201
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Liu Q, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Chemotherapy and tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:68. [PMID: 28694739 PMCID: PMC5498917 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely dismal malignance. Chemotherapy has been widely applied to treat this intractable tumor. It has exclusive tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by dense desmoplasia and profound infiltrations of immunosuppressive cells. Interactions between stromal cells and cancer cells play vital roles to affect the biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer. Targeting the stromal components of pancreatic cancer has shown promising results. In addition to the direct toxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on cancer cells, they can also remodel the TME, eventually affecting their efficacy. Herein, we reviewed the following four aspects; (1) clinical landmark advances of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer, since 2000; (2) interactions and mechanisms between stromal cells and pancreatic cancer cells; (3) remodeling effects and mechanisms of chemotherapy on TME; (4) targeting stromal components in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
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202
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Abstract
Imaging is widely used in anticancer drug development, typically for whole-body tracking of labelled drugs to different organs or to assess drug efficacy through volumetric measurements. However, increasing attention has been drawn to pharmacology at the single-cell level. Diverse cell types, including cancer-associated immune cells, physicochemical features of the tumour microenvironment and heterogeneous cell behaviour all affect drug delivery, response and resistance. This Review summarizes developments in the imaging of in vivo anticancer drug action, with a focus on microscopy approaches at the single-cell level and translational lessons for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A. Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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203
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de Rooij B, Polak R, van den Berk LCJ, Stalpers F, Pieters R, den Boer ML. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells create a leukemic niche without affecting the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. Haematologica 2017; 102:e389-e393. [PMID: 28619846 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.159517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bob de Rooij
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Polak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke C J van den Berk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Stalpers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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204
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Shen S, Li HJ, Chen KG, Wang YC, Yang XZ, Lian ZX, Du JZ, Wang J. Spatial Targeting of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Tumor Cells with a pH-Sensitive Cluster Nanocarrier for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3822-3829. [PMID: 28488871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy, which combines chemotherapeutics with immune-modulating agents, represents an appealing approach for improving cancer therapy. To optimize its therapeutic efficacy, differentially delivering multiple therapeutic drugs to target cells is desirable. Here we developed an immunostimulatory nanocarrier (denoted as BLZ-945SCNs/Pt) that could spatially target tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells for cancer chemoimmunotherapy. BLZ-945SCNs/Pt undergo supersensitive structure collapse in the prevascular regions of tumor tissues and enable the simultaneous release of platinum (Pt)-prodrug conjugated small particles and BLZ-945, a small molecule inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) of TAMs. The released BLZ-945 can be preferentially taken up by TAMs to cause TAMs depletion from tumor tissues, while the small particles carrying Pt-prodrug enable deep tumor penetration as well as intracellularly specific drug release to kill more cancer cells. Our studies demonstrate that BLZ-945SCNs/Pt outperform their monotherapy counterparts in multiple tumor models. The underlying mechanism studies suggest that the designer pH-sensitive codelivery nanocarrier not only induces apoptosis of tumor cells but also modulates the tumor immune environment to eventually augment the antitumor effect of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells through TAMs depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Shen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Institutes for Life Sciences, and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kai-Ge Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yu-Cai Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xian-Zhu Yang
- Institutes for Life Sciences, and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Institutes for Life Sciences, and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- Institutes for Life Sciences, and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes for Life Sciences, and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
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205
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Tariq M, Zhang J, Liang G, Ding L, He Q, Yang B. Macrophage Polarization: Anti-Cancer Strategies to Target Tumor-Associated Macrophage in Breast Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2484-2501. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Guikai Liang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
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206
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Lokerse WJM, Bolkestein M, Dalm SU, Eggermont AMM, de Jong M, Grüll H, Koning GA. Comparing the therapeutic potential of thermosensitive liposomes and hyperthermia in two distinct subtypes of breast cancer. J Control Release 2017; 258:34-42. [PMID: 28479096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery of Doxorubicin (Dox) with thermosensitive liposomes (TSL) and hyperthermia (HT) has shown preclinically to achieve high local drug concentrations with good therapeutic efficacy. Currently, this is clinically studied for treatment of chest wall recurrence of breast cancer, however with various outcomes. This study examines the potency of neoadjuvant TSL HT combination therapy in two orthotopic mouse models of human breast cancer, MDA-MB-231 and T-47D, which morphologically correlate to mesenchymal and epithelial phenotypes, respectively. Both cell lines showed improved in vitro chemosensitivity and Dox uptake at HT. Dox-loaded TSL (TSLDox) was stable in vitro in FBS, BALB/c-nu plasma and human plasma, although release of the drug at HT was incomplete for the latter two. Combination treatment with TSLDox and HT in vivo was significantly more effective against MDA-MB-231 tumors, whereas T-47D tumors showed no significant therapeutic response. Ex vivo investigation revealed a higher mean vessel density and poorly differentiated extracellular matrix (ECM) in MDA-MB-231 tumors relative to T-47D tumors. Although in vitro results of the TSLDox and HT treatment were favorable for both cell types, the therapeutic efficacy in vivo was remarkably different. The well-differentiated and slowly-growing T-47D tumors may provide a microenvironment that limits drug delivery to the target cell and therefore renders the therapy ineffective. Mesenchymal and invasive MDA-MB-231 tumors display higher vascularization and less mature ECM, significantly enhancing tumor response to TSLDox and HT treatment. These results yield insight into the efficacy of TSL treatment within different tumor microenvironments, and further advance our understanding of factors that contribute to heterogeneous therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J M Lokerse
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Bolkestein
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone U Dalm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- Cancer Institute Gustave-Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif/Paris-Sud 94800, France
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Grüll
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Gerben A Koning
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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207
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Suijkerbuijk SJE, van Rheenen J. From good to bad: Intravital imaging of the hijack of physiological processes by cancer cells. Dev Biol 2017; 428:328-337. [PMID: 28473106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of tissues is tightly regulated at the cellular, tissue and organismal level. Interestingly, tumor cells have found ways to hijack many of these physiological processes at all the different levels. Here we review how intravital microscopy techniques have provided new insights into our understanding of tissue homeostasis and cancer progression. In addition, we highlight the different strategies that tumor cells have adopted to use these physiological processes for their own benefit. We describe how visualization of these dynamic processes in living mice has broadened to our view on cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J E Suijkerbuijk
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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208
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de Rooij B, Polak R, Stalpers F, Pieters R, den Boer ML. Tunneling nanotubes facilitate autophagosome transfer in the leukemic niche. Leukemia 2017; 31:1651-1654. [PMID: 28400620 PMCID: PMC5508073 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B de Rooij
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Polak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Stalpers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Pieters
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M L den Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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209
