201
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Nanoemulsion based gel for transdermal delivery of meloxicam: Physico-chemical, mechanistic investigation. Life Sci 2013; 92:383-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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202
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Karadzovska D, Brooks JD, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Riviere JE. Predicting skin permeability from complex vehicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:265-77. [PMID: 22342772 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that vehicle and formulation components influence the rate and extent of passive chemical absorption through skin. Significant progress, over the last decades, has been made in predicting dermal absorption from a single vehicle; however the effect of a complex, realistic mixture has not received its due attention. Recent studies have aimed to bridge this gap by extending the use of quantitative structure-permeation relationship (QSPR) models based on linear free energy relationships (LFER) to predict dermal absorption from complex mixtures with the inclusion of significant molecular descriptors such as a mixture factor that accounts for the physicochemical properties of the vehicle/mixture components. These models have been compiled and statistically validated using the data generated from in vitro or ex vivo experimental techniques. This review highlights the progress made in predicting skin permeability from complex vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Karadzovska
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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203
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204
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Formulation and Evaluation of Piroxicam Transferosomal Gel: An Approach for Penetration Enhancement. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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205
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Telegeeva PG. APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICINE. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech6.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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206
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Khoo X, Simons EJ, Chiang HH, Hickey JM, Sabharwal V, Pelton SI, Rosowski JJ, Langer R, Kohane DS. Formulations for trans-tympanic antibiotic delivery. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1281-8. [PMID: 23146430 PMCID: PMC3511665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a drug delivery system for prolonged trans-tympanic antibiotic delivery from a single dose administration. Increased permeability to ciprofloxacin of the intact tympanic membrane (TM) was achieved by chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs--bupivacaine, limonene, sodium dodecyl sulfate); this was also seen by CPEs contained within a hydrogel (poloxamer 407) to maintain the formulation at the TM. The CPE-hydrogel formulation had minimal effects on auditory thresholds and tissue response in vivo. CPE-hydrogel formulations have potential for ototopical delivery of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) and other middle ear diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emmanuel J. Simons
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Homer H. Chiang
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia M. Hickey
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vishakha Sabharwal
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen I. Pelton
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - John J. Rosowski
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel S. Kohane
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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207
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Visualization of ultradeformable liposomes penetration pathways and their skin interaction by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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208
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Prasanthi D, Lakshmi PK. Effect of chemical enhancers in transdermal permeation of alfuzosin hydrochloride. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:965280. [PMID: 23316394 PMCID: PMC3539352 DOI: 10.5402/2012/965280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to explore the efficient chemical penetration enhancer among the various enhancers available in overcoming the stratum corneum barrier in transdermal delivery of Alfuzosin hydrochloride (AH). The different enhancers were incorporated in 2% Carbopol gel which was selected as a control and evaluated by in vitro diffusion studies through dialysis membrane and permeation through the rat abdominal skin using Keshary-Chien diffusion cells. All the enhancers increased the release rate through the dialysis membrane when compared with control except oleic acid which decreased the release rate but showed maximum solubility of the drug. Among the various enhancers Transcutol 20% and tween-20 (2%) showed the highest cumulative amount (Q(24)) of 702.28 ± 6.97 μg/cm(2) and 702.74 ± 7.49 μg/cm(2), respectively. A flux rate of 31.08 ± 0.21 μg/cm(2)/hr by Transcutol 20% and 30.38 ± 0.18 μg/cm(2)/hr by tween-20 (2%) was obtained. Transcutol 20% showed decreased lag time of 0.13 ± 0.05 hr. The lowest skin content of 342.33 ± 5.30 μg/gm was seen with oleic acid 2.5%. Maximum enhancement of flux by 3.94-fold was obtained with transcutol 20%. Primary skin irritation studies were performed with rabbit. Histopathological studies of transcutol 20% showed marked changes such as degeneration and infiltration of mononuclear cells in dermis indicating the effect of transcutol on the skin. Among the different enhancers transcutol is efficient in enhancing transdermal delivery of AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prasanthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500 028, India
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209
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Approaches for breaking the barriers of drug permeation through transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 164:26-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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210
