201
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Feeney EL, O'Sullivan A, Nugent AP, McNulty B, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney ER. Patterns of dairy food intake, body composition and markers of metabolic health in Ireland: results from the National Adult Nutrition Survey. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e243. [PMID: 28218736 PMCID: PMC5360859 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies examining the association between dairy consumption and metabolic health have shown mixed results. This may be due, in part, to the use of different definitions of dairy, and to single types of dairy foods examined in isolation. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine associations between dairy food intake and metabolic health, identify patterns of dairy food consumption and determine whether dairy dietary patterns are associated with outcomes of metabolic health, in a cross-sectional survey. Design: A 4-day food diary was used to assess food and beverage consumption, including dairy (defined as milk, cheese, yogurt, cream and butter) in free-living, healthy Irish adults aged 18–90 years (n=1500). Fasting blood samples (n=897) were collected, and anthropometric measurements taken. Differences in metabolic health markers across patterns and tertiles of dairy consumption were tested via analysis of covariance. Patterns of dairy food consumption, of different fat contents, were identified using cluster analysis. Results: Higher (total) dairy was associated with lower body mass index, %body fat, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (P<0.001), and lower systolic (P=0.02) and diastolic (P<0.001) blood pressure. Similar trends were observed when milk and yogurt intakes were considered separately. Higher cheese consumption was associated with higher C-peptide (P<0.001). Dietary pattern analysis identified three patterns (clusters) of dairy consumption; 'Whole milk', 'Reduced fat milks and yogurt' and 'Butter and cream'. The 'Reduced fat milks and yogurt' cluster had the highest scores on a Healthy Eating Index, and lower-fat and saturated fat intakes, but greater triglyceride levels (P=0.028) and total cholesterol (P=0.015). conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that while milk and yogurt consumption is associated with a favourable body phenotype, the blood lipid profiles are less favourable when eaten as part of a low-fat high-carbohydrate dietary pattern. More research is needed to better understand this association. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that although milk and yogurt consumption is associated with a favourable body phenotype, the blood lipid profiles are less favourable when eaten as part of a low-fat high-carbohydrate dietary pattern. More research is needed to better understand this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Feeney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A P Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Walton
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Flynn
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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202
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Hamdan IJA, Claumarchirant L, Garcia-Llatas G, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Sterols in infant formulas: validation of a gas chromatographic method. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:695-703. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1287883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam J. A. Hamdan
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Claumarchirant
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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203
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Wooding FBP, Mather IH. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evidence for the reorganisation of the milk fat globule membrane after secretion. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:283-295. [PMID: 27677271 PMCID: PMC5269472 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a detailed ultrastructural and immunocytochemical investigation of the structure of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in a variety of species. The process follows the same pattern in all mammals so far investigated. The initial (or primary) MFGM immediately on release from the mammary cell is a continuous unit membrane with a thin underlying layer of cytoplasmic origin and a monolayer of phospholipid separating it from the core lipid. This structure changes rapidly as the milk fat globule (MFG) moves into the alveolar lumen. The unit membrane plus the underlying layer of cytoplasm modifies drastically into discontinuous patches and networks. These are superimposed upon a continuous apparently structureless sheet of electron dense material stabilising the MFG and similar to that which bounded the lipid in the cell. The underlying layer of the patches increases in electron density and immunocytochemistry demonstrates localisation of MFGM proteins in this layer. In four species, the dense material shows ordered paracrystalline molecular arrays in section and en face views. All the arrays show the same basic pattern and unit size as determined by optical diffraction. Similar patches, networks and arrays are present on the surface of expressed MFG. Negative staining of lipid-extracted expressed MFGs shows similar patches and networks of membrane. These also occasionally show the crystalline arrays and label with MFGM protein antibodies. Similar networks and strands of plasma membrane on the MFG surface are shown by our CLSM examination of unfixed expressed MFG from mice genetically modified to express a fluorescent molecule as a normal plasma membrane constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Peter Wooding
- Physiology Neuroscience and Development Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Ian H Mather
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
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204
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Verardo V, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Arráez-Román D, Hettinga K. Recent Advances in Phospholipids from Colostrum, Milk and Dairy By-Products. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010173. [PMID: 28106745 PMCID: PMC5297805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most important foods for mammals, because it is the first form of feed providing energy, nutrients and immunological factors. In the last few years, milk lipids have attracted the attention of researchers due to the presence of several bioactive components in the lipid fraction. The lipid fraction of milk and dairy products contains several components of nutritional significance, such as ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, CLA, short chain fatty acids, gangliosides and phospholipids. Prospective cohort evidence has shown that phospholipids play an important role in the human diet and reinforce the possible relationship between their consumption and prevention of several chronic diseases. Because of these potential benefits of phospholipids in the human diet, this review is focused on the recent advances in phospholipids from colostrum, milk and dairy by-products. Phospholipid composition, its main determination methods and the health activities of these compounds will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Verardo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Ana Maria Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, c/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park (PTS) Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, EdificioBioregión, 18007 Granada, Spain.
