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Yang TK, Woo P, Yang HJ, Chang HC, Hsieh JT, Huang KH. Correlations of Metabolic Components with Prostate Volume in Middle-Aged Men Receiving Health Check-Up. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145050. [PMID: 26731481 PMCID: PMC4701412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of metabolic components and body composition indices on prostate volume (PV) in a population of middle-aged men receiving health check-ups. METHODS Six hundred and sixteen men receiving health assessments were stratified to large and small prostates based on the cut-off of median PV. Their demographic data, health history, and international prostate symptoms scores (IPSS) were collected. Metabolic components and body composition indices were compared between subjects with large and small prostates. Moreover, the correlations between these parameters and PV were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The median PV was 27 mL and mean age was 54.8 years. Subjects with large PV were older (56.5 vs. 52.7 years) and had higher serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level (1.73 vs. 0.96 ng/mL), higher IPSS score (8.37 vs. 6.16), and higher body fat, body mass, and waist circumference (all p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, age (OR, 2.45; 95%CI, 1.74-3.45), serum PSA (OR, 2.75; 95%CI, 1.96-3.86), waist circumference (OR, 1.45; 95%CI, 1.02-2.07), fatness (OR, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.04-2.09), and body fat mass (OR, 1.43; 95%CI, 1.00-2.03) were significantly correlated with PV of study subjects. In subgroup analysis, raised waist circumference (OR, 1.89; 95%CI, 1.00-3.59) was the independent predictor of PV in subjects with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Several metabolic components and body composition indices are significantly associated with PV of middle-aged men, including raised waist circumference, fatness, and body fat mass. Raised waist circumference is the only independent predictor of PV in middle-aged men with bothersome LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Kai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Yonghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Peter Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Yang
- Department of Surgery, Yonghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ton Hsieh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kolberg M, Pedersen S, Mitake M, Holm KL, Bøhn SK, Blomhoff HK, Carlsen H, Blomhoff R, Paur I. Coffee inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B in prostate cancer cells and xenografts. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 27:153-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tantamango-Bartley Y, Knutsen SF, Knutsen R, Jacobsen BK, Fan J, Beeson WL, Sabate J, Hadley D, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Penniecook J, Herring P, Butler T, Bennett H, Fraser G. Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer? Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:153-60. [PMID: 26561618 PMCID: PMC4691666 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer accounts for ∼27% of all incident cancer cases among men and is the second most common (noncutaneous) cancer among men. The relation between diet and prostate cancer is still unclear. Because people do not consume individual foods but rather foods in combination, the assessment of dietary patterns may offer valuable information when determining associations between diet and prostate cancer risk. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns (nonvegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, vegan, and semi-vegetarian) and prostate cancer incidence among 26,346 male participants of the Adventist Health Study-2. DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, cancer cases were identified by matching to cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate HRs by using age as the time variable. RESULTS In total, 1079 incident prostate cancer cases were identified. Around 8% of the study population reported adherence to the vegan diet. Vegan diets showed a statistically significant protective association with prostate cancer risk (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85). After stratifying by race, the statistically significant association with a vegan diet remained only for the whites (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.86), but the multivariate HR for black vegans showed a similar but nonsignificant point estimate (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.18). CONCLUSION Vegan diets may confer a lower risk of prostate cancer. This lower estimated risk is seen in both white and black vegan subjects, although in the latter, the CI is wider and includes the null.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Synnove F Knutsen
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Raymond Knutsen
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and Department of Community Medicine, Universitetet i Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - W Lawrence Beeson
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Joan Sabate
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - David Hadley
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA; and
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Jason Penniecook
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Patti Herring
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Terry Butler
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Hanni Bennett
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
| | - Gary Fraser
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention and
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Liu ZM, Wong CKM, Chan D, Tse LA, Yip B, Wong SYS. Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction Among Southern Chinese Elderly Men: A 4-Year Prospective Study of Mr OS Hong Kong. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2557. [PMID: 26825896 PMCID: PMC5291566 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in relation to prostate health remains inconclusive. This 4-year longitudinal study aims to explore the association of FV intake and the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS, a cluster of chronic urinary symptoms occurring in bladder, prostate and urethra), incidence of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese elderly men. Data were obtained from a 4 years longitudinal study (Mr OS Hong Kong, the largest prospective study on bone health in Chinese elderly). Two thousand Chinese men aged 65 years and older were recruited from the local community, of whom 1998 (99.9%) at baseline and 1564 (78.2%) at 4-year follow-up reported data on LUTS, which were evaluated by a validated International Prostate Symptoms Scale (IPSS). Erectile function was evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaires at 2- (n = 386) and 4-year (n = 475) follow-ups. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Analysis was conducted using multivariate linear and logistic regression. For total FV and most of their subclasses, moderate consumption had the lowest mean changes of LUTS; we thus applied the moderate levels as the reference in the regression models. The high levels of total FV intake (>350 g/1000 kcal/day) were significantly associated with reduced IPSS by scores of -1.174 ± 0.459 (or -17.3% of basal IPSS, P = 0.011) relative to the moderate groups (250-350 g/1000 kcal/day). FV consumption had no significant association with the score change of ED or the odds of sexual activities at 4-year (all P > 0.05). High intake of dark and leafy vegetables (>50 g/1000 kcal/day) significantly reduced the risk of LUTS progression by 37.2% [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI): 0.628 (0.466∼0.848), P = 0.002] or risk of symptomatic BPH by 34.3% [OR (95% CI): 0.657 (0.442-0.976), P = 0.038] after 4 years compared with the moderate group (25-50 g/1000 kcal/day). Adequate FV intakes, especially dark and leafy vegetables, were associated with improved LUTS among Chinese elderly men, but lack an association with ED and sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Min Liu
- From the Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR (Z-ML, CKMW, DC, BY, SY-SW); and Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR (LAT)
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Al Nemer AM, Aldamanhori RB. Prostatic diseases under focus in a university hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia. A 15-year experience. Saudi Med J 2015; 36:1319-23. [PMID: 26593165 PMCID: PMC4673369 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.11.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To explore the spectrum of pathologies diagnosed in prostatic biopsies of Saudi men, and test whether the frequency of diagnosing the malignant fraction has been changed over the last 15 years, and assess the association between chronic inflammation (CI) with both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancer (PCa), and investigate the histological findings of cases presented with acute urinary retention (AUR) clinically. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including all prostatic biopsies accessed in the files in the Surgical Pathology Laboratory of King Fahd University Hospital, Alkhobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over 15 years (1999-2013) for Saudi men. Age, procedure indication, and final diagnoses were retrieved and slides were reviewed. Results: There were 360 cases included in this study with a median age of 65 year-old. The BPH comprised the most (64.7%), while PCa accounted for 89 cases, 13.5% of which were incidental. Most cases of both BPH and PCa were diagnosed in the seventh decade. The frequency of diagnosing PCa did not show a solid rise or fall over time. Chronic inflammation is more related to BPH than to PCa. Only CI showed a significant statistical association with AUR. Conclusion: Prostatic diseases show a stable trend over time. While CI is a common dominator for both BPH and PCa, it is associated more with BPH. Among all histological findings, only CI is related to the clinical presentation of AUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej M Al Nemer
