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Larsen PA, Lutz MW, Hunnicutt KE, Mihovilovic M, Saunders AM, Yoder AD, Roses AD. The Alu neurodegeneration hypothesis: A primate-specific mechanism for neuronal transcription noise, mitochondrial dysfunction, and manifestation of neurodegenerative disease. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:828-838. [PMID: 28242298 PMCID: PMC6647845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that retrotransposons have played a fundamental role in primate evolution and that enhanced neurologic retrotransposon activity in humans may underlie the origin of higher cognitive function. As a potential consequence of this enhanced activity, it is likely that neurons are susceptible to deleterious retrotransposon pathways that can disrupt mitochondrial function. An example is observed in the TOMM40 gene, encoding a β-barrel protein critical for mitochondrial preprotein transport. Primate-specific Alu retrotransposons have repeatedly inserted into TOMM40 introns, and at least one variant associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease originated from an Alu insertion event. We provide evidence of enriched Alu content in mitochondrial genes and postulate that Alus can disrupt mitochondrial populations in neurons, thereby setting the stage for progressive neurologic dysfunction. This Alu neurodegeneration hypothesis is compatible with decades of research and offers a plausible mechanism for the disruption of neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately cascading into neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mirta Mihovilovic
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allen D Roses
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Durham, NC, USA
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202
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Superresolution Imaging Identifies That Conventional Trafficking Pathways Are Not Essential for Endoplasmic Reticulum to Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16. [PMID: 28154412 PMCID: PMC5428351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins traffic from the cytosol to mitochondria. Some of these proteins localize at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), where mitochondria are closely apposed with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We have previously shown that the human cytomegalovirus signal-anchored protein known as viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA) traffics from the ER to mitochondria and clusters at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Here, we have examined the host pathways by which vMIA traffics from the ER to mitochondria and clusters at the OMM. By disruption of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2), mitofusins (Mfn1/2), and dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), we find these conventional pathways for ER to the mitochondria trafficking are dispensable for vMIA trafficking to OMM. Instead, mutations in vMIA that change its hydrophobicity alter its trafficking to mitochondria. Superresolution imaging showed that PACS-2- and Mfn-mediated membrane apposition or hydrophobic interactions alter vMIA’s ability to organize in nanoscale clusters at the OMM. This shows that signal-anchored MAM proteins can make use of hydrophobic interactions independently of conventional ER-mitochondria pathways to traffic from the ER to mitochondria. Further, vMIA hydrophobic interactions and ER-mitochondria contacts facilitate proper organization of vMIA on the OMM.
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203
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Opalińska M, Parys K, Murcha MW, Jańska H. Plant i - AAA protease controls the turnover of the essential mitochondrial protein import component. J Cell Sci 2017; 131:jcs.200733. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that play a central role in energy metabolism. Due to life-essential functions of these organelles, mitochondrial content, quality, and dynamics are tightly controlled. Across the species, highly conserved ATP - dependent proteases prevent malfunction of mitochondria through versatile activities. This study focuses on a molecular function of plant mitochondrial inner membrane-embedded i – AAA protease, FTSH4, providing its first bona fide substrate. Here, we report that the abundance of Tim17-2 protein, the essential component of the TIM17:23 translocase, is directly controlled by the proteolytic activity of FTSH4. Plants that are lacking functional FTSH4 protease are characterized by significantly enhanced capacity of preprotein import through the TIM17:23 - dependent pathway. Together with the observation that FTSH4 prevents accumulation of Tim17-2, our data points towards the role of this i - AAA protease in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Opalińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Parys
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Present address: Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika W. Murcha
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
| | - Hanna Jańska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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204
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Pendin D, Greotti E, Lefkimmiatis K, Pozzan T. Exploring cells with targeted biosensors. J Gen Physiol 2016; 149:1-36. [PMID: 28028123 PMCID: PMC5217087 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling networks are composed of multiple pathways, often interconnected, that form complex networks with great potential for cross-talk. Signal decoding depends on the nature of the message as well as its amplitude, temporal pattern, and spatial distribution. In addition, the existence of membrane-bound organelles, which are both targets and generators of messages, add further complexity to the system. The availability of sensors that can localize to specific compartments in live cells and monitor their targets with high spatial and temporal resolution is thus crucial for a better understanding of cell pathophysiology. For this reason, over the last four decades, a variety of strategies have been developed, not only to generate novel and more sensitive probes for ions, metabolites, and enzymatic activity, but also to selectively deliver these sensors to specific intracellular compartments. In this review, we summarize the principles that have been used to target organic or protein sensors to different cellular compartments and their application to cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pendin
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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205
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Visavadiya NP, Keasey MP, Razskazovskiy V, Banerjee K, Jia C, Lovins C, Wright GL, Hagg T. Integrin-FAK signaling rapidly and potently promotes mitochondrial function through STAT3. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:32. [PMID: 27978828 PMCID: PMC5159999 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background STAT3 is increasingly becoming known for its non-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic function upon activation of its S727 residue (S727-STAT3). Lengthy mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to cell death. We tested whether an integrin-FAK-STAT3 signaling pathway we recently discovered regulates mitochondrial function and cell survival, and treatments thereof. Methods Cultured mouse brain bEnd5 endothelial cells were treated with integrin, FAK or STAT3 inhibitors, FAK siRNA, as well as integrin and STAT3 activators. STAT3 null cells were transfected with mutant STAT3 plasmids. Outcome measures included oxygen consumption rate for mitochondrial bioenergetics, Western blotting for protein phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential for mitochondrial integrity, ROS production, and cell counts. Results Vitronectin-dependent mitochondrial basal respiration, ATP production, and maximum reserve and respiratory capacities were suppressed within 4 h by RGD and αvβ3 integrin antagonist peptides. Conversely, integrin ligands vitronectin, laminin and fibronectin stimulated mitochondrial function. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK completely abolished mitochondrial function within 4 h while FAK siRNA treatments confirmed the specificity of FAK signaling. WT, but not S727A functionally dead mutant STAT3, rescued bioenergetics in cells made null for STAT3 using CRISPR-Cas9. STAT3 inhibition with stattic in whole cells rapidly reduced mitochondrial function and mitochondrial pS727-STAT3. Stattic treatment of isolated mitochondria did not reduce pS727 whereas more was detected upon phosphatase inhibition. This suggests that S727-STAT3 is activated in the cytoplasm and is short-lived upon translocation to the mitochondria. FAK inhibition reduced pS727-STAT3 within mitochondria and reduced mitochondrial function in a non-transcriptional manner, as shown by co-treatment with actinomycin. Treatment with the small molecule bryostatin-1 or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which indirectly activate S727-STAT3, preserved mitochondrial function during FAK inhibition, but failed in the presence of the STAT3 inhibitor. FAK inhibition induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was counteracted by bryostatin, and increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Bryostatin and HGF reduced the substantial cell death caused by FAK inhibition over a 24 h period. Conclusion These data suggest that extracellular matrix molecules promote STAT3-dependent mitochondrial function and cell survival through integrin-FAK signaling. We furthermore show a new treatment strategy for cell survival using S727-STAT3 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant P Visavadiya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Matthew P Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Vladislav Razskazovskiy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Kalpita Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Gary L Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA
| | - Theo Hagg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Building 178, Maple Ave, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN37614, USA.
