201
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Watanabe H, Konno M, Fujita Y, Kurihara S, Todokoro K, Hagiwara M, Yamamoto K, Sakamoto H, Takenaka M, Hosono M. [Measurement as a Personal Dose Equivalent of X-ray Room Scattered Dose in ERCP Inspection]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2022; 78:364-371. [PMID: 35296572 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2022-1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the revised Regulation on Prevention of Ionizing Radiation Hazards (April 2020), the equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye was lowered to "100 mSv in 5 years and 50 mSv in 1 year." It is necessary to reduce occupational exposure in the healthcare sector. The purpose of this study was to facilitate comparison with the equivalent dose limit in an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination by measuring the scattered dose in an X-ray room as an individual dose equivalent. METHODS The scattered dose was measured by dosimeters positioned in a grid pattern in the X-ray room. The dose rate was measured with and without the use of a protective cloth (0.25 mm Pb equivalent) suspended around the X-ray tube extending to the patient. The dose reduction rate of the material was evaluated during the simulated ERCP. RESULTS The maximum dose rate at the position of the surgeon performing an ERCP inspection in the standing position was 2.9 mSv/h (3 mm dose equivalent rate) at 150 cm from the ground. The number of ERCP examinations to comply with the equivalent dose limit of the equivalent dose of the lens of the eye without the protective cloth was 28 per year. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that individual dose equivalent measurements in the X-ray clinic may facilitate comparison with the equivalent dose limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- School of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University (Current address: Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Technology, Gunma Paz University).,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University
| | - Masaya Konno
- School of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University (Current address: Central Radiation Department, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety)
| | - Yuka Fujita
- School of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University
| | - Sho Kurihara
- School of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University (Current address: Department of Radiology, Central Medical Treatment Department, Kan-etsu Hospital)
| | - Kana Todokoro
- School of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University (Current address: Department of Radiology, New Tokyo Hospital)
| | - Miki Hagiwara
- School of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University
| | | | - Hajime Sakamoto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Juntendo University
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
| | - Makoto Hosono
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
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202
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Azizova TV, Bannikova MV, Grigoryeva ES, Briks KV, Hamada N. Mortality from various diseases of the circulatory system in the Russian Mayak nuclear worker cohort: 1948-2018. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:021511. [PMID: 35023506 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac4ae3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the findings from the study of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) in Russian nuclear workers of the Mayak Production Association (22 377 individuals, 25.4% female) who were hired at the facility between 1948 and 1982 and followed up until the end of 2018. Using the AMFIT module of the EPICURE software, relative risks (RRs) and excess RRs per unit absorbed dose (ERR/Gy) for the entire Mayak cohort, the subcohort of workers who were residents of the dormitory town of Ozyorsk and the subcohort of migrants from Ozyorsk were calculated based on maximum likelihood. The mean cumulative liver absorbed gamma-ray dose from external exposure was 0.45 (0.65) Gy (mean (standard deviation)) for men and 0.37 (0.56) Gy for women. The mean cumulative liver absorbed alpha dose from internal exposure to incorporated plutonium was 0.18 (0.65) Gy for men and 0.40 (1.92) Gy for women. By the end of the follow-up, 6019 deaths with DCS as the main cause of death were registered among Mayak Production Association workers (including 3828 deaths in the subcohort of residents and 2191 deaths in the subcohort of migrants) over 890 132 (622 199/267 933) person-years of follow-up. The linear model that took into account non-radiation factors (sex, attained age, calendar period, smoking status and alcohol drinking status) and alpha radiation dose (via adjusting) did not demonstrate significant associations of mortality from DCS, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease with gamma-ray exposure dose in the entire cohort, the resident subcohort or the migrant subcohort (either in men or women). For the subcohort of residents, a significant association with gamma dose was observed for mortality from ischaemic stroke in men with ERR/Gy = 0.43 (95% CI 0.08; 0.99); there were no significant associations with liver absorbed gamma dose for any other considered outcomes. As for internal exposure, for men no significant associations of mortality from any DCS with liver absorbed alpha dose were observed, but for women positive associations were found for mortality from DCS (the entire cohort and the resident subcohort) and IHD (the entire cohort). No significant associations of mortality from various types of DCS with neutron dose were observed either in men or women, although neutron absorbed doses were recorded in only 18% of the workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V Azizova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Maria V Bannikova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S Grigoryeva
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Ksenia V Briks
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
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203
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Belotta AF, Mayer MN, Waldner CL, Sidhu NP, Robinson KA, Carmalt JL, Freitas FP, Koehncke NK. X-ray tube operators can be exposed to equal or higher scattered radiation doses to the hand as cassette holders during diagnostic radiographic procedures of the equine vertebral column and limbs. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:412-418. [PMID: 35239505 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to investigate scattered radiation doses to the hands of equine workers holding the cassette and the x-ray tube by hand, for both limb and vertebral column studies, and to compare the scattered radiation attenuation of lead with radiation protection lead-free gloves. Radiation doses to the hands of the cassette holder in the primary beam were also investigated. SAMPLE A whole-body horse cadaver. PROCEDURES A portable x-ray unit was used to simulate 6 radiographic study types in the horse cadaver. Doses were measured with no shielding and, for cassette holders, with the ion chamber enclosed in a lead glove and a lead-free glove. Thirty exposures were performed for each study view and condition (n = 1,920). RESULTS Mean scattered doses to x-ray unit operators were higher than doses to cassette holders for ungula (hoof), thoracic vertebrae, and lumbar vertebrae studies, whereas doses to cassette holders were higher than doses to x-ray tube operators for studies of the metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) and tarsus (hock). Doses did not differ for the stifle joint. Mean percentage decrease in scattered radiation dose was 99.58% with lead gloves and 98.9% with lead-free gloves. CLINICAL RELEVANCE X-ray tube operators can be exposed to equal or higher scattered radiation doses to the hand as cassette holders. Lead-free hand shielding should only be considered as an alternative to lead gloves if their lighter weight increases frequency of use by workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Belotta
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Monique N Mayer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Waldner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Kate A Robinson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - James L Carmalt
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Fernando P Freitas
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Niels K Koehncke
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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204
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Measurement of neutron equivalent dose in the thyroid, chiasma, and lens for patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy: A phantom study. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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205
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Azizova TV, Moseeva MB, Grigoryeva ES, Hamada N. Incidence risks for cerebrovascular diseases and types of stroke in a cohort of Mayak PA workers. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:5-16. [PMID: 35182179 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Incidence risks for cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) and some types of stroke in a cohort of 22,377 Russian Mayak nuclear workers chronically exposed to ionising radiation and followed up until the end of 2018 are reported. Among total 9469 cases of CeVD, 2078 cases were strokes that included 262 hemorrhagic strokes (HS) and 1611 ischemic strokes (IS). Data evaluation was performed with categorical and dose-response analyses estimating the relative risk (RR) and excess relative risk (ERR) per unit cumulative liver absorbed dose of external gamma-ray or internal alpha-particle exposure based on a linear model utilizing the AMFIT module of the EPICURE software. CeVD incidence was found to be significantly associated with cumulative radiation dose: ERR/Gy was 0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27, 0.47) in males and 0.47 (95% CI 0.31, 0.66) in females for external exposure, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.11, 0.59) in males and 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.61) in females for internal exposure. When the model for the analysis of external radiation effect did not include an adjustment for alpha radiation dose (and vice versa), the radiogenic risk estimate increased notably both for males and for females. In contrast, exclusion from or inclusion in the model of additional adjustments for non-radiation factors did not notably change the risk estimates. ERR/Gy of external gamma dose for CeVD incidence significantly decreased with increasing attained age (males and females) and duration of employment (females). No significant associations of either stroke or its types with cumulative gamma-ray dose of external exposure or alpha-particle dose of internal exposure were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Ozyorsk, 456780, Russia.
