201
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Jang S, Javadov S. Elucidating the contribution of ETC complexes I and II to the respirasome formation in cardiac mitochondria. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17732. [PMID: 30531981 PMCID: PMC6286307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) plays a central role in ATP synthesis, and its dysfunction is associated with human diseases. Recent studies revealed that individual ETC complexes are assembled into supercomplexes. The main supercomplex, respirasome composed of complexes I, III, and IV has been suggested to improve electron channeling and control ROS production, maintain the structural integrity of ETC complexes and prevent protein aggregation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, many questions related to the structural organization of the respirasome, particularly, a possible role of complexes I and II in respirasome formation remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether genetic and pharmacological inhibition of complexes I and II affect respirasome assembly in cardioblast cells and isolated cardiac mitochondria. Pharmacological inhibition of the enzymatic activity of complexes I and II stimulated disruption of the respirasome. Likewise, knockdown of the complex I subunit NDUFA11 stimulated dissociation of respirasome and reduced the activity of complexes I, III, and IV. However, silencing of the membrane-anchored SDHC subunit of complex II had no effect on the respirasome assembly but reduced the activity of complexes II and IV. Downregulation of NDUFA11 or SDHC reduced ATP production and increased mitochondrial ROS production. Overall, these studies, for the first time, provide biochemical evidence that the complex I activity, and the NDUFA11 subunit are important for assembly and stability of the respirasome. The SDHC subunit of complex II is not involved in the respirasome however the complex may play a regulatory role in respirasome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA.
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202
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Long distance electron transfer through the aqueous solution between redox partner proteins. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5157. [PMID: 30514833 PMCID: PMC6279779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of electron transfer between redox proteins in photosynthesis and respiration, the inter-protein electron transfer rate between redox partner proteins has never been measured as a function of their separation in aqueous solution. Here, we use electrochemical tunneling spectroscopy to show that the current between two protein partners decays along more than 10 nm in the solution. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal a reduced ionic density and extended electric field in the volume confined between the proteins. The distance-decay factor and the calculated local barrier for electron transfer are regulated by the electrochemical potential applied to the proteins. Redox partners could use electrochemically gated, long distance electron transfer through the solution in order to conciliate high specificity with weak binding, thus keeping high turnover rates in the crowded environment of cells. Electron transport chains rely on interactions between redox proteins, but the distance-dependence of the electron transfer rate through the solution is unknown. Here, the authors show that the current between two redox protein partners occurs at long distances and is electrochemically gated.
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203
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Lobo-Jarne T, Nývltová E, Pérez-Pérez R, Timón-Gómez A, Molinié T, Choi A, Mourier A, Fontanesi F, Ugalde C, Barrientos A. Human COX7A2L Regulates Complex III Biogenesis and Promotes Supercomplex Organization Remodeling without Affecting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1786-1799.e4. [PMID: 30428348 PMCID: PMC6286155 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain is organized in a dynamic set of supercomplexes (SCs). The COX7A2L protein is essential for mammalian SC III2+IV assembly. However, its function in respirasome (SCs I+III2+IVn) biogenesis remains controversial. To unambiguously determine the COX7A2L role, we generated COX7A2L-knockout (COX7A2L-KO) HEK293T and U87 cells. COX7A2L-KO cells lack SC III2+IV but have enhanced complex III steady-state levels, activity, and assembly rate, normal de novo complex IV biogenesis, and delayed respirasome formation. Nonetheless, the KOs have normal respirasome steady-state levels, and only larger structures (SCs I1-2+III2+IV2-n or megacomplexes) were undetected. Functional substrate-driven competition assays showed normal mitochondrial respiration in COX7A2L-KO cells in standard and nutritional-, environmental-, and oxidative-stress-challenging conditions. We conclude that COX7A2L establishes a regulatory checkpoint for the biogenesis of CIII2 and specific SCs, but the COX7A2L-dependent MRC remodeling is essential neither to maintain mitochondrial bioenergetics nor to cope with acute cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lobo-Jarne
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Nývltová
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Timón-Gómez
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thibaut Molinié
- Université de Bordeaux and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Austin Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Université de Bordeaux and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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204
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Uno S, Kimura H, Murai M, Miyoshi H. Exploring the quinone/inhibitor-binding pocket in mitochondrial respiratory complex I by chemical biology approaches. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:679-696. [PMID: 30425100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (respiratory complex I) couples NADH-to-quinone electron transfer to the translocation of protons across the membrane. Even though the architecture of the quinone-access channel in the enzyme has been modeled by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM, conflicting findings raise the question whether the models fully reflect physiologically relevant states present throughout the catalytic cycle. To gain further insights into the structural features of the binding pocket for quinone/inhibitor, we performed chemical biology experiments using bovine heart sub-mitochondrial particles. We synthesized ubiquinones that are oversized (SF-UQs) or lipid-like (PC-UQs) and are highly unlikely to enter and transit the predicted narrow channel. We found that SF-UQs and PC-UQs can be catalytically reduced by complex I, albeit only at moderate or low rates. Moreover, quinone-site inhibitors completely blocked the catalytic reduction and the membrane potential formation coupled to this reduction. Photoaffinity-labeling experiments revealed that amiloride-type inhibitors bind to the interfacial domain of multiple core subunits (49 kDa, ND1, and PSST) and the 39-kDa supernumerary subunit, although the latter does not make up the channel cavity in the current models. The binding of amilorides to the multiple target subunits was remarkably suppressed by other quinone-site inhibitors and SF-UQs. Taken together, the present results are difficult to reconcile with the current channel models. On the basis of comprehensive interpretations of the present results and of previous findings, we discuss the physiological relevance of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Uno
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hironori Kimura
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murai
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- From the Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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205
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Rubio-Patiño C, Trotta AP, Chipuk JE. MDM2 and mitochondrial function: One complex intersection. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 162:14-20. [PMID: 30391206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research reveal that MDM2 participates in cellular processes ranging from macro-molecular metabolism to cancer signaling mechanisms. Two recent studies uncovered a new role for MDM2 in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Through the negative regulation of NDUFS1 (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa Fe-S protein 1) and MT-ND6 (NADH dehydrogenase 6), MDM2 decreases the function and efficiency of Complex I (CI). These observations propose several important questions: (1) Where does MDM2 affect CI activity? (2) What are the cellular consequences of MDM2-mediated regulation of CI? (3) What are the physiological implications of these interactions? Here, we will address these questions and position these observations within the MDM2 literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rubio-Patiño
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Paul Trotta
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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206
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Alston CL, Heidler J, Dibley MG, Kremer LS, Taylor LS, Fratter C, French CE, Glasgow RI, Feichtinger RG, Delon I, Pagnamenta AT, Dolling H, Lemonde H, Aiton N, Bjørnstad A, Henneke L, Gärtner J, Thiele H, Tauchmannova K, Quaghebeur G, Houstek J, Sperl W, Raymond FL, Prokisch H, Mayr JA, McFarland R, Poulton J, Ryan MT, Wittig I, Henneke M, Taylor RW. Bi-allelic Mutations in NDUFA6 Establish Its Role in Early-Onset Isolated Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:592-601. [PMID: 30245030 PMCID: PMC6174280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated complex I deficiency is a common biochemical phenotype observed in pediatric mitochondrial disease and often arises as a consequence of pathogenic variants affecting one of the ∼65 genes encoding the complex I structural subunits or assembly factors. Such genetic heterogeneity means that application of next-generation sequencing technologies to undiagnosed cohorts has been a catalyst for genetic diagnosis and gene-disease associations. We describe the clinical and molecular genetic investigations of four unrelated children who presented with neuroradiological findings and/or elevated lactate levels, highly suggestive of an underlying mitochondrial diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing identified bi-allelic variants in NDUFA6, encoding a 15 kDa LYR-motif-containing complex I subunit that forms part of the Q-module. Functional investigations using subjects’ fibroblast cell lines demonstrated complex I assembly defects, which were characterized in detail by mass-spectrometry-based complexome profiling. This confirmed a marked reduction in incorporated NDUFA6 and a concomitant reduction in other Q-module subunits, including NDUFAB1, NDUFA7, and NDUFA12. Lentiviral transduction of subjects’ fibroblasts showed normalization of complex I. These data also support supercomplex formation, whereby the ∼830 kDa complex I intermediate (consisting of the P- and Q-modules) is in complex with assembled complex III and IV holoenzymes despite lacking the N-module. Interestingly, RNA-sequencing data provided evidence that the consensus RefSeq accession number does not correspond to the predominant transcript in clinically relevant tissues, prompting revision of the NDUFA6 RefSeq transcript and highlighting not only the importance of thorough variant interpretation but also the assessment of appropriate transcripts for analysis.
