201
|
Yakovleva AS, Mirolyubova OA, Supryadkina TV. SERUM MARKERS OF APOPTOSIS AND CONVENTIONAL RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND HEALTHY RESIDENTS OF ARKHANGELSK REGION: TRENDS, CAUSES, AND CONSEQUENCES. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2013. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2013-3-18-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
202
|
Interplay between Misplaced Müllerian-Derived Stem Cells and Peritoneal Immune Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2013; 2013:527041. [PMID: 23843796 PMCID: PMC3697788 DOI: 10.1155/2013/527041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the genetic regulation of Müllerian structures development, a key role is played by Hoxa and Wnt clusters, because they lead the transcription of different genes according to the different phases of the organogenesis, addressing correctly cell-to-cell interactions, allowing, finally, the physiologic morphogenesis. Accumulating evidence is suggesting that dysregulation of Wnt and/or Hox genes may affect cell migration during organogenesis and differentiation of Müllerian structures of the female reproductive tract, with possible dislocation and dissemination of primordial endometrial stem cells in ectopic regions, which have high plasticity to differentiation. We hypothesize that during postpubertal age, under the influence of different stimuli, these misplaced and quiescent ectopic endometrial cells could acquire new phenotype, biological functions, and immunogenicity. So, these kinds of cells may differentiate, specializing in epithelium, glands, and stroma to form a functional ectopic endometrial tissue. This may provoke a breakdown in the peritoneal cavity homeostasis, with the consequent processes of immune alteration, documented by peripheral mononuclear cells recruitment and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in early phases and of angiogenic and fibrogenic cytokines in the late stages of the disease.
Collapse
|
203
|
Relation of the Fas and FasL gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2637-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
204
|
Inhibition of Fas-Fas ligand interaction attenuates microvascular hyperpermeability following hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2013; 39:161-7. [PMID: 23324886 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31827bba73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced microvascular hyperpermeability poses a serious challenge in the management of trauma patients. Microvascular hyperpermeability occurs mainly because of the disruption of endothelial cell adherens junctions, where the "intrinsic" apoptotic signaling plays a regulatory role. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of the "extrinsic" apoptotic signaling molecules, particularly Fas-Fas ligand interaction in microvascular endothelial barrier integrity. Rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMECs) were exposed to HS serum in the presence or absence of the Fas ligand inhibitor, FasFc. The effect of HS serum on Fas receptor and Fas ligand expression on RLMECs was determined by flow cytometry. Endothelial cell permeability was determined by monolayer permeability assay and the barrier integrity by β-catenin immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation was determined using dihydrorhodamine 123 probe by fluorescent microscopy. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was studied by fluorescent microscopy as well as flow cytometry. Caspase 3 enzyme activity was assayed fluorometrically. Rat lung microvascular endothelial cells exposed to HS serum showed increase in Fas receptor and Fas ligand expression levels. FasFc treatment showed protection against HS serum-induced disruption of the adherens junctions and monolayer hyperpermeability (P < 0.05) in the endothelial cells. Pretreatment with FasFc also decreased HS serum-induced increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation, restored HS serum-induced drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and reduced HS serum-induced caspase 3 activity in RLMECs. These findings open new avenues for drug development to manage HS-induced microvascular hyperpermeability by targeting the Fas-Fas ligand-mediated pathway.
Collapse
|
205
|
Ivanova V, Garbuzenko OB, Reuhl KR, Reimer DC, Pozharov VP, Minko T. Inhalation treatment of pulmonary fibrosis by liposomal prostaglandin E2. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 84:335-44. [PMID: 23228437 PMCID: PMC3660419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and often fatal form of interstitial lung disease. We hypothesized that the local pulmonary delivery of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by liposomes can be used for the effective treatment of IPF. To test this hypothesis, we used a murine model of bleomycin-induced IPF to evaluate liposomal delivery of PGE2 topically to the lungs. Animal survival, body weight, hydroxyproline content in the lungs, lung histology, mRNA, and protein expression were studied. After inhalation delivery, liposomes accumulated predominately in the lungs. In contrast, intravenous administration led to the accumulation of liposomes mainly in kidney, liver, and spleen. Liposomal PGE2 prevented the disturbances in the expression of many genes associated with the development of IPF, substantially restricted inflammation and fibrotic injury in the lung tissues, prevented decrease in body weight, limited hydroxyproline accumulation in the lungs, and virtually eliminated mortality of animals after intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. In summary, our data provide evidence that pulmonary fibrosis can be effectively treated by the inhalation administration of liposomal form of PGE2 into the lungs. The results of the present investigations make the liposomal form of PGE2 an attractive drug for the effective inhalation treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ivanova
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Olga B. Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Reuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David C. Reimer
- Laboratory Animal Services, Rutgers, The State University of new Jersey, D 108 Nelson Biological Labs, Busch Campus, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Vitaly P. Pozharov
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Kokkonen TS, Karttunen TJ. Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in different cell lineages and functional compartments of human lymph nodes. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 58:131-40. [PMID: 19826071 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.954669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have optimized an immunohistochemical double-staining method combining immunohistochemical lymphocyte lineage marker detection and apoptosis detection with terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. The method was used to trace Fas-mediated apoptosis in human reactive lymph nodes according to cell lineage and anatomical location. In addition to Fas, we also studied the expression of Fas ligand (FasL), CD3, CD20, CD19, CD23, and CD68 of apoptotic cells. The presence of simultaneous Fas and FasL positivity indicated involvement of activation-induced death in the induction of paracortical apoptosis. FasL expression in the high endothelial venules might be an inductor of apoptosis of Fas-positive lymphoid cells. In addition to B-lymphocyte apoptosis in the germinal centers, there was often a high apoptosis rate of CD23-expressing follicular dendritic cells. In summary, our double-staining method provides valuable new information about the occurrence and mechanisms of apoptosis of different immune cell types in the lymph node compartments. Among other things, we present support for the importance of Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis in lymph node homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo S Kokkonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
207
|
Telieps T, Ewald F, Gereke M, Annemann M, Rauter Y, Schuster M, Ueffing N, von Smolinski D, Gruber AD, Bruder D, Schmitz I. Cellular-FLIP, Raji isoform (c-FLIP R) modulates cell death induction upon T-cell activation and infection. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1499-510. [PMID: 23505065 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of apoptosis caused by an imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression can lead to cancer, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. Cellular-FLIP (c-FLIP) proteins inhibit apoptosis directly at the death-inducing signaling complex of death receptors, such as CD95, and have been linked to apoptosis regulation during immune responses. While the isoforms c-FLIPL and c-FLIPS are well characterized, the function of c-FLIPR remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the induction of endogenous murine c-FLIPR in activated lymphocytes for the first time. To analyze c-FLIPR function in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing murine c-FLIPR specifically in hematopoietic cells. As expected, lymphocytes from c-FLIPR transgenic mice were protected against CD95-induced apoptosis in vitro. In the steady state, transgenic mice had normal cell numbers and unaltered frequencies of B cells and T-cell subsets in lymphoid organs. However, when challenged with Listeria monocytogenes, c-FLIPR transgenic mice showed less liver necrosis and better bacterial clearance compared with infected wild-type mice. We conclude that c-FLIPR expression in hematopoietic cells supports an efficient immune response against bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Telieps