| | - Maria B Moseeva
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Ozyorsk, 456780, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S Grigoryeva
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Ozyorsk, 456780, Russia
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
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206
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Moroi S, Nakashima J, Miyasaka K, Hoshina T, Kato K. [Development of the Radiation Protective Curtain for the Dose Reduction of Caregivers during Computed Tomography Examinations]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2022; 78:140-151. [PMID: 35185093 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.780201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During computed tomography (CT) examinations, it may be necessary to assist the patient to maintain an appropriate body position. However, there is little protective equipment available for caregivers who approach the gantry. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel radiation protective curtains in reducing radiation exposure to caregivers while assisting patients, especially during CT examinations of the head. METHOD The absorbed dose in air around the gantry during CT examinations of the head was measured using glass dosimeters. The measurement points from the center of the gantry were 40 to 120 cm in the front, 0 to 100 cm for each side in the right and left, and 60 to 180 cm from the floor. Measurements were performed at each 20-cm interval, and all points were accumulated 10 times. The absorbed dose in air in a CT room was compared with and without the protective curtains. Next, we assumed the height of the caregiver to be 170 cm, and measured the points for the crystalline lens, chest, and abdomen. Also, using the protective glasses and the protective apron, we measured the absorbed dose in air for the caregivers behind the protective curtains. RESULT The absorbed exposure dose in air toward the crystalline lenses, chest, and abdomen was reduced more than 90% by using the protective curtains and more than 95% by using the protective apron and protective glasses in addition to them. CONCLUSION This study showed the usefulness of protective curtains in reducing the absorbed exposure dose in air to caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoka Moroi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
| | - Junya Nakashima
- Department of Radiological Technology, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Showa University
| | - Koji Miyasaka
- Department of Radiological Technology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital (Current address: Yamato Municipal Hospital)
| | | | - Kyoichi Kato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Showa University.,Department of Radiology, Showa University
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207
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Gerasia R, Cannataci C, Gallo GS, Tafaro C, Maruzzelli L, Cortis K, Miraglia R. LOCAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR PEDIATRIC RETROGRADE WEDGE PORTOGRAPHY INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES USING A DOSE MONITORING SOFTWARE AT A TRANSPLANTATION INSTITUTE. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:100-108. [PMID: 35106583 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for retrograde wedge portography (RWP) performed on pediatric patients assessing the usefulness of radiation dose monitoring software in the establishing process. Between September 2016 and April 2020, 66 consecutive RWP were performed at a transplantation institute and were included in our study. Patients were divided in three groups according to age: n = 25 infants, n = 20 middle childhood and n = 21 early adolescence. The third quartile of both Air Kerma at the reference point (Ka,r) and air kerma-area product (PKA) were evaluated to establish local DRLs (lDRLs). In addition, to control high Ka,r levels during procedures, the software notified to operators if Ka,r exceeded the dose 'alert' threshold set at 2 Gy. lDRLs were established for all three groups using PKA and Ka,r: infant group: 5.6 Gy.cm 2 and 0.034 Gy; middle childhood: 6.4 Gy.cm2 and 0.018 Gy and early adolescence: 12.8 Gy.cm2 and 0.059 Gy. The dose threshold 'alert' was never encountered (alert quota: 0%). The dose monitoring system supports the feasibility of accurate and easier lDRLs' establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gerasia
- Radiology Unit, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, Palermo 90127, Italy
- Italian Association of Interventional Radiographers (AITRI), Via S. Gregorio, 53, Milan 20124, Italy
- Italian Federation of Scientific Radiographers Societies (FASTeR), Via S. Gregorio, 53, Milan 20124, Italy
| | - C Cannataci
- Medical Imaging Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, L-Imsida MSD9032, Malta
| | - G S Gallo
- Radiology Unit, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, Palermo 90127, Italy
- Italian Association of Interventional Radiographers (AITRI), Via S. Gregorio, 53, Milan 20124, Italy
| | - C Tafaro
- Radiology Unit, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, Palermo 90127, Italy
- Italian Association of Interventional Radiographers (AITRI), Via S. Gregorio, 53, Milan 20124, Italy
| | - L Maruzzelli
- Radiology Unit, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - K Cortis
- Medical Imaging Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, L-Imsida MSD9032, Malta
| | - R Miraglia
- Radiology Unit, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, Palermo 90127, Italy
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208
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Hinksman CA, Haylock RGE, Gillies M. Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality after occupational Radiation Exposure among the UK National Registry for Radiation Workers Cohort. Radiat Res 2022; 197:459-470. [PMID: 35139226 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can damage the cerebrovascular system, however there is uncertainty regarding the effects after chronic exposure to low doses of radiation, such as that experienced by the public and those occupationally exposed. This study uses data from the UK National Registry for Radiation Workers cohort to assess the association between low-dose exposure to external radiation and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) mortality. Poisson regression was used to estimate the Excess Relative Risk of CeVD mortality per Sievert (ERR/Sv) of radiation exposure. Estimates were obtained for all CeVD combined, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and other/ill-defined CeVD. Results were adjusted for attained age, calendar period, sex, employer, industrial category and employment length. 166,812 nuclear workers (3,665,413 person-years) were included. By the end of 2011, 23% were dead including 3,219 deaths with an underlying cause of CeVD. The ERR/Sv for all CeVD deaths was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.00, 1.31; p = 0.05). Increased CeVD mortality rates were observed after doses as low as 10-20 mSv. However, a linear-exponential model fit the data significantly better than a linear model (p = 0.02). In the sub-type analyses, no evidence of linear associations were observed, however the patterns of response appeared to differ and there was some suggestion of an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke at lower doses. These results are broadly consistent with other occupational cohort studies and suggest external radiation exposure may increase CeVD risk at lower doses than current ICRP protection guidelines suggest. Exploration of factors driving the observed dose-response shape, the potential impact of the healthy worker survivor effect, and further studies of cohorts with data on other potential confounders would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hinksman
- UK Health Security Agency, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G E Haylock
- UK Health Security Agency, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gillies
- UK Health Security Agency, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
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209
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Fukunaga H, Yokoya A, Prise KM. A Brief Overview of Radiation-Induced Effects on Spermatogenesis and Oncofertility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030805. [PMID: 35159072 PMCID: PMC8834293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spermatogenesis is one of the most important processes for the propagation of life; however, the testes’ ability to form sperm via this differentiation process is highly radiosensitive and easily impacted by exposure to environmental, occupational, or therapeutic radiation. Furthermore, the possibility that radiation effects on the gonads can be passed on from generation to generation should not be overlooked. This review focuses on the radiation-induced effects on spermatogenesis and the transgenerational effects. We also explore the potential of novel radiobiological approaches to improve male fertility preservation during radiotherapy. Abstract The genotoxicity of radiation on germ cells may be passed on to the next generation, thus its elucidation is not only a scientific issue but also an ethical, legal, and social issue in modern society. In this article, we briefly overview the effects of radiation on spermatogenesis and its associated genotoxicity, including the latest findings in the field of radiobiology. The potential role of transgenerational effects is still poorly understood, and further research in this area is desirable. Furthermore, from the perspective of oncofertility, we discuss the historical background and clinical importance of preserving male fertility during radiation treatment and the potential of microbeam radiotherapy. We hope that this review will contribute to stimulating further discussions and investigations for therapies for pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Patrick G Johnstone Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
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210
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King EJ, Viscariello NN, DeWerd LA. Development of Standard X-Ray Beams for Calibration of Radiobiology Cabinet and Conformal Irradiators. Radiat Res 2022; 197:113-121. [PMID: 34634111 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00121.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This work seeks to develop standard X-ray beams that are matched to radiobiology X-ray irradiators. The calibration of detectors used for dose determination of these irradiators is performed with a set of standard X rays that are more heavily filtered and/or lower energy, which leads to a higher uncertainty in the dose measurement. Models of the XRad320, SARRP, and the X-ray tube at the University of Wisconsin Medical Radiation Research Center (UWMRRC) were created using the BEAMnrc user code of the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code system. These models were validated against measurements, and the resultant modeled spectra were used to determine the amount of added filtration needed to match the X-ray beams at the UWMRRC to those of the XRad320 and SARRP. The depth profiles and half-value layer (HVL) simulations performed using BEAMnrc agreed to measurements within 3% and 3.6%, respectively. A primary measurement device, a free-air chamber, was developed to measure air kerma in the medium energy range of X rays. The resultant spectra of the matched beams had HVL's that matched the HVL's of the radiobiology irradiators well within the 3% criteria recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the average energies agreed within 2.4%. In conclusion, three standard X-ray beams were developed at the UWMRRC with spectra that more closely match the spectra of the XRad320 and SARRP radiobiology irradiators, which will aid in a more accurate dose determination during calibration of these irradiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J King
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Larry A DeWerd
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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211
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Nekolla EA, Brix G, Griebel J. Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT: Radiation Risk and Benefit-Risk Assessment for Different Screening Scenarios. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020364. [PMID: 35204455 PMCID: PMC8870982 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a severe disease that affects predominantly smokers and represents a leading cause of cancer death in Europe. Recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can significantly reduce lung cancer mortality in heavy smokers or ex-smokers by about 20% compared to a control group of persons who did not receive LDCT. This benefit must be weighed against adverse health effects associated with LDCT lung screening, in particular radiation risks. For this purpose, representative organ doses were determined for a volume CT dose index of 1 mGy that can be achieved on modern devices. Using these values, radiation risks were estimated for different screening scenarios by means of sex-, organ-, and age-dependent radio-epidemiologic models. In particular, the approach was adjusted to a Western European population. For an annual LDCT screening of (ex-)smokers aged between 50 and 75 years, the estimated radiation-related lifetime attributable risk to develop cancer is below 0.25% for women and about 0.1% for men. Assuming a mortality reduction of about 20% and taking only radiation risks into account, this screening scenario results in a benefit–risk ratio of about 10 for women and about 25 for men. These benefit–risk ratio estimates are based on the results of RCTs of the highest evidence level. To ensure that the benefit outweighs the radiation risk even in standard healthcare, strict conditions and requirements must be established for the entire screening process to achieve a quality level at least as high as that of the considered RCTs.
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212
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Zhou X, Wang H, Li D, Song N, Yang F, Xu W. MST1/2 inhibitor XMU-MP-1 alleviates the injury induced by ionizing radiation in haematopoietic and intestinal system. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1621-1628. [PMID: 35088536 PMCID: PMC8899195 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway has been considered as potential therapeutic target in self‐renewal and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. Thus, mammalian Ste20‐like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) as the core serine‐threonine kinases in the Hippo signalling pathway has been investigated for its role in immunological disease. However, little information of MST1/2 function in bone marrow suppression induced by ionizing radiation was fully investigated. Here, we reported that MST1/2 inhibitor XMU‐MP‐1 could rescue the impaired haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs) function under oxidative stress condition. Also, XMU‐MP‐1 pretreatment markedly alleviated the small intestinal system injury caused by the total body irradiation 9 Gy and extended the average survival days of the mice exposed to the lethal dose radiation. Therefore, irradiation exposure causes the serious pathological changes of haematopoietic and intestinal system, and XMU‐MP‐1 could prevent the ROS production, the haematopoietic cells impairment and the intestinal injury. These detrimental effects may be associated with regulating NOX/ROS/P38MARK pathway by MST1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Naling Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Azizova TV, Bragin EV, Bannikova MV, Hamada N, Grigoryeva ES. The Incidence Risk for Primary Glaucoma and Its Subtypes following Chronic Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in the Russian Cohort of Mayak Nuclear Workers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030602. [PMID: 35158870 PMCID: PMC8833586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and also represents one of the normal tissue complications following radiation therapy involving ocular radiation exposure. It has widely been considered that such secondary glaucoma occurs at fractionated high dose (several tens of Gy). In contrast, this study is the first to report that normal-tension glaucoma (a subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma) occurs in radiation workers at a chronic dose of >1 Gy. Such elevated risk of radiogenic normal-tension glaucoma, if confirmed in other cohorts, has significant implications for normal tissue complications in radiotherapy patients receiving ocular radiation exposure, and for ocular radiation protection in radiation workers. Abstract Secondary glaucoma is a typical normal tissue complication following radiation therapy involving ocular radiation exposure at high fractionated dose (several tens of Gy). In contrast, recent studies in acutely exposed Japanese atomic bomb survivors showed a significantly increased risk for normal-tension glaucoma (NTG, a subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma) at much lower dose, but such information is not available in any other cohorts. We therefore set out to evaluate the incidence of risk for primary glaucoma and its subtypes in a Russian cohort of Mayak Production Association nuclear workers who received chronic radiation exposure over many years. Of these, we found a significantly increased relative risk (RR) of NTG incidence (RR = 1.88 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.01, 3.51; p = 0.047) in workers exposed to gamma rays at cumulative brain absorbed dose above >1 Gy. We observed the linear relationship between NTG incidence and brain absorbed gamma dose with an excess relative risk per unit brain absorbed dose of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.01, 1.68; p < 0.05), but not for any other subtypes nor for total primary glaucoma. Such elevated risk of radiogenic NTG incidence, if confirmed in other cohorts, has significant implications for normal tissue complications in radiotherapy patients receiving ocular radiation exposure, and for ocular radiation protection in radiation workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V. Azizova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), 456780 Ozyorsk, Russia; (E.V.B.); (M.V.B.); (E.S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Evgeny V. Bragin
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), 456780 Ozyorsk, Russia; (E.V.B.); (M.V.B.); (E.S.G.)