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207
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Yamano K, Lazarou M. YoungMito 2018: Report on the 1st International Mitochondria Meeting for Young Scientists. Genes Cells 2018; 23:822-827. [PMID: 30273445 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 1st International Mitochondria Meeting for Young Scientists (International YoungMito 2018) was held at Hotel Co-op Inn Kyoto in Kyoto, Japan, from 20 to 22 April 2018. The meeting was attended by 130 mitochondrial researchers from 15 countries. International YoungMito 2018 was the first international mitochondria meeting held in Japan organized by and for young mitochondrial researchers. Over the 3-day period, there were 28 oral presentations including two keynote lectures, 20 presentations from invited speakers, and six short talks selected from abstract submissions. Many different topics were covered including quality control pathways acting against mitochondrial stresses, mitochondrial dynamics, protein/lipid transport, cristae organization, respiration/ATP synthesis, mtDNA maintenance, mitochondrial disease models, and pharmacological approaches. In addition, we had 64 posters, a number which represented almost half of all attendees. Thanks to the cutting-edge information and high-quality unpublished data that were presented, there were many lively discussions during oral and poster sessions that continued into the coffee breaks, lunchtime, and nighttime discussions. The 1st international YoungMito meeting was successful in promoting intellectual exchange among all participants, facilitating collaborations beyond national boundaries, and closed with great success. It was a great pleasure that many participants were looking forward to the next YoungMito meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamano
- Ubiquitin project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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208
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Parey K, Brandt U, Xie H, Mills DJ, Siegmund K, Vonck J, Kühlbrandt W, Zickermann V. Cryo-EM structure of respiratory complex I at work. eLife 2018; 7:39213. [PMID: 30277212 PMCID: PMC6168287 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I has a key role in cellular energy metabolism, generating a major portion of the proton motive force that drives aerobic ATP synthesis. The hydrophilic arm of the L-shaped ~1 MDa membrane protein complex transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, providing the energy to drive proton pumping at distant sites in the membrane arm. The critical steps of energy conversion are associated with the redox chemistry of ubiquinone. We report the cryo-EM structure of complete mitochondrial complex I from the aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica both in the deactive form and after capturing the enzyme during steady-state activity. The site of ubiquinone binding observed during turnover supports a two-state stabilization change mechanism for complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Parey
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deryck J Mills
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karin Siegmund
- Medical School, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Zickermann
- Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Medical School, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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209
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Garaude J. Reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism by innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 56:17-23. [PMID: 30286442 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of cellular metabolism has emerged as a major aspect of innate immune cell activation. Mitochondria, which are well known for their critical functions in cellular bioenergetics and metabolism, also serve innate immune purposes by providing specific signaling platforms. Latest advances in our understanding of innate immune receptor-mediated metabolic reprogramming have unraveled specific immune functions of mitochondrial metabolites that place mitochondrial metabolism and particularly the mitochondrial respiratory chain at the center of innate immunity. This review highlights some recent studies that support mitochondrial metabolism as major immune signaling rheostat upon microbe recognition by innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Garaude
- INSERM U1211, Rares Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, École de Sages-Femmes, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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210
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Sloan DB, Warren JM, Williams AM, Wu Z, Abdel-Ghany SE, Chicco AJ, Havird JC. Cytonuclear integration and co-evolution. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:635-648. [PMID: 30018367 PMCID: PMC6469396 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of genetic material between the nucleus and cytoplasmic (mitochondrial and plastid) genomes within eukaryotic cells necessitates coordinated integration between these genomic compartments, with important evolutionary and biomedical implications. Classic questions persist about the pervasive reduction of cytoplasmic genomes via a combination of gene loss, transfer and functional replacement - and yet why they are almost always retained in some minimal form. One striking consequence of cytonuclear integration is the existence of 'chimeric' enzyme complexes composed of subunits encoded in two different genomes. Advances in structural biology and comparative genomics are yielding important insights into the evolution of such complexes, including correlated sequence changes and recruitment of novel subunits. Thus, chimeric cytonuclear complexes provide a powerful window into the mechanisms of molecular co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Jessica M Warren
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alissa M Williams
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Justin C Havird
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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211
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Englmeier R, Förster F. Cryo-electron tomography for the structural study of mitochondrial translation. Tissue Cell 2018; 57:129-138. [PMID: 30197222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) enables the three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization of macromolecular complexes in their physiological environment. Thus, cryo-ET is uniquely suited to study the structural basis of biomolecular processes that are extremely difficult or even impossible to reconstitute using purified components. Translation of mitochondrial genes, which occurs in the secluded interior of mitochondria, falls into this category. Here, we describe the principles of cryo-ET in the context of mitochondrial translation and outline recent developments and challenges of the method. The 3D image of a frozen-hydrated biological sample is computed from its 2D projections, which are acquired using a transmission electron microscope. In conjunction with automated detection of different copies of the molecule of interest and averaging of the corresponding subtomograms, cryo-ET enables macromolecular structure determination in the native environment (i.e. in situ) at sub-nanometer resolution. The preservation of the native environment furthermore allows the extraction of contextual information about the molecules, including the location of specific molecules with respect to membranes, their relative positioning and the spatial organization with respect to other types of macromolecules. Recent preparative developments extend the field of application of cryo-ET from isolated organelles to cultured eukaryotic cells and even tissue, making the traditional borders between molecular and cellular structural biology disappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Englmeier
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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212
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Fedor JG, Hirst J. Mitochondrial Supercomplexes Do Not Enhance Catalysis by Quinone Channeling. Cell Metab 2018; 28:525-531.e4. [PMID: 29937372 PMCID: PMC6125145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes, comprising complexes I, III, and IV, are the minimal functional units of the electron transport chain. Assembling the individual complexes into supercomplexes may stabilize them, provide greater spatiotemporal control of respiration, or, controversially, confer kinetic advantages through the sequestration of local quinone and cytochrome c pools (substrate channeling). Here, we have incorporated an alternative quinol oxidase (AOX) into mammalian heart mitochondrial membranes to introduce a competing pathway for quinol oxidation and test for channeling. AOX substantially increases the rate of NADH oxidation by O2 without affecting the membrane integrity, the supercomplexes, or NADH-linked oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the quinol generated in supercomplexes by complex I is reoxidized more rapidly outside the supercomplex by AOX than inside the supercomplex by complex III. Our results demonstrate that quinone and quinol diffuse freely in and out of supercomplexes: substrate channeling does not occur and is not required to support respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Fedor
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Judy Hirst
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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213
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Barth syndrome cells display widespread remodeling of mitochondrial complexes without affecting metabolic flux distribution. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3650-3658. [PMID: 30251684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked disorder that is characterized by cardiac and skeletal myopathy, neutropenia and growth abnormalities. The disease is caused by mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene encoding an enzyme involved in the acyl chain remodeling of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). Biochemically, this leads to decreased levels of mature CL and accumulation of the intermediate monolysocardiolipin (MLCL). At a cellular level, this causes mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced stability of the respiratory chain supercomplexes. However, the exact mechanism through which tafazzin deficiency leads to disease development remains unclear. We therefore aimed to elucidate the pathways affected in BTHS cells by employing proteomic and metabolic profiling assays. Complexome profiling of patient skin fibroblasts revealed significant effects for about 200 different mitochondrial proteins. Prominently, we found a specific destabilization of higher order oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) supercomplexes, as well as changes in complexes involved in cristae organization and CL trafficking. Moreover, the key metabolic complexes 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) were profoundly destabilized in BTHS patient samples. Surprisingly, metabolic flux distribution assays using stable isotope tracer-based metabolomics did not show reduced flux through the TCA cycle. Overall, insights from analyzing the impact of TAZ mutations on the mitochondrial complexome provided a better understanding of the resulting functional and structural consequences and thus the pathological mechanisms leading to Barth syndrome.