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Miller MA, Weissleder R. Imaging the pharmacology of nanomaterials by intravital microscopy: Toward understanding their biological behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:61-86. [PMID: 27266447 PMCID: PMC5136524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and other drugs more safely and efficiently to patients; furthermore, selective delivery to target tissues can theoretically be accomplished actively through coating NPs with molecular ligands, and passively through exploiting physiological "enhanced permeability and retention" features. However, clinical trial results have been mixed in showing improved efficacy with drug nanoencapsulation, largely due to heterogeneous NP accumulation at target sites across patients. Thus, a clear need exists to better understand why many NP strategies fail in vivo and not result in significantly improved tumor uptake or therapeutic response. Multicolor in vivo confocal fluorescence imaging (intravital microscopy; IVM) enables integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) measurement at the single-cell level, and has helped answer key questions regarding the biological mechanisms of in vivo NP behavior. This review summarizes progress to date and also describes useful technical strategies for successful IVM experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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210
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Frazier JP, Bertout JA, Kerwin WS, Moreno-Gonzalez A, Casalini JR, Grenley MO, Beirne E, Watts KL, Keener A, Thirstrup DJ, Tretyak I, Ditzler SH, Tripp CD, Choy K, Gillings S, Breit MN, Meleo KA, Rizzo V, Herrera CL, Perry JA, Amaravadi RK, Olson JM, Klinghoffer RA. Multidrug Analyses in Patients Distinguish Efficacious Cancer Agents Based on Both Tumor Cell Killing and Immunomodulation. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2869-2880. [PMID: 28364003 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The vision of a precision medicine-guided approach to novel cancer drug development is challenged by high intratumor heterogeneity and interpatient diversity. This complexity is rarely modeled accurately during preclinical drug development, hampering predictions of clinical drug efficacy. To address this issue, we developed Comparative In Vivo Oncology (CIVO) arrayed microinjection technology to test tumor responsiveness to simultaneous microdoses of multiple drugs directly in a patient's tumor. Here, in a study of 18 canine patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS), CIVO captured complex, patient-specific tumor responses encompassing both cancer cells and multiple immune infiltrates following localized exposure to different chemotherapy agents. CIVO also classified patient-specific tumor resistance to the most effective agent, doxorubicin, and further enabled assessment of a preclinical autophagy inhibitor, PS-1001, to reverse doxorubicin resistance. In a CIVO-identified subset of doxorubicin-resistant tumors, PS-1001 resulted in enhanced antitumor activity, increased infiltration of macrophages, and skewed this infiltrate toward M1 polarization. The ability to evaluate and cross-compare multiple drugs and drug combinations simultaneously in living tumors and across a diverse immunocompetent patient population may provide a foundation from which to make informed drug development decisions. This method also represents a viable functional approach to complement current precision oncology strategies. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2869-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andy Keener
- Presage Biosciences, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Choy
- Oncology Department, Seattle Veterinary Specialists, Kirkland, Washington
| | - Sarah Gillings
- Oncology Department, Summit Veterinary Referral Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Megan N Breit
- Oncology Department, BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Renton, Washington
| | - Karri A Meleo
- Oncology Department, BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vanessa Rizzo
- Oncology Department, Summit Veterinary Referral Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Chamisa L Herrera
- Oncology Department, BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Seattle, Washington
| | - James A Perry
- Oncology Department, Seattle Veterinary Specialists, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
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211
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Brown JM, Recht L, Strober S. The Promise of Targeting Macrophages in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3241-3250. [PMID: 28341752 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy has developed around the concept of killing, or stopping the growth of, the cancer cells. Molecularly targeted therapy is the modern expression of this paradigm. Increasingly, however, the realization that the cancer has co-opted the normal cells of the stroma for its own survival has led to the concept that the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be targeted for effective therapy. In this review, we outline the importance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), a major component of the TME, in the response of tumors to cancer therapy. We discuss the normal role of macrophages in wound healing, the major phenotypes of TAMs, and their role in blunting the efficacy of cancer treatment by radiation and anticancer drugs, both by promoting tumor angiogenesis and by suppressing antitumor immunity. Finally, we review the many preclinical studies that have shown that the response of tumors to irradiation and anticancer drugs can be improved, sometimes markedly so, by depleting TAMs from tumors or by suppressing their polarization from an M1 to an M2 phenotype. The data clearly support the validity of clinical testing of combining targeting TAMs with conventional therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3241-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martin Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Samuel Strober
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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212
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Ramamonjisoa N, Ackerstaff E. Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor-Stroma Interaction by Non-invasive Preclinical Imaging. Front Oncol 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28197395 PMCID: PMC5281579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are often characterized by hypoxia, vascular abnormalities, low extracellular pH, increased interstitial fluid pressure, altered choline-phospholipid metabolism, and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). The impact of these tumor characteristics has been investigated extensively in the context of tumor development, progression, and treatment response, resulting in a number of non-invasive imaging biomarkers. More recent evidence suggests that cancer cells undergo metabolic reprograming, beyond aerobic glycolysis, in the course of tumor development and progression. The resulting altered metabolic content in tumors has the ability to affect cell signaling and block cellular differentiation. Additional emerging evidence reveals that the interaction between tumor and stroma cells can alter tumor metabolism (leading to metabolic reprograming) as well as tumor growth and vascular features. This review will summarize previous and current preclinical, non-invasive, multimodal imaging efforts to characterize the tumor microenvironment, including its stromal components and understand tumor-stroma interaction in cancer development, progression, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirilanto Ramamonjisoa
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Ackerstaff
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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213
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Cao Z, Scandura JM, Inghirami GG, Shido K, Ding BS, Rafii S. Molecular Checkpoint Decisions Made by Subverted Vascular Niche Transform Indolent Tumor Cells into Chemoresistant Cancer Stem Cells. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:110-126. [PMID: 27989801 PMCID: PMC5497495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) regulate tumor cell aggressiveness. However, the core mechanism by which TECs confer stem cell-like activity to indolent tumors is unknown. Here, we used in vivo murine and human tumor models to identify the tumor-suppressive checkpoint role of TEC-expressed insulin growth factor (IGF) binding protein-7 (IGFBP7/angiomodulin). During tumorigenesis, IGFBP7 blocks IGF1 and inhibits expansion and aggresiveness of tumor stem-like cells (TSCs) expressing IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). However, chemotherapy triggers TECs to suppress IGFBP7, and this stimulates IGF1R+ TSCs to express FGF4, inducing a feedforward FGFR1-ETS2 angiocrine cascade that obviates TEC IGFBP7. Thus, loss of IGFBP7 and upregulation of IGF1 activates the FGF4-FGFR1-ETS2 pathway in TECs and converts naive tumor cells to chemoresistant TSCs, thereby facilitating their invasiveness and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Cao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giorgio G Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Koji Shido
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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214
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Tumor Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:331-370. [PMID: 29282692 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant inflammatory infiltrates in the tumor stroma. TAMs promote tumor growth by suppressing immunocompetent cells, including neovascularization and supporting cancer stem cells. In the chapter, we discuss recent efforts in reprogramming or inhibiting tumor-protecting properties of TAMs, and developing potential strategies to increase the efficacy of breast cancer treatment.