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Johnson IR, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Keegan H, Spillane CD, Barry-O'Crowley J, Watson WR, Selemidis S, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Endosomal gene expression: a new indicator for prostate cancer patient prognosis? Oncotarget 2015; 6:37919-29. [PMID: 26473288 PMCID: PMC4741974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men, but a method for accurate prognosis in these patients is yet to be developed. The recent discovery of altered endosomal biogenesis in prostate cancer has identified a fundamental change in the cell biology of this cancer, which holds great promise for the identification of novel biomarkers that can predict disease outcomes. Here we have identified significantly altered expression of endosomal genes in prostate cancer compared to non-malignant tissue in mRNA microarrays and confirmed these findings by qRT-PCR on fresh-frozen tissue. Importantly, we identified endosomal gene expression patterns that were predictive of patient outcomes. Two endosomal tri-gene signatures were identified from a previously published microarray cohort and had a significant capacity to stratify patient outcomes. The expression of APPL1, RAB5A, EEA1, PDCD6IP, NOX4 and SORT1 were altered in malignant patient tissue, when compared to indolent and normal prostate tissue. These findings support the initiation of a case-control study using larger cohorts of prostate tissue, with documented patient outcomes, to determine if different combinations of these new biomarkers can accurately predict disease status and clinical progression in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R.D. Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma J. Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy D. Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - William R. Watson
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, School of Medicine and Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J. O'Leary
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doug A. Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Gutiérrez-Zúñiga GG, Hernández-López JL. Sensitivity improvement of a sandwich-type ELISA immunosensor for the detection of different prostate-specific antigen isoforms in human serum using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 902:97-106. [PMID: 26703258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A gold millielectrode (GME) functionalized with a mixed (16-MHA + EG3SH) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used to fabricate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunosensor for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker, in human serum samples. To address and minimize the issue of non-specific protein adsorption, an organic matrix (amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin) was assembled on the previously functionalized electrode surface to build up an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture: Au/16-MHA/EG3SH/amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin. The electrode was then exposed to serum samples at different concentrations of a sandwich-type immunocomplex molecule ((Btn)Ab-AgPSA-(HRP)Ab), and its interfacial properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Calibration curves for polarization resistance (RP) and capacitance (1/C) vs. total and free PSA concentrations were obtained and their analytical quality parameters were determined. This approach was compared with results obtained from a commercially available ELISA immunosensor. The results obtained in this work showed that the proposed immunosensor can be successfully applied to analyze serum samples of patients representative of the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, P.O. Box 064, Pedro Escobedo, Qro., Mexico
| | - José Luis Hernández-López
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, P.O. Box 064, Pedro Escobedo, Qro., Mexico.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on risk of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) in HIV-infected men is sparse. We aimed to estimate the incidence of being diagnosed with BPH among HIV-infected men compared with an age and sex-matched comparison cohort from the background population. To exclude that family-associated risk factors influence risk of BPH diagnoses in families of HIV-infected individuals, we estimated risk of BPH in fathers of HIV-infected men and fathers of the comparison cohort. METHODS In a nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study, we calculated incidence rates and used Poisson regression models to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of being diagnosed with BPH, defined as the earliest of date of the second redeemed prescription of a drug used to treat BPH, the first registration of a BPH diagnosis in the Danish National Hospital Registry (DNHR) or the first registration of a surgical procedure for BPH in DNHR. RESULTS We identified 4633 HIV-infected men, 46 330 comparison cohort individuals, 1585 fathers of HIV-infected men and 20 449 fathers of the comparison cohort. Incidence rate of being diagnosed with BPH was 37.0 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 31.5-43.1] per 10 000 person-years of follow-up among HIV-infected men and was not increased compared with the comparison cohort (IRR 1.04, 95% CI 0.88-1.22). Risk was not increased for fathers of HIV-infected men vs. fathers of the comparison cohort (IRR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87-1.12). Stratified analyses did not change the above results markedly. CONCLUSION HIV-infected individuals do not have an increased risk of being diagnosed with BPH.
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Holmström F, Shimizu S, Shimizu T, Higashi Y, Martin DT, Honda M, Saito M. Protective effect of hydroxyfasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, on ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Prostate 2015; 75:1774-82. [PMID: 26286428 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is associated with various cellular functions, such as smooth muscle contraction, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is commonly used genetically hypertensive rat model which develops hyperplastic morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate. We investigated whether administration of hydroxyfasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, could reduce the levels of growth factors, inflammatory markers, and morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate of the SHR. METHODS Twelve-week-old SHRs were treated with hydroxyfasudil (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle once daily for another 6 weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with vehicle were used as normotensive controls. At 18 weeks of age, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail cuff method. Then the rats were sacrificed, and the ventral prostates were removed. The levels of ROCK activity, growth factors (TGF-β1 and bFGF), a smooth muscle differentiation marker (α-SMA) and an inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) in the ventral prostate were measured by ELISA and western blot. A histological evaluation in each group was also performed. RESULTS There were significant increases in blood pressure, prostate weight, prostate body weight ratio, and tissue levels of ROCK activity, TGF-β1, bFGF, α-SMA, and IL-6 in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. Histological examination of the ventral prostate showed morphological abnormalities such as a higher degree of proliferation in the glandular epithelial and stromal area in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. Treatment with hydroxyfasudil reduced the elevated ROCK activity, TGF-β1, bFGF, α-SMA, and IL-6 found in the ventral prostate of the SHR. Moreover, treatment with hydroxyfasudil decreased the morphological abnormalies in the SHR ventral prostate. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with hydroxyfasudil decreased the growth factors, an inflammatory cytokine, and morphological abnormalies in the SHR ventral prostate. These results suggest that chronic treatment with hydroxyfasudil may inhibit the progression of prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Holmström
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Darryl T Martin
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Masashi Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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Vermassen T, Van Praet C, Poelaert F, Lumen N, Decaestecker K, Hoebeke P, Van Belle S, Rottey S, Delanghe J. Diagnostic accuracy of urinary prostate protein glycosylation profiling in prostatitis diagnosis. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2015; 25:439-49. [PMID: 26526330 PMCID: PMC4622189 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2015.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although prostatitis is a common male urinary tract infection, clinical diagnosis of prostatitis is difficult. The developmental mechanism of prostatitis is not yet unraveled which led to the elaboration of various biomarkers. As changes in asparagine-linked-(N-)-glycosylation were observed between healthy volunteers (HV), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer patients, a difference could exist in biochemical parameters and urinary N-glycosylation between HV and prostatitis patients. We therefore investigated if prostatic protein glycosylation could improve the diagnosis of prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differences in serum and urine biochemical markers and in total urine N-glycosylation profile of prostatic proteins were determined between HV (N=66) and prostatitis patients (N=36). Additionally, diagnostic accuracy of significant biochemical markers and changes in N-glycosylation was assessed. RESULTS Urinary white blood cell (WBC) count enabled discrimination of HV from prostatitis patients (P<0.001). Urinary bacteria count allowed for discriminating prostatitis patients from HV (P<0.001). Total amount of biantennary structures (urinary 2A/MA marker) was significantly lower in prostatitis patients compared to HV (P<0.001). Combining the urinary 2A/MA marker and urinary WBC count resulted in an AUC of 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI)=(0.70-0.89) which was significantly better than urinary WBC count (AUC=0.70, 95% CI=[0.59-0.82], P=0.042) as isolated test. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the diagnostic value of urinary N-glycosylation profiling, which shows great potential as biomarker for prostatitis. Further research is required to unravel the developmental course of prostatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijl Vermassen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Filip Poelaert
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolaas Lumen
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Piet Hoebeke