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214
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Valach M, Léveillé-Kunst A, Gray MW, Burger G. Respiratory chain Complex I of unparalleled divergence in diplonemids. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16043-16056. [PMID: 30166340 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genes of Euglenozoa (Kinetoplastida, Diplonemea, and Euglenida) are notorious for being barely recognizable, raising the question of whether such divergent genes actually code for functional proteins. Here we demonstrate the translation and identify the function of five previously unassigned y genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of diplonemids. As is the rule in diplonemid mitochondria, y genes are fragmented, with gene pieces transcribed separately and then trans-spliced to form contiguous mRNAs. Further, y transcripts undergo massive RNA editing, including uridine insertions that generate up to 16-residue-long phenylalanine tracts, a feature otherwise absent from conserved mitochondrial proteins. By protein sequence analyses, MS, and enzymatic assays in Diplonema papillatum, we show that these y genes encode the subunits Nad2, -3, -4L, -6, and -9 of the respiratory chain Complex I (CI; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase). The few conserved residues of these proteins are essentially those involved in proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane and in coupling ubiquinone reduction to proton pumping (Nad2, -3, -4L, and -6) and in interactions with subunits containing electron-transporting Fe-S clusters (Nad9). Thus, in diplonemids, 10 CI subunits are mtDNA-encoded. Further, MS of D. papillatum CI allowed identification of 26 conventional and 15 putative diplonemid-specific nucleus-encoded components. Most conventional accessory subunits are well-conserved but unusually long, possibly compensating for the streamlined mtDNA-encoded components and for missing, otherwise widely distributed, conventional subunits. Finally, D. papillatum CI predominantly exists as a supercomplex I:III:IV that is exceptionally stable, making this protist an organism of choice for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Valach
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Robert-Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada and
| | - Alexandra Léveillé-Kunst
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Robert-Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada and
| | - Michael W Gray
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gertraud Burger
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Robert-Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada and
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215
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Dudek J, Hartmann M, Rehling P. The role of mitochondrial cardiolipin in heart function and its implication in cardiac disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:810-821. [PMID: 30837070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the energy metabolism of the heart. Many of the essential functions are associated with mitochondrial membranes and oxidative phosphorylation driven by the respiratory chain. Mitochondrial membranes are unique in the cell as they contain the phospholipid cardiolipin. The important role of cardiolipin in cardiovascular health is highlighted by several cardiac diseases, in which cardiolipin plays a fundamental role. Barth syndrome, Sengers syndrome, and Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA) are genetic disorders, which affect cardiolipin biosynthesis. Other cardiovascular diseases including ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are also associated with changes in the cardiolipin pool. Here, we summarize molecular functions of cardiolipin in mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology. We highlight the role of cardiolipin for the respiratory chain, metabolite carriers, and mitochondrial metabolism and describe links to apoptosis and mitochondria specific autophagy (mitophagy) with possible implications in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magnus Hartmann
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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216
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Zhang L, Hao J, Zheng Y, Su R, Liao Y, Gong X, Liu L, Wang X. Fucoidan Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Enhancing the Mitochondrial Function in a Rotenone-induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:590-604. [PMID: 30090649 PMCID: PMC6065300 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is susceptible to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered to play an important role in the dopaminergic degeneration in PD. However, there are no effective drugs to protect mitochondria from dysfunction during the disease development. In the present study, fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from Laminaria japonica, was investigated and characterized for its protective effect on the dopamine system and mitochondrial function of dopaminergic neurons in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD. We found that chronic treatment with fucoidan significantly reversed the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and striatal dopaminergic fibers and the reduction of striatal dopamine levels in PD rats. Fucoidan also alleviated rotenone-induced behavioral deficits. Moreover, the mitochondrial respiratory function as detected by the mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and nuclear transcription factor 2 (NRF2) were reduced in the substantia nigra of PD rats, which were markedly reversed by fucoidan. Oxidative products induced by rotenone were significantly reduced by fucoidan. Taken together, these results demonstrate that fucoidan possesses the ability to protect the dopamine system in PD rats. The neuroprotective effect of fucoidan may be mediated via reserving mitochondrial function involving the PGC-1α/NRF2 pathway. This study provides new evidence that fucoidan can be explored in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- 1Department of Neurobiology.,3Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- 1Department of Neurobiology.,3Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- 2Department of Physiology.,3Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruijun Su
- 1Department of Neurobiology.,3Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajin Liao
- 4The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaoli Gong
- 2Department of Physiology.,3Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Limin Liu
- 2Department of Physiology.,3Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- 1Department of Neurobiology.,3Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,5 Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
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217
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Fiedorczuk K, Sazanov LA. Mammalian Mitochondrial Complex I Structure and Disease-Causing Mutations. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:835-867. [PMID: 30055843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complex I has an essential role in ATP production by coupling electron transfer from NADH to quinone with translocation of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Isolated complex I deficiency is a frequent cause of mitochondrial inherited diseases. Complex I has also been implicated in cancer, ageing, and neurodegenerative conditions. Until recently, the understanding of complex I deficiency on the molecular level was limited due to the lack of high-resolution structures of the enzyme. However, due to developments in single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), recent studies have reported nearly atomic resolution maps and models of mitochondrial complex I. These structures significantly add to our understanding of complex I mechanism and assembly. The disease-causing mutations are discussed here in their structural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Fiedorczuk
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria; Present address: The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria.