| | - Maria V. Bannikova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), 456780 Ozyorsk, Russia; (E.V.B.); (M.V.B.); (E.S.G.)
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo 201-8511, Japan;
| | - Evgeniya S. Grigoryeva
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), 456780 Ozyorsk, Russia; (E.V.B.); (M.V.B.); (E.S.G.)
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Occupational eye dose correlation with neck dose and patient-related quantities in interventional cardiology procedures. Radiol Phys Technol 2022; 15:54-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12194-022-00650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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215
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Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN, Biryukov AP. Hill’s “Biological Plausibility” Criterion: Integration of Data from Various Disciplines for Epidemiology and Radiation Epidemiology. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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216
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Akleev AV, Shaposhnikova IA, Churilova IV, Grebenyuk AN, Pryakhin EA. The Influence of the Superoxide Dismutase Preparation Rexod® on Survival of CFU–S in С57ВL/6 Mice Exposed to Irradiation. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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217
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Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN, Biryukov AP. Hill’s Criterion ‘Experiment’: The Counterfactual Approach in Non-Radiation and Radiation Sciences. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021120062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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218
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Iddins CJ, DiCarlo AL, Ervin MD, Herrera-Reyes E, Goans RE. Cutaneous and local radiation injuries. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:10.1088/1361-6498/ac241a. [PMID: 34488201 PMCID: PMC8785213 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The threat of a large-scale radiological or nuclear (R/N) incident looms in the present-day climate, as noted most recently in an editorial in Scientific American (March 2021). These large-scale incidents are infrequent but affect large numbers of people. Smaller-scale R/N incidents occur more often, affecting smaller numbers of people. There is more awareness of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in the medical community; however, ionising radiation-induced injuries to the skin are much less understood. This article will provide an overview of radiation-induced injuries to the skin, deeper tissues, and organs. The history and nomenclature; types and causes of injuries; pathophysiology; evaluation and diagnosis; current medical management; and current research of the evaluation and management are presented. Cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI) or local radiation injuries (LRI) may lead to cutaneous radiation syndrome, a sub-syndrome of ARS. These injuries may occur from exposure to radioactive particles suspended in the environment (air, soil, water) after a nuclear detonation or an improvised nuclear detonation (IND), a nuclear power plant incident, or an encounter with a radioactive dispersal or exposure device. These incidents may also result in a radiation-combined injury; a chemical, thermal, or traumatic injury, with radiation exposure. Skin injuries from medical diagnostic and therapeutic imaging, medical misadministration of nuclear medicine or radiotherapy, occupational exposures (including research) to radioactive sources are more common but are not the focus of this manuscript. Diagnosis and evaluation of injuries are based on the scenario, clinical picture, and dosimetry, and may be assisted through advanced imaging techniques. Research-based multidisciplinary therapies, both in the laboratory and clinical trial environments, hold promise for future medical management. Great progress is being made in recognising the extent of injuries, understanding their pathophysiology, as well as diagnosis and management; however, research gaps still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Iddins
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark D Ervin
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | | | - Ronald E Goans
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
- MJW Corporation, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
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Vigneux G, Pirkkanen J, Laframboise T, Prescott H, Tharmalingam S, Thome C. Radiation-Induced Alterations in Proliferation, Migration, and Adhesion in Lens Epithelial Cells and Implications for Cataract Development. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:29. [PMID: 35049738 PMCID: PMC8772889 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lens of the eye is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Although the exact mechanism of radiation-induced cataract development remains unknown, altered proliferation, migration, and adhesion have been proposed as factors. Lens epithelial cells were exposed to X-rays (0.1-2 Gy) and radiation effects were examined after 12 h and 7 day. Proliferation was quantified using an MTT assay, migration was measured using a Boyden chamber and wound-healing assay, and adhesion was assessed on three extracellular matrices. Transcriptional changes were also examined using RT-qPCR for a panel of genes related to these processes. In general, a nonlinear radiation response was observed, with the greatest effects occurring at a dose of 0.25 Gy. At this dose, a reduction in proliferation occurred 12 h post irradiation (82.06 ± 2.66%), followed by an increase at 7 day (116.16 ± 3.64%). Cell migration was increased at 0.25 Gy, with rates 121.66 ± 6.49% and 232.78 ± 22.22% greater than controls at 12 h and 7 day respectively. Cell adhesion was consistently reduced above doses of 0.25 Gy. Transcriptional alterations were identified at these same doses in multiple genes related to proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Overall, this research began to elucidate the functional changes that occur in lens cells following radiation exposure, thereby providing a better mechanistic understanding of radiation-induced cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graysen Vigneux
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (G.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Jake Pirkkanen
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Taylor Laframboise
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Hallie Prescott
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (G.V.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Nuclear Innovation Institute, 620 Tomlinson Drive, Port Elgin, ON N0H 2C0, Canada
| | - Christopher Thome
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (G.V.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Nuclear Innovation Institute, 620 Tomlinson Drive, Port Elgin, ON N0H 2C0, Canada
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Chirikova E, McConnell RJ, O'Kane P, Yauseyenka V, Little MP, Minenko V, Drozdovitch V, Veyalkin I, Hatch M, Chan JM, Huang CY, Mabuchi K, Cahoon EK, Rozhko A, Zablotska LB. Association between exposure to radioactive iodine after the Chernobyl accident and thyroid volume in Belarus 10-15 years later. Environ Health 2022; 21:5. [PMID: 34996456 PMCID: PMC8742457 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is a robust literature on environmental exposure to iodine-131 (131I) in childhood and adolescence and the risk of thyroid cancer and benign nodules, little is known about its effects on thyroid volume. METHODS To assess the effect of 131I dose to the thyroid on the volume of the thyroid gland, we examined the data from the baseline screening of the Belarusian-American Cohort Study of residents of Belarus who were exposed to the Chernobyl fallout at ages ≤18 years. Thyroid dose estimates were based on individual thyroid activity measurements made shortly after the accident and dosimetric data from questionnaires obtained 10-15 years later at baseline screening. During baseline screening, thyroid gland volume was assessed from thyroid ultrasound measurements. The association between radiation dose and thyroid volume was modeled using linear regression where radiation dose was expressed with power terms to address non-linearity. The model was adjusted for attained age, sex, and place of residence, and their modifying effects were examined. RESULTS The analysis was based on 10,703 subjects. We found a statistically significant positive association between radiation dose and thyroid volume (P < 0.001). Heterogeneity of association was observed by attained age (P < 0.001) with statistically significant association remaining only in the subgroup of ≥18 years at screening (P < 0.001). For this group, increase in dose from 0.0005 to 0.15 Gy was associated with a 1.27 ml (95% CI: 0.46, 2.07) increase in thyroid volume. The estimated effect did not change with increasing doses above 0.15 Gy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the association between 131I dose to the thyroid gland and thyroid volume in a population of individuals exposed during childhood and systematically screened 10-15 years later. It provides evidence for a moderate statistically significant increase in thyroid volume among those who were ≥ 18 years at screening. Given that this effect was observed at very low doses and was restricted to a narrow dose range, further studies are necessary to better understand the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Chirikova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Patrick O'Kane
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vasilina Yauseyenka
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victor Minenko
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilya Veyalkin
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Rozhko
- Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Kaatsch HL, Schneider J, Brockmann C, Brockmann MA, Overhoff D, Becker BV, Waldeck S. Radiation exposure during angiographic interventions in interventional radiology - risk and fate of advanced procedures. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:865-872. [PMID: 34982640 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.2020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced angiographic procedures in interventional radiology are becoming more important and are more frequently used, especially in the treatment of several acute life-threatening diseases like stroke or aortic injury. In recent years, technical advancement has led to a broader spectrum of interventions and complex procedures with longer fluoroscopy times. This involves the risk of higher dose exposures, which, in rare cases, may cause deterministic radiation effects, e.g. erythema in patients undergoing angiographic procedures. Against this background, these procedures recently also became subject to national and international regulations regarding radiation protection. At the same time, individual risk assessment of possible stochastic radiation effects for each patient must be weighed up against the anticipated benefits of the therapy itself. Harmful effects of the administered dose are not limited to the patient but can also affect the radiologist and the medical staff. In particular, the development of cataracts in interventionalists is a rising matter of concern. Furthermore, long-term effects of repeated and prolonged x-ray exposure have long been neglected by radiologists but have come into focus in the past years. CONCLUSIONS With all this in mind, this review discusses different efforts to reduce radiation exposition levels for patients and medical staff by means of technical, personal as well as organizational measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Schneider
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Carolin Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Overhoff
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Waldeck
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
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222
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Barnard S, Uwineza A, Kalligeraki A, McCarron R, Kruse F, Ainsbury EA, Quinlan RA. Lens Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2022; 197:92-99. [PMID: 33984857 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00294.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation are naturally well regulated and controlled, a characteristic essential for lens structure, symmetry and function. The effect of ionizing radiation on lens epithelial cell proliferation has been demonstrated in previous studies at high acute doses, but the effect of dose and dose rate on proliferation has not yet been considered. In this work, mice received single acute doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy of radiation, at dose rates of 0.063 and 0.3 Gy/min. Eye lenses were isolated postirradiation at 30 min up until 14 days and flat-mounted. Then, cell proliferation rates were determined using biomarker Ki67. As expected, radiation increased cell proliferation 2 and 24 h postirradiation transiently (undetectable 14 days postirradiation) and was dose dependent (changes were very significant at 2 Gy; P = 0.008). A dose-rate effect did not reach significance in this study (P = 0.054). However, dose rate and lens epithelial cell region showed significant interactions (P < 0.001). These observations further our mechanistic understanding of how the lens responds to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Mountjoy Science Site, Durham DH13LE, United Kingdom
| | - A Uwineza