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Van Belle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Guo Y, Li W, Yang S, Li W, Cai W. Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Chronic Inflammation. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2976-85. [PMID: 26434601 PMCID: PMC4765536 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 27 (HSP 27) is known as a mediator in immune response and has been recently found to be expressed in prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of HSP27 in inflammatory BPH. Material/Methods Hospitalized BPH patients who received TURP were divided into 4 groups by the presence and degrees of chronic inflammation: non-inflammatory BPH (NI BPH), mild-inflammatory BPH (MI BPH), moderate-inflammatory BPH (MOI BPH), and severe-inflammatory BPH (SI BPH). Expressions of HSP 27, TNF-α, IL-6, and CD3 in prostate tissues and serum of patients were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Results Expression of HSP27 in BPH with histological inflammation was significantly higher than in non-inflammatory BPH. In inflammatory BPH groups, HSP27 expression gradually increased along with increasing inflammation. There was a significant correlation between the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CD3 and HSP27 among different inflammatory BPH groups. Conclusions HSP27 expression level is associated with the degree of chronic inflammation in BPH and may participate in the pathological process in inflammatory BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yuexian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenqing Cai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Porcaro AB, Novella G, Balzarro M, Martignoni G, Brunelli M, Cacciamani G, Cerruto MA, Artibani W. Prostate chronic inflammation type IV and prostate cancer risk in patients undergoing first biopsy set: Results of a large cohort study. Asian J Urol 2015; 2:224-232. [PMID: 29264150 PMCID: PMC5730755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In prostate specimens, chronic inflammatory infiltrate (CII) type IV has been detected, but its association with prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate on associations of CII with PCa detection in patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set. METHODS Ultrasound transrectal-guided biopsies by the transperineal approach were retrospectively evaluated in 441 consecutive patients. The study excluded patients who were in active surveillance, prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≥30 ng/mL, re-biopsies, incidental PCa after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), less than 14 cores or metastatic. Analysis of population and subpopulations (with or without PCa) was performed by statistical methods which included Mann-Whitney (U test), Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-squared statistic, logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression models predicting mean probability of PCa detection were established. RESULTS PCa detection rate was 46.03%. Age, PSA, prostate volume (PV), prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and CII were the significant independent predictors of PCa detection. PV (OR = 0.934) and CII (OR = 0.192) were both negative independent predictors. CII was a significant negative independent predictor in multivariate logistic regression models predicting the mean probability of PCa detection by age, PSA and PV. The inverse association of CII with PCa does not necessary mean protection because of PSA confounding. CONCLUSION In a population of patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set, CII was a strong negative independent predictor of PCa detection. CII type IV should be considered as an adjunctive parameter in re-biopsy or active surveillance protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benito Porcaro
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Novella
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Balzarro
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cacciamani
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria A. Cerruto
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Walter Artibani
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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Shimizu S, Shimizu T, Tsounapi P, Higashi Y, Martin DT, Nakamura K, Honda M, Inoue K, Saito M. Effect of Silodosin, an Alpha1A-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, on Ventral Prostatic Hyperplasia in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133798. [PMID: 26308715 PMCID: PMC4550428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A decreased prostatic blood flow could be one of the risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia/benign prostatic enlargement. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) shows a chronic prostatic ischemia and hyperplastic morphological abnormalities in the ventral prostate. The effect of silodosin, a selective alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist, was investigated in the SHR prostate as a prostatic hyperplasia model focusing on prostatic blood flow. Methods Twelve-week-old male SHRs were administered perorally with silodosin (100 μg/kg/day) or vehicle once daily for 6 weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as normotensive controls and were treated with the vehicle. The effect of silodosin on blood pressure and prostatic blood flow were estimated and then the prostates were removed and weighed. The tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CXCL1/CINC1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were measured. The histological evaluation was also performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results There was a significant increase in blood pressure, prostate weight, prostate body weight ratio (PBR), tissue levels of MDA, IL-6, CXCL1/CINC1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, bFGF and α-SMA in the SHR compared to the WKY rat. The ventral prostate in the SHR showed the morphological abnormalities compared to the WKY rat. Prostatic blood flow was decreased in the SHR. However, treatment with silodosin significantly restored the decreased prostatic blood flow in the SHR. Moreover, silodosin normalized tissue levels of MDA, IL-6, CXCL1/CINC1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, bFGF and α-SMA, and it ameliorated ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR excluding blood pressure. Silodosin decreased PBR but not prostate weight in the SHR. Conclusions Silodosin can inhibit the progression of prostatic hyperplasia through a recovery of prostatic blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Panagiota Tsounapi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Darryl T. Martin
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Kumiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Masashi Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
- * E-mail:
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De Nunzio C, Andriole GL, Thompson IM, Freedland SJ. Smoking and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol Focus 2015; 1:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bhojani N, Boris RS, Monn MF, Mandeville JA, Lingeman JE. Coexisting prostate cancer found at the time of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: predicting its presence and grade in analyzed tissue. J Endourol 2015; 29:41-6. [PMID: 25046691 DOI: 10.1089/end.2014.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of prostate cancer identified on holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) specimens and evaluate variables associated with prostate cancer identification. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients undergoing HoLEP between 1998 and 2013 were identified. Patients with a known history of prostate cancer were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression assessed variables associated with identification of prostate cancer on HoLEP specimens and Gleason 7 or higher prostate cancer among the malignant cases. The Gleason grade was used as a proxy for disease severity. Each of the models was adjusted for age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and HoLEP specimen weight. RESULTS The cohort comprised 1272 patients, of whom 103 (8.1%) had prostate cancer identified. Prostate cancer cases had higher pre-HoLEP PSA (p=0.06) but lower HoLEP specimen weight (p=0.01). On multivariate logistic regression, age and preoperative PSA were associated with increased odds of prostate cancer being present (p<0.01 each), while increasing HoLEP specimen weight was associated with decreased odds of prostate cancer (p<0.001). Men older than 80 had 20% predicted probability of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Seventy-eight percent of prostate cancer cases were Gleason 6 or less. The pre-HoLEP PSA was associated with increased adjusted odds of intermediate- or high-grade prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer identified by HoLEP is not uncommon, but is generally a low-risk disease. Older patients with smaller prostate glands have the highest odds of prostate cancer identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Bhojani
- 1 Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada
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De Nunzio C, Brassetti A, Gacci M, Finazzi Agrò E, Carini M, Presicce F, Tubaro A. Patients With Prostatic Inflammation Undergoing Transurethral Prostatic Resection Have a Larger Early Improvement of Storage Symptoms. Urology 2015; 86:359-65. [PMID: 26194294 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prostate inflammation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and postoperative lower urinary tract symptoms in patients treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS From April 2011, a consecutive series of patients treated with TURP were prospectively included in this observational study. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 1 month postoperative with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), including the storage IPSS (sIPSS) and voiding IPSS (vIPSS) subscores, the Overactive Bladder questionnaire (OAB-q), and uroflowmetry. Prostate volume was evaluated at baseline. Complications were classified using the modified Clavien system. TURP specimens were examined to define grade, location, and extent of the inflammatory infiltrate according to the standardized classification system of chronic prostatitis and/or chronic pelvic pain syndrome. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-one subjects were enrolled, in which 54 patients (41.3%) presented with MetS. No differences were observed in terms of preoperative prostate-specific antigen, OAB score, IPSS, vIPSS, sIPSS, Qmax, post void residual, and prostate volume in subjects with and without MetS. An incidence of postoperative complications of 10.6% was recorded: 79% were classified as Clavien type I or II; 21% Clavien IIIb. Of 131 subjects, 97 (74.1%) presented with an inflammatory infiltrate. Patients with MetS presented a high proportion of inflammatory infiltrates compared to patients without MetS (45 of 54; 83% vs 52 of 77; 67%, P = .01). Patients with prostate inflammation presented a 50% risk reduction of postoperative storage urinary symptoms. CONCLUSION We confirmed the association between MetS and prostate inflammation.Patients with inflammatory infiltrates mostly benefit from TURP, particularly regarding storage symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, University "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy.