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, c/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park (PTS) Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, EdificioBioregión, 18007 Granada, Spain.
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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205
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Lopez C, Cauty C, Rousseau F, Blot M, Margolis A, Famelart MH. Lipid droplets coated with milk fat globule membrane fragments: Microstructure and functional properties as a function of pH. Food Res Int 2017; 91:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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206
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Li H, Ma Y, Xu W, Chen H, Day L. MFG-E8 protein promotes C2C12myogenic differentiation by enhancing PI3K/Akt signaling. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of MFG-E8 on C2C12cell differentiation was analysed by immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Weili Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Li Day
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
- AgResearch Limited
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207
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Prebiotics and Bioactive Milk Fractions Affect Gut Development, Microbiota, and Neurotransmitter Expression in Piglets. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:688-697. [PMID: 27031373 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that the addition of prebiotics and 2 functional milk ingredients to infant formula would maintain normal growth and gut development, and modify microbiota composition and neurotransmitter gene expression in neonatal piglets. METHODS Two-day-old male piglets (n = 24) were fed formula (CONT) or formula with polydextrose (1.2 g/100 g diet), galactooligosaccharides (3.5 g/100 g diet), bovine lactoferrin (0.3 g/100 g diet), and milk fat globule membrane-10 (2.5 g/100 g diet) (TEST) for 30 days. On study day 31, intestinal samples, ileal and colonic contents, and feces were collected. Intestinal histomorphology, disaccharidase activity, serotonin (5'HT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were measured. Gut microbiota composition was assessed by pyrosequencing of the V3-V5 regions of 16S rRNA and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Body weight of piglets on TEST was greater (P ≤ 0.05) than CONT on days 17 to 30. Both groups displayed growth patterns within the range observed for sow-reared pigs. TEST piglets had greater jejunal lactase (P = 0.03) and higher (P = 0.003) ileal VIP expression. TEST piglets tended to have greater (P = 0.09) sucrase activity, longer (P = 0.08) ileal villi, and greater (P = 0.06) duodenal TH expression. Microbial communities of TEST piglets differed from CONT in ascending colon (AC, P = 0.001) and feces (P ≤ 0.05). CONT piglets had greater relative abundances of Mogibacterium, Collinsella, Klebsiella, Escherichia/Shigella, Eubacterium, and Roseburia compared with TEST piglets in AC. In feces, CONT piglets harbored lower (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of Parabacteroides, Clostridium IV, Lutispora, and Sutterella than TEST piglets. CONCLUSIONS A mixture of bioactive ingredients improved weight gain and gut maturation, modulated colonic and fecal microbial composition, and reduced the proportions of opportunistic pathogens.
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208
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Casein precipitation by acid and rennet coagulation of buttermilk: Impact of pH and temperature on the isolation of milk fat globule membrane proteins. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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209
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Holzmüller W, Kulozik U. Isolation of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) material by coagulation and diafiltration of buttermilk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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210
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Antimicrobial activity of buttermilk and lactoferrin peptide extracts on poultry pathogens. J DAIRY RES 2016; 83:497-504. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029916000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used in poultry feed as growth promoters. This practice is questioned given the arising importance of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides can be used as food additives for a potent alternative to synthetic or semi-synthetic antibiotics. The objective of this study was to develop a peptide production method based on membrane adsorption chromatography in order to produce extracts with antimicrobial activity against avian pathogens (Salmonella entericavar. Enteritidis,Salmonella entericavar. Typhimurium, and twoEscherichia colistrains, O78:H80 and TK3 O1:K1) as well asStaphylococcus aureus. To achieve this, buttermilk powder and purified lactoferrin were digested with pepsin. The peptide extracts (<10 kDa) were fractionated depending on their charges through high-capacity cation-exchange and anion-exchange adsorptive membranes. The yields of cationic peptide extracts were 6·3 and 15·4% from buttermilk and lactoferrin total peptide extracts, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the microdilution technique on microplates. Our results indicate that the buttermilk cationic peptide extracts were bactericidal at less than 5 mg/ml against the selected avian strains, with losses of 1·7 log CFU/ml (Salm.Typhimurium) to 3 log CFU/ml (E. coliO78:H80); viability decreased by 1·5 log CFU/ml forStaph. aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium. Anionic and non-adsorbed peptide extracts were inactive at 5 mg/ml. These results demonstrate that membrane adsorption chromatography is an effective way to prepare a cationic peptide extract from buttermilk that is active against avian pathogens.