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Mountjoy Science Site, Durham DH13LE, United Kingdom
| | - A Kalligeraki
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Mountjoy Science Site, Durham DH13LE, United Kingdom
| | - R McCarron
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - F Kruse
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - R A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Mountjoy Science Site, Durham DH13LE, United Kingdom
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Ainsbury EA, Dalke C, Mancuso M, Kadhim M, Quinlan RA, Azizova T, Dauer LT, Dynlacht JR, Tanner R, Hamada N. Introduction to the Special LDLensRad Focus Issue. Radiat Res 2022; 197:1-6. [PMID: 34788470 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00188.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and experimental animal data, as well as reanalyses of data previously accumulated, indicate that the lens of the eye is more radiosensitive than was previously thought. This has resulted in a reduction of the occupational lens dose limit within the European Union countries, Japan and elsewhere. This Commentary introduces the work done by the LDLensRad Consortium contained within this Focus Issue, towards advancement of understanding of the mechanisms of low dose radiation cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England (PHE) Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Dalke
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX30BP, United Kingdom
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Joseph R Dynlacht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rick Tanner
- Public Health England (PHE) Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanno B, Babini G, Leonardi S, De Stefano I, Merla C, Novelli F, Antonelli F, Casciati A, Tanori M, Pasquali E, Giardullo P, Pazzaglia S, Mancuso M. miRNA-Signature of Irradiated Ptch1+/- Mouse Lens is Dependent on Genetic Background. Radiat Res 2022; 197:22-35. [PMID: 33857324 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00245.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One harmful long-term effect of ionizing radiation is cataract development. Recent studies have been focused on elucidating the mechanistic pathways involved in this pathogenesis. Since accumulating evidence has established a role of microRNAs in ocular diseases, including cataract, the goal of this work was to determine the microRNA signature of the mouse lens, at short time periods postirradiation, to understand the mechanisms related to radio-induced cataractogenesis. To evaluate the differences in the microRNA profiles, 10-week-old Patched1 heterozygous (Ptch1+/-) mice, bred onto two different genetic backgrounds (CD1 and C57Bl/6J), received whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation, and 24 h later lenses were collected. Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that genetic background markedly influenced the list of the deregulated microRNAs and the mainly predicted perturbed biological functions of 2 Gy irradiated Ptch1+/- mouse lenses. We identified a subset of microRNAs with a contra-regulated expression between strains, with a key role in regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling pathways. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of miRNome data showed a completely different DNA damage response in mouse lenses 24 h postirradiation, mainly mediated by a marked upregulation of p53 signaling in Ptch1+/-/C57Bl/6J lenses that was not detected on a CD1 background. We propose a strict interplay between p53 and TLR signaling in Ptch1+/-/C57Bl/6J lenses shortly after irradiation that could explain both the resistance of this strain to developing lens opacities and the susceptibility of CD1 background to radiation-induced cataractogenesis through activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tanno
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - G Babini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - I De Stefano
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - C Merla
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - F Novelli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - F Antonelli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - A Casciati
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - M Tanori
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - E Pasquali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - P Giardullo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - S Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - M Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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Steiniger B, Lechel U, Reichenbach JR, Fiebich M, Aschenbach R, Schegerer A, Waginger M, Bobeva A, Teichgräber U, Mentzel HJ. In vitro measurements of radiation exposure with different modalities (computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography) for imaging the petrous bone with a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:1125-1133. [PMID: 35460347 PMCID: PMC9107409 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various imaging modalities, such as multi-detector computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT are commonly used in infants for the diagnosis of hearing loss and surgical planning of implantation hearing aid devices, with differing results. OBJECTIVE We compared three different imaging modalities available in our institution, including a high-class CT scanner, a mid-class CT scanner and an angiography system with a cone beam CT option, for image quality and radiation exposure in a phantom study. MATERIALS AND METHODS While scanning an anthropomorphic phantom imitating a 1-year-old child with vendor-provided routine protocols, organ doses, surface doses and effective doses were determined for these three modalities with thermoluminescent dosimeters. The image quality was evaluated using the signal difference to noise ratio (SDNR) and the spatial resolution of a line-pair insert in the phantom head. The dose efficiency, defined as the ratio of SDNR and effective dose, was also compared. RESULTS The organ and surface doses were lowest with the high-class CT protocol, but the image quality was the worst. Image quality was best with the cone beam CT protocol, which, however, had the highest radiation exposure in this study, whereas the mid-class CT was in between. CONCLUSION Based on our results, high-end CT should be used for surgical planning because it has the lowest dose, while the image quality is still sufficient for this purpose. However, if highest image quality is needed and required, e.g., by ENT surgeons, the other modalities should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Steiniger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.
| | - Ursula Lechel
- MB3 External and Internal Dosimetry and Biokinetics, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Fiebich
- Department LSE, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rene Aschenbach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Alexander Schegerer
- MB3 External and Internal Dosimetry and Biokinetics, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Waginger
- Section Pediatric Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anelyia Bobeva
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mentzel
- Section Pediatric Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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226
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Seifert R, Kersting D, Rischpler C, Opitz M, Kirchner J, Pabst KM, Mavroeidi IA, Laschinsky C, Grueneisen J, Schaarschmidt B, Catalano OA, Herrmann K, Umutlu L. Clinical Use of PET/MR in Oncology: An Update. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 52:356-364. [PMID: 34980479 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of PET and MRI is one of the recent advances of hybrid imaging. Yet to date, the adoption rate of PET/MRI systems has been rather slow. This seems to be partially caused by the high costs of PET/MRI systems and the need to verify an incremental benefit over PET/CT or sequential PET/CT and MRI. In analogy to PET/CT, the MRI part of PET/MRI was primarily used for anatomical imaging. Though this can be advantageous, for example in diseases where the superior soft tissue contrast of MRI is highly appreciated, the sole use of MRI for anatomical orientation lessens the potential of PET/MRI. Consequently, more recent studies focused on its multiparametric potential and employed diffusion weighted sequences and other functional imaging sequences in PET/MRI. This integration puts the focus on a more wholesome approach to PET/MR imaging, in terms of releasing its full potential for local primary staging based on multiparametric imaging and an included one-stop shop approach for whole-body staging. This approach as well as the implementation of computational analysis, in terms of radiomics analysis, has been shown valuable in several oncological diseases, as will be discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seifert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - David Kersting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Opitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Kirchner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kim M Pabst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ilektra-Antonia Mavroeidi
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; Clinic for Internal Medicine (Tumor Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Laschinsky
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Grueneisen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schaarschmidt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Onofrio Antonio Catalano
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Abdominal Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lale Umutlu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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227
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Devic C, Plagnard J, Munier M. Characterization of an Innovative Detector Based on Scintillating Fiber for Personalized Computed Tomography Dosimetry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:90. [PMID: 35009632 PMCID: PMC8747339 DOI: 10.3390/s22010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For technical and radioprotection reasons, it has become essential to develop new dosimetric tools adapted to the specificities of computed tomography (CT) to ensure precise and efficient dosimetry since the current standards are not suitable for clinical use and for new CT technological evolution. Thanks to its many advantages, plastic scintillating fibers (PSF) is a good candidate for more accurate and personalized real-time dosimetry in computed tomography, and the company Fibermetrix has developed a new device named IVISCAN® based on this technology. In this study, we evaluated performances of IVISCAN® and associated uncertainties in terms of dose-rate dependence, angular dependence, stability with cumulative dose, repeatability, energy dependence, length dependence, and special uniformity in reference and clinical computed tomography beam qualities. For repeatability, the standard deviation is less than 0.039%, and the absolute uncertainty of repeatability lies between 0.017% and 0.025%. The deviation between IVISCAN® and the reference regarding energy dependence is less than 1.88% in clinical use. Dose rate dependence results show a maximum deviation under ±2%. Angular dependence standard deviation σ is 0.8%, and the absolute uncertainty was 1.6%. We observed 1% of variation every 50 Gy steps up to a cumulative dose of 500 Gy. Probe response was found to be independent of the PSF length with a maximum deviation ΔDsize < 2.7% between the IVISCAN® probe and the 1 cm PSF probe. The presented results demonstrated that IVISCAN® performances are in accordance with metrology references and the international standard IEC61674 relative to dosemeters used in X-ray diagnostic imaging and then make it an ideal candidate for real-time dosimetry in CT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johann Plagnard
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France;
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228
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Osanai M, Sato K, Sato H, Kudo K, Hosokawa S, Fujita A, Kitajima M, Tsushima M, Komiya N, Kudo M, Saito Y. [The Method for Estimation of Radiation Dose of Eye Lens Covered by Radiation Protection Glasses Using Personal Dosimeter for Trunk of the Body and X-ray Shielding Material]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2021; 77:1432-1443. [PMID: 34924480 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2021_jsrt_77.12.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation protection glasses is a useful tool for dose reduction of eye lens. However, the method to evaluate the dose of eye lens, which is covered with radiation protection glasses in actual radiation management situation, has not been established. We invented the easy-to-use procedure to estimate the dose of eye lens inside of radiation protection glasses for occupationally exposed person using an X-ray shielding material and an additional personal dosimeter for trunk of the body. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the new method. METHODS The radiation field in interventional radiology (IR) was reconstructed. A personal dosimeter was set to the eye position and neck position of medical staff phantom. Each dosimeter was covered by radiation protection glasses or X-ray shielding material, and the 1 cm or 70 mm dose equivalent quantity in the neck position was compared to the 3 mm dose equivalent quantity in the eye position. RESULTS The dose equivalent quantity measured inside of X-ray shielding material in the neck position was similar to that of inside radiation protection glasses. Thus, the X-ray attenuation by radiation protection glasses was able to be simulated using the X-ray shielding material. CONCLUSION It was suggested that the dose of eye lens inside of radiation protection glasses could be easily estimated by covering the conventional personal dosimeter for trunk of the body with the X-ray shielding material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Osanai