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206
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N-Myc overexpression increases cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma via deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16082. [PMID: 28028439 PMCID: PMC5149579 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Myc is a global transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in a number of essential cellular processes including: ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle and apoptosis. Upon deregulation, N-Myc can drive pathologic expression of many of these genes, which ultimately defines its oncogenic potential. Overexpression of N-Myc has been demonstrated to contribute to tumorigenesis, most notably for the pediatric tumor, neuroblastoma. Herein, we provide evidence that deregulated N-Myc alters the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. We found that N-Myc overexpression leads to increased fusion of the mitochondrial reticulum secondary to changes in protein expression due to aberrant transcriptional and post-translational regulation. We believe the structural changes in the mitochondrial network in response to N-Myc amplification in neuroblastoma contributes to two important aspects of tumor development and maintenance—bioenergetic alterations and apoptotic resistance. Specifically, we found that N-Myc overexpressing cells are resistant to programmed cell death in response to exposure to low doses of cisplatin, and demonstrated that this was dependent on increased mitochondrial fusion. We speculate that these changes in mitochondrial structure and function may contribute significantly to the aggressive clinical ph9enotype of N-Myc amplified neuroblastoma.
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207
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Abstract
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) produced by the anterior pituitary stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis by the adrenal cortex. The first step in glucocorticoid synthesis is the delivery of cholesterol to the mitochondrial matrix where the first enzymatic reaction in the steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway occurs. A key response of adrenal cells to ACTH is activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. PKA activation results in an acute increase in expression and function of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein (StAR). StAR plays an essential role in steroidogenesis- it controls the hormone-dependent movement of cholesterol across the mitochondrial membranes. Currently StAR's mechanism of action remains a major unanswered question in the field. However, some insight may be gained from understanding the mechanism(s) controlling the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of StAR at S194/195 (mouse/human StAR), a modification that is required for function. This mini-review provides a background on StAR's biology with a focus on StAR phosphorylation. The model for StAR translation and phosphorylation at the outer mitochondrial membrane, the location for StAR function, is presented to highlight a unifying theme emerging from diverse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
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208
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Li X, Fang P, Yang WY, Chan K, Lavallee M, Xu K, Gao T, Wang H, Yang X. Mitochondrial ROS, uncoupled from ATP synthesis, determine endothelial activation for both physiological recruitment of patrolling cells and pathological recruitment of inflammatory cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:247-252. [PMID: 27925481 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are signaling molecules, which drive inflammatory cytokine production and T cell activation. In addition, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and autoimmune diseases all share a common feature of increased mtROS level. Both mtROS and ATP are produced as a result of electron transport chain activity, but it remains enigmatic whether mtROS could be generated independently from ATP synthesis. A recent study shed light on this important question and found that, during endothelial cell (EC) activation, mtROS could be upregulated in a proton leak-coupled, but ATP synthesis-uncoupled manner. As a result, EC could upregulate mtROS production for physiological EC activation without compromising mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation, and consequently without causing mitochondrial damage and EC death. Thus, a novel pathophysiological role of proton leak in driving mtROS production was uncovered for low grade EC activation, patrolling immunosurveillance cell trans-endothelial migration and other signaling events without compromising cellular survival. This new working model explains how mtROS could be increasingly generated independently from ATP synthesis and endothelial damage or death. Mapping the connections among mitochondrial metabolism, physiological EC activation, patrolling cell migration, and pathological inflammation is significant towards the development of novel therapies for inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Pu Fang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kylie Chan
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Muriel Lavallee
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tracy Gao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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209
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Bingol B, Sheng M. Mechanisms of mitophagy: PINK1, Parkin, USP30 and beyond. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:210-222. [PMID: 27094585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is central for maintaining a healthy population of mitochondria. Two Parkinson's disease genes, mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and ubiquitin ligase Parkin, degrade damaged mitochondria though mitophagy. In this pathway, PINK1 senses mitochondrial damage and activates Parkin by phosphorylating Parkin and ubiquitin. Activated Parkin then builds ubiquitin chains on damaged mitochondria to tag them for degradation in lysosomes. USP30 deubiquitinase acts as a brake on mitophagy by opposing Parkin-mediated ubiquitination. Human genetic data point to a role for mitophagy defects in neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of the mitophagy pathway and the recent advances in the understanding of mitophagy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Bingol
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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210
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Wasilewski M, Chojnacka K, Chacinska A. Protein trafficking at the crossroads to mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:125-137. [PMID: 27810356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central power stations in the cell, which additionally serve as metabolic hubs for a plethora of anabolic and catabolic processes. The sustained function of mitochondria requires the precisely controlled biogenesis and expression coordination of proteins that originate from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Accuracy of targeting, transport and assembly of mitochondrial proteins is also needed to avoid deleterious effects on protein homeostasis in the cell. Checkpoints of mitochondrial protein transport can serve as signals that provide information about the functional status of the organelles. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial protein transport and discuss examples that involve communication with the nucleus and cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wasilewski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland.
