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Ojukwu M, Mbizo J, Leyva B, Olaku O, Zia F. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Overweight and Obese Cancer Survivors in the United States. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:503-14. [PMID: 26044767 DOI: 10.1177/1534735415589347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among US cancer survivors; examine whether use varies by underweight/normal weight, overweight, and obese body mass index status; determine reasons for use; and document disclosure rates of CAM use to medical professionals. METHODS Data for 1785 cancer survivors were obtained from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey and CAM supplement. The prevalence and associations of CAM use in the previous 12 months were compared among underweight/normal weight, overweight, and obese adult cancer survivors. RESULTS Nearly 90% of cancer survivors used at least one type of CAM therapy in the 12 months preceding the survey. Those who were overweight, but not obese, were more likely to use a CAM modality compared to normal/underweight respondents. Over two thirds (71%) reported using CAM therapy for general health and wellness and 39.3% used CAM because a health care provider recommended it. Disclosure rates of CAM use to conventional medical professionals varied widely by CAM modality. CONCLUSIONS An overwhelming majority of US cancer survivors use CAM for a variety of reasons. Overweight cancer survivors may be more likely to use CAM than those who are underweight, normal weight, or obese. Cancer survivors should be screened by medical providers for the use of CAM therapies; furthermore, prospective clinical research evaluating the efficacy and safety of biologically based CAM therapies, often used by cancer survivors, is important and necessary for the well-being of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ojukwu
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Bryan Leyva
- Process of Care Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oluwadamilola Olaku
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA Kelly Services Incorporated, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Farah Zia
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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202
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Associations between overweight, peer problems, and mental health in 12-13-year-old Norwegian children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:319-26. [PMID: 25012463 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and mental health problems represent two major challenges related to child and adolescent health. More knowledge of a possible relationship between the two problems and the influence of peer problems on the mental health of overweight children is needed. It has previously been hypothesized that peer problems may be an underlying factor in the association between overweight and mental health problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between overweight, peer problems, and indications of mental health problems in a sample of 12-13-year-old Norwegian schoolchildren. Children aged 12-13 years were recruited from the seventh grade of primary schools in Telemark County, Norway. Parents gave information about mental health and peer problems by completing the extended version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Height and weight were objectively measured. Complete data were obtained for 744 children. Fisher's exact probability test and multiple logistic regressions were used. Most children had normal good mental health. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that overweight children were more likely to have indications of psychiatric disorders (adjusted OR: 1.8, CI: 1.0-3.2) and peer problems (adjusted OR: 2.6, CI: 1.6-4.2) than normal-weight children, when adjusted for relevant background variables. When adjusted for peer problems, the association between overweight and indications of any psychiatric disorder was no longer significant. The results support the hypothesis that peer problems may be an important underlying factor for mental health problems in overweight children.
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203
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Qualter P, Murphy SM, Abbott J, Gardner KJ, Japel C, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Tremblay RE. Developmental associations between victimization and body mass index from 3 to 10 years in a population sample. Aggress Behav 2015; 41:109-22. [PMID: 27539933 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the current prospective study, we investigated (1) whether high and low BMI in early childhood puts a child at risk of victimization by their peers, and (2) whether being victimized increases BMI over the short- and long-term, independent of the effect of BMI on victimization. We also examined whether gender moderated these prospective associations. Participants were 1,344 children who were assessed yearly from ages 3 to 10 years as part of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). BMI predicted annual increases in victimization for girls aged 6 years and over; for boys aged 7 and 8 years of age, higher BMI reduced victimization over the school year. Further, victimization predicted annual increases in BMI for girls after age 6 years. When these short-term effects were held constant, victimization was also shown to have a three and 5-year influence on annual BMI changes for girls from age 3 years. These short- and long-term cross-lagged effects were evident when the effects of family adversity were controlled. The findings support those from previous prospective research showing a link between higher BMI and victimization, but only for girls. Further, being victimized increased the likelihood that girls would put on weight over time, which then increased future victimization. The implications of these prospective findings for interventions are considered. Aggr. Behav. 42:109-122, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Qualter
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston Lancashire UK
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Suzanne M. Murphy
- Institute of Health Research; University of Bedfordshire; Hitchin Road Luton UK
| | - Janice Abbott
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston Lancashire UK
| | - Kathryn J. Gardner
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston Lancashire UK
| | - Christa Japel
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM); Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psycho-education; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology; Université Laval; Québec City Québec Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences; University College Dublin; Ireland
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development; INSERM, U669; Paris France
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Abstract
Although research has consistently documented the prevalence and negative health implications of weight stigma, little is known about the stigma associated with eating disorders. Given that weight stigma is a risk factor associated with disordered eating, it is important to address stigma across the spectrum of eating and weight disorders. The aim of this review is to systematically review studies in the past 3 years evaluating stigma in the context of obesity and eating disorders (including binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa). Physical and psychological health consequences of stigma for individuals with obesity and eating disorders are discussed. Recent studies on weight stigma substantiate the unique influence of stigma on psychological maladjustment, eating pathology, and physiological stress. Furthermore, research documents negative stereotypes and social rejection of individuals with eating disorder subtypes, while attributions to personal responsibility promote blame and further stigmatization of these individuals. Future research should examine the association of stigma related to eating disorders and physical and emotional health correlates, as well as its role in health-care utilization and treatment outcomes. Additional longitudinal studies assessing how weight stigma influences emotional health and eating disorders can help identify adaptive coping strategies and improve clinical care of individuals with obesity and eating disorders.