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Cadena PG, Pereira MA, Cordeiro RBS, Cavalcanti IMF, Barros Neto B, Pimentel MDCCB, Lima Filho JL, Silva VL, Santos-Magalhães NS. Nanoencapsulation of quercetin and resveratrol into elastic liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:309-16. [PMID: 23103506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the fact that quercetin (QUE) and resveratrol (RES) induce a synergic inhibition of the adipogenesis and increase apoptosis in adipocytes, and that sodium deoxycholate (SDC) has necrotic effects, the nanoencapsulation of QUE and RES into SDC-elastic liposomes is proposed as a new approach for dissolving the subcutaneous fat. The concentration of constituents and the effect of the drug incorporation into cyclodextrin inclusion complexes on the stability of QUE/RES-loaded liposomes were studied. The best liposomal formulation reduced the use of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in 17.7% and 68.4%, respectively. Liposomes presented a mean diameter of 149nm with a polydispersion index of 0.3. The zeta potential of liposomes was slightly negative (-13.3mV) due to the presence of SDC in the phospholipid bilayer. Encapsulation efficiency of QUE and RES into liposomes was almost 97%. To summarize, QUE/RES-loaded elastic liposomes are stable and suitable for subcutaneous injection, thereby providing a new strategy for reducing subcutaneous fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabyton G Cadena
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami (LIKA), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
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211
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Developing ultra deformable vesicular transportation of a bioactive alkaloid in pursuit of vitiligo therapy. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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212
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Karande P, Mitragotri S. Transcutaneous immunization: an overview of advantages, disease targets, vaccines, and delivery technologies. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2012; 1:175-201. [PMID: 22432578 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an immunologically active tissue composed of specialized cells and agents that capture and process antigens to confer immune protection. Transcutaneous immunization takes advantage of the skin immune network by inducing a protective immune response against topically applied antigens. This mode of vaccination presents a novel and attractive approach for needle-free immunization that is safe, noninvasive, and overcomes many of the limitations associated with needle-based administrations. In this review we will discuss the developments in the field of transcutaneous immunization in the past decade with special emphasis on disease targets and vaccine delivery technologies. We will also briefly discuss the challenges that need to be overcome to translate early laboratory successes in transcutaneous immunization into the development of effective clinical prophylactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Karande
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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213
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Barbosa-Barros L, Rodríguez G, Barba C, Cócera M, Rubio L, Estelrich J, López-Iglesias C, de la Maza A, López O. Bicelles: lipid nanostructured platforms with potential dermal applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:807-818. [PMID: 22114051 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bicelles emerge as promising membrane models, and because of their attractive combination of lipid composition, small size and morphological versatility, they become new targets in skin research. Bicelles are able to modify skin biophysical parameters and modulate the skin's barrier function, acting to enhance drug penetration. Because of their nanostructured assemblies, bicelles have the ability to penetrate through the narrow intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum of the skin to reinforce its lipid lamellae. The bicelle structure also allows for the incorporation of different molecules that can be carried through the skin layers. All of these characteristics can be modulated by varying the lipid composition and experimental conditions. The remarkable versatility of bicelles is their most important characteristic, which makes their use possible in various fields. This system represents a platform for dermal applications. In this review, an overview of the main properties of bicelles and their effects on the skin are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyanna Barbosa-Barros
- Dept. of Chemical Technology and Surfactants, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya-I.Q.A.C., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-C.S.I.C., C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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214
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Wichit A, Tangsumranjit A, Pitaksuteepong T, Waranuch N. Polymeric micelles of PEG-PE as carriers of all-trans retinoic acid for stability improvement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:336-43. [PMID: 22274760 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an effective treatment for several skin disorders, including photo-aging. Unfortunately, ATRA is susceptible to light, heat, and oxidizing agents. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ability of polymeric micelles prepared from polyethylene glycol conjugated phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) to stabilize ATRA under various storage conditions. ATRA entrapped in polymeric micelles with various PEG and PE structures was prepared. The critical micelle concentrations were 97-243 μM, depending on the structures of the PEG and PE molecules. All of the micelles had particle diameters of 6-20 nm and neutral charges. The highest entrapment efficiency (82.7%) of the tested micelles was exhibited by ATRA in PEG with a molecular weight of 750 Da conjugated to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG(750)-DPPE) micelles. The PEG(750)-DPPE micelle could significantly retard ATRA oxidation compared to ATRA in 75% methanol/HBS solution. Up to 87% of ATRA remained in the PEG(750)-DPPE micelle solution after storage in ambient air for 28 days. This result suggests that PEG(750)-DPPE micelle can improve ATRA stability. Therefore, ATRA in PEG(750)-DPPE micelle is an interesting alternative structure for the development of cosmeceutical formulations.