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211
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Isakova EP, Deryabina YI, Belyakova AV, Biryukova JK, Teplova VV, Shevelev AB. Genetic system for maintaining the mitochondrial human genome in yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816060065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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212
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Wollman FA. An antimicrobial origin of transit peptides accounts for early endosymbiotic events. Traffic 2016; 17:1322-1328. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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213
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Richter-Dennerlein R, Oeljeklaus S, Lorenzi I, Ronsör C, Bareth B, Schendzielorz AB, Wang C, Warscheid B, Rehling P, Dennerlein S. Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Adapts to Influx of Nuclear-Encoded Protein. Cell 2016; 167:471-483.e10. [PMID: 27693358 PMCID: PMC5055049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribosomes translate membrane integral core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system encoded by mtDNA. These translation products associate with nuclear-encoded, imported proteins to form enzyme complexes that produce ATP. Here, we show that human mitochondrial ribosomes display translational plasticity to cope with the supply of imported nuclear-encoded subunits. Ribosomes expressing mitochondrial-encoded COX1 mRNA selectively engage with cytochrome c oxidase assembly factors in the inner membrane. Assembly defects of the cytochrome c oxidase arrest mitochondrial translation in a ribosome nascent chain complex with a partially membrane-inserted COX1 translation product. This complex represents a primed state of the translation product that can be retrieved for assembly. These findings establish a mammalian translational plasticity pathway in mitochondria that enables adaptation of mitochondrial protein synthesis to the influx of nuclear-encoded subunits. Mitochondrial ribosomes display translational plasticity COX1 translation in mitochondria is stalled in the absence of nuclear-encoded COX4 A ribosome nascent chain complex of COX1 is a primed state for complex IV assembly MITRAC regulates translation via COX1 ribosome nascent chain complexes interaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Richter-Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isotta Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christin Ronsör
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Bareth
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Cong Wang
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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214
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Microgravity induces proteomics changes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial protection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34091. [PMID: 27670941 PMCID: PMC5037457 DOI: 10.1038/srep34091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On Earth, biological systems have evolved in response to environmental stressors, interactions dictated by physical forces that include gravity. The absence of gravity is an extreme stressor and the impact of its absence on biological systems is ill-defined. Astronauts who have spent extended time under conditions of minimal gravity (microgravity) experience an array of biological alterations, including perturbations in cardiovascular function. We hypothesized that physiological perturbations in cardiac function in microgravity may be a consequence of alterations in molecular and organellar dynamics within the cellular milieu of cardiomyocytes. We used a combination of mass spectrometry-based approaches to compare the relative abundance and turnover rates of 848 and 196 proteins, respectively, in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated microgravity or normal gravity. Gene functional enrichment analysis of these data suggested that the protein content and function of the mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum were differentially modulated in microgravity. We confirmed experimentally that in microgravity protein synthesis was decreased while apoptosis, cell viability, and protein degradation were largely unaffected. These data support our conclusion that in microgravity cardiomyocytes attempt to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis at the expense of protein synthesis. The overall response to this stress may culminate in cardiac muscle atrophy.
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215
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The versatility of the mitochondrial presequence processing machinery: cleavage, quality control and turnover. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:73-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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216
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Kang Y, Baker MJ, Liem M, Louber J, McKenzie M, Atukorala I, Ang CS, Keerthikumar S, Mathivanan S, Stojanovski D. Tim29 is a novel subunit of the human TIM22 translocase and is involved in complex assembly and stability. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27554484 PMCID: PMC5016092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TIM22 complex mediates the import of hydrophobic carrier proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. While the TIM22 machinery has been well characterised in yeast, the human complex remains poorly characterised. Here, we identify Tim29 (C19orf52) as a novel, metazoan-specific subunit of the human TIM22 complex. The protein is integrated into the mitochondrial inner membrane with it's C-terminus exposed to the intermembrane space. Tim29 is required for the stability of the TIM22 complex and functions in the assembly of hTim22. Furthermore, Tim29 contacts the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane, TOM complex, enabling a mechanism for transport of hydrophobic carrier substrates across the aqueous intermembrane space. Identification of Tim29 highlights the significance of analysing mitochondrial import systems across phylogenetic boundaries, which can reveal novel components and mechanisms in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael James Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Liem
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jade Louber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ishara Atukorala
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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217
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Fielden LF, Kang Y, Newton HJ, Stojanovski D. Targeting mitochondria: how intravacuolar bacterial pathogens manipulate mitochondria. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:141-154. [PMID: 27515462 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of host cell function by bacterial pathogens is paramount for successful invasion and creation of a niche conducive to bacterial replication. Mitochondria play a role in many important cellular processes including energy production, cellular calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, haeme biosynthesis, immune signalling and apoptosis. The sophisticated integration of host cell processes by the mitochondrion have seen it emerge as a key target during bacterial infection of human host cells. This review highlights the targeting and interaction of this dynamic organelle by intravacuolar bacterial pathogens and the way that the modulation of mitochondrial function might contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Fielden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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218
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Ramesh A, Peleh V, Martinez-Caballero S, Wollweber F, Sommer F, van der Laan M, Schroda M, Alexander RT, Campo ML, Herrmann JM. A disulfide bond in the TIM23 complex is crucial for voltage gating and mitochondrial protein import. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:417-31. [PMID: 27502485 PMCID: PMC4987294 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, Ramesh et al. show that import and oxidation of Tim17, a membrane-embedded subunit of the mitochondrial protein import machinery, are mediated by the mitochondrial disulfide relay, although its disulfide bond is formed differently than soluble intermembrane space proteins. Tim17 is a central, membrane-embedded subunit of the mitochondrial protein import machinery. In this study, we show that Tim17 contains a pair of highly conserved cysteine residues that form a structural disulfide bond exposed to the intermembrane space (IMS). This disulfide bond is critical for efficient protein translocation through the TIM23 complex and for dynamic gating of its preprotein-conducting channel. The disulfide bond in Tim17 is formed during insertion of the protein into the inner membrane. Whereas the import of Tim17 depends on the binding to the IMS protein Mia40, the oxidoreductase activity of Mia40 is surprisingly dispensable for Tim17 oxidation. Our observations suggest that Tim17 can be directly oxidized by the sulfhydryl oxidase Erv1. Thus, import and oxidation of Tim17 are mediated by the mitochondrial disulfide relay, though the mechanism by which the disulfide bond in Tim17 is formed differs considerably from that of soluble IMS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ramesh
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Valentina Peleh
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sonia Martinez-Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Florian Wollweber
- Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - María Luisa Campo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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219
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Wisnovsky S, Lei E, Jean S, Kelley S. Mitochondrial Chemical Biology: New Probes Elucidate the Secrets of the Powerhouse of the Cell. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:917-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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220