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215
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van Grinsven E, Prunier C, Vrisekoop N, Ritsma L. Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy Animal Preparation Protocol to Study Cellular Dynamics in Pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1563:51-71. [PMID: 28324601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6810-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) is an advanced imaging platform that allows the visualization of dynamic processes at subcellular resolution in vivo. Dynamic processes like cell migration, cell proliferation, cell-cell interactions, and cell signaling have an interactive character and occur in complex environments. Hence, it is of pivotal importance to study these processes in living animals, using for example 2P-IVM. 2P-IVM can be performed on a variety of tissues, from the skin of the animal to internal organs, and a variety of methods can be utilized to perform 2P-IVM on these tissues. Here, we discuss the protocols and considerations for four of those 2P-IVM methods, namely tissue explant imaging, skin imaging, surgical exposure imaging, and multi-day window imaging. We carefully compare and explain in depth how to set up each method. Lastly, in the notes section we mention some alternative solutions for the 2P-IVM methods described. In conclusion, this protocol can be used as a guide towards deciding which 2P-IVM method to use and to enable the setup of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinke van Grinsven
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chloé Prunier
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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216
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Chan TS, Hsu CC, Pai VC, Liao WY, Huang SS, Tan KT, Yen CJ, Hsu SC, Chen WY, Shan YS, Li CR, Lee MT, Jiang KY, Chu JM, Lien GS, Weaver VM, Tsai KK. Metronomic chemotherapy prevents therapy-induced stromal activation and induction of tumor-initiating cells. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2967-2988. [PMID: 27881732 PMCID: PMC5154935 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chan et al. report that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with low-dose metronomic chemotherapy prevents stromal secretion of ELR+ chemokines and induction of tumor-initiating cells usually observed with administration of drugs at maximum tolerated dose. Although traditional chemotherapy kills a fraction of tumor cells, it also activates the stroma and can promote the growth and survival of residual cancer cells to foster tumor recurrence and metastasis. Accordingly, overcoming the host response induced by chemotherapy could substantially improve therapeutic outcome and patient survival. In this study, resistance to treatment and metastasis has been attributed to expansion of stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Molecular analysis of the tumor stroma in neoadjuvant chemotherapy–treated human desmoplastic cancers and orthotopic tumor xenografts revealed that traditional maximum-tolerated dose chemotherapy, regardless of the agents used, induces persistent STAT-1 and NF-κB activity in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. This induction results in the expression and secretion of ELR motif–positive (ELR+) chemokines, which signal through CXCR-2 on carcinoma cells to trigger their phenotypic conversion into TICs and promote their invasive behaviors, leading to paradoxical tumor aggression after therapy. In contrast, the same overall dose administered as a low-dose metronomic chemotherapy regimen largely prevented therapy-induced stromal ELR+ chemokine paracrine signaling, thus enhancing treatment response and extending survival of mice carrying desmoplastic cancers. These experiments illustrate the importance of stroma in cancer therapy and how its impact on treatment resistance could be tempered by altering the dosing schedule of systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Sian Chan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Vincent C Pai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Liao
- Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Shenq-Shyang Huang
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Tong Tan
- Department of Surgery, Tung's Metro-harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rong Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Michael T Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71003, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Jiang
- Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Mei Chu
- Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan
| | - Gi-Shih Lien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Anatomy, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kelvin K Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan .,Laboratory for Tumor Aggressiveness and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City 70456, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
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217
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Bajaj J, Konuma T, Lytle NK, Kwon HY, Ablack JN, Cantor JM, Rizzieri D, Chuah C, Oehler VG, Broome EH, Ball ED, van der Horst EH, Ginsberg MH, Reya T. CD98-Mediated Adhesive Signaling Enables the Establishment and Propagation of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:792-805. [PMID: 27908736 PMCID: PMC5137811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease associated with drug resistance and relapse. To improve therapeutic strategies, it is critical to better understand the mechanisms that underlie AML progression. Here we show that the integrin binding glycoprotein CD98 plays a central role in AML. CD98 promotes AML propagation and lethality by driving engagement of leukemia cells with their microenvironment and maintaining leukemic stem cells. Further, delivery of a humanized anti-CD98 antibody blocks growth of patient-derived AML, highlighting the importance of this pathway in human disease. These findings indicate that microenvironmental interactions are key regulators of AML and that disrupting these signals with targeted inhibitors such as CD98 antibodies may be a valuable therapeutic approach for adults and children with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevisha Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nikki K Lytle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jailal N Ablack
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph M Cantor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Rizzieri
- Division of Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles Chuah
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Vivian G Oehler
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Broome
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edward D Ball
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Division, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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218
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Regan DP, Escaffi A, Coy J, Kurihara J, Dow SW. Role of monocyte recruitment in hemangiosarcoma metastasis in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1309-1322. [PMID: 27779362 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly malignant tumour associated with short survival times because of early and widespread metastasis. In humans and rodents, monocytes play key roles in promoting tumour metastasis through stimulating tumour cell extravasation, seeding, growth and angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the potential association between monocyte infiltration and tumour metastasis in HSA and other common canine tumours. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify CD18+ monocytes within metastases. We found that HSA metastases had significantly greater numbers of CD18+ monocytes compared with metastases from other tumour types. HSA cells were the highest producers of the monocyte chemokine CCL2, and stimulated canine monocyte migration in a CCL2 dependent manner. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of CCL2 and recruitment of large numbers of monocytes may explain in part the aggressive metastatic nature of canine HSA. Thus, therapies designed to block monocyte recruitment may be an effective adjuvant strategy for suppressing HSA metastasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Escaffi
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Coy
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Kurihara
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S W Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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219
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Ireland L, Santos A, Ahmed MS, Rainer C, Nielsen SR, Quaranta V, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Engle DD, Perez-Mancera PA, Coupland SE, Taktak A, Bogenrieder T, Tuveson DA, Campbell F, Schmid MC, Mielgo A. Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Is Driven by Stroma-Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6851-6863. [PMID: 27742686 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myofibroblasts are key drivers in cancer that are associated with drug resistance in many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TAM and fibroblasts contribute to chemoresistance is unclear. In this study, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts directly support chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by secreting insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2, which activate insulin/IGF receptors on pancreatic cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from patients with pancreatic cancer revealed that 72% of the patients expressed activated insulin/IGF receptors on tumor cells, and this positively correlates with increased CD163+ TAM infiltration. In vivo, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts were the main sources of IGF production, and pharmacologic blockade of IGF sensitized pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine. These findings suggest that inhibition of IGF in combination with chemotherapy could benefit patients with PDAC, and that insulin/IGF1R activation may be used as a biomarker to identify patients for such therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6851-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Almudena Santos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Rainer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian R Nielsen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danielle D Engle
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Azzam Taktak
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Medicine and Translational Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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220
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Rodriguez-Tirado C, Kitamura T, Kato Y, Pollard JW, Condeelis JS, Entenberg D. Long-term High-Resolution Intravital Microscopy in the Lung with a Vacuum Stabilized Imaging Window. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768066 DOI: 10.3791/54603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to secondary sites such as the lung, liver and bone is a traumatic event with a mortality rate of approximately 90% 1. Of these sites, the lung is the most difficult to assess using intravital optical imaging due to its enclosed position within the body, delicate nature and vital role in sustaining proper physiology. While clinical modalities (positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)) are capable of providing noninvasive images of this tissue, they lack the resolution necessary to visualize the earliest seeding events, with a single pixel consisting of nearly a thousand cells. Current models of metastatic lung seeding postulate that events just after a tumor cell's arrival are deterministic for survival and subsequent growth. This means that real-time intravital imaging tools with single cell resolution 2 are required in order to define the phenotypes of the seeding cells and test these models. While high resolution optical imaging of the lung has been performed using various ex vivo preparations, these experiments are typically single time-point assays and are susceptible to artifacts and possible erroneous conclusions due to the dramatically altered environment (temperature, profusion, cytokines, etc.) resulting from removal from the chest cavity and circulatory system 3. Recent work has shown that time-lapse intravital optical imaging of the intact lung is possible using a vacuum stabilized imaging window 2,4,5 however, typical imaging times have been limited to approximately 6 hr. Here we describe a protocol for performing long-term intravital time-lapse imaging of the lung utilizing such a window over a period of 12 hr. The time-lapse image sequences obtained using this method enable visualization and quantitation of cell-cell interactions, membrane dynamics and vascular perfusion in the lung. We further describe an image processing technique that gives an unprecedentedly clear view of the lung microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Jeffery W Pollard
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
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221
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Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the tumor stroma drives endocrine therapy-dependent breast tumor regression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22081-97. [PMID: 26098779 PMCID: PMC4673148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved efficacy of neoadjuvant endocrine-targeting therapies in luminal breast carcinomas could be achieved with optimal use of pathway targeting agents. In a mouse model of ductal breast carcinoma we identify a tumor regressive stromal reaction that is induced by neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. This reparative reaction is characterized by tumor neovascularization accompanied by infiltration of immune cells and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts that stain for phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), downstream the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. While tumor variants with higher PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity respond well to a combination of endocrine and PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, tumor variants with lower PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity respond more poorly to the combination therapy than to the endocrine therapy alone, associated with inhibition of stromal pS6 and the reparative reaction. In human breast cancer xenografts we confirm that such differential sensitivity to therapy is primarily determined by the level of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in tumor cells. We further show that the clinical response of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is associated with the reparative stromal reaction. We conclude that tumor level and localization of pS6 are associated with therapeutic response in breast cancer and represent biomarkers to distinguish which tumors will benefit from the incorporation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy.