| | - Aldo Brassetti
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, University "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Gacci
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Enrico Finazzi Agrò
- Department of Urology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, "Tor Vergata" University, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Presicce
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, University "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, University "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
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218
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Anoctamin 1 (TMEM16A) is essential for testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:9722-7. [PMID: 26153424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423827112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by an enlargement of the prostate, causing lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of BPH is unclear. Anoctamin1 (ANO1) encodes a Ca(2+)-activated chloride channel (CaCC) that mediates various physiological functions. Here, we demonstrate that it is essential for testosterone-induced BPH. ANO1 was highly amplified in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated prostate epithelial cells, whereas the selective knockdown of ANO1 inhibited DHT-induced cell proliferation. Three androgen-response elements were found in the ANO1 promoter region, which is relevant for the DHT-dependent induction of ANO1. Administration of the ANO1 blocker or Ano1 small interfering RNA, inhibited prostate enlargement and reduced histological abnormalities in vivo. We therefore concluded that ANO1 is essential for the development of prostate hyperplasia and is a potential target for the treatment of BPH.
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219
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De Nunzio C, Presicce F, Lombardo R, Cancrini F, Petta S, Trucchi A, Gacci M, Cindolo L, Tubaro A. Physical activity as a risk factor for prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective biopsy cohort analysis. BJU Int 2015; 117:E29-35. [PMID: 25908534 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between physical activity, evaluated by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire, and prostate cancer risk in a consecutive series of men undergoing prostate biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHOD From 2011 onwards, consecutive men undergoing 12-core prostate biopsy were enrolled into a prospective database. Indications for a prostatic biopsy were a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value of ≥4 ng/mL and/or a positive digital rectal examination. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumferences were measured before the biopsy. Fasting blood samples were collected before biopsy and tested for: total PSA, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and trygliceride levels. Blood pressure was recorded. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the Adult Treatment panel III. The PASE questionnaire was completed before the biopsy. RESULTS In all, 286 patients were enrolled with a median (interquartile range, IQR) age and PSA level of 68 (62-74) years and 6.1 (5-8.8) ng/mL, respectively. The median (IQR) BMI was 26.4 (24.6-29) kg/m(2) and waist circumference was 102 (97-108) cm, with 75 patients (26%) presenting with MetS. In all, 106 patients (37%) had prostate cancer at biopsy. Patients with prostate cancer had higher PSA levels (median [IQR] 6.7 [5-10] vs 5.6 [4.8-8] ng/mL; P = 0.007) and lower LogPASE scores (median [IQR] 2.03 [1.82-2.18] vs 2.10 [1.92-2.29]; P = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, in addition to well-recognised risk factors such as age, PSA level and prostate volume, LogPASE score was an independent risk factor for prostate cancer diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 0.146, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.037-0.577; P = 0.006]. LogPASE score was also an independent predictor of high-grade cancer (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.006-0.764; P = 0.029). CONCLUSION In our single-centre study, increased physical activity, evaluated by the PASE questionnaire, is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer and of high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy. Further studies should clarify the molecular pathways behind this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Presicce
- Department of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lombardo
- Department of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Cancrini
- Department of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Petta
- Department of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Trucchi
- Department of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Gacci
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Cindolo
- Department of Urology, Padre Pio Hospital, Vasto, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Engelhardt PF, Seklehner S, Brustmann H, Riedl C, Lusuardi L. Tumor necrosis factor-α expression in patients with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia is associated with a higher incidence of asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis NIH category IV and prostatic calcification. Scand J Urol 2015; 49:472-478. [DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2015.1044560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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221
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Bernichtein S, Pigat N, Camparo P, Latil A, Viltard M, Friedlander G, Goffin V. Anti-inflammatory properties of Lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon®) in a mouse model of prostate hyperplasia. Prostate 2015; 75:706-22. [PMID: 25683150 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permixon®, the hexanic lipidosterolic extract of saw palmetto Serenoa repens (LSESr), has shown properties that highlight its benefit in the management of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). To address its actual anti-inflammatory potency, we used a unique pro-inflammatory mouse model of prostate hyperplasia involving prostate-specific over-expression of prolactin transgene (Pb-Prl). METHODS Six month-old Pb-Prl males were administered with Permixon® per os at the daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 28 days. Body and prostate weights were measured weekly and at sacrifice, respectively. Prostate histology was carefully assessed by a pathologist and detailed quantifications of epithelial and stromal compartments were performed using image analysis software. Luminal cell proliferation index was determined using Ki-67 immunostaining, and apoptosis using Bax/Bcl2 mRNA ratio. Tissue inflammation and fibrosis were assessed by histological analyses then quantified using CD45 immunostaining and picrosirius staining, respectively. Expression profiling of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors was performed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS In this model, Permixon® significantly decreased tissue weight and proliferation index specifically in the ventral lobe. Although treatment had no noticeable effect on epithelial histology of any lobe, it markedly reduced the histological hallmarks of inflammation in all lobes. This was confirmed by the global down-regulation of prostate pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, with significant reduction of CCR7, CXCL6, IL-6, and IL-17 expression. CONCLUSIONS In this mouse model of prostate hyperplasia, Permixon® exerted potent anti-inflammatory properties in the whole prostate while anti-androgenic effects were lobe-specific, suggesting that distinct LSESr components may be involved in these effects. Our results support the beneficial role of Permixon® treatment for BPH. The relevance of CCR7, CXCL6, IL-6, and IL-17 as potential biomarkers to follow up BPH inflammatory status needs to be assessed.
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In Vivo Molecular MRI Imaging of Prostate Cancer by Targeting PSMA with Polypeptide-Labeled Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9573-87. [PMID: 25927579 PMCID: PMC4463605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is broadly overexpressed on prostate cancer (PCa) cell surfaces. In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization, in vitro binding assay, and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of PSMA targeting superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). PSMA-targeting polypeptide CQKHHNYLC was conjugated to SPIONs to form PSMA-targeting molecular MRI contrast agents. In vitro studies demonstrated specific uptake of polypeptide-SPIONs by PSMA expressing cells. In vivo MRI studies found that MRI signals in PSMA-expressing tumors could be specifically enhanced with polypeptide-SPION, and further Prussian blue staining showed heterogeneous deposition of SPIONs in the tumor tissues. Taken altogether, we have developed PSMA-targeting polypeptide-SPIONs that could specifically enhance MRI signal in tumor-bearing mice, which might provide a new strategy for the molecular imaging of PCa.
