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Effects of Icariin on Atherosclerosis and Predicted Function Regulatory Network in ApoE Deficient Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9424186. [PMID: 30533443 PMCID: PMC6247691 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9424186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Icariin plays a pivotal role in ameliorating atherosclerosis for animal models although its comprehensive biological role remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to fully understand the effects of icariin on atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-induced ApoE-/- mice and investigate mRNA-miRNA regulation based on microarray and bioinformatics analysis. Methods. The areas of atherosclerotic lesions in en face aorta were evaluated. Microarray analysis was performed on atherosclerotic aortic tissues. The integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA profiling was utilized to suggest specific functions of gene and supply an integrated and corresponding method to study the protective effect of icariin on atherosclerosis. Results. Icariin attenuated the development of atherosclerosis that the mean atherosclerotic lesion area was reduced by 5.8% (P < 0.05). Significant changes were observed in mRNA and miRNA expression patterns. Several miRNAs obtained from the miRNA-Gene-Network might play paramount part in antiatherosclerotic effect of icariin, such as mmu-miR-6931-5p, mmu-miR-3547-5p, mmu-miR-5107-5p, mmu-miR-6368, and mmu-miR-7118-5p. Specific miRNAs and GO terms associated with icariin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis were validated using GO analysis and miRNA-GO-Network. MiRNA-Pathway-Network indicated that icariin induced miRNAs mainly regulate the signaling pathways of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway in aorta atherosclerotic lesion. Conclusions. Our data provides evidence that icariin is able to exhibit one antiatherosclerotic action by mediating multiple biological processes or cascades, suggesting the pleiotropic effects of icariin in atherosclerosis alleviation. The identified gene functional categories and pathways are potentially valuable targets for future development of RNA-guided gene regulation to fight disease.
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202
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The Influencing Factors of Serum Lipids among Middle-aged Women in Northeast China. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:1660-1666. [PMID: 30581781 PMCID: PMC6294850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a common and serious health problem, especially in middle-aged women. We aimed to reveal quantile-specific associations of serum lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)] with influencing factors in middle-aged women. METHODS A sample of 5635 participants were enrolled from Jilin, China, in 2012. Quantile regression (QR) model was performed to identify factors which influenced serum lipids in different quantiles. RESULTS The influencing factors of TG, TC, LDL-c and HDL-c were different. Waist circumference (WC), menopause, smoking, diabetes and hypertension were positively associated with TG in almost all quantiles; Menopause and age were positively associated with TC in almost all quantiles. WC, living in urban areas and alcohol consumption were positively associated with TC in low and middle quantiles, diabetes was positively associated with TC from P50 to P95. The result of LDL-c was similar to TC; BMI was negatively associated with HDL-c from P50 to P90. WC and diabetes were negatively associated with HDL-c from P5 to P90. CONCLUSION Among middle-aged women, menopause, diabetes and WC were the main factors affecting the serum lipids. Postmenopausal women would get more risk in increasing the level of serum lipids.
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203
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Libby P, Loscalzo J, Ridker PM, Farkouh ME, Hsue PY, Fuster V, Hasan AA, Amar S. Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection in Atherothrombosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:2071-2081. [PMID: 30336831 PMCID: PMC6196735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Observations on human and experimental atherosclerosis, biomarker studies, and now a large-scale clinical trial support the operation of immune and inflammatory pathways in this disease. The factors that incite innate and adaptive immune responses implicated in atherogenesis and in lesion complication include traditional risk factors such as protein and lipid components of native and modified low-density lipoprotein, angiotensin II, smoking, visceral adipose tissue, and dysmetabolism. Infectious processes and products of the endogenous microbiome might also modulate atherosclerosis and its complications either directly, or indirectly by eliciting local and systemic responses that potentiate disease expression. Trials with antibiotics have not reduced recurrent cardiovascular events, nor have vaccination strategies yet achieved clinical translation. However, anti-inflammatory interventions such as anticytokine therapy and colchicine have begun to show efficacy in this regard. Thus, inflammatory and immune mechanisms can link traditional and emerging risk factors to atherosclerosis, and offer novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E Farkouh
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priscilla Y Hsue
- University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ahmed A Hasan
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Salomon Amar
- Departments of Pharmacology, Immunology and Microbiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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204
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Fang B, Ren X, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhao L, Zhang M, Li C, Zhang Z, Chen L, Li X, Liu J, Xiong Q, Zhang L, Jin Y, Liu X, Li L, Wei H, Yang H, Li R, Dai Y. Apolipoprotein E deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis development in miniature pigs. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm036632. [PMID: 30305304 PMCID: PMC6215431 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniature pigs have advantages over rodents in modeling atherosclerosis because their cardiovascular system and physiology are similar to that of humans. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficiency has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease in humans. To establish an improved large animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 system (CRISPR/Cas9) was used to disrupt the ApoE gene in Bama miniature pigs. Biallelic-modified ApoE pigs with in-frame mutations (ApoEm/m ) and frameshift mutations (ApoE-/- ) were simultaneously produced. ApoE-/- pigs exhibited moderately increased plasma cholesterol levels when fed with a regular chow diet, but displayed severe hypercholesterolemia and spontaneously developed human-like atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries after feeding on a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 6 months. Thus, these ApoE-/- pigs could be valuable large animal models for providing further insight into translational studies of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ze Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Huai'an First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pathology, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiang Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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205
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Gutiérrez-Vidal R, Delgado-Coello B, Méndez-Acevedo KM, Calixto-Tlacomulco S, Damián-Zamacona S, Mas-Oliva J. Therapeutic Intranasal Vaccine HB-ATV-8 Prevents Atherogenesis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Pig Model of Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:456-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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206
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Frismantiene A, Philippova M, Erne P, Resink TJ. Smooth muscle cell-driven vascular diseases and molecular mechanisms of VSMC plasticity. Cell Signal 2018; 52:48-64. [PMID: 30172025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cell type in blood vessels. Unlike many other mature cell types in the adult body, VSMC do not terminally differentiate but retain a remarkable plasticity. Fully differentiated medial VSMCs of mature vessels maintain quiescence and express a range of genes and proteins important for contraction/dilation, which allows them to control systemic and local pressure through the regulation of vascular tone. In response to vascular injury or alterations in local environmental cues, differentiated/contractile VSMCs are capable of switching to a dedifferentiated phenotype characterized by increased proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis in concert with decreased expression of contractile markers. Imbalanced VSMC plasticity results in maladaptive phenotype alterations that ultimately lead to progression of a variety of VSMC-driven vascular diseases. The nature, extent and consequences of dysregulated VSMC phenotype alterations are diverse, reflecting the numerous environmental cues (e.g. biochemical factors, extracellular matrix components, physical) that prompt VSMC phenotype switching. In spite of decades of efforts to understand cues and processes that normally control VSMC differentiation and their disruption in VSMC-driven disease states, the crucial molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that shape the VSMC phenotype programme have still not yet been precisely elucidated. In this article we introduce the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle/VSMCs, outline VSMC-driven cardiovascular diseases and the concept of VSMC phenotype switching, and review molecular mechanisms that play crucial roles in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Frismantiene
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Philippova
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Therese J Resink
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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207
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Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune effector mechanisms, in conjunction with hyperlipidemia, are important drivers of atherosclerosis. The interaction between the different immune cells and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines determine the progression of atherosclerosis. The activation or dampening of the immune response is tightly controlled by immune checkpoints. Costimulatory and coinhibitory immune checkpoints represent potential targets for immune modulatory therapies for atherosclerosis. This review will discuss the current knowledge on immune checkpoints in atherosclerosis and the clinical potential of immune checkpoint targeted therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rouwet
- From the Department of Surgery and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (E.R.)
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.L.)
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian’s University (LMU), Munich, Germany (E.L.)