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Abstract
During mitochondrial dysfunction or the accumulation of unfolded proteins within mitochondria, cells employ a transcriptional response known as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) to promote cell survival along with the repair and recovery of defective mitochondria. Considerable progress has been made in understanding how cells monitor mitochondrial function and activate the response, as well as in identifying scenarios where the UPR(mt) plays a protective role, such as during bacterial infection, hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, or general aging. To date, much of the focus has been on the role of the UPR(mt) in maintaining or re-establishing protein homeostasis within mitochondria by transcriptionally inducing mitochondrial molecular chaperone and protease genes. In this review, we focus on the metabolic adaptations or rewiring mediated by the UPR(mt) and how this may contribute to the resolution of mitochondrial unfolded protein stress and cell-type-specific physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Lin
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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221
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Nuebel E, Manganas P, Tokatlidis K. Orphan proteins of unknown function in the mitochondrial intermembrane space proteome: New pathways and metabolic cross-talk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2613-2623. [PMID: 27425144 PMCID: PMC5404111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) is involved in protein transport, lipid homeostasis and metal ion exchange, while further acting in signalling pathways such as apoptosis. Regulation of these processes involves protein modifications, as well as stress-induced import or release of proteins and other signalling molecules. Even though the IMS is the smallest sub-compartment of mitochondria, its redox state seems to be tightly regulated. However, the way in which this compartment participates in the cross-talk between the multiple organelles and the cytosol is far from understood. Here we focus on newly identified IMS proteins that may represent future challenges in mitochondrial research. We present an overview of the import pathways, the recently discovered new components of the IMS proteome and how these relate to key aspects of cell signalling and progress made in stem cell and cancer research. A brief overview of the classic mitochondrial import pathways is featured Recent studies assigning a number of new proteins to the mitochondrial IMS are discussed Analysis of the expanded IMS proteomes can provide insights into organelle cross-talk and signalling pathways
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nuebel
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Phanee Manganas
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
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222
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Iwata H. Age-associated events in bovine oocytes and possible countermeasures. Reprod Med Biol 2016; 15:155-164. [PMID: 29259432 PMCID: PMC5715852 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-015-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal aging profoundly affects oocyte quality. This has become common knowledge in industrialized countries and extensive studies addressing the causes and possible countermeasures against age-associated deterioration of oocytes suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a causal factor in infertility. However, almost all studies addressing age-associated events in oocytes have used mice as an animal model, and the reproductive life of mice is very short, making it difficult to study the gradual decline in fertility observed in humans. In the present review, age-associated changes in the quality and quantity of bovine oocytes and possible countermeasures related to mitochondrial quality control are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Iwata
- Tokyo University of AgricultureFunako 1737243‐034AtsugiKanagawaJapan
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223
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Peleh V, Cordat E, Herrmann JM. Mia40 is a trans-site receptor that drives protein import into the mitochondrial intermembrane space by hydrophobic substrate binding. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27343349 PMCID: PMC4951193 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins of the mitochondrial IMS contain conserved cysteines that are oxidized to disulfide bonds during their import. The conserved IMS protein Mia40 is essential for the oxidation and import of these proteins. Mia40 consists of two functional elements: an N-terminal cysteine-proline-cysteine motif conferring substrate oxidation, and a C-terminal hydrophobic pocket for substrate binding. In this study, we generated yeast mutants to dissect both Mia40 activities genetically and biochemically. Thereby we show that the substrate-binding domain of Mia40 is both necessary and sufficient to promote protein import, indicating that trapping by Mia40 drives protein translocation. An oxidase-deficient Mia40 mutant is inviable, but can be partially rescued by the addition of the chemical oxidant diamide. Our results indicate that Mia40 predominantly serves as a trans-site receptor of mitochondria that binds incoming proteins via hydrophobic interactions thereby mediating protein translocation across the outer membrane by a ‘holding trap’ rather than a ‘folding trap’ mechanism. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16177.001 Human, yeast and other eukaryotic cells contain compartments called mitochondria that perform several vital tasks, including supplying the cell with energy. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by an inner and an outer membrane, which are separated by an intermembrane space that contains a host of molecules, including proteins. Intermembrane space proteins are made in the cytosol before being transported into the intermembrane space through pores in the mitochondrion’s outer membrane. Many of these proteins have the ability to form disulfide bonds within their structures, which help the proteins to fold and assemble correctly, but they only acquire these bonds once they have entered the intermembrane space. An enzyme called Mia40 sits inside the intermembrane space and helps other proteins to fold correctly. This Mia40-induced folding had been suggested to help proteins to move into the intermembrane space. Mia40 contains two important regions: one region acts as an enzyme and adds disulfide bonds to other proteins, and the other region binds to the intermembrane space proteins. Peleh et al. have now generated versions of Mia40 that lack one or the other of these regions in yeast cells, and then tested to see if these mutants could drive proteins across the outer membrane of mitochondria. The results show that it is the ability of Mia40 to bind proteins – and not its enzyme activity – that is essential for importing proteins into the intermembrane space. As disulfide bond formation is not critical for importing proteins into the intermembrane space, future studies could test whether Mia40 also helps to transport proteins that cannot form disulfide bonds. Presumably, Mia40 has a much broader relevance for importing mitochondrial proteins than was previously thought. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16177.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Peleh
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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224
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Radulovic M, Baqader NO, Stoeber K, Godovac-Zimmermann J. Spatial Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and DNA Replication in Human Fibroblasts. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1907-38. [PMID: 27142241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MS-based proteomics has been applied to a differential network analysis of the nuclear-cytoplasmic subcellular distribution of proteins between cell-cycle arrest: (a) at the origin activation checkpoint for DNA replication, or (b) in response to oxidative stress. Significant changes were identified for 401 proteins. Cellular response combines changes in trafficking and in total abundance to vary the local compartmental abundances that are the basis of cellular response. Appreciable changes for both perturbations were observed for 245 proteins, but cross-talk between oxidative stress and DNA replication is dominated by 49 proteins that show strong changes for both. Many nuclear processes are influenced by a spatial switch involving the proteins {KPNA2, KPNB1, PCNA, PTMA, SET} and heme/iron proteins HMOX1 and FTH1. Dynamic spatial distribution data are presented for proteins involved in caveolae, extracellular matrix remodelling, TGFβ signaling, IGF pathways, emerin complexes, mitochondrial protein import complexes, spliceosomes, proteasomes, and so on. The data indicate that for spatially heterogeneous cells cross-compartmental communication is integral to their system biology, that coordinated spatial redistribution for crucial protein networks underlies many functional changes, and that information on dynamic spatial redistribution of proteins is essential to obtain comprehensive pictures of cellular function. We describe how spatial data of the type presented here can provide priorities for further investigation of crucial features of high-level spatial coordination across cells. We suggest that the present data are related to increasing indications that much of subcellular protein transport is constitutive and that perturbation of these constitutive transport processes may be related to cancer and other diseases. A quantitative, spatially resolved nucleus-cytoplasm interaction network is provided for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Radulovic
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Center for Nephrology , Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.,Insitute of Oncology and Radiology , Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Noor O Baqader