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222
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Wu Y, Deng Z, Wang H, Ma W, Zhou C, Zhang S. Repeated cycles of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy impaired anti-tumor functions of cytotoxic T cells in a CT26 tumor-bearing mouse model. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:29. [PMID: 27645787 PMCID: PMC5028929 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the immunostimulatory roles of chemotherapeutics have been increasingly revealed, although bone marrow suppression is still a common toxicity of chemotherapy. While the numbers and ratios of different immune subpopulations are analyzed after chemotherapy, changes to immune status after each cycle of treatment are less studied and remain unclear. Results To determine the tumor-specific immune status and functions after different cycles of chemotherapy, we treated CT26 tumor-bearing mice with one to four cycles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Overall survival was not improved when more than one cycle of 5-FU was administered. Here we present data concerning the immune statuses after one and three cycles of chemotherapy. We analyzed the amount of spleen cells from mice treated with one and three cycles of 5-FU as well as assayed their proliferation and cytotoxicity against the CT26 tumor cell line. We found that the absolute numbers of CD8 T-cells and NK cells were not influenced significantly after either one or three cycles of chemotherapy. However, after three cycles of 5-FU, proliferated CD8 T-cells were decreased, and CT26-specific cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion of spleen cells were impaired in vitro. After one cycle of 5-FU, there was a greater percentage of tumor infiltrating CD8 T-cells. In addition, more proliferated CD8 T-cells, enhanced tumor-specific cytotoxicity as well as IFN-γ secretion of spleen cells against CT26 in vitro were observed. Given the increased expression of immunosuppressive factors, such as PD-L1 and TGF-β, we assessed the effect of early introduction of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy. We found that mice treated with cytokine induced killer cells and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies after one cycle of 5-FU had a better anti-tumor performance than those treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone. Conclusions These data suggest that a single cycle of 5-FU treatment promoted an anti-tumor immune response, whereas repeated chemotherapy cycles impaired anti-tumor immune functions. Though the amount of immune cells could recover after chemotherapy suspension, their anti-tumor functions were damaged by multiple rounds of chemotherapy. These findings also point towards early implementation of immunotherapy to improve the anti-tumor effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-016-0167-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wu
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Deng
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Wang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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223
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Abstract
Recent developments in studies of tumor heterogeneity have provoked new thoughts on cancer management. There is a desperate need to understand influence of the tumor microenvironment on cancer development and evolution. Applying principles and quantitative methods from ecology can suggest novel solutions to fulfil this need. We discuss spatial heterogeneity as a fundamental biological feature of the microenvironment, which has been largely ignored. Histological samples can provide spatial context of diverse cell types coexisting within the microenvironment. Advanced computer-vision techniques have been developed for spatial mapping of cells in histological samples. This has enabled the applications of experimental and analytical tools from ecology to cancer research, generating system-level knowledge of microenvironmental spatial heterogeneity. We focus on studies of immune infiltrate and tumor resource distribution, and highlight statistical approaches for addressing the emerging challenges based on these new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; and Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London
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224
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Kim C, Kim HS, Shim WH, Choi CG, Kim SJ, Kim JH. Recurrent Glioblastoma: Combination of High Cerebral Blood Flow with MGMT Promoter Methylation Is Associated with Benefit from Low-Dose Temozolomide Rechallenge at First Recurrence. Radiology 2016; 282:212-221. [PMID: 27428890 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016152152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine if the combination of high cerebral blood flow (CBF) and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is associated with benefit from a second round of low-dose temozolomide (TMZ) (ie, rechallenge) in patients with glioblastoma at first recurrence. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective cohort study and waived the requirement for informed consent. Seventy-two patients with recurrent glioblastoma after concurrent TMZ radiation therapy were treated with a low-dose TMZ rechallenge and underwent arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. The cohort was dichotomized to high-CBF and low-CBF subgroups. MGMT promoter methylation was determined before concurrent TMZ radiation therapy. The coprimary end points were median time to progression (TTP) and 6-month outcome after the initiation of low-dose TMZ. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between clinical outcome and CBF status. Results There was a significant difference between the high- and low-CBF cohorts in median TTP (6 months vs 3 months, respectively; P = .001). Favorable 6-month outcomes occurred in 16 of 31 (52%) patients with high CBF and six of 41 (15%) patients with low CBF (P = .001). At multivariate analysis, high CBF was independently associated with longer TTP (P = .023). The association between high CBF and favorable outcome was significant only in the MGMT promoter methylation group (P = .006 for TTP; P = .005 for 6-month outcome). Conclusion The combination of high CBF with MGMT methylation may be associated with benefits from a low-dose TMZ rechallenge in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. However, alternative strategies might be needed for patients with both low CBF and a lack of MGMT methylation. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.K., H.S.K., W.H.S., C.G.C., S.J.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.K.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.K., H.S.K., W.H.S., C.G.C., S.J.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.K.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Shim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.K., H.S.K., W.H.S., C.G.C., S.J.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.K.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Choong Gon Choi
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.K., H.S.K., W.H.S., C.G.C., S.J.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.K.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.K., H.S.K., W.H.S., C.G.C., S.J.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.K.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.K., H.S.K., W.H.S., C.G.C., S.J.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.K.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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225
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Vallerand D, Massonnet G, Kébir F, Gentien D, Maciorowski Z, De la Grange P, Sigal-Zafrani B, Richardson M, Humbert S, Thuleau A, Assayag F, de Plater L, Nicolas A, Scholl S, Marangoni E, Weigand S, Roman-Roman S, Savina A, Decaudin D. Characterization of Breast Cancer Preclinical Models Reveals a Specific Pattern of Macrophage Polarization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157670. [PMID: 27388901 PMCID: PMC4936680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery efforts have focused on the tumor microenvironment in recent years. However, few studies have characterized the stroma component in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs). In this study, we characterized the stroma in various models of breast cancer tumors in mice. We performed transcriptomic and flow cytometry analyses on murine populations for a series of 25 PDXs and the two most commonly used GEMs (MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-erBb2). We sorted macrophages from five models. We then profiled gene expression in these cells, which were also subjected to flow cytometry for phenotypic characterization. Hematopoietic cell composition, mostly macrophages and granulocytes, differed between tumors. Macrophages had a specific polarization phenotype related to their M1/M2 classification and associated with the expression of genes involved in the recruitment, invasion and metastasis processes. The heterogeneity of the stroma component of the models studied suggests that tumor cells modify their microenvironment to satisfy their needs. Our observations suggest that such models are of relevance for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vallerand