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208
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Ebert BL, Libby P. Clonal Hematopoiesis Confers Predisposition to Both Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Newly Recognized Link Between Two Major Killers. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:116-117. [PMID: 29809241 DOI: 10.7326/m18-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Ebert
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.L.E.)
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.L.)
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209
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Khambhati J, Engels M, Allard-Ratick M, Sandesara PB, Quyyumi AA, Sperling L. Immunotherapy for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Promise and possibilities. Atherosclerosis 2018; 276:1-9. [PMID: 30006321 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease being the largest contributor. The mechanisms behind the presence and progression of atherosclerosis remain an area of intense scientific focus. Immune dysregulation and inflammation are key contributors to the development of an atherosclerotic plaque and its progression to acute coronary syndromes. Increased circulating levels of biomarkers of systemic inflammation including hsCRP are correlated with a higher cardiovascular risk. Targeting specific inflammatory pathways implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation is an exciting area of ongoing research. Target specific therapies directed at pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and CCL2 have demonstrated slowing in the progression of atherosclerosis in animal models and improved cardiovascular outcomes in human subjects. Most notably, treatment with the monoclonal antibody canakinumab, which directly targets and neutralizes IL-1β, was recently shown to be associated with reduced risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared to placebo in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Several other therapies including colchicine, methotrexate and leukotriene inhibitors demonstrate the potential for lowering cardiovascular risk through immunomodulation, though further studies are needed. Understanding the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis and the development of targeted immunotherapies continues to be an evolving area of research that is rapidly becoming clinically relevant for the 21st century cardiac patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Khambhati
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Marc Engels
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marc Allard-Ratick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pratik B Sandesara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurence Sperling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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210
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Kasikara C, Doran AC, Cai B, Tabas I. The role of non-resolving inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2713-2723. [PMID: 30108191 PMCID: PMC6025992 DOI: 10.1172/jci97950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-resolving inflammation drives the development of clinically dangerous atherosclerotic lesions by promoting sustained plaque inflammation, large necrotic cores, thin fibrous caps, and thrombosis. Resolution of inflammation is not merely a passive return to homeostasis, but rather an active process mediated by specific molecules, including fatty acid-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). In advanced atherosclerosis, there is an imbalance between levels of SPMs and proinflammatory lipid mediators, which results in sustained leukocyte influx into lesions, inflammatory macrophage polarization, and impaired efferocytosis. In animal models of advanced atherosclerosis, restoration of SPMs limits plaque progression by suppressing inflammation, enhancing efferocytosis, and promoting an increase in collagen cap thickness. This Review discusses the roles of non-resolving inflammation in atherosclerosis and highlights the unique therapeutic potential of SPMs in blocking the progression of clinically dangerous plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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211
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Molica F, Figueroa XF, Kwak BR, Isakson BE, Gibbins JM. Connexins and Pannexins in Vascular Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061663. [PMID: 29874791 PMCID: PMC6032213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs) are ubiquitous membrane channel forming proteins that are critically involved in many aspects of vascular physiology and pathology. The permeation of ions and small metabolites through Panx channels, Cx hemichannels and gap junction channels confers a crucial role to these proteins in intercellular communication and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review provides an overview of current knowledge with respect to the pathophysiological role of these channels in large arteries, the microcirculation, veins, the lymphatic system and platelet function. The essential nature of these membrane proteins in vascular homeostasis is further emphasized by the pathologies that are linked to mutations and polymorphisms in Cx and Panx genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier F Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Faculdad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile.
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Harborne Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
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212
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Reardon CA, Lingaraju A, Schoenfelt KQ, Zhou G, Cui C, Jacobs-El H, Babenko I, Hoofnagle A, Czyz D, Shuman H, Vaisar T, Becker L. Obesity and Insulin Resistance Promote Atherosclerosis through an IFNγ-Regulated Macrophage Protein Network. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3021-3030. [PMID: 29874587 PMCID: PMC6082182 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Macrophages, which are activated in T2D and causatively linked to atherogenesis, are an attractive mechanistic link. Here, we use proteomics to show that diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance (obesity/IR) modulate a pro-atherogenic "macrophage-sterol-responsive-network" (MSRN), which, in turn, predisposes macrophages to cholesterol accumulation. We identify IFNγ as the mediator of obesity/IR-induced MSRN dysregulation and increased macrophage cholesterol accumulation and show that obesity/IR primes T cells to increase IFNγ production. Accordingly, myeloid cell-specific deletion of the IFNγ receptor (Ifngr1-/-) restores MSRN proteins, attenuates macrophage cholesterol accumulation and atherogenesis, and uncouples the strong relationship between hyperinsulinemia and aortic root lesion size in hypercholesterolemic Ldlr-/- mice with obesity/IR, but does not affect these parameters in Ldlr-/- mice without obesity/IR. Collectively, our findings identify an IFNγ-macrophage pathway as a mechanistic link between obesity/IR and accelerated atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Reardon
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Amulya Lingaraju
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kelly Q Schoenfelt
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guolin Zhou
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chang Cui
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hannah Jacobs-El
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ilona Babenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Czyz
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Howard Shuman
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committe on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lev Becker
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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213
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Nahrendorf M. Myeloid cell contributions to cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Med 2018; 24:711-720. [PMID: 29867229 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in cell tracing and sequencing technologies have expanded our knowledge on leukocyte behavior. As a consequence, inflammatory cells, such as monocyte-derived macrophages, and their actions and products are increasingly being considered as potential drug targets for treatment of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Particularly promising developments are the identification of harmful arterial and cardiac macrophage subsets, the cells' altered, sometimes even clonal production in hematopoietic organs, and epigenetically entrained memories of myeloid progenitors and macrophages in the setting of cardiovascular disease. Given the roles of monocytes and macrophages in host defense, intricately understanding the involved cellular subsets, sources and functions is essential for the design of precision therapeutics that preserve protective innate immunity. Here I review how new clinical and preclinical data, often linking the cardiovascular, immune and other organ systems, propel conceptual advances to a point where cardiovascular immunotherapy appears within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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214
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Wilhelmson AS, Lantero Rodriguez M, Svedlund Eriksson E, Johansson I, Fogelstrand P, Stubelius A, Lindgren S, Fagman JB, Hansson GK, Carlsten H, Karlsson MCI, Ekwall O, Tivesten Å. Testosterone Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Male Mice by Targeting Thymic Epithelial Cells-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1519-1527. [PMID: 29853568 PMCID: PMC6039408 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Androgen deprivation therapy has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men. Experimental studies support that testosterone protects against atherosclerosis, but the target cell remains unclear. T cells are important modulators of atherosclerosis, and deficiency of testosterone or its receptor, the AR (androgen receptor), induces a prominent increase in thymus size. Here, we tested the hypothesis that atherosclerosis induced by testosterone deficiency in male mice is T-cell dependent. Further, given the important role of the thymic epithelium for T-cell homeostasis and development, we hypothesized that depletion of the AR in thymic epithelial cells will result in increased atherosclerosis. Approach and Results— Prepubertal castration of male atherosclerosis-prone apoE−/− mice increased atherosclerotic lesion area. Depletion of T cells using an anti-CD3 antibody abolished castration-induced atherogenesis, demonstrating a role of T cells. Male mice with depletion of the AR specifically in epithelial cells (E-ARKO [epithelial cell-specific AR knockout] mice) showed increased thymus weight, comparable with that of castrated mice. E-ARKO mice on an apoE−/− background displayed significantly increased atherosclerosis and increased infiltration of T cells in the vascular adventitia, supporting a T-cell–driven mechanism. Consistent with a role of the thymus, E-ARKO apoE−/− males subjected to prepubertal thymectomy showed no atherosclerosis phenotype. Conclusions— We show that atherogenesis induced by testosterone/AR deficiency is thymus- and T-cell dependent in male mice and that the thymic epithelial cell is a likely target cell for the antiatherogenic actions of testosterone. These insights may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for safer endocrine treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- From the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S.W., M.L.R., E.S.E., I.J., P.F., J.B.F., A.T.)
| | - Marta Lantero Rodriguez
- From the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S.W., M.L.R., E.S.E., I.J., P.F., J.B.F., A.T.)
| | - Elin Svedlund Eriksson
- From the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S.W., M.L.R., E.S.E., I.J., P.F., J.B.F., A.T.)
| | - Inger Johansson
- From the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S.W., M.L.R., E.S.E., I.J., P.F., J.B.F., A.T.)
