University of Southern Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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230
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Zhu Y, Hu J, Shen F, Shen H, Liu W, Zhang J. The cytotoxic effect of β-elemene against malignant glioma is enhanced by base-excision repair inhibitor methoxyamine. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:375-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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231
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Geisler S, Willuweit A, Schroeter M, Zilles K, Hamacher K, Galldiks N, Shah NJ, Coenen HH, Langen KJ. Detection of remote neuronal reactions in the Thalamus and Hippocampus induced by rat glioma using the PET tracer cis-4-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-proline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:724-31. [PMID: 23385199 PMCID: PMC3652687 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After cerebral ischemia or trauma, secondary neurodegeneration may occur in brain regions remote from the lesion. Little is known about the capacity of cerebral gliomas to induce secondary neurodegeneration. A previous study showed that cis-4-[(18)F]fluoro-D-proline (D-cis-[(18)F]FPro) detects secondary reactions of thalamic nuclei after cortical infarction with high sensitivity. Here we investigated the potential of D-cis-[(18)F]FPro to detect neuronal reactions in remote brain areas in the F98 rat glioma model using ex vivo autoradiography. Although the tumor tissue of F98 gliomas showed no significant D-cis-[(18)F]FPro uptake, we observed prominent tracer uptake in 7 of 10 animals in the nuclei of the ipsilateral thalamus, which varied with the specific connectivity with the cortical areas affected by the tumor. In addition, strong D-cis-[(18)F]FPro accumulation was noted in the hippocampal area CA1 in two animals with ipsilateral F98 gliomas involving hippocampal subarea CA3 rostral to that area. Furthermore, focal D-cis-[(18)F]FPro uptake was present in the necrotic center of the tumors. Cis-4-[(18)F]fluoro-D-proline uptake was accompanied by microglial activation in the thalamus, in the hippocampus, and in the necrotic center of the tumors. The data suggest that brain tumors induce secondary neuronal reactions in remote brain areas, which may be detected by positron emission tomography (PET) using D-cis-[(18)F]FPro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Geisler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4—Medical Imaging Physics, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4—Medical Imaging Physics, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1—Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C & O Vogt-Institute of Brain Research, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kurt Hamacher
- C & O Vogt-Institute of Brain Research, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5—Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadim J Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4—Medical Imaging Physics, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Heinz H Coenen
- C & O Vogt-Institute of Brain Research, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5—Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4—Medical Imaging Physics, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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232
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Jarzabek MA, Huszthy PC, Skaftnesmo KO, McCormack E, Dicker P, Prehn JH, Bjerkvig R, Byrne AT. In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging Validation of a Human Biopsy–Derived Orthotopic Mouse Model of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A. Jarzabek
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter C. Huszthy
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kai O. Skaftnesmo
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmet McCormack
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Dicker
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H.M. Prehn
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Aryal M, Vykhodtseva N, Zhang YZ, Park J, McDannold N. Multiple treatments with liposomal doxorubicin and ultrasound-induced disruption of blood-tumor and blood-brain barriers improve outcomes in a rat glioma model. J Control Release 2013; 169:103-11. [PMID: 23603615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) prevents the transport of most anticancer agents to the central nervous system and restricts delivery to infiltrating brain tumors. The heterogeneous vascular permeability in tumor vessels, along with several other factors, creates additional barriers for drug treatment of brain tumors. Focused ultrasound (FUS), when combined with circulating microbubbles, is an emerging noninvasive method to temporarily permeabilize the BBB and the "blood-tumor barrier". Here, we tested the impact of three weekly sessions of FUS and liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) in 9L rat glioma tumors. Animals that received FUS+DOX (N=8) had a median survival time that was