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Gérald Massonnet
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Kébir
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - David Gentien
- Platform of Molecular Biology Facilities, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Zofia Maciorowski
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Brigitte Sigal-Zafrani
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Inserm, U830, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Humbert
- CNRS UMR3306, INSERM U1005, Institut Curie, PSL University, Orsay, France
| | - Aurélie Thuleau
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Franck Assayag
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla de Plater
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Suzy Scholl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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226
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Belgiovine C, D'Incalci M, Allavena P, Frapolli R. Tumor-associated macrophages and anti-tumor therapies: complex links. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2411-24. [PMID: 26956893 PMCID: PMC11108407 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are essential providers of cancer-related inflammation, a condition known to accelerate tumor progression and limit the response to anti-tumor therapies. As a matter of fact, TAMs may have a dual role while interfering with cancer treatments, as they can either promote or impair their functionality. Here we review the connection between macrophages and anticancer therapies; moreover, we provide an overview of the different strategies to target or re-program TAMs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Belgiovine
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
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227
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Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the ability to durably control cancer in some patients by manipulating T lymphocytes. These immunotherapies are revolutionizing cancer treatment but benefit only a minority of patients. It is thus a crucial time for clinicians, cancer scientists and immunologists to determine the next steps in shifting cancer treatment towards better cancer control. This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of tumour-associated myeloid cells. These cells remain less studied than T lymphocytes but have attracted particular attention because their presence in tumours is often linked to altered patient survival. Also, experimental studies indicate that myeloid cells modulate key cancer-associated activities, including immune evasion, and affect virtually all types of cancer therapy. Consequently, targeting myeloid cells could overcome limitations of current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Engblom
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christina Pfirschke
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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228
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Harney AS, Wang Y, Condeelis JS, Entenberg D. Extended Time-lapse Intravital Imaging of Real-time Multicellular Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27341448 DOI: 10.3791/54042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, host stromal cells interact with tumor cells to promote tumor progression, angiogenesis, tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. Multicellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment can lead to transient events including directional tumor cell motility and vascular permeability. Quantification of tumor vascular permeability has frequently used end-point experiments to measure extravasation of vascular dyes. However, due to the transient nature of multicellular interactions and vascular permeability, the kinetics of these dynamic events cannot be discerned. By labeling cells and vasculature with injectable dyes or fluorescent proteins, high-resolution time-lapse intravital microscopy has allowed the direct, real-time visualization of transient events in the tumor microenvironment. Here we describe a method for using multiphoton microscopy to perform extended intravital imaging in live mice to directly visualize multicellular dynamics in the tumor microenvironment. This method details cellular labeling strategies, the surgical preparation of a mammary skin flap, the administration of injectable dyes or proteins by tail vein catheter and the acquisition of time-lapse images. The time-lapse sequences obtained from this method facilitate the visualization and quantitation of the kinetics of cellular events of motility and vascular permeability in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Harney
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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229
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in various stages of cancer development. This environment, composed of the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and cells of the immune system regulates the behavior of and co-evolve with tumor cells. Many of the components, including the innate and adaptive immune cells, play multifaceted roles during cancer progression and can promote or inhibit tumor development, depending on local and systemic conditions. Interestingly, a strategy by which tumor cells gain drug resistance is by modifying the tumor microenvironment. Together, understanding the mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment functions should greatly facilitate the development of new therapeutic interventions by targeting the tumor niche.
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230
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Williams JK, Entenberg D, Wang Y, Avivar-Valderas A, Padgen M, Clark A, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Castracane J, Condeelis JS. Validation of a device for the active manipulation of the tumor microenvironment during intravital imaging. INTRAVITAL 2016; 5. [PMID: 27790386 DOI: 10.1080/21659087.2016.1182271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is recognized as playing a significant role in the behavior of tumor cells and their progression to metastasis. However, tools to manipulate the tumor microenvironment directly, and image the consequences of this manipulation with single cell resolution in real time in vivo, are lacking. We describe here a method for the direct, local manipulation of microenvironmental parameters through the use of an implantable Induction Nano Intravital Device (iNANIVID) and simultaneous in vivo visualization of the results at single-cell resolution. As a proof of concept, we deliver both a sustained dose of EGF to tumor cells while intravital imaging their chemotactic response as well as locally induce hypoxia in defined microenvironments in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Williams
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Avivar-Valderas
- Department of Medicine and Department Otolaryngology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Padgen
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Clark
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Department of Medicine and Department Otolaryngology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Castracane
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
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231
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Jonas O, Oudin MJ, Kosciuk T, Whitman M, Gertler FB, Cima MJ, Flaherty KT, Langer R. Parallel In Vivo Assessment of Drug Phenotypes at Various Time Points during Systemic BRAF Inhibition Reveals Tumor Adaptation and Altered Treatment Vulnerabilities. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6031-6038. [PMID: 27091406 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of BRAF-mutated melanoma tumors with BRAF inhibitor-based therapy produces high response rates, but of limited duration in the vast majority of patients. Published investigations of resistance mechanisms suggest numerous examples of tumor adaptation and signal transduction bypass mechanisms, but without insight into biomarkers that would predict which mechanism will predominate. Monitoring phenotypic response of multiple adaptive mechanisms simultaneously within the same tumor as it adapts during treatment has been elusive. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study reports on a method to provide a more complete understanding of adaptive tumor responses. We simultaneously measured in vivo antitumor activity of 12 classes of inhibitors, which are suspected of enabling adaptive escape mechanisms, at various time points during systemic BRAF inhibition. We used implantable microdevices to release multiple compounds into distinct regions of a tumor to measure the efficacy of each compound independently and repeated these measurements as tumors progressed on systemic BRAF treatment. RESULTS We observed varying phenotypic responses to specific inhibitors before, during, and after prolonged systemic treatment with BRAF inhibitors. Our results specifically identify PI3K, PDGFR, EGFR, and HDAC inhibitors as becoming significantly more efficacious during systemic BRAF inhibition. The sensitivity to other targeted inhibitors remained mostly unchanged, whereas local incremental sensitivity to PLX4720 declined sharply. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest redundancy of several resistance mechanisms and may help identify optimal constituents of more effective combination therapy in BRAF-mutant melanoma. They also represent a new paradigm for dynamic measurement of adaptive signaling mechanisms within the same tumor during therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6031-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Jonas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tatsiana Kosciuk