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Kana Sato
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences (Current address: Division of Radiology, Towada City Hospital)
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences (Current address: Division of Radiology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital)
| | - Kohsei Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Nobuhiro Komiya
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences (Current address: Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Hirosaki National Hospital)
| | - Masaya Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences (Current address: Department of Radiology, Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience)
| | - Yoko Saito
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences
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229
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Chauhan V, Beaton D, Hamada N, Wilkins R, Burtt J, Leblanc J, Cool D, Garnier-Laplace J, Laurier D, Le Y, Yamada Y, Tollefsen KE. Adverse Outcome Pathway: A Path towards better Data Consolidation and Global Co-ordination of Radiation Research. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1694-1703. [PMID: 34919011 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.2020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of toxicology is to protect human health and the environment. To support this, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), operating via its Extended Advisory Group for Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics (EAGMST), has been developing the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) approach to consolidate evidence for chemical toxicity spanning multiple levels of biological organization. The knowledge transcribed into AOPs provides a structured framework to transparently organize data, examine the weight of evidence of the AOP, and identify causal relationships between exposure to stressors and adverse effects of regulatory perspective. The AOP framework has undergone substantial maturation in the field of hazard characterization of chemicals over the last decade, and has also recently gained attention from the radiation community as a means to advance the mechanistic understanding of human and ecological health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation at low dose and low dose-rates. To fully exploit the value of such approaches for facilitating risk assessment and management in the field of radiation protection, solicitation of experiences and active cooperation between chemical and radiation communities are needed. As a result, the Radiation and Chemical (Rad/Chem) AOP joint topical group was formed on June 1, 2021 as part of the initiative from the High Level Group on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR). HLG-LDR is overseen by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH). The main aims of the joint AOP topical group are to advance the use of AOPs in radiation research and foster broader implementation of AOPs into hazard and risk assessment. With global representation, it serves as a forum to discuss, identify and develop joint initiatives that support research and take on regulatory challenges. Conclusion: The Rad/Chem AOP joint topical group will specifically engage, promote, and implement the use of the AOP framework to: a) organize and evaluate mechanistic knowledge relevant to the protection of human and ecosystem health from radiation; b) identify data gaps and research needs pertinent to expanding knowledge of low dose and low dose-rate radiation effects; and c) demonstrate utility to support risk assessment by developing radiation-relevant case studies. It is envisioned that the Rad/Chem AOP joint topical group will actively liaise with the OECD EAGMST AOP developmental program to collectively advance areas of common interest and, specifically, provide recommendations for harmonization of the AOP framework to accommodate non-chemical stressors, such as radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Burtt
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald Cool
- Electric Power Research Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, US
| | | | - Dominque Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Health and Environment Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, F-92262, France
| | - Yevgeniya Le
- CANDU Owners Group Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yukata Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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230
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Sakamoto H, Moritake T, Sun L, Kobayashi I, Kawauchi S, Abe T, Tsukamoto A, Morimoto Y, Daida H, Matsumaru Y. Monitoring and Protection against Radiation Dose to Eyes of Operators Performing Neuroendovascular Procedures: A Nationwide Study in Japan. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2021; 16:354-360. [PMID: 37502341 PMCID: PMC10370920 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.oa.2021-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To meet the new standard of the annual dose limit for the eye lens recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection, radiation doses of neuroendovascular procedures in Japanese institutions were investigated. METHODS Radiation doses to operators involved in 304 neuroendovascular procedures at 30 Japanese institutions were prospectively surveyed. The institutions recruited at an annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy participated voluntarily. A maximum of 10 wireless dosimeters were attached to the radiation protection (RP) goggles, the ceiling-mounted RP shielding screen, and the operators' forehead and neck over the protective clothing. Doses recorded inside the goggles were defined as eye lens doses for operators who wore RP goggles, while doses to the forehead were defined as eye lens doses for those who did not. The shielding effect rates of the protection devices were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed for the comparison of radiation doses. RESULTS From 296 analyzed cases, mean eye lens radiation doses per procedure were 0.088 mGy for the left eye and 0.041 mGy for the right eye. For the left eye, that dose without RP equipment was 0.176 mGy and that with RP goggles plus an RP shielding screen was 0.034 mGy. Four parameters, including left eye dose, air kerma at the patient entrance reference point, fluoroscopic time, and the total number of frames, were assessed for five types of neurovascular procedures. Of them, transarterial embolization for dural arteriovenous fistula was associated with the highest eye lens dose at 0.138 mGy. The shielding effect rates of protection goggles were 60% for the left and 55% for the right RP goggle. The mean doses to the inner and outer surfaces of the RP shielding screen were 0.831 mGy and 0.040 mGy, respectively, amounting to a shielding effect rate of 95%. CONCLUSION To meet the new standard, both RP goggles and RP shielding screens are strongly recommended to be used effectively. Without proper use of radiological protection devices, the number of neuroendovascular procedures that one operator performs per year will be limited under the new guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sakamoto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lue Sun
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kobayashi
- Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering, University of Fukui, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan
- Nagase Landauer Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Toshi Abe
- Department of Radiobiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yuh Morimoto
- Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumaru
- Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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231
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Loganovsky KM, Fedirko PA, Marazziti D, Kuts KV, Antypchuk KY, Perchuk IV, Babenko TF, Loganovska TK, Kolosynska OO, Kreinis GY, Masiuk SV, Zdorenko LL, Zdanevich NA, Garkava NA, Dorichevska RY, Vasilenko ZL, Kravchenko VI, Drosdova NV, Yefimova YV, Malinyak AV. BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT: PART II - RADIATION CEREBRO/OPHTALMIC EFFECTS IN CHILDREN, PERSONS EXPOSED IN UTERO, ASTRONAUTS AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2021; 26:57-97. [PMID: 34965543 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-57-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) can affect the brain and the visual organ even at low doses, while provoking cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and visual disorders. We proposed to consider the brain and the visual organ as potential targets for the influence of IR with the definition of cerebro-ophthalmic relationships as the «eye-brain axis». OBJECTIVE The present work is a narrative review of current experimental, epidemiological and clinical data on radiation cerebro-ophthalmic effects in children, individuals exposed in utero, astronauts and interventional radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines by searching the abstract and scientometric databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, published from 1998 to 2021, as well as the results of manual search of peer-reviewed publications. RESULTS Epidemiological data on the effects of low doses of IR on neurodevelopment are quite contradictory, while data on clinical, neuropsychological and neurophysiological on cognitive and cerebral disorders, especially in the left, dominant hemisphere of the brain, are nore consistent. Cataracts (congenital - after in utero irradiation) and retinal angiopathy are more common in prenatally-exposed people and children. Astronauts, who carry out longterm space missions outside the protection of the Earth's magnetosphere, will be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation (heavy ions, protons), which leads to cerebro-ophthalmic disorders, primarily cognitive and behavioral disorders and cataracts. Interventional radiologists are a special risk group for cerebro-ophthalmic pathology - cognitivedeficits, mainly due to dysfunction of the dominant and more radiosensitive left hemisphere of the brain, andcataracts, as well as early atherosclerosis and accelerated aging. CONCLUSIONS Results of current studies indicate the high radiosensitivity of the brain and eye in different contingents of irradiated persons. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of cerebro-ophthalmic disorders in different exposure scenarios, to determine the molecular biological mechanisms of these disorders, reliable dosimetric support and taking into account the influence of non-radiation risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Loganovsky
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - P A Fedirko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - D Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, I 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - K V Kuts
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - K Yu Antypchuk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I V Perchuk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T F Babenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T K Loganovska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O O Kolosynska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - G Yu Kreinis
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - S V Masiuk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - L L Zdorenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N A Zdanevich
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N A Garkava
- State Institution «Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», 9 Vernadsky Str., Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine
| | - R Yu Dorichevska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Z L Vasilenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V I Kravchenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N V Drosdova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Yu V Yefimova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - A V Malinyak
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Shohji T, Kuriyama K, Yanano N, Maeda E, Katoh Y. SIMPLE METHOD OF MEASURING SSDE FOR HEAD CT: FACILITATING PRE-CT SCAN DOSE CALCULATION USING SPECIALIZED HEAD SCAN BAND. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 197:1-11. [PMID: 34718785 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, scaled scan band was developed to provide size-specific dose estimation (SSDE) values based on head circumference of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans. The scan band was tested in 40 consecutive head CT examinations. The accuracy of the specialized scan band method was determined by comparing SSDEband with SSDE293,forehead, SSDEmean and SSDEcenter. SSDE293,forehead was used as the control value. The results of the linear fit of SSDEband, SSDEmean and SSDEcenter against SSDE293, forehead, were R2 = 0.958, R2 = 0.984 and R2 = 0.936, respectively. There was no significant difference between SSDEband, SSDEmean and SSDEcenter for SSDE293,forehead. Use of the proposed scan band method makes it possible to accurately determine the required radiation dose before a CT examination is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Shohji