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- From the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S.W., M.L.R., E.S.E., I.J., P.F., J.B.F., A.T.)
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S., H.C.).,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S., S.L., H.C., O.E.)
| | - Susanne Lindgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S., S.L., H.C., O.E.).,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences (S.L., O.E.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan B Fagman
- From the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S.W., M.L.R., E.S.E., I.J., P.F., J.B.F., A.T.)
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (G.K.H.)
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S., H.C.).,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S., S.L., H.C., O.E.)
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (M.C.I.K.), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Ekwall
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S., S.L., H.C., O.E.).,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences (S.L., O.E.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- From the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine (A.S.W., M.L.R., E.S.E., I.J., P.F., J.B.F., A.T.)
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215
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Gordts PLSM, Esko JD. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan grip on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:262-282. [PMID: 29803939 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of proteins involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged regarding the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions in the context of cardiovascular disease. The majority of cardiovascular disease-related deaths are caused by complications of atherosclerosis, a disease that results in narrowing of the arterial lumen, thereby reducing blood flow to critical levels in vital organs, such as the heart and brain. Here, we discuss novel insights into how heparan sulfate proteoglycans modulate risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and inflammation that drive the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques to their clinical critical endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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216
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Rocha VZ, Santos RD. Cholesterol and inflammation: The lesser the better in atherothrombosis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:944-947. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318772936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Z Rocha
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil
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217
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Zhu Z, Ye J, Ma Y, Hua P, Huang Y, Fu X, Li D, Yuan M, Xia Z. Function of T regulatory type 1 cells is down-regulated and is associated with the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:564-570. [PMID: 29729899 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells can promote tolerance and suppress inflammation. Atherosclerosis may be induced by the proinflammatory activation of cells in the vasculature and the immune system. Hence, we wondered whether defects in Tr1 function were a contributing factor to coronary artery disease (CAD). Data showed that the frequency of IL-10+ Tr1 cells was significantly lower in CAD patients than in controls. Compared to healthy controls, Tr1 cells from CAD patients presented lower CTLA-4 but higher PD-1 expression, in addition to lower IL-10 secretion. When co-incubated with Tconv cells, the CD4+CD49b+LAG-3+CD45RO+ Tr1 cells presented IL-10-dependent inhibitory effects, and those from CAD patients presented significantly lower suppression capacity than those from healthy controls. Interestingly, the characteristics of Tr1 cells were associated with clinical features of CAD patients. The frequency of Tr1 cells and the IL-10 and LAG-3 expression by Tr1 cells were negatively correlated with the BMI of the CAD patients. In addition, the Tr1 frequency and the LAG-3 and CTLA-4 expression on Tr1 cells were lower in CAD patients with higher numbers of narrowed vessels. Together, these results suggest that in CAD, Tr1 cells present multiple defects, which are associated with the clinical presentation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jiyun Ye
- Pathogenic Organisms Department of Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dexuan Li
- Department of Lab Testing, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Maogen Yuan
- Department of Research and Education, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhonghua Xia
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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218
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Tay C, Liu YH, Kanellakis P, Kallies A, Li Y, Cao A, Hosseini H, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Follicular B Cells Promote Atherosclerosis via T Cell–Mediated Differentiation Into Plasma Cells and Secreting Pathogenic Immunoglobulin G. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e71-e84. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
B cells promote or protect development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the role of MHCII (major histocompatibility II), CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), and Blimp-1 (B-lymphocyte–induced maturation protein) expression by follicular B (FO B) cells in development of atherosclerosis together with the effects of IgG purified from atherosclerotic mice.
Approach and Results—
Using mixed chimeric
Ldlr
−/−
mice whose B cells are deficient in MHCII or CD40, we demonstrate that these molecules are critical for the proatherogenic actions of FO B cells. During development of atherosclerosis, these deficiencies affected T–B cell interactions, germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and IgG. As FO B cells differentiating into plasma cells require Blimp-1, we also assessed its role in the development of atherosclerosis. Blimp-1-deficient B cells greatly attenuated atherosclerosis and immunoglobulin—including IgG production, preventing IgG accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions; Blimp-1 deletion also attenuated lesion proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic cell numbers, and necrotic core. To determine the importance of IgG for atherosclerosis, we purified IgG from atherosclerotic mice. Their transfer but not IgG from nonatherosclerotic mice into
Ldlr
−/−
mice whose B cells are Blimp-1-deficient increased atherosclerosis; transfer was associated with IgG accumulating in atherosclerotic lesions, increased lesion inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic cell numbers, and necrotic core size.
Conclusions—
The mechanism by which FO B cells promote atherosclerosis is highly dependent on their expression of MHCII, CD40, and Blimp-1. FO B cell differentiation into IgG-producing plasma cells also is critical for their proatherogenic actions. Targeting B–T cell interactions and pathogenic IgG may provide novel therapeutic strategies to prevent atherosclerosis and its adverse cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Axel Kallies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.K.)