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215
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Novel methods and devices to enhance transdermal drug delivery: the importance of laser radiation in transdermal drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:373-88. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin permeation-enhancement technology is a rapidly developing field, which could significantly increase the number of drugs suitable for transdermal delivery. In this review, we highlight recent advances in both ‘passive’ and ‘active’ transdermal drug-delivery technologies, as well as in the laser ablation method. This paper concludes with a brief forward-looking perspective discussing what can be expected as laser technology continues to develop in the coming years.
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216
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Aggarwal G, Dhawan S, Hari Kumar SL. Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of transdermal patches containing risperidone. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:39-50. [PMID: 22335586 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.657643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of oral risperidone treatment in prevention of schizophrenia is well known. However, oral side effects and patient compliance is always a problem for schizophrenics. In this study, risperidone was formulated into matrix transdermal patches to overcome these problems. The formulation factors for such patches, including eudragit RL 100 and eudragit RS 100 as matrix forming polymers, olive oil, groundnut oil and jojoba oil in different concentrations as enhancers and amount of drug loaded were investigated. The transdermal patches containing risperidone were prepared by solvent casting method and characterized for physicochemical and in vitro permeation studies through excised rat skin. Among the tested preparations, formulations with 20% risperidone, 3:2 ERL 100 and ERS 100 as polymers, mixture of olive oil and jojoba oil as enhancer, exhibited greatest cumulative amount of drug permeated (1.87 ± 0.09 mg/cm(2)) in 72 h, so batch ROJ was concluded as optimized formulation and assessed for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and skin irritation potential. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the optimized risperidone patch were determined using rabbits, while orally administered risperidone in solution was used for comparison. The calculated relative bioavailability of risperidone transdermal patch was 115.20% with prolonged release of drug. Neuroleptic efficacy of transdermal formulation was assessed by rota-rod and grip test in comparison with control and marketed oral formulations with no skin irritation. This suggests the transdermal application of risperidone holds promise for improved bioavailability and better management of schizophrenia in long-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Aggarwal
- Rayat and Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Sahauran, District Mohali, Punjab 140104, India.
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217
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Lessons from innovation in drug-device combination products. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:69-77. [PMID: 22200650 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-device combination products introduced a new dynamic on medical product development, regulatory approval, and corporate interaction that provide valuable lessons for the development of new generations of combination products. This paper examines the case studies of drug-eluting stents and transdermal patches to facilitate a detailed understanding of the challenges and opportunities introduced by combination products when compared to previous generations of traditional medical or drug delivery devices. Our analysis indicates that the largest barrier to introduce a new kind of combination products is the determination of the regulatory center that is to oversee its approval. The first product of a new class of combination products offers a learning opportunity for the regulator and the sponsor. Once that first product is approved, the leading regulatory center is determined, and the uncertainty about the entire class of combination products is drastically reduced. The sponsor pioneering a new class of combination products assumes a central role in reducing this uncertainty by advising the decision on the primary function of the combination product. Our analysis also suggests that this decision influences the nature (pharmaceutical, biotechnology, or medical devices) of the companies that will lead the introduction of these products into the market, and guide the structure of corporate interaction thereon.