increased significantly (P<0.001) compared to animals who received DOX only (N=6), FUS only (N=8), or no treatment (N=7). Median survival for animals that received FUS+DOX was increased by 100% relative to untreated controls, whereas animals who received DOX alone had only a 16% improvement. Animals who received only FUS showed no improvement. No tumor cells were found in histology in 4/8 animals in the FUS+DOX group, and in two animals, only a few tumor cells were detected. Adverse events in the treatment group included skin toxicity, impaired activity, damage to surrounding brain tissue, and tissue loss at the tumor site. In one animal, intratumoral hemorrhage was observed. These events are largely consistent with known side effects of doxorubicin and with an extensive tumor burden. Overall this work demonstrates that multiple sessions using this FUS technique to enhance the delivery of liposomal doxorubicin have a pronounced therapeutic effect in this rat glioma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Aryal
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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234
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Jerome NP, Hekmatyar SK, Kauppinen RA. Blood oxygenation level dependent, blood volume, and blood flow responses to carbogen and hypoxic hypoxia in 9L rat gliomas as measured by MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:110-9. [PMID: 23553891 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study vascular responsiveness to hypoxia and hypercarbia together with vessel size index (VSI) in a 9L rat glioma (n = 11) using multimodal MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS VSI was determined using T2 and T2* MRI following AMI-227 contrast agent. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal response was determined using T2 EPI MRI, blood volume changes using AMI-227 and blood flow by means of continuous arterial spin labeling. RESULTS VSI in the cortex, tumor rim, and core of 2.2 ± 1.0, 18.2 ± 5.4, and 23.9 ± 14.7 μm, respectively, showing a larger average vessel size in glioma than in the brain parenchyma. BOLD and blood volume signal changes to hypoxia and hypercapnia were much more profound in the tumor rim than the core. Hypoxia led to rim BOLD signal change that was larger in amplitude and it attained the low value much faster than either core or brain cortex. The vasculature in the rim appears more responsive to respiratory challenges in terms of volume adaptation than the core. Blood flow values within the gliomas were much lower than in the contralateral brain. Neither hypercarbia nor hypoxia had an effect on the tumor blood flow. CONCLUSION Vascular responses of 9L gliomas to respiratory challenge, in particular hypoxia, are heterogeneous between the core and rim zones, potentially offering a means to classify and separate intratumor tissues with differing hemodynamic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P Jerome
- Biomedical NMR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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235
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Wei KC, Chu PC, Wang HYJ, Huang CY, Chen PY, Tsai HC, Lu YJ, Lee PY, Tseng IC, Feng LY, Hsu PW, Yen TC, Liu HL. Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening to enhance temozolomide delivery for glioblastoma treatment: a preclinical study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58995. [PMID: 23527068 PMCID: PMC3602591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-monitored focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption to enhance Temozolomide (TMZ) delivery for improving Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) treatment. MRI-monitored FUS with microbubbles was used to transcranially disrupt the BBB in brains of Fisher rats implanted with 9L glioma cells. FUS-BBB opening was spectrophotometrically determined by leakage of dyes into the brain, and TMZ was quantitated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma by LC-MS\MS. The effects of treatment on tumor progression (by MRI), animal survival and brain tissue histology were investigated. Results demonstrated that FUS-BBB opening increased the local accumulation of dyes in brain parenchyma by 3.8-/2.1-fold in normal/tumor tissues. Compared to TMZ alone, combined FUS treatment increased the TMZ CSF/plasma ratio from 22.7% to 38.6%, reduced the 7-day tumor progression ratio from 24.03 to 5.06, and extended the median survival from 20 to 23 days. In conclusion, this study provided preclinical evidence that FUS BBB-opening increased the local concentration of TMZ to improve the control of tumor progression and animal survival, suggesting its clinical potential for improving current brain tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (H-LL); (K-CW)
| | - Po-Chun Chu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hay-Yan Jack Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chou Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Wei Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang-Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (H-LL); (K-CW)