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University Hospital, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kuriyama
- Department of Radiology, Jikei University Kashiwa, Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8567, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Yanano
- Department of Radiology, Jikei University Kashiwa, Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8567, Japan
| | - Eriko Maeda
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yo Katoh
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
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Martin CJ, Barnard M. Potential risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and cancer due to cumulative doses received from diagnostic CT scans? JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:1243-1257. [PMID: 34525460 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac270f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potential risks from radiation exposure on the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease are indicated by epidemiological studies. Medical exposures give the largest dose to the population from artificial sources, with cumulative doses from multiple CT scans being significant. Data on doses from scans performed on 12 CT scanners in three hospitals over a period of 5½ years, derived using RadimetricsTMsoftware, have been reviewed for 105 757 patients. Data have been downloaded for heart, brain, thyroid, and effective doses, and cumulative doses analysed using ExcelTMspreadsheets. 2.4% of patients having body CT scans received cumulative doses to the heart over 100 mSv, 9% of whom were under 50 years. 9.6% of patients having head CT scans received cumulative doses to the brain over 100 mSv with 0.08% over 500 mSv from whom 41% were under 50 years, but only 1.3% of patients scanned had thyroid/carotid artery doses over 100 mSv. An approximate evaluation of potential risks from exposures of the heart above 100 mSv and brain over 500 mSv for patients under 60 years would suggest that at most only one patient would demonstrate any excess risk from vascular disease resulting from the exposures. 0.67% of patients scanned received effective doses over 100 mSv, in line with results from European studies, with 8.4% being under 50 years. The application of age and sex specific risk coefficients relating to excess cancer incidence suggests that two or three patients with effective doses over 100 mSv and five patients with effective doses between 50 and 100 mSv, from those examined, might develop cancer as a result of exposure. However, this will be an overestimate, since it does not take patients' health into account. Exposure management software can aid in evaluating cumulative doses and identifying individual patients receiving substantial doses from repetitive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Martin
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnard
- Department of Radiation Physics and Protection, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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234
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Contribution of Lipid Oxidation and Ferroptosis to Radiotherapy Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212603. [PMID: 34830482 PMCID: PMC8622791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy promotes tumor cell death and senescence through the induction of oxidative damage. Recent work has highlighted the importance of lipid peroxidation for radiotherapy efficacy. Excessive lipid peroxidation can promote ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death. In this review, we address the evidence supporting a role of ferroptosis in response to radiotherapy and discuss the molecular regulators that underlie this interaction. Finally, we postulate on the clinical implications for the intersection of ferroptosis and radiotherapy.
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235
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Variation in Proton Craniospinal Irradiation Practice Patterns in the United States: A Pediatric Proton Consortium Registry (PPCR) Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:901-912. [PMID: 34808253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is commonly used for pediatric brain tumors with a propensity for spread in craniospinal fluid, principally medulloblastoma. Evolving technology has led to the use of highly conformal radiation therapy (RT) techniques for CSI, including proton therapy. Target delineation and plan coverage are critical for CSI, but there is ongoing controversy and variability in these realms, with little available data on practice patterns. We sought to characterize proton CSI practice patterns in the United States by examining CSI plans in the Pediatric Proton/Photon Consortium Registry (PPCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS PPCR was queried for data on proton CSI patients from 2015 to early 2020. Each plan was manually reviewed, determining patient position; prescription dose; and coverage of optic nerves, vertebral bodies, spinal nerve roots, sacral nerves, and cranial foramina, among other variables. Two radiation oncologists blinded to clinical data and treating institution assessed coverage at the 95% prescription isodose line and per published European Society for Paediatric Oncology guidelines. Variability in coverage was assessed with nonparametric tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS PPCR supplied data for 450 patients, 384 of whom had an evaluable portion of a CSI plan. Most patients (90.3%) were supine. Optic nerves were fully covered in 48.2%; sacral nerves in 87.7%; cranial foramina in 69.3%; and spinal nerves in 95.6%. Vertebral body (VB) sparing was used in 18.6% of skeletally immature cases, increasing over time (P < .001). Coverage in all categories was significantly different among treating institutions, on univariate and multivariate analyses. Cribriform plate deficits were rare, with marginal misses of the foramen ovale (17.4%) and frontal lobe (12%) most common. CONCLUSION We found consistent variation based on treating institution in proton CSI practices including optic nerve, VB, sacral nerve, cranial, and spinal nerve coverage. These data may serve as a baseline quantification of current proton CSI practices in the United States as they continue to evolve.
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Glasow A, Patties I, Priest ND, Mitchel REJ, Hildebrandt G, Manda K. Dose and Dose Rate-Dependent Effects of Low-Dose Irradiation on Inflammatory Parameters in ApoE-Deficient and Wild Type Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3251. [PMID: 34831473 PMCID: PMC8625495 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory low-dose therapy is well established, whereas the immunomodulatory impact of doses below 0.1 Gy is much less clear. In this study, we investigated dose, dose rate and time-dependent effects in a dose range of 0.005 to 2 Gy on immune parameters after whole body irradiation (IR) using a pro-inflammatory (ApoE-/-) and a wild type mouse model. Long-term effects on spleen function (proliferation, monocyte expression) were analyzed 3 months, and short-term effects on immune plasma parameters (IL6, IL10, IL12p70, KC, MCP1, INFγ, TGFβ, fibrinogen, sICAM, sVCAM, sE-selectin/CD62) were analyzed 1, 7 and 28 days after Co60 γ-irradiation (IR) at low dose rate (LDR, 0.001 Gy/day) and at high dose rate (HDR). In vitro measurements of murine monocyte (WEHI-274.1) adhesion and cytokine release (KC, MCP1, IL6, TGFβ) after low-dose IR (150 kV X-ray unit) of murine endothelial cell (EC) lines (H5V, mlEND1, bEND3) supplement the data. RT-PCR revealed significant reduction of Ki67 and CD68 expression in the spleen of ApoE-/- mice after 0.025 to 2 Gy exposure at HDR, but only after 2 Gy at LDR. Plasma levels in wild type mice, showed non-linear time-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of TGFβ at doses as low as 0.005 Gy at both dose rates, whereas sICAM and fibrinogen levels changed in a dose rate-specific manner. In ApoE-/- mice, levels of sICAM increased and fibrinogen decreased at both dose rates, whereas TGFβ increased mainly at HDR. Non-irradiated plasma samples revealed significant age-related enhancement of cytokines and adhesion molecules except for sICAM. In vitro data indicate that endothelial cells may contribute to systemic IR effects and confirm changes of adhesion properties suggested by altered sICAM plasma levels. The differential immunomodulatory effects shown here provide insights in inflammatory changes occurring at doses far below standard anti-inflammatory therapy and are of particular importance after diagnostic and chronic environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nicholas D. Priest
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Ronald E. J. Mitchel
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
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237
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Kawauchi S, Chida K, Hamada Y, Tsuruta W. Lens dose reduction with a bismuth shield in neuro cone-beam computed tomography: an investigation on optimum shield device placement conditions. Radiol Phys Technol 2021; 15:25-36. [PMID: 34796447 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-021-00644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the placement distance, number, and position of the bismuth shield for developing a lens protective device for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). To determine the dose reduction rate, the lens doses were measured using an anthropomorphic head phantom and a real-time dosimeter. The image quality assessment was determined by analyzing the change in the pixel value, caused by the bismuth shield, and the artifact index was calculated from the pixel value and image noise within various regions of interest in the head phantom. When the distance between the bismuth shield and the subject was increased, the image quality deteriorated less, but there was also a decrease in the lens dose reduction rate. Upon changing the number of bismuth shields from 1-ply to 2-ply, the dose reduction rate increased; however, there was a decrease in the image quality. Additionally, placing the bismuth shield outside of the subject improved the dose reduction rate without deteriorating the image quality. The optimum placement conditions of the bismuth shield were concluded as follows: positioned outside, placed 10 mm from the surface of the subject, and used a 1-ply bismuth shield. When these placement conditions were used, the lens dose reduction rate was 26.9 ± 0.36% (right-left average) for the "bismuth shield: separate". The protective device developed in this study will contribute to radiation dose reduction in CBCT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kawauchi
- Department of Radiology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
- Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Koichi Chida
- Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- Department of Radiology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Wataro Tsuruta
- Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
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238
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Park S, Lee DN, Jin YW, Cha ES, Jang WI, Park S, Seo S. Non-cancer disease prevalence and association with occupational radiation exposure among Korean radiation workers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22415. [PMID: 34789809 PMCID: PMC8599676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced cancer risks have known stochastic effects; however, regarding non-cancer diseases, evidence of risk at low radiation doses remains unclear. We aimed to identify underlying characteristics concerning non-cancer disease prevalence and determine associations with radiation dose among Korean radiation workers. Using a nationwide baseline survey, 20,608 workers were enrolled. Data concerning participant demographics, occupational characteristics, lifestyle, and lifetime prevalence of non-cancer diseases were linked to a national dose registry. We compared non-cancer disease prevalences in the Korean general population with those in this cohort and undertook a dose-response analysis concerning the cumulative dose. Hyperlipidemia (10.6%), circulatory (9.6%), and respiratory (4.1%) system diseases, followed by thyroid diseases (3.5%), had the highest prevalences, with hyperlipidemia, thyroid diseases, and hepatitis prevalence being higher in the cohort than in the general population. Radiation doses were associated with elevated prevalences of most diseases; however, associations were attenuated and not significant after adjusting for confounders, except for musculoskeletal system diseases (prevalence odds ratio [POR]/10 mSv, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.07) and cataracts (POR/10 mSv, 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.07). Further studies are warranted to investigate the causality of those non-cancer diseases involving more varied confounders such as physical and psychosocial stresses and ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 South Korea
| | - Dal Nim Lee
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 South Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 South Korea
| | - Eun Shil Cha
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Il Jang
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 South Korea ,grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 South Korea ,grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Department of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songwon Seo
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, South Korea.