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Whitman
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B Gertler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Cima
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical Oncology and Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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232
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Nywening TM, Wang-Gillam A, Sanford DE, Belt BA, Panni RZ, Cusworth BM, Toriola AT, Nieman RK, Worley LA, Yano M, Fowler KJ, Lockhart AC, Suresh R, Tan BR, Lim KH, Fields RC, Strasberg SM, Hawkins WG, DeNardo DG, Goedegebuure SP, Linehan DC. Targeting tumour-associated macrophages with CCR2 inhibition in combination with FOLFIRINOX in patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a single-centre, open-label, dose-finding, non-randomised, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:651-62. [PMID: 27055731 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)00078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the CCL2-CCR2 chemokine axis is used to recruit tumour-associated macrophages for construction of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. This pathway has prognostic implications in pancreatic cancer, and blockade of CCR2 restores anti-tumour immunity in preclinical models. We aimed to establish the safety, tolerability, and recommended phase 2 oral dose of the CCR2 inhibitor PF-04136309 in combination with FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy (oxaliplatin and irinotecan plus leucovorin and fluorouracil). METHODS We did this open-label, dose-finding, non-randomised, phase 1b study at one centre in the USA. We enrolled treatment-naive patients aged 18 years or older with borderline resectable or locally advanced biopsy-proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1 or less, measurable disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1, and normal end-organ function. Patients were allocated to receive either FOLFIRINOX alone (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m(2), irinotecan 180 mg/m(2), leucovorin 400 mg/m(2), and bolus fluorouracil 400 mg/m(2), followed by 2400 mg/m(2) 46-h continuous infusion), administered every 2 weeks for a total of six treatment cycles, or in combination with oral PF-04136309, administered at a starting dose of 500 mg twice daily in a standard 3 + 3 dose de-escalation design. Both FOLFIRINOX and PF-04136309 were simultaneously initiated with a total treatment duration of 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were the safety, tolerability, and recommended phase 2 dose of PF-04136309 plus FOLFIRINOX, with an expansion phase planned at the recommended dose. We analysed the primary outcome by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01413022. RESULTS Between April 19, 2012, and Nov 12, 2014, we treated 47 patients with FOLFIRINOX alone (n=8) or with FOLFIRINOX plus PF-04136309 (n=39). One patient had a dose-limiting toxic effect in the dose de-escalation group receiving FOLFIRINOX plus PF-04136309 at 500 mg twice daily (n=6); this dose was established as the recommended phase 2 dose. We pooled patients in the expansion-phase group (n=33) with those in the dose de-escalation group that received PF-04136309 at the recommended phase 2 dose for assessment of treatment-related toxicity. Six (75%) of the eight patients receiving FOLFIRINOX alone were assessed for treatment toxicity, after exclusion of two (25%) patients due to insurance coverage issues. The median duration of follow-up for treatment toxicity was 72·0 days (IQR 49·5-89·0) in the FOLFIRINOX alone group and 77·0 days (70·0-90·5) in the FOLFIRINOX plus PF-04136309 group. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Two (5%) patients in the FOLFIRINOX plus PF-04136309 group stopped treatment earlier than planned due to treatment-related toxic effects. Grade 3 or higher adverse events reported in at least 10% of the patients receiving PF-04136309 included neutropenia (n=27), febrile neutropenia (n=7), lymphopenia (n=4), diarrhoea (n=6), and hypokalaemia (n=7). Grade 3 or higher adverse events reported in at least 10% of patients receiving FOLFIRINOX alone were neutropenia (n=6), febrile neutropenia (n=1), anaemia (n=2), lymphopenia (n=1), diarrhoea (n=2), hypoalbuminaemia (n=1), and hypokalaemia (n=3). Therapy was terminated because of treatment-related toxicity in one (17%) of the six patients receiving FOLFIRINOX alone. 16 (49%) of 33 patients receiving FOLFIRINOX plus PF-04136309 who had undergone repeat imaging achieved an objective tumour response, with local tumour control achieved in 32 (97%) patients. In the FOLFIRINOX alone group, none of the five patients with repeat imaging achieved an objective response, although four (80%) of those patients achieved stable disease. INTERPRETATION CCR2-targeted therapy with PF-04136309 in combination with FOLFIRINOX is safe and tolerable. FUNDING Washington University-Pfizer Biomedical Collaborative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Nywening
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dominic E Sanford
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Belt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Roheena Z Panni
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian M Cusworth
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca K Nieman
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lori A Worley
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Motoyo Yano
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn J Fowler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Craig Lockhart
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rama Suresh
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin R Tan
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M Strasberg
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David G DeNardo
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David C Linehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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233
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Scheele CLGJ, Maynard C, van Rheenen J. Intravital Insights into Heterogeneity, Metastasis, and Therapy Responses. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:205-216. [PMID: 28741572 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression is driven by a series of genetic and microenvironmental changes. These events lead to heterogeneous tumors which consist of a variety of cells from which some cells may possess properties which promote survival after therapy and metastasis. Recent advances in intravital microscopy (IVM) have enabled visualization of this tumor heterogeneity over time at a single-cell resolution. We highlight here the latest IVM studies that have revealed the dynamic interactions between the tumor cells and their local microenvironment. We review the most recent data that exposes how these dynamic interactions cause an additional increase in tumor heterogeneity, resulting in multiple metastatic strategies and facilitating therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colinda L G J Scheele
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carrie Maynard
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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234
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Yuan Y, Jiang YC, Sun CK, Chen QM. Role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and the clinical applications (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2499-515. [PMID: 26986034 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation are considered as the main causes driving the transformation of normal somatic cells into malignant tumor cells. Cancer cells are the driving force of tumor development and progression. Yet, cancer cells are unable to accomplish this alone. The tumor microenvironment is also considered to play an active role rather than simply acting as a by-stander in tumor progression. Through different pathways, tumor cells efficiently recruit stromal cells, which in turn, provide tumor cell growth signals, intermediate metabolites, and provide a suitable environment for tumor progression as well as metastasis. Through reciprocal communication, cancer cells and the microenvironment act in collusion leading to high proliferation and metastatic capability. Understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression provides us with novel approaches through which to target the tumor microenvironment for efficient anticancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the recruitment of stromal cells by tumor cells to the primary tumor site and highlight the role of the tumor microenvironment in the regulation of tumor progression. We further discuss the potential approaches for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Kui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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235