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Prostate Biopsy Markers of Inflammation are Associated with Risk of Clinical Progression of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Findings from the MTOPS Study. J Urol 2015; 194:454-61. [PMID: 25828974 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Factors associated with worsening of benign prostatic hyperplasia are not well understood. We measured inflammatory markers from prostate biopsies to study if inflammation is related to clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured inflammatory cell markers CD45, CD4, CD8 and CD68 in transition zone biopsies from 859 men in the MTOPS biopsy substudy. Using novel imaging techniques we quantified amounts of moderate/severe inflammation. Benign prostatic hyperplasia clinical progression was defined as a confirmed 4-point or greater increase in the AUA symptom score from baseline, or the occurrence of urinary incontinence or acute urinary retention. Baseline clinical parameters including concomitant medication use were determined. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the risk of progression. RESULTS Inflammation as measured by CD45, CD4 and CD68 increased the risk of clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. CD4 showed the highest risk where men in the highest tertile of moderate/severe inflammation were at twice the risk of progression compared to men in the lower 2 tertiles combined (HR 2.03, p=0.001). Inflammation was more strongly associated with progression defined by acute urinary retention or incontinence (HR ranging from 2.39 [CD8, p=0.03] to 3.08 [CD4, p=0.01]) than an AUA symptom score increase (CD4, HR 1.86, p=0.01). Men who reported use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids at baseline tended to be at higher risk for progression. CONCLUSIONS Although our data show that inflammation increases the risk of progression, our findings suggest that inflammation has a greater role in men who have conditions requiring anti-inflammatory medications.
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Inflammation and prostate cancer: friends or foe? Inflamm Res 2015; 64:275-86. [PMID: 25788425 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. Moving from histological observations since a long time, it has been recognized that innate and adaptive immunity actively participates in the pathogenesis, surveillance, and progression of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed and Web of Science databases search was performed for studies providing evidence on the roles of the innate and adaptive immunity during the development and progression of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS There are growing evidences that chronic inflammation is involved in the regulation of cellular events in prostate carcinogenesis, including disruption of the immune response and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the role played by the innate and adaptive immune system in the local progression of prostate cancer, and the prognostic information that we can currently understand and exploit.
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225
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Chu KF, Rotker K, Ellsworth P. The Impact of Obesity on Benign and Malignant Urologic Conditions. Postgrad Med 2015; 125:53-69. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2013.07.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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226
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Funahashi Y, Wang Z, O'Malley KJ, Tyagi P, DeFranco DB, Gingrich JR, Takahashi R, Majima T, Gotoh M, Yoshimura N. Influence of E. coli-induced prostatic inflammation on expression of androgen-responsive genes and transforming growth factor beta 1 cascade genes in rats. Prostate 2015; 75:381-9. [PMID: 25451715 PMCID: PMC4293351 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation is reportedly associated with the development of prostatic hyperplasia. We investigated the effects of prostatic inflammation on expression levels of androgen-responsive genes and growth factors in the rat prostate. METHODS Prostatic inflammation was induced by Escherichia coli (strain 1677) injection (0.2 ml of 1 × 10(8) CFU/ml) into the prostatic urethra of male Sprague-Dawley rats, and ventral lobes of the prostate were harvested on day 84. Rats were given 10 mg/kg celecoxib during the last month in the COX-2 inhibitor treated group. Histopathology and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for inflammation-related proteins were performed. Glandular epithelial cells and stromal regions were separately isolated using laser-capture microdissection (LCM). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to examine mRNA levels of androgen-responsive genes in the epithelium and tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) cascade genes in the stroma. RESULTS Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that mild inflammation was distributed diffusely throughout the prostate. Polymorphonuclear cells infiltrated the slightly edematous stroma, but no morphological changes were observed in the epithelium. Immunohistochemically, expression of androgen receptor and TGF-β1 in addition to IL-6 and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) were enhanced in the E. coli inoculated rats. All of these factors were suppressed in the celecoxib-treated rats. Upregulation of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and RANTES in the E. coli-inoculated rats was normalized by celecoxib treatment. Significant upregulation of androgen receptor and androgen-responsive genes such as Eaf2, ELL2, FKBP5, calreticulin, and ornithine decarboxylase was observed in the LCM-dissected epithelium. Also TGF-β1 and its downstream cascade genes such as Hic-5, collagen 1, and fibronectin were upregulated significantly in the LCM-dissected stroma. The COX-2 inhibitor treatment suppressed upregulation of these genes. CONCLUSIONS Prostatic inflammation changed the expression of androgen-responsive genes in the epithelium and TGF-β1 cascade genes in the stroma. Activation of TGF-β1 cascade genes in the inflamed stroma, as well as altered androgen-responsive gene expression in the epithelium, might be involved in the development of BPH. Prostate 75:381-389, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Funahashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Lee HN, Kim TH, Lee SJ, Cho WY, Shim BS. Effects of prostatic inflammation on LUTS and alpha blocker treatment outcomes. Int Braz J Urol 2015; 40:356-66. [PMID: 25010301 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.03.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between prostatic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and to identify the effects of prostatic inflammation on the treatment with an alpha blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS 111 Participants who were aged ≥ 50 years, the presence of LUTS (maximal flow rate < 20 m/s, IPSS ≥ 11), and an elevated PSA level (3-20 ng/mL) were treated with tamsulosin 0.2mg once daily for 3 months after prostate biopsies. Prostatic inflammation was scored as none (0), mild (I), moderate (II), or marked (III). LUTS parameters including urine flow rates, IPSS, PSA, and prostate volume were evaluated. RESULTS Inflammation grading resulted in 25, 60, and 26 patients that were grade 0, I, and II, respectively. Lower grade inflammation was related to higher urine flow rate at baseline. Patients with higher inflammation grades had larger prostate volumes, larger total and transitional zone volumes, and higher PSA levels. Overall, urine flow rates and residual urine volume were improved after 3 months of alpha blocker therapy. Eighty percent of patients with grade 0 inflammation, 73% of patients with grade I inflammation, and 92.3% of patients with grade II inflammation showed improvement of LUTS after treatment. Longer duration of treatment was related to a decreased chance of improvement of LUTS. Patients with increased IPSS voiding subscales could be predictive of improvement of LUTS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with high grade inflammation had lower flow rates and higher prostatic volumes than patients with low grade inflammation. Inflammation grade did not affect the outcomes of alpha blocker treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Na Lee
- Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University Medical Center Seoul Seonam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoung Kim
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Sun-Ju Lee
- Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Yeol Cho
- Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Suk Shim
- Ewha Womans University Mok-dong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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228
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Smolski M, Turo R, Whiteside S, Bromage S, Collins GN. Prevalence of prostatic calcification subtypes and association with prostate cancer. Urology 2015; 85:178-81. [PMID: 25530382 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and to classify prostatic calcification on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and correlate the findings with histology. METHODS A prospective, blinded study of men undergoing TRUS and prostatic biopsy was designed. A standardized reproducible technique was used with a BK 7.5- to 12.5-MHz multiplanar probe. Representative images of the calcification in the sagittal and transverse planes were captured. Blind analysis by an experienced observer was performed. TRUS findings were categorized using a novel classification and correlated with histologic data. RESULTS A total of 274 patients (58.8%) had prostate cancer, 88 patients (18.9%) inflammation, and 104 patients (22.3%) had benign pathology. Interface calcification was present in 42.3% of patients. Peripheral or transitional zone calcification was unusual (6.8% and 9.0%, respectively). Of the peripheral zone calcification group patients, 78.1% had cancer on histology examination (P = .020). CONCLUSION Prevalence and characteristics of prostatic calcification have been described using this novel and practical classification. Although interface calcification is common and not associated with any particular pathology, peripheral zone calcification appears to be strongly associated with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Smolski
- Department of Urology, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, United Kingdom.