- Laboratory of Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
208
|
Abstract
The discovery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) marked the beginning of one of the most fascinating journeys in modern biomedical research. For the moment, this journey has culminated in the development of drugs that inhibit TNF. TNF blockers have revolutionized the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Yet, the journey seems far from over. TNF is the founding member of a family of cytokines with crucial functions in cell death, inflammation, and cancer. Some of these factors, most prominently TNF, CD95L, and TRAIL, can induce cell death. The receptors that mediate this signal are therefore referred to as death receptors, even though they also activate other signals. Here I will take you on a journey into the discovery and study of death receptor-ligand systems and how this inspired new concepts in cancer therapy and our current understanding of the interplay between cell death and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Wang J, Gao J, Li Y, Zhao X, Gao W, Peng L, Yan D, Liu L, Li D, Wei L, Qi J, Zhou C. Functional polymorphisms in FAS and FASL contribute to risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx in a Chinese population. Gene 2013; 524:193-6. [PMID: 23618817 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that the functional FAS-1377G>A, -670A>G and FASL-844T>C polymorphisms affect the risk of several kinds of cancers. However, their roles in the development of larynx and hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were still unknown in the Chinese. In the current study, we examined whether these functional genetic variants were associated with the risk of larynx and hypopharynx squamous SCC in a Han Chinese population. The FAS and FASL polymorphisms were genotyped in 300 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC and 300 control subjects by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects carrying the FASL-844CT or TT genotype had a significantly decreased risk of developing laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC [odds ratio (OR)=0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.51-0.93; P=0.016; or, OR=0.41; 95% CI=0.20-0.86; P=0.009] compared with those carrying the CC genotype. Joint gene-smoking and gene-drinking effects were also observed, with the OR of CC genotype for smokers or drinkers were 5.15 (95%CI=3.24-8.97) or 12.52 (95%CI=7.31-22.47), respectively. Therefore, the FASL-844T>C polymorphism is associated with genetic susceptibility of developing laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC in a Han Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
210
|
Low FasL levels promote proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, higher levels inhibit their differentiation into adipocytes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e594. [PMID: 23598406 PMCID: PMC3641338 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into several cell types. Bone marrow (BM)-MSCs mainly differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes. MSC interactions with their microenvironment directly affect their self-renewal/differentiation program. Here, we show for the first time that Fas ligand (FasL), a well-explored proapoptotic cytokine, can promote proliferation of BM-derived MSCs in vitro and inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. BM-MSCs treated with a low FasL dose (0.5 ng/ml) proliferated more rapidly than untreated cells without undergoing spontaneous differentiation or apoptosis, whereas higher doses (25 ng/ml) induced significant though not massive BM-MSC death, with surviving cells maintaining a stem cell phenotype. At the molecular level, 0.5 ng/ml FasL induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and survivin upregulation, whereas 25 ng/ml FasL induced caspase activation. Importantly, 25 ng/ml FasL reversibly prevented BM-MSC differentiation into adipocytes by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and FABP4/aP2 expression induced by adipogenic medium. All such effects were inhibited by anti-Fas neutralizing antibody. The in vitro data regarding adipogenesis were confirmed using Fas(lpr) mutant mice, where higher PPARγ and FABP4/aP2 mRNA and protein levels were documented in whole tibia. These data show for the first time that the FasL/Fas system can have a role in BM-MSC biology via regulation of both proliferation and adipogenesis, and may have clinical relevance because circulating Fas/FasL levels decline with age and several age-related conditions, including osteoporosis, are characterized by adipocyte accumulation in BM.
Collapse
|
211
|
Mughal W, Dhingra R, Kirshenbaum LA. Striking a balance: autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis in a normal and failing heart. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 14:540-7. [PMID: 23001875 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-012-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the progress that has been made over the past two decades in cardiovascular research, heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the heart failure in individuals with ischemic heart disease have identified defects in cellular processes that govern autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis as a prevailing underlying cause. Indeed, programmed cell death of cardiac cells by apoptosis or necrosis is believed to involve the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and/or extrinsic death receptor pathway by certain Bcl-2 family members as well as components of the TNFα signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the molecular signaling factors that govern cardiac cell fate under normal and disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wajihah Mughal
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
212
|
Onishi M, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Michiue H, Fujii K, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Date I. Gene expression profiling of the anti-glioma effect of Cilengitide. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:160. [PMID: 23667810 PMCID: PMC3647089 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cilengitide (EMD121974), an inhibitor of the adhesive function of integrins, demonstrated preclinical efficacy against malignant glioma. It is speculated that cilengitide can inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. However, the effects of cilengitide on these processes have not been sufficiently examined. In this study, we investigated the anti-glioma effect of cilengitide using DNA microarray analysis. U87ΔEGFR cells (human malignant glioma cell line) were used for this experiment. The cells were harvested after 16 h of cilengitide treatment, and mRNA was extracted. Gene expression and pathway analyses were performed using a DNA microarray (CodeLink™Human Whole Genome Bioarray). The expression of 265 genes was changed with cilengitide treatment. The expression of 214 genes was up-regulated by more than 4-fold and the expression of 51 genes was down-regulated by more than 4-fold compared to the controls. In pathway analysis, “apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins” and “TNF receptor signaling pathway” were over-represented. Apoptotic-associated genes such as caspase 8 were up-regulated. Gene expression profiling revealed more detailed mechanism of the anti-glioma effect of cilengitide. Genes associated with apoptosis were over-represented following cilengitide treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Onishi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
213
|
Vallcaneras SS, Delgado SM, Motta A, Telleria CM, Rastrilla AM, Casais M. Effect of prolactin acting on the coeliac ganglion via the superior ovarian nerve on ovarian function in the postpartum lactating and non-lactating rat. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 184:1-8. [PMID: 23313075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Whether prolactin (PRL) has a luteotrophic or luteolytic effect in the rat ovary depends on the nature of the corpora lutea present in the ovaries and the hormonal environment to which they are exposed. The aim was to investigate the effect of PRL acting on the coeliac ganglion (CG) on the function of the corpora lutea on day 4 postpartum under either lactating or non-lactating conditions, using the CG-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system. The ovarian release of progesterone (P), estradiol, PGF2α, and nitrites was assessed in the ovarian compartment at different incubation times. Luteal mRNA expression of 3β-HSD, 20α-HSD, aromatase, PGF2α receptor, iNOS, Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and FasL was analysed in the corpus luteum of pregnancy at the end of the experiments. Comparative analysis of control groups showed that the ovarian release of P, nitrites, and PGF2α, the expression of PGF2α receptor, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were lower in non-lactating rats, with increased release of estradiol, and higher expression of aromatase, Fas and FasL, demonstrating the higher luteal functionality in ovaries of lactating animals. PRL added to the CG compartment increased the ovarian release of P, estradiol, nitrites and PGF2α, and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in non-lactating rats; yet, with the exception of a reduction in the release of nitrites, such parameters were not modified in lactating animals. Together, these data suggest that the CG is able to respond to the effect of PRL and, via a neural pathway, fine-tune the physiology of the ovary under different hormonal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