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211
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Yang M, Peng X, Wu J, Wu RN, Liu B, Ye W, Xu X, Yue X. Differential proteomic analysis of milk fat globule membrane proteins in human and bovine colostrum by iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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212
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Jukkola A, Partanen R, Rojas O, Heino A. Separation of milk fat globules via microfiltration: Effect of diafiltration media and opportunities for stream valorization. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8644-8654. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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213
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Edén J, Dejmek P, Löfgren R, Paulsson M, Glantz M. Native milk fat globule size and its influence on whipping properties. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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214
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Holzmüller W, Kulozik U. Technical difficulties and future challenges in isolating membrane material from milk fat globules in industrial settings – A critical review. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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215
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Comparative proteomics of milk fat globule membrane in goat colostrum and mature milk. Food Chem 2016; 209:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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216
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The temperature-dependent physical state of polar lipids and their miscibility impact the topography and mechanical properties of bilayer models of the milk fat globule membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2181-2190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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217
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Pimentel L, Gomes A, Pintado M, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Isolation and Analysis of Phospholipids in Dairy Foods. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:9827369. [PMID: 27610267 PMCID: PMC5005530 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9827369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lipid fraction of milk is one of the most complex matrixes in foodstuffs due to the presence of a high number of moieties with different physical and chemical properties. Glycerolipids include glycerol and two fatty acids esterified in positions sn-1 and sn-2 with higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids than in the triglyceride fraction of milk. Sphingolipids consist of a sphingoid base linked to a fatty acid across an amide bond. Their amphiphilic nature makes them suitable to be added into a variety of foods and recent investigations show that phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin, can exert antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities as well as positive effects in Alzheimer's disease, stress, and memory decline. Polar lipids can be found as natural constituents in the membranes of all living organisms with soybean and eggs as the principal industrial sources, yet they have low contents in phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Animal products are rich sources of these compounds but since there are legal restrictions to avoid transmission of prions, milk and dairy products are gaining interest as alternative sources. This review summarizes the analysis of polar lipids in dairy products including sample preparation (extraction and fractionation/isolation) and analysis by GC or HPLC and the latest research works using ELSD, CAD, and MS detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Pimentel
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fábrica N° 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
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218
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Holzmüller W, Müller M, Himbert D, Kulozik U. Impact of cream washing on fat globules and milk fat globule membrane proteins. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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219
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Kuchta-Noctor AM, Murray BA, Stanton C, Devery R, Kelly PM. Anticancer Activity of Buttermilk Against SW480 Colon Cancer Cells is Associated with Caspase-Independent Cell Death and Attenuation of Wnt, Akt, and ERK Signaling. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1234-46. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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220
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Murthy AVR, Guyomarc'h F, Lopez C. Cholesterol Decreases the Size and the Mechanical Resistance to Rupture of Sphingomyelin Rich Domains, in Lipid Bilayers Studied as a Model of the Milk Fat Globule Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6757-6765. [PMID: 27300157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin-rich microdomains have been observed in the biological membrane surrounding milk fat globules (MFGM). The role played by cholesterol in these domains and in the physical properties and functions of the MFGM remains poorly understood. The objective of this work was therefore to investigate the phase state, topography, and mechanical properties of MFGM polar lipid bilayers as a function of cholesterol concentration, by combining X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy imaging, and force spectroscopy. At room temperature, i.e. below the phase transition temperature of the MFGM polar lipids, the bilayers showed the formation of sphingomyelin-rich domains in the solid ordered (so) phase that protruded about 1 nm above the liquid disordered (ld) phase. These so phase domains have a higher mechanical resistance to rupture than the ld phase (30 nN versus 15 nN). Addition of cholesterol in the MFGM polar lipid bilayers (i) induced the formation of liquid ordered (lo) phase for up to 27 mol % in the bilayers, (ii) decreased the height difference between the thicker ordered domains and the surrounding ld phase, (iii) promoted the formation of small sized domains, and (iv) decreased the mechanical resistance to rupture of the sphingomyelin-rich domains down to ∼5 nN. The biological and functional relevance of the lo phase cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich domains in the membrane surrounding fat globules in milk remains to be elucidated. This study brought new insight about the functional role of cholesterol in milk polar lipid ingredients, which can be used in the preparation of food emulsions, e.g. infant milk formulas.