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Center for Nephrology , Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Stoeber
- Research Department of Pathology and UCL Cancer Institute, Rockefeller Building, University College London , University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jasminka Godovac-Zimmermann
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Center for Nephrology , Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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225
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Richards RI, Robertson SA, O'Keefe LV, Fornarino D, Scott A, Lardelli M, Baune BT. The Enemy within: Innate Surveillance-Mediated Cell Death, the Common Mechanism of Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:193. [PMID: 27242399 PMCID: PMC4862319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise an array of progressive neurological disorders all characterized by the selective death of neurons in the central nervous system. Although, rare (familial) and common (sporadic) forms can occur for the same disease, it is unclear whether this reflects several distinct pathogenic pathways or the convergence of different causes into a common form of nerve cell death. Remarkably, neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly found to be accompanied by activation of the innate immune surveillance system normally associated with pathogen recognition and response. Innate surveillance is the cell's quality control system for the purpose of detecting such danger signals and responding in an appropriate manner. Innate surveillance is an "intelligent system," in that the manner of response is relevant to the magnitude and duration of the threat. If possible, the threat is dealt with within the cell in which it is detected, by degrading the danger signal(s) and restoring homeostasis. If this is not successful then an inflammatory response is instigated that is aimed at restricting the spread of the threat by elevating degradative pathways, sensitizing neighboring cells, and recruiting specialized cell types to the site. If the danger signal persists, then the ultimate response can include not only the programmed cell death of the original cell, but the contents of this dead cell can also bring about the death of adjacent sensitized cells. These responses are clearly aimed at destroying the ability of the detected pathogen to propagate and spread. Innate surveillance comprises intracellular, extracellular, non-cell autonomous and systemic processes. Recent studies have revealed how multiple steps in these processes involve proteins that, through their mutation, have been linked to many familial forms of neurodegenerative disease. This suggests that individuals harboring these mutations may have an amplified response to innate-mediated damage in neural tissues, and renders innate surveillance mediated cell death a plausible common pathogenic pathway responsible for neurodegenerative diseases, in both familial and sporadic forms. Here we have assembled evidence in favor of the hypothesis that neurodegenerative disease is the cumulative result of chronic activation of the innate surveillance pathway, triggered by endogenous or environmental danger or damage associated molecular patterns in a progressively expanding cascade of inflammation, tissue damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Richards
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Louise V O'Keefe
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dani Fornarino
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Scott
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
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226
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Revisiting trends on mitochondrial mega-channels for the import of proteins and nucleic acids. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 49:75-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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227
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Emmanouilidis L, Gopalswamy M, Passon DM, Wilmanns M, Sattler M. Structural biology of the import pathways of peroxisomal matrix proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:804-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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228
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Hughes AL, Hughes CE, Henderson KA, Yazvenko N, Gottschling DE. Selective sorting and destruction of mitochondrial membrane proteins in aged yeast. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27097106 PMCID: PMC4889329 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, and underlies the development of many diseases. Cells maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through a number of pathways that remodel the mitochondrial proteome or alter mitochondrial content during times of stress or metabolic adaptation. Here, using yeast as a model system, we identify a new mitochondrial degradation system that remodels the mitochondrial proteome of aged cells. Unlike many common mitochondrial degradation pathways, this system selectively removes a subset of membrane proteins from the mitochondrial inner and outer membranes, while leaving the remainder of the organelle intact. Selective removal of preexisting proteins is achieved by sorting into a mitochondrial-derived compartment, or MDC, followed by release through mitochondrial fission and elimination by autophagy. Formation of MDCs requires the import receptors Tom70/71, and failure to form these structures exacerbates preexisting mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that the MDC pathway provides protection to mitochondria in times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Hughes
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Casey E Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Kiersten A Henderson
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Nina Yazvenko
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Daniel E Gottschling
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
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229
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UCPs, at the interface between bioenergetics and metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2443-56. [PMID: 27091404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first member of the uncoupling protein (UCP) family, brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), was identified in 1976. Twenty years later, two closely related proteins, UCP2 and UCP3, were described in mammals. Homologs of these proteins exist in other organisms, including plants. Uncoupling refers to a deterioration of energy conservation between substrate oxidation and ADP phosphorylation. Complete energy conservation loss would be fatal but fine-tuning can be beneficial for processes such as thermogenesis, redox control, and prevention of mitochondrial ROS release. The coupled/uncoupled state of mitochondria is related to the permeability of the inner membrane and the proton transport mediated by activated UCPs underlies the uncoupling activity of these proteins. Proton transport by UCP1 is activated by fatty acids and this ensures thermogenesis. In vivo in absence of this activation UCP1 remains inhibited with no transport activity. A similar situation now seems unlikely for UCP2 and UCP3 and while activation of their proton transport has been described its physiological relevance remains uncertain and their influence can be envisaged as a result of another transport pathway that takes place in the absence of activation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
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230
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Venne AS, Solari FA, Faden F, Paretti T, Dissmeyer N, Zahedi RP. An improved workflow for quantitative N-terminal charge-based fractional diagonal chromatography (ChaFRADIC) to study proteolytic events in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proteomics 2016; 15:2458-69. [PMID: 26010716 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We applied an extended charge-based fractional diagonal chromatography (ChaFRADIC) workflow to analyze the N-terminal proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Using iTRAQ protein labeling and a multi-enzyme digestion approach including trypsin, GluC, and subtilisin, a total of 200 μg per enzyme, and measuring only one third of each ChaFRADIC-enriched fraction by LC-MS, we quantified a total of 2791 unique N-terminal peptides corresponding to 2249 different unique N-termini from 1270 Arabidopsis proteins. Our data indicate the power, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the applied strategy that might be applicable to quantify proteolytic events from as little as 20 μg of protein per condition across up to eight different samples. Furthermore, our data clearly reflect the methionine excision dogma as well as the N-end rule degradation pathway (NERP) discriminating into a stabilizing or destabilizing function of N-terminal amino acid residues. We found bona fide NERP destabilizing residues underrepresented, and the list of neo N-termini from wild type samples may represent a helpful resource during the evaluation of NERP substrate candidates. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001855 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001855).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saskia Venne
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fiorella A Solari
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frederik Faden
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.,ScienceCampus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tomasso Paretti
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.,ScienceCampus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
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231
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Isakova EP, Deryabina YI, Leonovich OA, Zylkova MV, Biriukova IK. Study of the Accumulation of Rec A from Bacillus subtilis in the Mitochondria of a Recombinant Strain of the Yeast Yarovia lipolytica. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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232