214
|
Zou SS, Yang W, Yan HX, Yu LX, Li YQ, Wu FQ, Tang L, Lin Y, Guo LN, Zhou HB, Zhou DX, Shen F, Wu MC, Hu HP, Wang HY. Role of β-Catenin in regulating the balance between TNF-α- and Fas-induced acute liver injury. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:160-7. [PMID: 23410872 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin plays many critical roles during various liver physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of β-Catenin in acute liver failure remains unclear. Using hepatocyte specific β-Catenin knockout mice, we found that loss of β-Catenin in hepatocyte significantly reduced GalN/LPS-induced liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis, but exacerbated Jo2-mediated liver injury. Mechanistically, the dual effects of β-Catenin attributes on its function of inhibiting NF-κB signaling, which aggravates oxidative stress but decreases Fas expression under injury conditions. In conclusion, β-Catenin plays an important role in regulating the balance between TNF-α and Fas-induced liver injury via its effect on NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zou
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
215
|
DU Y, Hu L, Pan Y. Lack of association between the FAS/FASL polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:269-274. [PMID: 24648934 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS/FASL gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with cervical cancer risk, however, results from previous studies have been conflicting. To obtain a more precise estimation of the association between these polymorphisms and cancer risk, a meta-analysis was performed. All eligible studies up to November 1st, 2012, concerning FAS-670 A/G, FAS-1377 G/A and FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk, were collected from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the strength of the association via the additive, codominant, dominant and recessive models. In total, 10 publications with 11 case-control studies (10 on FAS-670 A/G, 5 on FAS-1377 G/A and 6 on FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms) were included in this meta-analysis. No association between FAS-670 A/G, FAS-1377 G/A and FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms and cervical cancer susceptibility for all the genetic models was identified. Following stratification of the studies by ethnicity or source of controls, similar results were obtained. In conclusion, our findings showed that the FAS-670 A/G, FAS-1377 G/A and FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms are not associated with cervical cancer risk. Future studies with larger sample sizes are required to further evaluate these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying DU
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Abstract
Chemotherapy is frequently used to treat primary or metastatic cancers, but intrinsic or acquired drug resistance limits its efficiency. Sphingolipids are important regulators of various cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, stress, and inflammatory responses which are linked to various aspects of cancer, like tumor growth, neoangiogenesis, and response to chemotherapy. Ceramide, the central molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, generally mediates antiproliferative and proapoptotic functions, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate and other derivatives have opposing effects. Among the variety of enzymes that control ceramide generation, acid or neutral sphingomyelinases and ceramide synthases are important targets to allow killing of cancer cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. On the contrary, glucosylceramide synthase, ceramidase, and sphingosine kinase are other targets driving cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. This chapter focuses on ceramide-based mechanisms leading to cancer therapy sensitization or resistance which could have some impacts on the development of novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
217
|
Li Y, Hao YL, Kang S, Zhou RM, Wang N, Qi BL. Genetic polymorphisms in the Fas and FasL genes are associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk and clinical outcomes. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 128:584-9. [PMID: 23234803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we evaluated whether functional polymorphisms within the Fas and FasL genes were associated with the risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and survival of patients with EOC. METHODS A case-control study was performed in 342 EOC patients and 344 control women. The genotypes of three promoter region polymorphisms (Fas -1377G/A, -670A/G and FasL -844T/C) were determined using ligase detection reaction-polymerase chain reaction (LDR-PCR). The clinical outcomes in 202 EOC patients were compared across genotypes. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of the FasL -844 T/C polymorphism were significantly different between the case and control groups (P=0.034). Compared to the T/T and T/C genotypes, the C/C genotype significantly increased the risk of developing EOC (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.08-1.99). The survival analysis showed that the Fas -1377G/A and -670A/G polymorphisms were related to prognosis in EOC patients. Compared with patients with the G/G genotype of the -1377G/A polymorphism, patients carrying the A allele had a shorter PFS and OS, as determined by univariate and multivariate analysis (HR=1.81, 95% CI=1.26-2.62 and HR=1.86, 95% CI=1.15-3.00, respectively). Similarly, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard model analyses indicated that patients carrying the G allele of Fas -670A/G polymorphisms had shorter PFS and OS than those carrying the AA genotype (HR=1.67, 95% CI=1.15-2.42 and HR=1.80, 95% CI=1.10-2.94, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Functional polymorphisms in the Fas and FasL genes may be involved in epithelial ovarian cancer development and progression in northern Chinese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
218
|
Takahashi S, Futatsugi-Yumikura S, Fukuoka A, Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K, Yonehara S. Fas deficiency in mice with the Balb/c background induces blepharitis with allergic inflammation and hyper-IgE production in conjunction with severe autoimmune disease. Int Immunol 2012; 25:287-93. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
219
|
Ramaswamy M, Siegel RM. Autoimmunity: twenty years in the Fas lane. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 189:5097-100. [PMID: 23169861 PMCID: PMC3580219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Ramaswamy
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
220
|
Tian J, Pan F, Li J, Ma Y, Cen H, Pan HF, Pan YY, Ye DQ. Association between the FAS/FASL polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:945-51. [PMID: 22631677 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FAS/FASL gene promoter polymorphisms have been repeatedly associated with gastric cancer risk, but findings are inconclusive across studies. To address a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Data were collected from the Pubmed, Medline and EMBASE databases, with the last report up to 1 December, 2011. Crude ORs with 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of the association by (1) the additive, (2) the codominant, (3) the dominant, and (4) the recessive models. RESULTS A total of seven studies, including six studies on FAS -1377G>A polymorphism, five studies on FAS -670A>G polymorphism, and six studies on FASL -844T>C polymorphism, were identified in the current meta-analysis. Overall, an association of FAS -1377G>A (AA versus GG: OR = 1.313, 95% CI = 1.045-1.650, Ph = 0.347, I2 = 10.8) and FASL -844T>C (CC versus TT: OR = 1.352, 95% CI = 1.043-1.752, Ph = 0.461, I2 = 0.0) polymorphisms with gastric cancer was found in the codominant model. However, we did not detect any association between gastric cancer and the FAS -670A>G polymorphism. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, similar elevated risks were also observed in Asian population for FAS -1377G>A (AA versus GG: OR = 1.309, 95% CI = 1.041- 1.646, Ph = 0.240, I2 = 27.3) and FASL -844T>C (CC versus TT: OR = 1.420, 95% CI = 1.081-1.865, Ph = 0.524, I2 = 0.0) polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that FAS -1377G>A and FASL -844T>C polymorphisms might be associated with gastric cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
221
|