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221
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Castro-Gómez P, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Monteiro KM, Ruiz ALTG, Carvalho JE, Fontecha J. Antiproliferative activity of buttermilk lipid fractions isolated using food grade and non-food grade solvents on human cancer cell lines. Food Chem 2016; 212:695-702. [PMID: 27374586 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Buttermilk is a dairy by-product with a high content of milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs), whose protein constituents are reported to be antiproliferative. Lipids represent about half of the composition of MFGM. The aim of this study was to isolate buttermilk lipid fractions and evaluate their potential antiproliferative effect. Selective extraction with food grade or non-food grade solvents was performed. Antiproliferative effectiveness of lipid extracts and their neutral and polar fractions was evaluated on nine human cancer cell lines. Fractions obtained using food grade ethanol gave a higher yield than those obtained using non-food grade solvents, and they effectively inhibited cell viability of the cancer cell lines investigated. These fractions, rich in phospho- and sphingolipids, were strongly antiproliferative against human ovary and colon cancer cells. This observation allowed us to hypothesize further analyses aimed at promoting the use of buttermilk polar lipid fractions as functional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Castro-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Group of Food lipid biomarkers and health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Group of Food lipid biomarkers and health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karin M Monteiro
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Rua Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Ana L T G Ruiz
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Rua Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil
| | - João E Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Rua Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas State University, Rua Sergio Buarque de Hollanda, 13083-259 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Group of Food lipid biomarkers and health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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222
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Holzmüller W, Kulozik U. Quantification of MFGM proteins in buttermilk and butter serum by means of a stain free SDS-PAGE method. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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223
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Donovan SM, Lönnerdal B. Introduction: Emerging Roles of Bioactive Components in Pediatric Nutrition. J Pediatr 2016; 173 Suppl:S1-3. [PMID: 27234405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
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224
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Effects of dietary milk- and soya-phospholipids on lipid-parameters and other risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases in overweight or obese men - two double-blind, randomised, controlled, clinical trials. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e21. [PMID: 27293558 PMCID: PMC4891556 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of milk phospholipids (milk-PL) on lipid metabolism and on other risk factors for CVD, in comparison with milk fat (control) or soya phospholipids (soya-PL), respectively. Two double-blind parallel-group intervention trials were conducted in overweight or obese male subjects. In the first trial (trial 1), sixty-two men consumed milk enriched with either 2 g milk-PL or 2 g milk fat (control) for 8 weeks. In trial 2, fifty-seven men consumed milk enriched with either 3 g milk-PL or 2·8 g soya-PL for 7 weeks. In trial 1, milk-PL as compared with control reduced waist circumference but did not affect plasma lipids (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG, phospholipids), apoB, apoA1, glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity index, C-reactive protein, IL-6, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule and total homocysteine (tHcy). Serum activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were not changed. Activity of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver, increased in the control but not in the milk-PL group, with a significant intervention effect. In trial 2, milk-PL as compared with soya-PL did not affect the above-mentioned parameters, but decreased GGT. Subjects with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations CT and TT had 11 % (P < 0·05) higher baseline tHcy concentrations than those with the wild-type CC. However, genotype did not modulate the phospholipid intervention effect on tHcy. In conclusion, supplementation with milk-PL as compared with control fat reduced waist circumference and, as compared with both control fat and soya-PL, GGT activity.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVD
- GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase
- HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol
- HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
- Human nutrition
- LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol
- MFGM, milk fat globule membrane
- MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Milk phospholipids
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PL, phospholipid
- Plasma lipids
- SM, sphingomyelin
- Soya phospholipids
- TC, total cholesterol
- tHcy, total homocysteine
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225
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Yang M, Cong M, Peng X, Wu J, Wu R, Liu B, Ye W, Yue X. Quantitative proteomic analysis of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk samples through iTRAQ labeling. Food Funct 2016; 7:2438-50. [PMID: 27159491 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00083e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins have many functions. To explore the different proteomics of human and bovine MFGM, MFGM proteins were separated from human and bovine colostrum and mature milk, and analyzed by the iTRAQ proteomic approach. A total of 411 proteins were recognized and quantified. Among these, 232 kinds of differentially expressed proteins were identified. These differentially expressed proteins were analyzed based on multivariate analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation and KEGG pathway. Biological processes involved were response to stimulus, localization, establishment of localization, and the immune system process. Cellular components engaged were the extracellular space, extracellular region parts, cell fractions, and vesicles. Molecular functions touched upon were protein binding, nucleotide binding, and enzyme inhibitor activity. The KEGG pathway analysis showed several pathways, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, neurotrophin signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, tight junction, complement and coagulation cascades, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway, and adherens junction. These results enhance our understanding of different proteomes of human and bovine MFGM across different lactation phases, which could provide important information and potential directions for the infant milk powder and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
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226
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Barry KM, Dinan TG, Murray BA, Kelly PM. Comparison of dairy phospholipid preparative extraction protocols in combination with analysis by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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227