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Achyut BR, Arbab AS. Myeloid cell signatures in tumor microenvironment predicts therapeutic response in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1047-55. [PMID: 27042097 PMCID: PMC4780185 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of several immune and nonimmune cell populations including tumor cells. For many decades, experimental studies have depicted profound contribution of TME toward cancer progression and metastasis development. Several therapeutic strategies have been tested against TME through preclinical studies and clinical trials. Unfortunately, most of them have shown transient effect, and have largely failed due to aggressive tumor growth and without improving survival. Solid tumors are known to have a strong myeloid component (eg, tumor-associated macrophages) in tumor development. Recent data suggest that therapeutic responses in tumor are characterized by alterations in immune cell signatures, including tumor-associated myeloid cells. Polarized tumor-associated myeloid cells (M1–M2) are critical in impairing therapeutic effect and promoting tumor growth. The present review is intended to compile all the literatures related to the emerging contribution of different populations of myeloid cells in the development of tumor and therapeutic failures. Finally, we have discussed targeting of myeloid cell populations as a combination therapy with chemo-, targeted-, or radiation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagelu R Achyut
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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236
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Li L, Chen K, Xiang Y, Yoshimura T, Su S, Zhu J, Bian XW, Wang JM. New development in studies of formyl-peptide receptors: critical roles in host defense. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:425-35. [PMID: 26701131 PMCID: PMC4750370 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ri0815-354rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl-peptide receptors are a family of 7 transmembrane domain, Gi-protein-coupled receptors that possess multiple functions in many pathophysiologic processes because of their expression in a variety of cell types and their capacity to interact with a variety of structurally diverse, chemotactic ligands. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that formyl-peptide receptors are critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking in the sequential chemotaxis signal relays in microbial infection, inflammation, and immune responses. Formyl-peptide receptors are also involved in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, one of the formyl-peptide receptor family members, Fpr2, is expressed by normal mouse-colon epithelial cells, mediates cell responses to microbial chemotactic agonists, participates in mucosal development and repair, and protects against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. These novel discoveries greatly expanded the current understanding of the role of formyl-peptide receptors in host defense and as potential molecular targets for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhu Li
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaobo Su
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-wu Bian
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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237
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Chemotherapy induces the cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype, activating paracrine Hedgehog-GLI signalling in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10728-45. [PMID: 25915429 PMCID: PMC4484415 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells recruit normal cells such as fibroblasts to establish reactive microenvironments. Via metabolic stress, catabolism and inflammation, these cancer-associated fibroblasts set up a synergistic relationship with tumour cells, that contributes to their malignancy and resistance to therapy. Given that chemotherapy is a systemic treatment, the possibility that healthy cell damage affects the metastatic risk or the prospect of developing a second malignancy becomes relevant. Here, we demonstrate that standard chemotherapies phenotypically and metabolically transform stromal fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts, leading to the emergence of a highly glycolytic, autophagic and pro-inflammatory microenvironment. This catabolic microenvironment, in turn, activates stemness (Sonic hedgehog/GLI signalling), antioxidant response and interferon-mediated signalling, in adjacent breast cancer cells. Thus, we propose a model by which chemotherapy-induced catabolism in healthy fibroblasts constitutes a source of energy-rich nutrients and inflammatory cytokines that would activate stemness in adjacent epithelial cells, possibly triggering new tumorigenic processes. In this context, immune cell recruitment would be also stimulated to further support malignancy.
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238
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, heterogeneous, and dominant component of solid tumors. Cancer imaging strategies of a subset of characteristics of the TME are under active development, and currently used modalities and novel approaches are summarized in this article. Understanding the dynamic and evolving functions of the TME is critical to accurately inform imaging and clinical care of cancer. Novel insights into distinct roles of the TME in cancer progression urge careful interpretation of imaging data and impel the development of novel modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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239
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Presence of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins correlates with tumor-promoting effects of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in breast cancer. Neoplasia 2016; 17:421-33. [PMID: 26025665 PMCID: PMC4468371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The stroma of breast cancer can promote the disease’s progression, but whether its composition and functions are shared among different subtypes is poorly explored. We compared stromal components of a luminal [mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)–Neu] and a triple-negative/basal-like [C3(1)–Simian virus 40 large T antigen (Tag)] genetically engineered breast cancer mouse model. The types of cytokines and their expression levels were very different in the two models, as was the extent of innate immune cell infiltration; however, both models showed infiltration of innate immune cells that expressed matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), an extracellular protease linked to the progression of many types of cancer. By intercrossing with Mmp9 null mice, we found that the absence of MMP9 delayed tumor onset in the C3(1)-Tag model but had no effect on tumor onset in the MMTV-Neu model. We discovered that protein levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), an MMP9 substrate, were increased in C3(1)-Tag;Mmp9−/− compared to C3(1)-Tag;Mmp9+/+ tumors. In contrast, IGFBP-1 protein expression was low in MMTV-Neu tumors regardless of Mmp9 status. IGFBP-1 binds and antagonizes IGFs, preventing them from activating their receptors to promote cell proliferation and survival. Tumors from C3(1)-Tag;Mmp9−/− mice had reduced IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation, consistent with slower tumor onset. Finally, gene expression analysis of human breast tumors showed that high expression of IGFBP mRNA was strongly correlated with good prognosis but not when MMP9 mRNA was also highly expressed. In conclusion, MMP9 has different effects on breast cancer progression depending on whether IGFBPs are expressed.
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240
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Sato Y, Motoyama S, Saito H, Minamiya Y. Novel Candidate Biomarkers of Chemoradiosensitivity in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Eur Surg Res 2016; 56:141-53. [DOI: 10.1159/000443607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is no doubt that, along with surgery, chemoradiotherapy is an important treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients who respond well to chemoradiotherapy obtain great benefits toward overcoming their cancer, and so a more favorable prognosis. On the other hand, patients who do not respond well have wasted valuable time and experienced severe toxicity and seriously diminished quality of life, only to have their cancer recur with an unfavorable prognosis. For this reason, a reliable biomarker of chemoradiosensitivity in ESCC has long been sought. In this review, we will enumerate recently reported candidate biomarkers of chemoradiosensitivity in ESCC that have the potential for future clinical application.