Klingenbeck L, Eckart RA, Berens C, Lührmann A. The Coxiella burnetii type IV secretion system substrate CaeB inhibits intrinsic apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. Cell Microbiol 2012; 15:675-87. [PMID: 23126667 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of host cell apoptosis is a virulence property shared by many intracellular pathogens to ensure productive replication. For the obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii anti-apoptotic activity, which depends on a functional type IV secretion system (T4SS), has been demonstrated. Accordingly, the C. burnetii T4SS effector protein AnkG was identified to inhibit pathogen-induced apoptosis, possibly by binding to the host cell mitochondrial protein p32 (gC1qR). However, it was unknown whether AnkG alone is sufficient for apoptosis inhibition or if additional effector proteins are required. Here, we identified two T4SS effector proteins CaeA and CaeB (C. burnetii anti-apoptotic effector) that inhibit the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. CaeB blocks apoptosis very efficiently, while the anti-apoptotic activity of CaeA is weaker. Our data suggest that CaeB inhibits apoptosis at the mitochondrial level, but does not bind to p32. Taken together, our results demonstrate that C. burnetii harbours several anti-apoptotic effector proteins and suggest that these effector proteins use different mechanism(s) to inhibit apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Klingenbeck
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
222
|
Wang Y, Ma D, Jie Y, Wu Y, Pan Z. Sinomenine can prolong high-risk corneal graft survival in a rat model. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:581-6. [PMID: 22788126 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the role of sinomenine (SIN) in prolonging high-risk corneal graft survival in rats. METHODS All recipients were randomly assigned to SIN, cyclosporine A (CsA), SIN plus CsA and control groups. IL-2, IL-10, Fas-Fas ligand and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells in peripheral blood were detected. In addition, rat corneal grafts' survival times were recorded. RESULTS Survival time was 15.88 ± 5.87 days in the SIN group, 17.67 ± 5.43 days in the CsA group and 20.75 ± 4.77 days in the drug combination group, which were longer survival times than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with the SIN and CsA groups, levels of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) lymphocytes in the control group were decreased (p < 0.05) and were increased in the cotreated group (p < 0.05). IL-2 levels in the SIN-only and CsA-only groups were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05) and higher than those in the cotreated group (p < 0.05); however, the results for IL-10 were different. The expressions of Fas and Fas ligand were least in the control group. CONCLUSION SIN could prolong allograft survival and might have potential clinical usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
223
|
Karimi MY, Kapoor V, Sharma SC, Das SN. Genetic polymorphisms in FAS (CD95) and FAS ligand (CD178) promoters and risk of tobacco-related oral carcinoma: gene-gene interactions in high-risk Indians. Cancer Invest 2012; 31:1-6. [PMID: 23153021 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.743555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the association of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in FAS -1377, -670 and FAS ligand (FASL) -844 promoters in 139 oral cancer patients and 126 normal subjects by PCR-RFLP. In logistic regression analysis FAS -1377 GA genotype appeared to marginally increase the risk while FASL -844 TC genotype appeared as low risk factor. The combined genotypes FAS -1377 GA or AA and FASL -844 TT (p <0.03), and FAS -670 AG or GG and FASL -844 TT (p <0.007) appeared to double the risk. FAS and FASL gene-gene and gene-environment interactions seems to modulate susceptibility/resistance to tobacco-related oral cancer in Indians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yahya Karimi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
224
|
Elmansy H, Kotb A, Hammam O, Abdelraouf H, Salem H, Onsi M, Elleithy T. Prognostic impact of apoptosis marker Fas (CD95) and its ligand (FasL) on bladder cancer in Egypt: study of the effect of schistosomiasis. Ecancermedicalscience 2012; 6:278. [PMID: 23152729 PMCID: PMC3493042 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2012.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Fas–Fas ligand (FasL) system has been recognized as a major pathway for the induction of apoptosis in cells and tissues. Fas-mediated apoptosis is deeply involved in cancer cell death brought about by the immune system. This study was performed to determine the Fas and FasL expression in human bladder cancer and the impact of schistosomiasis infection. Material and methods: Of the 75 patients, 25 with chronic bilharzial cystitis and 50 with bladder cancer were included in this study. Ten control patients were included in the study, following their consent. Fas and FasL expressions in bladder tissue were determined by indirect immunohistochemistry using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Results: The association of bilharziasis with malignancy raised the incidence of Fas positive immunoreactivity to 100%. The number of malignant cases positive for Fas decreased with progress of tumour grade and stage. All control cases were negative for FasL expression. The percentage of positive FasL malignant cases increased with increasing tumour grade or stage. Conclusion: Malignant bladder lesions express high levels of Fas and decreased expression of Fas is associated with disease progression. Urinary bladder carcinoma acquires the functional FasL during tumour progression that may induce apoptosis of anti tumour T lymphocytes. Fas and FasL are recommended to be considered important tumour markers to define aggressive bladder cancer and may be included in defining the surveillance protocol for superficial bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hm Elmansy
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
225
|
Hammam O, Mahmoud O, Zahran M, Aly S, Hosny K, Helmy A, Anas A. The role of fas/fas ligand system in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012; 12:e6132. [PMID: 23300494 PMCID: PMC3539063 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fas receptor/ligand system including soluble forms is the most important apoptotic initiator in the liver. Dysregulation of this pathway may contribute to abnormal cell proliferation and cell death and is regarded as one of the mechanisms preventing the immune system from rejecting the tumor cells. OBJECTIVES To analyze the role of Fas system Fas/ Fas ligand (Fas/ FasL) in the multi-step process of hepatic fibrosis/carcinogenesis, and to use of the serum markers as possible candidate biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS NINETY PATIENTS WERE ENROLLED: 30 cases of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) without cirrhosis, 30 cases of CHC with liver cirrhosis, and 30 cases of HCC and hepatitis V virus (HCV) infection. Ten wedge liver biopsies, taken during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were served as normal controls. Serum soluble Fas (sFas) levels were measured using ELISA technique; Fas and FasL proteins were detected in hepatic tissue by indirect Immuno-histochemical technique (IHC); electron microscopic (EM) and immune electron microscopic examinations were performed for detection of Fas expression on lymphocytes. RESULTS Hepatic expression of both Fas and FasL as well as expression of Fas on separated lymphocytes were significantly increased in the diseased groups (P < 0. 01) compared to the control specimens. The highest expression was noticed in CHC specimens, particularly with the necro-inflammatory activity and advancement of the fibrosis. The sFas in cirrhotic patients and HCC were significantly higher than that in normal controls and CHC without cirrhosis group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis and the Fas system were significantly involved in the process of converting liver cirrhosis into hepatocellular carcinoma. Down-regulation of Fas expression, up regulation of FasL expression in hepatocytes, and elevation of serum sFas levels were important in tumor evasion from immune surveillance, and in hepatic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Hammam
- Departments of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola Mahmoud
- Departments of Hematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author: Ola Mahmoud, Departments of Hematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, No. 1 Sharara Building, Hassan Elmamoun St., Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Tel.: +20-224723116, Fax: +20-1224590806, E-mail:
| | - Manal Zahran
- Departments of Hematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sohair Aly
- Malaysia and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Advanced Dental and Medical institute, IPPT, USM, NRC, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karim Hosny
- Surgical Department, Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Helmy
- Departments of Electron Microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Anas