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Lambert S, Leconte N, Blot M, Rousseau F, Robert B, Camier B, Gassi JY, Cauty C, Lopez C, Gésan-Guiziou G. The lipid content and microstructure of industrial whole buttermilk and butter serum affect the efficiency of skimming. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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228
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Ferreiro T, Martínez S, Gayoso L, Rodríguez-Otero JL. Evolution of phospholipid contents during the production of quark cheese from buttermilk. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4154-4159. [PMID: 27060823 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the evolution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and sphingomyelin (SM) contents during the production of quark cheese from buttermilk by successive ultrafiltration concentration, enrichment with cream, concurrent homogenization and pasteurization, fermentative coagulation, and separation of quark from whey by further ultrafiltration. Buttermilk is richer than milk itself in phospholipids that afford desirable functional and technological properties, and is widely used in dairy products. To investigate how phospholipid content is affected by end-product production processes such as ultrafiltration, homogenization, pasteurization or coagulation, we measured the phospholipids at several stages of each of 5 industrial-scale quark cheese production runs. In each run, 10,000L of buttermilk was concentrated to half volume by ultrafiltration, enriched with cream, homogenized, pasteurized, inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, incubated to coagulation, and once more concentrated to half volume by ultrafiltration. Phospholipid contents were determined by HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection in the starting buttermilk, concentrated buttermilk, ultrafiltrate, cream-enriched concentrated buttermilk (both before and after concurrent homogenization and pasteurization), coagulate, and quark, and also in the rinsings obtained when the ultrafiltration equipment was washed following initial concentration. The average phospholipid content of buttermilk was approximately 5 times that of milk, and the phospholipid content of buttermilk fat 26 to 29 times that of milk fat. Although phospholipids did not cross ultrafiltration membranes, significant losses occurred during ultrafiltration (due to retention on the membranes) and during the homogenization and pasteurization process. During coagulation, however, phospholipid content rose, presumably as a consequence of the proliferation of the inoculated lactic acid bacteria. In spite of these changes in total phospholipid content, the relative proportions of the phospholipids studied remain fairly stable throughout quark production (PE>PC>SM>PS>PI) and similar to those found in the milk of the region, except that SM content was lower than in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ferreiro
- Instituto de Investigación e Análises Aliimentarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Veterinaria, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - S Martínez
- INNOLACT S.L. Poligono Industrial, Castro de Ribeiras de Lea, 27260 Lugo, Spain
| | - L Gayoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Análises Aliimentarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Veterinaria, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J L Rodríguez-Otero
- Instituto de Investigación e Análises Aliimentarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Veterinaria, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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229
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Lu J, Argov-Argaman N, Anggrek J, Boeren S, van Hooijdonk T, Vervoort J, Hettinga KA. The protein and lipid composition of the membrane of milk fat globules depends on their size. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4726-4738. [PMID: 26995123 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In bovine milk, fat globules (MFG) have a heterogeneous size distribution with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 15 µm. Although efforts have been made to explain differences in lipid composition, little is known about the protein composition of MFG membranes (MFGM) in different sizes of MFG. In this study, protein and lipid analyses were combined to study MFG formation and secretion. Two different sized MFG fractions (7.6±0.9 µm and 3.3±1.2 µm) were obtained by centrifugation. The protein composition of MFGM in the large and small MFG fractions was compared using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics techniques. The lipid composition and fatty acid composition of MFG was determined using HPLC-evaporative light-scattering detector and gas chromatography, respectively. Two frequently studied proteins in lipid droplet biogenesis, perilipin-2 and TIP47, were increased in the large and small MFG fractions, respectively. In the large MFG fraction, besides perilipin-2, cytoplasmic vesicle proteins (heat shock proteins, 14-3-3 proteins, and Rabs), microfilaments and intermediate filament-related proteins (actin and vimentin), host defense proteins (cathelicidins), and phosphatidylinositol were higher in concentration. On the other hand, cholesterol synthesis enzymes [lanosterol synthase and sterol-4-α-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)], cholesterol, unsaturated fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine were, besides TIP47, higher in concentration in the small MFG fraction. These results suggest that vesicle proteins, microfilaments and intermediate filaments, cholesterol, and specific phospholipids play an important role in lipid droplet growth, secretion, or both. The observations from this study clearly demonstrated the difference in protein and lipid composition between small and large MFG fractions. Studying the role of these components in more detail in future experiments may lead to a better understanding of fat globule formation and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jeni Anggrek
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Toon van Hooijdonk
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper Arthur Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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230
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Jin HH, Lu Q, Jiang JG. Curcumin liposomes prepared with milk fat globule membrane phospholipids and soybean lecithin. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1780-1790. [PMID: 26774724 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using thin film ultrasonic dispersion method, the curcumin liposomes were prepared with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) phospholipids and soybean lecithins, respectively, to compare the characteristics and stability of the 2 curcumin liposomes. The processing parameters of curcumin liposomes were investigated to evaluate their effects on the encapsulation efficiency. Curcumin liposomes were characterized in terms of size distribution, ζ-potential, and in vitro release behavior, and then their storage stability under various conditions was evaluated. The curcumin liposomes prepared with MFGM phospholipids had an encapsulation efficiency of about 74%, an average particle size of 212.3 nm, and a ζ-potential of -48.60 mV. The MFGM liposomes showed higher encapsulation efficiency, smaller particle size, higher absolute value of ζ-potential, and slower in vitro release than soybean liposomes. The retention rate of liposomal curcumin was significantly higher than that of free curcumin. The stability of the 2 liposomes under different pH was almost the same, but MFGM liposomes displayed a slightly higher stability than soybean liposomes under the conditions of Fe(3+), light, temperature, oxygen, and relative humidity. In conclusion, MFGM phospholipids have potential advantages in the manufacture of curcumin liposomes used in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Jin