| | - Yi Li
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Anh Cao
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
- Department of Immunology (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
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219
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Benitez R, Delgado-Maroto V, Caro M, Forte-Lago I, Duran-Prado M, O’Valle F, Lichtman AH, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Ameliorates Acute Myocarditis and Atherosclerosis by Regulating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3697-3710. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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220
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Nilsson J. Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in the statin era. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:1638-1644. [PMID: 28387815 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Life style changes and improved medical therapy have decreased cardiovascular mortality in many countries over the last decades. This has been accompanied by changes in disease characteristics including more non-ST segment elevation myocardial infraction and less vulnerable plaques as assessed by histological analysis of surgical specimens. However, many patients with established disease still suffer from recurrent cardiovascular events in spite of treatment with state-of-the-art-therapy including statins. It is likely that this reflects a state of the disease in which statins control the pro-inflammatory effects of lipids allowing other statin-unresponsive disease mechanisms to become increasingly important. If this assumption is correct it means that patients with established disease with time will get insuffient protection by current therapies alone. Against this background it is critical to reach a better understanding of alternative mechanisms for plaque vulnerability. Examples of such mechanisms include altered patterns of blood flow caused by plaque stenosis resulting in down-regulation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic signals in the endothelium, impaired vascular repair associated with diabetes and plaque inflammation driven by cholesterol crystals, infectious pathogens as well as autoimmune responses against modified plaque components. Novel biomarkers and other diagnostics are needed to establish the clinical importance of these mechanisms as well as to determine how they are affected by current treatments. Consequently, there will also be a need for development of new treatments targeting these mechanisms and that can act in concert with current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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221
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Ouyang N, Gan H, He Q, Lei H, Wang SY, Liu Q, Zhou C. Dysfunction of cholesterol sensor SCAP promotes inflammation activation in THP-1 macrophages. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:162-169. [PMID: 29596892 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk occurs between dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation, which are both precipitants of atherosclerosis. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) plays a key role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. The present study investigated the effects of SCAP dysfunction on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and lipid metabolism in THP-1 macrophages. Intracellular cholesterol content was assessed by Oil Red O staining and quantitative assays. The expression of SCAP, HMGCR, pro-IL-1β and N-SREBP2, p65(N) in the nucleus were examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The level of secretary proteins IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. The translocation of SCAP from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi was detected by confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrated that over-expression of SCAP significantly increased the expression of HMGCR, pro-IL-1β in the cytoplasm, and mature IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1 in the supernatants, while knocking down SCAP dramatically decreased the expression of these molecules. Betulin effectively suppressed the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in the SCAP over-expressed THP-1 macrophages, but did not affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines, indicating that the pro-inflammatory effect of SCAP was independent of its routine role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms mediating the crosstalk between dyslipidemia and inflammatory responses. Knocking down SCAP attenuated LPS-induced IκB phosphorylation and reduced the nuclear level of p65, while over-expression of SCAP increased the nuclear level of p65. Knocking down p65 abolished the proinflammatory effect represented by elevated expression of the inflammatory mediators in the SCAP over-expressed THP-1 macrophages, suggesting that SCAP dysfunction stimulated inflammatory responses via activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the cholesterol sensor SCAP plays a role in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in THP-1 macrophages. SCAP mediates the inflammatory response via activating the NF-κB pathway. This new function of SCAP is independent of its role in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Stephen Y Wang
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Rd, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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222
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Morbiducci U, Kok AM, Kwak BR, Stone PH, Steinman DA, Wentzel JJ. Atherosclerosis at arterial bifurcations: evidence for the role of haemodynamics and geometry. Thromb Haemost 2018; 115:484-92. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-07-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAtherosclerotic plaques are found at distinct locations in the arterial system, despite the exposure to systemic risk factors of the entire vascular tree. From the study of arterial bifurcation regions, emerges ample evidence that haemodynamics are involved in the local onset and progression of the atherosclerotic disease. This observed co-localisation of disturbed flow regions and lesion prevalence at geometrically predisposed districts such as arterial bifurcations has led to the formulation of a ‘haemodynamic hypothesis’, that in this review is grounded to the most current research concerning localising factors of vascular disease. In particular, this review focuses on carotid and coronary bifurcations because of their primary relevance to stroke and heart attack. We highlight reported relationships between atherosclerotic plaque location, progression and composition, and fluid forces at vessel’s wall, in particular shear stress and its ‘easier-tomeasure’ surrogates, i.e. vascular geometric attributes (because geometry shapes the flow) and intravascular flow features (because they mediate disturbed shear stress), in order to give more insight in plaque initiation and destabilisation. Analogous to Virchow’s triad for thrombosis, atherosclerosis must be thought of as subject to a triad of, and especially interactions among, haemodynamic forces, systemic risk factors, and the biological response of the wall.
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223
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Clément M, Haddad Y, Raffort J, Lareyre F, Newland SA, Master L, Harrison J, Ozsvar-Kozma M, Bruneval P, Binder CJ, Taleb S, Mallat Z. Deletion of IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8)-Dependent Dendritic Cells Abrogates Proatherogenic Adaptive Immunity. Circ Res 2018; 122:813-820. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
Despite an established role for adaptive immune responses in atherosclerosis, the contribution of dendritic cells (DCs) and their various subsets is still poorly understood.
Objective:
Here, we address the role of IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8)-dependent DCs (lymphoid CD8α
+
and their developmentally related nonlymphoid CD103
+
DCs) in the induction of proatherogenic immune responses during high fat feeding.
Methods and Results:
Using a fate-mapping technique to track DCs originating from a DNGR1
+
(dendritic cell natural killer lectin group receptor 1) precursor (
Clec9a
+/cre
Rosa
+/EYFP
mice), we first show that YFP
hi
CD11c
hi
MHCII
hi
(major histocompatibility complex class II) DCs are present in the atherosclerotic aorta of low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (
Ldlr
−/−
) mice and are CD11b
–
CD103
+
IRF8
hi
. Restricted deletion of IRF8 in DCs (
Irf8
flox/flox
Cd11c
Cre
) reduces the accumulation of CD11c
hi
MHCII
hi
DCs in the aorta without affecting CD11b
+
CD103
–
DCs or macrophages but completely abolishes the accumulation of aortic CD11b
–
CD103
+
DCs. Lymphoid CD8α
+
DCs are also deleted. This is associated with a significant reduction of aortic T-cell accumulation and a marked reduction of high-fat diet–induced systemic T-cell priming, activation, and differentiation toward T helper type 1 cells, T follicular helper cells, and regulatory T cells. As a consequence, B-cell activation and germinal center responses to high-fat diet are also markedly reduced. IRF8 deletion in DCs significantly reduces the development of atherosclerosis, predominantly in the aortic sinus, despite a modest increase in total plasma cholesterol levels.
Conclusions:
IRF8 expression in DCs plays a nonredundant role in the development of proatherogenic adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Clément
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Yacine Haddad
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Juliette Raffort
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Fabien Lareyre
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Stephen A. Newland
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Leanne Master
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - James Harrison
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Maria Ozsvar-Kozma
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Soraya Taleb
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.C., J.R., F.L., S.A.N., L.M., J.H., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, France (Y.H., P.B., S.T., Z.M.); Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France (J.R., F.L.); Department of Vascular Surgery (F.L.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (J.R.), University Hospital of Nice, France; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical
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Söderström LÅ, Tarnawski L, Olofsson PS. CD137: A checkpoint regulator involved in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:66-72. [PMID: 29571029 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with atherosclerotic plaque development and precipitation of myocardial infarction and stroke, and anti-inflammatory therapy may reduce disease severity. Costimulatory molecules are key regulators of immune cell activity and inflammation, and are associated with disease development in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that a costimulatory molecule of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor superfamily, the checkpoint regulator CD137, promotes atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in experimental models. In light of the burgeoning consideration of CD137-targeted therapy in the clinic, it will be important to better understand costimulator immunobiology in development of cardiovascular disease. Here, we review available data on the costimulator CD137 and its potential role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Å Söderström
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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225