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Rapold RA, Wueest S, Knoepfel A, Schoenle EJ, Konrad D. Fas activates lipolysis in a Ca2+-CaMKII-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:63-70. [PMID: 23089915 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m028035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas (CD95) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily and plays a crucial role in the induction of apoptosis. However, like TNF, Fas can induce nonapoptotic signaling pathways. We previously demonstrated that mice lacking Fas specifically in adipocytes are partly protected from diet-induced insulin resistance, potentially via decreased delivery of FAs to the liver, as manifested by lower total liver ceramide content. In the present study, we aimed to delineate the signaling pathway involved in Fas-mediated adipocyte lipid mobilization. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with membrane-bound Fas ligand (FasL) significantly increased lipolysis after 12 h without inducing apoptosis. In parallel, Fas activation increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and FasL-induced lipolysis was blunted in the presence of the ERK-inhibitor U0126 or in ERK1/2-depleted adipocytes. Furthermore, Fas activation increased phosphorylation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII), and blocking of the CaMKII-pathway (either by the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA or by the CaMKII inhibitor KN62) blunted FasL-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and glycerol release. In conclusion, we propose a novel role for CaMKII in promoting lipolysis in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reto A Rapold
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
Xiang N, Li XM, Wang GS, Tao JH, Li XP. Association of Fas gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:407-15. [PMID: 23065220 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Fas gene polymorphisms -670A/G (rs1800682) and -1377G/A (rs2234767) have been shown to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but findings are not consistent. To clarify this point, a meta-analysis was performed. We searched PubMed, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang database. Meta-odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were used to combine the data by fixed/random effects models based on heterogeneity test. The statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software. A total of seven studies involving 759 cases and 820 controls were considered in this study and ethnicity-specific meta-analysis was performed on Caucasian and Asian population. In overall population, meta-analysis revealed a trend toward to an association between SLE and Fas -670 A allele (OR = 1.310, 95 %CI = 1.028 ~ 1.670, P = 0.029). Similar results were detected in recessive model (OR = 1.626, 95 %CI = 1.104 ~ 2.395, P = 0.014) and in homozygous genotypic contrast (OR = 1.728, 95 %CI = 1.049 ~ 2.848, P = 0.032). Stratification by ethnicity indicated a significant association between SLE and the Fas -670A/G polymorphism in Asian population when allelic contrast (OR = 1.331, 95 %CI = 1.066 ~ 1.662, P = 0.011), homozygous genotypic contrast (OR = 1.848, 95 %CI = 1.164 ~ 2.932, P = 0.009) and dominant model were performed (OR = 1.542, 95 %CI = 1.045 ~ 2.275, P = 0.029). Meta-analysis of the Fas -1377G/A polymorphism indicated a significant association between SLE and the G allele in overall population (OR = 1.277, 95 %CI = 1.004 ~ 1.624, P = 0.046). The results from this meta-analysis provide evidence for the association between the Fas -670A/G and -1377G/A polymorphism and the risk of SLE. However, further studies are needed to draw a definitive conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
228
|
FAS-670 A/G and FAS-1377 G/A polymorphism in cell death pathway gene FAS and human male infertility. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
229
|
El-Aal NHA, El-Wadood FAA, Moftah NH, El-Hakeem MS, El-Shaal AY, Hassan NB. Morphometry and epidermal fas expression of unexposed aged versus young skin. Indian J Dermatol 2012; 57:181-6. [PMID: 22707767 PMCID: PMC3371519 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.96188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identifying the molecular mechanisms of intrinsic aging is critical in developing modalities for reversal of cutaneous aging. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the expression of epidermal Fas, epidermal thickness, collagen, and elastic fibers degeneration in unexposed skin of aged individuals compared with young ones. Materials and Methods: Skin biopsies were taken from normal skin of the back of 22 old subjects (age range: 48-75 years) and 15 young subjects (age range: 18-28 years). Skin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, orcein. Epidermal thickness was measured with image analyzer and scoring was done for collagen and elastic fiber degeneration. Fas immunostaining was done. Quantitative and qualitative data were compared statistically between the old and young subjects. Results: A statistically significant decreased epidermal thickness was found in old compared with young skin (P<0.05). A statistically significant number of patients showed decreased epidermal thickness, density, and fragmentation of both collagen and elastic fibers in old compared with young skin (P<0.001). Epidermal Fas expression was detected in 19 of 22 old subjects (86.4%) compared with 2 of 15 young subjects (13.3%) (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between age of old subjects and each of epidermal thickness, collagen, and elastic fiber degeneration. Conclusion: The decreased epidermal thickness and morphological alteration of collagen and elastic fibers are not correlated with aging and Fas-mediated apoptosis could be involved in thinning of the epidermis in unexposed aged skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa H Abd El-Aal
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
Poon AH, Eidelman DH, Martin JG, Laprise C, Hamid Q. Pathogenesis of severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:625-37. [PMID: 22515387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with severe asthma have asthma symptoms which are difficult to control, require high dosages of medication, and continue to experience persistent symptoms, asthma exacerbations or airflow obstruction. Epidemiological and clinical evidences point to the fact that severe asthma is not a single phenotype. Cluster analyses have identified subclasses of severe asthma using parameters such as patient characteristics, and cytokine profiles have also been useful in classifying moderate and severe asthma. The IL-4/IL-13 signalling pathway accounts for the symptoms experienced by a subset of severe asthmatics with allergen-associated symptoms and high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and these patients are generally responsive to anti-IgE treatment. The IL-5/IL-33 signalling pathway is likely to play a key role in the disease pathogenesis of those who are resistant to high doses of inhaled corticosteroid but responsive to systemic corticosteroids and anti-IL5 therapy. The IL-17 signalling pathway is thought to contribute to 'neutrophilic asthma'. Although traditionally viewed as players in the defence mechanism against viral and intracellular bacterial infection, mounting evidence supports a role for Th1 cytokines such as IL-18 and IFN-γ in severe asthma pathogenesis. Furthermore, these cytokine signalling pathways interact to contribute to the spectrum of clinical pathological outcomes in severe asthma. To date, glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-asthma drugs available, yet severe asthma patients are typically resistant to the effects of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction and histone deacetylase activity reduction are likely to contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in severe asthma patients. This review discusses recent development in different cytokine signalling pathways, their interactions and steroid resistance, in the context of severe asthma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Poon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
231
|
MS-275 sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to Fas ligand-induced cell death by increasing the localization of Fas in membrane lipid rafts. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e369. [PMID: 22875006 PMCID: PMC3434650 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fas expression is inversely correlated with the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma (OS) cells to the lungs. Fas+ cells are rapidly eliminated when they enter the lungs via their interaction with constitutive Fas ligand (FasL) on the lung epithelium, whereas Fas− OS cells escape this FasL-induced apoptosis and survive in the lung microenvironment. Upregulation of Fas expression in established OS lung metastases results in tumor regression. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of Fas− OS cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 results in the upregulation of Fas mRNA and sensitizes these cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. However, flow cytometry analysis revealed that Fas cell surface protein expression was not significantly increased. Rather, we observed increased levels of Fas within the membrane lipid rafts, as demonstrated by an increase in Fas expression in detergent-insoluble lipid raft fractions and colocalization with GM1+ lipid rafts. We had previously shown that MS-275 treatment inhibited expression of the anti-apoptotic cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Here, we demonstrated that transfection of cells with short hairpin RNA to c-FLIP also resulted in the localization of Fas to lipid rafts. Overall, our studies indicate that MS-275 sensitizes OS cells to FasL by upregulating the expression of Fas in membrane lipid rafts, which correlates with the c-FLIP-dependent distribution of Fas to lipid rafts.