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 470070, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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231
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232
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Tang H, He S, Peng F, Wang R, Li Q, Ma Y. The effects of milk fat globule membrane and its individual components on dough properties and bread quality. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), milk fat globule membrane protein (MFGMP) and milk fat globule membrane lipid (MFGML) on dough properties and bread quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Tang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Shenghua He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Fangshuai Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
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233
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MINEGISHI Y, OTA N, SOGA S, SHIMOTOYODOME A. Effects of Nutritional Supplementation with Milk Fat Globule Membrane on Physical and Muscle Function in Healthy Adults Aged 60 and Over with Semiweekly Light Exercise: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 62:409-415. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Satoko SOGA
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation
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234
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Gassi JY, Blot M, Beaucher E, Robert B, Leconte N, Camier B, Rousseau F, Bourlieu C, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Lambert S, Gésan-Guiziou G, Lopez C, Gaucheron F. Preparation and characterisation of a milk polar lipids enriched ingredient from fresh industrial liquid butter serum: Combination of physico-chemical modifications and technological treatments. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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235
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Nakamura A, Miyado K, Yamatoya K, Kawano N, Umezawa A. Breast milk stimulates growth hormone secretion in infant mice, and phosphorus insufficiency disables this ability and causes dwarfism-like symptoms. Regen Ther 2015; 2:49-56. [PMID: 31245459 PMCID: PMC6581769 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast milk intake facilitates neonatal growth, and its effect is assumed to last long into the adulthood. We recently reported that dietary phosphorus insufficiency reduces the ability of breast milk to promote infant growth in mice. However, how phosphorus confers this ability to milk is still unclear. METHODS To address this issue, we performed biochemical and physiological comparisons of milk secreted from C57BL/6J mice fed a low-phosphorus diet (LPD) or a normal-phosphorus control diet. RESULTS Although serum phosphorus concentration was decreased, the body weight of mother mice was unaffected. By contrast, infant body weight was significantly reduced, and dwarfism-like symptoms were observed in adulthood. Quantitative analysis revealed that the serum concentration of growth hormone (GH) was substantially reduced, and concomitantly insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 23 were decreased. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed ectopic fat accumulation in the livers of infant mice along with increased blood cholesterol level. Moreover, electron microscopy indicated fragility of the outer membrane of milk droplets. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that phosphorus is essential for the formation of milk droplets, which function as a stimulator of growth factor secretion in infant offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakamura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda 5-10-1, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamatoya
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Perinatal Medicine and Maternal Care, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kawano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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236
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Lopez C, Cauty C, Guyomarc'h F. Organization of lipids in milks, infant milk formulas and various dairy products: role of technological processes and potential impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 95:863-893. [PMID: 26568788 PMCID: PMC4641158 DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure of milk fat in processed dairy products is poorly known despite its importance in their functional, sensorial and nutritional properties. However, for the last 10 years, several research groups including our laboratory have significantly contributed to increasing knowledge on the organization of lipids in situ in dairy products. This paper provides an overview of recent advances on the organization of lipids in the milk fat globule membrane using microscopy techniques (mainly confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy). Also, this overview brings structural information about the organization of lipids in situ in commercialized milks, infant milk formulas and various dairy products (cream, butter, buttermilk, butter serum and cheeses). The main mechanical treatment used in the dairy industry, homogenization, decreases the size of milk fat globules, changes the architecture (composition and organization) of the fat/water interface and affects the interactions between lipid droplets and the protein network (concept of inert vs active fillers). The potential impacts of the organization of lipids and of the alteration of the milk fat globule membrane are discussed, and technological strategies are proposed, in priority to design biomimetic lipid droplets in infant milk formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lopez
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France ; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Chantal Cauty
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France ; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fanny Guyomarc'h
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France ; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France
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237
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Castro-Gómez P, Garcia-Serrano A, Visioli F, Fontecha J. Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:41-51. [PMID: 26242691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids participate in a variety of indispensable metabolic, neurological, and intracellular signaling processes. In this didactic paper we review the biological roles of phospholipids and try to unravel the precise nature of their putative healthful activities. We conclude that the biological actions of phospholipids activities potentially be nutraceutically exploited in the adjunct therapy of widely diffused pathologies such as neurodegeneration or the metabolic syndrome. As phospholipids can be recovered from inexpensive sources such as food processing by-products, ad-hoc investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castro-Gómez
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Serrano
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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238
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Structural characterisation of the acyl CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene and association studies with milk traits in Assaf sheep breed. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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239
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Nguyen V, Duong CT, Vu V. Effect of thermal treatment on physical properties and stability of whipping and whipped cream. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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240