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation markers have been associated with cardiovascular diseases including atrial fibrillation. This arrhythmia is the most frequent, with an incidence of 38/1000 person-years. PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aims of this study are to discuss the association between inflammation, atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation and its clinical implications. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and inflammation is a triggering factor of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. In addition to coronary artery disease, clinical conditions identified as risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are also associated with the inflammatory state such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, metabolic syndrome and sedentary lifestyle. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and myocardial necrosis have been identified in patients with atrial fibrillation and these traditional risk factors. Some markers of inflammation were identified as predictors of recurrence of this arrhythmia, subsequent myocardial infarction, stroke by embolism, and death. Thus, approaches to manipulate the inflammatory pathways may be therapeutic interventions, benefiting patients with AF and increased inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Alfredo Balena, 190, room 246, Centro, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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226
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Thériault P, ElAli A, Rivest S. High fat diet exacerbates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in APPswe/PS1 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67808-67827. [PMID: 27661129 PMCID: PMC5356521 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in brain parenchyma and cerebral microvasculature. Unfortunately, the exact causes of the disease are still unclear. However, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and activation of inflammatory pathways are implicated in AD pathogenesis. Importantly, advanced age and high fat diet, two major risk factors associated with AD, were shown to deeply affect BBB function and modulate the immune response. As such, this study evaluated the impact of age and high fat diet on AD progression. For this purpose, 3 (i.e. young) and 12 (i.e. aged) months old APPswe/PS1 mice were fed for 4 months with a high fat diet (i.e. Western diet (WD)) or normal diet. Interestingly, neurobehavioral tests revealed that WD accelerates age-associated cognitive decline without affecting parenchymal Aβ. Nonetheless, WD decreases matrix metalloproteinase-9 enzymatic activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein levels in brain, suggesting loss of synaptic plasticity. In the periphery, WD promotes systemic inflammation by increasing the levels of blood-circulating monocytes and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production, which is accompanied by an augmentation of oxidized-low density lipoprotein levels in blood circulation. At the BBB, WD potentiates the age-induced increase of Aβ 1-40 accumulation and exacerbates the oxidative stress, specifically in cerebral microvasculature. These effects were accompanied by the dysfunction of pericytes, thus altering BBB functionality without compromising its integrity. Our study provides new insights into the implication of high fat diet in accelerating the cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thériault
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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227
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Simion V, Haemmig S, Feinberg MW. LncRNAs in vascular biology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:145-156. [PMID: 29425892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes involved in homeostatic control of the vessel wall in health and disease. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs control gene expression and cell signaling pathways is still nascent. Furthermore, only a handful of lncRNAs has been functionally evaluated in response to pathophysiological stimuli or in vascular disease states. For example, lncRNAs may regulate endothelial dysfunction by modulating endothelial cell proliferation (e.g. MALAT1, H19) or angiogenesis (e.g. MEG3, MANTIS). LncRNAs have also been implicated in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypes or vascular remodeling (e.g. ANRIL, SMILR, SENCR, MYOSLID). Finally, emerging studies have implicated lncRNAs in leukocytes activation (e.g. lincRNA-Cox2, linc00305, THRIL), macrophage polarization (e.g. GAS5), and cholesterol metabolism (e.g. LeXis). This review summarizes recent findings on the expression, mechanism, and function of lncRNAs implicated in a range of vascular disease states from mice to human subjects. An improved understanding of lncRNAs in vascular disease may provide new pathophysiological insights and opportunities for the generation of a new class of RNA-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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228
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Feng L, Nian S, Zhang S, Xu W, Zhang X, Ye D, Zheng L. The associations between serum biomarkers and stenosis of the coronary arteries. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39231-39240. [PMID: 27250030 PMCID: PMC5129928 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum biochemical indices reflect dynamic physiological and pathophysiological processes within the body, the associations between these markers and the number of stenotic coronary arteries have been rarely studied. 627 healthy controls and 1,049 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients were sequentially recruited in our hospital. The association patterns between serum biochemical markers and the numbers of stenotic coronary arteries were evaluated in a cross-sectional manner. Upon binary multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk factor patterns differed by gender. Age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and homocysteine (HCY) were common risk factors for CHD in both males and females. Upon ordinal multiple logistic regression analysis, age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and lipoprotein (Lp) (a) increased, and HDL decreased, as the number of stenotic coronary arteries increased in male patients. Age and Lp(a) were positively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries and total bilirubin (TBil) was negatively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries in female patients. Age and Lp(a) were common risk factors positively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries in both male and female patients. HDL and LDL were male-specific risk factors and TBil was a female-specific risk factor for an increasing number of stenotic coronary arteries. In conclusion, serum biomarker levels correlated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries and showed gender different patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi City, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi City, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shiyan Nian
- Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi City, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi City, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi City, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xingfeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi City, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi City, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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229
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Robinet P, Milewicz DM, Cassis LA, Leeper NJ, Lu HS, Smith JD. Consideration of Sex Differences in Design and Reporting of Experimental Arterial Pathology Studies-Statement From ATVB Council. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:292-303. [PMID: 29301789 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are many differences in arterial diseases between men and women, including prevalence, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis. The new policy of the National Institutes of Health, which requires the inclusion of sex as a biological variable for preclinical studies, aims to foster new mechanistic insights and to enhance our understanding of sex differences in human diseases. The purpose of this statement is to suggest guidelines for designing and reporting sex as a biological variable in animal models of atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. We briefly review sex differences of these human diseases and their animal models, followed by suggestions on experimental design and reporting of animal studies for these vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Robinet
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.).
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230
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Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed remarkable progress in our understanding of ageing. From an evolutionary standpoint it is generally accepted that ageing is a non-adaptive process which is underscored by a decrease in the force of natural selection with time. From a mechanistic perspective ageing is characterized by a wide variety of cellular mechanisms, including processes such as cellular senescence, telomere attrition, oxidative damage, molecular chaperone activity, and the regulation of biochemical pathways by sirtuins. These biological findings have been accompanied by an unrelenting rise in both life expectancy and the number of older people globally. However, despite age being recognized demographically as a risk factor for healthspan, the processes associated with ageing are routinely overlooked in disease mechanisms. Thus, a central goal of biogerontology is to understand how diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are shaped by ageing. This challenge cannot be ignored because CVD is the main cause of morbidity in older people. A worthwhile way to examine how ageing intersects with CVD is to consider the effects ageing has on cholesterol metabolism, because dysregualted cholesterol metabolism is the key factor which underpins the pathology of CVD. The aim of this chapter is to outline a hypothesis which accounts for how ageing intersects with intracellular cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, we discuss the implications of this relationship for the onset of disease in the 'oldest old' (individuals ≥85 years of age). We conclude the chapter by discussing the important role mathematical modelling has to play in improving our understanding of cholesterol metabolism and ageing.
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231
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Liljestrand JM, Paju S, Pietiäinen M, Buhlin K, Persson GR, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Mäntylä P, Pussinen PJ. Immunologic burden links periodontitis to acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2018; 268:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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232
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233
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Gritti BB, Binder C. Oxidation-specific epitopes are major targets of innate immunity in atherothrombosis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 36:89-96. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ZusammenfassungAtherosklerose ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung der Gefäßwände, die durch das Zusammenspiel von Dyslipidämie und vermehrtem oxidativen Stress verursacht wird. Die damit verbundene Lipidperoxidation führt zu einer Reihe von Abbauprodukten von Membranlipiden, sogenannten oxidations-spezifischen Epitopen (OSE). OSE finden sich in oxidierten Lipoproteinen und auf der Oberfläche absterbender Zellen, und ihre Fähigkeit inflammatorische und thrombogene Reaktionen auszulösen ist weithin bekannt. Jüngste Studien konnten zeigen, daß OSE spezifische Zielstrukturen für eine Reihe von zellulären und humoralen Rezeptoren des angeborenen Immunsystems darstellen. Dadurch kann das Immunsystem, metabolische Abbaubprodukte erkennen und wichtige physiologische “Haushaltsfunktionen” vermitteln, z.B. durch die kontrollierte Entsorgung abgestorbener Zellen und oxidierten Moleküle. So wurde gezeigt, daß natürliche IgM Antikörper mit Spezifität für OSE Mäuse vor der Entstehung atherosklerotischer Läsionen schützen. So können spezifische natürliche IgM Antikörper die pro-inflammatorischen und pro-thrombotischen Effekte von OSE neutralisieren, währenddessen niedrige Plasmaspiegel OSE-spezifischer IgM Antikörper mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Myokardinfarkt assoziiert sind. Schlussfolgerung: Das Verständnis der molekularen Komponenten und Mechanismen, die an diesem Prozess beteiligt sind, werden in Zukunft dazu beitragen, Personen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Atherothrombose besser zu identifizieren und möglicherweise neue therapeutische Ansatzpunkte zu definieren.