| | - Rafal Turo
- Department of Urology, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrid Whiteside
- Medical Statistic Department, The University of Manchester, Wythenshave Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Bromage
- Department of Urology, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald N Collins
- Department of Urology, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, United Kingdom
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229
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Early Growth Response 3 regulates genes of inflammation and directly activates IL6 and IL8 expression in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:755-64. [PMID: 25633035 PMCID: PMC4333488 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcription factor EGR3 (Early Growth Response 3) is a little-studied member of the EGR family that is highly expressed in human prostate tumours compared with normal tissue. Its function in prostate cancer, however, is unknown. Methods: Stable shRNA silencing was achieved in naturally overexpressing prostate cancer cells, followed by Affymetrix expression analysis. Fold changes of ⩾2 and ⩽−2 were considered valid and t-tests P-values of ⩽0.01 were considered statistically significant. Potential EGR3 target genes were validated by real-time qPCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gain-of-function experiments. Promoter analysis confirmed the presence of consensus binding sites in the promoters of target genes. Results: Early Growth Response 3 regulates the expression of ∼330 genes, 35% of which are involved in immune responses and inflammatory processes, and 15% crosstalk with the NF-κB signalling pathway. In particular, EGR3 induces the expression of over 50 secreted cytokines, growth factors, and matrix remodelling factors. Two interleukins of great relevance to prostate cancer, IL6 and IL8, were further validated as EGR3 target genes: both promoters contain EGR consensus binding sites and are pulled down in intact cells by EGR3 chromatin immunoprecipitation. Silencing of EGR3 decreased IL6 and IL8 expression, whereas overexpression of EGR3 in nontransformed cells induced IL6 and IL8 expression. Conclusions: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in prostate cancer and elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL8 and IL6, in particular, contributes to disease progression and to the onset of castration resistance. It is shown for the first time that EGR3 is involved in the upregulation of both IL6 and IL8. Together with our previous observation that EGR3 is highly expressed in prostate tumours compared with normal tissue and strongly correlates with IL6 and IL8 expression in clinical samples, the present study suggests that EGR3 promotes excessive production of IL6 and IL8 observed during the progression of prostate cancer.
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230
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Lycopene induce apoptosis in human prostate cells and alters the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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231
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Ito H, Yokoyama O. Metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:330-335. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i3.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, clinical and epidemiologic data indicating the involvement of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the pathogenesis and progression of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are reported. This review evaluates the reports on the influence of MetS in the development and progression of LUTS/BPH, and discusses possible clinical implications for the management and treatment of this disease. Recent studies on the epidemiological relationship between MetS and LUTS hypothesize that MetS may be associated with an overactivity of the autonomic nervous system for which hyperinsulinemia, a key element of the MetS, might be responsible. An alternative explanation is that LUTS are associated with chronic ischemia of pelvis resulting from atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels, which leads the production of reactive oxygen species, which can damage the bladder detrusor. Control of autonomic nervous system overactivity and control of chronic bladder ischemia have potential as new targets for LUTS treatment. Studies suggest an association of MetS with LUTS/BPH, although further research is needed to understand how MetS influences LUTS/BPH. MetS should be considered a new domain in basic and clinical research in patients with LUTS/BPH and as a target for treatment.
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232
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Lei Y, Liu D, Ren X, Chen J. Potential of grape seed-derived polyphenols extract for protection against testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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233
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Engelhardt PF, Seklehner S, Brustmann H, Lusuardi L, Riedl CR. Immunohistochemical expression of interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Association with asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis NIH category IV. Scand J Urol 2014; 49:120-6. [DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2014.971427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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234
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The Impact of the Use of Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on the Risk of Prostate Cancer Detection on Biopsy. Urology 2014; 84:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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235
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Metabolic Syndrome and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients With Benign Prostatic Enlargement: A Possible Link to Storage Symptoms. Urology 2014; 84:1181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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236
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Ficarra V, Rossanese M, Zazzara M, Giannarini G, Abbinante M, Bartoletti R, Mirone V, Scaglione F. The Role of Inflammation in Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Its Potential Impact on Medical Therapy. Curr Urol Rep 2014; 15:463. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-014-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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237
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Ness N, Andersen S, Valkov A, Nordby Y, Donnem T, Al-Saad S, Busund LT, Bremnes RM, Richardsen E. Infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes is an independent prognostic factor of biochemical failure-free survival in prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:1452-61. [PMID: 25111810 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The adaptive immune system can potentially have dual roles in cancer development and progression by contributing to or suppressing tumor progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of adaptive immune cells residing in different tumor compartments in prostate cancer. METHODS Tissue microarrays from 535 patients were constructed from viable and representative tumor epithelial and stromal areas of primary PC tumors, as well as from normal epithelial and stromal areas. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the density of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ lymphocytes in both tumor epithelial and tumor stromal areas. RESULTS In univariate analysis, a high density of CD3+ (P = 0.037) and CD8+ lymphocytes (P = 0.010) in tumor epithelial areas was associated with significantly shorter biochemical failure-free survival. When analyzing both tumor epithelial and stromal tissue compartments as one entity, similar relationships were observed for CD3+ (P = 0.046), CD4+ (P = 0.026), and CD8+ (P = 0.003) lymphocytes. In multivariate analysis, high densities of CD8+ lymphocytes limited to tumor epithelial areas (HR = 1.45, P = 0.032), as well as in the total tumor tissue (HR = 1.57, P = 0.007), were independent negative prognostic factors for biochemical failure-free survival. CONCLUSIONS A high density of CD8+ lymphocytes, especially in tumor epithelial areas, is an independent negative prognostic factor for biochemical failure-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ness
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso
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238
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Osman E, Gomha MA, Harb A, Aldayel A, Aloraifi I, Almousa R, Khan I. An early-detection programme for prostate cancer in Saudi men: A call from a tertiary-care centre in the Eastern province. Arab J Urol 2014; 12:187-91. [PMID: 26019947 PMCID: PMC4435655 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the mode of presentation and clinical course of patients with prostate cancer during a specified period, as the detection rate is tending to increase, with most patients presenting at an advanced stage, and yet the overall incidence and prevalence rates are low. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all aspects of care for patients who were diagnosed between May 2006 and July 2010. RESULTS In all, 76 men had a histologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between May 2006 and July 2010 (mean age 71.1 years, SD 8). The median (range) prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis was 52 (1.2-16,230) ng/mL. Of the patients, 74% had a Gleason grade of ⩾ 7 on diagnosis, and 64% had extraprostatic disease on presentation. Active surveillance was adopted in four patients, and four others were maintained on watchful waiting. Six patients had a radical prostatectomy, in one of whom it was a salvage procedure. Six patients received external-beam radical radiotherapy, five of whom had neoadjuvant, concurrent and adjuvant hormonal therapy. All remaining patients were treated primarily with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Of the patients on hormonal manipulation, in 56% the cancer became castrate-resistant within the mean (SD) follow-up of 17.2 (15) months. Of patients treated primarily with ADT, 34% died. The death rate among the whole group was 23%. Both percentages include both prostate cancer-specific and non-specific mortality. CONCLUSION An advanced stage of disease at presentation mandates an early-detection, hospital-based screening programme. Further research should include many more patients and be based in several centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsawi Osman