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236
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Billingham C, Powell MR, Jenner KA, Johnston DA, Gatherer M, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Rat astrocytic tumour cells are associated with an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype in an organotypic model. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:243-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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237
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Hou H, Mupparaju SP, Lariviere JP, Hodge S, Gui J, Swartz HM, Khan N. Assessment of the changes in 9L and C6 glioma pO2 by EPR oximetry as a prognostic indicator of differential response to radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2013; 179. [PMID: 23391148 PMCID: PMC3633145 DOI: 10.1667/rr2811.1;10.1667/rr2811.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia impedes the outcome of radiotherapy. As the extent of hypoxia in solid tumors varies during the course of radiotherapy, methods that can provide repeated assessment of tumor pO2 such as EPR oximetry may enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy by scheduling irradiations when the tumors are oxygenated. The repeated measurements of tumor pO2 may also identify responders, and thereby facilitate the design of better treatment plans for nonresponding tumors. We have investigated the temporal changes in the ectopic 9L and C6 glioma pO2 irradiated with single radiation doses less than 10 Gy by EPR oximetry. The 9L and C6 tumors were hypoxic with pO2 of approximately 5-9 mmHg. The pO2 of C6 tumors increased significantly with irradiation of 4.8-9.3 Gy. However, no change in the 9L tumor pO2 was observed. The irradiation of the oxygenated C6 tumors with a second dose of 4.8 Gy resulted in a significant delay in growth compared to hypoxic and 2 Gy × 5 treatment groups. The C6 tumors with an increase in pO2 of greater than 50% from the baseline of irradiation with 4.8 Gy (responders) had a significant tumor growth delay compared to nonresponders. These results indicate that the ectopic 9L and C6 tumors responded differently to radiotherapy. We propose that the repeated measurement of the oxygen levels in the tumors during radiotherapy can be used to identify responders and to design tumor oxygen guided treatment plans to improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Hou
- EPR Center for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Sriram P. Mupparaju
- EPR Center for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jean P. Lariviere
- EPR Center for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Sassan Hodge
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jiang Gui
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Harold M. Swartz
- EPR Center for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Nadeem Khan
- EPR Center for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Address for correspondence: EPR Center for Viable Systems, 716 Vail, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755;
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238
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Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging of rat glioma models: a correlation study of MR imaging and histology. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2013. [PMID: 23192213 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e3182685436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DTI) can be used to characterize the microstructures of ordered biological tissues. This study was designed to assess histological features of gliomas and surrounding brain tissues in rats using DTI. METHODS Three types of tumors, a 9L gliosarcoma (n = 8), a F98 glioma (n = 5), and a human glioblastoma xenograft (GBM22; n = 8) were incubated in rat brains and underwent conventional MRI and DTI scanning using a 4.7-T animal MRI system. Fractional anisotropy (FA), isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient, parallel diffusivity (λ//), and perpendicular diffusivity (λ⊥), as well as histological features within several regions of interest were analyzed. RESULTS All tumor masses consisted of low-FA central zones (tumor center) and high-FA peripheral regions (tumor rim). Histological examination revealed the existence of highly coherent tumor organizations (circular for 9L and F98 or radial for GBM22) in the tumor rims. There were higher apparent diffusion coefficient, λ⊥, and λ// in the peritumoral edema compared to the contralateral gray matter. There were significantly lower FA and higher λ⊥ in the ipsilateral white matter than in the contralateral white matter for the GBM22 tumor, whereas there were no differences for the 9L and F98 tumors. Histologic examination showed GBM22 tumor infiltration into the ipsilateral damaged white matter. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative analysis of DTI indices provides useful information for assessing tumor microstructure and tumor cell invasion into the adjacent gray matter and white matter.