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239
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Miller DT, Semins MJ. Safety During Ureteroscopy: Radiation, Eyes, and Ergonomics. Front Surg 2021; 8:737337. [PMID: 34778359 PMCID: PMC8580849 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.737337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that urologic surgeons are at risk of work-place injury due to the physical requirements of operating and exposure to hazards. These hazards include radiation, exposure to body fluids, use of laser energy, and orthopedic injury due to the physical nature of operating. The risks that these hazards present can be mitigated by implementing several evidence-based safety measures. The methods to protect against radiation exposure include keeping radiation usage in the operating room as low as reasonably achievable, donning lead aprons, and wearing protective glasses. Additionally, protective glasses decrease the risk of eye injury from laser injury and exposure to body fluids. Finally, practicing sound surgical ergonomics is essential to minimize the risk of orthopedic injury and promote career longevity. The interventions discussed herein are simple and easy to implement in one's daily practice of urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Miller
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michelle J Semins
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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240
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Cewe P, Vorbau R, Omar A, Elmi-Terander A, Edström E. Radiation distribution in a hybrid operating room, utilizing different X-ray imaging systems: investigations to minimize occupational exposure. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:1139-1144. [PMID: 34750111 PMCID: PMC9606514 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To reduce occupational radiation exposure in a hybrid operating room (OR) used for three-dimensional (3D) image guided spine procedures. The effects of staff positioning, different X-ray imaging systems, and freestanding radiation protection shields (RPSs) were considered. Methods An anthropomorphic phantom was imaged with a robotic ceiling mounted hybrid OR C-arm cone beam CT (hCBCT), a mobile O-arm CBCT (oCBCT), and a mobile two-dimensional C-arm fluoroscopy system. The resulting scatter doses were measured at different positions in the hybrid OR using active personal dosimeters and an ionization chamber. Two types of RPSs were evaluated. Results Using the hCBCT system instead of the oCBCT system reduced the occupational radiation dose on average by 22%. At 200 cm from the phantom, scatter doses from the hCBCT were 27% lower compared with the oCBCT. One rotational acquisition with hCBCT or oCBCT corresponded to 12 or 16 min of fluoroscopy with the C-arm, respectively. The scatter dose decreased by more than 90% behind an RPS. However, the protection was slightly less effective at 60 cm behind the RPS, due to tertiary scatter from the surroundings. Conclusions For 3D image guided spine procedures in the hybrid OR, occupational radiation exposure is lowered by using hCBCT rather than oCBCT. Radiation exposure can also be decreased by optimal staff positioning in the OR, considering distance to the source and positioning relative to the walls, ceiling, and RPS. In this setting and workflow, staff can use RPSs instead of heavy aprons during intraoperative CBCT imaging, to achieve effective whole body dose reduction with improved comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cewe
- Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Vorbau
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artur Omar
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Elmi-Terander
- Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Edström
- Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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241
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Borrego D, Yoder C, Balter S, Kitahara CM. Collar badge lens dose equivalent values among U.S. physicians performing fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 33:219-224.e2. [PMID: 34748952 PMCID: PMC10388339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the range of occupational badge dose readings and annualized dose records among physicians performing fluoroscopically guided interventional (FGI) procedures using job title information provided by the same three major medical institutions in 2009, 2012, and 2015. METHODS The Radiation Safety Office of selected hospitals was contacted to request assistance with identifying physicians in a large commercial dosimetry database. All entries judged to be uninformative of occupational doses to FGI procedures staff were excluded. Monthly and annualized doses were described with univariate statistics and box-and-whisker plots. RESULTS The dosimetry dataset of interventional radiology staff contains 169 annual dose records from 77 different physicians and 698 annual dose records from 455 non-physicians. The median annualized lens dose equivalent values among physicians (11.9 mSv; IQR=6.9-20.0) was nearly threefold higher than non-physician medical staff assisting with FGI procedures (4.0 mSv; IQR=1.8-6.7) (P<0.001). During the study period, without eye protection, 25% (23 of 93) of the physician annualized lens dose equivalent values may have exceeded 20 mSv; for non-physician medical staff, this value was may have been exceeded 3.5% (6 of 173) of the time. However, these values do not account for eye protection. CONCLUSION The findings from this study highlight the importance of mitigating occupational dose to the eyes of medical staff, particularly physicians, performing or assisting with FGI procedures. Training on radiation protection principles, the use of personal protective equipment, and patient radiation dose management can all help ensure occupational radiation dose is adequately controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Borrego
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Craig Yoder
- Independent consultant, Weddington, North Carolina
| | - Stephen Balter
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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242
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Sharkey AR, Gambhir P, Saraskani S, Walker R, Hajilou A, Bassett P, Sandhu N, Croasdale P, Honey I, Diamantopoulos A, Goh V. Occupational radiation exposure in doctors: an analysis of exposure rates over 25 years. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20210602. [PMID: 34538079 PMCID: PMC8553192 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthcare professionals' occupational exposure to ionising radiation may be increasing due to increasing use of imaging and image-guided intervention. This study aims to assess the occupational exposure of doctors over a 25-year period at an NHS teaching hospital. METHODS Dosemeter measurements were collected prospectively from 1995 to 2019. Two retrospective analyses were performed over time (first including all measurements, second excluding "zero-dose" measurements), and by speciality. Group comparisons were undertaken using multilevel linear regression; a p-value <0.05 was deemed significant. RESULTS 8,892 measurements (3,983 body, 1,514 collar, 649 eye, 2,846 hand), of which 3,350 were non-zero measurements (1,541 body, 883 collar, 155 eye, 771 hand), were included. Whole dataset analysis found a significant decrease in exposure for radiologists and cardiologists, as measured by body, hand and collar dosemeters over the last 25 years (p < 0.01 for all). The non-zero readings reflect the whole cohort analysis except in the case of eye dosemeters, which showed a significant decrease in exposure for cardiologists (p < 0.01), but a significant increase for radiologists and surgeons/anaesthetists (p < 0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS Whilst ionising radiation remains an occupational risk for doctors, the overall decreasing trend in occupational exposure is reassuring. However, a significant rise in eye dose for radiologists, surgeons and anaesthetists is concerning, and close monitoring is required to prevent future issues. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This paper is one of few evaluating the occupational radiation exposure to doctors over a 25-year period, showing that although most dosemeter measurements reflect decreasing exposure, the increase in eye exposure warrants caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Sharkey
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ross Walker
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Bassett
- Statsconsultancy Ltd, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Navneet Sandhu
- Department of Medical Physics, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Croasdale
- Department of Medical Physics, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Honey
- Department of Medical Physics, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vicky Goh
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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243
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Alnaaimi M, Alduaij M, Shenawy F, Algaily M, Mohammedzein T, Shaaban M, Rehani MM. Assessment of eye doses to staff involved in interventional cardiology procedures in Kuwait. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:639-645. [PMID: 34351496 PMCID: PMC8339394 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-021-00929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, which is the first of its kind in the gulf region, eye doses of interventional cardiologists and nurses were measured using active dosimeters for left and right eyes, in 60 percutaneous coronary interventions in three main hospitals in Kuwait. The dose given in terms of Hp(0.07) per procedure when ceiling suspended screens were used by main operators ranged from 18.5 to 30.3 µSv for the left eye and from 12.6 to 23.6 µSv for the right eye. Taking into account typical staff workload, the results show that the dose limit of 20 mSv/year to the eyes can be exceeded for interventional cardiologists in some situations, which demonstrates the need of using additional effective radiation protection tools, e.g. protective eye spectacles, in addition to the regular and proper use of ceiling suspended screens. With indications of increase in workload, the need for availability of a dedicated active dosimeter for the regular monitoring of eye doses is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari Alnaaimi
- Radiation Physics Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (KCCC), Shuwaikh, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Mousa Alduaij
- Radiation Physics Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (KCCC), Shuwaikh, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Faisal Shenawy
- Radiation Physics Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (KCCC), Shuwaikh, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Musab Algaily
- Radiation Physics Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (KCCC), Shuwaikh, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Talal Mohammedzein
- Radiation Physics Department, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (KCCC), Shuwaikh, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Radiation Protection Department, Shuwaikh, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Ali W, Sulieman A, Tamam N, Boshara N, Aldhebaib A, Alkhorayef M, Khandaker MU, Bradley D. Estimation of patients organ doses and staff exposure during bone scan examination. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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245
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Image-Based Evaluation of Irradiation Effects in Brain Tissues by Measuring Absolute Electrical Conductivity Using MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215490. [PMID: 34771653 PMCID: PMC8583433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced injury is damage to normal tissues caused by unintentional exposure to ionizing radiation. Image-based evaluation of tissue damage by irradiation has an advantage for the early assessment of therapeutic effects by providing sensitive information on minute tissue responses in situ. Recent magnetic resonance (MR)-based electrical conductivity imaging has shown potential as an effective early imaging biomarker for treatment response and radiation-induced injury. However, to be a tool for evaluating therapeutic effects, validation of its reliability and sensitivity according to various irradiation conditions is required. We performed MR-based electrical conductivity imaging on designed phantoms to confirm the effect of ionizing radiation at different doses and on in vivo mouse brains to distinguish tissue response depending on different doses and the elapsed time after irradiation. To quantify the irradiation effects, we measured the absolute conductivity of brain tissues and calculated relative conductivity changes based on the value of pre-irradiation. The conductivity of the phantoms with the distilled water and saline solution increased linearly with the irradiation doses. The conductivity of in vivo mouse brains showed different time-course variations and residual contrast depending on the irradiation doses. Future studies will focus on validation at long-term time points, including early and late delayed response and evaluation of irradiation effects in various tissue types.