- Urology Department, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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239
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Porcaro AB, Novella G, Molinari A, Terrin A, Minja A, De Marco V, Martignoni G, Brunelli M, Cerruto MA, Curti P, Cavalleri S, Artibani W. Prostate volume index and chronic inflammation of the prostate type IV with respect to the risk of prostate cancer. Urol Int 2014; 94:270-85. [PMID: 25170543 DOI: 10.1159/000362176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (PCA) alter the normal growth patterns of zonal anatomy with changes of prostate volume (PV). Chronic inflammatory infiltrates (CII) type IV are the most common non-cancer diagnosis of the prostate after biopsy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of both PV index (PVI), i.e. the ratio of transitional zone volume (TZV) to peripheral zone volume (PZV), and CII with PCA in patients undergoing biopsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Between January 2007 and December 2008, 268 consecutive patients who underwent prostate biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. PV and TZV were measured by transrectal ultrasound. PZV was computed by subtracting the PV from the TZV. CII were evaluated according to standard criteria. Significant associations of PVI and the presence of CII (CII+) with PCA risk were assessed by statistical methods. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We evaluated 251 patients after excluding cases with painful rectal examinations, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 μg/ml and metastases. The PCA detection rate was 41.1%. PVI was a negative independent predictor of PCA. A PVI ≤1.0 was directly [odds ratio (OR) = 2.36] associated with PCA, which was detected more frequently in patients with a PVI ≤1.0 (29.1%) than in those with a PVI >1.0 (11.9%). CII+ was inversely (OR = 0.57) and independently associated with PCA, which was detected less frequently in cases with CII (9.9%) than in those without CII (21.1%). Potential study limitations might relate to the fact that PV was not measured by prostatectomy specimens and there was PSA confounding for CII and PCA. CONCLUSIONS Low values of PVI are directly associated with risk of PCA, which was almost 2.5 times higher in patients with a PVI ≤1.0. The PVI might be an effective parameter for clustering patients at risk of PCA. CII+ was inversely associated with risk of PCA and decreased the probability of detecting PCA by 43%. The role of the PVI and CII in PCA carcinogenesis needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio B Porcaro
- Urology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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240
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Tanik S, Albayrak S, Zengin K, Borekci H, Bakirtas H, Imamoglu MA, Gurdal M. Is the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio an Indicator of Progression in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6375-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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241
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Veitonmäki T, Murtola TJ, Määttänen L, Taari K, Stenman UH, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A. Prostate cancer risk and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1421-31. [PMID: 25010865 PMCID: PMC4183838 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk remains controversial. We examined the risk among NSAID users in 78 615 men in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: We obtained information on NSAID prescription usage from Finnish nationwide prescription database and on over-the-counter use by a questionnaire. Prostate cancer cases were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Results: Prostate cancer risk was elevated among current NSAID prescription users irrespective of screening (hazard ratio (HR)=1.45, confidence interval (95% CI)=1.33–1.59 and HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.58–1.86 in the screening and control arm, respectively), but not for previous use of NSAIDs. The risk increase was similar among coxib and acetaminophen current users, and stronger for metastatic prostate cancer (HR=2.41, 95% CI=1.59–3.67 and HR=3.44, 95% CI=2.60–4.55 in the screening and control arm, respectively). Previous use of NSAIDs, aspirin use and over-the-counter NSAID usage were not associated with prostate cancer. Conclusions: Differing association for current and previous use suggests that the risk increase is unlikely to be directly caused by the medication, but may be due to the conditions indicating NSAID prescription usage, such as symptoms of undiagnosed prostate cancer. To reduce inconsistency between the study outcomes, future epidemiological studies on NSAID use and prostate cancer risk should assess the indications for NSAID usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Veitonmäki
- 1] Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland [2] School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - T J Murtola
- 1] Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland [2] School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - L Määttänen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Pieni Roobertinkatu 9, 00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Taari
- 1] Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Sairaalakatu 1, 01400 Vantaa, Finland [2] School of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - U-H Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T L J Tammela
- 1] Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland [2] School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - A Auvinen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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242
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Soki FN, Koh AJ, Jones JD, Kim YW, Dai J, Keller ET, Pienta KJ, Atabai K, Roca H, McCauley LK. Polarization of prostate cancer-associated macrophages is induced by milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8)-mediated efferocytosis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24560-72. [PMID: 25006249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.571620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells secrete factors that modulate macrophage activation and polarization into M2 type tumor-associated macrophages, which promote tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. The mechanisms that mediate this polarization are not clear. Macrophages are phagocytic cells that participate in the clearance of apoptotic cells, a process known as efferocytosis. Milk fat globule- EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a bridge protein that facilitates efferocytosis and is associated with suppression of proinflammatory responses. This study investigated the hypothesis that MFG-E8-mediated efferocytosis promotes M2 polarization. Tissue and serum exosomes from prostate cancer patients presented higher levels of MFG-E8 compared with controls, a novel finding in human prostate cancer. Coculture of macrophages with apoptotic cancer cells increased efferocytosis, elevated MFG-E8 protein expression levels, and induced macrophage polarization into an alternatively activated M2 phenotype. Administration of antibody against MFG-E8 significantly attenuated the increase in M2 polarization. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation using the inhibitor Stattic decreased efferocytosis and M2 macrophage polarization in vitro, with a correlating increase in SOCS3 protein expression. Moreover, MFG-E8 knockdown tumor cells cultured with wild-type or MFG-E8-deficient macrophages resulted in increased SOCS3 expression with decreased STAT3 activation. This suggests that SOCS3 and phospho-STAT3 act in an inversely dependent manner when stimulated by MFG-E8 and efferocytosis. These results uncover a unique role of efferocytosis via MFG-E8 as a mechanism for macrophage polarization into tumor-promoting M2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana N Soki
- From the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Amy J Koh
- From the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jacqueline D Jones
- From the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yeo Won Kim
- From the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jinlu Dai
- the Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Evan T Keller
- the Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, and
| | - Kamran Atabai
- the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Hernan Roca
- From the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- From the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
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243
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Prevalence of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on autopsy in Asian and Caucasian men. Eur Urol 2014; 66:619-22. [PMID: 25012523 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Inflammation has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We studied the prevalence of inflammation and BPH in Asian and Caucasian men on prostate glands (n=320) obtained during autopsy in Moscow, Russia (Caucasian men, n=220), and Tokyo, Japan (Asian men, n=100). We correlated the presence and grade of acute inflammation (AI) or chronic inflammation (CI) and BPH. AI, CI, and histologic BPH were analyzed in a blinded fashion using a grading system (0-3). We used the Cochran-Armitage test for associations between the degree of BPH and clinical variables and proportional odds logistic regression models in multivariable analysis. Histologic BPH was observed in a similar proportion of Asian and Caucasian men (p=0.94). CI was found in>70% of men in both the Asian and Caucasian groups (p>0.05). Higher BPH scores were associated with more CI (p<0.001). In multivariate analyses, individuals with CI were 6.8 times more likely to have a higher BPH score than individuals without (p<0.0001). Men included in this study presented at the hospital and their symptomatic status was not known. The prevalence of CI and BPH on autopsy is similar in Asian and Caucasian men despite very different diet and lifestyle. CI is strongly associated in both groups with BPH. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study, we looked at the prevalence of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on autopsy in Asian and Caucasian men. We found chronic inflammation in>70% of men on autopsy. More chronic inflammation was associated with more BPH.