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Lasserre JP, Dautant A, Aiyar RS, Kucharczyk R, Glatigny A, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Rytka J, Blondel M, Skoczen N, Reynier P, Pitayu L, Rötig A, Delahodde A, Steinmetz LM, Dujardin G, Procaccio V, di Rago JP. Yeast as a system for modeling mitochondrial disease mechanisms and discovering therapies. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:509-26. [PMID: 26035862 PMCID: PMC4457039 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are severe and largely untreatable. Owing to the many essential processes carried out by mitochondria and the complex cellular systems that support these processes, these diseases are diverse, pleiotropic, and challenging to study. Much of our current understanding of mitochondrial function and dysfunction comes from studies in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because of its good fermenting capacity, S. cerevisiae can survive mutations that inactivate oxidative phosphorylation, has the ability to tolerate the complete loss of mitochondrial DNA (a property referred to as ‘petite-positivity’), and is amenable to mitochondrial and nuclear genome manipulation. These attributes make it an excellent model system for studying and resolving the molecular basis of numerous mitochondrial diseases. Here, we review the invaluable insights this model organism has yielded about diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, which ranges from primary defects in oxidative phosphorylation to metabolic disorders, as well as dysfunctions in maintaining the genome or in the dynamics of mitochondria. Owing to the high level of functional conservation between yeast and human mitochondrial genes, several yeast species have been instrumental in revealing the molecular mechanisms of pathogenic human mitochondrial gene mutations. Importantly, such insights have pointed to potential therapeutic targets, as have genetic and chemical screens using yeast. Summary: In this Review, we discuss the use of budding yeast to understand mitochondrial diseases and help in the search for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lasserre
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Raeka S Aiyar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Annie Glatigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Joanna Rytka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marc Blondel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Natalia Skoczen
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Pascal Reynier
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Laras Pitayu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Agnès Rötig
- Inserm U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Agnès Delahodde
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5301, USA
| | - Geneviève Dujardin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
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233
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Richter U, Lahtinen T, Marttinen P, Suomi F, Battersby BJ. Quality control of mitochondrial protein synthesis is required for membrane integrity and cell fitness. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:373-89. [PMID: 26504172 PMCID: PMC4621829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201504062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired turnover of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes leads to protein over-accumulation in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby generating a stress that dissipates the mitochondrial membrane potential and therefore compromises organelle and cellular fitness. Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize a subset of hydrophobic proteins required for assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. This process requires temporal and spatial coordination and regulation, so quality control of mitochondrial protein synthesis is paramount to maintain proteostasis. We show how impaired turnover of de novo mitochondrial proteins leads to aberrant protein accumulation in the mitochondrial inner membrane. This creates a stress in the inner membrane that progressively dissipates the mitochondrial membrane potential, which in turn stalls mitochondrial protein synthesis and fragments the mitochondrial network. The mitochondrial m-AAA protease subunit AFG3L2 is critical to this surveillance mechanism that we propose acts as a sensor to couple the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins with organelle fitness, thus ensuring coordinated assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes from two sets of ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Richter
- Research Programs for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Lahtinen
- Research Programs for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Marttinen
- Research Programs for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fumi Suomi
- Research Programs for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brendan J Battersby
- Research Programs for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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234
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Cross Talk of Proteostasis and Mitostasis in Cellular Homeodynamics, Ageing, and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4587691. [PMID: 26977249 PMCID: PMC4763003 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4587691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. Therefore, maintenance of mitochondria activity is necessary for the proper cellular function and survival. To this end, several mechanisms that act at different levels and time points have been developed to ensure mitochondria quality control. An interconnected highly integrated system of mitochondrial and cytosolic chaperones and proteases along with the fission/fusion machinery represents the surveillance scaffold of mitostasis. Moreover, nonreversible mitochondrial damage targets the organelle to a specific autophagic removal, namely, mitophagy. Beyond the organelle dynamics, the constant interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) has become an emerging aspect of healthy mitochondria. Dysfunction of mitochondria and UPS increases with age and correlates with many age-related diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the functional cross talk of proteostasis and mitostasis in cellular homeodynamics and the impairment of mitochondrial quality control during ageing, cancer, and neurodegeneration.
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235
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Modjtahedi N, Tokatlidis K, Dessen P, Kroemer G. Mitochondrial Proteins Containing Coiled-Coil-Helix-Coiled-Coil-Helix (CHCH) Domains in Health and Disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:245-260. [PMID: 26782138 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain-containing protein family that carry (CX9C) type motifs are imported into the mitochondrion with the help of the disulfide relay-dependent MIA import pathway. These evolutionarily conserved proteins are emerging as new cellular factors that control mitochondrial respiration, redox regulation, lipid homeostasis, and membrane ultrastructure and dynamics. We discuss recent insights on the activity of known (CX9C) motif-carrying proteins in mammals and review current data implicating the Mia40/CHCHD4 import machinery in the regulation of their mitochondrial import. Recent findings and the identification of disease-associated mutations in specific (CX9C) motif-carrying proteins have highlighted members of this family of proteins as potential therapeutic targets in a variety of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanine Modjtahedi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1030, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Groupe bioinformatique Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, AP-HP, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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236
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Romanello V, Sandri M. Mitochondrial Quality Control and Muscle Mass Maintenance. Front Physiol 2016; 6:422. [PMID: 26793123 PMCID: PMC4709858 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and force occurs in many diseases such as disuse/inactivity, diabetes, cancer, renal, and cardiac failure and in aging-sarcopenia. In these catabolic conditions the mitochondrial content, morphology and function are greatly affected. The changes of mitochondrial network influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play an important role in muscle function. Moreover, dysfunctional mitochondria trigger catabolic signaling pathways which feed-forward to the nucleus to promote the activation of muscle atrophy. Exercise, on the other hand, improves mitochondrial function by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, possibly playing an important part in the beneficial effects of physical activity in several diseases. Optimized mitochondrial function is strictly maintained by the coordinated activation of different mitochondrial quality control pathways. In this review we outline the current knowledge linking mitochondria-dependent signaling pathways to muscle homeostasis in aging and disease and the resulting implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular MedicinePadova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of PadovaPadova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePadova, Italy; Department of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
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237