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218
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Liu J, Wang Z, Liu C, Xi H, Li C, Chen Y, Sun L, Mu L, Fang L. Silicone adhesive, a better matrix for tolterodine patches—a research based onin vitro/in vivostudies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:1008-14. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.637049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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219
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Bariya SH, Gohel MC, Mehta TA, Sharma OP. Microneedles: an emerging transdermal drug delivery system. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:11-29. [PMID: 22150668 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the thrust areas in drug delivery research is transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) due to their characteristic advantages over oral and parenteral drug delivery systems. Researchers have focused their attention on the use of microneedles to overcome the barrier of the stratum corneum. Microneedles deliver the drug into the epidermis without disruption of nerve endings. Recent advances in the development of microneedles are discussed in this review for the benefit of young scientists and to promote research in the area. KEY FINDINGS Microneedles are fabricated using a microelectromechanical system employing silicon, metals, polymers or polysaccharides. Solid coated microneedles can be used to pierce the superficial skin layer followed by delivery of the drug. Advances in microneedle research led to development of dissolvable/degradable and hollow microneedles to deliver drugs at a higher dose and to engineer drug release. Iontophoresis, sonophoresis and electrophoresis can be used to modify drug delivery when used in concern with hollow microneedles. Microneedles can be used to deliver macromolecules such as insulin, growth hormones, immunobiologicals, proteins and peptides. Microneedles containing 'cosmeceuticals' are currently available to treat acne, pigmentation, scars and wrinkles, as well as for skin tone improvement. SUMMARY Literature survey and patents filled revealed that microneedle-based drug delivery system can be explored as a potential tool for the delivery of a variety of macromolecules that are not effectively delivered by conventional transdermal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital H Bariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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220
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Hu C, Li R, Yang H, Wang J. Properties of binary surfactant systems of nonionic surfactants C12E10, C12E23, and C12E42 with a cationic gemini surfactant in aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 356:605-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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221
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The viscoelastic, hyperelastic and scale dependent behaviour of freshly excised individual skin layers. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4670-81. [PMID: 21458062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Micro-devices using mechanical means to target skin for improved drug and vaccine delivery have great promise for improved clinical healthcare. Fully realizing this promise requires a greater understanding of key micro-biomechanical properties for each of the different skin layers - that are both the mechanical barriers and biological targets of these devices. Here, we performed atomic force microscopy indentation on a micro-nano scale to quantify separately, in fresh mouse skin, the viscous and elastic behaviour of the stratum corneum, viable epidermis and dermis. By accessing each layer directly, we examined the response to nanoindentation at sub-cellular and bulk-cellular scale. We found that the dermis showed greatest mechanical stiffness (elastic moduli of 7.33-13.48 MPa for 6.62 μm and 1.90 μm diameter spherical probes respectively). In comparison, the stratum corneum and viable epidermis were weaker at 0.75-1.62 MPa and 0.49-1.51 MPa respectively (again with the lower values resulting from indentations with the large probe 6.62 μm). The living cell layer of the epidermis (viable epidermis) showed greatest viscoelasticity - almost fully relaxing from shallow indentation - whilst the other layers reached a plateau after relaxing by around 40%. With small scale (sub-micron) AFM indentation, we directly determined the effects of different layer constituents - in particular, the dermis showed that some indents contacted collagen fibrils and others contacted ground substance/cellular areas. This work has far reaching implications for the design of micro-devices using mechanical means to deliver drugs or vaccines into the skin; providing key characterized mechanical property values for each constituent of the target delivery material.
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222
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Taghizadeh SM, Bajgholi S. A New Liposomal-Drug-in-Adhesive Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Sodium Diclofenac. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2011.225069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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223
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224
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Characterization and In Vitro Skin Permeation of Meloxicam-Loaded Liposomes versus Transfersomes. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2010; 2011:418316. [PMID: 21490750 PMCID: PMC3066552 DOI: 10.1155/2011/418316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate the potential use of liposome and transfersome vesicles in the transdermal drug delivery of meloxicam (MX). MX-loaded vesicles were prepared and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE), loading efficiency, stability, and in vitro skin permeation. The vesicles were spherical in structure, 90 to 140 nm in size, and negatively charged (−23 to −43 mV). The %EE of MX in the vesicles ranged from 40 to 70%. Transfersomes provided a significantly higher skin permeation of MX compared to liposomes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the application of transfersomes significantly disrupted the stratum corneum lipid. Our research suggests that MX-loaded transfersomes can be potentially used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
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225