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241
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van den Bijgaart RJE, Kong N, Maynard C, Plaks V. Ex vivo Live Imaging of Lung Metastasis and Their Microenvironment. J Vis Exp 2016:e53741. [PMID: 26862704 PMCID: PMC4781718 DOI: 10.3791/53741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause for cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Metastasis is a multistep process and due to its complexity, the exact cellular and molecular processes that govern metastatic dissemination and growth are still elusive. Live imaging allows visualization of the dynamic and spatial interactions of cells and their microenvironment. Solid tumors commonly metastasize to the lungs. However, the anatomical location of the lungs poses a challenge to intravital imaging. This protocol provides a relatively simple and quick method for ex vivo live imaging of the dynamic interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding stroma within lung metastasis. Using this method, the motility of cancer cells as well as interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in their microenvironment can be visualized in real time for several hours. By using transgenic fluorescent reporter mice, a fluorescent cell line, injectable fluorescently labeled molecules and/or antibodies, multiple components of the lung microenvironment can be visualized, such as blood vessels and immune cells. To image the different cell types, a spinning disk confocal microscope that allows long-term continuous imaging with rapid, four-color image acquisition has been used. Time-lapse movies compiled from images collected over multiple positions and focal planes show interactions between live metastatic and immune cells for at least 4 hr. This technique can be further used to test chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Moreover, this method could be adapted for the study of other lung-related pathologies that may affect the lung microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niwen Kong
- Department of Anatomy, University of California
| | - Carrie Maynard
- Department of Anatomy, University of California; Hubrecht Institute-Royal Dutch Academy of Science and University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Vicki Plaks
- Department of Anatomy, University of California; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; ;
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242
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Aiello NM, Stanger BZ. Echoes of the embryo: using the developmental biology toolkit to study cancer. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:105-14. [PMID: 26839398 PMCID: PMC4770149 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of embryonic development is regulation - the tendency for cells to find their way into organized and 'well behaved' structures - whereas cancer is characterized by dysregulation and disorder. At face value, cancer biology and developmental biology would thus seem to have little to do with each other. But if one looks beneath the surface, embryos and cancers share a number of cellular and molecular features. Embryos arise from a single cell and undergo rapid growth involving cell migration and cell-cell interactions: features that are also seen in the context of cancer. Consequently, many of the experimental tools that have been used to study embryogenesis for over a century are well-suited to studying cancer. This article will review the similarities between embryogenesis and cancer progression and discuss how some of the concepts and techniques used to understand embryos are now being adapted to provide insight into tumorigenesis, from the origins of cancer cells to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Aiello
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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243
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Wu T, Dai Y. Tumor microenvironment and therapeutic response. Cancer Lett 2016; 387:61-68. [PMID: 26845449 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1078] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment significantly influences therapeutic response and clinical outcome. Microenvironment-mediated drug resistance can be induced by soluble factors secreted by tumor or stromal cells. The adhesion of tumor cells to stromal fibroblasts or to components of the extracellular matrix can also blunt therapeutic response. Microenvironment-targeted therapy strategies include inhibition of the extracellular ligand-receptor interactions and downstream pathways. Immune cells can both improve and obstruct therapeutic efficacy and may vary in their activation status within the tumor microenvironment; thus, re-programme of the immune response would be substantially more beneficial. The development of rational drug combinations that can simultaneously target tumor cells and the microenvironment may represent a solution to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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244
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Louandre C, Donnadieu J, Lachaier E, Page C, Chauffert B, Galmiche A. Personalization of the medical treatment of solid tumours using patient-derived tumour explants (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 48:895-9. [PMID: 26783093 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the pre-clinical characterization of therapeutic approaches and developing new biological assays that will enable treatment personalization for individual patients are promising developments in oncology. Here we describe a new approach consisting of culturing human tumour explants. This approach involves the preparation of slices from freshly-obtained, surgically-resected material that can be maintained ex vivo for several days. Recent studies have provided proof of principle that this approach can be easily implemented in order to explore the mode of action of various anticancer drugs and the responses of 'real' tumours at the individual patient level. We present the practical aspects and highlight the versatility of this approach, which allows for the analysis of the susceptibility of any individual tumour to multiple anticancer drugs in parallel. We discuss its potential as a companion assay in the design of optimal clinical trials and as a guide for the prescription of medical treatment. We discuss which future clinical and biological studies are needed to validate the information gathered from cultured tumour explants, and to integrate this information with that gathered from other assays in order to optimize the medical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérome Donnadieu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Amiens Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Emma Lachaier
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Amiens Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Cyril Page
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Amiens Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Bruno Chauffert
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Amiens Sud, Amiens, France
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245
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Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal evolution of tumor ecosystems present a challenge in evaluating drug efficacy. In this Perspective, we address the use of three-dimensional in vitro culture models to delineate the dynamic interplay between the tumor and the host microenvironment in an effort to attain realistic platforms for assessing pharmaceutical efficacy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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246
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Vehlow A, Storch K, Matzke D, Cordes N. Molecular Targeting of Integrins and Integrin-Associated Signaling Networks in Radiation Oncology. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 198:89-106. [PMID: 27318682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy are the main pillars of the current multimodal treatment concept for cancer patients. However, tumor recurrences and resistances still hamper treatment success regardless of advances in radiation beam application, particle radiotherapy, and optimized chemotherapeutics. To specifically intervene at key recurrence- and resistance-promoting molecular processes, the development of potent and specific molecular-targeted agents is demanded for an efficient, safe, and simultaneous integration into current standard of care regimens. Potential targets for such an approach are integrins conferring structural and biochemical communication between cells and their microenvironment. Integrin binding to extracellular matrix activates intracellular signaling for regulating essential cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and cell motility. Tumor-associated characteristics such as invasion, metastasis, and radiochemoresistance also highly depend on integrin function. Owing to their dual functionality and their overexpression in the majority of human malignancies, integrins present ideal and accessible targets for cancer therapy. In the following chapter, the current knowledge on aspects of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular regulation of integrin-dependent radiochemoresistance and current approaches to integrin targeting are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Storch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Matzke
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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247
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Babes L, Kubes P. Visualizing the Tumor Microenvironment of Liver Metastasis by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1458:203-15. [PMID: 27581024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has evolved into an invaluable technique to study the complexity of tumors by visualizing individual cells in live organisms. Here, we describe a method for employing intravital spinning disk confocal microscopy to picture high-resolution tumor-stroma interactions in real time. We depict in detail the surgical procedures to image various tumor microenvironments and different cellular components in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Babes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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248
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Zong Y, Goldstein AS, Witte ON. Tissue Recombination Models for the Study of Epithelial Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:pdb.top069880. [PMID: 26631129 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of cancer provide fundamental insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human cancer development. As an alternative to genetically engineered mouse models, increasing evidence shows that tissue recombination and transplantation models represent an efficient approach to faithfully recapitulate solid epithelial cancer in mice. Cancer can be rapidly initiated through lentiviral delivery of defined genetic alterations into target cells that are grown in a physiological milieu with an appropriate epithelial-stromal interaction. Through genetic manipulation of distinct subpopulations of epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells, this powerful system can readily test both cell-autonomous roles of genetic events in the epithelial compartment and the paracrine effects of the microenvironment. Here we review the recent advances in mouse models of several epithelial cancers achieved using orthotopic transplantation and tissue recombination strategies, with an emphasis on the dissociated cell in vivo prostate regeneration model to investigate prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Owen N Witte
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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249
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Olson OC, Joyce JA. Cysteine cathepsin proteases: regulators of cancer progression and therapeutic response. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:712-29. [PMID: 26597527 DOI: 10.1038/nrc4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsin protease activity is frequently dysregulated in the context of neoplastic transformation. Increased activity and aberrant localization of proteases within the tumour microenvironment have a potent role in driving cancer progression, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have also uncovered functions for cathepsins in the suppression of the response to therapeutic intervention in various malignancies. However, cathepsins can be either tumour promoting or tumour suppressive depending on the context, which emphasizes the importance of rigorous in vivo analyses to ascertain function. Here, we review the basic research and clinical findings that underlie the roles of cathepsins in cancer, and provide a roadmap for the rational integration of cathepsin-targeting agents into clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oakley C Olson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
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250
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Abstract
Lineage tracing is a widely used method for understanding cellular dynamics in multicellular organisms during processes such as development, adult tissue maintenance, injury repair and tumorigenesis. Advances in tracing or tracking methods, from light microscopy-based live cell tracking to fluorescent label-tracing with two-photon microscopy, together with emerging tissue clearing strategies and intravital imaging approaches have enabled scientists to decipher adult stem and progenitor cell properties in various tissues and in a wide variety of biological processes. Although technical advances have enabled time-controlled genetic labeling and simultaneous live imaging, a number of obstacles still need to be overcome. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth description of the traditional use of lineage tracing as well as current strategies and upcoming new methods of labeling and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Department of Genetics and Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
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