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218
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Zong S, Wu M, Gu J, Liu T, Guo R, Yang M. Structure of the intact 14-subunit human cytochrome c oxidase. Cell Res 2018; 28:1026-1034. [PMID: 30030519 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiration is one of the most basic features of living organisms, and the electron transport chain complexes are probably the most complicated protein system in mitochondria. Complex-IV is the terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain, existing either as randomly scattered complexes or as a component of supercomplexes. NDUFA4 was previously assumed as a subunit of complex-I, but recent biochemical data suggested it may be a subunit of complex-IV. However, no structural evidence supporting this notion was available till now. Here we obtained the 3.3 Å resolution structure of complex-IV derived from the human supercomplex I1III2IV1 and assigned the NDUFA4 subunit into complex-IV. Intriguingly, NDUFA4 lies exactly at the dimeric interface observed in previously reported crystal structures of complex-IV homodimer which would preclude complex-IV dimerization. Combining previous structural and biochemical data shown by us and other groups, we propose that the intact complex-IV is a monomer containing 14 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinke Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Runyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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219
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Signes A, Fernandez-Vizarra E. Assembly of mammalian oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V and supercomplexes. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:255-270. [PMID: 30030361 PMCID: PMC6056720 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of the five oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane is an intricate process. The human enzymes comprise core proteins, performing the catalytic activities, and a large number of 'supernumerary' subunits that play essential roles in assembly, regulation and stability. The correct addition of prosthetic groups as well as chaperoning and incorporation of the structural components require a large number of factors, many of which have been found mutated in cases of mitochondrial disease. Nowadays, the mechanisms of assembly for each of the individual complexes are almost completely understood and the knowledge about the assembly factors involved is constantly increasing. On the other hand, it is now well established that complexes I, III and IV interact with each other, forming the so-called respiratory supercomplexes or 'respirasomes', although the pathways that lead to their formation are still not completely clear. This review is a summary of our current knowledge concerning the assembly of complexes I-V and of the supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Signes
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K.
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220
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Chiang S, Kalinowski DS, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR, Huang MLH. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the neuro-degenerative and cardio-degenerative disease, Friedreich's ataxia. Neurochem Int 2018; 117:35-48. [PMID: 28782591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for maintaining healthy cellular function and survival. The detrimental involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuro-degenerative diseases has recently been highlighted in human conditions, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is another neuro-degenerative, but also cardio-degenerative condition, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in disease progression. Deficient expression of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin, is the primary cause of FA, which leads to adverse alterations in whole cell and mitochondrial iron metabolism. Dys-regulation of iron metabolism in these compartments, results in the accumulation of inorganic iron deposits in the mitochondrial matrix that is thought to potentiate oxidative damage observed in FA. Therefore, the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial in the progression of neuro-degenerative conditions, particularly in FA. In this review, vital mitochondrial homeostatic processes and their roles in FA pathogenesis will be discussed. These include mitochondrial iron processing, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission processes), mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial energy production and calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Chiang
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael L-H Huang
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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221
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Agip ANA, Blaza JN, Bridges HR, Viscomi C, Rawson S, Muench SP, Hirst J. Cryo-EM structures of complex I from mouse heart mitochondria in two biochemically defined states. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:548-556. [PMID: 29915388 PMCID: PMC6054875 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) uses the reducing potential of NADH to drive protons across the energy-transducing inner membrane and power oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian mitochondria. Recent cryo-EM analyses have produced near-complete models of all 45 subunits in the bovine, ovine and porcine complexes and have identified two states relevant to complex I in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we describe the 3.3-Å structure of complex I from mouse heart mitochondria, a biomedically relevant model system, in the 'active' state. We reveal a nucleotide bound in subunit NDUFA10, a nucleoside kinase homolog, and define mechanistically critical elements in the mammalian enzyme. By comparisons with a 3.9-Å structure of the 'deactive' state and with known bacterial structures, we identify differences in helical geometry in the membrane domain that occur upon activation or that alter the positions of catalytically important charged residues. Our results demonstrate the capability of cryo-EM analyses to challenge and develop mechanistic models for mammalian complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed-Noor A Agip
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James N Blaza
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah R Bridges
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shaun Rawson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Judy Hirst
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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222
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The mitochondrial respiratory chain: A metabolic rheostat of innate immune cell-mediated antibacterial responses. Mitochondrion 2018; 41:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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223
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Metabolism-Associated Markers and Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS) as a Measure of Autism Severity. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:265-276. [PMID: 29931502 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-behavioral syndrome with a broad spectrum of different mechanisms and etiologies that are caused by abnormal brain development. To date, no highly reliable and effective diagnostic biomarker to assess ASD is available so far. The present study investigated the predictivity potential of some suggested markers in ASD diagnosis focusing onto the relative ratios of several plasma biomarkers of electron transport chain function, and mitochondrial metabolism in 41 patients with ASD evaluated for behavior deficits measured using Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS). The control matched for further 41 healthy subjects. The relation of these relative ratios to ASD severity was also examined, as well as their ability to distinguish ASD children from neurotypical children. All predictive ratios were found to be markedly altered and correlated in ASD patients. However, no ratio was connected with autism severity. Interestingly, MRCC-I/caspase-7, GSH/GST, and MRCC-I/COQ10 were the most distinctive relative ratios between neurotypical controls and ASD patients and may thereby be useful biomarkers for early diagnosis of ASD. Overall, this investigation proves that relative ratios of numerous mitochondrial biomarkers might be predictive and efficient to differentiate between neurotypical children and ASD.