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Manella G, Asher G. The Circadian Nature of Mitochondrial Biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:162. [PMID: 28066327 PMCID: PMC5165042 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks orchestrate the daily changes in physiology and behavior of light-sensitive organisms. These clocks measure about 24 h and tick in a self-sustained and cell-autonomous manner. Mounting evidence points toward a tight intertwining between circadian clocks and metabolism. Although various aspects of circadian control of metabolic functions have been extensively studied, our knowledge regarding circadian mitochondrial function is rudimentary. In this review, we will survey the current literature related to the circadian nature of mitochondrial biology: from mitochondrial omics studies (e.g., proteome, acetylome, and lipidome), through dissection of mitochondrial morphology, to analyses of mitochondrial processes such as nutrient utilization and respiration. We will describe potential mechanisms that are implicated in circadian regulation of mitochondrial functions in mammals and discuss the possibility of a mitochondrial-autonomous oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Manella
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Gad Asher,
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238
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Banerjee R, Gladkova C, Mapa K, Witte G, Mokranjac D. Protein translocation channel of mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix-exposed import motor communicate via two-domain coupling protein. eLife 2015; 4:e11897. [PMID: 26714107 PMCID: PMC4749553 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of mitochondrial proteins are targeted to mitochondria by N-terminal presequences and use the TIM23 complex for their translocation across the mitochondrial inner membrane. During import, translocation through the channel in the inner membrane is coupled to the ATP-dependent action of an Hsp70-based import motor at the matrix face. How these two processes are coordinated remained unclear. We show here that the two domain structure of Tim44 plays a central role in this process. The N-terminal domain of Tim44 interacts with the components of the import motor, whereas its C-terminal domain interacts with the translocation channel and is in contact with translocating proteins. Our data suggest that the translocation channel and the import motor of the TIM23 complex communicate through rearrangements of the two domains of Tim44 that are stimulated by translocating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Banerjee
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Gladkova
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Koyeli Mapa
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Dejana Mokranjac
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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239
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Monaghan RM, Whitmarsh AJ. Mitochondrial Proteins Moonlighting in the Nucleus. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:728-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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240
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Demarquoy J, Le Borgne F. Crosstalk between mitochondria and peroxisomes. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:301-9. [PMID: 26629313 PMCID: PMC4657118 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and peroxisomes are small ubiquitous organelles. They both play major roles in cell metabolism, especially in terms of fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ROS scavenging, and it is now clear that they metabolically interact with each other. These two organelles share some properties, such as great plasticity and high potency to adapt their form and number according to cell requirements. Their functions are connected, and any alteration in the function of mitochondria may induce changes in peroxisomal physiology. The objective of this paper was to highlight the interconnection and the crosstalk existing between mitochondria and peroxisomes. Special emphasis was placed on the best known connections between these organelles: origin, structure, and metabolic interconnections.
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241
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Destefanis M, Viano M, Leo C, Gervino G, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect proliferation and mitochondrial activity of human cancer cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:964-72. [PMID: 26762464 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, the effects of electromagnetic fields on cell metabolism have been overlooked. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) over mitochondrial metabolism and the consequent impact on cancer cell growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ELF-EMF on cancer growth were investigated in several human cancer cell lines by crystal violet assay. The modulation of mitochondrial activity was assessed by cytofluorimetric evaluation of membrane potential and by real-time quantification of mitochondrial transcription. Moreover the expression of several mitochondrial proteins and their levels in the organelle were evaluated. RESULTS The long-term exposure to ELF-EMF reduced the proliferation of several cancer cell lines and the effect was associated to an increased mitochondrial activity without evident changes in ATP levels. The results of our experiments excluded a transcriptional modulation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, rather suggesting that ELF-EMF increased the energy demand. The altered mitochondrial metabolism led to changes in mitochondrial protein profile. In fact we found a downregulated expression of mitochondrial phospho-ERK, p53 and cytochrome c. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that ELF-EMF can negatively modulate cancer cell growth increasing respiratory activity of cells and altering mitochondrial protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Viano
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Christian Leo
- b Department of Medical Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | | | - Antonio Ponzetto
- b Department of Medical Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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242
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Proteasome Impairment Induces Recovery of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and an Alternative Pathway of Mitochondrial Fusion. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:347-62. [PMID: 26552703 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00920-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital and highly dynamic organelles that continuously fuse and divide to maintain mitochondrial quality. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs cellular integrity and is known to be associated with various human diseases. However, the mechanism by which the quality of mitochondria is maintained remains largely unexplored. Here we show that impaired proteasome function recovers the growth of yeast cells lacking Fzo1, a pivotal protein for mitochondrial fusion. Decreased proteasome activity increased the mitochondrial oxidoreductase protein Mia40 and the ratio of the short isoform of mitochondrial intermembrane protein Mgm1 (s-Mgm1) to the long isoform (l-Mgm1). The increase in Mia40 restored mitochondrial membrane potential, while the increase in the s-Mgm1/l-Mgm1 ratio promoted mitochondrial fusion in an Fzo1-independent manner. Our findings demonstrate a new pathway for mitochondrial quality control that is induced by proteasome impairment.
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243
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Lu P, Bruno BJ, Rabenau M, Lim CS. Delivery of drugs and macromolecules to the mitochondria for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2015; 240:38-51. [PMID: 26482081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that have pivotal functions in producing the energy necessary for life and executing the cell death pathway. Targeting drugs and macromolecules to the mitochondria may provide an effective means of inducing cell death for cancer therapy, and has been actively pursued in the last decade. This review will provide a brief overview of mitochondrial structure and function, how it relates to cancer, and importantly, will discuss different strategies of mitochondrial delivery including delivery using small molecules, peptides, genes encoding proteins and MTSs, and targeting polymers/nanoparticles with payloads to the mitochondria. The advantages and disadvantages for each strategy will be discussed. Specific examples using the latest strategies for mitochondrial targeting will be evaluated, as well as potential opportunities for specific mitochondrial compartment localization, which may lead to improvements in mitochondrial therapeutics. Future perspectives in mitochondrial targeting of drugs and macromolecules will be discussed. Currently this is an under-explored area that is prime for new discoveries in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S. 2000 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bruno
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S. 2000 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Malena Rabenau
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Phillips-Universität, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carol S Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S. 2000 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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244
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Guedes-Dias P, Pinho BR, Soares TR, de Proença J, Duchen MR, Oliveira JMA. Mitochondrial dynamics and quality control in Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 90:51-7. [PMID: 26388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by polyglutamine expansion mutations in the huntingtin protein. Despite its ubiquitous distribution, expression of mutant huntingtin (mHtt) is particularly detrimental to medium spiny neurons within the striatum. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with HD pathogenesis. Here we review the current evidence for mHtt-induced abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics and quality control, with a particular focus on brain and neuronal data pertaining to striatal vulnerability. We address mHtt effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, protein import, complex assembly, fission and fusion, mitochondrial transport, and on the degradation of damaged mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy). For an integrated perspective on potentially converging pathogenic mechanisms, we also address impaired autophagosomal transport and abnormal mHtt proteostasis in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Guedes-Dias