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234
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Wang C, Kankaanpää J, Kummu O, Turunen SP, Akhi R, Bergmann U, Pussinen P, Remes AM, Hörkkö S. Characterization of a natural mouse monoclonal antibody recognizing epitopes shared by oxidized low-density lipoprotein and chaperonin 60 of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Immunol Res 2017; 64:699-710. [PMID: 26786003 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural antibodies are predominantly antibodies of the IgM isotype present in the circulation of all vertebrates that have not been previously exposed to exogenous antigens. They are often directed against highly conserved epitopes and bind to ligands of varying chemical composition with low affinity. In this study we cloned and characterized a natural mouse monoclonal IgM antibody selected by binding to malondialdehyde acetaldehyde epitopes on low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Interestingly, the IgM antibody cross-reacted with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) bacteria, a key pathogenic microbe in periodontitis reported to be associated with risk factor for atherosclerosis, thus being named as Aa_Mab. It is more intriguing that the binding molecule of Aa to Aa_Mab IgM was found to be Aa chaperonin 60 or HSP60, a member of heat-shock protein family, behaving not only as a chaperone for correct protein folding but also as a powerful virulence factor of the bacteria for inducing bone resorption and as a putative pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis. The findings will highlight the question of whether molecular mimicry between pathogen components and oxidized LDL could lead to atheroprotective immune activity, and also would be of great importance in potential application of immune response-based preventive and therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Wang
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jari Kankaanpää
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kummu
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Pauliina Turunen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Genome-scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramin Akhi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Protein Analysis Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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235
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Chih Chen Y, Rivera J, Fitzgerald M, Hausding C, Ying YL, Wang X, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Barnea ER, Peter K. PreImplantation factor prevents atherosclerosis via its immunomodulatory effects without affecting serum lipids. Thromb Haemost 2017; 115:1010-24. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-08-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummaryPreImplantation factor (PIF) is a 15-amino acid peptide endogenously secreted by viable embryos, regulating/enabling maternal (host) acceptance/tolerance to the “invading” embryo (allograft) all-while preserving maternal immunity to fight infections. Such attributes make PIF a potential therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory diseases. We investigated whether PIF’s immunomodulatory properties prevent progression of atherosclerosis in the hyper-cholesterolaemic ApoEdeficient murine model. Male, high-fat diet fed, ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were administered either PBS, scrambled PIF (0.3–3 mg/kg) or PIF (0.3–3 mg/kg) for seven weeks. After treatment, PIF (3 mg/kg)-treated ApoE-/- mice displayed significantly reduced atherosclerosis lesion burden in the aortic sinus and aortic arch, without any effect on lipid profile. PIF also caused a significant reduction in infiltration of macrophages, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines in the plaque, and reduced circulating IFN-γ levels. PIF preferentially binds to monocytes/neutrophils. In vitro, PIF attenuated monocyte migration (MCP-1-induced chemotaxis assay) and in vivo in LPS peritonitis model. Also PIF prevented leukocyte extravasation (peritonitis thioglycollate-induced model), demonstrating that PIF exerts its effect in part by modulation of monocyte function. Inhibition of the potassium channel KCNAB3 (Kv1.3) and of the insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) was demonstrated as potential mechanism of PIF’s immunomodulatory effects. In conclusion, PIF regulates/lowers inflammation and prevents atherosclerosis development without affecting circulating lipids. Overall our findings establish PIF as a strong immunomodulatory drug candidate for atherosclerosis therapy.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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236
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Targeting white, brown and perivascular adipose tissue in atherosclerosis development. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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237
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Tao L, Nie Y, Wang G, Ding Y, Ding J, Xiong F, Tang S, Wang Y, Zhou B, Zhu H. All‑trans retinoic acid reduces endothelin‑1 expression and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in rabbits with atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2619-2625. [PMID: 29207193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural derivative of vitamin A that ameliorates atherosclerosis (AS) by regulating inflammatory factors. However, studies concerning the role of retinoic acid in artery endothelial function are rare. Therefore, the present study investigated its role in regulating the production of endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) and nitric oxide (NO) in rabbits with AS. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: The control group was administered an ordinary diet, while the high fat group and the ATRA drug intervention group were administered a high fat diet. After 12 weeks, the blood lipid levels of rabbits, the morphological structure of the arterial wall, the arterial intimal permeability, the activity of blood endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the level of plasma NO were investigated. Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of ET‑1, eNOS and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser‑1177 (p‑eNOS), and a radioimmunoassay was performed to detect the level of ET‑1 in the plasma. It was identified that plaque formation was alleviated in the ATRA group compared with the high fat group, as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining, and a similar trend was reflected in the immunofluorescence results for endothelial permeability. Western blotting demonstrated significantly decreased ET‑1 expression levels in the arterial tissue of rabbits in the ATRA group compared with the high fat group, together with increased p‑eNOS level (P<0.05), however, no difference was observed in the expression of eNOS (P>0.05). The trends observed for ET‑1 and the activity of eNOS in plasma were similar to those for arterial tissue. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that ATRA may regulate the grade of AS by the reduction of ET‑1 secretion and increased NO formation via increased phosphorylation of eNOS. ATRA provides a potential novel method for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ganxian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Junli Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Xiong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Birong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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238
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Kizilay Mancini O, Lora M, Cuillerier A, Shum-Tim D, Hamdy R, Burelle Y, Servant MJ, Stochaj U, Colmegna I. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Reduces the Immunopotency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Adults With Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2017; 122:255-266. [PMID: 29113965 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic strategies for coronary artery disease; however, donor-related variability in cell quality is a main cause of discrepancies in preclinical studies. In vitro, MSCs from individuals with coronary artery disease have reduced ability to suppress activated T-cells. The mechanisms underlying the altered immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs in the context of atherosclerosis remain elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the impaired immunomodulatory properties of MSCs from patients with atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adipose tissue-derived MSCs were isolated from atherosclerotic (n=38) and nonatherosclerotic (n=42) donors. MSCs:CD4+T-cell suppression was assessed in allogeneic coculture systems. Compared with nonatherosclerotic-MSCs, atherosclerotic-MSCs displayed higher levels of both intracellular (P=0.006) and mitochondrial (P=0.03) reactive oxygen species reflecting altered mitochondrial function. The increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels of atherosclerotic-MSCs promoted a phenotypic switch characterized by enhanced glycolysis and an altered cytokine secretion (interleukin-6 P<0.0001, interleukin-8/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 P=0.04, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 P=0.01). Furthermore, treatment of atherosclerotic-MSCs with the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine reduced the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 in the MSC secretome and improved MSCs immunosuppressive capacity (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS An impaired mitochondrial function of atherosclerotic-MSCs underlies their altered secretome and reduced immunopotency. Interventions aimed at restoring the mitochondrial function of atherosclerotic-MSCs improve their in vitro immunosuppressive ability and may translate into enhanced therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Kizilay Mancini
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maximilien Lora
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexanne Cuillerier
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reggie Hamdy
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc J Servant
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inés Colmegna
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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239
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Gualtero D, Lafaurie G, Fontanilla M. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional models for studying atherosclerosis pathogenesis induced by periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 33:29-37. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.F. Gualtero
- Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Pharmacy; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota Colombia
- Biotechnology Laboratory; Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO); School of Odontology; Universidad El Bosque; Bogota Colombia
| | - G.I. Lafaurie
- Biotechnology Laboratory; Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO); School of Odontology; Universidad El Bosque; Bogota Colombia
| | - M.R. Fontanilla
- Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Pharmacy; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota Colombia
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240
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Dai Perrard XY, Lian Z, Bobotas G, Dicklin MR, Maki KC, Wu H. Effects of n-3 fatty acid treatment on monocyte phenotypes in humans with hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1361-1371. [PMID: 28942094 PMCID: PMC5698114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia increases risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and may contribute to atherosclerosis by changing circulating monocyte phenotypes. High-dose n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce blood triglyceride levels. Effects of triglyceride-lowering therapy on monocyte phenotypes are not well known. OBJECTIVE We examined effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid treatments (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] plus docosapentaenoic acid [MAT9001] vs EPA ethyl esters [EPA-EE]) on monocyte phenotypes in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS Individuals with triglycerides 200 to 400 mg/dL were recruited. Subjects received 2 treatments in randomized order for 14 days each: MAT9001 and EPA-EE, at 4 g/d. At 2 days before the start of, and on the last day of, each treatment, nile red staining for lipids and phenotypes of each monocyte subset were examined by flow cytometry after an overnight fast and postprandially after a high-fat meal. RESULTS Treatment with MAT9001 or EPA-EE reduced fasting triglyceride levels and decreased proportions of intermediate monocytes. Only MAT9001 decreased postprandial blood triglyceride levels, lowered fasting nile red levels, indicating less lipid in classical and intermediate monocytes, and reduced postprandial CD11c levels on nonclassical monocytes. MAT9001 and EPA-EE each reduced fasting and postprandial CD11c and CD36 levels on classical and intermediate monocytes and postprandial CCR5 levels on intermediate and nonclassical monocytes, with no significant differences between the 2 treatments. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with MAT9001 in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia reduced fasting nile red staining for lipids in classical and intermediate monocytes. MAT9001 and EPA-EE each improved fasting and postprandial monocyte phenotypes, which could potentially help to protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeqin Lian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mary R Dicklin