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Higurashi S, Haruta-Ono Y, Urazono H, Kobayashi T, Kadooka Y. Improvement of skin condition by oral supplementation with sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6706-12. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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241
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Composition and microstructure of colostrum and mature bovine milk fat globule membrane. Food Chem 2015; 185:362-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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242
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Murthy AVR, Guyomarc'h F, Paboeuf G, Vié V, Lopez C. Cholesterol strongly affects the organization of lipid monolayers studied as models of the milk fat globule membrane: Condensing effect and change in the lipid domain morphology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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243
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Gallier S, Vocking K, Post JA, Van De Heijning B, Acton D, Van Der Beek EM, Van Baalen T. A novel infant milk formula concept: Mimicking the human milk fat globule structure. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:329-39. [PMID: 26432620 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) provides all nutrients to support an optimal growth and development of the neonate. The composition and structure of HM lipids, the most important energy provider, have an impact on the digestion, uptake and metabolism of lipids. In HM, the lipids are present in the form of dispersed fat globules: large fat droplets enveloped by a phospholipid membrane. Currently, infant milk formula (Control IMF) contains small fat droplets primarily coated by proteins. Recently, a novel IMF concept (Concept IMF) was developed with a different lipid architecture, Nuturis(®), comprising large fat droplets with a phospholipid coating. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), with appropriate fluorescent probes, and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine and compare the interfacial composition and structure of HM fat globules, Concept IMF fat droplets and Control IMF fat droplets. The presence of a trilayer-structured HM fat globule membrane, composed of phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins and cholesterol, was confirmed; in addition exosome-like vesicles are observed within cytoplasmic crescents. The Control IMF fat droplets had a thick protein-only interface. The Concept IMF fat droplets showed a very thin interface composed of a mixture of phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol. Furthermore, the Concept IMF contained fragments of milk fat globule membrane, which has been suggested to have potential biological functions in infants. By mimicking more closely the structure and composition of HM fat globules, this novel IMF concept with Nuturis(®) may have metabolic and digestive properties that are more similar to HM compared to Control IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gallier
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Vocking
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Andries Post
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Van De Heijning
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Acton
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M Van Der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Matrix Building #05-01B, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Ton Van Baalen
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
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Effect of heating whey proteins in the presence of milk fat globule membrane extract or phospholipids from buttermilk. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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246
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Altamirano GA, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Luque EH, Gómez AL, Delconte MB, Kass L. Milk lipid composition is modified by perinatal exposure to bisphenol A. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:258-67. [PMID: 25976663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate whether bisphenol A (BPA) modifies the synthesis, composition and/or profile of fatty acids (FAs) in the mammary glands of perinatally exposed animals, pregnant rats were orally exposed to 0, 0.6 or 52 µg BPA/kg/day from gestation day (GD) 9 until weaning. F1 females were bred, and on GD21, lactation day 2 (LD2) and LD10, mammary glands were obtained. On LD10, milk samples were collected, and FA profiles and lipid compositions were established. On GD21 and LD2, BPA exposure delayed mammary alveolar maturation and modified the synthesis of milk fat globules. On LD10, mammary gland histo-architecture was restored; however, the milk of BPA-exposed F1 dams had a FA profile and lipid concentration different from those of the control milk. Furthermore, the body weight gain of BPA52 F2 pups was increased compared with control animals. Thus, perinatal exposure to BPA modifies milk quality, compromising the normal growth of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ayelén L Gómez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Melisa B Delconte
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Lecomte M, Bourlieu C, Meugnier E, Penhoat A, Cheillan D, Pineau G, Loizon E, Trauchessec M, Claude M, Ménard O, Géloën A, Laugerette F, Michalski MC. Milk Polar Lipids Affect In Vitro Digestive Lipolysis and Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:1770-7. [PMID: 26136586 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.212068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polar lipid (PL) emulsifiers such as milk PLs (MPLs) may affect digestion and subsequent lipid metabolism, but focused studies on postprandial lipemia are lacking. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the impact of MPLs on postprandial lipemia in mice and on lipid digestion in vitro. METHODS Female Swiss mice were gavaged with 150 μL of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with 5.7 mg of either MPLs or soybean PLs (SPLs) and killed after 1, 2, or 4 h. Plasma lipids were quantified and in the small intestine, gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Emulsions were lipolyzed in vitro using a static human digestion model; triglyceride (TG) disappearance was followed by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS In mice, after 1 h, plasma TGs tended to be higher in the MPL group than in the SPL group (141 μg/mL vs. 90 μg/mL; P = 0.07) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were significantly higher (64 μg/mL vs. 44 μg/mL; P < 0.05). The opposite was observed after 4 h with lower TGs (21 μg/mL vs. 35 μg/mL; P < 0.01) and NEFAs (20 μg/mL vs. 32 μg/mL; P < 0.01) in the MPL group compared with the SPL group. This was associated at 4 h with a lower gene expression of apolipoprotein B (Apob) and Secretion Associated, Ras related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b), in the duodenum of MPL mice compared with SPL mice (P < 0.05). In vitro, during the intestinal phase, TGs were hydrolyzed more in the MPL emulsion than in the SPL emulsion (decremental AUCs were 1750%/min vs. 180%/min; P < 0.01). MPLs enhance lipid intestinal hydrolysis and promote more rapid intestinal lipid absorption and sharper kinetics of lipemia. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial lipemia in mice can be modulated by emulsifying with MPLs compared with SPLs, partly through differences in chylomicron assembly, and TG hydrolysis rate as observed in vitro. MPLs may thereby contribute to the long-term regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lecomte
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Cheillan