Collapse
|
232
|
Shih MF, Cherng JY. Protective effects of Chlorella-derived peptide against UVC-induced cytotoxicity through inhibition of caspase-3 activity and reduction of the expression of phosphorylated FADD and cleaved PARP-1 in skin fibroblasts. Molecules 2012; 17:9116-28. [PMID: 22858838 PMCID: PMC6269031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UVC irradiation induces oxidative stress and leads to cell death through an apoptotic pathway. This apoptosis is caused by activation of caspase-3 and formation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). In this study, the underlying mechanisms of Chlorella derived peptide (CDP) activity against UVC-induced cytotoxicity were investigated. Human skin fibroblasts were treated with CDP, vitamin C, or vitamin E after UVC irradiation for a total energy of 15 J/cm2. After the UVC exposure, cell proliferation and caspase-3 activity were measured at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h later. Expression of phosphorylated FADD and cleaved PARP-1 were measured 16 h later. DNA damage (expressed as pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts DNA concentration) and fragmentation assay were performed 24 h after the UVC exposure. Results showed that UVC irradiation induced cytotoxicity in all groups except those treated with CDP. The caspase-3 activity in CDP-treated cells was inhibited from 12 h onward. Expression of phosphorylated FADD and cleaved PARP-1 were also reduced in CDP-treated cells. Moreover, UVC-induced DNA damage and fragmentation were also prevented by the CDP treatment. This study shows that treatment of CDP provides protective effects against UVC-induced cytotoxicity through the inhibition of caspase-3 activity and the reduction of phosphorylated FADD and cleaved PARP-1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fen Shih
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jong Yuh Cherng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ;
Tel.: +886-5-272-0411 (ext. 66416); Fax: +886-5-272-1040
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Li N, Wang T, Han D. Structural, cellular and molecular aspects of immune privilege in the testis. Front Immunol 2012; 3:152. [PMID: 22701457 PMCID: PMC3371599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The testis presents a special immunological environment, considering its property of immune privilege that tolerates allo- and auto-antigens. Testicular immune privilege was once believed to be mainly based on the sequestration of antigens from the immune system by the blood–testis barrier in the seminiferous epithelium. Substantial evidence supports the view that the combination of physical structure, testicular cells, and cytokines controls immune responses in the testis to preserve the structural and functional integrity of testicular immune privilege. Both systemic immune tolerance and local immunosuppression help maintain the immune privilege status. Constitutive expression of anti-inflammatory factors in testicular cells is critical for local immunosuppression. However, the testis locally generates an efficient innate immune system against pathogens. Disruption of these mechanisms may lead to orchitis and impair fertility. This review article highlights the current understanding of structural, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying the unique immune environment of the testis, particularly its immune privilege status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
234
|
Lambrinoudaki I, Karaflou M, Kaparos G, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Aravantinos L, Augoulea A, Kouskouni E. Effect of tibolone and raloxifene on serum markers of apoptosis in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2012; 16:258-64. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.668251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
235
|
Rauf A, Khatri M, Murgia MV, Saif YM. Fas/FasL and perforin-granzyme pathways mediated T cell cytotoxic responses in infectious bursal disease virus infected chickens. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 2:112-9. [PMID: 24371574 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens which leads to immunosuppression. In our previous study it was demonstrated that, possibly, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells may employ perforin and granzyme-A pathway for the clearance of IBDV-infected bursal cells. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic T cell responses involving two independently functioning but complementary mechanisms: Fas-Fas ligand and perforin-granzyme pathways in IBDV-infected chickens. As demonstrated previously, infection of chickens with IBDV was accompanied by influx of CD8(+) T cells in the bursa and spleen. There was an upregulation in the gene expression of cytolytic molecules: Fas and Fas ligand (FasL), perforin (PFN) and granzyme-A (Gzm-A) in bursal and in the splenic tissues of IBDV inoculated chickens. Additionally, for the first time, we detected Fas, Fas ligand, Caspase-3 and PFN producing CD8(+) T cells in the bursa and spleen of IBDV-infected chickens. The infiltration and activation of CD8(+) T cells was substantiated by the detection of Th1 cytokine, IFN-γ. These data suggest that T cells may be involved in the clearance of virus from the target organ bursa and peripheral tissues such as spleen. The findings of these studies provide new insights into the pathogenesis of IBD and provide mechanistic evidence that the cytotoxic T cells may act through both Fas-FasL and perforin-granzyme pathways in mediating the clearance of virus-infected cells.
Collapse
Key Words
- Bursa of Fabricius, BF
- Classical Infectious Bursal Disease Virus, cIBDV
- Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, CTLs
- Cytotoxic T cells
- Fas Ligand, FasL
- Fas–FasL
- Gamma Interferon, IFN-γ
- Granzyme
- Granzyme, Gzm
- IBDV
- Perforin
- Perforin, PFN
- Post Inoculation Days, PIDs
- Quantitative RT-PCR, qRT-PCR
- Tumor Necrosis Factor, TNF
- Virus clearance
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rauf
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Mahesh Khatri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Maria V Murgia
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States ; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yehia M Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States ; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Radhiga T, Rajamanickam C, Sundaresan A, Ezhumalai M, Pugalendi KV. Effect of ursolic acid treatment on apoptosis and DNA damage in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Biochimie 2012; 94:1135-42. [PMID: 22289617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ursolic acid (UA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) (85 mg/kg BW), for two consecutive days. ISO-induced rats showed elevated levels of cardiac troponins T (cTn T) and I (cTn I) and increased activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in serum. Lipid peroxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and lipid hydroperoxides (HP)) elevated in the plasma and heart tissue whereas decreased activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)) in erythrocytes and heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH)) levels were decreased significantly in the plasma and heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Furthermore, ISO-induced rats showed increased DNA fragmentation, upregulations of myocardial pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 associated-x (Bax), caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas and down-regulated expressions of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). UA-administered rats showed decreased levels/activity of cardiac markers, DNA fragmentation and the levels of lipid peroxidative markers in the plasma and heart tissue. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants were increased significantly in the erythrocytes and heart tissue and also non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were increased significantly in the plasma and heart tissue in UA-administered rats. UA influenced decreased DNA fragmentation and an apoptosis by upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and down-regulation of Bax, caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, TNF-α, Fas through mitochondrial pathway. Histopathological observations were also found in line with biochemical parameters. Thus, results of the present study demonstrated that the UA has anti-apoptotic properties in ISO-induced rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Radhiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
237
|
Chiu HY, Sun GH, Chen SY, Wang HH, Ho MY, Chu CY, Wu WL, Jhou RS, Tsai YL, Huang RT, Sun KH, Tang SJ. Pre-existing Fas ligand (FasL) in cancer cells elicits tumor-specific protective immunity, but delayed induction of FasL expression after inoculation facilitates tumor formation. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:705-14. [PMID: 22488710 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Fas ligand (FasL) in cancer cells elicits potential antitumor effects via recruitment of neutrophils. Conversely, FasL-expressing tumors may counterattack tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by delivering apoptotic death signals via Fas/FasL interactions, which may lead to tumor escape. In order to distinguish the role of FasL in antitumor activity and tumor progression, Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-1) were used to establish the cell line LLC-FasL, in which FasL expression was repressed by doxycycline (Dox) treatment and induced in the absence of Dox. LLC-FasL cells promote tumor regression when expressing FasL, whereas tumor outgrowth is observed by depletion of FasL expression. To investigate whether initial expression of FasL during tumor formation is critical for FasL-mediated tumor regression, Dox-treated LLC-FasL cells were inoculated into Dox-treated mice, but Dox treatment was stopped 5 days after inoculation. When low cell numbers were inoculated, we observed 80% survival and no tumor formation, whereas no mice survived inoculation with high cell numbers, despite the delayed induction of FasL by Dox withdrawal. The inoculation of a high density of cells may establish a favorable tumor microenvironment before the expression of FasL. Our findings demonstrate that FasL may elicit antitumor activity when it is initially present on injected cancer cells and thus can act prior to tumor microenvironment formation. Furthermore, a well-established tumor microenvironment abrogates FasL-mediated antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Chiu
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology (CMBB), National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
238
|
Increased protection from vaccinia virus infection in mice genetically prone to lymphoproliferative disorders. J Virol 2012; 86:6010-22. [PMID: 22438562 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.07176-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes that encode Fas or Fas ligand (FasL) can result in poor restraints on lymphocyte activation and in increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders. Because these mutations portend a continuously activated immune state, we hypothesized that they might in some cases confer resistance to infection. To examine this possibility, the immune response to, morbidity caused by, and clearance of vaccinia virus (VACV) Western Reserve was examined in 5- to 7-week-old Fas mutant (lpr) mice, before an overt lymphoproliferative disorder was observable. On day 6 after VACV infection, C57BL/6-lpr (B6-lpr) mice had decreased morbidity, decreased viral titers, and an increased percentage and number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. As early as day 2 after infection, B6-lpr mice had decreased liver and spleen viral titers and increased numbers of and increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by several different effector cell populations. Depletion of individual effector cell subsets did not inhibit the resistance of B6-lpr mice. Uninfected B6-lpr mice also had increased numbers of NK cells, γδ(+) T cells, and CD44(+) CD4(+) and CD44(+) CD8(+) T cells compared to uninfected B6 mice. Antibody to IFN-γ resulted in increased virus load in both B6 and B6-lpr mice and eliminated the differences in viral titers between them. These results suggest that IFN-γ produced by multiple activated leukocyte populations in Fas-deficient hosts enhances resistance to some viral infections.