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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241
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Brito V, Mellal K, Zoccal KF, Soto Y, Ménard L, Sarduy R, Faccioli LH, Ong H, Vázquez AM, Marleau S. Atheroregressive Potential of the Treatment with a Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody against Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Pre-existing Lesions in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:782. [PMID: 29163168 PMCID: PMC5672559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The retention of lipoprotein particles in the intima, in particular to glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans, is a critical step in atherosclerosis initiation. Administration of chP3R99, a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody inducing an anti-idiotypic network response against glycosaminoglycans was previously shown to prevent atherosclerotic lesion progression, yet its effect in the late-stage progression of lesions remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of chP3R99 at a late stage of disease development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and the vascular mechanisms involved. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet from 4 to 19 weeks old, at which time mice were fed normal chow and 5 doses of chP3R99 (50 μg) or isotype-matched IgG (hR3) were administered subcutaneously weekly for the first 3 administrations, then at weeks 24 and 26 before sacrifice (week 28). Lesions progression was reduced by 88% in treated mice with no change in total plasma cholesterol levels, yet with increased sera reactivity to chP3R99 idiotype and heparin, suggesting the induction of an anti-idiotype antibody cascade against glycosaminoglycans, which was likely related with the atheroprotective effect. chP3R99 treatment initiated regression in a significant number of mice. Circulating levels of interleukin-6 were reduced along with a striking diminution of inflammatory cell accumulation in the vessel wall, and of VCAM-1 labeling in vivo. The ratio of IL-10/iNOS gene expression in aortas increased in chP3R99-treated mice. In conclusion, our results show that treatment with chP3R99 reduces vascular inflammatory burden and halts lesion progression with potential for regression in the late phase of the disease in atherosclerotic mice, and support the therapeutic intervention against glycosaminoglycans as a novel strategy to reverse atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Brito
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Katia Mellal
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karina F Zoccal
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yosdel Soto
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Liliane Ménard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Sarduy
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lucia H Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana M Vázquez
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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242
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Molica F, Meens MJ, Dubrot J, Ehrlich A, Roth CL, Morel S, Pelli G, Vinet L, Braunersreuther V, Ratib O, Chanson M, Hugues S, Scemes E, Kwak BR. Pannexin1 links lymphatic function to lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13706. [PMID: 29057961 PMCID: PMC5651868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is a central signaling molecule in inflammatory responses. Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels release ATP in a controlled manner and have been implicated in various inflammatory pathologies, but their role in atherogenesis remains elusive. Using atherosclerosis-susceptible mouse models with ubiquitous deletion of Panx1 (Panx1−/−Apoe−/−) or with Cre recombinase-mediated deletion of Panx1 in endothelial cells and monocytes (Tie2-CreTgPanx1fl/flApoe−/−; Panx1delApoe−/−), we identified a novel role for Panx1 in the lymphatic vasculature. Atherosclerotic lesion development in response to high-cholesterol diet was enhanced in Panx1delApoe−/− mice, pointing to an atheroprotective role for Panx1 in endothelial and/or monocytic cells. Unexpectedly, atherogenesis was not changed in mice with ubiquitous Panx1 deletion, but Panx1−/−Apoe−/− mice displayed reduced body weight, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids, suggesting altered lipid metabolism in these Panx1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, Panx1−/−Apoe−/− mice showed impairment of lymphatic vessel function with decreased drainage of interstitial fluids and reduced dietary fat absorption. Thus, the detrimental effect of Panx1 deletion in endothelial and/or monocytic cells during atherogenesis is counterbalanced by an opposite effect resulting from impaired lymphatic function in ubiquitous Panx1-deficient mice. Collectively, our findings unveil a pivotal role of Panx1 in linking lymphatic function to lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Merlijn J Meens
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Avigail Ehrlich
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Christel L Roth
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Morel
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Graziano Pelli
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Vinet
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.,University of Geneva and Lausanne, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Osman Ratib
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chanson
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Department of Pediatrics and of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hugues
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- University of Geneva, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland. .,University of Geneva, Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.
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243
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Hewing B, Ludwig A, Dan C, Pötzsch M, Hannemann C, Petry A, Lauer D, Görlach A, Kaschina E, Müller DN, Baumann G, Stangl V, Stangl K, Wilck N. Immunoproteasome subunit ß5i/LMP7-deficiency in atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13342. [PMID: 29042581 PMCID: PMC5645401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of protein homeostasis by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for atherosclerosis development. Recent studies showed controversial results on the role of immunoproteasome (IP) subunit β5i/LMP7 in maintenance of protein homeostasis under cytokine induced oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of β5i/LMP7-deficiency on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory, immune cell driven disease. LDLR-/-LMP7-/- and LDLR-/- mice were fed a Western-type diet for either 6 or 24 weeks to induce early and advanced stage atherosclerosis, respectively. Lesion burden was similar between genotypes in both stages. Macrophage content and abundance of polyubiquitin conjugates in aortic root plaques were unaltered by β5i/LMP7-deficiency. In vitro experiments using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) showed that β5i/LMP7-deficiency did not influence macrophage polarization or accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and cell survival upon hydrogen peroxide and interferon-γ treatment. Analyses of proteasome core particle composition by Western blot revealed incorporation of standard proteasome subunits in β5i/LMP7-deficient BMDM and spleen. Chymotrypsin-, trypsin- and caspase-like activities assessed by using short fluorogenic peptides in BMDM whole cell lysates were similar in both genotypes. Taken together, deficiency of IP subunit β5i/LMP7 does not disturb protein homeostasis and does not aggravate atherogenesis in LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hewing
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Ludwig
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristian Dan
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Pötzsch
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Hannemann
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dilyara Lauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Kaschina
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert Baumann
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Stangl
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
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244
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He Y, Chen X, Guo X, Yin H, Ma N, Tang M, Liu H, Mei J. Th17/Treg Ratio in Serum Predicts Onset of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:1467-1475. [PMID: 28993118 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to identify whether the balance between T helper 17 (Th17) cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells could predict the postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS We enrolled 88 patients from Xinhua Hospital who received off-pump CABG (OPCABG) surgery. The baseline characteristics of patients were recorded. The preoperative variables C-reactive protein (CRP) level, left atrial (LA) volume, EuroSCORE I score, CHADS2 score, and CHA2DS2-VASc score were calculated at enrolment. Circulating Th17 and Treg cell frequencies were determined by flow cytometry, and expressions of Th17- and Treg-related cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared to patients without POAF, the CRP level and peripheral circulating Th17 cell were significantly increased in POAF patients. Th17/Treg ratio was positively correlated with CRP level, LA volume, CHADS2 score, and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUC) curves of Th17/Treg ratio for predicting POAF occurrence was higher than that of CRP level, LA volume, CHADS2 score and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Th17/Treg ratio combined with CRP level has the highest AUC and a greater balance between sensitivity and specificity for predicting POAF. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a Th17/Treg imbalance due to a Th17 shift, representing a pro-inflammatory tendency, participates in the development of POAF. Combining the Th17/Treg ratio with CRP level may provide a more accurate, sensitive, and specific indicator for prediction of POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ju Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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245
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Peng L, Lv CS, Zhao Y, Chen SD, Huang Y, Lu DW, Huang SQ, Yang ZB, Qian LC, Wen L. QiShenYiQi pill attenuates atherosclerosis by promoting regulatory T cells, inhibiting T helper 17 cells and accelerating cholesterol excretion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82196-82206. [PMID: 29137256 PMCID: PMC5669882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore potential immunoregulatory mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect on atherosclerosis of QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ). METHODS AND RESULTS Male ApoE-/- mice were maintained on a Western-type diet and QSYQ treatment for eight weeks. Determination of atherosclerosis demonstrated that QSYQ attenuated plaque formation and decreased the level of blood low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol. QSYQ treatment did not affect body weight but reduced the ratio of liver weight and body weight. Western blots of liver showed that QSYQ increased the expression of liver X receptor alpha and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5. Western blots of atherosclerotic aorta revealed that QSYQ inhibited the expression of cluster of differentiation 36, promoted the expression of forkhead box P3 and decreased interleukin-17A expression. Western blots of spleen showed that QSYQ decreased the expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 and forkhead box P3, as well as attenuated the expression of spleen interleukin-6, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma and interleukin-17A. CONCLUSIONS QSYQ exerted an anti-atherosclerosis effect by promoting regulatory T cells in atherosclerotic lesion, inhibiting T helper 17 cells in plaque and spleen and accelerating liver cholesterol excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chong-Shan Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shao-Dong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Da-Wei Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shu-Qiong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zong-Bao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lin-Chao Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Engelbertsen D, Rattik S, Wigren M, Vallejo J, Marinkovic G, Schiopu A, Björkbacka H, Nilsson J, Bengtsson E. IL-1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 114:180-187. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
The role of CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis has been shown to be dependent on cytokine cues that regulate lineage commitment into mature T helper sub-sets. In this study, we tested the roles of IL-1R1 and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis.