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia R Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João de Proença
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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245
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Lamech LT, Haynes CM. The unpredictability of prolonged activation of stress response pathways. J Cell Biol 2015; 209:781-7. [PMID: 26101215 PMCID: PMC4477854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to stress, cellular compartments activate signaling pathways that mediate transcriptional programs to promote survival and reestablish homeostasis. Manipulation of the magnitude and duration of the activation of stress responses has been proposed as a strategy to prevent or repair the damage associated with aging or degenerative diseases. However, as these pathways likely evolved to respond specifically to transient perturbations, the unpredictability of prolonged activation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian T Lamech
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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246
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YOO SEUNGHEE, KIM HYEYOUNG, RHO JEEHYUN, JEONG SEONYONG, YUN JEANHO, YUN IL, PARK HWANTAE, YOO YOUNGHYUN. Targeted inhibition of mitochondrial Hsp90 induces mitochondrial elongation in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells undergoing apoptosis by increasing the ROS level. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1783-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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247
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Chen Y, Chernyavsky A, Webber RJ, Grando SA, Wang PH. Critical Role of the Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) in the Pathogenic Action of Antimitochondrial Autoantibodies Synergizing with Anti-desmoglein Autoantibodies in Pemphigus Vulgaris. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23826-37. [PMID: 26260795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-long, potentially fatal IgG autoantibody-mediated blistering disease targeting mucocutaneous keratinocytes (KCs). PV patients develop pathogenic anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 3 ± 1 and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), but it remained unknown whether and how AMA enter KCs and why other cell types are not affected in PV. Therefore, we sought to elucidate mechanisms of cell entry, trafficking, and pathogenic action of AMA in PV. We found that PVIgGs associated with neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) on the cell membrane, and the PVIgG-FcRn complexes entered KCs and reached mitochondria where they dissociated. The liberated AMA altered mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, and ATP production and induced cytochrome c release, although the lack or inactivation of FcRn abolished the ability of PVIgG to reach and damage mitochondria and to cause detachment of KCs. The assays of mitochondrial functions and keratinocyte adhesion demonstrated that although the pathobiological effects of AMA on KCs are reversible, they become irreversible, leading to epidermal blistering (acantholysis), when AMA synergize with anti-Dsg antibodies. Thus, it appears that AMA enter a keratinocyte in a complex with FcRn, become liberated from the endosome in the cytosol, and are trafficked to the mitochondria, wherein they trigger pro-apoptotic events leading to shrinkage of basal KCs uniquely expressing FcRn in epidermis. During recovery, KCs extend their cytoplasmic aprons toward neighboring cells, but anti-Dsg antibodies prevent assembly of nascent desmosomes due to steric hindrance, thus rendering acantholysis irreversible. In conclusion, FcRn is a common acceptor protein for internalization of AMA and, perhaps, for PV autoantibodies to other intracellular antigens, and PV is a novel disease paradigm for investigating and elucidating the role of FcRn in this autoimmune disease and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumay Chen
- From the Irvine Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Sergei A Grando
- Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, and the Institute for Immunology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92967 and
| | - Ping H Wang
- From the Irvine Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, and Biological Chemistry, and
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248
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Upadhyay A, Amanullah A, Chhangani D, Mishra R, Prasad A, Mishra A. Mahogunin Ring Finger-1 (MGRN1), a Multifaceted Ubiquitin Ligase: Recent Unraveling of Neurobiological Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4484-96. [PMID: 26255182 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In healthy cell, inappropriate accumulation of poor or damaged proteins is prevented by cellular quality control system. Autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) provides regular cytoprotection against proteotoxicity induced by abnormal or disruptive proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases are crucial components in this defense mechanism. Mahogunin Ring Finger-1 (MGRN1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) finger family, plays a pivotal role in many biological and cellular mechanisms. Previous findings indicate that lack of functions of MGRN1 can cause spongiform neurodegeneration, congenital heart defects, abnormal left-right patterning, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in mice brains. However, the detailed molecular pathomechanism of MGRN1 in cellular functions and diseases is not well known. This article comprehensively represents the molecular nature, characterization, and functions of MGRN1; we also summarize possible beneficiary aspects of this novel E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here, we review recent literature on the role of MGRN1 in the neuro-pathobiological mechanisms, with precise focus on the processes of neurodegeneration, and thereby propose new lines of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Ayeman Amanullah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Deepak Chhangani
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India.
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249
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Arnould T, Michel S, Renard P. Mitochondria Retrograde Signaling and the UPR mt: Where Are We in Mammals? Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18224-51. [PMID: 26258774 PMCID: PMC4581242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response is a form of retrograde signaling that contributes to ensuring the maintenance of quality control of mitochondria, allowing functional integrity of the mitochondrial proteome. When misfolded proteins or unassembled complexes accumulate beyond the folding capacity, it leads to alteration of proteostasis, damages, and organelle/cell dysfunction. Extensively studied for the ER, it was recently reported that this kind of signaling for mitochondrion would also be able to communicate with the nucleus in response to impaired proteostasis. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is activated in response to different types and levels of stress, especially in conditions where unfolded or misfolded mitochondrial proteins accumulate and aggregate. A specific UPRmt could thus be initiated to boost folding and degradation capacity in response to unfolded and aggregated protein accumulation. Although first described in mammals, the UPRmt was mainly studied in Caenorhabditis elegans, and accumulating evidence suggests that mechanisms triggered in response to a UPRmt might be different in C. elegans and mammals. In this review, we discuss and integrate recent data from the literature to address whether the UPRmt is relevant to mitochondrial homeostasis in mammals and to analyze the putative role of integrated stress response (ISR) activation in response to the inhibition of mtDNA expression and/or accumulation of mitochondrial mis/unfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Michel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Hood DA, Tryon LD, Vainshtein A, Memme J, Chen C, Pauly M, Crilly MJ, Carter H. Exercise and the Regulation of Mitochondrial Turnover. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:99-127. [PMID: 26477912 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a well-known stimulus for the expansion of the mitochondrial pool within skeletal muscle. Mitochondria have a remarkable ability to remodel their networks and can respond to an array of signaling stimuli following contractile activity to adapt to the metabolic demands of the tissue, synthesizing proteins to expand the mitochondrial reticulum. In addition, when they become dysfunctional, these organelles can be recycled by a specialized intracellular system. The signals regulating this mitochondrial life cycle of synthesis and degradation during exercise are still an area of great research interest. As mitochondrial turnover has valuable consequences in physical performance, in addition to metabolic health, disease, and aging, consideration of the signals which control this cycle is vital. This review focuses on the regulation of mitochondrial turnover in skeletal muscle and summarizes our current understanding of the impact that exercise has in modulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Liam D Tryon
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Vainshtein
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Chen
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marion Pauly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Crilly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Carter
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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