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Hou H, Mupparaju SP, Lariviere JP, Hodge S, Gui J, Swartz HM, Khan N. Assessment of the changes in 9L and C6 glioma pO2 by EPR oximetry as a prognostic indicator of differential response to radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2013; 179:343-51. [PMID: 23391148 DOI: 10.1667/rr2811.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia impedes the outcome of radiotherapy. As the extent of hypoxia in solid tumors varies during the course of radiotherapy, methods that can provide repeated assessment of tumor pO2 such as EPR oximetry may enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy by scheduling irradiations when the tumors are oxygenated. The repeated measurements of tumor pO2 may also identify responders, and thereby facilitate the design of better treatment plans for nonresponding tumors. We have investigated the temporal changes in the ectopic 9L and C6 glioma pO2 irradiated with single radiation doses less than 10 Gy by EPR oximetry. The 9L and C6 tumors were hypoxic with pO2 of approximately 5-9 mmHg. The pO2 of C6 tumors increased significantly with irradiation of 4.8-9.3 Gy. However, no change in the 9L tumor pO2 was observed. The irradiation of the oxygenated C6 tumors with a second dose of 4.8 Gy resulted in a significant delay in growth compared to hypoxic and 2 Gy × 5 treatment groups. The C6 tumors with an increase in pO2 of greater than 50% from the baseline of irradiation with 4.8 Gy (responders) had a significant tumor growth delay compared to nonresponders. These results indicate that the ectopic 9L and C6 tumors responded differently to radiotherapy. We propose that the repeated measurement of the oxygen levels in the tumors during radiotherapy can be used to identify responders and to design tumor oxygen guided treatment plans to improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Hou
- EPR Center for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Thermally targeted delivery of a c-Myc inhibitory polypeptide inhibits tumor progression and extends survival in a rat glioma model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55104. [PMID: 23372821 PMCID: PMC3555869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma is complicated by the tumors' high resistance to chemotherapy, poor penetration of drugs across the blood brain barrier, and damaging effects of chemotherapy and radiation to normal neural tissue. To overcome these limitations, a thermally responsive polypeptide was developed for targeted delivery of therapeutic peptides to brain tumors using focused hyperthermia. The peptide carrier is based on elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), which is a thermally responsive biopolymer that forms aggregates above a characteristic transition temperature. ELP was modified with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) to enhance delivery to brain tumors and mediate uptake across the tumor cells' plasma membranes and with a peptide inhibitor of c-Myc (H1). In rats with intracerebral gliomas, brain tumor targeting of ELP following systemic administration was enhanced up to 5-fold by the use of CPPs. When the lead CPP-ELP-fused c-Myc inhibitor was combined with focused hyperthermia of the tumors, an additional 3 fold increase in tumor polypeptide levels was observed, and 80% reduction in tumor volume, delayed onset of tumor-associated neurological deficits, and at least doubled median survival time including complete regression in 80% of animals was achieved. This work demonstrates that a c-Myc inhibitory peptide can be effectively delivered to brain tumors.
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241
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Towner RA, Gillespie DL, Schwager A, Saunders DG, Smith N, Njoku CE, Krysiak RS, Larabee C, Iqbal H, Floyd RA, Bourne DWA, Abdullah O, Hsu EW, Jensen RL. Regression of glioma tumor growth in F98 and U87 rat glioma models by the Nitrone OKN-007. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:330-40. [PMID: 23328810 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme, a World Health Organization grade IV glioma, has a poor prognosis in humans despite current treatment options. Here, we present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data regarding the regression of aggressive rat F98 gliomas and human U87 glioma xenografts after treatment with the nitrone compound OKN-007, a disulfonyl derivative of α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone. METHODS MRI was used to assess tumor volumes in F98 and U87 gliomas, and bioluminescence imaging was used to measure tumor volumes in F98 gliomas encoded with the luciferase gene (F98(luc)). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and microvessel density [MVD]), cell differentiation (carbonic anhydrase IX [CA-IX]), hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α [HIF-1α]), cell proliferation (glucose transporter 1 [Glut-1] and MIB-1), proliferation index, and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) markers in F98 gliomas. VEGF, CA-IX, Glut-1, HIF-1α, and cleaved caspase 3 were assessed in U87 gliomas. RESULTS Animal survival was found to be significantly increased (P < .001 for F98, P < .01 for U87) in the group that received OKN-007 treatment compared with the untreated groups. After MRI detection of F98 gliomas, OKN-007, administered orally, was found to decrease tumor growth (P < .05). U87 glioma volumes were found to significantly decrease (P < .05) after OKN-007 treatment, compared with untreated animals. OKN-007 administration resulted in significant decreases in tumor hypoxia (HIF-1α [P < .05] in both F98 and U87), angiogenesis (MVD [P < .05], but not VEGF, in F98 or U87), and cell proliferation (Glut-1 [P < .05 in F98, P < .01 in U87] and MIB-1 [P < .01] in F98) and caused a significant increase in apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3 [P < .001 in F98, P < .05 in U87]), compared with untreated animals. CONCLUSIONS OKN-007 may be considered as a promising therapeutic addition or alternative for the treatment of aggressive human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Felix FHC, Fontenele JB, Teles MG, Bezerra Neto JE, Santiago MHAM, Picanço Filho RL, Menezes DBD, Viana GSB, Moraes MOD. Cyclosporin safety in a simplified rat brain tumor implantation model. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2012; 70:52-8. [PMID: 22218474 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2012000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain cancer is the second neurological cause of death. A simplified animal brain tumor model using W256 (carcinoma 256, Walker) cell line was developed to permit the testing of novel treatment modalities. Wistar rats had a cell tumor solution inoculated stereotactically in the basal ganglia (right subfrontal caudate). This model yielded tumor growth in 95% of the animals, and showed absence of extracranial metastasis and systemic infection. Survival median was 10 days. Estimated tumor volume was 17.08 ± 6.7 mm(3) on the 7(th) day and 67.25 ± 19.8 mm(3) on 9(th) day post-inoculation. Doubling time was 24.25 h. Tumor growth induced cachexia, but no hematological or biochemical alterations. This model behaved as an undifferentiated tumor and can be promising for studying tumor cell migration in the central nervous system. Dexamethasone 3.0 mg/kg/day diminished significantly survival in this model. Cyclosporine 10 mg/kg/day administration was safely tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco H C Felix
- Pediatric hemato-oncologist, Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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243
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Sheehan JP, Xu Z, Popp B, Kowalski L, Schlesinger D. Inhibition of glioblastoma and enhancement of survival via the use of mibefradil in conjunction with radiosurgery. J Neurosurg 2012. [PMID: 23198803 DOI: 10.3171/2012.11.jns121087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The survival of patients with high-grade gliomas remains unfavorable. Mibefradil, a T-type calcium channel inhibitor capable of synchronizing dividing cells at the G1 phase, has demonstrated potential benefit in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents for gliomas in in vitro studies. In vivo study of mibefradil and radiosurgery is lacking. The authors used an intracranial C6 glioma model in rats to study tumor response to mibefradil and radiosurgery. METHODS Two weeks after implantation of C6 cells into the animals, each rat underwent MRI every 2 weeks thereafter for 8 weeks. After tumor was confirmed on MRI, the rats were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups. Tumor volumes were measured on MR images. Experimental Group 1 received 30 mg/kg of mibefradil intraperitoneally 3 times a day for 1 week starting on postoperative day (POD) 15; Group 2 received 8 Gy of cranial radiation via radiosurgery delivered on POD 15; Group 3 underwent radiosurgery on POD 15, followed by 1 week of mibefradil; and Group 4 received mibefradil on POD 15 for 1 week, followed by radiosurgery sometime from POD 15 to POD 22. Twenty-seven glioma-bearing rats were analyzed. Survival was compared between groups using Kaplan-Meier methodology. RESULTS Median survival in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 35, 31, 43, and 52 days, respectively (p = 0.036, log-rank test). Two animals in Group 4 survived to POD 60, which is twice the expected survival of untreated animals in this model. Analysis of variance and a post hoc test indicated no tumor volume differences on PODs 15 and 29. However, significant volume differences were found on POD 43; mean tumor volumes for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 250, 266, 167, and 34 mm(3), respectively (p = 0.046, ANOVA). A Cox proportional hazards regression test showed survival was associated with tumor volume on POD 29 (p = 0.001) rather than on POD 15 (p = 0.162). In vitro assays demonstrated an appreciable and dose-dependent increase in apoptosis between 2- and 7-μM concentrations of mibefradil. CONCLUSIONS Mibefradil response is schedule dependent and enhances survival and reduces glioblastoma when combined with ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Ceberg C, Jönsson BA, Prezado Y, Pommer T, Nittby H, Englund E, Grafström G, Edvardsson A, Stenvall A, Strömblad S, Wingårdh K, Persson B, Elleaume H, Baldetorp B, Salford LG, Strand SE. Photon activation therapy of RG2 glioma carrying Fischer rats using stable thallium and monochromatic synchrotron radiation. Phys Med Biol 2012. [PMID: 23201928 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/24/8377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