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244
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Johnson IR, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Butler LM, Brooks DA. Prostate cell lines as models for biomarker discovery: performance of current markers and the search for new biomarkers. Prostate 2014; 74:547-60. [PMID: 24435746 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer cell lines have been used in the search for biomarkers that are suitable for prostate cancer diagnosis. Unfortunately, many cell line studies have only involved single cell lines, partially characterized cell lines or were performed without controls, and this may have been detrimental to effective biomarker discovery. We have analyzed a panel of prostate cancer and nonmalignant control cell lines using current biomarkers and then investigated a set of prospective endosomal and lysosomal proteins to search for new biomarkers. METHODS Western blotting was used to define the amount of protein and specific molecular forms in cell extracts and culture media from a panel of nonmalignant (RWPE-1, PNT1a, PNT2) and prostate cancer (22RV1, CaHPV10, DU-145, LNCaP) cell lines. Gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS HPV-18 transfected cell lines displayed a different pattern of protein and gene expression when compared to the other cell lines examined, suggesting that these cell lines may not be the most optimal for prostate cancer biomarker discovery. There was an increased amount of prostatic acid phosphatase and kallikrein proteins in LNCaP cell extracts and culture media, but variable amounts of these proteins in other prostate cancer cell lines. There were minimal differences in the amounts of lysosomal proteins detected in prostate cancer cells and culture media, but two endosomal proteins, cathepsin B and acid ceramidase, had increased gene and protein expression, and certain molecular forms showed increased secretion from prostate cancer cells (P ≤ 0.05). LIMP-2 gene and protein expression was significantly increased in prostate cancer compared to nonmalignant cell lines (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS While the existing prostate cancer biomarkers and lysosomal proteins investigated here were not able to specifically differentiate between a panel of nonmalignant and prostate cancer cell lines, endosomal proteins showed some discriminatory capacity. LIMP-2 is a critical regulator of endosome biogenesis and the increased expression observed in prostate cancer cells indicated that other endosome related proteins may also be upregulated and could be investigated as novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the exclusion of non-melanomatous skin malignancy, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer in men globally. It has been reported that the majority of men will develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by the time they reach their 60s. Together, these prostatic diseases have a significant morbidity and mortality affecting over a billion men throughout the world. The risk of developing prostate cancer of men suffering BPH is one that has resulted in a healthy debate amongst the urological community. Here, we try to address this conundrum with clinical and basic science evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from an online search and contemporary data presented at international urological congresses was reviewed. RESULTS BPH and PCa can be linked together at a molecular and cellular level on genetic, hormonal, and inflammatory platforms suggesting that these prostatic diseases have common pathophysiological driving factors. Epidemiological studies are weighted towards the presence of BPH having a greater risk for a man to develop PCa in his lifetime; however, a conclusion of causality cannot be confidently stated. CONCLUSION The future workload healthcare practitioners will face regarding BPH, and PCa will substantially increase. Further basic science and large epidemiological studies using a global cohort of men are required prior to the urological community confidently counseling their patients with BPH with regards to their PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Miah
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - James Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, United Kingdom
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246
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Immunomodulatory effect of red onion (Allium cepa Linn) scale extract on experimentally induced atypical prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:640746. [PMID: 24829522 PMCID: PMC4009127 DOI: 10.1155/2014/640746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Red onion scales (ROS) contain large amounts of flavonoids that are responsible for the reported antioxidant activity, immune enhancement, and anticancer property. Atypical prostatic hyperplasia (APH) was induced in adult castrated Wistar rats by both s.c. injection of testosterone (0.5 mg/rat/day) and by smearing citral on shaved skin once every 3 days for 30 days. Saw palmetto (100 mg/kg) as a positive control and ROS suspension at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day were given orally every day for 30 days. All medications were started 7 days after castration and along with testosterone and citral. The HPLC profile of ROS methanolic extract displayed two major peaks identified as quercetin and quercetin-4′-β-O-D-glucoside. Histopathological examination of APH-induced prostatic rats revealed evidence of hyperplasia and inflammation with cellular proliferation and reduced apoptosis Immunohistochemistry showed increased tissue expressions of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IGF-1, and clusterin, while TGF-β1 was decreased, which correlates with the presence of inflammation. Both saw palmetto and RO scale treatment have ameliorated these changes. These ameliorative effects were more evident in RO scale groups and were dose dependent. In conclusion, methanolic extract of ROS showed a protective effect against APH induced rats that may be attributed to potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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247
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Senescent remodeling of the innate and adaptive immune system in the elderly men with prostate cancer. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2014; 2014:478126. [PMID: 24772169 PMCID: PMC3977481 DOI: 10.1155/2014/478126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite years of intensive investigation that has been made in understanding prostate cancer, it remains a major cause of death in men worldwide. Prostate cancer emerges from multiple alterations that induce changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins that function in networks controlling critical cellular events. Based on the exponential aging of the population and the increasing life expectancy in industrialized Western countries, prostate cancer in the elderly men is becoming a disease of increasing significance. Aging is a progressive degenerative process strictly integrated with inflammation. Several theories have been proposed that attempt to define the role of chronic inflammation in aging including redox stress, mitochondrial damage, immunosenescence, and epigenetic modifications. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune systems and their senescent remodeling in elderly men with prostate cancer.
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248
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Gacci M, Baldi E, Tamburrino L, Detti B, Livi L, De Nunzio C, Tubaro A, Gravas S, Carini M, Serni S. Quality of Life and Sexual Health in the Aging of PCa Survivors. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:470592. [PMID: 24744780 PMCID: PMC3976934 DOI: 10.1155/2014/470592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in elderly men. The progressive ageing of the world male population will further increase the need for tailored assessment and treatment of PCa patients. The determinant role of androgens and sexual hormones for PCa growth and progression has been established. However, several trials on androgens and PCa are recently focused on urinary continence, quality of life, and sexual function, suggesting a new point of view on the whole endocrinological aspect of PCa. During aging, metabolic syndrome, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, can be associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammation of the prostate and with changes in the sex steroid pathways. These factors may affect both the carcinogenesis processes and treatment outcomes of PCa. Any treatment for PCa can have a long-lasting negative impact on quality of life and sexual health, which should be assessed by validated self-reported questionnaires. In particular, sexual health, urinary continence, and bowel function can be worsened after prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or hormone treatment, mostly in the elderly population. In the present review we summarized the current knowledge on the role of hormones, metabolic features, and primary treatments for PCa on the quality of life and sexual health of elderly Pca survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gacci
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Gramsci 7, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Tamburrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Radiotherapy, University Hospital Careggi, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Radiotherapy, University Hospital Careggi, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stavros Gravas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Gramsci 7, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Gramsci 7, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Protective effects of grape seed-derived procyanidin extract against carrageenan-induced abacterial prostatitis in rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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250
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Bardan R, Dumache R, Dema A, Cumpanas A, Bucuras V. The role of prostatic inflammation biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate diseases. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:909-15. [PMID: 24560954 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are chronic conditions, which are hormone-dependent and epidemiologically associated with prostate inflammation. As a large number of studies have demonstrated, the stimulation of T-cells at the level of prostatic chronic inflammatory infiltrates is followed by stromal and epithelial cell proliferation. The aim of this review is to present the actual level of knowledge in the field of prostatic immune response and chronic inflammation, and to analyze the relationships between chronic inflammation and BPH/PCa. The most studied prostatic inflammation biomarkers detected in biological fluids are also presented, together with their potential roles in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Bardan
- Department of Urology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Raluca Dumache
- Department of Biochemistry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alis Dema
- Department of Pathology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alin Cumpanas
- Department of Urology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Viorel Bucuras
- Department of Urology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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