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Sun LT, Buchholz KS, Lotze MT, Washburn NR. Cytokine binding by polysaccharide-antibody conjugates. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1769-77. [PMID: 20726535 DOI: 10.1021/mp100150z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine-neutralizing antibodies are used in treating a broad range of inflammatory conditions. We demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were still active when conjugated to high molecular weight polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are hydrophilic, but their size makes them unable to circulate in the bloodstream when delivered to tissues, opening up the possibility of localized treatment of inflammatory conditions. To explore this new class of protein-polysaccharide conjugates, we covalently modified interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibodies with high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose. Rigorous purification using dialysis with a 300 kDa-cutoff membrane removed unconjugated monoclonal antibodies. We characterized the composition of the constructs and demonstrated using molecular binding affinity measurements and cell assays that the conjugates were capable of binding proinflammatory cytokines. The binding affinities of both the unconjugated antibodies for their cytokines were measured to be approximately 120 pM. While all conjugates had pM-level binding constants, they ranged from 40 pM for the hyaluronic acid-(anti-interleukin-1β) conjugate to 412 pM for the carboxymethylcellulose-(anti-interleukin-1β) conjugate. Interestingly, the dissociation time constants varied more than the association time constants, suggesting that conjugation to a high molecular weight polysaccharide did not interfere with the formation of the antibody-cytokine complex but could stabilize or destabilize it once formed. Conjugation of cytokine-neutralizing antibodies to high molecular weight polymers represents a novel method of delivering anticytokine therapeutics that may avoid many of the complications associated with systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tso Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Paudel KS, Milewski M, Swadley CL, Brogden NK, Ghosh P, Stinchcomb AL. Challenges and opportunities in dermal/transdermal delivery. Ther Deliv 2010; 1:109-31. [PMID: 21132122 PMCID: PMC2995530 DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an exciting and challenging area. There are numerous transdermal delivery systems currently available on the market. However, the transdermal market still remains limited to a narrow range of drugs. Further advances in transdermal delivery depend on the ability to overcome the challenges faced regarding the permeation and skin irritation of the drug molecules. Emergence of novel techniques for skin permeation enhancement and development of methods to lessen skin irritation would widen the transdermal market for hydrophilic compounds, macromolecules and conventional drugs for new therapeutic indications. As evident from the ongoing clinical trials of a wide variety of drugs for various clinical conditions, there is a great future for transdermal delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana S Paudel
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Mikolaj Milewski
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Courtney L Swadley
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Nicole K Brogden
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Audra L Stinchcomb
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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227
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Zhang J, Liu M, Jin H, Deng L, Xing J, Dong A. In vitro enhancement of lactate esters on the percutaneous penetration of drugs with different lipophilicity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:894-903. [PMID: 20496018 PMCID: PMC2902310 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate esters are widely used as food additives, perfume materials, medicine additives, and personal care products. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of a series of lactate esters as penetration enhancers on the in vitro skin permeation of four drugs with different physicochemical properties, including ibuprofen, salicylic acid, dexamethasone and 5-fluorouracil. The saturated donor solutions of the evaluated drugs in propylene glycol were used in order to keep a constant driving force with maximum thermodynamic activity. The permeability coefficient (K(p)), skin concentration of drugs (SC), and lag time (T), as well as the enhancement ratios for K(p) and SC were recorded. All results indicated that lactate esters can exert a significant influence on the transdermal delivery of the model drugs and there is a structure-activity relationship between the tested lactate esters and their enhancement effects. The results also suggested that the lactate esters with the chain length of fatty alcohol moieties of 10-12 are more effective enhancers. Furthermore, the enhancement effect of lactate esters increases with a decrease of the drug lipophilicity, which suggests that they may be more efficient at enhancing the penetration of hydrophilic drugs than lipophilic drugs. The influence of the concentration of lactate esters was evaluated and the optimal concentration is in the range of 5-10 wt.%. In sum, lactate esters as a penetration enhancer for some drugs are of interest for transdermal administration when the safety of penetration enhancers is a prime consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- />School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Liu
- />School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Jin
- />School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Liandong Deng
- />School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Jinfeng Xing
- />School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- />School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
- />School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
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228
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Sun LT, Bencherif SA, Gilbert TW, Farkas AM, Lotze MT, Washburn NR. Biological activities of cytokine-neutralizing hyaluronic acid-antibody conjugates. Wound Repair Regen 2010; 18:302-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2010.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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229
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Wosicka H, Cal K. Targeting to the hair follicles: Current status and potential. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 57:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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