Collapse
|
239
|
Protein S-nitrosylation and cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:123-9. [PMID: 22425962 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation is a covalent post-translational modification through coupling of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety with the reactive thiol group of a protein cysteine residue to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). S-nitrosylation is a key mechanism in the transmission of NO-based cellular signals in the vital cellular processes, including transcription regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Contemporary research has implicated dysregulation of S-nitrosylation in severe pathological events, including cancer onset, progression, and treatment resistance. The S-nitrosylation status may be directly linked to many cancer therapy outcomes as well as therapeutic-resistance, emphasizing the need to develop S-nitrosylation-related anti-cancer therapeutics. The role of S-nitrosylated proteins in the development and progression of cancer are varied, generating a critical need for a thorough review of the current dynamic research in this area.
Collapse
|
240
|
Sejima T, Morizane S, Hinata N, Yao A, Isoyama T, Saito M, Takenaka A. Fas expression in renal cell carcinoma accurately predicts patient survival after radical nephrectomy. Urol Int 2012; 88:263-70. [PMID: 22398398 DOI: 10.1159/000334453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) and Bcl-2 expression, which are considered to be important apoptotic regulatory factors in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). PATIENTS AND METHODS mRNA quantification and immunohistochemistry allowed for the determination of the expression of these three factors in surgically resected tumors from 82 patients with RCC. The correlation of protein and gene expression with more than 10 years of survival data following nephrectomy (along with clinical and pathologic parameters) was analyzed using uni- and multivariate statistical models. RESULTS A significantly poorer outcome was observed in patients with tumors expressing high levels of Fas mRNA in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.0002). In addition, patient survival was significantly worse in FasL mRNA-positive tumor cases when compared with FasL mRNA-negative cases (p = 0.0345). Ten cases relapsed more than 5 years after nephrectomy. Among them, the tumors of 8 cases (80%) did not express FasL mRNA. Analysis of Bcl-2 did not show statistical significance of Bcl-2 expression as a prognostic indicator. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that pronounced Fas expression is a surrogate biomarker of active cancer cell proliferation. Given the FasL tumor counterattack theory, FasL overexpression in RCC may be one of the host immune deficiencies, consequently leading to poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sejima
- Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan. sejimat @ grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
241
|
Sharma SK, Almeida FA, Kierstein S, Hortobagyi L, Lin T, Larkin A, Peterson J, Yagita H, Zangrilli JG, Haczku A. Systemic FasL neutralization increases eosinophilic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Allergy 2012; 67:328-35. [PMID: 22175699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils and lymphocytes are pathogenically important in allergic inflammation and sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) activity therefore should play a role in regulating the allergic immune response. We aimed to characterize the role of FasL expression in airway eosinophilia in Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced sensitization and to determine whether FasL neutralization alters the inflammatory response. METHODS Sensitized Balb/c mice were killed before (day 0) and 1, 7 and 10 days after a single intranasal challenge with Af. Animals received either neutralizing antibody to FasL (clone MFL4) or irrelevant hamster IgG via intraperitoneal injection on days -1 and 5. FasL expression, BAL and tissue inflammatory cell and cytokine profile, and apoptosis were assessed. RESULTS Postchallenge FasL gene expression in BAL cells and TUNEL positivity in the airways coincided with the height of inflammatory cell influx on day 1, while soluble FasL protein was released on day 7, preceding resolution of the inflammatory changes. Although eosinophil numbers showed a negative correlation with soluble FasL levels in the airways, MBP(+) eosinophils remained TUNEL negative in the submucosal tissue, throughout the 10-day period after Af challenge. Systemic FasL neutralization significantly enhanced BAL and tissue eosinophil counts. This effect was associated with increased activation of T cells and release of IL-5, IL-9, and GM-CSF in the BAL fluid of mice, indicating an involvement of pro-eosinophilic survival pathways. CONCLUSIONS FasL activity may play an active role in resolving eosinophilic inflammation through regulating T cells and pro-eosinophilic cytokine release during the allergic airway response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - F. A. Almeida
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| | - S. Kierstein
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| | - L. Hortobagyi
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| | - T. Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| | - A. Larkin
- Center for Translational Medicine; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| | - J. Peterson
- Center for Translational Medicine; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| | - H. Yagita
- Juntendo University School of Medicine; Tokyo; Japan
| | | | - A. Haczku
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Tong N, Zhang L, Sheng X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Fang Y, Xue Y, Li J, Zhang Z. Functional polymorphisms in FAS, FASL and CASP8 genes and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1360-6. [PMID: 22211869 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.654117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the promoter regions of FAS, FASL and CASP8 involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway are thought to be associated with susceptibility to cancer. We hypothesized that these functional genetic variants might be associated with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A case-control study in a Chinese population with 361 cases of ALL and 519 controls was performed to evaluate the association between FAS, FASL and CASP8 variants and risk of childhood ALL. Individuals with FAS - 1377AG had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.72 for the risk of ALL compared to - 1377GG and the variant FASL - 844CC was associated with a statistically significantly decreased risk of childhood ALL (OR = 0.38). Furthermore, combined genotypes with 5-8 protective alleles were associated with a significantly decreased risk of childhood ALL compared with those with 0-4 variants, and this decreased risk was more pronounced among the subgroups of age < 6 years, female, parental never-drinking status and never house-painting. Our results provide evidence that FAS-FASL-CASP8 polymorphisms contributed to a reduced risk of childhood ALL in our population. Larger studies are warranted to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Tong
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
243
|
Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory proteins (c-FLIPs): fine-tuners of life and death decisions. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1324-31. [PMID: 22309778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
c-FLIP proteins (isoforms: c-FLIP(L), c-FLIP(S), and c-FLIP(R)) play an essential role in the regulation of death receptor (DR)-induced apoptosis and NF-κB activation. Here, we discuss multiple mechanisms by which c-FLIPs control NF-κB activation and the life/death decision made in cancer and immune cells. We focus on the role of c-FLIP in cellular signaling. We concentrate on c-FLIP protein modifications as well as on the regulation of c-FLIP expression levels. Furthermore, we discuss in detail how the exact quantity and dynamics of different c-FLIP isoforms in the cell influence the induction of pro- versus anti-apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
|
244
|
Chodorge M, Züger S, Stirnimann C, Briand C, Jermutus L, Grütter MG, Minter RR. A series of Fas receptor agonist antibodies that demonstrate an inverse correlation between affinity and potency. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1187-95. [PMID: 22261618 PMCID: PMC3374083 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor agonism remains poorly understood at the molecular and mechanistic level. In this study, we identified a fully human anti-Fas antibody that could efficiently trigger apoptosis and therefore function as a potent agonist. Protein engineering and crystallography were used to mechanistically understand the agonistic activity of the antibody. The crystal structure of the complex was determined at 1.9 Å resolution and provided insights into epitope recognition and comparisons with the natural ligand FasL (Fas ligand). When we affinity-matured the agonist antibody, we observed that, surprisingly, the higher-affinity antibodies demonstrated a significant reduction, rather than an increase, in agonist activity at the Fas receptor. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a model to explain this non-intuitive impact of affinity on agonist antibody signalling and explore the implications for the discovery of therapeutic agonists in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chodorge
- MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
245
|
Villa-Morales M, Fernández-Piqueras J. Targeting the Fas/FasL signaling pathway in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:85-101. [PMID: 22239437 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.628937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Fas/FasL system plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. Research has shown that its impairment in cancer cells may lead to apoptosis resistance and contribute to tumor progression. Thus, the development of effective therapies targeting the Fas/FasL system may play an important role in the fight against cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review the recent literature on targeting the Fas/FasL system for therapeutic exploitation at different levels is reviewed. Promising pre-clinical approaches and various exceptions are highlighted. The potential of combined therapies is also explored, whereby tumor sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis is restored, before an effective targeted therapy is employed. EXPERT OPINION The success of the Fas/FasL system targeting for therapeutics will require a better understanding of the alterations conferring resistance, in order to use the most appropriate sensitizing chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic agents in combination with effective targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Villa-Morales
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
246
|
Kinugawa T, Kato M, Yamamoto K, Hisatome I, Nohara R. Proinflammatory Cytokine Activation Is Linked to Apoptotic Mediator, Soluble Fas Level in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2012; 53:182-6. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.53.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiko Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University
| | - Ryuji Nohara
- Heart Center, Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Hasby EA. Weapons ovarian epithelial tumors may use in immune escape: an immunohistochemical correlational study. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:509-18. [PMID: 22161157 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigate FasL and survivin expression in a series of primary ovarian surface epithelial tumors, correlate their expression with each other, and characterize the presence of CD3+ T-lymphocytes in studied tumors and determine whether their presence correlates with FasL or survivin expression in malignant cases. FasL and survivin expression was assessed in 54 ovarian epithelial tumors. The results were compared between different tumor types and grades. Correlation between both markers' expression in all studied tumors was done. Either marker's expression was compared to the mean CD3+ T-lymphocytes per HPF in the studied malignant tumors. Either FasL or survivin expression was significantly higher in malignant versus benign ovarian epithelial tumors (p < 0.001 for both) and both markers were strongly correlated to each other (r = 0.877 & p < 0.001). Malignant tumors show significantly higher mean CD3+ T-lymphocytes than benign and borderline tumors. The mean CD3+ T-lymphocytes decrease significantly on increasing malignant tumor grade (p = 0.019) and expression of both FasL and survivin (r = -0.729, -0.582, respectively & p < 0.001 for both). The higher expression of FasL and survivin in malignant as compared to benign ovarian tumors suggest that they have a significant role in pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma. Both markers are strongly correlated to each other and may contribute to immune escape of ovarian carcinoma as their higher expression is associated with decreased number of CD3 + T-lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Adel Hasby
- Pathology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Ghrbia, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Sejima T, Iwamoto H, Morizane S, Hinata N, Yao A, Isoyama T, Saito M, Takenaka A. The significant immunological characteristics of peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and Fas ligand expression incidence in nephrectomized tumor in late recurrence from renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2011; 31:1343-9. [PMID: 22153754 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to characterize the significance of immune system function in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we investigated the interactive relationships among the following parameters: metastatic characteristics, expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in nephrectomized specimens, immunological parameters, and patient's prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients with advanced RCC were stratified into 3 groups according to the characteristics of metastasis timing, at first presentation (mFP), within 5 years of nephrectomy (early-recurrence), after 5 years (late-recurrence). Immunological parameters [hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum albumin, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), and Charlson Comorbidity Index], FasL expression in RCC, and patient prognosis from occurrence of metastasis were compared among the groups. Thirty-five patients were also stratified into 2 groups according to FasL positivity and individual parameters. Patient's prognosis and the remaining immunological parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS The NLRs of the late-recurrence group were significantly lower than those of the mFP (P = 0.0004) and early-recurrence (P = 0.013) groups. The FasL mRNA positivity of the late-recurrence group was significantly lower than those of the mFP (P = 0.001) and early-recurrence (P = 0.0277) groups. The prognosis of the late-recurrence group was significantly better than that of the early-recurrence group (P = 0.0255). NLRs were significantly lower in the FasL-negative group than in the -positive group (P = 0.0182). The cause-specific survival rates of the ECOG PS 0 group were significantly higher than that of the ECOG PS > 0 group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the associations of the prognosis in advanced RCC with peripheral blood NLR and FasL expression in nephrectomized tumor. The characteristics of lower values of NLR and FasL expression positivity in late-recurrence compared with other metastatic timings suggest strong host immune activity, and may imply relatively long survival. On the other hand, elucidation of the patient's general condition obtained not only by chemical data but also by ECOG PS is crucial in the management of patients with advanced RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sejima
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori-ken, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
249
|
Bungum M. Sperm DNA integrity assessment: a new tool in diagnosis and treatment of fertility. Obstet Gynecol Int 2011; 2012:531042. [PMID: 22190954 PMCID: PMC3236416 DOI: 10.1155/2012/531042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects 15% of all couples. Although male infertility factors with reduced semen quality are contributing to about half of all involuntary childlessness, the value of standard semen parameters in prediction of fertility in vivo and choice of proper method for assisted reproduction is limited. In the search for better markers of male fertility, during the last 10 years, assessment of sperm DNA integrity has emerged as a strong new biomarker of semen quality that may have the potential to discriminate between infertile and fertile men. Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) as assessed by the flow cytometric Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) can be used for evaluation of sperm chromatin integrity. The biological background for abnormal DFI is not completely known, but clinical data show that DFI above 30% is associated with very low chance for achieving pregnancy in natural way or by insemination, but not in vitro. Already when the DFI is above 20%, the chance of natural pregnancy may be reduced, despite other sperm parameters being normal. Thus this method may explain a significant proportion of cases of unexplained infertility and can be beneficial in counselling involuntary childless couples need of in vitro fertilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bungum
- Reproductive Medicine Centre (RMC), Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmo, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Sturlese E, Salmeri FM, Retto G, Pizzo A, De Dominici R, Ardita FV, Borrielli I, Licata N, Laganà AS, Sofo V. Dysregulation of the Fas/FasL system in mononuclear cells recovered from peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 92:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|