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205
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Fernandes N, Khubchandani J, Seabert D, Nimkar S. Overweight status in Indian children: prevalence and psychosocial correlates. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:131-4. [PMID: 25691181 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between overweight status and psycho-social risk factors in Indian children. METHODS Data from India's nationally-representative Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed using SPSS for all participating students (n=8130, 58% males). RESULTS The likelihood of being overweight was significantly higher for children with fewer friends (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.13-1.18) or friends who were not kind or helpful, children with symptoms of depression (OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.03-1.39) and anxiety (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.07-1.15), children with little parental involvement (OR=1.06, 95%CI=1.02-1.10), and children who felt lonely or missed school days without permission. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial distress in overweight Indian children warrants comprehensive interventions for screening and treatment of pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Health Science, Ball State University, Indiana; *Dietetic Technician Program, LaGuardia Community College, New York; and #Department of Education, Health Services Program, University of Southern Indiana, Indiana; USA. Correspondence to: Dr Jagdish Khubchandani, Department of Physiology and Health Science, Ball State University, Indiana, USA.
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206
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Sikorski C, Luppa M, Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG. Weight stigma "gets under the skin"-evidence for an adapted psychological mediation framework: a systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:266-76. [PMID: 25627624 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research consistently shows a negative view of individuals with obesity in the general public and in various other settings. Stigma and discrimination can be considered chronic stressors, as these factors have a profound impact on the psychological well-being of the affected individuals. This article proposes a framework that entails a mediation of the adverse effects of discrimination and stigmatization on mental well-being through elevated psychological risk factors that are not unique to weight but that could affect overweight and normal-weight individuals alike. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychological risk factors, such as self-esteem and coping, in individuals with obesity. RESULTS Forty-six articles were assessed and included for detailed analysis. The number of studies on these topics is limited to certain dimensions of psychological processes. The best evaluated association of obesity and psychosocial aspects is seen for self-esteem. Most studies establish a negative association of weight and self-esteem in children and adults. All studies with mediation analysis find a positive mediation through psychological risk factors on mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that elevated psychological risk factors are existent in individuals with obesity and that they may be a mediator between weight discrimination and pathopsychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sikorski
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany; Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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207
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Hilbert A, Braehler E, Schmidt R, Löwe B, Häuser W, Zenger M. Self-Compassion as a Resource in the Self-Stigma Process of Overweight and Obese Individuals. Obes Facts 2015; 8:293-301. [PMID: 26422226 PMCID: PMC5644803 DOI: 10.1159/000438681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-stigma in overweight and obese individuals has strong associations with impairment in mental and global health. This study sought to explore self-compassion as a psychological resource in the self-stigma process. METHODS In a 2012 representative German population survey of N = 1,158 overweight and obese individuals, self-compassion was examined as a mediator between self-stigma and mental and physical health outcomes, including BMI (kg/m2), using structural equation modeling and controlling for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Psychological variables were assessed using validated self-report questionnaires. Self-compassion partially mediated the relationships between self-stigma and depression, somatic symptoms, and health status/quality of life, lowering the predictive effect of self-stigma on the outcomes by approximately one-third. In contrast, self-compassion, because it was unrelated to BMI, did not mediate the association between self-stigma and BMI. CONCLUSION Self-compassion has the potential to act as a buffer against the mental and global health detriments of self-stigma in overweight and obesity and could thus represent a target for interventions to reduce self-stigma and prevent these health impairments. In order to influence the association between self-stigma and BMI, self-compassion should conceptually be linked to weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Prof. Dr. Anja Hilbert, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,
| | - Elmar Braehler
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Häuser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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208
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Ligthart KAM, Paulis WD, Djasmo D, Koes BW, van Middelkoop M. Effect of multidisciplinary interventions on quality of life in obese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual Life Res 2014; 24:1635-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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209