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224
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Ogunbona OB, Baile MG, Claypool SM. Cardiomyopathy-associated mutation in the ADP/ATP carrier reveals translation-dependent regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1449-1464. [PMID: 29688796 PMCID: PMC6014099 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
How the absence of the major mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in yeast, Aac2p, results in a specific defect in cytochrome c oxidase (COX; complex IV) activity is a long-standing mystery. Aac2p physically associates with respiratory supercomplexes, which include complex IV, raising the possibility that its activity is dependent on its association with Aac2p. Here, we have leveraged a transport-dead pathogenic AAC2 point mutant to determine the basis for the reduced COX activity in the absence of Aac2p. The steady-state levels of complex IV subunits encoded by the mitochondrial genome are significantly reduced in the absence of Aac2p function, whether its association with respiratory supercomplexes is preserved or not. This diminution in COX amounts is not caused by a reduction in the mitochondrial genome copy number or the steady-state level of its transcripts, and does not reflect a defect in complex IV assembly. Instead, the absence of Aac2p activity, genetically or pharmacologically, results in an aberrant pattern of mitochondrial translation. Interestingly, compared with the complete absence of Aac2p, the complex IV-related defects are greater in mitochondria expressing the transport-inactive Aac2p mutant. Our results highlight a critical role for Aac2p transport in mitochondrial translation whose disturbance uniquely impacts cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun B. Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | | | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
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225
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Wu W, Yan L, Chen S, Li Q, Gu Z, Xu H, Yin ZQ. Investigating oxidation state-induced toxicity of PEGylated graphene oxide in ocular tissue using gene expression profiles. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:819-835. [PMID: 29888639 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1480813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiyou Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
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226
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227
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Basu Ball W, Baker CD, Neff JK, Apfel GL, Lagerborg KA, Žun G, Petrovič U, Jain M, Gohil VM. Ethanolamine ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiolipin-deficient yeast cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10870-10883. [PMID: 29866881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a signature phospholipid of the mitochondria required for the formation of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) supercomplexes. The destabilization of MRC supercomplexes is the proximal cause of the pathology associated with the depletion of CL in patients with Barth syndrome. Thus, promoting supercomplex formation could ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction associated with CL depletion. However, to date, physiologically relevant small-molecule regulators of supercomplex formation have not been identified. Here, we report that ethanolamine (Etn) supplementation rescues the MRC defects by promoting supercomplex assembly in a yeast model of Barth syndrome. We discovered this novel role of Etn while testing the hypothesis that elevating mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a phospholipid suggested to overlap in function with CL, could compensate for CL deficiency. We found that the Etn supplementation rescues the respiratory growth of CL-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in a dose-dependent manner but independently of its incorporation into PE. The rescue was specifically dependent on Etn but not choline or serine, the other phospholipid precursors. Etn improved mitochondrial function by restoring the expression of MRC proteins and promoting supercomplex assembly in CL-deficient cells. Consistent with this mechanism, overexpression of Cox4, the MRC complex IV subunit, was sufficient to promote supercomplex formation in CL-deficient cells. Taken together, our work identifies a novel role of a ubiquitous metabolite, Etn, in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction caused by CL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Writoban Basu Ball
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Charli D Baker
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - John K Neff
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Gabriel L Apfel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Kim A Lagerborg
- the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Gašper Žun
- the Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and
| | - Uroš Petrovič
- the Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,the Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mohit Jain
- the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843,
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228
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Rincon M, Pereira FV. A New Perspective: Mitochondrial Stat3 as a Regulator for Lymphocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061656. [PMID: 29866996 PMCID: PMC6032237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stat3 as a transcription factor regulating gene expression in lymphocytes during the immune response is well known. However, since the pioneering studies discovering the presence of Stat3 in mitochondria and its role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism, only a few studies have investigated this non-conventional function of Stat3 in lymphocytes. From this perspective, we review what is known about Stat3 as a transcription factor and what is known and unknown about mitochondrial Stat3 (mitoStat3) in lymphocytes. We also provide a framework to consider how some of the functions previously assigned to Stat3 as regulator of gene transcription could be mediated by mitoStat3 in lymphocytes. The goal of this review is to stimulate interest for future studies investigating mitoStat3 in the immune response that could lead to the generation of alternative pharmacological inhibitors of mitoStat3 for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rincon
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Division, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Felipe Valença Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Division, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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229
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The Organization of Mitochondrial Supercomplexes is Modulated by Oxidative Stress In Vivo in Mouse Models of Mitochondrial Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061582. [PMID: 29861458 PMCID: PMC6032222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the effect of oxidative stress on the stability of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and their association into supercomplexes (SCs) in the neuron-specific Rieske iron sulfur protein (RISP) and COX10 knockout (KO) mice. Previously we reported that these two models display different grades of oxidative stress in distinct brain regions. Using blue native gel electrophoresis, we observed a redistribution of the architecture of SCs in KO mice. Brain regions with moderate levels of oxidative stress (cingulate cortex of both COX10 and RISP KO and hippocampus of the RISP KO) showed a significant increase in the levels of high molecular weight (HMW) SCs. High levels of oxidative stress in the piriform cortex of the RISP KO negatively impacted the stability of CI, CIII and SCs. Treatment of the RISP KO with the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant mitoTEMPO preserved the stability of respiratory complexes and formation of SCs in the piriform cortex and increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that mild to moderate levels of oxidative stress can modulate SCs into a more favorable architecture of HMW SCs to cope with rising levels of free radicals and cover the energetic needs.
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230
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Regulation of mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis via cytochrome c oxidase. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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231
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Senkler J, Rugen N, Eubel H, Hegermann J, Braun HP. Absence of Complex I Implicates Rearrangement of the Respiratory Chain in European Mistletoe. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1606-1613.e4. [PMID: 29731306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which is based on the presence of five protein complexes, is in the very center of cellular ATP production. Complexes I to IV are components of the respiratory electron transport chain that drives proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting proton gradient is used by complex V (the ATP synthase complex) for the phosphorylation of ADP. Occurrence of complexes I to V is highly conserved in eukaryotes, with exceptions being restricted to unicellular parasites that take up energy-rich compounds from their hosts. Here we present biochemical evidence that the European mistletoe (Viscum album), an obligate semi-parasite living on branches of trees, has a highly unusual OXPHOS system. V. album mitochondria completely lack complex I and have greatly reduced amounts of complexes II and V. At the same time, the complexes III and IV form remarkably stable respiratory supercomplexes. Furthermore, complexome profiling revealed the presence of 150 kDa complexes that include type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and an alternative oxidase. Although the absence of complex I genes in mitochondrial genomes of mistletoe species has recently been reported, this is the first biochemical proof that these genes have not been transferred to the nuclear genome and that this respiratory complex indeed is not assembled. As a consequence, the whole respiratory chain is remodeled. Our results demonstrate that, in the context of parasitism, multicellular life can cope with lack of one of the OXPHOS complexes and give new insights into the life strategy of mistletoe species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Senkler
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Rugen
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institut für Funktionelle und Angewandte Anatomie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
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232
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Bundgaard A, James AM, Joyce W, Murphy MP, Fago A. Suppression of reactive oxygen species generation in heart mitochondria from anoxic turtles: the role of complex I S-nitrosation. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb174391. [PMID: 29496783 PMCID: PMC5963835 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater turtles (Trachemys scripta) are among the very few vertebrates capable of tolerating severe hypoxia and re-oxygenation without suffering from damage to the heart. As myocardial ischemia and reperfusion causes a burst of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammals, the question arises as to whether, and if so how, this ROS burst is prevented in the turtle heart. We find that heart mitochondria isolated from turtles acclimated to anoxia produce less ROS than mitochondria from normoxic turtles when consuming succinate. As succinate accumulates in the hypoxic heart and is oxidized when oxygen returns, this suggests an adaptation to lessen ROS production. Specific S-nitrosation of complex I can lower ROS in mammals and here we show that turtle complex I activity and ROS production can also be strongly depressed in vitro by S-nitrosation. We detect in vivo endogenous S-nitrosated complex I in turtle heart mitochondria, but these levels are unaffected upon anoxia acclimation. Thus, while heart mitochondria from anoxia-acclimated turtles generate less ROS and have a lower aerobic capacity than those from normoxic turtles, this is not due to decreases in complex I activity or expression levels. Interestingly, in-gel activity staining reveals that most complex I of heart mitochondria from normoxic and anoxic turtles forms stable super-complexes with other respiratory enzymes and, in contrast to mammals, these are not disrupted by dodecyl maltoside. Taken together, these results show that although S-nitrosation of complex I is a potent mechanism to prevent ROS formation upon re-oxygenation after anoxia in vitro, this is not a major cause of the suppression of ROS production by anoxic turtle heart mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - William Joyce