Methods and results
We transferred apoe-/-myd88+/+ or apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells to T- and B-cell-deficient rag1-/-apoe-/- mice fed high fat diet. Mice given apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells exhibited reduced atherosclerosis compared with mice given apoe-/-myd88+/+ CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells from apoe-/-myd88-/- produced less IL-17 but similar levels of IFN-γ. Treatment of human CD4+ T cells with a MyD88 inhibitor inhibited IL-17 secretion in vitro. Transfer of il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells recapitulated the phenotype seen by transfer of myd88-/- CD4+ T cells with reduced lesion development and a reduction in Th17 and IL-17 production compared with wild type CD4+ T cell recipients. Relative collagen content of lesions was reduced in mice receiving il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells.
Conclusion
We demonstrate that both IL1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity, plaque growth and may regulate plaque collagen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Engelbertsen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sara Rattik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jenifer Vallejo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Goran Marinkovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Pan LL, Qin M, Liu XH, Zhu YZ. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide on Cardiovascular Homeostasis: An Overview with Update on Immunomodulation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:686. [PMID: 29018349 PMCID: PMC5622958 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third endogenous gaseous signaling molecule alongside nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide, is synthesized by multiple enzymes in cardiovascular system. Similar to other gaseous mediators, H2S has demonstrated a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, vasodilating capacities and endothelial NO synthase modulating activity, and regulates a wide range of pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms by which H2S mediates cardiovascular homeostasis are not fully understood. This review focuses on the recent progress on functional and mechanistic aspects of H2S in the inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes of cardiovascular disorders, importantly myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, we highlight the challenges for developing H2S-based therapy to modulate the pathological processes in cardiovascular diseases. A better understanding of the immunomodulatory and biochemical functions of H2S might provide new therapeutic strategies for these cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Kusters P, Seijkens T, Bürger C, Legein B, Winkels H, Gijbels M, Barthels C, Bennett R, Beckers L, Atzler D, Biessen E, Brocker T, Weber C, Gerdes N, Lutgens E. Constitutive CD40 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Limits Atherosclerosis by Provoking Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ensuing Cholesterol Malabsorption. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2912-2919. [PMID: 28935569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The costimulatory molecule CD40 is a major driver of atherosclerosis. It is expressed on a wide variety of cell types, including mature dendritic cells (DCs), and is required for optimal T-cell activation and expansion. It remains undetermined whether and how CD40 on DCs impacts the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, the effects of constitutively active CD40 in DCs on atherosclerosis were examined using low-density lipoprotein-deficient (Ldlr-/-) bone marrow chimeras that express a transgene containing an engineered latent membrane protein 1 (LMP)/CD40 fusion protein conferring constitutive CD40 signaling under control of the DC-specific CD11c promoter (DC-LMP1/CD40). As expected, DC-LMP1/CD40/Ldlr-/- chimeras (DC-LMP1/CD40) showed increased antigen-presenting capacity of DCs and increased T-cell numbers. However, the mice developed extensive neutrophilia compared to CD40wt/Ldlr-/- (CD40wt) chimeras. Despite overt T-cell expansion and neutrophilia, a reduction in conventional DC frequency and a dramatic (approximately 80%) reduction in atherosclerosis was observed. Further analyses revealed that cholesterol and triglyceride levels had decreased by 37% and 60%, respectively, in DC-LMP1/CD40 chimeras. Moreover, DC-LMP1/CD40 chimeras developed inflammatory bowel disease characterized by massive transmural influx of leukocytes and lymphocytes, resulting in villous degeneration and lipid malabsorption. Constitutive activation of CD40 in DCs results in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby impairing lipid uptake, which consequently results in attenuated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Bürger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart Legein
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Barthels
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Remy Bennett
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institut for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Klinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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249
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Flavonolignans Inhibit IL1-β-Induced Cross-Talk between Blood Platelets and Leukocytes. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091022. [PMID: 28914761 PMCID: PMC5622782 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-the most potent pro-inflammatory is responsible for a broad spectrum of immune and inflammatory responses, it induces T-cell and B-cell activation and consequently the synthesis of other pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IFN-γ and TNF). IL-1β induces the formation of blood platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs), which suggests that IL-1β significantly affects the cross-talk between blood platelets and the immune response system, leading to coronary thrombosis. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of flavonolignans (silybin, silychristin and silydianin) on the IL-1β-induced interaction between platelets and leukocytes, as well as on the expression and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Whole blood samples were pre-incubated with commercially available flavonolignans (silybin, silychristin and silydianin) in a concentration range of 10-100 µM (30 min, 37 °C). Next, samples were activated by IL-1β for 1 h. Blood platelet-leukocyte aggregates were detected by using the double-labeled flow cytometry (CD61/CD45). The level of produced cytokines was estimated via the ELISA immunoenzymatic method. IFN-γ and TNF gene expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR with TaqMan arrays. We observed that in a dose-dependent manner, silybin and silychristin inhibit the IL-1β-induced formation of blood platelet-leukocyte aggregates in whole blood samples, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines-IL-2, TNF, INF-α, and INF-γ. Additionally, these two flavonolignans abolished the IL-1β-induced expression of mRNA for IFN-γ and TNF. Our current results demonstrate that flavonolignans can be novel compounds used in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases with dual-use action as antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory agents.
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250
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Nicolás-Ávila JÁ, Adrover JM, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils in Homeostasis, Immunity, and Cancer. Immunity 2017; 46:15-28. [PMID: 28099862 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils were among the first leukocytes described and visualized by early immunologists. Prominent effector functions during infection and sterile inflammation classically placed them low in the immune tree as rapid, mindless aggressors with poor regulatory functions. This view is currently under reassessment as we uncover new aspects of their life cycle and identify transcriptional and phenotypic diversity that endows them with regulatory properties that extend beyond their lifetime in the circulation. These properties are revealing unanticipated roles for neutrophils in supporting homeostasis, as well as complex disease states such as cancer. We focus this review on these emerging functions in order to define the true roles of neutrophils in homeostasis, immunity, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Nicolás-Ávila
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain
| | - José M Adrover
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany.
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