75 RG2 glioma-carrying Fischer rats were treated by photon activation therapy (PAT) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation and stable thallium. Three groups were treated with thallium in combination with radiation at different energy; immediately below and above the thallium K-edge, and at 50 keV. Three control groups were given irradiation only, thallium only, or no treatment at all. For animals receiving thallium in combination with radiation to 15 Gy at 50 keV, the median survival time was 30 days, which was 67% longer than for the untreated controls (p = 0.0020) and 36% longer than for the group treated with radiation alone (not significant). Treatment with thallium and radiation at the higher energy levels were not effective at the given absorbed dose and thallium concentration. In the groups treated at 50 keV and above the K-edge, several animals exhibited extensive and sometimes contra-lateral edema, neuronal death and frank tissue necrosis. No such marked changes were seen in the other groups. The results were discussed with reference to Monte Carlo calculated electron energy spectra and dose enhancement factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crister Ceberg
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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Huo T, Barth RF, Yang W, Nakkula RJ, Koynova R, Tenchov B, Chaudhury AR, Agius L, Boulikas T, Elleaume H, Lee RJ. Preparation, biodistribution and neurotoxicity of liposomal cisplatin following convection enhanced delivery in normal and F98 glioma bearing rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48752. [PMID: 23152799 PMCID: PMC3496719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate two novel liposomal formulations of cisplatin as potential therapeutic agents for treatment of the F98 rat glioma. The first was a commercially produced agent, Lipoplatin™, which currently is in a Phase III clinical trial for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The second, produced in our laboratory, was based on the ability of cisplatin to form coordination complexes with lipid cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS). The in vitro tumoricidal activity of the former previously has been described in detail by other investigators. The CHEMS liposomal formulation had a Pt loading efficiency of 25% and showed more potent in vitro cytotoxicity against F98 glioma cells than free cisplatin at 24 h. In vivo CHEMS liposomes showed high retention at 24 h after intracerebral (i.c.) convection enhanced delivery (CED) to F98 glioma bearing rats. Neurotoxicologic studies were carried out in non-tumor bearing Fischer rats following i.c. CED of Lipoplatin™ or CHEMS liposomes or their "hollow" counterparts. Unexpectedly, Lipoplatin™ was highly neurotoxic when given i.c. by CED and resulted in death immediately following or within a few days after administration. Similarly "hollow" Lipoplatin™ liposomes showed similar neurotoxicity indicating that this was due to the liposomes themselves rather than the cisplatin. This was particularly surprising since Lipoplatin™ has been well tolerated when administered intravenously. In contrast, CHEMS liposomes and their "hollow" counterparts were clinically well tolerated. However, a variety of dose dependent neuropathologic changes from none to severe were seen at either 10 or 14 d following their administration. These findings suggest that further refinements in the design and formulation of cisplatin containing liposomes will be required before they can be administered i.c. by CED for the treatment of brain tumors and that a formulation that may be safe when given systemically may be highly neurotoxic when administered directly into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Huo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rolf F. Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Weilian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robin J. Nakkula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rumiana Koynova
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Boris Tenchov
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abhik Ray Chaudhury
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Agius
- Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital and University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
| | - Teni Boulikas
- Regulon Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | | | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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da Silva AC, Cabral FR, Mamani JB, Malheiros JM, Polli RS, Tannus A, Vidoto E, Martins MJ, Sibov TT, Pavon LF, Miyaki LAM, Cárdenas WHZ, Malheiros SMF, Brandt RA, Amaro Júnior E, Gamarra LF. Tumor growth analysis by magnetic resonance imaging of the C6 glioblastoma model with prospects for the assessment of magnetohyperthermia therapy. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2012; 10:11-5. [PMID: 23045819 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082012000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to establish a pattern of tumor growth of the C6 model of glioblastoma multiform in Wistar rats via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the subsequent verification of tumor volume reduction due to magnetic hyperthermia therapy. METHODS Young male Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were used for the C6 model. After the rats were anesthetized (55 mg/ kg ketamine and 11 mg/kg xylazine), C6 lineage tumorigenic cells suspended in culture medium (10(5) cells in 10 microl) were stereotaxically injected into the right frontal cortex (bregma coordinates: 2.0 mm anteroposterior, 3.0 mm laterolateral, and 2.5 mm depth) of the rats using a Hamilton syringe. For the control group, the rats were injected with culture medium without cells. MRI scans were performed at 14, 21, and 28 d after the injection using a 2.0 T MRI scanner (Bruker BioSpec, Germany). The animals were anesthetized with 55 mg/kg ketamine and 11 mg/kg xylazine before being examined. Coronal multilayers were acquired using a standard spin echo sequence with the following parameters: repetition/echo time = 4.000 ms/67.1 ms, field of view = 3.50, matrix = 192, slice thickness = 0.4 mm, and slice separation = 0 mm. RESULTS The MRI analysis enabled a clear visualization of the tumor mass, and it was possible to establish the tumor volume parameters on the various days that were examined. The volume at 14 d after induction was 13.7 +/- 2.5 mm3. On days 21 and 28, the tumor volumes were 31.7 +/- 6.5 mm3 and 122.1 +/- 11.8 mm3, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the C6 model tumor volume in rats, which will allow for the future implementation and verification of magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André César da Silva
- Brain Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Callewaert M, Dukic S, Van Gulick L, Vittier M, Gafa V, Andry MC, Molinari M, Roullin VG. Etoposide encapsulation in surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles strongly enhances glioma antitumor efficiency. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1319-27. [PMID: 23065812 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide (VP-16) is a hydrophobic anticancer agent inhibiting Topoisomerase II, commonly used in pediatric brain chemotherapeutic schemes as mildly toxic. Unfortunately, despite its appropriate solubilization in vehicle solvents, its poor bioavailability and limited passage of the blood-brain barrier concur to disappointing results requiring the development of new delivery system forms. In this study, etoposide formulated as a parenteral injectable solution (Teva®) was loaded into all-biocompatible poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) or PLGA/P188-blended nanoparticles (size 110-130 nm) using a fully biocompatible nanoprecipitation technique. The presence of coprecipitated P188 on encapsulation efficacies and in vitro drug release was investigated. Drug encapsulation was determined using HPLC. Inflammatory response was checked by FACS analysis on human monocytes. Cytotoxic activity of the various simple (Teva®) or double (Teva®-loaded NPs) formulations was studied on the murine C6 and F98 cell lines. Obtained results suggest that, although noninflammatory neither nontoxic by themselves, the use of PLGA and PLGA/P188 nanoencapsulations over pre-existing etoposide formulation could induce a greatly improved cytotoxic activity. This approach demonstrated a promising perspective for parenteral delivery of VP16 and potential development of a therapeutic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Callewaert
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR UMR CNRS 7213), School of Pharmacy, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
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Mineharu Y, Muhammad AKMG, Yagiz K, Candolfi M, Kroeger KM, Xiong W, Puntel M, Liu C, Levy E, Lugo C, Kocharian A, Allison JP, Curran MA, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Gene therapy-mediated reprogramming tumor infiltrating T cells using IL-2 and inhibiting NF-κB signaling improves the efficacy of immunotherapy in a brain cancer model. Neurotherapeutics 2012; 9:827-43. [PMID: 22996231 PMCID: PMC3480576 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated gene therapy using adenovirus expressing Flt3 ligand and thymidine kinase followed by ganciclovir administration (Flt3/TK) effectively elicits tumor regression in preclinical glioma models. Herein, we assessed new strategies to optimize Flt3L/TK therapeutic efficacy in a refractory RG2 orthotopic glioblastoma model. Specifically, we aimed to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of Flt3L/TK treatment in the RG2 model by overexpressing the following genes within the brain tumor microenvironment: 1) a TK mutant with enhanced cytotoxicity (SR39 mutant TK), 2) Flt3L-IgG fusion protein that has a longer half-life, 3) CD40L to stimulate DC maturation, 4) T helper cell type 1 polarizing dendritic cell cytokines interleukin-12 or C-X-C motif ligand 10 chemokine (CXCL)-10, 5) C-C motif ligand 2 chemokine (CCL2) or C-C motif ligand 3 chemokine (CCL3) to enhance dendritic cell recruitment into the tumor microenvironment, 6) T helper cell type 1 cytokines interferon-γ or interleukin-2 to enhance effector T-cell functions, and 7) IκBα or p65RHD (nuclear factor kappa-B [NF-κB] inhibitors) to suppress the function of Foxp3+ Tregs and enhanced effector T-cell functions. Anti-tumor immunity and tumor specific effector T-cell functions were assessed by cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay and intracellular IFN-γ staining. Our data showed that overexpression of interferon-γ or interleukin-2, or inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B within the tumor microenvironment, enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and successfully extended the median survival of rats bearing intracranial RG2 when combined with Flt3L/TK. These findings indicate that enhancement of T-cell functions constitutes a critical therapeutic target to overcome immune evasion and enhance therapeutic efficacy for brain cancer. In addition, our study provides novel targets to be used in combination with immune-therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma, which are currently being tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mineharu