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France; Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Gaëlle Pineau
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and
| | - Michèle Trauchessec
- Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Claude
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Olivia Ménard
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Géloën
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
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248
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Svanborg S, Johansen AG, Abrahamsen RK, Skeie SB. The composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates produced from buttermilk are comparable with those of whey protein concentrates produced from skimmed milk. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5829-40. [PMID: 26142868 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The demand for whey protein is increasing in the food industry. Traditionally, whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates are produced from cheese whey. At present, microfiltration (MF) enables the utilization of whey from skim milk (SM) through milk protein fractionation. This study demonstrates that buttermilk (BM) can be a potential source for the production of a WPC with a comparable composition and functional properties to a WPC obtained by MF of SM. Through the production of WPC powder and a casein- and phospholipid (PL)-rich fraction by the MF of BM, sweet BM may be used in a more optimal and economical way. Sweet cream BM from industrial churning was skimmed before MF with 0.2-µm ceramic membranes at 55 to 58°C. The fractionations of BM and SM were performed under the same conditions using the same process, and the whey protein fractions from BM and SM were concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. The ultrafiltration and diafiltration was performed at 50°C using pasteurized tap water and a membrane with a 20-kDa cut-off to retain as little lactose as possible in the final WPC powders. The ultrafiltrates were subsequently spray dried, and their functional properties and chemical compositions were compared. The amounts of whey protein and PL in the WPC powder from BM (BMWPC) were comparable to the amounts found in the WPC from SM (SMWPC); however, the composition of the PL classes differed. The BMWPC contained less total protein, casein, and lactose compared with SMWPC, as well as higher contents of fat and citric acid. No difference in protein solubility was observed at pH values of 4.6 and 7.0, and the overrun was the same for BMWPC and SMWPC; however, the BMWPC made less stable foam than SMWPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Svanborg
- TINE SA R&D, Kalbakken, PO Box 7, Kalbakken, 0901, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Anne-Grethe Johansen
- TINE SA R&D, Kalbakken, PO Box 7, Kalbakken, 0901, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Roger K Abrahamsen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Siv B Skeie
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Hari S, Ochiai R, Shioya Y, Katsuragi Y. Safety evaluation of the consumption of high dose milk fat globule membrane in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with parallel group design. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1172-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Consumption of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in combination with habitual exercise suppresses age-associated muscle loss. The effects of high dose MFGM, however, are not known. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial with parallel group design was conducted to evaluate the safety of consuming high dose MFGM tablets. The subjects were 32 healthy adult men and women. Subjects were given 5 times the recommended daily intake of the tablets containing 6.5 g of MFGM or whole milk powder for 4 weeks. Stomach discomfort and diarrhea were observed; however, these symptoms were transitory and slight and were not related to consumption of the test tablets. In addition, there were no clinically significant changes in anthropometric measurements or blood tests. Total degree of safety assessed by the physicians of all subjects was “safe.” These findings suggest that consumption of the tablets containing 6.5 g MFGM for 4 weeks is safe for healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Hari
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ochiai
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shioya
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Rosqvist F, Smedman A, Lindmark-Månsson H, Paulsson M, Petrus P, Straniero S, Rudling M, Dahlman I, Risérus U. Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:20-30. [PMID: 26016870 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butter is rich in saturated fat [saturated fatty acids (SFAs)] and can increase plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, compared with other dairy foods, butter is low in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) content, which encloses the fat. We hypothesized that different dairy foods may have distinct effects on plasma lipids because of a varying content of MFGM. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether the effects of milk fat on plasma lipids and cardiometabolic risk markers are modulated by the MFGM content. DESIGN The study was an 8-wk, single-blind, randomized, controlled isocaloric trial with 2 parallel groups including overweight men and women (n = 57 randomly assigned). For the intervention, subjects consumed 40 g milk fat/d as either whipping cream (MFGM diet) or butter oil (control diet). Intervention foods were matched for total fat, protein, carbohydrates, and calcium. Subjects were discouraged from consuming any other dairy products during the study. Plasma markers of cholesterol absorption and hepatic cholesterol metabolism were assessed together with global gene-expression analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS As expected, the control diet increased plasma lipids, whereas the MFGM diet did not [total cholesterol (±SD): +0.30 ± 0.49 compared with -0.04 ± 0.49 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.024); LDL cholesterol: +0.36 ± 0.50 compared with +0.04 ± 0.36 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.024); apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A-I ratio: +0.03 ± 0.09 compared with -0.05 ± 0.10 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.007); and non-HDL cholesterol: +0.24 ± 0.49 compared with -0.14 ± 0.51 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.013)]. HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, sitosterol, lathosterol, campesterol, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 plasma concentrations and fatty acid compositions did not differ between groups. Nineteen genes were differentially regulated between groups, and these genes were mostly correlated with lipid changes. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to milk fat without MFGM, milk fat enclosed by MFGM does not impair the lipoprotein profile. The mechanism is not clear although suppressed gene expression by MFGM correlated inversely with plasma lipids. The food matrix should be considered when evaluating cardiovascular aspects of different dairy foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01767077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rosqvist
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Smedman
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Dairy Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Lindmark-Månsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Dairy Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Paulsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Mats Rudling
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
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