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Aldrich H, Gance-Cleveland B, Schmiege S, Dandreaux D. Identification and assessment of childhood obesity by school-based health center providers. J Pediatr Health Care 2014; 28:526-33. [PMID: 24974347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School-based health centers (SBHCs) serve many overweight/obese children, yet little is known about provider adherence to obesity guidelines. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate obesity care assessment practices of SBHC providers prior to completing training on obesity guidelines. METHOD Providers (n = 33) from SBHCs in six states (AZ, CO, NM, MI, NY, and NC) completed The International Life Science Institute Research Foundation Assessment of Overweight in Children and Adolescents Survey. RESULTS Most providers reported using body mass index percentile (93.9%) to assess weight. In caring for overweight/obese children, providers reported screening for hypertension 100% of the time and cardiovascular disease 93.9% of the time, and approximately two thirds reported requesting total cholesterol and lipid profile laboratory assessments. Some assessment guidelines were not routinely followed. DISCUSSION SBHCs serve a high-risk population, and providers in this study may benefit from additional training on assessment guidelines and quality improvement processes to improve adherence to current guidelines.
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210
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Gitau TM, Micklesfield LK, Pettifor JM, Norris SA. Changes in eating attitudes, body esteem and weight control behaviours during adolescence in a South African cohort. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109709. [PMID: 25310343 PMCID: PMC4195663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to consume an adequate diet or over consumption during adolescence can disrupt normal growth and development, resulting in undesirable weight change. This leads to an increase in unhealthy weight control practices related to eating and exercise among both adolescent girls and boys to meet the societal 'ideal' body shape. This study therefore aims to examine the longitudinal changes in eating attitudes, body-esteem and weight control behaviours among adolescents between 13 and 17 years; and, to describe perceptions around body shape at age 17 years. A total of 1435 urban South African black and mixed ancestry boys and girls, who had data at both age 13 and 17 years from the Birth to Twenty cohort were included. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires on eating attitudes (EAT-26), body esteem and weight control behaviours for either weight loss or muscle gain attempts. Height and weight were measured at both time points and BMI was calculated. Black females had a higher BMI (p<0.001) and an increased risk of developing eating disorders as well as significant increase in the prevalence of weight loss practices between the ages 13 and 17 years. At age 17 years both Mixed ancestry adolescents had lower body-esteem compared to black adolescents. The prevalence of possible eating disorders was 11% and 13.1% in early and late adolescents respectively. Males and females shared similar opinions on normal silhouettes being the 'best', 'getting respect' and being the 'happiest', while the obese silhouette was associated with the 'worst' and the 'unhappiest', and the underweight silhouette with the "weakest". Black females had a higher BMI and an increased risk of developing eating disorders. Adolescent females engaged more in weight loss practices whereas, males in muscle gain practices indicating that Western norms of thinness as the ideal are becoming more common in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabither M. Gitau
- Wits/MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- Wits/MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John M. Pettifor
- Wits/MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- Wits/MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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211
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Brewis AA. Stigma and the perpetuation of obesity. Soc Sci Med 2014; 118:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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212
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Setchell J, Watson B, Jones L, Gard M, Briffa K. Physiotherapists demonstrate weight stigma: a cross-sectional survey of Australian physiotherapists. J Physiother 2014; 60:157-62. [PMID: 25084637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Do physiotherapists demonstrate explicit and implicit weight stigma? DESIGN Cross-sectional survey with partial blinding of participants. PARTICIPANTS responded to the Anti-Fat Attitudes questionnaire and physiotherapy case studies with body mass index (BMI) manipulated (normal or overweight/obese). The Anti-Fat Attitudes questionnaire included 13 items scored on a Likert-type scale from 0 to 8. Any score greater than zero indicated explicit weight stigma. Implicit weight stigma was determined by comparing responses to case studies with people of different BMI categories (where responses were quantitative) and by thematic and count analysis for free-text responses. PARTICIPANTS Australian physiotherapists (n=265) recruited via industry networks. RESULTS The mean item score for the Anti-Fat Attitudes questionnaire was 3.2 (SD 1.1), which indicated explicit weight stigma. The Dislike (2.1, SD 1.2) subscale had a lower mean item score than the Fear (3.9, SD 1.8) and Willpower (4.9, SD 1.5) subscales. There was minimal indication from the case studies that people who are overweight receive different treatment from physiotherapists in clinical parameters such as length of treatment time (p=0.73) or amount of hands-on treatment (p=0.88). However, there were indications of implicit weight stigma in the way participants discussed weight in free-text responses about patient management. CONCLUSION Physiotherapists demonstrate weight stigma. This finding is likely to affect the way they communicate with patients about their weight, which may negatively impact their patients. It is recommended that physiotherapists reflect on their own attitudes towards people who are overweight and whether weight stigma influences treatment focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Setchell