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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233
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Formosa LE, Dibley MG, Stroud DA, Ryan MT. Building a complex complex: Assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 76:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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234
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Lobo-Jarne T, Ugalde C. Respiratory chain supercomplexes: Structures, function and biogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 76:179-190. [PMID: 28743641 PMCID: PMC5780262 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past sixty years, researchers have made outmost efforts to clarify the structural organization and functional regulation of the complexes that configure the mitochondrial respiratory chain. As a result, the entire composition of each individual complex is practically known and, aided by notable structural advances in mammals, it is now widely accepted that these complexes stablish interactions to form higher-order supramolecular structures called supercomplexes and respirasomes. The mechanistic models and players that regulate the function and biogenesis of such superstructures are still under intense debate, and represent one of the hottest topics of the mitochondrial research field at present. Noteworthy, understanding the pathways involved in the assembly and organization of respiratory chain complexes and supercomplexes is of high biomedical relevance because molecular alterations in these pathways frequently result in severe mitochondrial disorders. The purpose of this review is to update the structural, biogenetic and functional knowledge about the respiratory chain supercomplexes and assembly factors involved in their formation, with special emphasis on their implications in mitochondrial disease. Thanks to the integrated data resulting from recent structural, biochemical and genetic approaches in diverse biological systems, the regulation of the respiratory chain function arises at multiple levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lobo-Jarne
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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235
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Guo R, Gu J, Zong S, Wu M, Yang M. Structure and mechanism of mitochondrial electron transport chain. Biomed J 2018; 41:9-20. [PMID: 29673555 PMCID: PMC6138618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration is one of the most vital and basic features of living organisms. In mammals, respiration is accomplished by respiratory chain complexes located on the mitochondrial inner membrane. In the past century, scientists put tremendous efforts in understanding these complexes, but failed to solve the high resolution structure until recently. In 2016, three research groups reported the structure of respiratory chain supercomplex from different species, and fortunately the structure solved by our group has the highest resolution. In this review, we will compare the recently solved structures of respirasome, probe into the relationship between cristae shape and respiratory chain organization, and discuss the highly disputed issues afterwards. Besides, our group reported the first high resolution structure of respirasome and medium resolution structure of megacomplex from cultured human cells this year. Definitely, these supercomplex structures will provide precious information for conquering the mitochondrial malfunction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinke Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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236
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Jang S, Javadov S. Current Challenges in Elucidating Respiratory Supercomplexes in Mitochondria: Methodological Obstacles. Front Physiol 2018; 9:238. [PMID: 29615931 PMCID: PMC5864997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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237
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Chicco AJ, Le CH, Gnaiger E, Dreyer HC, Muyskens JB, D'Alessandro A, Nemkov T, Hocker AD, Prenni JE, Wolfe LM, Sindt NM, Lovering AT, Subudhi AW, Roach RC. Adaptive remodeling of skeletal muscle energy metabolism in high-altitude hypoxia: Lessons from AltitudeOmics. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29540485 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic responses to hypoxia play important roles in cell survival strategies and disease pathogenesis in humans. However, the homeostatic adjustments that balance changes in energy supply and demand to maintain organismal function under chronic low oxygen conditions remain incompletely understood, making it difficult to distinguish adaptive from maladaptive responses in hypoxia-related pathologies. We integrated metabolomic and proteomic profiling with mitochondrial respirometry and blood gas analyses to comprehensively define the physiological responses of skeletal muscle energy metabolism to 16 days of high-altitude hypoxia (5260 m) in healthy volunteers from the AltitudeOmics project. In contrast to the view that hypoxia down-regulates aerobic metabolism, results show that mitochondria play a central role in muscle hypoxia adaptation by supporting higher resting phosphorylation potential and enhancing the efficiency of long-chain acylcarnitine oxidation. This directs increases in muscle glucose toward pentose phosphate and one-carbon metabolism pathways that support cytosolic redox balance and help mitigate the effects of increased protein and purine nucleotide catabolism in hypoxia. Muscle accumulation of free amino acids favor these adjustments by coordinating cytosolic and mitochondrial pathways to rid the cell of excess nitrogen, but might ultimately limit muscle oxidative capacity in vivo Collectively, these studies illustrate how an integration of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism is required for physiological hypoxia adaptation in skeletal muscle, and highlight protein catabolism and allosteric regulation as unexpected orchestrators of metabolic remodeling in this context. These findings have important implications for the management of hypoxia-related diseases and other conditions associated with chronic catabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Chicco
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences, .,Cell and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | - Erich Gnaiger
- the Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans C Dreyer
- the Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1240, and
| | - Jonathan B Muyskens
- the Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1240, and
| | | | - Travis Nemkov
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
| | - Austin D Hocker
- the Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1240, and
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Lisa M Wolfe
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Nathan M Sindt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Andrew T Lovering
- the Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1240, and
| | - Andrew W Subudhi
- the Department of Biology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918
| | - Robert C Roach
- Altitude Research Center, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, Colorado 80045
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238
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Miranda-Astudillo H, Colina-Tenorio L, Jiménez-Suárez A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Salin B, Giraud MF, Remacle C, Cardol P, González-Halphen D. Oxidative phosphorylation supercomplexes and respirasome reconstitution of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018. [PMID: 29540299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The proposal that the respiratory complexes can associate with each other in larger structures named supercomplexes (SC) is generally accepted. In the last decades most of the data about this association came from studies in yeasts, mammals and plants, and information is scarce in other lineages. Here we studied the supramolecular association of the F1FO-ATP synthase (complex V) and the respiratory complexes I, III and IV of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. with an approach that involves solubilization using mild detergents, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) or digitonin, followed by separation of native protein complexes by electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), after which we identified oligomeric forms of complex V (mainly V2 and V4) and different respiratory supercomplexes (I/IV6, I/III4, I/IV). In addition, purification/reconstitution of the supercomplexes by anion exchange chromatography was also performed. The data show that these complexes have the ability to strongly associate with each other and form DDM-stable macromolecular structures. The stable V4 ATPase oligomer was observed by electron-microscopy and the association of the respiratory complexes in the so-called "respirasome" was able to perform in-vitro oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jiménez-Suárez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Vázquez-Acevedo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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239
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Conserved in situ arrangement of complex I and III 2 in mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes of mammals, yeast, and plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29519876 PMCID: PMC5866595 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720702115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging to investigate the structure of complex I and its supramolecular assemblies in the inner mitochondrial membrane of mammals, fungi, and plants. Tomographic volumes containing complex I were averaged at ∼4 nm resolution. Principal component analysis indicated that ∼60% of complex I formed a supercomplex with dimeric complex III, while ∼40% were not associated with other respiratory chain complexes. The mutual arrangement of complex I and III2 was essentially conserved in all supercomplexes investigated. In addition, up to two copies of monomeric complex IV were associated with the complex I1III2 assembly in bovine heart and the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, but their positions varied. No complex IV was detected in the respiratory supercomplex of the plant Asparagus officinalis Instead, an ∼4.5-nm globular protein density was observed on the matrix side of the complex I membrane arm, which we assign to γ-carbonic anhydrase. Our results demonstrate that respiratory chain supercomplexes in situ have a conserved core of complex I and III2, but otherwise their stoichiometry and structure varies. The conserved features of supercomplex assemblies indicate an important role in respiratory electron transfer.