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246
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Rivera-López R, García-López C, Sánchez-Moreno JM, Rivera-López RA, Almansa-López J, Rivera-Fernández R, Molina-Navarro E, Jiménez-Fernández M, Ortiz-Pérez S, Ramírez-Hernández JA. High Incidence of Cataracts in the Follow-Up of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215002. [PMID: 34768525 PMCID: PMC8584919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of cataracts is a well-known adverse effect of ionizing radiation, but little information is available on their incidence in patients after other medical procedures, such as cardiac catheterizations. The study objective was to determine the incidence of cataracts in a cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) and its association with radiation dose. The study analyzed the incidence of cataracts during the follow-up of 126 patients who underwent chronic total coronary PCI, using Cox regression to identify predictive factors of cataract development. The study included 126 patients, 86.9% male, with a mean age of 60.5 years (range, 55.0-68.0 years). Twenty-three (18.2% n = 23) developed cataracts during a mean follow-up of 49.5 months (range 37.3-64.5 months). A higher incidence was observed in patients who received more than 5 Gy (29.0% vs. 14.7%, Hazard ratio (HR = 2.84 [1.19-6.77]). Multivariate analysis revealed a relationship between cataract development during the follow-up and a receipt of radiation dose >5 Gy (HR = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.03-6.61]; p = 0.03), presence or history of predisposing eye disease (HR = 4.42, CI:1.57-12.40), diabetes (HR = 3.33 [1.22-9.24]), and older age, as in >57 (HR, 6.40 [1.81-22.61]). An elevated incidence of cataracts was observed in patients after PCI for CTO. The onset of cataracts is related to the radiation dose during catheterization, which is a potentially avoidable effect of which operators should be aware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rivera-López
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-M.); (E.M.-N.); (M.J.-F.); (J.A.R.-H.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Celia García-López
- Department of Ophtalmology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958020009
| | - José M. Sánchez-Moreno
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-M.); (E.M.-N.); (M.J.-F.); (J.A.R.-H.)
| | | | - Julio Almansa-López
- Radiophysics Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Eduardo Molina-Navarro
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-M.); (E.M.-N.); (M.J.-F.); (J.A.R.-H.)
| | - Miriam Jiménez-Fernández
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-M.); (E.M.-N.); (M.J.-F.); (J.A.R.-H.)
| | - Santiago Ortiz-Pérez
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Ophtalmology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
- University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - José A. Ramírez-Hernández
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (R.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-M.); (E.M.-N.); (M.J.-F.); (J.A.R.-H.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Medicine Department, University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain
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247
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Hamada N, Kawano KI, Nomura T, Furukawa K, Yusoff FM, Maruhashi T, Maeda M, Nakashima A, Higashi Y. Vascular Damage in the Aorta of Wild-Type Mice Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Sparing and Enhancing Effects of Dose Protraction. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5344. [PMID: 34771507 PMCID: PMC8582417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During medical (therapeutic or diagnostic) procedures or in other settings, the circulatory system receives ionizing radiation at various dose rates. Here, we analyzed prelesional changes in the circulatory system of wild-type mice at six months after starting acute, intermittent, or continuous irradiation with 5 Gy of photons. Independent of irradiation regimens, irradiation had little impact on left ventricular function, heart weight, and kidney weight. In the aorta, a single acute exposure delivered in 10 minutes led to structural disorganizations and detachment of the aortic endothelium, and intima-media thickening. These morphological changes were accompanied by increases in markers for profibrosis (TGF-β1), fibrosis (collagen fibers), proinflammation (TNF-α), and macrophages (F4/80 and CD68), with concurrent decreases in markers for cell adhesion (CD31 and VE-cadherin) and vascular functionality (eNOS) in the aortic endothelium. Compared with acute exposure, the magnitude of such aortic changes was overall greater when the same dose was delivered in 25 fractions spread over 6 weeks, smaller in 100 fractions over 5 months, and much smaller in chronic exposure over 5 months. These findings suggest that dose protraction alters vascular damage in the aorta, but in a way that is not a simple function of dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo 201-8511, Japan;
| | - Ki-ichiro Kawano
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.-i.K.); (F.M.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Takaharu Nomura
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo 201-8511, Japan;
| | - Kyoji Furukawa
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.-i.K.); (F.M.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.-i.K.); (F.M.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Makoto Maeda
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan;
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (K.-i.K.); (F.M.Y.); (T.M.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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248
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Elshami W, Tekin HO, Issa SAM, Abuzaid MM, Zakaly HMH, Issa B, Ene A. Impact of Eye and Breast Shielding on Organ Doses During Cervical Spine Radiography: Design and Validation of MIRD Computational Phantom. Front Public Health 2021; 9:751577. [PMID: 34746086 PMCID: PMC8569301 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.751577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to design and validate computational phantoms (MIRD) using the MCNPX code to assess the impact of shielding on organ doses. Method: To validate the optimized phantom, the obtained results were compared with experimental results. The validation of the optimized MIRD phantom was provided by using the results of a previous anthropomorphic phantom study. MIRD phantom was designed by considering the parameters used in the anthropomorphic phantom study. A test simulation was performed to compare the dose reduction percentages (%) between the experimental anthropomorphic phantom study and the MCNPX-MIRD phantom. The simulation was performed twice, with and without shielding materials, using the same number and locations of the detector. Results: The absorbed dose amounts were directly extracted from the required organ and tissue cell parts of output files. Dose reduction percentages between the simulation with shielding and simulation without shielding were compared. The highest dose reduction was noted in the thymus (95%) and breasts (88%). The obtained dose reduction percentages between the anthropomorphic phantom study and the MCNPX-MIRD phantom were highly consistent and correlated values with experimental anthropomorphic data. Both methods showed Relative Difference (%) ranges between 0.88 and 2.22. Moreover, the MCNPX-MIRD optimized phantom provides detailed dose analysis for target and non-target organs and can be used to assess the efficiency of shielding in radiological examination. Conclusion: Shielding breasts and eyes during cervical radiography reduced the radiation dose to many organs. The decision to not shield patients should be based on research evidence as this approach does not apply to all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiam Elshami
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huseyin Ozan Tekin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shams A. M. Issa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abuzaid
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hesham M. H. Zakaly
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Bashar Issa
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, INPOLDE Research Center, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
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249
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Belotta AF, Mayer MN, Koehncke NK, Carmalt J, Freitas FP, Waldner CL. Survey of self-reported radiation safety practices among North American veterinary technicians involved in equine radiography using portable x-ray equipment. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:919-926. [PMID: 34609178 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.8.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe self-reported radiation safety practices by equine veterinary technicians in North America and identify factors associated with these practices. SAMPLE 154 equine technicians. PROCEDURES An electronic questionnaire regarding radiation safety practices during the use of portable x-ray equipment was sent to 884 members of the American Association of Equine Veterinary Technicians and Assistants. Data were summarized, and various factors were evaluated for associations with reported safety practices. RESULTS 221 of 884 (25.0%) questionnaires were completed, including 154 by equine technicians who had been involved in equine radiography as x-ray tube operators, cassette holders, or both in the previous year. Lead apron use was suboptimal, reported as "always" for 80.0% (104/130) of tube operators and 83.1% (123/148) of cassette holders. Approximately 20% of participants never wore thyroid shields, and approximately 90% never wore lead eyeglasses. Almost 50% of participants did not have lead eyeglasses available. Although > 55% of participants always held the x-ray equipment by hand, 58.4% (73/125) of tube operators and 25.0% (35/140) of cassette holders never wore gloves. Cassette holders wore lead gloves and personal radiation dose-monitoring devices significantly more frequently than did tube operators. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compliance of North American equine technicians with radiation safety recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements was suboptimal. Improvements in radiation safety training and education, strengthening the connection between academic institutions and private practices, and greater availability and requirement of personal protective equipment use by senior clinicians and employers might aid in improving safety practices.
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250
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Mayer MN, Sukut SL, Blakley B, Waldner CL, Adesina K, Belotta AF, Koehncke NK. Workers should take steps to mitigate surface lead exposure when using lead-containing personal protective equipment. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 63:23-29. [PMID: 34637582 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary workers use lead shielding for protection against harm from ionizing radiation during diagnostic imaging. Surface lead on shielding has been reported as a potential exposure hazard. The purpose of this prospective, analytical, descriptive study was to measure surface lead on lead-containing shielding in the field service and small animal radiology areas of a veterinary teaching hospital, and to examine potential risk factors for surface lead. Surface lead on a convenience sample of 54 lead shielding items was measured in a commercial laboratory using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The median and range of surface lead for aprons, thyroid collars, and gloves were 3.6 μg/dm2 (range, 1.3-22.4 μg/dm2 ), 23.1 μg/dm2 (range, 2.6-116 μg/dm2 ), and 134 μg/dm2 (range, 1.5-155 μg/dm2 ), respectively. In the final multivariable analysis, the mean surface lead on thyroid collars and gloves was higher than on aprons (relative differences 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2, 10.5, P < 0.001; and 9.5, 95% CI 4.4, 20.6, P < 0.001, respectively). The mean surface lead on shielding in the worst condition was higher than on shielding in the intermediate and best conditions (P < 0.001). Lead shielding provides effective protection against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, and shielding should always be worn during radiation exposure. Based on our findings and the common use of lead shielding in veterinary workplaces, we recommend that employers inform workers of this hazard and provide training on steps to mitigate exposure, including the use of disposable gloves when wearing lead shielding and handwashing after use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique N Mayer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sally L Sukut
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Barry Blakley
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Waldner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kayode Adesina
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alexandra F Belotta
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Niels K Koehncke
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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