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Liz Jones
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Michael Gard
- School of Education, Southern Cross University and School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathy Briffa
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Australia
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213
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Wimalawansa SJ. Stigma of obesity: A major barrier to overcome. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2014; 1:73-76. [PMID: 29159086 PMCID: PMC5685031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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214
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Quick V, McWilliams R, Byrd-Bredbenner C. A case-control study of current psychological well-being and weight-teasing history in young adults with and without bowel conditions. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 28:28-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Quick
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; NIH; DHHS; Bethesda MD USA
| | - R. McWilliams
- Department of Human Ecology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - C. Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
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215
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Austin SB, Gordon AR, Kennedy GA, Sonneville KR, Blossom J, Blood EA. Spatial distribution of cosmetic-procedure businesses in two U.S. cities: a pilot mapping and validation study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:6832-62. [PMID: 24322394 PMCID: PMC3881144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10126832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic procedures have proliferated rapidly over the past few decades, with over $11 billion spent on cosmetic surgeries and other minimally invasive procedures and another $2.9 billion spent on U.V. indoor tanning in 2012 in the United States alone. While research interest is increasing in tandem with the growth of the industry, methods have yet to be developed to identify and geographically locate the myriad types of businesses purveying cosmetic procedures. Geographic location of cosmetic-procedure businesses is a critical element in understanding the public health impact of this industry; however no studies we are aware of have developed valid and feasible methods for spatial analyses of these types of businesses. The aim of this pilot validation study was to establish the feasibility of identifying businesses offering surgical and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures and to characterize the spatial distribution of these businesses. We developed and tested three methods for creating a geocoded list of cosmetic-procedure businesses in Boston (MA) and Seattle (WA), USA, comparing each method on sensitivity and staff time required per confirmed cosmetic-procedure business. Methods varied substantially. Our findings represent an important step toward enabling rigorous health-linked spatial analyses of the health implications of this little-understood industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 333 Longwood Ave., #634, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mails: (G.A.K.); (K.R.S.); (E.A.B.)
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +1-617-355-8194
| | - Allegra R. Gordon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Grace A. Kennedy
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 333 Longwood Ave., #634, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mails: (G.A.K.); (K.R.S.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Kendrin R. Sonneville
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 333 Longwood Ave., #634, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mails: (G.A.K.); (K.R.S.); (E.A.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blossom
- Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Emily A. Blood
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 333 Longwood Ave., #634, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mails: (G.A.K.); (K.R.S.); (E.A.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Pratt CA, Boyington J, Esposito L, Pemberton VL, Bonds D, Kelley M, Yang S, Murray D, Stevens J. Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR): interventions addressing multiple influences in childhood and adolescent obesity. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 36:406-13. [PMID: 23999502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper is the first of five papers in this issue that describes a new research consortium funded by the National Institutes of Health. It describes the design characteristics of the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) trials and common measurements across the trials. The COPTR Consortium is conducting interventions to prevent obesity in pre-schoolers and treat overweight or obese 7-13 year olds. Four randomized controlled trials will enroll a total of 1700 children and adolescents (~50% female, 70% minorities), and will test innovative multi-level and multi-component interventions in multiple settings involving primary care physicians, parks and recreational centers, family advocates, and schools. For all the studies, the primary outcome measure is body mass index; secondary outcomes, moderators and mediators of intervention include diet, physical activity, home and neighborhood influences, and psychosocial factors. COPTR is being conducted collaboratively among four participating field centers, a coordinating center, and NIH project offices. Outcomes from COPTR have the potential to enhance our knowledge of interventions to prevent and treat childhood obesity.
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