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240
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Iommarini L, Ghelli A, Tropeano CV, Kurelac I, Leone G, Vidoni S, Lombes A, Zeviani M, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Unravelling the Effects of the Mutation m.3571insC/MT-ND1 on Respiratory Complexes Structural Organization. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518970 PMCID: PMC5877625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian respiratory complex I (CI) biogenesis requires both nuclear and mitochondria-encoded proteins and is mostly organized in respiratory supercomplexes. Among the CI proteins encoded by the mitochondrial DNA, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) is a core subunit, evolutionary conserved from bacteria to mammals. Recently, ND1 has been recognized as a pivotal subunit in maintaining the structural and functional interaction among the hydrophilic and hydrophobic CI arms. A critical role of human ND1 both in CI biogenesis and in the dynamic organization of supercomplexes has been depicted, although the proof of concept is still missing and the critical amount of ND1 protein necessary for a proper assembly of both CI and supercomplexes is not defined. By exploiting a unique model in which human ND1 is allotopically re-expressed in cells lacking the endogenous protein, we demonstrated that the lack of this protein induces a stall in the multi-step process of CI biogenesis, as well as the alteration of supramolecular organization of respiratory complexes. We also defined a mutation threshold for the m.3571insC truncative mutation in mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 (MT-ND1), below which CI and its supramolecular organization is recovered, strengthening the notion that a certain amount of human ND1 is required for CI and supercomplexes biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Iommarini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Concetta Valentina Tropeano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Leone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Vidoni
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Anne Lombes
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute, Università di Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy.
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241
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Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, Assouline Z, Mataković L, Feichtinger RG, Koňařiková E, Jurkiewicz E, Stawiński P, Gusic M, Koller A, Pollak A, Gasperowicz P, Trubicka J, Ciara E, Iwanicka-Pronicka K, Rokicki D, Hanein S, Wortmann SB, Sperl W, Rötig A, Prokisch H, Pronicka E, Płoski R, Barcia G, Mayr JA. NDUFB8 Mutations Cause Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Individuals with Leigh-like Encephalomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:460-467. [PMID: 29429571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory chain complex I deficiency is the most frequently identified biochemical defect in childhood mitochondrial diseases. Clinical symptoms range from fatal infantile lactic acidosis to Leigh syndrome and other encephalomyopathies or cardiomyopathies. To date, disease-causing variants in genes coding for 27 complex I subunits, including 7 mitochondrial DNA genes, and in 11 genes encoding complex I assembly factors have been reported. Here, we describe rare biallelic variants in NDUFB8 encoding a complex I accessory subunit revealed by whole-exome sequencing in two individuals from two families. Both presented with a progressive course of disease with encephalo(cardio)myopathic features including muscular hypotonia, cardiac hypertrophy, respiratory failure, failure to thrive, and developmental delay. Blood lactate was elevated. Neuroimaging disclosed progressive changes in the basal ganglia and either brain stem or internal capsule. Biochemical analyses showed an isolated decrease in complex I enzymatic activity in muscle and fibroblasts. Complementation studies by expression of wild-type NDUFB8 in cells from affected individuals restored mitochondrial function, confirming NDUFB8 variants as the cause of complex I deficiency. Hereby we establish NDUFB8 as a relevant gene in childhood-onset mitochondrial disease.
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242
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Zhang W, Chen C, Wang J, Liu L, He Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy in Cardiomyocytes and in Platelets: A Major Mechanism of Cardioprotection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:86-98. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00030.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, a process that selectively removes damaged organelles by autolysosomal degradation, is an early cellular response to ischemia. Mitophagy is activated in both cardiomyocytes and platelets during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and heart disease conditions. We focus on the molecular regulation of mitophagy and highlight the role of mitophagy in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin He
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Chinese Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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243
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Amporndanai K, Johnson RM, O’Neill PM, Fishwick CWG, Jamson AH, Rawson S, Muench SP, Hasnain SS, Antonyuk SV. X-ray and cryo-EM structures of inhibitor-bound cytochrome bc1 complexes for structure-based drug discovery. IUCRJ 2018; 5:200-210. [PMID: 29765610 PMCID: PMC5947725 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518001616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome bc1, a dimeric multi-subunit electron-transport protein embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is a major drug target for the treatment and prevention of malaria and toxoplasmosis. Structural studies of cytochrome bc1 from mammalian homologues co-crystallized with lead compounds have underpinned structure-based drug design to develop compounds with higher potency and selectivity. However, owing to the limited amount of cytochrome bc1 that may be available from parasites, all efforts have been focused on homologous cytochrome bc1 complexes from mammalian species, which has resulted in the failure of some drug candidates owing to toxicity in the host. Crystallographic studies of the native parasite proteins are not feasible owing to limited availability of the proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that cytochrome bc1 is highly amenable to single-particle cryo-EM (which uses significantly less protein) by solving the apo and two inhibitor-bound structures to ∼4.1 Å resolution, revealing clear inhibitor density at the binding site. Therefore, cryo-EM is proposed as a viable alternative method for structure-based drug discovery using both host and parasite enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsa Amporndanai
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Rachel M. Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Paul M. O’Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, England
| | - Colin W. G. Fishwick
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Alexander H. Jamson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Shaun Rawson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Stephen P. Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - S. Samar Hasnain
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Svetlana V. Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
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244
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Mansilla N, Racca S, Gras DE, Gonzalez DH, Welchen E. The Complexity of Mitochondrial Complex IV: An Update of Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030662. [PMID: 29495437 PMCID: PMC5877523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration is an energy producing process that involves the coordinated action of several protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane to finally produce ATP. Complex IV or Cytochrome c Oxidase (COX) is the last electron acceptor of the respiratory chain, involved in the reduction of O2 to H2O. COX is a multimeric complex formed by multiple structural subunits encoded in two different genomes, prosthetic groups (heme a and heme a3), and metallic centers (CuA and CuB). Tens of accessory proteins are required for mitochondrial RNA processing, synthesis and delivery of prosthetic groups and metallic centers, and for the final assembly of subunits to build a functional complex. In this review, we perform a comparative analysis of COX composition and biogenesis factors in yeast, mammals and plants. We also describe possible external and internal factors controlling the expression of structural proteins and assembly factors at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, and the effect of deficiencies in different steps of COX biogenesis to infer the role of COX in different aspects of plant development. We conclude that COX assembly in plants has conserved and specific features, probably due to the incorporation of a different set of subunits during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Sofia Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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245
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Kim DI, Cutler JA, Na CH, Reckel S, Renuse S, Madugundu AK, Tahir R, Goldschmidt HL, Reddy KL, Huganir RL, Wu X, Zachara NE, Hantschel O, Pandey A. BioSITe: A Method for Direct Detection and Quantitation of Site-Specific Biotinylation. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:759-769. [PMID: 29249144 PMCID: PMC6092923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-based labeling strategies are widely employed to study protein-protein interactions, subcellular proteomes and post-translational modifications, as well as, used in drug discovery. While the high affinity of streptavidin for biotin greatly facilitates the capture of biotinylated proteins, it still presents a challenge, as currently employed, for the recovery of biotinylated peptides. Here we describe a strategy designated Biotinylation Site Identification Technology (BioSITe) for the capture of biotinylated peptides for LC-MS/MS analyses. We demonstrate the utility of BioSITe when applied to proximity-dependent labeling methods, APEX and BioID, as well as biotin-based click chemistry strategies for identifying O-GlcNAc-modified sites. We demonstrate the use of isotopically labeled biotin for quantitative BioSITe experiments that simplify differential interactome analysis and obviate the need for metabolic labeling strategies such as SILAC. Our data also highlight the potential value of site-specific biotinylation in providing spatial and topological information about proteins and protein complexes. Overall, we anticipate that BioSITe will replace the conventional methods in studies where detection of biotinylation sites is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae In Kim
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jevon A. Cutler