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - AKM Ghulam Muhammad
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kader Yagiz
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kurt M. Kroeger
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Eva Levy
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Claudia Lugo
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Adrina Kocharian
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - James P. Allison
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Michael A. Curran
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0650 USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0650 USA
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0650 USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0650 USA
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Qutaish MQ, Sullivant KE, Burden-Gulley SM, Lu H, Roy D, Wang J, Basilion JP, Brady-Kalnay SM, Wilson DL. Cryo-image analysis of tumor cell migration, invasion, and dispersal in a mouse xenograft model of human glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:572-83. [PMID: 22125093 PMCID: PMC3444683 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goals of this study were to create cryo-imaging methods to quantify characteristics (size, dispersal, and blood vessel density) of mouse orthotopic models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and to enable studies of tumor biology, targeted imaging agents, and theranostic nanoparticles. PROCEDURES Green fluorescent protein-labeled, human glioma LN-229 cells were implanted into mouse brain. At 20-38 days, cryo-imaging gave whole brain, 4-GB, 3D microscopic images of bright field anatomy, including vasculature, and fluorescent tumor. Image analysis/visualization methods were developed. RESULTS Vessel visualization and segmentation methods successfully enabled analyses. The main tumor mass volume, the number of dispersed clusters, the number of cells/cluster, and the percent dispersed volume all increase with age of the tumor. Histograms of dispersal distance give a mean and median of 63 and 56 μm, respectively, averaged over all brains. Dispersal distance tends to increase with age of the tumors. Dispersal tends to occur along blood vessels. Blood vessel density did not appear to increase in and around the tumor with this cell line. CONCLUSION Cryo-imaging and software allow, for the first time, 3D, whole brain, microscopic characterization of a tumor from a particular cell line. LN-229 exhibits considerable dispersal along blood vessels, a characteristic of human tumors that limits treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Q Qutaish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Room 319 Wickenden Bldg., 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207, USA
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Grossman R, Tyler B, Brem H, Eberhart CG, Wang S, Fu DX, Wen Z, Zhou J. Growth properties of SF188/V+ human glioma in rats in vivo observed by magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurooncol 2012; 110:315-23. [PMID: 23011120 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SF188/V+ is a highly vascular human glioma model that is based on transfection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) cDNA into SF188/V- cells. This study aims to assess its growth and vascularity properties in vivo in a rat model. Thirty-two adult rats were inoculated with SF188/V+ tumor cells, and, for comparison, five were inoculated with SF188/V- tumor cells. Several conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were acquired, and several quantitative structural (T(2) and T(1)), functional [isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and blood flow], and molecular [protein and peptide-based amide proton transfer (APT)] MRI parameters were mapped on a 4.7 T animal scanner. In rats inoculated with SF188/V+ tumor cells, conventional T(2)-weighted images showed a highly heterogeneous tumor mass, and post-contrast T(1)-weighted images showed a heterogeneous, strong enhancement of the mass. There were moderate increases in T(2), T(1), and ADC, and large increases in blood flow and APT in the tumor, compared to contralateral brain tissue. Microscopic examination revealed prominent vascularity and hemorrhage in the VEGF-secreting xenografts as compared to controls, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed increased expression of VEGF in tumor xenografts. Our results indicate that the SF188/V+ glioma model exhibits some MRI and histopathology features that closely resemble human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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