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Pre-Doctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for Proteomics Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Sina Reckel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santosh Renuse
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for Proteomics Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anil K. Madugundu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Raiha Tahir
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hana L. Goldschmidt
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Karen L. Reddy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Richard L. Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Xinyan Wu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for Proteomics Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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246
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Liu F, Lössl P, Rabbitts BM, Balaban RS, Heck AJR. The interactome of intact mitochondria by cross-linking mass spectrometry provides evidence for coexisting respiratory supercomplexes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:216-232. [PMID: 29222160 PMCID: PMC5795388 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria exert an immense amount of cytophysiological functions, but the structural basis of most of these processes is still poorly understood. Here we use cross-linking mass spectrometry to probe the organization of proteins in native mouse heart mitochondria. Our approach provides the largest survey of mitochondrial protein interactions reported so far. In total, we identify 3,322 unique residue-to-residue contacts involving half of the mitochondrial proteome detected by bottom-up proteomics. The obtained mitochondrial protein interactome gives insights in the architecture and submitochondrial localization of defined protein assemblies, and reveals the mitochondrial localization of four proteins not yet included in the MitoCarta database. As one of the highlights, we show that the oxidative phosphorylation complexes I-V exist in close spatial proximity, providing direct evidence for supercomplex assembly in intact mitochondria. The specificity of these contacts is demonstrated by comparative analysis of mitochondria after high salt treatment, which disrupts the native supercomplexes and substantially changes the mitochondrial interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- From the ‡Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics. Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- §Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- ¶Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle-Straβe 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lössl
- From the ‡Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics. Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- §Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Beverley M Rabbitts
- ‖Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert S Balaban
- ‖Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Albert J R Heck
- From the ‡Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics. Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- §Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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247
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Blaza JN, Vinothkumar KR, Hirst J. Structure of the Deactive State of Mammalian Respiratory Complex I. Structure 2018; 26:312-319.e3. [PMID: 29395787 PMCID: PMC5807054 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is central to energy metabolism in mammalian mitochondria. It couples NADH oxidation by ubiquinone to proton transport across the energy-conserving inner membrane, catalyzing respiration and driving ATP synthesis. In the absence of substrates, active complex I gradually enters a pronounced resting or deactive state. The active-deactive transition occurs during ischemia and is crucial for controlling how respiration recovers upon reperfusion. Here, we set a highly active preparation of Bos taurus complex I into the biochemically defined deactive state, and used single-particle electron cryomicroscopy to determine its structure to 4.1 Å resolution. We show that the deactive state arises when critical structural elements that form the ubiquinone-binding site become disordered, and we propose reactivation is induced when substrate binding to the NADH-reduced enzyme templates their reordering. Our structure both rationalizes biochemical data on the deactive state and offers new insights into its physiological and cellular roles. Preparation of mammalian complex I in the deactive state that forms during ischemia The structure of the deactive state determined using electron cryomicroscopy Improved particle densities and orientations obtained using PEGylated gold grids Localized unfolding around the quinone-binding site in the deactive state
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Blaza
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Kutti R Vinothkumar
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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248
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Chrétien D, Bénit P, Ha HH, Keipert S, El-Khoury R, Chang YT, Jastroch M, Jacobs HT, Rustin P, Rak M. Mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50 °C. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003992. [PMID: 29370167 PMCID: PMC5784887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In endothermic species, heat released as a product of metabolism ensures stable internal temperature throughout the organism, despite varying environmental conditions. Mitochondria are major actors in this thermogenic process. Part of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates drives ATP synthesis and metabolite transport, but a substantial proportion is released as heat. Using a temperature-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to mitochondria, we measured mitochondrial temperature in situ under different physiological conditions. At a constant external temperature of 38 °C, mitochondria were more than 10 °C warmer when the respiratory chain (RC) was fully functional, both in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and primary skin fibroblasts. This differential was abolished in cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA or treated with respiratory inhibitors but preserved or enhanced by expressing thermogenic enzymes, such as the alternative oxidase or the uncoupling protein 1. The activity of various RC enzymes was maximal at or slightly above 50 °C. In view of their potential consequences, these observations need to be further validated and explored by independent methods. Our study prompts a critical re-examination of the literature on mitochondria. To ensure a stable internal temperature, endothermic species make use of the heat released during the final steps of food burning by the mitochondria present in all cells of the organism. Indeed, only a fraction of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates is used to generate ATP, while a substantial proportion is released as heat. Using a temperature-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to mitochondria, we measured the temperature of active mitochondria in cultured intact human cells. Mitochondria were found to be more than 10 °C warmer when the respiratory chain was functional. This differential was abolished in cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA or by respiratory inhibitors but preserved or enhanced by the expression of thermogenic enzymes such as Ciona alternative oxidase or by uncoupling protein 1. The activity of various respiratory chain enzymes was found to be maximal near 50 °C. Note that in view of their potential consequences, the observations reported here need to be validated and explored further by independent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chrétien
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Paule Bénit
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riyad El-Khoury
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Howard T. Jacobs
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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249
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Chavez JD, Lee CF, Caudal A, Keller A, Tian R, Bruce JE. Chemical Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Protein Conformations and Supercomplexes in Heart Tissue. Cell Syst 2018; 6:136-141.e5. [PMID: 29199018 PMCID: PMC5799023 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While modern structural biology technologies have greatly expanded the size and type of protein complexes that can now be studied, the ability to derive large-scale structural information on proteins and complexes as they exist within tissues is practically nonexistent. Here, we demonstrate the application of crosslinking mass spectrometry to identify protein structural features and interactions in tissue samples, providing systems structural biology insight into protein complexes as they exist in the mouse heart. This includes insights into multiple conformational states of sarcomere proteins, as well as interactions among OXPHOS complexes indicative of supercomplex assembly. The extension of crosslinking mass spectrometry analysis into the realm of tissues opens the door to increasing our understanding of protein structures and interactions within the context of the greater biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Chi Fung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Arianne Caudal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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250
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Fernie AR, Zhang Y, Sweetlove LJ. Passing the Baton: Substrate Channelling in Respiratory Metabolism. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2018; 2018:1539325. [PMID: 31549022 PMCID: PMC6750097 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1539325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite species-specific differences in the pathways of respiratory metabolism are remarkably conserved across the kingdoms of life with glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mitochondrial electron transport chain representing the major components of the process in the vast majority of organisms. In addition to being of critical importance in fueling life itself these pathways serve as interesting case studies for substrate channelling with research on this theme having been carried out for over 40 years. Here we provide a cross-kingdom review of the ample evidence for protein-protein interaction and enzyme assemblies within the three component pathways as well as describing the scarcer available evidence for substrate channelling itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R. Fernie
- 1Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- 2Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Youjun Zhang
- 1Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- 2Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lee J. Sweetlove
- 3Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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